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<h1 data-aos="fade-down" id="covid-19-sentry">Covid-19 Sentry</h1>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" data-aos-anchor-placement="top-bottom" id="contents">Contents</h1>
<ul>
<li><a href="#from-preprints">From Preprints</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-clinical-trials">From Clinical Trials</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-pubmed">From PubMed</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-patent-search">From Patent Search</a></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-preprints">From Preprints</h1>
<ul>
<li><strong>Prioritization preferences for COVID-19 vaccination are consistent across five countries</strong> -
<div>
Vaccination against COVID-19 is making progress globally, but vaccine doses remain a rare commodity in many parts of the world. Policymakers have defined criteria to regulate who gets priority access to the vaccination, such as age, health complications, or those who hold system-relevant jobs. We explore public preferences about vaccine allocation using a survey that was fielded in five countries from September to December 2020 (Brazil, Germany, Italy, Poland, and the United States). We measure preferences using ranking and forced-choice tasks. We find that the public agrees with expert guidelines in giving priority to healthcare workers and people with medical preconditions. However, they also consider those signing up early for vaccination and citizens of the country to be more deserving of priority access to vaccination than later-comers and non-citizens. These results hold across measures, countries, and sociodemographic subgroups.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://osf.io/uvmer/" target="_blank">Prioritization preferences for COVID-19 vaccination are consistent across five countries</a>
</div></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>(PREPRINT PAPER) A Moderated Mediation Model of Self-Construal, Social Trust, and Compliance on Covid-19 Public Health Regulation: A Cross-country Analysis</strong> -
<div>
To address the global Covid-19 pandemic, governments around the world require on the collective cooperation of their citizens to comply with public health regulation. Earlier studies examined the extent to which self-construal has an impact on individual compliance to law. However, existing literature has paid little significant attention to behavioural outcome of self-construal in the pandemic context across countries and cultures. The aim of this study was;</div></li>
</ul>
<ol type="1">
<li>to determine whether interdependent self-construal predicts compliance of Covid-19 public health regulation, 2) to examine if the association was mediated by individual social trust, and 3) to test whether these associations were moderated by respondent’s country of residence (US x Indonesia). General adult respondents from US (N=231) and Indonesia (N=440) were voluntary participated in a survey measuring their trust to the government, interdependent self-construal orientation and compliance toward Covid-19 public health regulation. While our moderated mediation model involving respondent’s country residence did not support the hypothesis, the mediation analysis demonstrated significant association between interdependent self-construal and compliance via social trust. Our additional simple moderation analysis on direct effect of interdependent self-construal and compliance showed significant findings. Further, theoretical and practical implications of these findings were discussed in the following paper.
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://psyarxiv.com/hjz6n/" target="_blank">(PREPRINT PAPER) A Moderated Mediation Model of Self-Construal, Social Trust, and Compliance on Covid-19 Public Health Regulation: A Cross-country Analysis</a>
</div></li>
</ol>
<ul>
<li><strong>‘Feeling Fat’ Amid the COVID-19 Pandemic: Examining the Role of Emotion Dysregulation in the Body Displacement Hypothesis</strong> -
<div>
‘Feeling fat,’ the somatic experience of being overweight not entirely explained by objective weight, may occur due to the projection of negative affect onto the body. Individuals may manage ‘feeling fat’ via eating pathology (e.g., binge eating or dietary restriction) rather than address the source of negative affect. Thus, ‘feeling fat’ may occur in the absence of adaptive emotion regulation strategies. The COVID-19 pandemic has increased negative affect widely and may potentially contribute to the experience of ‘feeling fat’ and eating pathology among individuals with emotion dysregulation. This study examined whether emotion dysregulation moderates ‘feeling fat’s role as a mechanism underlying the relationship between COVID-19-related distress and eating pathology. This uniqueness of this model to eating pathology was investigated by comparing effects for binge eating and dietary restriction versus anxiety, depression, and problematic alcohol use. Structural equation modelling was used to analyze questionnaire data from 877 participants (77.3% women). ‘Feeling fat’ explained significant variance in the relationship between COVID-19-related distress and both binge eating and restriction. Emotion dysregulation moderated the strength of these relationships. However, ‘feeling fat’s role in the relationship between pandemic-related distress and negative psychological outcomes was not unique to eating pathology and did not vary based upon emotion dysregulation. Individuals with elevated emotion dysregulation are more likely to report eating pathology, but not other outcomes, when experiencing increased ‘feeling fat’. In contrast, ‘feeling fat’ underlies the relationship between COVID-19-related distress and transdiagnostic psychological outcomes, meaning ‘feeling fat’ should be considered a risk for psychopathology beyond eating disorders.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://psyarxiv.com/b3emr/" target="_blank">‘Feeling Fat’ Amid the COVID-19 Pandemic: Examining the Role of Emotion Dysregulation in the Body Displacement Hypothesis</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Risk perception and behaviour change after personal vaccination for COVID-19 in the USA</strong> -
<div>
Although vaccines are crucial for giving pandemic-stricken societies the confidence to return to socioeconomic normalcy, vaccination may also induce laxity in personal protective behaviours (e.g., handwashing, facemask use). We use the quasi-experimental context of the COVID-19 vaccine rollout across the United States to quantify the impact of different stages of personal vaccination on people’s risk perceptions, daily activities, and risk mitigation behaviours, which we measure in a three-wave national panel study (N wave-1 = 7,358, N wave-2 = 3,000, N wave-3 = 2,345) from March to June, 2021, and validate using vaccination, infection, and human mobility data. Socializing rebounded after only partial vaccination. After full vaccination, communal activities recovered; however, the propensity for protective behaviours declined. The effects were heterogenous depending on vaccination level, demographics, and infection history. We further use a utility theory framework to model risk-value trade-offs and risk-construction for different behaviours.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://psyarxiv.com/afyv8/" target="_blank">Risk perception and behaviour change after personal vaccination for COVID-19 in the USA</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Humoral and cellular immune memory to four COVID-19 vaccines</strong> -
<div>
Multiple COVID-19 vaccines, representing diverse vaccine platforms, successfully protect against symptomatic COVID-19 cases and deaths. Head-to-head comparisons of T cell, B cell, and antibody responses to diverse vaccines in humans are likely to be informative for understanding protective immunity against COVID-19, with particular interest in immune memory. Here, SARS-CoV-2-spike-specific immune responses to Moderna mRNA-1273, Pfizer/BioNTech BNT162b2, Janssen Ad26.COV2.S and Novavax NVX-CoV2373 were examined longitudinally for 6 months. 100% of individuals made memory CD4+ T cells, with cTfh and CD4-CTL highly represented after mRNA or NVX-CoV2373 vaccination. mRNA vaccines and Ad26.COV2.S induced comparable CD8+ T cell frequencies, though memory CD8+ T cells were only detectable in 60-67% of subjects at 6 months. Ad26.COV2.S was not the strongest immunogen by any measurement, though the Ad26.COV2.S T cell, B cell, and antibody responses were relatively stable over 6 months. A differentiating feature of Ad26.COV2.S immunization was a high frequency of CXCR3+ memory B cells. mRNA vaccinees had substantial declines in neutralizing antibodies, while memory T cells and B cells were comparatively stable over 6 months. These results of these detailed immunological evaluations may also be relevant for vaccine design insights against other pathogens.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.18.484953v1" target="_blank">Humoral and cellular immune memory to four COVID-19 vaccines</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Identification of a Novel SARS-CoV-2 Delta-Omicron Recombinant Virus in the United States</strong> -
<div>
Recombination between SARS-CoV-2 virus variants can result in different viral properties (e.g., infectiousness or pathogenicity). In this report, we describe viruses with recombinant genomes containing signature mutations from Delta and Omicron variants. These genomes are the first evidence for a Delta-Omicron hybrid Spike protein in the United States.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.19.484981v1" target="_blank">Identification of a Novel SARS-CoV-2 Delta-Omicron Recombinant Virus in the United States</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>More severe pneumonitis in children predicts the need for admission and elevation of some but not all markers of severe Covid-19.</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Unlike most other viral pneumonitis, SARS-CoV-2 often causes hyperferritinemia, elevations in D-dimer, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), transaminases, troponin, CRP, and other inflammatory markers. We questioned (1) if the severity of pneumonitis observed on lung ultrasound was associated with hospitalization and (2) could lung ultrasound be used to stratify which children needed blood tests? Methods We did a retrospective cross-sectional review of children aged between 14 days and 21 years of age being evaluated for Covid-19 in our pediatric emergency department from 30/November/2019 to 14/August/2021 who had had a point-of-care lung ultrasound. Lung ultrasounds were categorized using a 6-point ordinal scale. We used logistic regression to estimate the adjusted effect of lung ultrasound on hospital admission. We performed ordinary least square regression for the association between lung ultrasound severity and laboratory abnormalities. We adjusted these using propensity score derived inverse probability weighting to account for the non-random decision to obtain laboratory investigations. Results We identified 500 point-of-care lung ultrasounds of which 427 could be assigned a severity category. Increasing lung ultrasound severity was associated with increased hospital admission OR 1.36( 95% CI 1.08, 1.72.) Ferritin, LDH, transaminases, and D-dimer, but not CRP or troponin were significantly associated with more than moderately severe lung ultrasounds. D-Dimer, CRP, and troponin were sometimes elevated even when lung ultrasound was normal. Conclusion Severity of pneumonitis was associated with hospital admission. Ferritin, LDH, transaminases, and D-dimer were increased in more than moderately severe pneumonitis but lung ultrasound did not predict elevation of other markers.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.19.22272644v1" target="_blank">More severe pneumonitis in children predicts the need for admission and elevation of some but not all markers of severe Covid-19.</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Evaluation of the Panbio™ COVID-19 Antigen Rapid Diagnostic Test in subjects infected with Omicron using different specimens</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Community testing is a crucial tool for the early identification of SARS-CoV-2 infection and transmission control. The emergence of the highly mutated Omicron variant (B.1.1.259) raised concerns about its primary site of replication, impacting sample collection, and its detectability by rapid antigens tests. We tested the Antigen Rapid Diagnostic Test (Ag-RDT) performance using nasal, oral, and saliva specimens for COVID-19 diagnosis in 192 symptomatic individuals, using RT-qPCR from nasopharyngeal samples as control. Variant of Concern (VOC) investigation was determined by the 4Plex SARS-CoV-2 screening kit. SARS-CoV-2 positivity rate was 66.2%, with 99% of the positive samples showing an amplification profile consistent with that of the Omicron variant. Nasal Ag-RDT showed higher sensitivity (89%) than oral (12.6%) and saliva (22.1%) Ag-RDTs. Our data showed the good performance of the Ag-RDT in a pandemic scenario dominated by the Omicron VOC. Furthermore, our data also demonstrated that nasal specimens perform better than oral and saliva ones for Omicron Ag-RDT detection.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.19.22272637v1" target="_blank">Evaluation of the Panbio™ COVID-19 Antigen Rapid Diagnostic Test in subjects infected with Omicron using different specimens</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Genomic Epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 in Seychelles, 2020-2021</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
By 31st December 2021, Seychelles, an archipelago of 115 islands in the Indian Ocean, had confirmed 24,788 cases of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The first SARS-CoV-2 cases in Seychelles were reported on 14th March 2020, but cases remained low until January 2021, when a surge of SARS-CoV-2 cases was observed on the islands. Here, we investigated the potential drivers of the surge by genomic analysis 1,056 SARS-CoV-2 positive samples collected in Seychelles between 14th March 2020 and 31st December 2021. The Seychelles genomes were classified into 32 Pango lineages, 1,042 of which fell within four variants of concern i.e., Alpha, Beta, Delta and Omicron. Sporadic of SARS-CoV-2 detected in Seychelles in 2020 were mainly of lineage B.1 (Europe origin) but this lineage was rapidly replaced by Beta variant starting January 2021, and which was also subsequently replaced by the Delta variant in May 2021 that dominated till November 2021 when Omicron cases were identified. Using ancestral state reconstruction approach, we estimated at least 78 independent SARS-CoV-2 introduction events into Seychelles during the study period. Majority of viral introductions into Seychelles occurred in 2021, despite substantial COVID-19 restrictions in place during this period. We conclude that the surge of SARS-CoV-2 cases in Seychelles in January 2021 was primarily due to introduction of the more transmissible SARS-CoV-2 variants into the islands.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article- html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.18.22272503v1" target="_blank">Genomic Epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 in Seychelles, 2020-2021</a>
</div></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Use of an extended KDIGO definition to diagnose acute kidney injury in patients with COVID-19: A multinational study of the ISARIC cohort</strong> -
<div>
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Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is one of the most common and significant problems in patients with COVID-19. However, little is known about the incidence and impact of AKI occurring in the community or early in the hospital admission. The traditional KDIGO definition can fail to identify patients for whom hospitalization coincides with recovery of AKI as manifested by a decrease in serum creatinine (sCr). We hypothesized that an extended KDIGO definition, adapted from the International Society of Nephrology 0by25 studies, would identify more cases of AKI in patients with COVID-19 and that these may correspond to community-acquired AKI with similarly poor outcomes as previously reported in this population.   Methods and Findings: All individuals in the ISARIC cohort admitted to hospital with SARS-CoV-2 infection from February 15th, 2020, to February 1st, 2021, were included in the study. Data was collected and analysed for the duration of a patient’s admission. Incidence, staging and timing of AKI were evaluated using a traditional and extended KDIGO (eKDIGO) definition which incorporated a commensurate decrease in serum creatinine. Patients within eKDIGO diagnosed with AKI by a decrease in sCr were labelled as deKDIGO. Clinical characteristic and outcomes – intensive care unit (ICU) admission, invasive mechanical ventilation and in-hospital death</p></div></li>
<li>were compared for all three groups of patients. The relationship between eKDIGO AKI and in-hospital death was assessed using survival curves and logistic regression, adjusting for disease severity and AKI susceptibility. 75,670 patients from 54 countries were included in the final analysis cohort. Median length of admission was 12 days (IQR 7, 20). There were twice as many patients with AKI identified by eKDIGO than KDIGO (31.7 vs 16.8%). Those in the eKDIGO group had a greater proportion of stage 1 AKI (58% vs 36% in KDIGO patients). Peak AKI occurred early in the admission more frequently among eKDIGO than KDIGO patients. Compared to those without AKI, patients in the eKDIGO group had worse renal function on admission, more in-hospital complications, higher rates of ICU admission (54% vs 23%) invasive ventilation (45% vs 15%) and increased mortality (38% vs 19%). Patients in the eKDIGO group had a higher risk of in- hospital death than those without AKI (adjusted OR: 1.78, 95% confidence interval: 1.71-1.8, p-value &lt; 0.001).  Mortality and rate of ICU admission were lower among deKDIGO than KDIGO patients (25% vs 50% death and 35% vs 70% ICU admission) but significantly higher when compared to patients with no AKI (25% vs 19% death and 35% vs 23% ICU admission) (all p values &lt; 5x10-5). Limitations include ad hoc sCr sampling, exclusion of patients with less than two sCr measurements, and limited availability of sCr measurements prior to initiation of acute dialysis.   Conclusions: The use of an extended KDIGO definition to diagnose AKI in this population resulted in a significantly higher incidence rate compared to traditional KDIGO criteria. These additional cases of AKI appear to be occurring in the community or early in the hospital admission and are associated with worse outcomes than those without AKI.
