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<h1 data-aos="fade-down" id="covid-19-sentry">Covid-19 Sentry</h1>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" data-aos-anchor-placement="top-bottom" id="contents">Contents</h1>
<ul>
<li><a href="#from-preprints">From Preprints</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-clinical-trials">From Clinical Trials</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-pubmed">From PubMed</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-patent-search">From Patent Search</a></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-preprints">From Preprints</h1>
<ul>
<li><strong>Can a pan-coronavirus vaccine limit the threat of SARS-CoV-2 emerging variants and prevent any future pandemic?</strong> -
<div>
During coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the initial application of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccines were deemed to be effective in preventing infection. However, the efficacy of these vaccines was then significantly reduced due to the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants that can evade host immune response. Moreover, waning of SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) level over time represents another challenge to control COVID-19 ongoing waves. The short-term immunity conferred by the currently available vaccines may lead to a never-ending cycle of SARS-CoV-2 variants emergence and ongoing waves of COVID-19. In addition, the presence of animal reservoir for coronaviruses is complicating efforts to eradicate these pathogens. As such, by employing different designs and approaches, broad-spectrum or pan-coronavirus vaccines may represent a potential tool to fight various emergent variants of SARS-CoV-2 through the generation of long-lasting and cross-reactive neutralizing antibodies. The production of these broad-spectrum neutralizing antibodies is currently explored through application of strategies like the use of pathogen conserved (consensus) epitopes, heterologous sequential immunization, and mosaic nanoparticle platform. But the big questions that need answers: Can these proposed broad-spectrum or pan-coronavirus vaccines be effective against the emergent variants for SARS-CoV-2? And can they prevent any future pandemic driven by coronaviruses?
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://osf.io/q4u5d/" target="_blank">Can a pan-coronavirus vaccine limit the threat of SARS-CoV-2 emerging variants and prevent any future pandemic?</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>MDA5-autoimmunity and Interstitial Pneumonitis Contemporaneous with the COVID-19 Pandemic (MIP-C)</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Background: Anti-MDA5 (Melanoma differentiation-associated protein-5) positive dermatomyositis (MDA5+-DM) is characterised by rapidly progressive interstitial lung disease (ILD) and high mortality. MDA5 senses single-stranded RNA and is a key pattern recognition receptor for the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Methods: This is a retrospective observational study of a surge in MDA5 autoimmunity, as determined using a 15 muscle-specific autoantibodies (MSAs) panel, between Janurary 2018-December 2022 in Yorkshire, UK. MDA5-positivity was correlated with clinical features and outcome, and regional SARS-CoV-2 positivity and vaccination rates. Gene expression patterns in COVID-19 were compared with autoimmune lung disease and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) to gain clues into the genesis of the observed MDA5+-DM outbreak. Results: Sixty new anti-MDA5+, but not other MSAs surged between 2020-2022, increasing from 0.4% in 2019 to 2.1% (2020), 4.8% (2021) and 1.7% (2022). Few (8/60) had a prior history of confirmed COVID-19, peak rates overlapped with regional SARS-COV-2 community positivity rates in 2021, and 58% (35/60) had received anti-SARS-CoV-2 RNA vaccines. Few (8/60) had a prior history of COVID-19, whereas 58% (35/60) had received anti-SARS-CoV-2 RNA vaccines. 25/60 cases developed ILD which rapidly progression with death in 8 cases. Among the 35/60 non-ILD cases, 14 had myositis, 17 Raynaud phenomena and 10 had dermatomyositis spectrum rashes. Transcriptomic studies showed strong IFIH1 (gene encoding for MDA5) induction in COVID-19 and autoimmune-ILD, but not IPF, and IFIH1 strongly correlated with an IL-15-centric type-1 interferon response and an activated CD8+ T cell signature that is an immunologic hallmark of progressive ILD in the setting of systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases. The IFIH1 rs1990760TT variant blunted such response. Conclusions: A distinct pattern of MDA5-autoimmunity cases surged contemporaneously with circulation of the SARS-COV-2 virus during COVID-19. Bioinformatic insights suggest a shared immunopathology with known autoimmune lung disease mechanisms.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.03.23297727v1" target="_blank">MDA5-autoimmunity and Interstitial Pneumonitis Contemporaneous with the COVID-19 Pandemic (MIP-C)</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>M3NetFlow: a novel multi-scale multi-hop multi-omics graph AI model for omics data integration and interpretation</strong> -
<div>
The integration and interpretation of multi-omics data play a crucial role in systems biology for prioritizing vital molecular targets and deciphering core signaling pathways of complex diseases, such as cancer, COVID-19 and Alzheimer’s disease. However, it remains a challenge that has not been adequately addressed. Graph neural networks (GNN) have emerged as powerful artificial intelligence models for analyzing data with a graphical structure. Nevertheless, GNN models have not been sufficiently designed for integrative and interpretable multi-omics data analysis. In this study, we propose a novel multi-scale multi-hop multi-omics GNN model, M3NetFlow, to integrate and interpret multi-omics data to rank key targets and infer core signaling pathways. Specifically, we applied the M3NetFlow model to infer cell-line-specific core signaling networks explaining drug combination response. The evaluation and comparison results on drug combination prediction showed that the M3NetFlow model achieved significantly higher prediction accuracy than existing GNN models. Furthermore, M3NetFlow can predict key targets and infer essential signaling networks regulating drug combination response. It is critical for guiding the development of personalized precision medicine for patients with drug resistance. This model can be applied to general multi-omics data-driven research. Aside from that, we developed the visualization tool, NetFlowVis, the better analysis of targets and signaling pathways of drugs and drug combinations.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.15.545130v2" target="_blank">M3NetFlow: a novel multi-scale multi-hop multi-omics graph AI model for omics data integration and interpretation</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Frequency and determinants of COVID-19 prevention behaviours: assessment of large-scale programmes in seven countries</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Pre-existing health and economic challenges mean residents of low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) are likely to be particularly vulnerable to infectious disease pandemics. Limited access to hygiene facilities, water, soap and masks, and dense living environments impeded effective practice of preventive behaviours - handwashing with soap (HWWS), mask wearing and physical distancing - a key line of primary defence against COVID-19. Here we describe a multi-country analysis of prevalence of key hygiene prevention behaviours and their determinants associated with an international non-governmental organisation (WaterAid) hygiene behaviour change programmes for COVID-19 prevention. The goal of this analysis is to inform future outbreak preparedness and pandemic response in LMICs. Cross-sectional household surveys were conducted in October-November 2020 in seven countries where WaterAid worked (Ethiopia, Ghana, Nepal, Nigeria, Rwanda, Tanzania and Zambia). Multivariable mixed-effects regression analyses were used to explore relationships between self-reported behavioural outcomes of interest (handwashing with soap, physical distancing, and mask use) and demographic characteristics, behavioural factors (knowledge, norms, barriers, motives), and exposure to COVID-19 communications. Most respondents (80%) reported increasing their handwashing behaviour after the pandemic, but practice of HWWS at COVID-19-specific prevention moments was low. Mask wearing (58%) and physical distancing (29%) varied substantially between countries. Determinants of key behaviours were identified, including age and socioeconomic status, perceived norms, self-regulation, and the motive of protecting others. These findings highlight that leveraging behaviour-specific emotional drivers and norms, reducing common barriers and promoting targeted messages about specific behaviours and actions individuals can take to reduce risk are necessary to support large-scale behaviour change. Learning from the COVID-19 response to more effectively integrate novel behaviours into existing health promotion will be vital for disease prevention and outbreak resilience.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.03.23298032v1" target="_blank">Frequency and determinants of COVID-19 prevention behaviours: assessment of large-scale programmes in seven countries</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Sufficient COVID-19 quarantine and testing on international travelers from China</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Objectives Removal of zeroCOVID restrictions in China led to a surge in COVID19 cases. In response, countries imposed restrictions on Chinese travelers. However, border policies may not provide substantial benefits and their assessment depends on accurate prevalence data. Methods We analyzed quarantines and testing sufficient to prevent additional in country transmission for February 13 to 19, 2023 based on World Health Organization (WHO) and self reported infection rates to estimate prevalence. Results Here we have shown that self-reported prevalence data indicated more stringent border restrictions compared to WHOpublished prevalence statistics. No travel restrictions were required for Singapore for infections to not be greater than in complete border closure, while a 1day quarantine, 2day quarantine, and a 3day quarantine were indicated for England, Germany, and Scotland respectively. A 10day quarantine, 11day quarantine, and 13day quarantine were required for Italy, Japan, and France, respectively, to prevent an increase in the number of within country infections due to travel, while South Korea required a complete border shutdown. Conclusions Our results demonstrated the necessity for accurate and timely reporting of pandemic statistics to prevent an increase in viral spread. Through the minimum quarantine analysis, countries can use science to determine policy, minimize international friction, and improve the cost efficiency of interventions.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.03.23297426v1" target="_blank">Sufficient COVID-19 quarantine and testing on international travelers from China</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Real-world comparative effectiveness of a third dose of mRNA-1273 versus BNT162b2 among adults aged ≥65 years in the United States</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Introduction: To compare the real-world effectiveness of a third dose of mRNA-1273 versus a third dose of BNT162b2 against breakthrough COVID-19 hospitalizations among adults age ≥65 years who completed a primary series of an mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccine (regardless of which primary series was received). Materials and methods: This observational comparative vaccine effectiveness (VE) study was conducted using administrative claims data from the US HealthVerity database (September 22, 2021, to August 31, 2022). A third dose of mRNA-1273 versus BNT162b2 was assessed for preventing COVID-19 hospitalizations and medically attended COVID-19 among adults ≥65 years. Inverse probability of treatment weighting was applied to balance baseline characteristics between vaccine groups. Incidence rates from patient-level data and hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using weighted Cox proportional hazards models were calculated to estimate relative VE for each outcome. Results: Overall, 94,587 and 92,377 individuals received a third dose of mRNA-1273 and BNT162b2, respectively. Among the weighted population, the median age was 69 years (interquartile range, 66-74), 53% were female, and 46% were commercially insured. COVID-19 hospitalization rates per 1000 person-years (PYs) were 5.61 (95% CI, 5.13-6.09) for mRNA-1273 and 7.06 (95% CI, 6.54-7.57) for BNT162b2 (HR, 0.82; 0.69-0.98). Medically attended COVID-19 rates per 1000 PYs (95% CI) were 95.05 (95% CI, 93.03-97.06) for mRNA-1273 and 106.55 (95% CI, 104.53-108.57) for BNT162b2 (HR, 0.93; 0.89-0.98). Conclusions: Results from this observational comparative VE database study provide evidence that among older adults, a third dose of mRNA-1273 was more effective in preventing breakthrough COVID-19 hospitalization and medically attended COVID-19 infection compared with a third dose of BNT162b2.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.03.23298054v1" target="_blank">Real-world comparative effectiveness of a third dose of mRNA-1273 versus BNT162b2 among adults aged ≥65 years in the United States</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Virological characteristics of the SARS-CoV-2 BA.2.86 variant</strong> -
