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<h1 data-aos="fade-down" id="covid-19-sentry">Covid-19 Sentry</h1>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" data-aos-anchor-placement="top-bottom" id="contents">Contents</h1>
<ul>
<li><a href="#from-preprints">From Preprints</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-clinical-trials">From Clinical Trials</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-pubmed">From PubMed</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-patent-search">From Patent Search</a></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-preprints">From Preprints</h1>
<ul>
<li><strong>Post-16 students’ experience of practical science during the COVID-19 pandemic and the impact on students’ self-efficacy in practical work</strong> -
<div>
This paper presents the findings from a detailed study investigating UK undergraduate students’ experience of practical science in their post-16 studies during the COVID-19 pandemic. It also examines the perceived confidence and preparedness of the students in relation to areas of practical science skills at the start of their degree courses. The study employed an exploratory sequential mixed methods design, with the findings from focus groups with students at the end of their post-16 studies used to support the development of a comprehensive skills audit and quantitative survey for incoming undergraduate students. Survey data were collected in September and October 2021 from 275 students commencing Biosciences, Chemistry, Physics and Natural Science degrees at two universities in England. The research is important because although almost all students had the opportunity to undertake practical work as part of their post-16 studies during the COVID-19 pandemic, there was considerable variation in students’ experiences. The data indicate that students’ self-efficacy in relation to practical science was impacted by the closures of post-16 education establishments, ongoing social distancing and the removal of the assessment criteria for students to have ‘routinely and consistently’ undertaken each of the practical assessment requirements. The research presents important considerations which are relevant for educators supporting students’ transition from post-16 to Higher Education.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://osf.io/preprints/edarxiv/gx2jh/" target="_blank">Post-16 students’ experience of practical science during the COVID-19 pandemic and the impact on students’ self-efficacy in practical work</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Ipsilateral or contralateral boosting of mice with mRNA vaccines confers equivalent immunity and protection against a SARS-CoV-2 Omicron strain</strong> -
<div>
Boosting with mRNA vaccines encoding variant-matched spike proteins has been implemented to mitigate their reduced efficacy against emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants. Nonetheless, in humans, it remains unclear whether boosting in the ipsilateral or contralateral arm with respect to the priming doses impacts immunity and protection. Here, we boosted K18-hACE2 mice with either monovalent mRNA-1273 (Wuhan-1 spike) or bivalent mRNA-1273.214 (Wuhan-1 + BA.1 spike) vaccine in the ipsilateral or contralateral leg relative to a two-dose priming series with mRNA-1273. Boosting in the ipsilateral or contralateral leg elicited equivalent levels of serum IgG and neutralizing antibody responses against Wuhan-1 and BA.1. While contralateral boosting with mRNA vaccines resulted in expansion of spike-specific B and T cells beyond the ipsilateral draining lymph node (DLN) to the contralateral DLN, administration of a third mRNA vaccine dose at either site resulted in similar levels of antigen-specific germinal center B cells, plasmablasts/plasma cells, T follicular helper cells and CD8+ T cells in the DLNs and the spleen. Furthermore, ipsilateral and contralateral boosting with mRNA-1273 or mRNA-1273.214 vaccines conferred similar homologous or heterologous immune protection against SARS-CoV-2 BA.1 virus challenge with equivalent reductions in viral RNA and infectious virus in the nasal turbinates and lungs. Collectively, our data show limited differences in B and T cell immune responses after ipsilateral and contralateral site boosting by mRNA vaccines that do not substantively impact protection against an Omicron strain.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.05.588051v1" target="_blank">Ipsilateral or contralateral boosting of mice with mRNA vaccines confers equivalent immunity and protection against a SARS-CoV-2 Omicron strain</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Direct genome sequencing of respiratory viruses from low viral load clinical specimens using target capture sequencing technology</strong> -
<div>
The use of metagenomic next-generation sequencing technology to obtain complete viral genome sequences directly from clinical samples with low viral load remains challenging–especially in the case of respiratory viruses–due to the low copy number of viral versus host genomes. To overcome this limitation, target capture sequencing for the enrichment of specific genomes has been developed and applied for direct genome sequencing of viruses. However, as the efficiency of enrichment varies depending on the probes, the type of clinical sample, etc., validation is essential before target capture sequencing can be applied to clinical diagnostics. Here we evaluated the utility of target capture sequencing with a comprehensive viral probe panel for clinical respiratory specimens collected from patients diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 or influenza type A. We focused on clinical specimens containing low copy numbers of viral genomes. Target capture sequencing yielded approximately 180- and 2000-fold higher read counts of SARS-CoV-2 and influenza A virus, respectively, than metagenomic sequencing when the RNA extracted from specimens contained 59.3 copies/L of SARS-CoV-2 or 544 copies/L of influenza A virus, respectively. In addition, the target capture sequencing identified sequence reads in all SARS-CoV-2- or influenza type A-positive specimens with &lt;26 RNA copies/L, some of which also yielded &gt;70% of the full-length genomes of SARS-CoV-2 or influenza A virus. Furthermore, the target capture sequencing using comprehensive probes identified co-infections with viruses other than SARS-CoV-2, suggesting that this approach will not only detect a wide range of viruses, but also contribute to epidemiological studies.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.05.588295v1" target="_blank">Direct genome sequencing of respiratory viruses from low viral load clinical specimens using target capture sequencing technology</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Epitope-anchored contrastive transfer learning for paired CD8+ T cell receptor-antigen recognition</strong> -
<div>
Understanding the mechanisms of T-cell antigen recognition that underpin adaptive immune responses is critical for the development of vaccines, immunotherapies, and treatments against autoimmune diseases. Despite extensive research efforts, the accurate identification of T cell receptor (TCR)-antigen binding pairs remains a significant challenge due to the vast diversity and cross-reactivity of TCRs. Here, we propose a deep-learning framework termed Epitope-anchored Contrastive Transfer Learning (EPACT) tailored to paired human CD8+ TCRs from single-cell sequencing data. Harnessing the pre-trained representations and the contrastive co-embedding space, EPACT demonstrates state-of-the-art model generalizability in predicting TCR binding specificity for unseen epitopes and distinct TCR repertoires, offering potential values for practical outcomes in real-world scenarios. The contrastive learning paradigm achieves highly precise predictions for immunodominant epitopes and facilitates interpretable analysis of epitope-specific T cells. The TCR binding strength predicted by EPACT aligns well with the surge in spike-specific immune responses targeting SARS-CoV-2 epitopes after vaccination. We further fine-tune EPACT on TCR-epitope structural data to decipher the residue-level interactions involved in T-cell antigen recognition. EPACT not only exhibits superior capabilities in quantifying inter-chain distance matrices and identifying contact residue pairs but also corroborates the presence of molecular mimicry across multiple tumor-associated antigens. Together, EPACT can serve as a useful AI approach with significant potential in practical applications and contribute toward the development of TCR-based diagnostics and immunotherapies.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.05.588255v1" target="_blank">Epitope-anchored contrastive transfer learning for paired CD8+ T cell receptor-antigen recognition</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Adaptive and Maladaptive Pathways of COVID-19 Worry on Well-Being: A Cross-National Study</strong> -
<div>
Objective: In a preregistered study, we examined whether worries about COVID-19 are simultaneously linked with enhanced well-being through social interaction and reduced well-being through depression symptoms. Method: In August 2020, census-matched participants from high and low prevalence regions in the United States and Italy (N = 857) completed assessments of COVID-19 worry, social interaction, depression symptoms, and well-being. Results: Worries about COVID-19 predicted both more social interaction and more depression (ps &lt; .001). In multiple mediational analyses, an adaptive pathway of COVID-19 worry through social interaction was associated with higher well-being, whereas a maladaptive pathway through depression symptoms was associated with lower well-being. Further, a comparison of high and low COVID-19 prevalence regions replicated the mediational findings for social interaction, providing evidence against reverse causation and common method variance. Conclusion: Findings suggest that normative worries about acute stressors may both benefit and undermine well-being, depending on their impact on social behavior or depression symptoms.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://osf.io/preprints/psyarxiv/h8y4c/" target="_blank">Adaptive and Maladaptive Pathways of COVID-19 Worry on Well-Being: A Cross-National Study</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Spatial proteomics identifies a novel CRTC-dependent viral sensing pathway that stimulates production of Interleukin-11</strong> -
<div>