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"></p>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.18.22272601v1" target="_blank">Use of an extended KDIGO definition to diagnose acute kidney injury in patients with COVID-19: A multinational study of the ISARIC cohort</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>A 16-Month Longitudinal Investigation of Risk and Protective Factors for Mental Health Outcomes Throughout Three National Lockdowns and a Mass Vaccination Campaign: Evidence from a Weighted Israeli Sample During COVID-19</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Background. The COVID-19 pandemic is an ongoing global crisis, with a multitude of factors that affect mental health worldwide. Here, we explore potential predictors for the emergence and maintenance of depression, anxiety, and posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) in the general population in Israel. Methods. Across the span of 16 months, 2,478 people completed a repeated self-report survey which inquired psychiatric symptoms and pandemic related stress factors (PRSF). PRSF were divided into four clusters of environmental stressors: financial, health-related, fatigue and sense of protection by authorities. We applied mixed-effects linear models to assess how each stressor contributes to depression, anxiety and PTSS at each time point, alongside a longitudinal exploration among participants who completed at least two consecutive surveys (n=400). Results. Fatigue was the strongest predictor for depression, anxiety and PTSS at all time points (standardized β between 0.28-0.60, p&lt;.0001), and predicted deterioration overtime (β between 0.22-0.36, p&lt;.0001). Financial concerns associated with depression and anxiety at all time points (β between 0.13-0.26, p&lt;.01), and with their deterioration overtime (β between 0.16-0.18, p&lt;.0001), while health related concerns were uniquely associated with anxiety and PTSS at all time points (β between 0.14-0.29, p&lt;.01) and their deterioration (β between 0.11-0.16, p&lt;.001), but not with depression. Improvement in sense of protection overtime associated with decrease in depression and anxiety (β between -0.09 to -0.16, p&lt;.01). Conclusions. Our findings accentuate the multitude of risk factors for psychiatric morbidity during COVID-19, and the dynamics in their association with different aspects of psychopathology at various time points.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.18.22272624v1" target="_blank">A 16-Month Longitudinal Investigation of Risk and Protective Factors for Mental Health Outcomes Throughout Three National Lockdowns and a Mass Vaccination Campaign: Evidence from a Weighted Israeli Sample During COVID-19</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>The outcome of Gynecologic Cancer Patients With The Covid-19 Infection: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Objective: Cancer is comorbidity, which can lead to progressive worsening of Covid-19 with increased mortality. This is a systematic review and meta-analysis to get evidence of adverse outcomes of Covid-19 in gynecologic cancer. Methods: Searches through PubMed, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, and medRxiv to find articles on the outcome of gynecologic cancer with Covid-19 (24 July 2021-19 February 2022). Newcastle-Ottawa Scale tool used to evaluate the quality of included studies. Pooled odds ratio (OR), 95% confidence interval (CI), random-effects model were presented. This study registered to PROSPERO (CRD42021256557). Results: We accepted 49 studies with (1994 gynecologic cancer with Covid-19). Covid-19 infection was lower in gynecologic cancer vs hematologic cancer (OR 0.71, CI 0.56-0.89, p 0.003). Severe Covid and death were lower in gynecologic cancer vs lung and hematologic cancer (OR 0.36, CI 0.16-0.80, p 0.01), (OR 0.26, CI 0.10-0.67 p 0.005), (OR 0.52, CI 0.43-0.63, p &lt;0.0001), (OR 0.65, CI 0.49-0.87, p 0.003) respectively. Increased Covid death is seen in gynecologic cancer vs breast, non-covid cancer, and non cancer covid (OR 1.51, CI 1.20-1.90, p 0.0004), (OR 12.21, CI 8.39- 17.77, p &lt;0.0001), (OR 3.06, CI 2.32-4.04, p &lt;0.0001) respectively. Conclusion: Gynecologic cancer had increased Covid-19 adverse outcomes compared to non-cancer, breast cancer, non- metastatic, and Covid-19 negative population. Gynecologic cancer had lowered Covid-19 adverse outcomes compared to other cancer types, lung cancer, and hematologic cancer. Lack of age and comorbidities stratification due to limited data were limitations. These findings may aid health policies and services during the ongoing global pandemic.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.20.22272676v1" target="_blank">The outcome of Gynecologic Cancer Patients With The Covid-19 Infection: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis</a>
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<li><strong>Robust and durable prophylactic protection conferred by RNA interference in preclinical models of SARS-CoV-2</strong> -
<div>
RNA interference is a natural antiviral mechanism that could be harnessed to combat SARS-CoV-2 infection by targeting and destroying the viral genome. We screened lipophilic small-interfering RNA (siRNA) conjugates targeting highly conserved regions of the SARS-CoV-2 genome and identified leads targeting outside of the spike-encoding region capable of achieving [≥]3-log viral reduction. Serial passaging studies demonstrated that a two-siRNA combination prevented development of resistance compared to a single-siRNA approach. A two-siRNA combination delivered intranasally protected Syrian hamsters from weight loss and lung pathology by viral infection upon prophylactic administration but not following onset of infection. Together, the data support potential utility of RNAi as a prophylactic approach to limit SARS-CoV-2 infection that may help combat emergent variants, complement existing interventions, or protect populations where vaccines are less effective. Most importantly, this strategy has implications for developing medicines that may be valuable in protecting against future coronavirus pandemics.
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<div class="article-link article-html- link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.20.485044v1" target="_blank">Robust and durable prophylactic protection conferred by RNA interference in preclinical models of SARS-CoV-2</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Stability and expression of SARS-CoV-2 spike-protein mutations</strong> -
<div>
Protein fold stability likely plays a role in SARS-CoV-2 S-protein evolution, together with ACE2 binding and antibody evasion. While few thermodynamic stability data are available for S-protein mutants, many systematic experimental data exist for their expression. In this paper, we explore whether such expression levels relate to the thermodynamic stability of the mutants. We studied mutation-induced SARS-CoV-2 S-protein fold stability, as computed by three very distinct methods and eight different protein structures to account for method- and structure-dependencies. For all methods and structures used (24 comparisons), computed stability changes correlate significantly (99% confidence level) with experimental yeast expression from the literature, such that higher expression is associated with relatively higher fold stability. Also significant, albeit weaker, correlations were seen for ACE2 binding. The effect of thermodynamic fold stability may be direct or a correlate of amino acid or site properties, notably the solvent exposure of the site. Correlation between computed stability and experimental expression and ACE2 binding suggests that functional properties of the SARS-CoV-2 S-protein mutant space are largely determined by a few simple features, due to underlying correlations. Our study lends promise to the development of computational tools that may ideally aid in understanding and predicting SARS-CoV-2 S-protein evolution.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.21.485157v1" target="_blank">Stability and expression of SARS-CoV-2 spike-protein mutations</a>
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<li><strong>15-month follow-up of anti-spike receptor binding domain (RBD) SARS-CoV-2 antibodies among healthcare workers in Boston, MA</strong> -
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Over 15-months we found that anti-spike RBD SARS-CoV-2 antibody concentrations follow different trends with combinations and permutations of COVID-19 infection and vaccination among healthcare workers in Boston, MA. A majority of HCWs remain well above the positivity threshold for anti-spike RBD IgG antibodies for at least 9 months following vaccination regardless of infection history. Of interest, those with COVID-19 infection before vaccination had significantly higher median serum antibody concentrations in comparison to HCWs with no prior infection at each follow- up timepoint. These findings further support what is known regarding the decline in serum antibody concentrations following natural infection and vaccination, adding knowledge of serum antibodies up to 15 months post infection and 11 months post vaccination.