<div>
In late 2023, a lineage of SARS-CoV-2 emerged and was named the BA.2.86 variant. BA.2.86 is phylogenetically distinct from other Omicron sublineages identified so far, displaying an accumulation of over 30 amino acid mutations in its spike protein. Here, we performed multiscale investigations to reveal the virological characteristics of the BA.2.86 variant. Our epidemic dynamics modeling suggested that the relative reproduction number of BA.2.86 is significantly higher than that of EG.5.1. Experimental studies showed that four clinically-available antivirals were effective against BA.2.86. Although the fusogenicity of BA.2.86 spike is similar to that of the parental BA.2 spike, the intrinsic pathogenicity of BA.2.86 in hamsters was significantly lower than that of BA.2. Since the growth kinetics of BA.2.86 is significantly lower than that of BA.2 in both in vitro cell cultures and in vivo, it is suggested that the attenuated pathogenicity of BA.2.86 is due to its decreased replication capacity.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.02.565304v1" target="_blank">Virological characteristics of the SARS-CoV-2 BA.2.86 variant</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Leveraging a self-cleaving peptide for tailored control in proximity labeling proteomics</strong> -
<div>
Protein-protein interactions play an important biological role in every aspect of cellular homeostasis and functioning. Proximity labeling mass spectrometry-based proteomics overcomes challenges typically associated with other methods, and has quickly become the current state-of-the-art in the field. Nevertheless, tight control of proximity labeling enzymatic activity and expression levels is crucial to accurately identify protein interactors. Here, we leverage a T2A self-cleaving peptide and a non-cleaving mutant to accommodate the protein-of-interest in the experimental and control TurboID setup. To allow easy and streamlined plasmid assembly, we built a Golden Gate modular cloning system to generate plasmids for transient expression and stable integration. To highlight our T2A Split-link design, we applied it to identify protein interactions of the glucocorticoid receptor and SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid and NSP7 proteins by TurboID proximity labeling. Our results demonstrate that our T2A split-link provides an opportune control that builds upon previously established control requirements in the field.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.03.565112v1" target="_blank">Leveraging a self-cleaving peptide for tailored control in proximity labeling proteomics</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Resistance mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro to the non-covalent inhibitor WU-04</strong> -
<div>
Drug resistance poses a significant challenge in the development of effective therapies against SARS-CoV-2. Here, we identified two double mutations, M49K/M165V and M49K/S301P, in the 3C-like protease (3CLpro) that confer resistance to a novel non-covalent inhibitor, WU-04. Crystallographic analysis indicates that the M49K mutation destabilizes the WU-04 binding pocket, impacting the binding of WU-04 more significantly than the binding of 3CLpro substrates. The M165V mutation directly interferes with WU-04 binding. The S301P mutation, which is far from the WU-04 binding pocket, indirectly affects WU-04 binding by restricting the rotation of 3CLpro's C-terminal tail and impeding 3CLpro dimerization. We further explored 3CLpro mutations that confer resistance to two clinically used inhibitors: ensitrelvir and nirmatrelvir, and revealed a trade-off between the catalytic activity, thermostability, and drug resistance of 3CLpro. We found that mutations at the same residue (M49) can have distinct effects on the 3CLpro inhibitors, highlighting the importance of developing multiple antiviral agents with different skeletons for fighting SARS-CoV-2. These findings enhance our understanding of SARS-CoV-2 resistance mechanisms and inform the development of effective therapeutics.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.01.564972v1" target="_blank">Resistance mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro to the non-covalent inhibitor WU-04</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>OASIS: An interpretable, finite sample valid alternative to Pearson’s X2 for scientific discovery</strong> -
<div>
Contingency tables, data represented as counts matrices, are ubiquitous across quantitative research and data-science applications. Existing statistical tests are insufficient however, as none are simultaneously computationally efficient and statistically valid for a finite number of observations. In this work, motivated by a recent application in reference-free genomic inference (Chaung et. al. 2022), we develop OASIS (Optimized Adaptive Statistic for Inferring Structure), a family of statistical tests for contingency tables. OASIS constructs a test-statistic which is linear in the normalized data matrix, providing closed form p-value bounds through classical concentration inequalities. In the process, OASIS provides a decomposition of the table, lending interpretability to its rejection of the null. We derive the asymptotic distribution of the OASIS test statistic, showing that these finite-sample bounds correctly characterize the test statistic’s p-value up to a variance term. Experiments on genomic sequencing data highlight the power and interpretability of OASIS. The same method based on OASIS significance calls detects SARS-CoV-2 and Mycobacterium Tuberculosis strains de novo, which cannot be achieved with current approaches. We demonstrate in simulations that OASIS is robust to overdispersion, a common feature in genomic data like single cell RNA-sequencing, where under accepted noise models OASIS still provides good control of the false discovery rate, while Pearson’s <span class="math inline"><em>X</em><sup>2</sup></span> test consistently rejects the null. Additionally, we show on synthetic data that OASIS is more powerful than Pearson’s <span class="math inline"><em>X</em><sup>2</sup></span> test in certain regimes, including for some important two group alternatives, which we corroborate with approximate power calculations.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.16.533008v2" target="_blank">OASIS: An interpretable, finite sample valid alternative to Pearson’s X2 for scientific discovery</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Forecasting COVID-19 New Cases Using Transformer Deep Learning Model</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Making accurate forecasting of COVID-19 cases is essential for healthcare systems, with more than 650 million cases as of 4 January,1 making it one of the worst in history. The goal of this research is to improve the precision of COVID-19 case predictions in Russia, India, and Brazil, a transformer-based model was developed. Several researchers have implemented a combination of CNNs and LSTMs, Long Short-Term Memory (LSTMs), and Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) to calculate the total number of COVID-19 cases. In this study, an effort was made to improve the correctness of the models by incorporating recent advancements in attention-based models for time-series forecasting. The resulting model was found to perform better than other existing models and showed improved accuracy in forecasting. Using the data from different countries and adapting it to the model will enhance its ability to support the worldwide effort to combat the pandemic by giving more precise projections of cases.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.02.23297976v1" target="_blank">Forecasting COVID-19 New Cases Using Transformer Deep Learning Model</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Serum Antibody Fingerprinting for SARS-CoV-2 Variants in Infected and Vaccinated Subjects by Label-Free Microarray Biosensor</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Both viral infection and vaccination affect the antibody repertoire of a person. Here we demonstrate that the analysis of serum antibodies carries information not only on the virus type that caused the infection, but also on the specific virus variant. We developed a rapid multiplex assay providing a fingerprint of serum antibodies against five different SARS-CoV-2 variants, based on a microarray of virus antigens immobilized on the surface of a label-free reflectometric biosensor. We analyzed serum from plasma of convalescent subjects and vaccinated volunteers and extracted individual antibody profiles of both total immunoglobulin Ig and IgA fraction. We found that Ig level profiles were strongly correlated with the specific variant of infection or vaccination and that vaccinated subjects displayed larger quantity of total Ig and lower fraction of IgA relative to the population of convalescent unvaccinated subjects.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.02.23297831v1" target="_blank">Serum Antibody Fingerprinting for SARS-CoV-2 Variants in Infected and Vaccinated Subjects by Label-Free Microarray Biosensor</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>The more symptoms the better? Covid-19 vaccine side effects and long-term neutralizing antibody response</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Protection against SARS-CoV-2 wanes over time, and booster uptake has been low, in part because of concern about side effects. We examined the relationships between local and systemic symptoms, biometric changes, and neutralizing antibodies (nAB) after mRNA vaccination. Data were collected from adults (n = 364) who received two doses of either BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273. Serum nAB concentration was measured at 1 and 6 months post-vaccination. Daily symptom surveys were completed for six days starting on the day of each dose. Concurrently, objective biometric measurements, including skin temperature, heart rate, heart rate variability, and respiratory rate, were collected. We found that certain symptoms (chills, tiredness, feeling unwell, and headache) after the second dose were associated with increases in nAB at 1 and 6 months post-vaccination, to roughly 140-160% the level of individuals without each symptom. Each additional symptom predicted a 1.1-fold nAB increase. Greater increases in skin temperature and heart rate after the second dose predicted higher nAB levels at both time points, but skin temperature change was more predictive of durable (6 month) nAB response than of short-term (1 month) nAB response. In the context of low ongoing vaccine uptake, our convergent symptom and biometric findings suggest that public health messaging could seek to reframe systemic symptoms after vaccination as desirable.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.26.23296186v3" target="_blank">The more symptoms the better? Covid-19 vaccine side effects and long-term neutralizing antibody response</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Urban and rural disparities in life expectancy drops during the COVID-19 pandemic were not uniform across European countries</strong> -
<div>
This paper explores differences in mortality dynamics between urban and rural areas of 20 European countries during the two pandemic years 2020 and 2021. The link between population density and the spread of communicable diseases is a well-established phenomenon, yet to what extent this results in a mortality gap after years of ongoing epidemics is a less explored question. We find pronounced and significant differences, with urban areas being harder hit by COVID-19 mortality in most countries.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://osf.io/7rwck/" target="_blank">Urban and rural disparities in life expectancy drops during the COVID-19 pandemic were not uniform across European countries</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Non-generalizability of biomarkers for mortality in SARS-CoV-2: a meta-analyses series</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Rationale: Sophisticated prognostic scores have been proposed for SARS-CoV-2 but do not always perform consistently. We conducted these meta-analyses to uncover why and to investigate the impact of vaccination and variants. Methods: We searched the PubMed database for the keywords: SARS-CoV-2 with biomarker and mortality. All studies published from 01/12/2020 to 31/03/2023 were surveyed. To aggregate the data, the meta library in R was used, and a random effects model fitted to obtain pooled AUCs and 95% confidence intervals for the European/North American, Asian, and overall datasets. Results: Biomarker effectiveness varies significantly in different continents. Admission CRP levels are a good prognostic marker for mortality in Asian countries, with a pooled area under curve (AUC) of 0.83 (95%CI 0.80-0.85), but only an average predictor of mortality in Europe/North America, with a pooled AUC of 0.67 (95%CI 0.63-0.71, P&lt;0.0001). We observed the same pattern for D-dimer and IL-6. This variability explains why the proposed prognostic scores did not perform evenly. Notably, urea and troponin had pooled AUCs ≥0.78 regardless of location, implying that end-organ damage at presentation is a key prognostic factor. Very little data is available for vaccinated and variant cohorts but it appears that inflammatory biomarkers are performing less well. We note a significant lag from the pandemic advent to data availability and this has no doubt impacted on patient care. Conclusions: Biomarker efficacies vary considerably by region. It is imperative that the infrastructure for collecting clinical data should be put in place ahead of a future pandemic.