Appropriate cellular recognition of viruses is essential for the generation of effective innate and adaptive antiviral immunity. Viral sensors and their signalling components thus provide a crucial first line of host defence. Many exhibit subcellular relocalisation upon activation, triggering expression of interferon and antiviral genes. To identify novel signalling factors we analysed protein relocalisation on a global scale during viral infection. CREB Regulated Transcription Coactivators-2 and 3 (CRTC2/3) exhibited early cytoplasmic-to-nuclear translocation upon a diversity of viral stimuli, in diverse cell types. This movement was depended on Mitochondrial Antiviral Signalling Protein (MAVS), cyclo-oxygenase proteins and protein kinase A. We identify a key effect of transcription stimulated by CRTC2/3 translocation as production of the pro-fibrogenic cytokine interleukin-11. This may be important clinically in viral infections associated with fibrosis, including SARS-CoV-2.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.04.588067v1" target="_blank">Spatial proteomics identifies a novel CRTC-dependent viral sensing pathway that stimulates production of Interleukin-11</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Antigenic cartography using hamster sera identifies SARS-CoV-2 JN.1 evasion seen in human XBB.1.5 booster sera</strong> -
<div>
Antigenic assessments of SARS-CoV-2 variants inform decisions to update COVID-19 vaccines. Primary infection sera are often used for assessments, but such sera are rare due to population immunity from SARS-CoV-2 infections and COVID-19 vaccinations. Here, we show that neutralization titers and breadth of matched human and hamster pre-Omicron variant primary infection sera correlate well and generate similar antigenic maps. The hamster antigenic map shows modest antigenic drift among XBB sub-lineage variants, with JN.1 and BA.4/BA.5 variants within the XBB cluster, but with five to six-fold antigenic differences between these variants and XBB.1.5. Compared to sera following only ancestral or bivalent COVID-19 vaccinations, or with post-vaccination infections, XBB.1.5 booster sera had the broadest neutralization against XBB sub-lineage variants, although a five-fold titer difference was still observed between JN.1 and XBB.1.5 variants. These findings suggest that antibody coverage of antigenically divergent JN.1 could be improved with a matched vaccine antigen.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.05.588359v1" target="_blank">Antigenic cartography using hamster sera identifies SARS-CoV-2 JN.1 evasion seen in human XBB.1.5 booster sera</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Care-full Collectives and their Care Practices</strong> -
<div>
In my dissertation, I examine different collectives and their practices through different applied theories of care and theorize on new organizational structures and rituals. This is a study of how people came together during the first wave of Covid-19, myself included. It studies these coming-togethers through different “do-ings” and “be–ings” and juxtaposes them with different theories of care. Theories that include Annemarie Mol’s “Logic of Care”, Ella Myers’ “Worldly things”, Jenna Grant’s “Repair as Care”, Sara Ahmed’s “Fragile Connections” and Lucy Suchman’s “Relocating Innovation”. These different theories come from places like medical anthropology, STS, queer theory, and more. I give an honest account of my journey through these collectives and these theories. I also start to propose an alternate way of organizing institutions for mutual aid through two tools - archetypes and axioms.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://osf.io/ds39u/" target="_blank">Care-full Collectives and their Care Practices</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Incidence and risk factors of omicron variant SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infection among vaccinated and boosted individuals.</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Background: SARS-CoV-2 vaccines have been shown to be safe and effective against infection and severe COVID-19 disease worldwide. Certain co-morbid conditions cause immune dysfunction and may reduce immune response to vaccination.  In contrast, those with co-morbidities may practice infection prevention strategies. Thus, the real-world clinical impact of co-morbidities on SARS-CoV-2 infection in the recent post-vaccination period is not well established. We performed this study to understand the epidemiology of Omicron breakthrough infection and evaluate associations with number of comorbidities in a vaccinated and boosted population.  Methods and Findings: We performed a retrospective clinical cohort study utilizing the Northwestern Medicine Enterprise Data Warehouse.  Our study population was identified as fully vaccinated adults with at least one booster. The primary risk factor of interest was the number of co-morbidities.  Our primary outcome was incidence and time to first positive SARS-CoV-2 molecular test in the Omicron predominant era. We performed multivariable analyses stratified by calendar time using Cox modeling to determine hazard of SARS-CoV-2.  In total, 133,191 patients were analyzed. Having 3+ comorbidities was associated with increased hazard for breakthrough (HR=1.2 CI 1.2-1.6). During the second half of the study, having 2 comorbidities (HR= 1.1 95% CI 1.02-1.2) and having 3+ comorbidities (HR 1.7, 95% CI 1.5-1.9) were associated with increased hazard for Omicron breakthrough. Older age was associated with decreased hazard in the first 6 months of follow-up. Interaction terms for calendar time indicated significant changes in hazard for many factors between the first and second halves of the follow-up period. Conclusions: Omicron breakthrough is common with significantly higher risk for our most vulnerable patients with multiple co-morbidities. Age related behavioral factors play an important role in breakthrough infection with the highest incidence among young adults. Our findings reflect real-world differences in immunity and exposure risk behaviors for populations vulnerable to COVID-19.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.03.24305293v1" target="_blank">Incidence and risk factors of omicron variant SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infection among vaccinated and boosted individuals.</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>The Constructive and Destructive Power of Social Norms in the Presence of Authoritative Influence</strong> -
<div>
A randomized survey experiment (N=2,868) was conducted at the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic to examine the effects of information provision on individuals’ cooperation with social distancing measures. Employing a 2 × 2 factorial design, the study examined the influence of social comparison and a powerful messenger. Using an online sample of approximately 3,000 Japanese respondents, it was found that participants demonstrated greater cooperation with social distancing measures when they perceived that they had spent a relatively <em>long</em> time outside the home compared with prevailing social norms in the previous week. Conversely, individuals who spent a relatively <em>short</em> time outside the home, exhibited the opposite effect. However, these results were observed solely in conjunction with the influence of a powerful messenger. The study also explored heterogeneous responses based on personality traits. In conclusion, the results highlight the challenges of changing behavior through informational interventions, emphasizing the role of both the characteristics of the sender and recipient of the information.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://osf.io/preprints/psyarxiv/rsbmz/" target="_blank">The Constructive and Destructive Power of Social Norms in the Presence of Authoritative Influence</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Distinct Type 1 Immune Networks Underlie the Severity of Restrictive Lung Disease after COVID-19</strong> -
<div>
The variable etiology of persistent breathlessness after COVID-19 have confounded efforts to decipher the immunopathology of lung sequelae. Here, we analyzed hundreds of cellular and molecular features in the context of discrete pulmonary phenotypes to define the systemic immune landscape of post-COVID lung disease. Cluster analysis of lung physiology measures highlighted two phenotypes of restrictive lung disease that differed by their impaired diffusion and severity of fibrosis. Machine learning revealed marked CCR5+CD95+ CD8+ T-cell perturbations in mild-to-moderate lung disease, but attenuated T-cell responses hallmarked by elevated CXCL13 in more severe disease. Distinct sets of cells, mediators, and autoantibodies distinguished each restrictive phenotype, and differed from those of patients without significant lung involvement. These differences were reflected in divergent T-cell-based type 1 networks according to severity of lung disease. Our findings, which provide an immunological basis for active lung injury versus advanced disease after COVID-19, might offer new targets for treatment.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.03.587929v1" target="_blank">Distinct Type 1 Immune Networks Underlie the Severity of Restrictive Lung Disease after COVID-19</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Within-host genetic diversity of SARS-CoV-2 across animal species</strong> -
<div>
Infectious disease transmission to different host species makes eradication very challenging and expands the diversity of evolutionary trajectories taken by the pathogen. Since the beginning of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, SARS-CoV-2 has been transmitted from humans to many different animal species, and viral variants of concern could potentially evolve in a non-human animal. Previously, using available whole genome consensus sequences of SARS-CoV-2 from four commonly sampled animals (mink, deer, cat, and dog) we inferred similar numbers of transmission events from humans to each animal species but a relatively high number of transmission events from mink back to humans (Naderi et al., 2023). Using a genome-wide association study (GWAS), we identified 26 single nucleotide variants (SNVs) that tend to occur in deer – more than any other animal – suggesting a high rate of viral adaptation to deer. Here we quantify intra-host SARS-CoV-2 across animal species and show that deer harbor more intra-host SNVs (iSNVs) than other animals, providing a larger pool of genetic diversity for natural selection to act upon. Within-host diversity is particularly high in deer lymph nodes compared to nasopharyngeal samples, suggesting tissue-specific differences in viral population sizes or selective pressures. Neither mixed infections involving more than one viral lineage nor large changes in the strength of selection are likely to explain the higher intra-host diversity within deer. Rather, deer are more likely to contain larger viral population sizes, to be infected for longer periods of time, or to be systematically sampled at later stages of infections. Combined with extensive deer-to-deer transmission, the high levels of within-deer viral diversity help explain the apparent rapid adaptation of SARS-CoV-2 to deer.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.03.587973v1" target="_blank">Within-host genetic diversity of SARS-CoV-2 across animal species</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Exploration of the link between COVID-19 and gastric cancer from the perspective of bioinformatics and systems biology</strong> -