</p>
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<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.18.22272553v1" target="_blank">15-month follow-up of anti-spike receptor binding domain (RBD) SARS-CoV-2 antibodies among healthcare workers in Boston, MA</a>
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</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-clinical-trials">From Clinical Trials</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Effect of Bronchipret on Antiviral Immune Response in Patients With Mild COVID-19</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Drug: Bronchipret<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   Dr. Frank Behrens;   Bionorica SE<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Evaluating Public Health Interventions to Improve COVID-19 Testing Among Underserved Populations</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Behavioral: Public Health Intervention Package<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   Kathleen Fairfield;   MaineHealth<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>COVID-19 Serologic Strategies for Skilled Nursing Facilities</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Other: Cohorting<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   NYU Langone Health;   Brown University;   National Institute on Aging (NIA)<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Safety, Tolerability and Immunogenicity of Recombinant COVID-19 Vaccine Betuvax-CoV-2</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Biological: Betuvax-CoV-2;   Drug: Placebo<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   Human Stem Cell Institute, Russia;   Betuvax LLC;   CEG BIO LLC<br/><b>Active, not recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>COVID-19 Volumetric Quantification on Computer Tomography Using Computer Aided Diagnostics</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Diagnostic Test: CAD analysis<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:  <br/>
Bogdan Bercean;   Pius Brinzeu Timisoara County Emergency Hospital<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Pulmonary and Extrapulmonary Impacts of COVID-19 on Young Adults</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   Post COVID-19<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Other: Evaluation of Pulmonary and Extrapulmonary Impacts of COVID-19 on Young Adults<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Istanbul Arel University<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>COVID-19 Variant Immunologic Landscape Trial (COVAIL Trial)</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Biological: mRNA-1273;   Biological: mRNA-1273.351;   Other: Sodium Chloride, 0.9%<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Early High-Titre Convalescent Plasma in Clinically Vulnerable Individuals With Mild COVID-19</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Biological: COVID-19 convalescent and vaccinated plasma;   Other: Current standard of care<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Besancon;   Deutsches Rotes Kreuz DRK-Blutspendedienst Baden-Wurttemberg-Hessen;   NHS Blood and Transplant<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Efficacy of TCM Capsules Lian Hua Qing Wen Jiao Nang in Mild COVID-19 Patients</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Other: TCM intervention;   Other: Placebo intervention<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Singapore Chung Hwa Medical Institution<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Trial to Study the Efficacy and Safety of BEJO Red Ginger in COVID-19 Patients With Mild Symptoms</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Dietary Supplement: BEJO Red Ginger Extract;   Other: Placebo<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   Research Center for Chemistry, National Research and Innovation Agency of Indonesia;   National Research and Innovation Agency of Indonesia;   RSDC Wisma Atlet;   PT. Bintang Toedjoe<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Safety and Pharmacokinetics of FBR-002 for the Treatment of Patients Hospitalized With COVID-19 in Need of Supplemental Oxygen and at Risk of Severe Outcome</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Drug: FBR-002;   Drug: Placebo<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:  <br/>
Fab’entech<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A Community-based Study of Spikogen®, a Protein-subunit Covid-19 Vaccine</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Biological: Advax-CpG55.2 adjuvanted recombinant spike protein<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   Professor Nikolai Petrovsky;   Australian Respiratory and Sleep Medicine Institute;   Tasmanian Eye Institute<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">**Safety and Immune Response of Adjuvanted SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) Beta Variant RBD Recombinant Protein (DoCo-Pro-RBD-1</li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">MF59®) and mRNA (MIPSCo-mRNA-RBD-1) Vaccines in Healthy Adults** - <b>Condition</b>:   SARS-CoV-2<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Biological: Adjuvanted SARS-CoV-2 beta variant RBD recombinant protein vaccine (DoCo-Pro-RBD-1 + MF59);   Biological: SARS-CoV-2 beta variant RBD mRNA vaccine;   Other: Normal Saline<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   University of Melbourne;   Southern Star Research<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>COVID-19 Hyper Coagulability Care by LLLT</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19 Pneumonia<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Radiation: Low level laser Therapy;   Other: Circulatory exercises<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Cairo University<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>PROSPECTIVE OPEN LABEL CLINICAL TRIAL TO ADMINISTER A BOOSTER DOSE OF PFIZER/BIONTECH OR MODERNA COVID-19 VACCINE IN HIGH-RISK INDIVIDUALS</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>:   SARS CoV 2 Infection;   COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:  <br/>
Biological: Pfizer/BioNTech (BNT162b2);   Biological: Moderna<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:  <br/>
DHR Health Institute for Research and Development<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-pubmed">From PubMed</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Molnupiravir: a lethal mutagenic drug against rapidly mutating SARS-CoV-2 - A narrative review</strong> - Broad-spectrum antiviral agents targeting viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) are expected to be a key therapeutic strategy in the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and its future variants of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the virus that causes COVID-19. Molnupiravir is a nucleoside analog that in vivo experiments have been reported to inhibit the replication of SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19. Clinical trials of molnupiravir as…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Efficacy and Safety of Ivermectin and Hydroxychloroquine in Patients with Severe COVID-19: A Randomized Controlled Trial</strong> - During the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic, unauthorized drugs were widely used. Ivermectin and hydroxychloroquine are drugs that inhibit viral replication in vitro and that have been used in several medical centers. This clinical trial analyzes their efficacy in hospitalized patients with moderate COVID-19. Methods: This a controlled, clinical, randomized, double-blind trial that included hospitalized patients with COVID-19-induced pneumonia, without severe respiratory failure. Patients…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Characterization, molecular modeling and pharmacology of some 2-hydroxychalcone derivatives as SARS-CoV-2 inhibitor</strong> - This work presented the microwave assisted synthesis of six new 2́-hydroxychalcones and their characterization based on FTIR, UV-Vis, ¹H-NMR, and mass spectral analysis. Quantum chemical studies confirmed the structures of prepared chalcones. Antioxidant, in vitro antimicrobial and in silico antiviral studies have been performed to evaluate their biological performance. Results of molecular docking of prepared 2́-hydroxychalcones against SARS-CoV-2 (7BQY) main protease disclosed their inhibition…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>3D-printed graphene polylactic acid devices resistant to SARS-CoV-2: Sunlight-mediated sterilization of additive manufactured objects</strong> - Additive manufacturing has played a crucial role in the COVID-19 global emergency allowing for rapid production of medical devices, indispensable tools for hospitals, or personal protection equipment. However, medical devices, especially in nosocomial environments, represent high touch surfaces prone to viral infection and currently used filaments for 3D printing can’t inhibit transmission of virus [1]. Graphene-family materials are capable of reinforcing mechanical, optical and thermal…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Parsing the role of NSP1 in SARS-CoV-2 infection</strong> - Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the cause of the ongoing coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic. Despite its urgency, we still do not fully understand the molecular basis of SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis and its ability to antagonize innate immune responses. SARS-CoV-2 leads to shutoff of cellular protein synthesis and over-expression of nsp1, a central shutoff factor in coronaviruses, inhibits cellular gene translation. However, the diverse molecular mechanisms…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Discovery and functional interrogation of SARS-CoV-2 protein-RNA interactions</strong> - The COVID-19 pandemic is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). The betacoronvirus has a positive sense RNA genome which encodes for several RNA binding proteins. Here, we use enhanced crosslinking and immunoprecipitation to investigate SARS-CoV-2 protein interactions with viral and host RNAs in authentic virus-infected cells. SARS-CoV-2 proteins, NSP8, NSP12, and nucleocapsid display distinct preferences to specific regions in the RNA viral genome, providing…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Accelerating PERx Reaction Enables Covalent Nanobodies for Potent Neutralization of SARS-Cov-2 and Variants</strong> - The long-lasting COVID-19 pandemic and increasing SARS-CoV-2 variants demand effective drugs for prophylactics and treatment. Protein-based biologics offer high specificity yet their noncovalent interactions often lead to drug dissociation and incomplete inhibition. Here we developed covalent nanobodies capable of binding with SARS-CoV-2 spike protein irreversibly via proximity-enabled reactive therapeutic (PERx) mechanism. A novel latent bioreactive amino acid FFY was designed and genetically…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Allosteric binders of ACE2 are promising anti-SARS-CoV-2 agents</strong> - The COVID-19 pandemic has had enormous health, economic, and social consequences. Vaccines have been successful in reducing rates of infection and hospitalization, but there is still a need for an acute treatment for the disease. We investigate whether compounds that bind the human ACE2 protein can interrupt SARS-CoV-2 replication without damaging ACE2’s natural enzymatic function. Initial compounds were screened for binding to ACE2 but little interruption of ACE2 enzymatic activity. This set…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Targeting an evolutionarily conserved “E-L-L” motif in the spike protein to develop a small molecule fusion inhibitor against SARS-CoV-2</strong> - As newer variants of SARS-CoV-2 continue to pose major threats to global human health and economy, identifying novel druggable antiviral targets is the key towards sustenance. Here, we identify an evolutionary conserved E-L-L motif present within the HR2 domain of all human and non-human coronavirus spike (S) proteins that play a crucial role in stabilizing the post-fusion six-helix bundle (6-HB) structure and thus, fusion-mediated viral entry. Mutations within this motif reduce the fusogenicity…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Immunization with recombinant accessory protein-deficient SARS-CoV-2 protects against lethal challenge and viral transmission</strong> - Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has led to a worldwide Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Despite high efficacy of the authorized vaccines, protection against the surging variants of concern (VoC) was less robust. Live-attenuated vaccines (LAV) have been shown to elicit robust and long-term protection by induction of host innate and adaptive immune responses. We sought to develop a COVID-19 LAV by generating 3 double open reading frame (ORF)-deficient…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Effect of insilico predicted and designed potential siRNAs on inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 in HEK-293 cells</strong> - CONCLUSION: The data generated from this study indicates the significance of in silico prediction and narrow down the potential siRNA’ against SARS-CoV-2, and molecular docking investigation offered the effective siRNAs binding with the target. Finally, it is concluded that the online bioinformatics approach provided the prediction and selection of siRNAs with better antiviral efficacy. The siRNA-3 was observed to be the best for reduction of viral RNA in cells.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Incidence and risk factors for hyperkalaemia in patients treated for COVID-19 with nafamostat mesylate</strong> - WHAT IS KNOWN AND OBJECTIVE: Nafamostat mesylate (NM) is used clinically in combination with antiviral drugs to treat coronavirus disease (COVID-19). One of the adverse events of NM is hyperkalaemia due to inhibition of the amiloride- sensitive sodium channels (ENaC). The incidence and risk factors for hyperkalaemia due to NM have been studied in patients with pancreatitis but not in COVID-19. COVID-19 can be associated with hypokalaemia or hyperkalaemia, and SARS- CoV-2 is thought to inhibit…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Influence of psychiatric diseases and psychiatric medication to the severity of clinical outcome of COVID-19</strong> - Initially, it had been assumed that in cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection comorbidity with psychiatric disorders worsens clinical outcomes. This was attributed to patients’ poor overall health conditions, concomitant illnesses and unhealthy lifestyles. However, only schizophrenia is in a statistically significant correlation with very serious conditions leading to death, possibly as a result of underlying immune dysfunctions. Clozapine (an antipsychotic used in therapy of treatment resistant…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Reduced DMPC and PMPC in lung surfactant promote SARS-CoV-2 infection in obesity</strong> - CONCLUSIONS: The reduced DMPC and PMPC in lung surfactant may promote SARS-CoV-2 infection. Increasing DMPC and PMPC in lung surfactant could be an innovative strategy for preventing and treating severe COVID-19 disease in obesity.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Specific Flavonoids and Their Biosynthetic Pathway in <em>Scutellaria baicalensis</em></strong> - Scutellaria baicalensis, is one of the most traditional medicinal plants in the Lamiaceae family, and has been widely used to treat liver and lung complaints and as a complementary cancer treatment in traditional Chinese medicine. The preparation from its roots, called “Huang Qin,” is rich in specialized flavones such as baicalein, wogonin, and their glycosides which lack a 4’-hydroxyl group on the B ring (4’-deoxyflavones), with anti-tumor, antioxidant, and antiviral activities. Baicalein has…</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-patent-search">From Patent Search</h1>