</p>
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<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.03.22282974v2" target="_blank">Non-generalizability of biomarkers for mortality in SARS-CoV-2: a meta-analyses series</a>
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</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-clinical-trials">From Clinical Trials</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A PhaseⅡ Study to Evaluate the Safety and Immunogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) Vaccine( ZSVG-02-O)</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>: SARS-CoV-2 Infection <br/><b>Interventions</b>: Biological: COVID-19 mRNA Vaccine (ZSVG-02-O); Biological: COVID-19 mRNA Vaccine (ZSVG-02-O); Biological: COVID-19 Vaccine (Vero Cell) ,Inactivated <br/><b>Sponsors</b>: CNBG-Virogin Biotech (Shanghai) Ltd. <br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Pilot Randomized Study of RD-X19 Tx Device in Subjects With PCC (Long Covid) in the Outpatient Setting</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>: Post COVID-19 Condition (PCC) <br/><b>Interventions</b>: Device: RDX-19 <br/><b>Sponsors</b>: KNOWBio Inc.; NAMSA <br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>CPAP Therapy Through a Helmet or an Oronasal Mask in Patients With Acute Hypoxemic Respiratory Failure: Cross-over Study</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>: Pneumonia, Bacterial; Respiratory Failure; COVID-19 Pneumonia <br/><b>Interventions</b>: Diagnostic Test: Arterial blood gases; Diagnostic Test: Respiratory rate (RR); Diagnostic Test: Pulseoximeter; Diagnostic Test: Assessment of accessory respiratory muscles work; Diagnostic Test: Esophageal pressure measurement; Diagnostic Test: Discomfort Visual Analog Scale (VAS); Diagnostic Test: Noninvasive blood pressure; Diagnostic Test: Heart rate <br/><b>Sponsors</b>: I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University <br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Investigation of Efficacy and Safety of Electrical Signal Therapy Provided by Dr Biolyse® Device in COVID-19 Disease</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>: COVID-19 Pneumonia; Virus Diseases; COVID-19 <br/><b>Interventions</b>: Device: Signal Therapy provided by Dr.Biolyse device; Other: Liquid Support Treatment <br/><b>Sponsors</b>: AVB Biotechnology <br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A PhaseⅠ Study to Evaluate the Safety and Immunogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) Vaccine( ZSVG-02-O)</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>: SARS-CoV-2 Infection <br/><b>Interventions</b>: Biological: COVID-19 mRNA Vaccine (ZSVG-02-O); Biological: Placebo; Biological: COVID-19 Vaccine (Vero Cell) ,Inactivated <br/><b>Sponsors</b>: CNBG-Virogin Biotech (Shanghai) Ltd.; Shulan (Hangzhou) Hospital <br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>SAFE Workplace Intervention for People With IDD</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>: Developement of Infectious Airborne Disease Prevention Workplace Curriclulm <br/><b>Interventions</b>: Behavioral: SAFE Employment Training <br/><b>Sponsors</b>: Temple University; National Institute on Disability, Independent Living, and Rehabilitation Research <br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Effects of an EMDR Intervention on Traumatic and Obsessive Symptoms</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>: Adult ALL; Post-traumatic Stress Disorder; Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder; Disgust; Guilt; Shame <br/><b>Interventions</b>: Behavioral: EMDR <br/><b>Sponsors</b>: University of Pisa <br/><b>Completed</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Lithium Long COVID Dose-finding Study</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>: Long COVID <br/><b>Interventions</b>: Dietary Supplement: Lithium <br/><b>Sponsors</b>: State University of New York at Buffalo <br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Pharmacokinetics and Safety of GST-HG171 Tablets in Subjects With Impaired and Normal Renal Function</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>: COVID-19 Pneumonia <br/><b>Interventions</b>: Drug: GST-HG171 Tablets <br/><b>Sponsors</b>: Fujian Akeylink Biotechnology Co., Ltd. <br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Preoperative Educational Videos on Maternal Stress Whose Children Received Congenital Heart Disease Surgery: During COVID-19 Panic</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>: COVID-19; Educational Videos; Maternal; Uncertainty; Anxiety; Depression; Congenital Heart Disease; Children <br/><b>Interventions</b>: Other: Preoperative educational videos plus routine education; Other: Preoperative routine education <br/><b>Sponsors</b>: Chung Shan Medical University <br/><b>Completed</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Pharmacokinetics and Safety of GST-HG171 Tablets in Subjects With Impaired and Normal Liver Function</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>: COVID-19 Pneumonia <br/><b>Interventions</b>: Drug: GST-HG171 Tablets <br/><b>Sponsors</b>: Fujian Akeylink Biotechnology Co., Ltd. <br/><b>Completed</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Evaluation of Concordance Between Exhaled Air Test (eBAM-CoV) and RT-PCR to Detect SARS-CoV-2</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>: SARS-CoV-2 Infection; COVID-19; Coronavirus <br/><b>Interventions</b>: Device: eBAM Cov Testing <br/><b>Sponsors</b>: Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nīmes; University of Nimes; brains’ laboratory sas, FRANCE <br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Study to Safety, Tolerability and Immunogenicity of EG-COVII in Healthy Adult</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>: COVID-19 <br/><b>Interventions</b>: Biological: EG-COVII <br/><b>Sponsors</b>: EyeGene Inc. <br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Pharmacokinetics and Bioequivalence of Aterixen 100 mg Tablets and Aterixen 100 mg Film-coated Tablets in Healthy Volunteers</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>: Viral Infection COVID-19 <br/><b>Interventions</b>: Drug: Aterixen <br/><b>Sponsors</b>: Valenta Pharm JSC <br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Long COVID Brain Fog: Cognitive Rehabilitation Trial</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>: Long COVID; Brain Fog; Cognitive Impairment; Cognitive Dysfunction; Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome <br/><b>Interventions</b>: Behavioral: Speed of Processing Training; Behavioral: In-lab Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Training; Behavioral: In-lab Brain Health Training; Behavioral: Transfer Package; Behavioral: Follow Up Phone Calls; Behavioral: Vocational Rehabilitation; Behavioral: Peer Mentoring <br/><b>Sponsors</b>: University of Alabama at Birmingham; National Institute on Disability, Independent Living, and Rehabilitation Research <br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-pubmed">From PubMed</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Lipin-2 regulates the antiviral and anti-inflammatory responses to interferon</strong> - Interferons (IFN) are crucial antiviral and immunomodulatory cytokines that exert their function through the regulation of a myriad of genes, many of which are not yet characterized. Here, we reveal that lipin-2, a phosphatidic acid phosphatase whose mutations produce an autoinflammatory syndrome known as Majeed syndrome in humans, is regulated by IFN in a STAT-1-dependent manner. Lipin-2 inhibits viral replication both in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, lipin-2 also acts as a regulator of…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Saying no to SARS-CoV-2: the potential of nitric oxide in the treatment of COVID-19 pneumonia</strong> - Nitric oxide (NO), a gaseous free radical produced from L-arginine catalyzed by NO synthase, functions as an important signaling molecule in the human body. Its antiviral activity was confirmed in the 1990s, and has been studied more extensively since the outbreak of the SARS pandemic in 2003. In the fight against the ongoing severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic, some recent studies have revealed the potential of NO in the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Understanding psychology students’ perspective on video psychotherapy and their intention to offer it after graduation: a mixed-methods study</strong> - INTRODUCTION: Video psychotherapy (VPT) demonstrated strong clinical efficacy in the past, with patients and psychotherapists expressing satisfaction with its outcomes. Despite this, VPT only gained full recognition from the German healthcare system during the COVID-19 pandemic. As society increasingly relies on new media, it seems likely that VPT will become even more relevant. Previous studies surveyed practicing psychotherapists and patients about advantages and disadvantages of VPT. In…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Oral mucosa immunity: ultimate strategy to stop spreading of pandemic viruses</strong> - Global pandemics are most likely initiated via zoonotic transmission to humans in which respiratory viruses infect airways with relevance to mucosal systems. Out of the known pandemics, five were initiated by respiratory viruses including current ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Striking progress in vaccine development and therapeutics has helped ameliorate the mortality and morbidity by infectious agents. Yet, organism replication and virus spread through mucosal tissues cannot be…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Intracellular delivery of nuclear localization sequence peptide mitigates COVID-19 by inhibiting nuclear transport of inflammation associated transcription factors</strong> - The novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, responsible for COVID-19, can trigger dysregulated immune responses known as cytokine release syndrome (CRS), leading to severe organ dysfunction and respiratory distress. Our study focuses on developing an improved cell-permeable nuclear import inhibitor, iCP-NI, capable of blocking the nuclear transport of inflammation-associated transcription factors (IATFs), specifically nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB). By fusing advanced macromolecule transduction domains…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Hyperbaric Oxygen Treatment for Long COVID: From Molecular Mechanism to Clinical Practice</strong> - Long COVID symptoms typically occur within 3 months of an initial COVID-19 infection, last for more than 2 months, and cannot be explained by other diagnoses. The most common symptoms include fatigue, dyspnea, coughing, and cognitive impairment. The mechanisms of long COVID are not fully understood, but several hypotheses have been put forth. These include coagulation and fibrosis pathway activation, inflammatory and autoimmune manifestations, persistent virus presence, and Epstein-Barr virus…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>The extracellular polysaccharide inhibit porcine epidemic diarrhea virus with extract and gene editing Lacticaseibacillus</strong> - Lacticaseibacillus