<div>
Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), an infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), has caused a global pandemic. Gastric cancer (GC) poses a great threat to people's health, which is a high-risk factor for COVID-19. Previous studies have found some associations between GC and COVID-19, whereas the underlying molecular mechanisms are not well understood. Methods: We used a bioinformatics and systems biology approach to investigate the relationship between GC and COVID-19. The gene expression profiles of COVID-19 (GSE196822) and GC (GSE179252) were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. After identifying the shared differentially expressed genes (DEGs) for GC and COVID-19, functional annotation, protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, hub genes, transcriptional regulatory networks and candidate drugs were analyzed. Results: A total of 209 shared DEGs were identified to explore the linkages between COVID-19 and GC. Functional analyses showed that Immune-related pathway collectively participated in the development and progression of COVID-19 and GC. In addition, there are selected 10 hub genes including CDK1, KIF20A, TPX2, UBE2C, HJURP, CENPA, PLK1, MKI67, IFI6, and IFIT2. The transcription factor/gene and miRNA/gene interaction networks identified 38 transcription factors (TFs) and 234 miRNAs. More importantly, we identified ten potential therapeutic agents, including ciclopirox, resveratrol, etoposide, methotrexate, trifluridine, enterolactone, troglitazone, calcitriol, dasatinib and deferoxamine, some of which have been reported to improve and treat GC and COVID-19. This study also provides insight into the diseases most associated with mutual DEGs, which may provide new ideas for research on the treatment of COVID-19. Conclusions: This research has the possibility to be contributed to effective therapeutic in COVID-19 and GC.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.03.587916v1" target="_blank">Exploration of the link between COVID-19 and gastric cancer from the perspective of bioinformatics and systems biology</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Discovery of orally bioavailable SARS-CoV-2 papain-like protease inhibitor as a potential treatment for COVID-19</strong> -
<div>
The RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), 3C-like protease (3CLpro), and papain-like protease (PLpro) are pivotal components in the viral life cycle of SARS-CoV-2, presenting as promising therapeutic targets. Currently, all FDA-approved antiviral drugs against SARS-CoV-2 are RdRp or 3CLpro inhibitors. However, the mutations causing drug resistance have been observed in RdRp and 3CLpro from SARS-CoV-2, which makes it necessary to develop antivirals with novel mechanisms. Through the application of a structure-based drug design (SBDD) approach, we discovered a series of novel potent non-covalent PLpro inhibitors with remarkable in vitro potency and in vivo PK properties. The co-crystal structures of PLpro with leads revealed that the residues E164 and Q269 around the S2 site are critical for improving the inhibitor's potency. The lead compound GZNL-P36 not only inhibited SARS-CoV-2 and its variants at the cellular level with EC50 ranging from 58.2 nM to 306.2 nM, but also inhibited HCoV-NL63 and HCoV-229E with EC50 of 81.6 nM and 2.66 M, respectively. Oral administration of the compound resulted in significantly improved survival and notable reductions in lung viral loads and lesions in SARS-CoV-2 infection mouse model, consistent with RNA-seq data analysis. Our results indicate that PLpro inhibitor is a promising SARS-CoV-2 therapy.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.03.587743v1" target="_blank">Discovery of orally bioavailable SARS-CoV-2 papain-like protease inhibitor as a potential treatment for COVID-19</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Comparative analysis of serological assays and sero-surveillance for SARS-CoV-2 exposure in US cattle</strong> -
<div>
Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) continues to pose a significant threat to public health globally. Notably, SARS-CoV-2 demonstrates a unique capacity to infect various non-human animal species, documented in captive and free-living animals. However, experimental studies revealed low susceptibility of domestic cattle (Bos taurus) to ancestral B.1 lineage SARS-CoV-2 infection, with limited viral replication and seroconversion. Despite the emergence of viral variants with potentially altered host tropism, recent experimental findings indicate greater permissiveness of cattle to SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant infection compared to other variants, though with limited seroconversion and no clear evidence of transmission. While some studies detected SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in cattle in Italy and Germany, there is no evidence of natural SARS-CoV-2 infection in cattle from the United States or elsewhere. Since serological tests have inherent problems of false positives and negatives, we conducted a comprehensive assessment of multiple serological assays on over 600 cattle serum samples, including pre-pandemic and pandemic cattle sera. We found that SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus neutralization assays with a luciferase reporter system can produce false positive results, and care must be taken to interpret serological diagnosis using these assays. We found no serological evidence of natural SARS-CoV-2 infection or transmission among cattle in the USA. Hence, it is critical to develop more reliable serological assays tailored to accurately detect SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in cattle populations and rigorously evaluate diagnostic tools. This study underscores the importance of robust evaluation when employing serological assays for SARS-CoV-2 detection in cattle populations.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.03.587933v1" target="_blank">Comparative analysis of serological assays and sero-surveillance for SARS-CoV-2 exposure in US cattle</a>
</div></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-clinical-trials">From Clinical Trials</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Effect of Probiotic Strain Lactobacillus Paracasei PS23 on Brain Fog in People With Long COVID</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>: Long COVID; Brain Fog; Cognitive Change <br/><b>Interventions</b>: Dietary Supplement: Lactobacillus paracasei PS23; Dietary Supplement: microcrystalline cellulose <br/><b>Sponsors</b>: Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taiwan <br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Fascial Tissue Response To Manual Therapy: Implications In Long Covid Rehabilitation</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>: COVID-19 <br/><b>Interventions</b>: Other: Guidebook; Other: Guidebook and Myofascial Reorganization® (RMF). <br/><b>Sponsors</b>: University of the State of Santa Catarina; Larissa Sinhorim <br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Evaluation of the Impact of Rehabilitation Strategies and Early Discharge After Respiratory Failure</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>: Acute Respiratory Failure <br/><b>Interventions</b>: Behavioral: Standard of Care; Behavioral: Rehabilitation <br/><b>Sponsors</b>: Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein <br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Diaphragmatic Breathing Exercises for Post-COVID-19 Diaphragmatic Dysfunction (DD)</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>: Post-Acute Sequelae of COVID-19 <br/><b>Interventions</b>: Other: Usual care of traditional treatment; Other: Specific DB program/Diaphragmatic manipulation program <br/><b>Sponsors</b>: University of Minnesota <br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-pubmed">From PubMed</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Short-Chain Fatty Acid (SCFA) as a Connecting Link between Microbiota and Gut-Lung Axis-A Potential Therapeutic Intervention to Improve Lung Health</strong> - The microbiome is an integral part of the human gut, and it plays a crucial role in the development of the immune system and homeostasis. Apart from the gut microbiome, the airway microbial community also forms a distinct and crucial part of the human microbiota. Furthermore, several studies indicate the existence of communication between the gut microbiome and their metabolites with the lung airways, called “gut-lung axis”. Perturbations in gut microbiota composition, termed dysbiosis, can have…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>SARS-CoV-2 causes dysfunction in human iPSC-derived brain microvascular endothelial cells potentially by modulating the Wnt signaling pathway</strong> - CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that SARS-CoV-2 infection causes BBB dysfunction via Wnt signaling. Thus, iPSC-BMELCs are a useful in vitro model for elucidating COVID-19 neuropathology and drug development.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Review: N1-methyl-pseudouridine (m1Ψ): Friend or foe of cancer?</strong> - Due to the health emergency created by SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes the COVID-19 disease, the rapid implementation of a new vaccine technology was necessary. mRNA vaccines, being one of the cutting-edge new technologies, attracted significant interest and offered a lot of hope. The potential of these vaccines in preventing admission to hospitals and serious illness in people with comorbidities has recently been called into question due to the vaccines’ rapidly waning immunity. Mounting…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Inhibition of PCSK9 with evolocumab modulates lipoproteins and monocyte activation in high-risk ASCVD subjects</strong> - CONCLUSIONS: This trial is the first to demonstrate that PCSK9 mAB with evolocumab can modulate circulating immune cell properties and highlights the importance of “stress” profiling of circulating immune cells that more clearly define immune contributions to ASCVD.