<ul>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>MACHINE LEARNING TECHNIQUE TO ANALYZE THE WORK PRESSURE OF PARAMEDICAL STAFF DURING COVID 19</strong> - Machine learning technique to analyse the work pressure of paramedical staff during covid 19 is the proposed invention that focuses on identifying the stress levels of paramedical staff. The invention focuses on analysing the level of stress that is induced on the paramedical staff especially during pandemic. - <a href="https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=IN353347401">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>CBD Covid 19 Protection</strong> - - <a href="https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=AU353359094">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR IMPLEMENTING IMPROVED GENERALIZED FUZZY PEER GROUP WITH MODIFIED TRILATERAL FILTER TO REMOVE MIXED IMPULSE AND ADAPTIVE WHITE GAUSSIAN NOISE FROM COLOR IMAGES</strong> - ABSTRACTMETHOD AND SYSTEM FOR IMPLEMENTING IMPROVED GENERALIZED FUZZY PEER GROUP WITH MODIFIED TRILATERAL FILTER TO REMOVE MIXED IMPULSE AND ADAPTIVE WHITE GAUSSIAN NOISE FROM COLOR IMAGESThe present invention provides a new approach is proposed that includes fuzzy-based approach and similarity function for filtering the mixed noise. In a peer group, the similarity function was adaptive to edge information and local noise level, which was utilized for detecting the similarity among pixels. In addition, a new filtering method Modified Trilateral Filter (MTF) with Improved Generalized Fuzzy Peer Group (IGFPG) is proposed to remove mixed impulse and Adaptive White Gaussian Noise from Color Images. The modified trilateral filter includes Kikuchi algorithm and loopy belief propagation to solve the inference issues on the basis of passing local message. In this research work, the images were collected from KODAK dataset and a few real time multimedia images like Lena were also used for testing the effectiveness of the proposed methodology. - <a href="https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=IN351884428">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A STUDY ON MENTAL HEALTH, STRESS AND ANXIETY AMONG COLLEGE STUDENTS DURING COVID-19</strong> - SARS-Cov-2 virus causes an infectious disease coronavirus(COVID-19).The Students life is made harder by COVID-19.The human reaction that happens normally to everyone through physical or emotional tension is stress. Feeling of angry, nervous and frustration caused through any thought or events leads to stress. As college closures and cancelled events, students are missing out on some of the biggest moments of their young lives as well as everyday moments like chatting with friend, participating in class and cultural programme. For students facing life changes due to the outbreak are feeling anxious, isolated and disappointed which lead them to feel all alone. We like to take the help of expert adolescent psychologist to find out the techniques to practice self-care and look after their mental health. We would like to find out whether techniques used reduce the anxiety and stress among Engineering Students. - <a href="https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=IN351884923">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A METHOD FOR THE TREATMENT OF COVID-19 INFECTIONS WITH PALMITOYLETHANOLAMIDE</strong> - - <a href="https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=AU351870997">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>CONNECTING A TUTOR WITH A STUDENT</strong> - A system and a method for connecting a tutor with a student in real time. Initially, the system receives a student profile. Further, the system receives a question from the student. Furthermore, the system synthesizes the question based on a set of predefined machine learning model. Subsequently, the system determines a cohort of the students from the set of the cohort of the students. The cohort of the students is determined based on the one or more parameters related to the question. Further, the system identifies a tutor assigned to the cohort of the students. Subsequently, the system notifies the tutor in real time. Further, the system receives an acknowledgement from the tutor within a predefined time. Finally, the system connects the tutor with the student in real time when the acknowledgement is the positive acknowledgement. - <a href="https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=IN352550208">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A CENTRAL TRANSACTION AUTHENTIC SYSTEM FOR OTP VERIFICATION</strong> - The present invention relates to a central transaction authentic system (100) for OTP verification. The system (100) comprises one or more user display units (102), one or more financial units (104), an account deposit unit (106), an OTP authentication unit (108) and a service server unit (110). The central transaction authentic system (100) for OTP verification work as Anti-money laundering measure. The system (100) also helpful for minimizing rate of cybercrime. The central transaction authentic system (100) for OTP verification that can neutralize digital financial fraud. The present invention provides a central transaction authentic system (100) for OTP verification that can monitor and analyze every transaction and customer interaction across its customer base for suspicious and potentially criminal activity. - <a href="https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=IN350377210">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>FORMULATIONS AND METHOD FOR PREPARATION OF HERBAL MEDICATED TRANSPARENT SOAP</strong> - ABSTRACTFORMULATIONS AND METHOD FOR PREPARATION OF HERBAL MEDICATED TRANSPARENT SOAPThe present invention provides formulations for herbal medicated transparent soaps and method of preparation of the same. Transparent soaps are prepared by saponification of mixture of non-edible oils to get the desired consistency and cleaning action. Nonvolatile alcohols and other transparency promoters are used to get good transparency and binding properties. Herbal extracts of different herbs are added to get medicated properties. - <a href="https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=IN350377796">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>POOL CAMPUS PLACEMENT INTERACTIVE APP FOR INDUSTRY ACADEMIA</strong> - In recent days students complete the studies through online and find difficult in getting placement. Since the COVID has stopped the Industries/Companies to conduct campus interview and direct recruitment throughout India. This leads to huge unemployment and companies lack in finding the correct person for their job. To overcome this issue it is proposed to develop an application where recruiters can easily conduct their recruitment process. This app integrates the student’s database and the Industry/company database. This model helps the recruiter to choose the eligible student from the huge database instead of a group of students from a particular University/college. There are many benefits like faster recruitment process, many students finding their dream job, HR process the interview from the remote location, entire process is in online, no need to travel and accommodate a place for rent. The entire process is recorded and saved as a report, this ensures 100 % genuine and no space for malpractice. - <a href="https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=IN352549250">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>SOCIAL NAVIGATION SYSTEM FOR MOBILE ROBOTS IN THE EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT TECHNOLOGY</strong> - The emergency department (ED) is a safety-critical environment in which healthcare workers (HCWs) are overburdened, overworked, and have limited resources, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. One way to address this problem is to explore the use of robots that can support clinical teams, e.g., to deliver materials or restock supplies. However, due to EDs being overcrowded, and the cognitive overload HCWs experience, robots need to understand various levels of patient acuity so they avoid disrupting care delivery. In this invention, we introduce the Safety-Critical Deep Q-Network (SafeDQN) system, a new acuity-aware navigation system for mobile robots. SafeDQN is based on two insights about care in EDs: high-acuity patients tend to have more HCWs in attendance and those HCWs tend to move more quickly. We compared SafeDQN to three classic navigation methods, and show that it generates the safest, quickest path for mobile robots when navigating in a simulated ED environment. We hope this work encourages future exploration of social robots that work in safety-critical, human-centered environments, and ultimately help to improve patient outcomes and save lives. Figure 1. - <a href="https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=IN349443355">link</a></p></li>
</ul>
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<h1 data-aos="fade-down" id="daily-dose">Daily-Dose</h1>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" data-aos-anchor-placement="top-bottom" id="contents">Contents</h1>
<ul>
<li><a href="#from-new-yorker">From New Yorker</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-vox">From Vox</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-the-hindu-sports">From The Hindu: Sports</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-the-hindu-national-news">From The Hindu: National News</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-bbc-europe">From BBC: Europe</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-ars-technica">From Ars Technica</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-jokes-subreddit">From Jokes Subreddit</a></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-new-yorker">From New Yorker</h1>
<ul>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>The Complexities of the Ukraine Dilemma</strong> - The aid offered by the West may help, but it cannot relieve Volodymyr Zelensky of the terrible predicaments he must manage in the weeks ahead. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2022/03/28/the-complexities-of-the-ukraine-dilemma">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Radio Ukraine</strong> - A visit to Kraina FM, Ukraine’s “radio station of national resistance.” Plus, how some Black workers feel about returning to the office. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/podcast/the-new-yorker-radio-hour/radio-ukraine">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>In a World on Fire, Stop Burning Things</strong> - The truth is new and counterintuitive: we have the technology necessary to rapidly ditch fossil fuels. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/essay/in-a-world-on-fire-stop-burning-things">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>The New Yorker App Is Now Available on Android</strong> - Exclusively for subscribers: a new way to enjoy the magazine, share articles, and add cultural events to your calendar, with additional features coming in the months ahead. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/news-desk/the-new-yorker-app-is-now-available-on-android">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Are We About to Cure Sickle-Cell Disease?</strong> - New gene therapies hold extraordinary promise, but they might not be enough to overcome a medical system that marginalizes Black Americans. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/science/annals-of-medicine/are-we-about-to-cure-sickle-cell-disease">link</a></p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-vox">From Vox</h1>
<ul>
<li><strong>Everyone wants forgiveness, but no one is being forgiven</strong> -
<figure>
<img alt="Illustration of a circle with a line through it, surrounded by arrows leading around the
circle." src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/yDf6oJJgTRBJvwcv8zfmpAEh-Uw=/569x0:5570x3751/1310x983/cdn.vox-
cdn.com/uploads/chorus_image/image/70655627/cycle_final.0.jpg"/>
<figcaption>
Amanda Northrop/Vox
</figcaption>
</figure>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Modern outrage is a cycle. Could a culture of public forgiveness ever break it?
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="9FNa5j">
<em>Part of our series on </em><a href="https://www.vox.com/e/22747143"><em>America’s struggle for forgiveness</em></a><em>.</em>
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="5dEX1f">
The state of modern outrage is a cycle: We wake up mad, we go to bed mad, and in between, the only thing that might change is what’s making us angry. The one gesture that could offer substantive change, or at least provide a way forward — forgiveness — seems perpetually beyond our reach.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="KAPaXd">
In the public sphere, we’re constantly being asked to <a href="https://www.latimes.com/opinion/story/2021-03-21/forgiveness-cancel-culture">weigh in</a> on the question of <a href="https://www.oprahdaily.com/life/a37117486/oprah-forgiveness/">forgiveness</a> as a <a href="https://www.post-
gazette.com/opinion/ruth-ann-dailey/2022/02/06/Liberty-and-forgiveness-the-antidote-to-
wokeness/stories/202202060072">cultural</a> <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/dc-md-va/2021/07/06/appalachian-
covid-deniers-nurses-virginia/">process</a>. The consensus thus far has largely been that American culture has no room for the concept. In a <a href="https://archive.fo/tXbu4">tweet</a> from March 2021, Atlantic writer <a href="https://www.vox.com/vox-conversations-podcast/2021/7/12/22379647/vox-conversations-elizabeth-bruenig-forgiveness-
social-media">Elizabeth Bruenig</a> wrote, “as a society we have absolutely no coherent story — none whatsoever — about how a person who’s done wrong can atone, make amends, and retain some continuity between their life/identity before and after the mistake.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="YSMfMe">
In other words, everyone wants forgiveness, but no one is being forgiven, and no one knows how to negotiate forgiveness at a cultural level. In an era of polarized politics, “<a href="https://www.vox.com/culture/2019/12/30/20879720/what-is-cancel-culture-explained-history-debate">cancel culture</a>,” and the tendency of social media users to conduct informal modern tribunals without a lot of due process, seeking and granting public forgiveness is increasingly complicated.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="WGWtD7">
The questions involved get harder by the day: What use is a good apology if people are unwilling to hear it? Whose forgiveness matters most? And what’s the point of agreeing on answers to any of the other questions if all we really want is to hang onto our anger, scoring points online rather than moving on?
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="vozOpl">
Bound up in the hand-wringing over cancel culture is the idea that lurking on the internet is a potential vigilante justice mob, out to insist that a score must be settled and retribution must be taken. In this messy context, on such a public stage, there’s little room for humanization between offense and vengeance.
</p>
<div class="c-float-right c-float-hang">
<aside id="2Jj0JY">
<q>We wake up mad, we go to bed mad, rinse and repeat</q>
</aside>
</div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="hFP0bF">
The idea of “canceling” turns every potential interaction into a bad-faith nightmare, reframing earnest calls for accountability as witch hunts and often derailing the possibility of penitence before the question of forgiveness can ever arise. Those who sound the cancel culture alarm do have some valid concerns, namely: How is anyone supposed to attain lasting forgiveness at a cultural level without having their past offenses permanently held against them? What if they don’t want your forgiveness — can you still interact with them and their work? When is it okay to move on? Is it ever?
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="EN22Cn">
If things are at such an impasse, is public forgiveness even a worthy goal? Perhaps not, but it is preferable to either a public figure’s summary cancellation (unlikely as that is to achieve) or a furious, endless standoff between offender and offended. In practice, rather than becoming an alternative to outrage and wariness, the idea of forgiveness can fuel just as much outrage and wariness as anything else these days.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="i1qohd">
That’s all thanks to the nature of modern outrage itself — the self-perpetuating cycle thrives on never letting go and turning every attempt at moving past it into another source of anger, another element to distrust. And so it goes: We wake up mad, we go to bed mad, rinse and repeat.
</p>
<hr class="p-entry-hr" id="ldLlOD"/>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="ggnjJs">
<strong>If we applied a positive road map</strong> to a typical outrage cycle, what we would hope to find after that initial period of outrage is discussion, apology, atonement, and forgiveness. That process almost never happens on the modern public stage.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="QTiCwk">
Instead, far too often, a single offense becomes part of a litany of wrongs that follow the offender around the public sphere, with the long tail of their sins — imagined, real, or alleged — trailing behind them forever, ready to be brought up the next time they draw attention, leading them to endure still more damnation every time they make new mistakes. That’s all optimistically assuming we can get them to admit and apologize for the offense to begin with.