is one of the predominant microorganisms in gut from human and animal, and the lacticaseibacillus have effective applications against the viral diarrhea of piglets in the farm. However, the function and the concrete cell single pathways of the active ingredient from lacticaseibacillus was not clear within anti-infection in the postbiotics research. Here, we compared the biological function of extracellular polysaccharides (EPS) purified from lacticaseibacillus casei (L. casei)…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Selectivity, efficacy and safety of JAKinibs: new evidence for a still evolving story</strong> - Fundamental insight gained over the last decades led to the discovery of cytokines as pivotal drivers of inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis/psoriasis arthritis, inflammatory bowel diseases, atopic dermatitis and spondylarthritis. A deeper understanding of the pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory effects of various cytokines has prompted new cytokine-targeting therapies, which revolutionised the treatment options in the last years for patients with inflammatory…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Veratramine Inhibits Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus Entry through Macropinocytosis by Suppressing PI3K/Akt Pathway</strong> - Porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED) is a contagious intestinal disease caused by α-coronavirus porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV). At present, no effective vaccine is available to prevent the disease. Therefore, research for novel antivirals is important. This study aimed to identify the antiviral mechanism of Veratramine (VAM), which actively inhibits PEDV replication with a 50% inhibitory concentration (IC(50)) of ∼ 5 µM. Upon VAM treatment, both PEDV-nucleocapsid (N) protein level and virus…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Promising role of Vitamin D and plant metabolites against COVID-19: Clinical trials review</strong> - Vitamin D possesses immunomodulatory qualities and is protective against respiratory infections. Additionally, it strengthens adaptive and cellular immunity and boosts the expression of genes involved in oxidation. Experts suggested taking vitamin D supplements to avoid and treat viral infection and also COVID-19, on the other hand, since the beginning of time, the use of plants as medicines have been vital to human wellbeing. The WHO estimates that 80 % of people worldwide use plants or herbs…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Plant-Derived Antioxidants for Management of COVID-19: A Comprehensive Review of Molecular Mechanisms</strong> - We aimed to review the literature to introduce some effective plant-derived antioxidants to prevent and treat COVID-19. Natural products from plants are excellent sources to be used for such discoveries. Among different plant-derived bioactive substances, components including luteolin, quercetin, glycyrrhizin, andrographolide, patchouli alcohol, baicalin, and baicalein were investigated for several viral infections as well as SARS-COV-2. The mechanisms of effects detected for these agents were…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>SARS-CoV-2 viral persistence in lung alveolar macrophages is controlled by IFN-γ and NK cells</strong> - Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) RNA generally becomes undetectable in upper airways after a few days or weeks postinfection. Here we used a model of viral infection in macaques to address whether SARS-CoV-2 persists in the body and which mechanisms regulate its persistence. Replication-competent virus was detected in bronchioalveolar lavage (BAL) macrophages beyond 6 months postinfection. Viral propagation in BAL macrophages occurred from cell to cell and was…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A novel cell-permeable peptide prevents protein SUMOylation and supports the mislocalization and aggregation of TDP-43</strong> - SUMOylation is a post-translational modification (PTM) that exerts a regulatory role in different cellular processes, including protein localization, aggregation, and biological activities. It consists of the dynamic formation of covalent isopeptide bonds between a family member of the Small Ubiquitin Like Modifiers (SUMOs) and the target proteins. Interestingly, it is a cellular mechanism implicated in several neurodegenerative pathologies and potentially it could become a new therapeutic…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Much ado about nothing? Discrepancy between the available data on the antiviral effect of hydroxychloroquine in March 2020 and its inclusion in COVID-19 clinical trials and outpatient prescriptions</strong> - CONCLUSIONS: The number and size of (H)CQ clinical trials for COVID-19 launched in 2020 were not supported by the literature published before April 2020.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Type 1 interferon auto-antibodies are elevated in patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis</strong> - Patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis, in particular those classified as Childs-Pugh class C, are at increased risk of severe COVID-19 upon infection with SARS-CoV-2. The biological mechanisms underlying this are unknown. We aimed to examine the levels of serum intrinsic antiviral proteins as well as alterations in the innate antiviral immune response in patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis. Serum from 53 SARS-CoV-2 unexposed and unvaccinated individuals, with decompensated liver…</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-patent-search">From Patent Search</h1>
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<h1 data-aos="fade-down" id="daily-dose">Daily-Dose</h1>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" data-aos-anchor-placement="top-bottom" id="contents">Contents</h1>
<ul>
<li><a href="#from-new-yorker">From New Yorker</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-vox">From Vox</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-the-hindu-sports">From The Hindu: Sports</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-the-hindu-national-news">From The Hindu: National News</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-bbc-europe">From BBC: Europe</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-ars-technica">From Ars Technica</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-jokes-subreddit">From Jokes Subreddit</a></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-new-yorker">From New Yorker</h1>
<ul>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Donald Trump’s Sons Get Challenged on the Witness Stand</strong> - Eric and Donald, Jr., claim they had nothing to do with the fraudulent financial statements that inflated their father’s worth, but prosecutors provided evidence to the contrary. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/our-columnists/donald-trumps-sons-get-challenged-on-the-witness-stand">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Will Sam Bankman-Fried’s Guilty Verdict Change Anything?</strong> - The former C.E.O. of FTX now faces up to a hundred and ten years in prison. But, beyond resetting his personal fate, it’s not yet clear what the trial accomplished. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/our-local-correspondents/the-trials-of-sam-bankman-fried">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Not All of America’s National-Security Threats Are Overseas</strong> - Congress’s foreign-aid follies with Israel and Ukraine, and the fear of Trump in 2024. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/letter-from-bidens-washington/not-all-of-americas-national-security-threats-are-overseas">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Can Seawalls Save Us From Rising Seas and Surging Storms?</strong> - Huge coastal barriers could protect the world’s cities. But they’ll have unexpected costs. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/annals-of-a-warming-planet/can-seawalls-save-us">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>What Will It Take to Win Brooklyn’s First Majority-Asian District?</strong> - In a recently redrawn City Council district, two Chinese American candidates are both trying to claim the mantle of “public safety.” - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/our-local-correspondents/what-will-it-take-to-win-brooklyns-first-majority-asian-district">link</a></p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-vox">From Vox</h1>
<ul>
<li><strong>Killers of the Flower Moon and who gets to tell an Osage story</strong> -
<figure>
<img alt="A younger Indigenous woman in period clothing and an older white man sit side by side in a church pew." src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/HuQLXvTWZY-TqO1jbuW6Dv75GOY=/330x0:5610x3960/1310x983/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_image/image/72833413/Killers_Of_The_Flower_Moon_Photo_0104.0.jpg"/>
<figcaption>
Actor Lily Gladstone and director Martin Scorsese on the set of <em>Killers of the Flower Moon.</em> | AppleTV+
</figcaption>
</figure>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
For Indigenous people, there are few simple feelings about Scorsese’s take on the Reign of Terror.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Hfm3ZU">
Growing up, Welana Queton never talked about the <a href="https://www.vox.com/culture/23920002/killers-flower-moon-true-story-osage-murders-reign-of-terror-mollie-burkhart-what-happened">Reign of Terror</a> with outsiders. As a young girl, Queton learned about the protracted murder spree which saw the deaths of more than 60 Osage Natives between 1918 and 1931, but she says the murders were “only talked about amongst your immediate family; it never was talked about outside of those circles.” Now, in 2023, the story is being told on the widest stage possible with some of the biggest names in Hollywood.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="tVj33a">
Queton is one of many Osage citizens who worked as an extra on <em>Killers of the Flower Moon</em>. The movie raises questions about who can tell a story like this, but that doesn’t mean it’s equipped to answer them. I can imagine, for Osage people, it must feel good to have their story on film. I can imagine if someone were to make a movie about my great-great-grandfather Quanah Parker, a well-known warrior and leader of one of my tribes, the Comanches, that I’d be at least interested in seeing how that story was portrayed. I could understand how one might want the story to come out simply because it hadn’t been acknowledged for far too long.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Xxwiln">
But I’d be interested, too, in <a href="https://www.vox.com/culture/23919458/killers-flower-moon-review-martin-scorsese-leonardo-dicaprio-robert-deniro">who was telling that story</a>. As an Indigenous writer and filmmaker, I’d rather be the one to make it. In a time when Indigenous film and TV exists, when a show like <em>Reservation Dogs</em> flourishes, when the template of Indigenous creation and excellence has been achieved, the question I ask is: Why do we need another writer/director from outside of our communities to tell our stories, yet again?