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Discovery and development of novel 10,12-disubstituted aloperine derivatives against HCoV-OC43 by targeting allosteric site of host TMPRSS2</strong> - By inducing steric activation of the 10CH bond with a 12-acyl group to form a key imine oxime intermediate, 20 novel (10S)-10,12-disubstituted aloperine derivatives were successfully synthesized and assessed for their antiviral efficacy against HCoV-OC43. Of them, compound 3i exhibited the moderate activities against HCoV-OC43, as well as against the SARS-CoV-2 variant EG.5.1 with the comparable EC(50) values of 4.7 and 4.1 μM. A mechanism study revealed that it inhibited the protease activity…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Protocol to identify flavonoid antagonists of the SARS-CoV-2 main protease</strong> - Flavonoids are naturally occurring metabolites of plants that can inhibit the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) main protease (Mpro), which is required for viral replication. Here, we present a protocol to identify flavonoid antagonists of the SARS-CoV-2 Mpro. We describe steps for the expression and purification of Mpro and a kinetic enzymatic assay for Mpro activity using a dequenching fluorescence resonance energy transfer peptide substrate. We then detail…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>DLD is a potential therapeutic target for COVID-19 infection in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma patients</strong> - Since the discovery of copper induces cell death(cuprotosis) in 2022, it has been one of the biggest research hotspots. cuprotosis related genes (CRGs) has been demonstrated to be a potential therapeutic target for cancer, however, the molecular mechanism of CRGs in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infected in DLBCL patients has not been reported yet. Therefore, our research objective is first to elucidate the mechanism and role of CRGs in COVID-19. Secondly, we conducted univariate and…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Immunoglobulin G4-related disease and B-cell malignancy due to an IKZF1 gain-of-function variant</strong> - CONCLUSION: Heterozygosity for gain-of-function IKZF1 variants underlies autoimmunity/inflammatory diseases, IgG4-RD and B-cell malignancies, the onset of which may occur in adulthood. Clinical and immunological data are similar to those for patients with unexplained IgG4-RD. Patients may therefore benefit from treatments inhibiting pathways displaying IKAROS-mediated overactivity.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Toll like receptor 4 mediates the inhibitory effect of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein on proximal tubule albumin endocytosis</strong> - Tubular proteinuria is a common feature in COVID-19 patients, even in the absence of established acute kidney injury. SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (S protein) was shown to inhibit megalin-mediated albumin endocytosis in proximal tubule epithelial cells (PTECs). Angiotensin-converting enzyme type 2 (ACE2) was not directly involved. Since Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) mediates S protein effects in various cell types, we hypothesized that TLR4 could be participating in the inhibition of PTECs albumin…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Coordination chemistry suggests that independently observed benefits of metformin and Zn(2+) against COVID-19 are not independent</strong> - Independent trials indicate that either oral Zn^(2+) or metformin can separately improve COVID-19 outcomes by approximately 40%. Coordination chemistry predicts a mechanistic relationship and therapeutic synergy. Zn^(2+) deficit is a known risk factor for both COVID-19 and non-infectious inflammation. Most dietary Zn^(2+) is not absorbed. Metformin is a naked ligand that presumably increases intestinal Zn^(2+) bioavailability and active absorption by cation transporters known to transport…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>SARS-CoV-2 and the Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 Receptor: Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitor/Angiotensin 2 Receptor Blocker Utilization and a Shift Towards the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System Classical Pathway</strong> - Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the virus responsible for the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, uses the surface angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor as the site of entry into host cardiac, respiratory, intestinal, renal, and nervous system cells. Predisposing risk factors such as cardiovascular disease increase the risk of developing severe disease. Hypertension is characterized by the stimulation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Ipsilateral and contralateral coadministration of influenza and COVID-19 vaccines produce similar antibody responses</strong> - BACKGROUND: World Health Organisation (WHO) and USA Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S. CDC) recommendations now allow simultaneous administration of COVID-19 and other vaccines. We compared antibody responses after coadministration of influenza and bivalent COVID-19 vaccines in the same (ipsilateral) arm vs. different (contralateral) arms.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Inhibition of the RLR signaling pathway by SARS-CoV-2 ORF7b is mediated by MAVS and abrogated by ORF7b-homologous interfering peptide</strong> - Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and characterized by dysregulated immune response. Studies have shown that the SARS-CoV-2 accessory protein ORF7b induces host cell apoptosis through the tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) pathway and blocks the production of interferon beta (IFN-β). The underlying mechanism remains to be investigated. In this study, we found that ORF7b facilitated viral infection and…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>TRAIL and IP-10 dynamics in pregnant women post COVID-19 vaccination: associations with neutralizing antibody potency</strong> - INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study is to investigate changes in TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) and gamma interferon-induced protein 10 (IP-10) after COVID-19 vaccination in pregnant women and to explore their association with neutralizing antibody (Nab) inhibition.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Assessment of the activity of the immune system in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases and asymptomatic COVID-19</strong> - CONCLUSIONS: The increased concentration of IL-2 may result from its regulatory role in inhibiting excessive activation of the immune system; however, considering the studies of patients with severe COVID-19, its role in the initial phase of SARS-CoV-2 infection requires further research.</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-patent-search">From Patent Search</h1>
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<h1 data-aos="fade-down" id="daily-dose">Daily-Dose</h1>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" data-aos-anchor-placement="top-bottom" id="contents">Contents</h1>
<ul>
<li><a href="#from-new-yorker">From New Yorker</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-vox">From Vox</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-the-hindu-sports">From The Hindu: Sports</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-the-hindu-national-news">From The Hindu: National News</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-bbc-europe">From BBC: Europe</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-ars-technica">From Ars Technica</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-jokes-subreddit">From Jokes Subreddit</a></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-new-yorker">From New Yorker</h1>
<ul>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Jessica Tisch, the Ex-N.Y.P.D. Official Trying to Tame New York’s Trash</strong> - The city has lived in filth for decades. Can Jessica Tisch, a scion of one of the country’s richest families, finally clean up the streets? - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2024/04/15/the-ex-nypd-official-trying-to-tame-new-yorks-trash">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Maggie Rogers’s Journey from Viral Fame to Religious Studies</strong> - The singer-songwriter’s sudden celebrity made her a kind of minister without training. So she went and got some. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2024/04/15/maggie-rogers-profile">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Battling Under a Canopy of Russian and Ukrainian Drones</strong> - The commander of one of Ukraine’s most skilled units sent his men on a dangerous mission that required them to elude a swarm of aerial threats. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2024/04/15/battling-under-a-canopy-of-drones">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Park Chan-wook Gets the Picture He Wants</strong> - With “The Sympathizer,” the director of “Oldboy” and “The Handmaiden” comes to American television. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2024/04/15/park-chan-wook-profile">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>How Chinese Students Experience America</strong> - COVID, guns, anti-Asian violence, and diplomatic relations have complicated the ambitions of the some three hundred thousand college students who come to the U.S. each year. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2024/04/08/how-chinese-students-experience-america">link</a></p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-vox">From Vox</h1>
<ul>
<li><strong>The terrifying and awesome power of solar eclipses</strong> -
<figure>
<img alt="people in an outdoor crowd wear eclipse glasses and point to the sky." src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/B6kWT5rlvZzIGl6ibvPpFNhnjb0=/206x0:2873x2000/1310x983/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_image/image/73263238/GettyImages_2131320767.0.jpg"/>
<figcaption>
People react as the 2017 solar eclipse became visible through the clouds. | Alexandra Wimley/Chicago Tribune/Tribune News Service via Getty Images
</figcaption>
</figure>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Eclipses inspire awe, create opportunities for science — and cause angst among energy-grid operators.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="lSL4sh">
Today, millions of people will gather to marvel at the<a href="https://www.vox.com/science/2024/4/3/24119057/total-solar-eclipse-2024-explainers-analysis-updates"> total solar eclipse</a>.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="dTBWfY">
The awe that eclipses inspire <a href="https://www.vox.com/science-and-health/2017/7/17/15965422/solar-eclipse-2017-august-totality-awesome">is profound</a>. “You suddenly feel as though you can see the clockwork of the solar system. Where you think you lived doesn’t look like the same place anymore,” Ernie Wright, who creates data visualizations and eclipse maps for <a href="https://www.vox.com/space">NASA</a>, told Vox.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="pOLqgy">
“We kind of know — in the back of our minds — that we live in a giant ball and it revolves around a hot ball of gas, and we’re floating in space. But you don’t really believe it until you see something like a total solar eclipse, where everything is all lined up and you go <em>whoaaa</em>.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="QFZ7X8">
But that same power that inspires awe can also be seriously disruptive to — and sometimes scary for — life on Earth.