</p>
<div class="c-float-right c-float-hang">
<div id="EcOpOw">
<div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="zxw55F">
With the rise of cancel culture — or, more accurately, the rise of hysteria around the idea of a hypothetical “cancel culture” that <a href="https://www.vox.com/22384308/cancel-culture-free-speech-accountability-debate">may or may not exist</a> — public figures, especially ones with massive platforms, have a reason to completely disengage from their critics and from whatever the issue is that may or may not be getting them canceled.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="nfzFxP">
The problem starts, before any apology or even offense, with the public sphere. We seem to be incapable of handling potential opposition in good faith.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="RbYIkf">
Sometimes this looks like the deliberate misinterpretation of old statements, like the intentional twisting, by right-wing pundits in 2017, of an old tweet by MSNBC correspondent Sam Seder, a furor that led to Seder being <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2017/12/07/business/media/msnbc-sam-seder.html">fired and then rehired</a>. It can take the shape of broad fan-led cultural conversations like the <a href="https://www.vox.com/culture/2019/12/30/21037815/ghostbusters-backlash-decade-black-panther-captain-
marvel">backlash</a> over the 2016 <em>Ghostbusters</em> reboot — before it had been released — because the reboot had an all-female cast. Or it can come from misassumptions born of vulnerability, like the <a href="https://www.vox.com/the-
highlight/22543858/isabel-fall-attack-helicopter">harassment</a> by the queer and trans sci-fi community of the anonymous trans writer Isabel Fall — and the <a href="https://dorisvsutherland.com/2021/12/06/on-neon-yangs-toxic-
reputation/">subsequent harassment</a>, over a year later, of people peripherally associated with her harassment, in a tale without apparent end. In all of these cases, the common thread is the presumption, all around, of ill intent.
</p></li>
</ul>
<div class="c-float-left c-float-hang">
<aside id="fdDSJu">
<q>“When you think of somebody as being immoral, that shuts down the ability to have a conversation”</q>
</aside>
</div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="7jhXFD">
Internet researcher Alice Marwick’s investigations into <a href="https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/20563051211021378">morally motivated networked harassment</a> shed some light on why we’re so suspicious of one another and willing to behave so aggressively. Marwick found that when groups of people on social media believed their moral code had been violated, they felt so justified in their harassment of their targets that they refused to acknowledge it as harassment.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="lakZl4">
“When you think of somebody as being immoral, that shuts down the ability to have a conversation,” Marwick told me in a 2021 interview. “It really does encourage dehumanization and seeing other people as the other, rather than as actual people. There are places where our sense of morality is so strong that we don’t believe the other person can be redeemed.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="6pkjc0">
Imagine facing down this kind of collective movement. A person who starts out willing to listen and learn from their critics can become so badly burned by toxic harassment that they lash out at their critics and dig in their heels instead. That has a bunch of ripple effects. It makes the harassers feel even more validated in their actions and anger. It fuels the idea that the offender was never sincerely sorry to begin with, which can lead to more anger and retribution. It also can make the target even less likely to listen and learn the next time someone accuses them of doing something wrong because they’ve already been burned and they have less reason than ever to trust their accusers.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="xVQg1B">
The idea of “bad-faith engagement” has become kind of a buzzy shorthand for the messiness of this process, but it really is the key to any conversation we have about forgiveness.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="EkHx3W">
To reach a point where anger and toxicity are diminished, we have to engage with each other sincerely and respectfully, believing that the people on the receiving end of our anger have the best of intentions in engaging with us. We have to replace bad-faith engagement with good-faith engagement. That doesn’t mean, necessarily, that we must wind up <a href="https://www.thedailybeast.com/dont-negotiate-with-trumps-disease-spreading-zombie-
army?via=twitter_page">dealing in good faith</a> with extremists, conspiracists, disinformation agents, and other bad actors. It might mean that we stop assuming everyone who says anything with which we disagree falls into one of those categories.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Nmba7L">
We’re a long way from knowing how to do that.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="m4mzIn">
It doesn’t help that a sincere apology — the thing society requires to move forward, presuming a threshold of good faith can be met at all — is often a disaster when it happens on a public stage. If it happens at all.
</p>
<hr class="p-entry-hr" id="xrCcoB"/>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="rJ0Foh">
<strong>The classic apology,</strong> <a href="http://pdf.xuebalib.com:1262/xuebalib.com.26449.pdf">as described by social psychologists</a> in 2004, involves “admitting fault, admitting damage, expressing remorse, asking for forgiveness, and offering compensation.” Yet while plenty of <a href="https://thekeep.eiu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1025&amp;context=psych_fac">research</a> has been done on the perfect apology, we’ve had very few cultural examples of one being delivered effectively and sincerely. We’ve had even fewer examples of such an apology being followed up with a process of actual atonement.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="h8IvY4">
Louis C.K., who many were eager to forgive in the wake of Me Too revelations of his <a href="https://www.vox.com/culture/2017/11/9/16629400/louis-ck-allegations-masturbation">sexual misconduct</a> in 2017, drew plenty of <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/monkey-cage/wp/2017/11/14/louis-c-k-s-apology-was-imperfect-
but-it-was-still-important/">tentative</a> <a href="https://www.mhpcolorado.org/is-the-louis-ck-apology-any-
different/">praise</a> for his apology to his victims, and his promise to “step back and take a long time to listen.” When C.K. returned to standup, less than a year later, it <a href="https://www.vox.com/culture/2018/9/5/17820346/louis-
ck-comedy-cellar-comeback-workplace-safety">was a far cry</a> from what his apology had promised; instead of making amends, <a href="https://www.vox.com/2019/1/9/18172273/louis-ck-comeback-parkland-aziz-ansari-metoo">C.K. mocked and denigrated</a> those who had tried to cancel him. “Fuck it, what are you going to take away, my birthday?” he replied to a shocked audience. “My life is over, I don’t give a shit.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="F3hbdL">
Even when we get close to something that looks like the “textbook” apology, it’s difficult to trust. After <a href="https://www.vox.com/2018/1/3/16841160/logan-paul-aokigahara-suicide-controversy">nearly ruining his career</a> by filming a dead body in Japan’s Aokigahara forest in 2017, wildly popular YouTuber Logan Paul embarked on a long and well-mapped-out <a href="https://www.theverge.com/2018/8/29/17785894/logan-paul-documentary-ksi-fight-
redemption">redemption tour</a>, one that involved making repeated public apologies, including a notoriously poorly received one on <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QwZT7T-TXT0">YouTube</a>.
</p>
<div class="c-float-right c-float-hang">
<aside id="bspc3v">
<q>The classic apology involves “admitting fault, admitting damage, expressing remorse, asking for forgiveness, and offering compensation”</q>
</aside>
</div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="avVGrV">
At first, his core audience <a href="https://scalar.usc.edu/works/raging-boy-logan-paul/logan-paul-apologizes-on-twitter">wasn’t buying it</a>, but Paul’s strategy appeared to work. He filmed himself talking to suicide survivors and prevention organizations, rapidly absorbed and adopted the progressive language of the restorative justice movement, and spoke often about social issues on his podcast, <em>Impaulsive</em>. By 2020, his fans were <a href="https://anthonymcguire.medium.com/logan-paul-
underrated-undervalued-underloved-762828a4457f">praising him</a> for things like his unequivocal, <a href="https://twitter.com/LoganPaul/status/1267631648910139392?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw%7Ctwcamp%5Etweetembed%7Ctwterm%5E1267631648910139392%7Ctwgr%5E%7Ctwcon%5Es1_&amp;ref_url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.insider.com%2Flogan-
paul-podcast-controversies-drama-reputation-jake-2020-12">articulate support</a> of Black Lives Matter. Business Insider <a href="https://www.insider.com/logan-paul-podcast-controversies-drama-reputation-jake-2020-12">observed</a> that Paul “has been more or less forgiven for doing what many consider to be one of the worst things a major YouTuber has ever done on the platform,” and praised him for pulling off a remarkable “redemption story … largely of his own making.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="h1V5FX">
Some might think Paul has done just about all a person can do to apologize and make amends. Yet wariness persists. Paul’s apology video set off a chain reaction of YouTuber apology videos, each one less sincere than the last, to the point where the media began treating them (and similar videos from others) like <a href="https://www.lamag.com/culturefiles/youtube-apology-videos/">their own terrible genre</a>. In 2020, linguists <a href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/343423944_A_Discourse_Analysis_on_Logan_Paul's_Apologies_Are_They_Apologetic_Enough">published</a> “A Discourse Analysis on Logan Paul’s Apologies: Are They Apologetic Enough?” The answer, they found, was not quite: While Paul’s apologies contained some of the ingredients of a successful apology, they were missing a few key factors: an offer of repairing the wrong done and compensating those harmed by his actions.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="VFcMx1">
In other words, Paul’s apologies were effective but flawed, and his subsequent comeback is arguably as much a lesson in <a href="https://platformmagazine.org/2021/03/05/the-power-of-the-apology-video-and-why-so-many-fail/">effective image repair</a> as it is in atonement.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="lK31uQ">
That’s not to say that no celebrity has ever managed an effective apology and won forgiveness from their intended recipient. In 2018, after making a lengthy and considered apology to a former junior colleague whom he had sexually harassed for months, Dan Harmon, creator of <em>Community</em> and <em>Rick and Morty</em>, <a href="https://www.vox.com/culture/2018/1/11/16879702/dan-harmon-apology-megan-ganz-
community">received a public pardon from her</a>. Their exchange <a href="https://time.com/5100019/dan-harmon-megan-
ganz-sexual-harassment-apology/">made</a> <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2018/01/13/arts/dan-harmon-megan-
ganz.html">headlines</a> at the time — though <a href="https://www.vice.com/en/article/gymaww/rick-and-morty-incest-
jokes-dan-harmon-justin-roiland-kink-shaming-taboo">Vice has since noted</a> that Harmon “has a history of <a href="http://grantland.com/hollywood-prospectus/whos-the-bigger-jerk-dan-harmon-or-chevy-chase/">being a proud asshole</a>, but <a href="http://danharmon.tumblr.com/post/20430020654/not-that-it-helps-but">apologizing when he gets caught</a>.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="TKV4wB">
Whether someone possesses the ability to make a thoughtful, heartfelt apology and then apply those learned lessons to avoid other similar mistakes may seem like an apology side quest. But it’s a further consideration for those who’ve been victimized: When experience teaches you that some people can and do hide bad behavior under a mask of contrition, it only increases your mistrust.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="qcJAyE">
Still, we might be able to live with a celebrity doing superficial image repair, or a celebrity who seems to struggle to make lasting change,<strong> </strong>over a celebrity who’s convinced no offense has happened to begin with. Take a <a href="https://www.vox.com/culture/21285396/jk-rowling-transphobic-backlash-harry-potter">J.K. Rowling</a> or a <a href="https://www.vox.com/22722357/dave-chappelle-the-closer-netflix-backlash-controversy-transphobic">Dave Chappelle</a>, whose offenses against trans people have yet to make a significant dent in their huge and loyal fan bases. In that kind of case, how does the forgiveness process begin for the rest of us, or should it begin at all?
</p>
<div class="c-float-left c-float-hang">
<aside id="hz1jwm">
<q>We really don’t know who forgiveness is for</q>
</aside>
</div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="3RtlnH">
It’s a basic existential question for which we have no answer. We really don’t know who forgiveness is for. Is it for the alienated, hurt victims of an act, or is it for everyone? Is its aim to heal the injured or to allow the general public to move on?