</p>
<figure class="e-image">
<img alt="Four Indigenous women actors in period dress, seated on a blanket holding lace and hand-painted fans. " src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/8FnqmUyr3nfn4WD-hVu4I_GWbA4=/800x0/filters:no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/25056325/Killers_Of_The_Flower_Moon_Photo_0105.jpg"/> <cite>AppleTV+</cite>
<figcaption>
From left to right, JaNae Collins, Lily Gladstone, Cara Jade Myers, and Jillian Dion in <em>Killers of the Flower Moon</em>.
</figcaption>
</figure>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="PBqzxu">
Martin Scorsese has tried in seemingly every way to make <em>Killers of the Flower Moon</em> as sincerely and correctly as possible. He’s employed Osage people to work behind the scenes and consulted with them to ensure sensitivity and authenticity. He’s gone as far as to <a href="https://www.indiewire.com/news/breaking-news/martin-scorsese-on-changing-killers-of-the-flower-moon-script-1234865897/">rework his original script</a> to make amends for the lack of Osage centeredness.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="rnoiFn">
Sitting in a Santa Fe, New Mexico, cinema on a Friday afternoon, I watched as Scorsese (on screen) earnestly introduced his latest film, and wondered how far that intention would take us. I was surrounded by elderly anglo cineastes. As the film progressed, I heard crying from the crowd, the blowing of noses, the shock of how brutally humans can treat one another — how, in this case, the white interlopers treated the Osage. In the dark of the cinema, I heard the disgust of these descendants of colonialism, angry at their own ancestors.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="14NBIc">
But what would happen later? Would they go home to large, fancy Santa Fe houses, acquired through years of generational wealth? After they finished decrying America’s horrible past, would they drain their glasses of pinot noir and just move on? Would they remember the whole thing as a Martin Scorsese movie starring Robert De Niro and Leonardo DiCaprio, and let the particulars of Osage genocide and generational pain fall from their minds?
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="QvorNN">
<em>Killers of the Flower Moon</em>, the story of how white people murdered Osages in the 1920s for their oil-rich lands, adapted from David Grann’s book, means well. The performances are great — which is to be expected when you have such a standout cast. Lily Gladstone continues her phenomenal year after a pivotal role in <em>Reservation Dogs</em> and as the lead in the independent films <em>Fancy Dance </em>and <em>The Unknown Country</em>. Gladstone conveys a quiet grace as Mollie Burkhart, the heart and soul of the film, who slowly fades away, literally and figuratively; by the third act, she is mostly sweating, vomiting, and dying, a figure without agency, as the white people maneuver around her doing terrible deeds. DiCaprio brings a yeoman-like quality to his performance as Ernest Burkhart, the man who arrives in Osage country with designs on acquiring the abundant wealth it holds. He grunts, furrows his brow, and plays Burkhart — a man whose oft-repeated refrain is, “I love money!” — as simply as needed. De Niro is so adept at playing crooks at this point in his long and incredible career that one need not be surprised at how well he settles into the role of Burkhart’s uncle, the self-proclaimed “King of the Osage Hills,” William Hale. When Jesse Plemons arrives on screen as Bureau of Investigation agent Tom White, it’s refreshing. His is a face that can be so blank you can project just about any type of emotion onto it. By the time we see him, there has been so much death and betrayal of the Osage people that his very existence is a welcome respite.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="AiBXg2">
Osage citizen Susan Shannon remembers shooting her background scenes in June of 2021 in Pawhuska, Oklahoma. “It was just fascinating to see big-time movie making. It transformed our little town, cameras and cranes.” Like Welana Queton, she remembers being told as a kid not to disclose too much to outsiders about the Osage murders or her oil profits, known as headrights. Born in 1954, she was closer to the Osage murders than Queton, and her family was guarded about the topic more out of fear for their lives than anything else.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="jCljnw">
Shannon recalls talking with visitors to the Osage museum where she worked before retiring, discussing Osage history with visitors: “It is funny that you talk about these things and all of a sudden you’re overwhelmed.” She wasn’t a fan of Grann’s book at first, “I didn’t care for how it was written. It’s written by a white man from a white man’s point of view.” She does, however, recognize the amount of research Grann put into the book — “I had to respect that.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="VgABWT">
“This is going to hit women differently,” Queton told me. “It has to do with trauma to women, Osage women specifically.” The subject matter was familiar to Osage people, of course, but how to discuss the murders has never been agreed upon. “It was a very taboo thing to discuss. It’s never been discussed as a community, outside of your family. It is very strange that this is being exposed, it’s a very strange feeling.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="vEPM0m">
Queton believes it is a step in a positive direction. “I do think the wounds are going to be exposed, that historical trauma,” she says. “I think it’s a good thing for other Native people too, not just us.” After seeing the film, Queton recalls wailing unexpectedly from all of the unprocessed trauma, years of pent-up sadness overwhelming her.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="iDwMk5">
<em>Killers of the Flower Moon</em> is a long film — too long, really, clocking in at just slightly under three and a half hours — mostly because it has a lot to say, but also maybe because there’s too much to say. Perhaps it’s so long because these are not the people who should be saying it.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Za75rq">
Scorsese truly tried, but the reality is this is yet another film about Indigenous people, in this case, the Osage, written and directed by white people and adapted from a book written by a white man. His attempts to reframe the story are admirable, but the creators of the film can only center Osages so much, they themselves not being Osage. Besides that, Scorsese has always been drawn to gangsters and gangsterism. There’s nothing wrong with that. However, they are the main perpetrators of the carnage in Osage County, and while respect is being paid to the Osage in telling this story, it doesn’t feel like enough. It feels as though the individuals and their deaths are used to serve the story, as a way to get DiCaprio to the next scene.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="pAo9Dp">
After watching <em>Killers</em>, it seems evident to me that non-Indigenous writers and directors making films about Indigenous people are <em>still</em> primarily interested in our past, in our horrors, in our grieving, in our trauma, in perhaps the collective need to mourn. When I say collective, though, I wonder if it’s more of a need for them than us. I wonder why we can’t do this on our own terms and make films about our own histories. Perhaps after we create more cool genre films (see <a href="https://www.imdb.com/title/tt7394674/"><em>Blood Quantum</em></a><em> </em>and <a href="https://www.imdb.com/title/tt9568230/?ref_=fn_al_tt_1"><em>Night Raiders</em></a>) and build toward a better cinematic infrastructure, we could get the chance to tell these stories ourselves. Why can’t white people stay out of it and let us, as Indigenous people, work up to this on our own timeline? Spoiler alert: It’s the money. We don’t have it, they do.
</p>
<figure class="e-image">
<img alt="A number of women in formal Indigenous period dress line up outside, having their picture taken." src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/7ROaRHf40lzuoQ3xlXk4TCyGjTY=/800x0/filters:no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/25056336/Killers_Of_The_Flower_Moon_Photo_0109.jpg"/> <cite>AppleTV+</cite>
<figcaption>
Lily Gladstone as Mollie Burkhart (fifth from left) with her family on her wedding day.
</figcaption>
</figure>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Bh0wBL">
Osage artist and graphic designer Addie Roanhorse had a number of roles in the making of the film, including as film ambassador for the Osage Nation and then in the art, props, and costume departments. She was eventually offered an acting part in the film but turned it down — an artist herself, Roanhorse had already committed to the art department and wanted to keep her word. She was then asked to design a number of gorgeous film posters for <em>Killers of the Flower Moon</em>. The project has been a blessing of opportunities for Roanhorse, but it is also a mixed bag of feelings for her. She went into the process thinking she was fine, she was good, “and then it’s just these emotions just keep hitting me. It’s like I’m so happy, but I’m so gut-wrenched too. Just like, you feel so raw right now.” She has gone on to work on more sets since <em>Killers</em> wrapped. She’s found a place in the film industry and more opportunities, but it came at a cost.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="HkLVLB">
Near the end of the film, <a href="https://www.vox.com/culture/23924295/killers-flower-moon-ending-explain-scorsese">Scorsese inserts himself</a>. It’s as if he is trying his hardest, his damndest, to shape the film and story as best he can into <em>something</em>, in case you didn’t catch his sincerity the first time around. It’s impossible, though, because he’s not of the people the film is purportedly about. Many have <a href="https://www.gq.com/story/the-killers-of-the-flower-moon-ending-is-an-all-timer">praised</a> the <a href="https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2023/10/killers-of-the-flower-moon-ending">penultimate scene</a> in the film. I thought it was an exercise in buffoonery — one that changes the tone of the film considerably and leaves me thinking I simply must have missed something in the three hours and 26 minutes of story where this would have made sense. But I don’t think so. I’ll have to watch it again.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="PS3jNl">
Scorsese wants us to know he did the work, and that’s basically true. You can do all of that, though, you can do all the things: get all the permissions, have the best intentions, tell as much of the story as you possibly can, but in the end, you still have to make a good film.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="ZXXOjD">
And besides making a good film, there remains a group of people who must process their emotions and work through what <em>Killers of the Flower Moon</em> means to them, people like Addie Roanhorse: “It’s finally out, so after working on the film for seven years, getting to this point, I don’t really know how to feel. I’ve been circling my house a little bit, just processing.”