</p>
<div class="c-float-right">
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="nc1I7D">
For some communities in the path of totality, tens of thousands of out-of-town eclipse-seekers are set to generate upward of <a href="https://www.vox.com/travel/2024/4/4/24120289/solar-eclipse-2024-tourism-texas-vermont-new-york">$1 billion in revenue</a> across numerous cities, from Austin, Texas, to Rochester, New York. Though lucrative,<a href="https://www.nbcnewyork.com/news/business/money-report/i-could-have-made-2100-cashing-in-on-solar-eclipse-tourism-why-i-chose-not-to-from-a-u-s-retiree-in-mazatlan-mexico/5289944/"> many places</a> are girding for water shortages, sewage and garbage issues, and horrendous traffic.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="mst8Ap">
The eclipse could also disrupt the US energy grid, threatening potential brownouts and blackouts in some areas of the country.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="rCMxz1">
Solar eclipses aren’t just spectator events; they’re also an opportunity to study our solar system and our energy systems at home.
</p>
<h3 id="I0qIwu">
Solar power, eclipsed
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="jWgosE">
As <a href="https://www.vox.com/24121090/solar-eclipse-2024-power-grid-energy-electricity-ercot">my colleague Umair Irfan reports</a>, the United States currently has more than<a href="https://www.climatecentral.org/climate-matters/a-decade-of-us-solar-growth-2024"> 139 gigawatts of solar electricity generation capacity</a>. That’s more than two and a half times the amount of solar that was on the grid<a href="https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy19osti/72170.pdf"> during the last total eclipse in 2017</a>. The upcoming eclipse will also shade a path<a href="https://www.vox.com/science/24105742/total-solar-eclipse-united-state-april-8-path-map-start-time-safety"> twice as wide</a> as the last one. Though much of the country will see some decline in <a href="https://www.vox.com/solar-energy">solar power</a> production, the biggest fall will be directly under the moon’s shadow.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="FfGnjV">
For the most part, <a href="https://www.vox.com/energy">power grid</a> operators aren’t too worried about outages or major problems during the eclipse. They saw this coming and planned for it. Unlike disruptions such as clouds, the moon passing between the Earth and the sun is easily predictable up to <a href="https://www.astronomy.com/observing/humans-have-been-predicting-eclipses-for-thousands-of-years-but-its-harder-than-you-might-think/">1,000 years in advance</a>.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="zckcJI">
Behind the scenes, though, it will require a carefully choreographed series of energy transactions to precisely ramp up electricity from a handful of generators and route it across hundreds of miles of transmission lines to millions of customers to precisely match the needs of every monitor, air conditioner, and light bulb the instant they turn on.
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="AOxrjI">
What they learn during this totality will prove useful as even more intermittent power sources connect to the grid. Power generators and transmission systems face even more severe stresses from rising energy demand and threats like<a href="https://www.energy.gov/gdo/articles/protecting-our-electric-grid-wildfire"> wildfires</a>, <a href="https://www.vox.com/23292669/drought-2022-power-energy-grid-lake-mead-climate-heat-hoover-dam">drought</a>, and storms, many<a href="https://www.gao.gov/products/gao-21-423t"> worsened by climate change</a>.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="kVVB8e">
Texas provides a good example: It has the <a href="https://www.seia.org/research-resources/top-10-solar-states-0">second-largest solar capacity in the US</a> and the path of the totality cuts straight through it. According to the National Renewable Energy Laboratory, the state is projected to see a nearly 60 gigawatt drop in solar power production when the eclipse passes over.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="vzIpYx">
The Texas grid operator, ERCOT, has been running simulations and modeling how the eclipse will affect the state’s power network, which, unlike the rest of the continental US, has few connections to other states. That means it can’t easily buy or sell electricity across state lines if it has too much or (in this case) too little power.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="YlW2Po">
But for an ordinary power user — someone like you — it’s unlikely you’ll notice anything about your electricity during the eclipse. Some utilities might have to scramble to secure extra power, but that won’t manifest at the outlet.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="SiJZpb">
Phew.
</p>
<figure class="e-image">
<img alt="A field of solar panels." src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/0R11NTij2o5FgxaymNm59CHHkeg=/800x0/filters:no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/25375030/1780214581.jpg"/> <cite>Jordan Vonderhaar/Bloomberg via Getty Images</cite>
<figcaption>
The US currently has more than two and a half times the amount of solar that was on the grid<a class="ql-link" href="https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy19osti/72170.pdf" target="_blank"> </a>during the last total eclipse in 2017.
</figcaption>
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<h3 id="du7WqW">
Are there other people working to prevent Earthly disruptions?
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="zE0FhM">
Eclipses are a rare moment to observe the solar corona, the sun’s outer atmosphere that can be observed radiating from the eclipsed sun’s outer edges, and the dynamic of solar weather, which can wreak havoc on life on Earth. Radiation from solar storms often ends up hitting the planet, which can lead to beautiful phenomena like the northern lights. But it can also cause massive problems, like energy grid disruptions, major blackouts, or even <a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2303.02330">taking down</a> satellites.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Q8rLmw">
Despite how much damage solar storms can do to our tech on Earth, scientists are still struggling to predict them. And that’s because they don’t understand everything about how the corona works. Even though it extends far out from the surface of the sun into freezing cold space, the corona is still a million degrees hotter than the surface of the sun. And scientists aren’t sure why.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Jlq9SO">
This is why Shadia Habbal, a professor of solar physics at the University of Hawaii, became an eclipse chaser.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="6u7uOW">
“We have some clues [about solar storms],” Habbal told Noam Hassenfeld <a href="https://link.chtbl.com/UnexEclipse">on a recent episode of Vox’s <em>Unexplainable</em></a>. “We know what’s causing them, but we can’t predict<em> </em>when they will happen. And that’s one of the things we’re trying to gather: some more information from our eclipse observations.”
</p>
<h3 id="Lt91IU">
When is the next eclipse?
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="e66Wnr">
A total solar eclipse happens somewhere<em> </em>in the world about every 18 months. The next one will be on<a href="https://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/5MCSEmap/2001-2100/2026-08-12.gif"> August 12, 2026,</a> and it will pass over Spain, Iceland, and Greenland. The one after that? August 2, 2027,<a href="https://www.timeanddate.com/eclipse/solar/2027-august-2"> over North Africa</a>.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="tpbaUo">
NASA keeps a<em> </em>catalog of all the eclipses (both <a href="http://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/SEpubs/5MCSE.html">solar</a> and <a href="http://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/LEcat5/LEcatalog.html">lunar</a>) that have occurred or will occur from 1999 BCE to 3000 CE. Check that calendar and you’ll see that the next solar eclipse over the United States will be visible in<a href="https://nationaleclipse.com/maps/map_03302033.html#:~:text=On%20March%2030%2C%202033%2C%20a,2%20minutes%20and%2037%20seconds."> Alaska in 2033</a>. For the lower 48? 2045.