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="xHXwfD">
Consider Roman Polanski. Plenty of major Hollywood figures over the years have <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/film/2018/jan/30/hollywood-reverence-child-
rapist-roman-polanski-convicted-40-years-on-run">publicly called</a> for Polanski to be forgiven for <a href="https://www.vox.com/culture/2017/8/17/16156902/roman-polanski-child-rape-charges-explained-samantha-geimer-
robin-m">raping a 13-year-old girl</a> in 1977. As an adult, his victim publicly forgave him herself. In the absence of any serious accountability for Polanski, however, many refuse to move on. “Forgiveness is not enough,” Julia Baird <a href="https://www.newsweek.com/roman-polanski-forgiveness-not-enough-80959">wrote for Newsweek</a> in 2009, in a piece stressing the importance of holding Polanski accountable rather than treating his victim’s forgiveness as a form of absolution.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="GyFjF6">
Or consider Mel Gibson, who has apologized and <a href="https://www.inquirer.com/philly/columnists/jenice_armstrong/Mel-Gibsons-support-of-Holoc.html">made reparations</a> to Jewish people for his anti-Semitism, but not to queer communities for <a href="http://gawker.com/5582644/all-the-terrible-things-mel-gibson-has-said-on-the-record">his homophobia</a>. “I’ll apologize [to gay people] when hell freezes over,” he told Playboy in 1995. In recent years, he’s become adept at <a href="https://www.theatlantic.com/entertainment/archive/2016/11/mel-gibson-is-not-sorry/506225/">apologizing without actually apologizing</a>.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="r8kHE2">
Because there’s no way to collectively arbitrate accountability for unaccountable public figures, there’s no easily definable start and end point for forgiveness. Asking everyone who’s invested in the process to just give up and move on, or to collectively agree that someone has atoned, is all but impossible.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="KITnf0">
That brings us to what is arguably the most difficult aspect of the forgiveness conversation: letting go.
</p>
<hr class="p-entry-hr" id="RBVnmy"/>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="oFn6TX">
<strong>Perhaps the most important takeaway</strong> from Marwick’s research is that the social media dynamics that cause us to feel morally justified in harassing one another also reward holding onto our outrage. So much of the genuine fear of cancel culture involves this idea that once you’re “canceled,” nothing you can do, however well-intentioned, will be enough to satisfy the people baying for your blood. It’s easy to see why that fear exists.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="OLw7Wx">
Social media rewards pithy, angry takes rather than nuanced, balanced discussions, then boosts those takes so they attract more angry, non-nuanced takes. It can feel good to be part of that collective anger, especially when you feel righteous. It’s often extremely difficult to let that anger go, to forgive, adjust, and move on.
</p>
<div class="c-float-right c-float-hang">
<aside id="GteZGY">
<q>Most moral and spiritual authorities teach us that the cycle of repentance usually involves grace</q>
</aside>
</div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="pdFO8E">
Most moral and spiritual authorities teach us that the cycle of repentance usually involves grace. Grace, the act of allowing people room to be human and make mistakes while still loving them and valuing them, might be the holiest, most precious concept of all in this conversation about right and wrong, penance and reform — but it’s the one that almost never gets discussed.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="h86ZmY">
That’s understandable. Grace relies on some huge assumptions: that people mean well and that their intent is not to be hurtful; that they are capable of self-reflection and change; and, of course, that we all possess equal shares of dignity and humanity.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Bfki5i">
These are all pretty big asks in a world that has become increasingly divisive and hateful. It’s easy to <em>say</em> we shouldn’t assume that every anonymous internet stranger or every person on the other side of a debate is a bad actor, sure. Still, when you’re meeting people only in the limited context of a username, a profile pic, and a few angry statements on social media, it’s not easy to stop and remember there might be a whole, well-intentioned person behind the avatar.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="5Codsj">
That’s what makes the concept of grace so powerful. It forces us to contend not only with other people’s human frailty but with our own: to remember how good it feels when someone, out of the blue, treats us with respect, empathy, and kindness in the middle of an angry conversation where we expect nothing but hostility. To be shown the kindness of strangers when we expect cruelty, and then bestow that gift in turn — that’s the remarkable quality of grace. But there’s little room for it when we’re barely able to handle the concept of forgiveness, and equally unable to stop being angry with the offender after all is said and done.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="m5cRIt">
And so, we arrive back at the beginning of the cycle: We hang on to our anger, and all of this anger puts the possibility of grace even further out of reach. Perhaps there’s a perverse commonality in knowing that no matter what “side” we’re on, we’re all bad at this. Being generous and gracious to each other is a difficult, grueling process for everyone. We all struggle at it, together.
</p>
<ul>
<li><strong>Republicans made Ketanji Brown Jackson’s confirmation hearing about Brett Kavanaugh</strong> -
<figure>
<img alt="" src="https://cdn.vox-
cdn.com/thumbor/yRTNLIuy3rH_53dOn9W1eiVTNW8=/0x0:3101x2326/1310x983/cdn.vox-
cdn.com/uploads/chorus_image/image/70654359/1386949622.0.jpg"/>
<figcaption>
US Supreme Court nominee Ketanji Brown Jackson is sworn in during her confirmation hearing before the Senate Judiciary Committee, March 21, in Washington, DC.  | Anna Moneymaker/Getty Images
</figcaption>
</figure>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
The hearing surfaced a slew of old grievances and political attacks.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="kgnTs3">
<a href="https://www.vox.com/2022/3/20/22934967/ketanji-brown-
jackson-supreme-court-confirmation-hearing">Senate Republicans</a> — who know they probably won’t be able to prevent <a href="https://www.vox.com/2022/2/25/22912842/supreme-court-nominee-ketanji-brown-jackson-biden">Ketanji Brown Jackson from being confirmed to the Supreme Court</a> — opened her confirmation hearing by focusing on something else: old grievances.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="SzMV5Z">
Several Republicans, including Sens. Lindsey Graham (R-SC) and Ted Cruz (R-TX), sought to draw a direct contrast between how Jackson is being treated and how Supreme Court Justice Brett Kavanaugh was treated during his hearing in 2018. Repeatedly, senators noted that Jackson’s questioning would focus on her legal record and not what they called the “personal attacks” Kavanaugh experienced, when he was faced with allegations of sexual assault. In doing so, they downplayed the allegations brought against him and tried to suggest that their treatment of Jackson this week would be an improvement upon how Democrats previously behaved.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="VxArrl">
“When we say this is not Kavanaugh, what do we mean?” Graham said. “It means Democratic senators are not going to have their windows busted by groups. No Republican senator is going to unleash an attack on your character when the hearing is almost over.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="MPIVmS">
It’s a way to preempt the possible blame Republicans might get for their questioning of Jackson, said Mike Davis, the head of the Article III Project, a right-leaning advocacy group focused on the federal judiciary.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="ZyxRpi">
“It preempts any complaints Democrats might have about GOP criticisms of Judge Jackson’s record because their attacks on Justice Kavanaugh were personal and unproven,” Davis, who has been informally advising Republican staff, told Vox. “It’s also a reminder to the public of how terribly Democrats treated Justice Kavanaugh and his family. The GOP will focus on her professional record, giving their criticisms more credibility.” (There are key differences between the two: for instance, Kavanaugh faced credible allegations of sexual assault, while Jackson does not.)
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="3kdZN4">
Republicans also <a href="https://rollcall.com/2022/03/21/its-jacksons-scotus-hearing-but-gop-cant-stop-
talking-about-gorsuch-kavanaugh-barrett/">emphasized Democrats’ past opposition</a> to federal judicial nominees Miguel Estrada, who is Latino, and Janice Rogers Brown, who is Black, to suggest that Democrats have been harsher on nominees of color if they are GOP appointees.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="D6zmuT">
Republicans’ questions and attacks this week are intended to make the hearing “more of a political wash instead of a political win for Democrats,” Davis <a href="https://www.vox.com/2022/3/20/22934967/ketanji-brown-jackson-supreme-court-confirmation-hearing">previously explained</a>. By drawing attention to the ways Democrats have allegedly mistreated Republican nominees, the GOP is trying to suggest that its treatment of Jackson is well within Senate norms.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="9iKGYP">
“If there’s one thing you can say about the judicial nomination wars, they’ll always say they’re responding to the previous bad behavior of the other side,” said Ilya Somin, a law professor at George Mason University and adjunct scholar at the Cato Institute.
</p>
<h3 id="iYHrze">
Republicans relitigated past nominations
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="2frKC9">
Republicans spent much of the first day walking through a litany of grievances about past nomination fights.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="r1XSU7">
Many referenced Kavanaugh in some way, and many also spoke about Estrada and Rogers.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="ypCcoK">
“We will be fair and thorough, as people would expect us to be, but we won’t get down in the gutter like Democrats did during the Kavanaugh confirmation hearings,” Sen. Chuck Grassley (R-IA) said in his remarks.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="2UIOaN">
Kavanaugh was confirmed after a dramatic nomination fight that saw allegations surface against him of decades-old sexual misconduct, prompting an incredibly acrimonious fight among senators, large protests at the Capitol, and a dramatic and emotional second round of hearings and testimony at the height of the national Me Too movement.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Qq3PBZ">
The comparison suggests that Jackson and Kavanaugh’s nominations are taking place under similar contexts, though of course they are not. Republicans didn’t acknowledge that, and even played down the allegations.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="jpj50U">
“No one is going to inquire into your teenage dating habits,” Cruz said in remarks that appeared to gloss over the allegations Kavanaugh faced.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="PwZdt4">
Statements by Republicans about both Estrada and Rogers Brown also seemed aimed at showing that Democrats have also previously opposed nominees of color. From 2001 to 2003, Democrats blocked Estrada’s nomination for the DC Circuit Court of Appeals due to questions about his experience and the belief that he’d add to the conservative tilt of the court. He was ultimately forced to withdraw his nomination. Rogers Brown, meanwhile, was confirmed for an appeals court seat in 2005, but only after Democrats delayed her nomination for two years because of her conservative views on issues including labor rights.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="CVHMSY">
“The point Republicans might be trying to make is, if it was okay for Dems to oppose Janice Rogers Brown on judicial philosophy grounds, Republicans can oppose Ketanji Brown Jackson on judicial philosophy grounds,” Somin said.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="tHQwL9">
In addition to citing their complaints with how past nominations were handled, Republicans also previewed other topics they intend to ask Jackson about this week, including her sentencing decisions in child porn cases, her work <a href="https://apnews.com/article/ketanji-brown-jackson-biden-stephen-breyer-us-supreme-court-middle-east-
af2eabfa705514b866cde97c49533209">defending Guantanamo Bay detainees</a>, and her position on packing the court.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="rN56pT">
Somin notes that Kavanaugh’s hearing was widely viewed as energizing Republican voters in 2018, just ahead of those midterm elections, and references to it now could at least temporarily fuel the base.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="gYzhuR">
Republicans have also tied Jackson’s positions on sentencing to a broader “soft on crime” attack they’ve fielded against Democrats prior to the midterms. As crime rates have increased during the pandemic, the GOP has sought to pin the blame on President Joe Biden and other Democratic lawmakers.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="li2uic">
This week’s hearings offer them another avenue to make that same case.
</p></li>
<li><strong>How the next pandemic surge will be different</strong> -
<figure>
<img alt="Health care workers in protective clothing and masks wheel a patient on a gurney in the
ambulance area outside a hospital." src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/UcCC50RRFlneOFY-
jd2t2gFOb1s=/333x0:3000x2000/1310x983/cdn.vox-
cdn.com/uploads/chorus_image/image/70652231/GettyImages_1239226448_copy.0.jpg"/>
<figcaption>
Health workers admit a patient to the Princess Margaret Hospital in Hong Kong on March 3. Hong Kong is facing its worst coronavirus outbreak. | Emmanuel Serna/LightRocket via Getty Images
</figcaption>
</figure>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
The same: The brutal math of exponential growth. Different: Our pandemic fatigue is worse than ever.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="winjAG">
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="15s5ks">
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="EOLUBp">
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="NLyCUd">
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="FKJjdI">
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="ri9Wof">
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="SGg4Qx">
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="900VuP">
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="NQSa97">
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="rkvGNc">
Covid-19 cases are rising again in Europe. They’re outright exploding across much of Asia. The United States, however, is in a Covid lull, having just come down from the winter’s omicron outbreak.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="XcXpII">
It’s an uneasy time. On one hand, it’s likely <a href="https://www.vox.com/2022/3/2/22950635/covid-pandemic-
over-future">the worst of the pandemic</a> is over, at least in terms of severe illness and death. But on the other hand, we have to ask: Do these upticks in the rest of the world foreshadow America’s future?