</p></li>
<li><strong>Israel hits civilian infrastructure as ceasefire calls grow</strong> -
<figure>
<img alt="A crowd of protestors gathered in the street, including several women wearing hijabs. Protestors wave Palestinian flags and “No War!” signs in the air. " src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/9iO90u4PDnhzdBvDwRH6WI_l0iQ=/282x0:4718x3327/1310x983/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_image/image/72831871/1764749948.0.jpg"/>
<figcaption>
Protestors attend a demonstration in support of Palestine in Madrid, Spain, on November 5, 2023. | Marcos del Mazo/LightRocket via Getty Images
</figcaption>
</figure>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Worldwide protests denounced Israel’s strikes on Gaza, which hit refugee camps and ambulances.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="7JhB9C">
The Israel Defense Forces have attacked multiple civilian targets in the last week — including <a href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/11/5/israel-bombs-al-maghazi-refugee-camp-killing-dozens-gaza-officials-say">refugee camps</a> and an ambulance convoy — killing <a href="https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/hamas-says-195-palestinians-killed-israeli-attacks-gazas-jabalia-2023-11-01/#:~:text=Nov%201%20(Reuters)%20%2D%20At,run%20government%20media%20office%20said.&amp;text=Some%20120%20were%20still%20missing,office%20said%20in%20a%20statement.">more than</a> <a href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2023/11/3/israel-hamas-war-live-israeli-forces-gather-outside-gaza-city">200 Palestinians</a>, according to government sources in Gaza, as Israel prosecutes its war against <a href="https://www.vox.com/politics/2023/10/10/23911661/hamas-israel-war-gaza-palestine-explainer">Hamas</a>.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="9s50Hm">
The IDF targeted <a href="https://www.reuters.com/graphics/ISRAEL-PALESTINIANS/GAZA-JABALIA/byprrdygjpe/">the Jabalia refugee camp in northern Gaza, which has a registered population of just over 116,000,</a> at least three <a href="https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/us-arab-leaders-meet-over-gaza-palestinian-deaths-mount-2023-11-03/">times in the last week</a>, as well as <a href="https://www.vox.com/palestine">Palestinian</a> Red Crescent ambulances near the al-Shifa hospital. The IDF claimed responsibility for the attacks, saying they were necessary to destroy Hamas’s tunnel-based infrastructure; this comes amid increasing calls for a ceasefire and <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2023/11/04/us/protests-israels-gaza.html">mass pro-Palestinian protests</a> in <a href="https://apnews.com/article/israel-gaza-palestinians-protests-europe-193a9aaca97df2c5c6a515f756a40a34">cities throughout the world</a>.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="veOVCH">
The <a href="https://www.wsj.com/livecoverage/israel-hamas-war-gaza-strip-2023-11-02/card/israeli-military-says-it-has-killed-10-hamas-commanders-ogZaNBAT0lzsaGqDHRnT">IDF claims it has thus far killed 10 Hamas commanders</a> responsible for attacks against Israeli troops. Hamas is responsible for the devastating October 7 attacks, which killed more than 1,400 people in Israel, mostly civilians. Hamas is still holding around 240 hostages from as many as 35 different countries, including the US, in Gaza. But the full-throated support for Israel from the international community immediately following the attacks has faded somewhat as the humanitarian crisis has grown in Gaza. Political leaders, including US President Joe Biden and Secretary of State Antony Blinken, have both called for “pauses” in the fighting to facilitate humanitarian aid deliveries and civilian evacuation in the territory. Israeli officials, including Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu, <a href="https://www.npr.org/2023/11/03/1210404916/blinken-israel-hamas-gaza-hezbollah#:~:text=Hourly%20News-,Israel%2DHamas%20war%3A%20Israel%20rejects%20US%20call%20for%20'humanitarian,and%20the%20hostages%20are%20returned.">have dismissed the calls to prioritize civilian safety</a> in their operations, saying the attacks in Gaza will continue until Hamas is defeated and the hostages are returned.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="XOsXba">
The United Nations has condemned both Hamas’s <a href="https://www.vox.com/2023/10/7/23907683/israel-hamas-war-news-updates-october-2023">October 7 attack</a> and Israeli attacks on Gaza, with the UN High Commission for Human Rights <a href="https://twitter.com/UNHumanRights/status/1719783887633527153">warning</a> that Israeli airstrikes on Jabalia “are disproportionate attacks that could amount to war crimes.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="J6ocet">
The IDF also targeted a convoy of ambulances outside the al-Shifa hospital in northern Gaza Friday, claiming that its intelligence indicated <a href="https://www.cnn.com/2023/11/03/middleeast/casualties-gazas-shifa-hospital-idf/index.html">Hamas militants were using the ambulances</a>. Israel maintains that <a href="https://www.politico.eu/article/israel-bomb-ambulance-convoy-gaza-hospital-al-shifa/">the hospital covers Hamas’s underground command center</a>, which Dr. Medhat Abbas, director general of the Gaza Health Ministry, <a href="https://www.cnn.com/2023/11/03/middleeast/casualties-gazas-shifa-hospital-idf/index.html">has denied</a>.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="WYOe71">
The <a href="https://apnews.com/article/israel-hamas-war-live-updates-11-05-2023-08a560320c5f1493fb2abc741e345e95">Bureij</a> and <a href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-67326895">al-Maghazi</a> refugee camps were also bombed, on Sunday and Saturday respectively, but the IDF has not commented on those bombings or claimed responsibility. The Bureij camp was also attacked on <a href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/11/2/gaza-authorities-say-15-killed-in-israeli-strike-on-bureij-refugee-camp">Thursday</a>.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="BDNMHo">
<strong>Global protests show growing demand for a ceasefire</strong>
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="5qwtIc">
Since the beginning of the war, <a href="https://www.france24.com/en/video/20231103-9-227-palestinians-killed-in-israeli-strikes-on-gaza-since-oct-7">Israeli strikes have killed nearly 9,500 Palestinians</a>, including almost 4,000 children, according to the Gaza Health Ministry. On Friday protesters in Washington, DC, Berlin, London, and several other major cities <a href="https://apnews.com/article/israel-gaza-palestinians-protests-europe-193a9aaca97df2c5c6a515f756a40a34">gathered to call for a ceasefire and condemn governments</a>, including the US, that provide Israel with major military support. Protesters in Washington, DC, laid out small white body bags with the names of Palestinian children killed in the airstrikes and marched <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/dc-md-va/2023/11/04/dc-palestine-protest-israel-gaza-war/">with a banner displaying the names of people killed in the airstrikes</a>.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="eYaR21">
The Washington march served as a sharp rebuke of Biden, whose polling numbers among Arab Americans have dropped precipitously since the beginning of the war, with many saying they will not vote for him a second time. An October poll from the <a href="https://www.aaiusa.org/library/arab-americans-special-poll-domestic-implications-of-the-most-recent-outbreak-of-violence-in-palestineisrael">Arab American Institute</a> shows Biden’s support among that group of voters plummeting from 59 percent in 2020 to just 17 percent. That disapproval could prove a serious barrier to Biden’s chances for reelection just a year from now; <a href="https://www.axios.com/2023/11/04/michigan-arab-american-voters-biden-israel">as Axios pointed out</a>, the Midwest, and Michigan in particular, were crucial to Biden’s 2020 win. Detroit and Dearborn, Michigan, have some of the largest Arab American populations in the country — and their fury over Biden’s support for Israel could present a serious problem for him in 2024.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="SkGIUw">
On Sunday, Blinken met with Palestinian Authority President Mahmoud Abbas, who called for an immediate ceasefire. Abbas and the Palestinian Authority nominally control the <a href="https://www.vox.com/2018/11/20/18080034/west-bank-israel-palestinians">West Bank</a>, where IDF soldiers and armed Israeli settlers have killed <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2023/10/30/world/middleeast/west-bank-settlers-palestinians-violence.html">at least 100 Palestinians</a> since October 7. The US has rejected calls for an immediate ceasefire, with Blinken saying that a ceasefire would “<a href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/11/5/israel-bombs-al-maghazi-refugee-camp-killing-dozens-gaza-officials-say">leave Hamas in place to regroup and repeat attacks</a>.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="BcUwRc">
Netanyahu <a href="https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/israels-netanyahu-says-no-gaza-ceasefire-until-hostages-returned-2023-11-05/">on Sunday</a> forcefully rejected calls for a ceasefire. “There will be no ceasefire without the return of the hostages. This should be completely removed from the lexicon,” he said at Israel’s Ramon Air Base. “We say this to our friends and to our enemies. We will simply continue until we defeat them. We have no alternative.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="wIp6nW">
Blinken and Abbas met in the occupied West Bank as part of the US push to secure increased humanitarian access for Gaza and encourage planning for the Palestinian territories’ post-conflict governance. Though neither the meeting nor Blinken’s visit to the West Bank was announced until after he had left, Palestinian protesters turned out to condemn the Biden administration’s support for Israel, <a href="https://apnews.com/article/abbas-blinken-palestinians-israel-hamas-gaza-1139f6e433fa489fbf3bc4c41bc2d52d">the Associated Press reports</a>.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="aK1YMk">
Though Israel’s ground invasion of Gaza has just started, the IDF likely has limited time to accomplish its goals of destroying Hamas’s military and governing capabilities and returning the hostages, James Jeffrey, former special envoy to the International Coalition to Defeat ISIS, <a href="https://www.vox.com/world-politics/2023/10/29/23937655/israel-ground-assault-gaza-hamas-explained">told Vox in an October interview</a>. According to Jeffrey, Israel must “really care, as a strategic military issue, [about] civilian casualties and humanitarian issues because that will determine how long you have American support. They only have so much time, even if it’s an existential battle.”