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See you then.
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="4yQLw5">
<em>This story appeared originally in </em><a href="https://www.vox.com/today-explained-podcast"><em><strong>Today, Explained</strong></em></a><em>, Vox’s flagship daily newsletter. </em><a href="https://www.vox.com/pages/today-explained-newsletter-signup"><em><strong>Sign up here for future editions</strong></em></a><em>.</em>
</p></li>
<li><strong>The radical social conservatives who could define Trump’s second term</strong> -
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<img alt="Trump, wearing a navy suit and a red baseball cap, faces away from the camera while delivering a speech." src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/KakIpPZMzHXR0DGncDS8VIY7Dzg=/304x0:5168x3648/1310x983/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_image/image/73263159/GettyImages_2089735306.0.jpg"/>
<figcaption>
Former President Donald Trump speaks to supporters during a rally at the Dayton International Airport on March 16 in Vandalia, Ohio. His rallies have taken on a religious undertone as Trump tailors his message to conservative forces. | Getty Images
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
From a “Department of Life” to a “future regime” led by Christian men, their ideas could have an outsize influence on Trump’s policies.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="XpyTpN">
As president, Trump delivered for anti-<a href="https://www.vox.com/abortion">abortion</a> voters in the biggest way possible by appointing the three <a href="https://www.vox.com/scotus">Supreme Court</a> justices who cast the deciding votes to overturn <a href="https://www.vox.com/2022/5/3/23055125/roe-v-wade-abortion-rights-supreme-court-dobbs-v-jackson"><em>Roe v. Wade</em></a>.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="1AdGhp">
Rather than campaigning on that gift to the anti-abortion movement this year, however, he’s largely running away from it — no doubt because <a href="https://www.vox.com/politics/24101209/abortion-reproductive-freedom-biden-2024-election">pro-abortion-rights candidates and measures</a> have been consistently winning since <em>Roe</em> fell.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="9L9JsD">
In <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2024/03/20/us/politics/trump-15-week-federal-abortion-ban.html">voicing his (potential) support</a> for a 15-week federal ban on the procedure, Trump also said the issue should be left to the states, and that activists pushing for stiffer federal bans should understand that “you have to win elections.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Rug3XV">
Endorsing a 15-week ban (which would be <a href="https://slate.com/news-and-politics/2023/11/biden-vs-trump-2024-nationwide-abortion-ban.html?pay=1712325345295&amp;support_journalism=please">very unlikely to pass</a> <a href="https://www.vox.com/congress">Congress</a>) is Trump’s way of telling moderate and independent voters that “he’s not going to make abortion an issue,” said Mary Ziegler, a law professor at UC Davis and author of the book<em> </em><a href="https://www.amazon.com/Abortion-Law-America-Wade-Present/dp/1108735592/ref=pd_lpo_1?pd_rd_i=1108735592&amp;psc=1"><em>Abortion and the Law in America: Roe v. Wade to the Present</em></a><em>. </em>
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="S1QC0w">
Indeed, part of Trump’s success in the polls thus far appears to stem from his ability to capture independent voters who are dissatisfied with the <a href="https://www.vox.com/economy">economy</a> and angry about immigration, but who may not identify as religious or even as conservative. It’s plausible that Trump might let abortion politics — and issues of reproductive and family policy more generally — fade into the background in a second term. After all, it’s “not something he instinctively cares a lot about,” said Matthew Wilson, a political science professor at Southern Methodist University.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="cfwuyS">
However, there are powerful groups within Trump’s coalition — both his base of supporters and his stable of former and current advisers — who do care a lot about <a href="https://newrepublic.com/article/178848/ban-abortion-trump-lgbtq-project-2025">abortion</a>. And <a href="https://www.vox.com/24087411/anti-abortion-roe-dobbs-birth-control-contraception-ivf">contraception</a>. And <a href="https://www.pbs.org/newshour/show/how-a-second-trump-presidency-could-impact-the-lgbtq-community">gender identity</a>. And <a href="https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2023/09/no-fault-divorce-laws-republicans-repeal/675371/">marriage</a>.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="p0QbKK">
Trump’s message to these groups, <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2024/04/01/us/politics/trump-2024-religion.html">cloaked in religious language</a>, is much different from the one he’s delivering to moderates. And they’re likely to have an outsize influence on policy in a second Trump term, in part because Trump has few <a href="https://www.vox.com/social-policy">social policy</a> positions of his own.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="dcn3XL">
Understanding those actors is key to predicting how he and his surrogates might govern in 2025, if they get the chance.
</p>
<h3 id="6kXD5P">
The Heritage Foundation and other conservative think tanks
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="BoZoCO">
<a href="https://www.semafor.com/article/03/08/2024/how-project-2025-became-the-biden-campaigns-favorite-target">The Biden campaign</a> in recent weeks has directed a lot of attention toward Project 2025, a kind of super-team of conservative think tanks and interest groups tasked with creating a playbook for <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2024/02/29/opinion/project-2025-trump-administration.html">“the next conservative administration.”</a>
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Mnku0s">
Led by the Heritage Foundation, the project includes on its <a href="https://project2025.org/about/advisory-board/">advisory board</a> both old-line anti-abortion groups like Susan B. Anthony Pro-Life America (once Susan B. Anthony List) and groups like the Claremont Institute, which <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2022/08/03/magazine/claremont-institute-conservative.html">rose to prominence</a> during Trump’s presidency. The playbook itself, titled <a href="https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/24088042-project-2025s-mandate-for-leadership-the-conservative-promise"><em>Mandate for Leadership: The Conservative Promise</em></a>, is more than 800 pages long and includes chapters on how the next conservative president (Trump is not mentioned by name) should overhaul the Departments of Justice and Health and Human Services (HHS). Some of its prescriptions:
</p>
<ul>
<li id="bDHK2z">
<strong>Rescinding FDA approval of </strong><a href="https://www.vox.com/scotus/2024/3/21/24105984/supreme-court-mifepristone-abortion-pills-fda-alliance-hippocratic-medicine"><strong>mifepristone</strong></a>, one of the drugs used in medication abortion (something a Trump-appointed HHS secretary could do without approval from FDA scientists, <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2024/01/29/opinion/biden-trump-abortion-election.html">Ziegler has written</a>).
</li>
<li id="jEqeik">
<strong>Prosecuting people who send </strong><a href="https://www.vox.com/2023/4/10/23677220/texas-abortion-pills-usa-updates-mifepristone-misoprostol-kacsmaryk"><strong>abortion pills</strong></a><strong> by mail</strong> using the <a href="https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2023/1/22/23539363/abortion-medication-mifepristone-supreme-court-pills-comstock-matthew-kacsmaryk">Comstock Act</a>, a little-known <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2024/01/29/opinion/biden-trump-abortion-election.html">1873 law</a> banning the mailing of “obscene, lewd, lascivious, indecent, filthy or vile” materials. (This would cut off one of the only pathways for getting an abortion in red states.)
</li>
<li id="n4Rym8">
<strong>Promoting a “family agenda”</strong> that states that “men and women are biological realities” and “married men and women are the ideal, natural family structure.” The document also recommends that HHS “install a pro-life task force” and “return to being known as the Department of Life,” a nickname <a href="https://theweek.com/speedreads/891410/alex-azar-just-called-health-human-services-department-life">introduced under Trump</a>.