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="sCTpUK">
It’s true that the US often sees cases rise several weeks after they tick upward in the <a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-021-03003-6">United Kingdom</a>. We are again watching a new(ish) variant, BA.2, <a href="https://www.vox.com/22977354/covid-19-outbreak-omicron-ba2-hong-kong-south-korea-china-asia-
vaccine">trace a familiarly steep curve</a> on graphs tracking new cases, provoking a familiar but chronically contentious question: What should we do about it, as individuals and as a society?
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="KCQ66p">
While this moment feels familiar in many ways, several factors set it apart from previous pandemic lulls.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="a7pdjG">
Collectively, we have more immunity, and more treatments, than ever before. At the same time, we’re more <a href="https://www.kff.org/coronavirus-covid-19/poll-finding/kff-covid-19-vaccine-monitor-january-2022/">fatigued about the state of the pandemic</a> and arguably less prepared for a wave, considering there’s more confusion than ever about what our individual risk is at any place and time.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="c3BQ3m">
Taking a hard look at what’s new and what’s not about ourselves, the virus, and our policy landscape can help us convert some of that painful familiarity — and some of the scary unknowns — into preparedness. To do that, it’s helpful to take stock of how a next wave will likely behave like past waves, and how it might be different. So let’s start with what won’t change.
</p>
<h3 id="dAvuP1">
The same: The brutal math of exponential growth
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="ZkXybq">
Although the omicron subvariant BA.2 was <a href="https://www.vox.com/22923891/omicron-subvariant-ba2-coronavirus">first identified in November 2021</a>, it has only become a dominant variant over the past several weeks in parts of Asia and Europe. <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.14.480335v1.full.pdf">Early laboratory work</a> has suggested this variant is about 30 percent more contagious than the already highly transmissible <a href="https://www.vox.com/22846696/omicron-covid-19-variant-virology-mutation-vaccine">BA.1 omicron variant</a>, which was the dominant strain during the last US surge.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="bejqJX">
Regardless of the exact variant, the shape of each wave is determined by the same brutal math. Small upticks in cases quickly explode due to exponential growth, and case counts grow exponentially until they don’t. We’re already starting to see that growth start as <a href="https://graphics.reuters.com/world-coronavirus-tracker-and-maps/regions/europe/">transmission rises</a> in the United Kingdom, Germany, and other European countries.
</p>
<div>
<figure class="e-image">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><img alt=" " src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/KBBTJ0XhE3WkQRNHOv4Q4TrTjhc=/800x0/filters:no_upscale()/cdn.vox-
cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23328097/coronavirus_data_explorer__1_.png"/> <cite>Our World in Data</cite></p>
<figcaption>
Cases are starting to rise again in Europe.
</figcaption>
</figure>
</div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="QJCYsO">
At home and abroad, we can generally expect to see hospitalizations rise one to two weeks after cases rise, and deaths to rise another four to six weeks after that, depending on the public health system’s capacity. Hong Kong and South Korea are in this phase, reporting <a href="https://graphics.reuters.com/world-coronavirus-tracker-and-maps/regions/asia-and-the-
middle-east/">increasing and record-high death</a> rates.
</p>
<div>
<figure class="e-image">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><img alt=" " src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/cH8CjeyoieBHiJMVunA46WxWZAs=/800x0/filters:no_upscale()/cdn.vox-
cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23328311/coronavirus_data_explorer__2_.png"/> <cite>Our World in Data</cite></p>
<figcaption>
Though both countries are experiencing a surge, death rates are much higher in Hong Kong than in South Korea.
</figcaption>
</figure>
</div>
<h3 id="he25VI">
The same: The tools we used to fight past waves still work
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="9oBAP1">
No matter how transmissible a variant is, the same precautionary measures — like vaccination, quarantine and isolation, masking, and testing — work to prevent its spread.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="5AVDKR">
If those measures are in effect, transmission slows. If they are dropped, it speeds up. In this light, the current waves in Europe and Asia may have as much to do with policy decisions as they do with the transmissibility of the BA.2 variant.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Dpiv4m">
In Europe, rising cases <a href="https://www.nbcnews.com/health/health-news/covid-cases-rising-uk-what-to-
expect-us-rcna19891">coincided with the lifting of rules</a> requiring masking and other preventive measures in multiple countries (such as <a href="https://www.npr.org/2022/02/21/1082182686/britain-will-drop-covid-19-self-isolation-
requirements-on-thursday-johnson-annou">requiring isolation after a positive test</a>, <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2022/02/16/world/europe/covid-germany-restrictions.html">vaccination proof requirements for entering shops</a>, and <a href="https://www.cnbc.com/2022/02/28/europes-travel-rules-are-dropping-as-fast-as-its-
covid-cases-.html">pre-travel negative test requirements</a>). That suggests the continent’s increase in BA.2 transmission was facilitated at least in part by a drop in protective behaviors, all leading to more infected people mixing socially while contagious.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="K5uq2j">
In Asia, too, the causes of rising deaths seem to go beyond the virus’s intrinsic properties. The BA.2 subvariant <a href="https://www.eurosurveillance.org/content/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2022.27.10.2200181">doesn’t appear to cause</a> <a href="https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/1057361/23-February-2022-risk-
assessment-for-VUI-22JAN-01_BA.pdf">more severe disease</a> than earlier omicron variants, nor to be <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.19.22271112v1">any more evasive of vaccines</a> than other variants. While it can still cause severe illness and death, especially in elderly people, vaccines seem to remain highly effective even in this high-risk population.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="qUJxlY">
In Hong Kong, the sudden spike in deaths is likely due to the lack of vaccine coverage among elderly people. There, the<strong> </strong>pandemic is raging largely among <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2022/02/25/business/hong-kong-unvaccinated-elderly.html">unvaccinated seniors</a> without much previous exposure to Covid-19; <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/mar/18/hong-kong-covid-
crisis-why-is-the-death-rate-so-high">few vaccinated people</a> are being hospitalized.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="2YNPWD">
Notably, even though deaths are higher than ever in both countries, the death <em>rate</em> is actually much lower in South Korea, likely due to its much <a href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-03-17/how-south-korea-is-beating-
covid-despite-600-000-new-cases-a-day">higher rate of vaccinations among elderly residents</a> in particular.
</p></li>
</ul>
<figure class="e-image">
<img alt=" " src="https://cdn.vox-
cdn.com/thumbor/S94f9JOYy8iskQh4AiUgyhOdqMg=/800x0/filters:no_upscale()/cdn.vox-
cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23333543/GettyImages_1386879846_copy.jpg"/> <cite>Anthony Kwan/Getty Images</cite>
<figcaption>
Pedestrians cross an intersection at a busy shopping district in Hong Kong on March 21. Hong Kong is experiencing a sudden spike in Covid-19 death rates.
</figcaption>
</figure>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="jLwIAJ">
America has the tools to fight a new wave — it’s just a question of how and whether it uses them, said Dr. Joshua Sharfstein, a professor at Johns Hopkins University’s Bloomberg School of Public Health. “The fundamental question,” Sharfstein said, is “can we be nimble and flexible to the facts of the pandemic?” Will people and policymakers be willing to bring back restrictions like mask mandates now that they’ve been dialed down?
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="KsfZ1o">
Masks, especially respirators (these are the high-quality N95s or KN95s), still work to protect individuals if they’re exposed to people infected with Covid-19. N95 respirators offer excellent protection from <a href="https://www.cell.com/med/pdf/S2666-6340(20)30072-6.pdf">viral exposure</a>, <a href="https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2022/02/25/1083046757/coronavirus-faq-im-a-one-way-masker-what-strategy-
will-give-me-optimal-protectio">even if you’re the only one</a> wearing one in a group of people. And manufacturers are getting better at making them <a href="https://twitter.com/AbraarKaran/status/1476343891594940418">more comfortable</a> to wear for hours on end.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="7ZO4xK">
<a href="https://www.vox.com/recode/22870328/how-to-use-rapid-tests-
omicron">Rapid home Covid-19 tests</a> still work to provide in-the-moment actionable information. During the first omicron wave, some people got in the habit of testing before any group social activity, and after exposures. When a wave is rising, that practice should resume. It should be helpful that rapid tests are now far more <a href="https://www.vox.com/recode/22890296/covidtests-biden-free-rapid-test-website">widely available</a> than they were during the previous wave.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="YgnTbi">
We also know more about ventilation and air filtration than we have at earlier points in the pandemic. The Environmental Protection Agency just released new <a href="https://www.epa.gov/indoor-air-quality-iaq/clean-air-buildings-challenge">guidance on ventilation</a>, and as the weather warms, opening windows and using fans to choreograph good air flow can do a lot to reduce risk during gatherings. When fresh air isn’t an option, <a href="https://www.epa.gov/coronavirus/air-cleaners-hvac-filters-and-
coronavirus-covid-19#:~:text=When%20used%20properly%2C%20air%20cleaners,protect%20people%20from%20COVID%2D19.">air cleaners (think HEPA filters) help</a> — and while many good ones are commercially available, <a href="https://cleanaircrew.org/box-fan-filters/">DIY options</a> also work well and are relatively easy to construct.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="55zbTr">
Whichever protective measures work best in your world, it’s a good idea to gather several week’s worth of supplies before cases rise.
</p>
<h3 id="eIvTqd">
Different: US levels of population immunity are higher now than ever before, and there are more therapies to avoid severe disease
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="KKDfns">
One of the key differences between this moment and previous pandemic lulls is the level of community immunity. The US has <a href="https://covid.cdc.gov/covid-data-tracker/#vaccinations_vacc-people-onedose-pop-5yr">high rates of vaccination</a> — 65 percent of all Americans have received at least two vaccines, and 50 percent of those eligible have been boosted. There’s also more infection-acquired immunity; a high proportion of even those who are unvaccinated have some infection- related protection.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="6M8Dm4">
All told, nearly <a href="https://www.healthdata.org/covid/video/insights-ihmes-
latest-covid-19-model-run">three-quarters of the US population has some level of immunity</a>, according to researchers at the University of Washington’s Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation. More immunity means people are less likely to be hospitalized with Covid-19, even if case counts surge.
</p>
<div class="c-float-right c-float-hang">
<aside id="rrKLjc">
<q>“We may be doomed to repeat history” —Dial Hewlett, an infectious disease physician</q>
</aside>
</div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="RQiXyu">
For those who do get sick, a <a href="https://www.phe.gov/emergency/events/COVID19/investigation-
MCM/Documents/USG-COVID19-Tx-Playbook.pdf">range of therapies</a> is now more broadly available than at any other point during the pandemic. Monoclonal antibodies, which identify and attack viral particles before they can cause severe disease, now come in long-lasting formulations to protect immunocompromised people; the antibodies act like an additional, durable layer of immunity on top of vaccinations, which can help prevent infections in this vulnerable group.<strong> </strong>Several shorter-acting forms of this therapy can also be used to treat high-risk or severely ill people if infection has already happened. Additionally, antiviral medications are now available in both oral and intravenous forms.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="cSxgLv">
The biggest challenge to getting these therapies right now is politics: Congress recently <a href="https://www.politico.com/news/2022/03/16/white-house-covid-funding-congress-00017886">axed $15 billion in Covid-19 funding</a> that would have covered the costs of antibody treatments and maintained access to Paxlovid, an antiviral medication. The abrupt vacuum of resources severely muddled the path forward on identifying and accessing Covid-19 treatment for everyone, but especially for people without insurance. Whether and how this problem will be solved is <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2022/03/15/us/politics/biden-congress-covid-relief-aid.html">unclear</a>, although without continued funding, people needing treatment will feel the effects of the cuts beginning in <a href="https://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2022/03/congress-covid-spending-bill/627090/">April</a>.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="lMf1MX">
“Not all of the policymakers have learned their lesson,” said Dial Hewlett, an infectious disease physician who is deputy commissioner of the Westchester County health department in White Plains, New York. Without investments in research, public health infrastructure, and regulatory agency staff, he said, “We may be doomed to repeat history.”