</p></li>
<li><strong>How to navigate dating when you don’t want kids</strong> -
<figure>
<img alt="An illustration in muted colors shows a couple sitting alone on a cliff’s edge, looking at the sunset." src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/MymfFPnIOUxNTHLyfRXau3wrulI=/0x0:1721x1291/1310x983/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_image/image/72830661/GettyImages_1295941292.0.jpg"/>
<figcaption>
Getty Images/fStop
</figcaption>
</figure>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
More American adults than ever say they likely won’t have kids, although we’re still a minority.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="w6u1pD">
I’m what <a href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00224545.1983.9922830">researchers</a> call an “early decider” when it comes to kids: I’m one of the lucky ones who has always known I don’t want them. The sound of a baby crying makes my muscles tense, and whenever someone passes me their toddler, I hold them out in front of me with rigid arms, unsure of <a href="https://www.vox.com/even-better/23818627/how-to-talk-to-kids-adult-conversation">what to say</a> or how to act. Compared to some childfree adults, I’m privileged to feel at peace with my decision. I’ve rarely felt pressure from my parents; they’re banking on one of my other five siblings to provide grandchildren. This freedom has instilled confidence in my dating life. Just ask any of my friends: I’m steadfast and vocal about this topic.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="ZEnRqE">
And yet. On multiple occasions, I’ve been swept up in new, intoxicating relationships with people who <em>do</em> want kids. In each situation, we’ve taken the “we’ll figure it out later” approach despite the fact that we had conversations early on (but apparently not early enough to avoid catching feelings). Spoiler alert: it has never worked. The kids versus no-kids debate is too fundamental to disagree on.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="gwgpCa">
Once unconventional, childfree lifestyles are increasingly common. According to a 2021 survey from the <a href="https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2021/11/19/growing-share-of-childless-adults-in-u-s-dont-expect-to-ever-have-children/">Pew Research Center</a>, 44 percent of non-parents ages 18 to 49 say it is not too likely or not likely at all that they will have children — a 7 percent jump from 2018 data. <a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-022-15728-z">Another 2022 Michigan-based study</a> found that one in five adults are voluntarily childfree. (“Childfree” refers to adults who do not have and do not want kids, compared to folks who are undecided or cannot have kids.)
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="3Ymbn6">
So with more and more people deciding they probably won’t ever bring a child into this world (because they don’t want to subject an innocent human to an <a href="https://www.vox.com/even-better/2023/7/11/23789940/climate-change-parenting-should-you-have-kids-elizabeth-cripps-the-gray-area">impending climate crisis</a> or they simply don’t want to raise ’em), dating as a childfree individual should be simple, right?
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="NeDREy">
Well, the majority of adults in the United States still want to become parents. And our deeply ingrained image of the traditional family structure makes things even trickier. People “express more negative emotions such as moral outrage, pity, and disgust toward childfree adults than parents,” found the <a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-022-15728-z">2022 research study</a>. Plus, this topic is one heck of a dealbreaker: “You get a job? You could always quit. You move to a new state, a new city, a new country? You could always come back. Anything can be undone, right?” says Veronica Prager of <a href="https://www.thechildfreeconnection.com/">the Childfree Connection</a>. “A child is the one thing that can’t be; it’s the biggest possible decision as far as where the trajectory of your life is going to go.” A friend of mine, Austin Martin, described this incompatibility as “when you get a snag on a shirt and then it all starts to unravel.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="p50OR9">
Add to that the fact that half of adults think dating in general feels a lot harder in the last 10 years, according to a <a href="https://www.pewresearch.org/social-trends/2020/08/20/nearly-half-of-u-s-adults-say-dating-has-gotten-harder-for-most-people-in-the-last-10-years/">2020 study from the Pew Research Center</a>, despite the abundance of options that dating apps allow us. Lace Andersen, 41, is seeking long-term partnership, so after moving to Utah, she dedicated herself to the apps for an entire year. But after a slew of bad experiences (one guy showed up drunk, another screamed at his dog for no reason, and — perhaps the biggest red flag of all — one asked her to turn on her read receipts after a 30-minute coffee date), she’s burnt out on dating.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="9qnJ4i">
When dating already feels like a chore, it’s easy to get in over your head too quickly when you find that instant connection. I know this all too well: I had been dating Liam for about a week when he popped the question. “Do you think you want children?” he asked me as we watched TV (maybe it was prompted by the emotional openness of the participants on <em>Love Is Blind</em>). “No,” I responded. He hesitated. “No, meaning you haven’t thought about it, or no, you don’t want kids?” After I expressed my disinterest in ever bearing, much less raising, a child, his disposition changed. It was the beginning of the end. But because I was selfishly looking for something casual, I told him that I wasn’t ready for it to be over. We decided to keep seeing each other, but a few weeks later, after a fun evening out, he broke things off — it had all seemed too real, the rose-tinted future of a relationship that was never going to exist.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="1K01jI">
“Within my client and social circles, I’ve witnessed a lot of hard endings of relationships because those two paths didn’t agree,” says <a href="https://www.katiemaynard.com/aboutme">Katie Maynard</a>, a licensed independent clinical social worker who works with childfree clients. So, if you’re searching for partnership, you may consider adding a bit of strategy to your dating life.
</p>
<h3 id="UmjidX">
Know what you — not your family, friends, or society — really want
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="T0jqYe">
Childfree adults usually fall into one of two camps: Early deciders, like me, who have known from a young age, and postponers, who decide over time. Prager was a postponer. “I wasn’t 100 percent sure because of pronatalist conditioning and the way society was treating me. People were telling me I was crazy and was going to regret it,” she says. “But I always knew that I wasn’t getting pulled toward motherhood and that really confused me.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="s422ib">
Jenn Shapland, queer author of the book of essays <a href="https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/714751/thin-skin-by-jenn-shapland/"><em>Thin Skin</em></a>, thought from childhood that she wanted babies. “I wanted the power and cultural sanction that accompanied pregnancy, but I also wanted my time to be my own,” she says. In grad school, she began to question her impulses after reading feminist ideas about motherhood from authors like Audre Lorde, bell hooks, and Adrienne Rich. When she got together with her current childfree partner, she finally had space to examine her own desires and to shape the life she wanted. “A baby is a great apology to the world, to your parents, for being queer,” Shapland writes in an essay titled “The Meaning of Life.” “It would be a good way to ask to be forgiven, to absolve myself of being queer and gain back some of the power and status I lose as a lesbian. Like, here, Mom, take this baby! Maybe that will make up for the rest of what you lost. Is it possible that I still hold myself to the standards of straight women, that I see myself as one deep down, or that some part of me longs to be a part of the group, even though I’m queer?”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="qAB4qX">
In her mid- to late 20s, Prager — like Shapland — focused on self-reflection. This process can be daunting, as many of us have assumed our entire lives that there are certain checkpoints to being an adult: first marriage, then a house, then babies. With so many external influences, how do you home in on your own beliefs and <a href="https://www.vox.com/even-better/23353720/figure-out-what-you-want-out-of-life-marriage-kids-homeowner-college">figure out what you want in life</a>?
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="C20LdM">
Maynard recommends considering both paths: “Spend a lot of time looking at what parenthood, especially motherhood, would be like, and then spend a lot of time looking at what it would be like to move forward,” she says. To do the work you need to ask yourself some tough questions (or work with a therapist) to deconstruct your belief systems. “What are you carrying around that isn’t serving you, that isn’t true?” Maynard asks her patients.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="fsMqhb">
After you give yourself time to process, write your new narrative for what life could look like in the future. What are your life goals? How do you want to spend your time? Keep in mind these revelations don’t need to be earth-shattering, and resist the urge to critique yourself as selfish. “A lot of people feel like, well, if I don’t have kids, I should do something meaningful with my life,” says Maynard. “We try to take all those expectations off.”
</p>
<h3 id="8Str9P">
Filter your dating pool
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="6YR3Cw">
Once you’re firm in your decision to be childfree, dating might seem easy. After all, you have a gigantic, glaringly obvious dealbreaker. Finding someone who shares that choice is the next hurdle.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="uGldNo">
Dana Cama, 32, recently entered the dating world after ending a seven-year relationship. “I would rather establish [that I don’t want kids] right from the beginning,” she says. “I don’t really want to waste my time anymore with finding something where we’re just really lusty over each other.” Cama sets her boundaries before the first date. “On the dating apps now, it asks if you want kids, which is really helpful,” she says. “So as I’m looking through profiles, I won’t even bother with somebody who says they want kids.” Andersen takes this approach a step further, not only checking the “don’t want children” box on the apps, but also writing it out on her profile. The one caveat, she says: “They never read it.”
</p>
<h3 id="aiKmYS">
Communicate your intentions upfront
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Fz4ZvI">
Not everyone pays attention when they’re swiping, so this is where some good old-fashioned in-person communication comes in handy (or at least a few in-app messages). The easiest way is to ask the question — Do you want kids? — outright. But if being direct isn’t your thing, you can bring it up in a more nuanced way. Maynard suggests a phrase like: “Since I don’t want kids, I’ll be able to do this and that.” She explains that it should be “something where you’re authentically putting it out there in the very beginning.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="E7EPmp">
Getting these tough questions out of the way at the beginning avoids conflict down the road, even if you don’t see things getting serious. “I’ve had so many people reach out to me saying, ‘I thought this would be like a light and fun thing. We didn’t want to have big discussions because we’re getting to know each other,’ right?’” says Prager. “It sounds amazing, but now he wants kids and you don’t, and it’s even more complicated because you’re in love.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="E4IWw1">
When Prager mentioned this, it felt like a personal attack. That’s how I operated in most of my relationships (and probably still operate). In my late 20s, I dated Alex for two years. Both of us knew that we were on different pages. Maybe neither of us saw it as a long-term romance, or maybe we were avoiding the obvious. Despite knowing the relationship wasn’t sustainable, we were compelled to stay together because of a magnetic chemistry. Some days, I thought, “What would having kids together look like?” but I knew I was grasping at anything to try to save what was inevitably set up to fail. One of us would have to make an ultimate sacrifice, and neither of us was willing to do it.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="55L4ri">
While I don’t regret that relationship, I’m at an age where I wouldn’t want to repeat it. But I’m also afraid of cutting off a good match before I even give them a chance. “We worry so much about that first impression,” says Maynard. “I don’t want to say anything to scare them away, so I’m just going to be kind of vague but really cute.” By taking this approach, you’re doing yourself a disservice. (And if you scare them away, good riddance.)