</li>
</ul>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="9SZ1gL">
The Trump campaign has <a href="https://www.axios.com/2024/03/02/heritage-foundation-trump-allies-abortion">not acknowledged</a> <em>Mandate for Leadership</em> as any kind of playbook. “All 2024 campaign policy announcements will be made by <a href="https://www.vox.com/donald-trump">President Trump</a> or members of his campaign team,” campaign officials said in <a href="https://www.donaldjtrump.com/news/e008b76c-9f0e-408a-b73f-24735d234914">a November statement</a>. “Policy recommendations from external allies are just that — recommendations.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="cZ2bO4">
“Project 2025 does not speak for President Trump or his campaign,” a spokesperson for the project told Vox in an email.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="rfmM3H">
Nonetheless, many of the authors of <em>Mandate</em> are members of the first <a href="https://www.vox.com/trump-administration">Trump administration</a> who would likely have roles in a second.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="66fKWi">
Roger Severino, the author of the HHS chapter, was the director of the HHS Office for Civil Rights under Trump, a role in which he oversaw the <a href="https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2020/06/12/868073068/transgender-health-protections-reversed-by-trump-administration">removal of nondiscrimination protections for LGBTQ Americans</a> in <a href="https://www.vox.com/health-care">health care</a> settings. Gene Hamilton, the author of the Justice Department chapter, served in Trump’s DOJ and Department of Homeland Security and worked on the <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/trumps-zero-tolerance-border-policy-was-pushed-aggressively-by-jeff-sessions-despite-warnings-justice-department-review-finds/2021/01/14/b283093a-567a-11eb-89bc-7f51ceb6bd57_story.html">“zero tolerance” immigration policy</a> that <a href="https://www.vox.com/2018/6/11/17443198/children-immigrant-families-separated-parents">separated children from their parents</a> at the border.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="9pG5GQ">
“These are all people that, in theory, Trump listens to,” Ziegler said.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="CM1W0w">
When it came to abortion policy in Trump’s first term, “he delegated,” Ziegler added. Odds are he would do so again, and Project 2025 gives some clues about how and to whom.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="yqrCpU">
Trump’s first presidential campaign “did not have a blueprint” for governing because “they did not believe they could win,” said Mini Timmaraju, president of Reproductive Freedom for All (formerly NARAL Pro-Choice America). Trump was still able to stack the court system to wipe out the federal right to an abortion and “completely gut and in some ways remake federal agencies.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Nioz67">
“That was with no prep,” Timmaraju said. “I take these guys incredibly seriously.”
</p>
<h3 id="ODxJU4">
Anti-woke influencers
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="WBvmXj">
While some in the Republican coalition work on plans to ban abortion pills, others are continuing the battle against what they’ve branded as liberal “<a href="https://www.vox.com/culture/21437879/stay-woke-wokeness-history-origin-evolution-controversy">woke</a>” culture, including protections for <a href="https://www.vox.com/lgbtq">LGBTQ</a> Americans and efforts toward diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI).
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Blj6AW">
This group includes a newer, more unpredictable part of the conservative ecosystem: the podcasters and <a href="https://www.vox.com/influencers">influencers</a> who could turn out votes for Trump in 2024, from <a href="https://www.vox.com/culture/22945864/joe-rogan-politics-spotify-controversy">Joe Rogan</a> to <a href="https://www.thenation.com/article/politics/nelk-trump-2024/">the Nelk Boys</a>. These voices speak directly to young men who might not go to church or think that much about abortion policy, but who can maybe be persuaded that Democrats are waging a <a href="https://www.vox.com/politics/24078282/zyn-pouches-tucker-carlson-schumer-republicans-2024">war on men</a> and that Donald Trump can stop them.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="tuoU4m">
This constituency is dear to Trump’s heart — he and Donald Trump Jr. have both <a href="https://www.thenation.com/article/politics/nelk-trump-2024/">appeared on the Nelk Boys’ podcast</a>, and he has anointed Nick Adams, an <a href="https://slate.com/news-and-politics/2024/03/donald-trump-2024-news-nick-adams-republicans.html">over-the-top Australian influencer</a> who calls himself “the Godfather of the ‘Alpha King’ movement,” by writing the foreword for his book.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="2Zcsm9">
There’s also plenty of overlap, ideologically, between think tanks and anti-woke influencers. Anti-trans rhetoric and policy recommendations crop up throughout <em>Mandate for Leadership</em>, whose foreword proclaims that “children suffer the toxic normalization of transgenderism with drag queens and pornography invading their school libraries.” The document also calls for deleting the terms diversity, equity, and inclusion from every federal rule as part of a drive to “make the institutions of American civil society hard targets for woke culture warriors.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="mPkBJp">
Meanwhile, conservative activists see an opening around “woke” culture issues, especially since other right-wing social positions, like opposition to abortion, are politically unpopular. They’re looking at <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/education/2023/05/05/trans-poll-gop-politics-laws/">polls</a> showing that majorities of Americans support restrictions on gender-affirming medical treatments for minors and trans women participating in women’s sports, Wilson said (though a majority also support prohibitions on discrimination against trans people).
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="83bxeh">
While Trump <a href="https://www.cnn.com/interactive/2017/politics/state/donald-trump-religion/">doesn’t actually care</a> much about <a href="https://www.vox.com/religion">religion</a>, he does love <a href="https://www.vox.com/2017/9/26/16360118/trump-nfl-protest-culture-war-race-kaepernick">stoking culture wars</a>, so his personal interests are perhaps more aligned with the anti-woke crusaders than with old-line evangelical abortion opponents. All this suggests that trans rights and DEI could remain fixations for him and his party in a second term.
</p>
<h3 id="vfYZCC">
Christian nationalists
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="O39Icq">
A third group that’s influential for Trump on social issues is the Christian nationalist movement, whose adherents believe “the U.S. is a Christian nation and that the country’s laws should therefore be rooted in Christian values,” <a href="https://www.npr.org/2023/02/14/1156642544/more-than-half-of-republicans-support-christian-nationalism-according-to-a-new-s">according to NPR</a>. More than half of Republicans supported these views in <a href="https://www.npr.org/2023/02/14/1156642544/more-than-half-of-republicans-support-christian-nationalism-according-to-a-new-s">a 2023 PRRI/Brookings</a> survey, and the ideology counts among its adherents Rep. Marjorie Taylor Greene (R-GA), who has said, “I am a Christian and I say it proudly: We should be Christian nationalists.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="niXezl">
The idea that American laws should be rooted in Christianity isn’t new on the right, but some observers are concerned about the extent to which Christian nationalists today prioritize their worldview over democracy. The Society for American Civic Renewal (SACR), for example, a group open only to straight Christian men who hold supportive views of Trump, has discussed an “aligned future regime” stocked with loyalists, <a href="https://talkingpointsmemo.com/news/inside-a-secret-society-of-prominent-right-wing-christian-men-prepping-for-a-national-divorce">Josh Kovensky writes for Talking Points Memo</a>.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="wHupOt">
SACR’s founder, Charles Haywood, has <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/aug/22/charles-haywood-claremont-institute-sacr-far-right">speculated openly</a> about his role in a potential civil war, writing that he might serve as a “warlord” in “conditions where central authority has broken down,” such as “more-or-less open warfare with the federal government, or some subset or remnant of it.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="rQxLC5">
Abortion comes up frequently as a touchstone for Christian nationalist groups, said Kristin Kobes Du Mez, a professor of history and gender studies at Calvin University who studies religion and politics. “I have seen that issue surface in explicitly Christian nationalist spaces as a reason to jettison democracy,” Du Mez told Vox.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="CuLNjQ">
Christian nationalists were <a href="https://news.yahoo.com/radical-beliefs-in-spiritual-warfare-played-a-major-role-in-jan-6-an-expert-argues-100039606.html">heavily involved in the January 6</a> Capitol riot, experts say, with <a href="https://baptistnews.com/article/the-new-apostolic-reformation-drove-the-january-6-riots-so-why-was-it-overlooked-by-the-house-select-committee/">four of six protest permits</a> issued that day going to groups with links to the movement. Adherents remain some of Trump’s most committed supporters, said Laura Field, a political theorist and scholar in residence at American University. “Some of them talk about him as a new Cyrus” — a <a href="https://www.vox.com/identities/2018/3/5/16796892/trump-cyrus-christian-right-bible-cbn-evangelical-propaganda">Persian king referenced in the Old Testament</a> who did not worship the Jewish God but nonetheless carried out God’s plans, Field said.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="BYvg0u">