</p>
<h3 id="bTaCAr">
Different: Assessing personal risk is deeply confusing
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Bz6Lnl">
In early April 2020, <a href="https://www.latimes.com/science/story/2021-07-27/timeline-cdc-mask-guidance-during-covid-19-pandemic">federal guidance recommended masks</a> in public places, and masks have been required in federal buildings since January 2021. The CDC issued recommendations for schools in September 2020 recommending masking and other strategies for students and teachers.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="AfPxCR">
All of those recommendations have now expired, replaced by a <a href="https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/science/community-levels.html">system for assessing county Covid-19 levels</a> based on case counts and hospitalizations. (A federal requirement to wear masks when using most public modes of travel will stay in place until at least <a href="https://www.tsa.gov/coronavirus/faq">April 18</a>.)<strong> </strong>
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="BgpfzP">
The CDC’s new website offers guidance to state and local health departments and school districts, with the specific guidance varying based on local transmission rates and hospitalizations. It’s these more local authorities who ultimately make the rules for their jurisdictions.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="OKNNMI">
However, because these authorities follow the CDC’s guidance to widely varying degrees, <a href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/us-policy-
covid-19-coronavirus-outbreaks-california-texas-florida-arizona-11594134950">neighboring counties may take very different approaches</a> to public preventive measures like indoor masking requirements or capacity limits.<strong> </strong>For the near term, many US residents will continue to live amid a patchwork of precaution that might be different in the county where you live than in the one where you work or send your kids to school.
</p>
<figure class="e-image">
<img alt="Students stand in front of a high school holding protest signs." src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/HNZAWXb-z7zz0f2wT310vZNqEcQ=/800x0/filters:no_upscale()/cdn.vox-
cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23333588/GettyImages_1238225020_copy_1.jpg"/> <cite>Marvin Joseph/Washington Post via Getty Images</cite>
<figcaption>
Students stage a walkout in protest of the DC Public Schools response to Covid-19 safety on January 25.
</figcaption>
</figure>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="beYNyB">
If you live in a jurisdiction that’s proactive about instituting preventive policies, congrats, your next steps may be clear. However, many are not in that position, and may feel baffled about the best way to determine when to mask up or take other safety measures.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="JH0CA3">
What’s a well-intentioned person to do amid all this confusion — especially given the concern that so many other people are not going to do that much?
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="T58BXw">
The CDC’s <a href="https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/your-health/covid-by-county.html">county check website</a>, while imperfect, may be a good place to start: It allows people to view safety recommendations specific to their county’s Covid-19 levels (i.e., a metric based on cases and hospitalizations), and suggests additional layers of protection high- risk people should add. But it has a big limitation: “It doesn’t help you understand your own personal vulnerability,” said Jay Varma, a physician and epidemiologist based in New York City.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="lanIcN">
For individual users of the website, there’s no easy way to determine what “high risk” means and whether your age, medical conditions, or lifestyle places you in that category. “It’s not the best tool for individuals to use as an instrument to guide them — it’s not as good as a weather report,” said Varma.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="ZTyJMP">
While determining your local risk level day to day may not be straightforward, ensuring your Covid-19 vaccinations are up to date — including a fourth shot, if that’s what’s recommended for you — is the simplest way for most people to minimize their individual risk. Additionally, wearing a <a href="https://www.vox.com/2022/1/8/22873390/covid-19-better-masks-n95-respirator-surgical-omicron">high-quality mask</a> like a KN95 or N95 when you judge yourself or your situation to be high-risk protects you regardless of what other people are doing (or not).
</p>
<h3 id="rOXv3D">
Different: Pandemic fatigue is real
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="fywMIS">
Two years into the pandemic, our collective level of exhaustion is manifesting in some worrisome ways. Deaths are creeping toward a million, but collective action <a href="https://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2022/03/covid-us-death-
rate/626972/">isn’t keeping pace</a>. Anger and denial have led to <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S104620232100075X">irrational decision-making</a> and <a href="https://www.mgma.com/data/data-stories/are-incivility-and-pandemic-denial-from-unruly-pat">behavior</a> by leaders and individuals.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="4roioB">
<a href="https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/profiles/details/panagis-
galiatsatos">Panagis Galiatsatos</a>, a physician and professor at the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine who has engaged Baltimore-area faith leaders and congregations in Covid-19 education since the pandemic’s early days, said he is concerned about the level of pandemic fatigue he’s heard during recent meetings. After the holiday omicron wave forced many worship services online, “what they fear is going back to not being in person again,” he said.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="TZDyQz">
If public health leaders forbid in-person gatherings due to another wave of transmission, he fears it will lead many members of the public to lose faith in public health leaders altogether. “I think we’re going to lose our audience,” he said. “So I think what’s different now is definitely the fatigue is there.”
</p>
<figure class="e-image">
<pre><code> &lt;img alt="Protestors hold signs like “Mask choice” and “Mask freedom” in a protest." src="https://cdn.vox-</code></pre>
cdn.com/thumbor/4ehUQoSSfSTozIK9E29y1cjj80w=/800x0/filters:no_upscale()/cdn.vox- cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23333607/GettyImages_1237813211_copy.jpg" /&gt; <cite>Mindy Schauer/MediaNewsGroup/Orange County Register via Getty Images</cite>
<figcaption>
Protesters against mask mandates gather outside the Placentia-Yorba Linda Unified School District office in Southern California on January 18.
</figcaption>
</figure>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="uGrX5v">
One of the biggest risks of low social morale is that it could delay buy-in to critical Covid-19 prevention measures even if the virus is causing a great deal of community suffering. People may take longer to agree to mask up, or may be more reluctant to show vaccination cards. And when precautions are eventually implemented, will it be too late? Is there hope of doing something about denial and fatigue before they become the death of us?
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="eBdsj5">
With our trust in institutions at a low point, one-on-one conversations between individuals may be one of the most important ways forward. “If it’s not going to be public messaging, let’s do private messaging,” said Galiatsatos. That involves a lot of listening and compassion by scientists and public health authorities, but it also involves making recommendations that meet people where they are.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="jYyr1o">
“People aren’t switches to turn off and on,” he said. “We’re not going to be ignorant of the next wave, but we’re definitely going to discuss it in a way, like, ‘How do you make it adaptable?’”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="m94x1y">
Perhaps the biggest difference we can hope for is a broader understanding of the pandemic itself, not as a thing we can turn off or on, but as a dimmer switch that our collective action moves — and keeps — up or down.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="x6QKVr">
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="v5HRkT">
</p>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-the-hindu-sports">From The Hindu: Sports</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Raffaello shines</strong> -</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>ICC Women’s ODI World Cup | India’s semifinal hopes alive with 110-run win against Bangladesh</strong> - Yastika’s fifty helped India to 229 before Sneh Rana took four wickets to bundle out Bangladesh for 119</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>National archery championships in Jammu from Tuesday</strong> - The championships will begin with the recurve events and it will be interesting to see how the Asia Cup-returned archers fare</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Greater challenge for Lakshya begins now: Padukone</strong> - He has all the qualities required to remain a medal contender for the next few years, says the legend</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>It’s time to build on the momentum, says Shabbir</strong> - HFC win is a perfect reminder that we have to look far ahead: Amalraj</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-the-hindu-national-news">From The Hindu: National News</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>41 of 72 arrested fishermen released</strong> - The rest likely to be freed soon: Anitha R. Radhakrishnan</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>NEP lays thrust on accessibility, quality education: NAAC Director</strong> - It supports creative thinking, reviving knowledge traditions, says S.C. Sharma at the 102nd annual convocation of UoM</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>India must stand against autocracies like Russia and China: senior U.S. official</strong> - Undersecretary of State for Political Affairs Victoria Nuland ends visit, calls on Jaishankar</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Better to err on the side of caution to ensure public health during pandemic, Tamil Nadu tells Supreme Court</strong> - State says the vaccine mandate, issued through a circular in November last, is backed by law</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>DMK, AIADMK spar over poll assurances</strong> - Each accuses the other of failure to keep the promises</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-bbc-europe">From BBC: Europe</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Ukraine war: Belarusian dissidents fight against Russia in Ukraine</strong> - Belarusian dissident Pavel Kulazhanka left his life in New York to join the fight against Russia.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Russia Navalny: Putin critic jailed for nine more years trial branded ‘sham’</strong> - Alexei Navalny is to be sent to a maximum security jail after a judge gave him nine more years in jail.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Malmö: Two women killed after violent attack at Swedish school</strong> - An 18-year-old student is arrested on suspicion of murder after two deaths in the city of Malmö.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Yvan Colonna: Corsican nationalist dies after jihadist jail attack</strong> - Yvan Colonna’s strangling by a fellow inmate had sparked violent protests on the French island.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Chelsea: Centricus bid to buy club intends to ‘maintain existing management’</strong> - British investment firm Centricus says it wants to “maintain and support existing management” in bid to buy Chelsea.</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-ars-technica">From Ars Technica</h1>
<ul>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Take a peek inside a flickering candle flame with these 3D-printed shapes</strong> - MIT’s Markus Buehler also built system to turn language into 3D-printed materials. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1842413">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>“Evolution can occur really, really rapidly”</strong> - Researchers detect genetic changes in response to seasonal change. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1842037">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>White House warns of possible Russian cyberstrike on US critical infrastructure</strong> - There’s no evidence now of specific attacks planned, but evolving intel is concerning. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1842620">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>SEC will require companies to list greenhouse emissions, climate risks</strong> - A proposed rule tries to give investors a fuller picture of risk. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1842596">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Starlink helps Ukraine’s elite drone unit target and destroy Russian tanks</strong> - “If we use a drone with thermal vision at night, [it] must connect through Starlink.” - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1842557">link</a></p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-jokes-subreddit">From Jokes Subreddit</h1>
<ul>
<li><strong>A woman is flirting with a Russian man at a bar(a joke)</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF -->
<div class="md">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
She says,
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
“Hi, handsome, what do you do for a living?”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
The Russian replies,
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
“I work for KGB.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
“Cool, tell me an interesting story!”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
“About me or about you?”
</p>
</div>
<!-- SC_ON -->
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/Naruto373"> /u/Naruto373 </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/tjq9ji/a_woman_is_flirting_with_a_russian_man_at_a_bara/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/tjq9ji/a_woman_is_flirting_with_a_russian_man_at_a_bara/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
<li><strong>How can you tell if someone is a geneticist or kinky?</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF -->
<div class="md">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Ask them what the opposite of “dominant” is.
</p>
</div>
<!-- SC_ON -->
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/Biz_Ascot_Junco"> /u/Biz_Ascot_Junco </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/tjrdni/how_can_you_tell_if_someone_is_a_geneticist_or/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/tjrdni/how_can_you_tell_if_someone_is_a_geneticist_or/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
<li><strong>TIL alligators can live up to 100 years which is why there’s an increased chance that…</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF -->
<div class="md">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
…they <em>will</em> see you later!
</p>
</div>
<!-- SC_ON -->
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/808gecko808"> /u/808gecko808 </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/tk01p0/til_alligators_can_live_up_to_100_years_which_is/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/tk01p0/til_alligators_can_live_up_to_100_years_which_is/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
<li><strong>How rare is it for a cow to be struck by lightning?</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF -->
<div class="md">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Medium rare.
</p>
</div>
<!-- SC_ON -->
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/DasMotorsheep"> /u/DasMotorsheep </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/tjku8d/how_rare_is_it_for_a_cow_to_be_struck_by_lightning/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/tjku8d/how_rare_is_it_for_a_cow_to_be_struck_by_lightning/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
<li><strong>At age 4, success is… not peeing in your pants</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF -->
<div class="md">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
At age 12, success is… having friends
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
At age 17, success is… having a driver’s licence
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
At age 25, success is… having sex
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
At age 35, success is… having money
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
At age 45, success is… having money
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
At age 55, success is… having sex
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
At age 65, success is… having a driver’s licence
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
At age 75, success is… having friends
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
At age 85, success is… not peeing in your pants
</p>
</div>
<!-- SC_ON -->
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/Gil-Gandel"> /u/Gil-Gandel </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/tjkaw1/at_age_4_success_is_not_peeing_in_your_pants/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/tjkaw1/at_age_4_success_is_not_peeing_in_your_pants/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
</ul>
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