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="fSa0hy">
If all of this feels a bit overwhelming, keep in mind these skills come with time. “I feel a lot more comfortable now that I’m older,” says Cama. “Once you get into your 30s, it’s way easier to have those conversations,” says Maynard. “Everyone is sort of on the same page, we’ve all dated people, we’ve had serious conversations.”
</p>
<h3 id="xqXJvn">
Ask follow-up questions
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="3QeOHk">
After finding someone who agrees about being childfree, it becomes “crucial to speak to the other person about why,” says Prager. Why don’t you want kids? Digging deep into the reasons can be really enlightening and can ensure you’re on the same page. Maybe someone’s motivations are strictly financial, and this decision could change with age and a new, higher-paying position. Better to know this now than five years in. These follow-up questions will help you figure out your non-negotiables, too. Maybe you’re okay with dating someone with kids — say, a teenager — but don’t want to take on any parental duties.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="sofd3r">
Plus, follow-up questions can provide insight into how much thought someone has given it. “A lot of people are very wishy-washy about whether they want kids or not,” says Maynard. Specifically, many women I talked to said their male partners were on the fence until their relationship. (One man I talked to was ambivalent but then later said he couldn’t “imagine feeling fulfilled without children.”) When you think about it biologically, men can get away with a mere cursory thought — they don’t need to carry a baby inside them, after all — while women cannot. This topic is even more nuanced for people in queer relationships, as having kids is “an endeavor that requires planning, determination, and in most cases, a large financial investment,” writes Shapland in <em>Thin Skin.</em>
</p>
<h3 id="h32Ue3">
Accept both grief and joy as part of the process
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Dxp4u3">
Sometimes, even if you’re staying true to yourself, grief can come up in the dating process, says Maynard, whether it’s because you met a great match who wants kids, ended a relationship over opposing values, or are feeling heartbreak about “missing out” on a <a href="https://www.vox.com/the-gray-area/2023/8/22/23840152/kristen-ghodsee-everyday-utopia-the-gray-area">family</a>. If you’ve had thoughts like, “This is me being authentic. And I’m kind of sad about it,” Maynard says, “that’s totally natural and doesn’t mean anything is wrong with you.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="qNeVu6">
But childfree dating can also ease some of the pressures of dating. “If I wanted kids, dating would be horrendous because you feel like you’re running out of time,” says Andersen, adding that she’s also open to various lifestyles. “To be a parent, you’ll look for someone with a consistent job, good health insurance, all these things that you need to have to be able to take care of a family and stuff,” she says. “I can date whoever, really. There’s no limitation.”
</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-the-hindu-sports">From The Hindu: Sports</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Daily Quiz | On basketball greats</strong> - On the 162th birth anniversary of the inventor of basketball, James Naismith, here is a quiz on some of the greats in one of the world’s most popular sports</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Angelo Mathews becomes first to be ‘timed out’ in international cricket</strong> - Under the World Cup’s playing conditions, a new batter should be ready to face the ball within two minutes but Mathews was seen still fiddling with the helmet.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>BAN vs SL | Bangladesh opt to field, AQI near venue close to 400</strong> - Tanzim Hasan replaced Mustafizur Rahman in the Bangladesh playing XI as the left-arm seamer is not fit.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Keeping emotions in control important part of my game: Virat Kohli</strong> - “I have played with Rohit for a long time but I have not seen him express so much,” said Kohli.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Rohit Sharma’s attacking batting approach at top of order working well for India, says batting coach Vikram Rathour</strong> - Rohit, who has scored one century (131) and two fifties from eight matches, has been consistently giving India fluent starts and the batting coach said “it’s absolutely Rohit’s idea” to attack in the first powerplay</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-the-hindu-national-news">From The Hindu: National News</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Preserve and imbibe the rich traditions of country: Kerala Governor</strong> -</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Airbus signs contracts with Mahindra Aeroscape, 3 others for manufacturing of aircraft components</strong> - The latest contracts follow the allocation of the A320neo family cargo and bulk cargo doors manufacturing to Tata Advanced Systems earlier this year, Airbus said</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>APMSRB releases notification for walk-in recruitment for various medical posts on Nov. 9</strong> -</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Traffic curbs in &amp; around L.B. Stadium tomorrow in view of PM Modi’s visit</strong> -</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>IIT Madras opens offshore campus in Zanzibar, Tanzania</strong> - 1st batch of 35 undergraduate and 15 postgraduate students have started classes in AI and Data Science</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-bbc-europe">From BBC: Europe</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Ukraine war: Military chiefs in Kyiv under pressure over deadly Russian strike</strong> - President Zelensky demands answers after Russia hits Ukrainian soldiers said to be at an award ceremony.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Russian bombing of Kherson region at record high, says Ukraine</strong> - Shelling forces thousands to leave their homes as fighting along the front line intensifies.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Hamburg Airport hostage drama ends after 18 hours</strong> - A man who drove through a barrier and parked under a plane with his daughter in the car has been arrested.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Irish-Israeli girl feared dead ‘may be hostage’</strong> - Emily Hand’s DNA is not found among the victims killed in the Kibbutz Be’eri attack last month.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Why does France have military bases in Africa?</strong> - Upheavals in West Africa mean France can no longer take its “backyard” for granted.</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-ars-technica">From Ars Technica</h1>
<ul>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Driving the Volvo EX30, a $36K EV that prioritizes sustainability</strong> - Volvo says the EX30’s carbon footprint is 25 percent smaller than the C40 or XC40. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1981265">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Most monstrous marsquake ever reveals where it came from</strong> - A seismic event that looked like an impact, but no craters to be seen. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1981098">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>When the natural gas industry used the playbook from Big Tobacco</strong> - As early as the 1970s, research showed that gas stoves produced indoor air pollution. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1981166">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Hitting the trails with a low-priced e-mountain bike</strong> - SWFT takes its price- and corner-cutting to a bike format that skews high-end. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1968309">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>No, Okta, senior management, not an errant employee, caused you to get hacked</strong> - If a transgression by a single employee breaches your network, you’re doing it wrong. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1981227">link</a></p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-jokes-subreddit">From Jokes Subreddit</h1>
<ul>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Professor X asks a girl</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF --></p>
<div class="md">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
“What is your mutant power?” Girl replies: “I can guess how many pulls to turn a ceiling fan off on the first try!”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
She points up and says: “3 pulls”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Professor X stands up and pulls 3 times. After the third pull the fan turns off.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Professor X: “Yeah thats cool and all, but not really a super power…”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Girl: “Yeah I was jut kidding, I can heal paraplegics”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Professor X, still standing: “Oh my god”
</p>
</div>
<!-- SC_ON -->
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/ohwellthisisawkward"> /u/ohwellthisisawkward </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/17ovi6m/professor_x_asks_a_girl/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/17ovi6m/professor_x_asks_a_girl/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A guy goes with his girlfriend to stay at her parents’ house for the holidays</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF --></p>
<div class="md">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
The couple live in the city and the parents live on a farm. The boyfriend is unused to the quiet country life and after a couple of days he’s pretty bored. His girlfriend’s father comes in and says “Hey young fella if you’re looking for something to do, why not take the dogs out for a bit of hunting? There’s a shotgun behind the laundry door.” Guy comes back a couple of hours later, the father says “How was it?”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
“That was amazing! Have you got any more dogs?”
</p>
</div>
<!-- SC_ON -->
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/dbpnz"> /u/dbpnz </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/17olqyn/a_guy_goes_with_his_girlfriend_to_stay_at_her/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/17olqyn/a_guy_goes_with_his_girlfriend_to_stay_at_her/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Another joke from a really old book, updated somewhat…</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF --></p>
<div class="md">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
A college girl really wants to buy a monkey, but she knows her dad will not send the money for such a pet. So she emails her dad and asks for money to buy a bicycle.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
He sends the money, and she buys the cute little monkey. After about a week, she notices that clumps of hair are falling out of the little fellow. Unfortunately, she doesn’t have the money to take the monkey to the vet, so she does internet searches for hours, but cannot find any answers.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Finally, in desperation, she emails her father, saying, “Help! All of the hair is falling out of my monkey! Please send money!”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
And her father emails back, “Sell the goddamn bicycle!”
</p>
</div>
<!-- SC_ON -->
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/Jokeminder42"> /u/Jokeminder42 </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/17on5jn/another_joke_from_a_really_old_book_updated/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/17on5jn/another_joke_from_a_really_old_book_updated/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A couple’s young daughter went to college.</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF --></p>
<div class="md">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
After 6 months she happily let them know she was engaged to a student who is studying to be a pastor, and is bringing him home for the holidays.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
And after the introductions the father and the boy sat and the father asked: " How old are you?"
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Fiance:“19”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Father: “And where are you going to live?”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Fiance: “God will provide.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Father: “And where are you going to get money?”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Fiance: “God will provide.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Later that night the mother asked the father: “What do you think of him?”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
And the father: “He seems to be a nice guy, he thinks I am God.”
</p>
</div>
<!-- SC_ON -->
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/mosquitohater2023"> /u/mosquitohater2023 </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/17ok5qj/a_couples_young_daughter_went_to_college/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/17ok5qj/a_couples_young_daughter_went_to_college/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>My mate just watched the Chernobyl documentary and, having grown up in Ukraine in the 1980s, he was pretty mad.</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF --></p>
<div class="md">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
And I get it, too. He counted at least eight historical inaccuracies on one hand.
</p>
</div>
<!-- SC_ON -->
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/SecretGamerV_0716"> /u/SecretGamerV_0716 </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/17ocxoq/my_mate_just_watched_the_chernobyl_documentary/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/17ocxoq/my_mate_just_watched_the_chernobyl_documentary/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
</ul>
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