Trump speaks directly to such supporters in <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2024/04/01/us/politics/trump-2024-religion.html">prayer-style closings of recent campaign speeches</a>, promising, “we are one movement, one people, one family and one glorious nation under God.” He has also <a href="https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/trump-jan-6-riot-campaign-rallying-cry/story?id=106148590">leaned into the legacy of January 6</a>, calling the date of the insurrection a “beautiful day” and playing a song at rallies sung by incarcerated participants, whom he calls “J6 hostages.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="wgTiG1">
While it’s unclear how much of the vision (or visions) held by Christian nationalists could realistically come to pass in a second Trump administration, it is clear that these groups now represent, to a great degree, Trump’s base, one he’s been courting zealously on what he hopes is his second journey to the White House.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="tAAbWA">
There’s a lot of overlap between the think-tank world, anti-woke influencers, and Christian nationalists. Ryan P. Williams, president of the Claremont Institute, is also a <a href="https://talkingpointsmemo.com/news/inside-a-secret-society-of-prominent-right-wing-christian-men-prepping-for-a-national-divorce">board member of SACR</a>. And the male supremacist ethos of the anti-woke podcasters fits right in with the tenets of Christian nationalists, who often see men as the rightful heads of both household and state.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="jZOpNa">
But perhaps the biggest area of overlap lies in approach. Post-<em>Dobbs</em>, anti-abortion forces have undergone a reinvention, becoming “a movement less focused on winning over the public and more focused on exercising power through the executive and the courts,” Ziegler said.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="jZCuSz">
That determination to push through unpopular <a href="https://www.vox.com/policy">policies</a> through consolidation of power runs through <em>Mandate for Leadership</em> and through the ideas of Christian nationalist groups as well.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Ijnk1g">
It’s a reminder that while Trump does need to pay attention to public opinion during his campaign — hence his (sometimes) careful language around issues like abortion — a big part of his appeal as a candidate and the leader of a movement is his perceived ability to flout public opinion and do whatever he and his most loyal supporters want.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="IFCMMc">
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="4eLdWC">
</p></li>
<li><strong>When is the next total solar eclipse?</strong> -
<figure>
<img alt="A partial solar eclipse that shows a crescent-shaped rim of the sun against a black sky." src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/qa_aR3z2aSeM2uhgcOqv9MaEXp8=/278x0:4722x3333/1310x983/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_image/image/73263140/1726781622.0.jpg"/>
<figcaption>
Camilo Freedman/SOPA Images/LightRocket via Getty Images
</figcaption>
</figure>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Don’t worry if you missed the 2024 eclipse. There will be more.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="s8X1xZ">
Total solar eclipses like the<a href="https://www.vox.com/science/24105742/total-solar-eclipse-united-state-april-8-path-map-start-time-safety"> one crossing America today</a> are beautiful, but they’re fleeting. Totality, when the sun is completely covered by the moon, lasts just a few minutes. And the whole thing — from the start of the partial eclipse to the end — takes just a few hours. The experience is sublime, but it’ll leave you wanting more.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="KxIgxl">
Here’s the good news: Total solar eclipses happen somewhere<em> </em>in the world about every 18 months. That’s how long it takes for the <a href="https://www.vox.com/science/24105742/total-solar-eclipse-united-state-april-8-path-map-start-time-safety">specific conditions that create eclipses </a>(the phases of the moon, the distance of the moon to Earth, and the moon crossing the plane of Earth’s orbit) to line back up.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="s5i4h4">
The next total solar eclipse will be on <a href="https://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/5MCSEmap/2001-2100/2026-08-12.gif">August 12, 2026</a>, and it will pass over Spain, Iceland, and Greenland. The one after that? August 2, 2027, <a href="https://www.timeanddate.com/eclipse/solar/2027-august-2">over North Africa</a>.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="aN0KXR">
<a href="https://www.vox.com/space">NASA</a> keeps a<em> </em>catalog of all the eclipses (both <a href="http://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/SEpubs/5MCSE.html">solar</a> and <a href="http://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/LEcat5/LEcatalog.html">lunar</a>) that have occurred or will occur from 1999 BCE to 3000 CE.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="lSQW8I">
That’s why we know, for instance, that on January 27, 2837, a total solar eclipse <a href="http://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/SEsearch/SEsearchmap.php?Ecl=28370127">will pass over southern Mexico</a>. (Will any humans<strong> </strong>be around to see it?)
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="VDcRTB">
The next solar eclipse over the United States will be visible in <a href="https://nationaleclipse.com/maps/map_03302033.html#:~:text=On%20March%2030%2C%202033%2C%20a,2%20minutes%20and%2037%20seconds.">Alaska in 2033</a>. And the next one in the lower 48 states will be in 2045.
</p>
<figure class="e-image">
<img alt="A globe showing the paths of all solar eclipses of the 21st century." src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/JzruMZh2DwIE8c88PhjKuZeIh3g=/800x0/filters:no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/8889767/21stCenturyNorthAmericanEclipses.png"/> <cite><a class="ql-link" href="https://www.greatamericaneclipse.com/future/" target="_blank">Great American Eclipse</a></cite>
</figure>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="GwhbcC">
</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-the-hindu-sports">From The Hindu: Sports</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>“Just M.S. Dhoni things…”: former Chennai Super Kings captain smashes massive sixes ahead of Kolkata Knight Riders clash</strong> - Chennai Super Kings are positioned number 4 in the points table; while Kolkata Knight Riders are at second position.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>IPL-17 | Inconsistent Punjab Kings face unpredictable Sunrisers Hyderabad in mid-table clash</strong> - Both SRH and PBKS have two wins and two losses from their four matches to be tied with two other teams in the middle with four points and they will be desperate to break out of the mid-table logjam first.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>IPL 2024 | Pace sensation Mayank Yadav suffers stride strain, didn’t bowl after one over</strong> - Mayank Yadav came to bowl in the fourth over of Titans’ chase of 164, but he could clock in excess of 140 kmph only twice in the over before walking off the field with the LSG physio</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>IPL-17 | Lizaad Williams joins Delhi Capitals</strong> - Since making his international debut in 2021, the 30-year-old Williams has represented South Africa in two Tests, four ODIs and 11 T20 Internationals. He has joined Delhi Capitals at his base price of ₹50 lakh.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Morning Digest | Number of women candidates contesting Lok Sabha elections grew 16-fold from 1957 to 2019; Onion traders cry foul over underpriced exports to UAE, and more</strong> - Here is a select list of stories to start the day</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-the-hindu-national-news">From The Hindu: National News</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Bengaluru police arrest man who posed as doctor and cheated cab drivers</strong> - Based on a complaint, a police team, led by Inspector Raju G.P., tracked down the accused and arrested him from his house at Tambaram in Chennai. The police recovered 21 fake notes of ₹500 denomination and nine mobile phones worth ₹90,000 from him.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Air India and BIAL sign agreement to make Bengaluru premier aviation hub of south India</strong> - Air India said that this partnership will stimulate the MRO ecosystem and is projected to generate over 1,200 new job opportunities for highly skilled individuals in the State.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Tamil Nadu businessman jumps off 19th floor of hotel in Bengaluru</strong> - He had checked in at the hotel in High Grounds on April 6</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Fakir Dingaleshwara swami accuses BJP of discriminating between communities in Karnataka, says his fight in Dharwad against Union Minister Pralhad Joshi is for self-respect</strong> - He pointed out that the BJP has given tickets to three persons from the small community of Brahmins while other communities have been denied their share</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Lok Sabha elections | PM Modi to conduct roadshow in Chennai on April 9; strict traffic arrangements in place</strong> - It may be recalled that the Chennai city police had already banned flying of drones and unmanned aerial vehicles within its jurisdiction from March 1 till April 29</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-bbc-europe">From BBC: Europe</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Germany faces genocide case over Israel weapon sales</strong> - Nicaragua accused Berlin of “facilitating” genocide by selling over $300m worth of weapons to Israel.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Ukraine nuclear plant drone strike prompts warning</strong> - The International Atomic Energy Agency warns Russia and Ukraine not to attack nuclear facilities.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Bucha’s wounds still raw two years on</strong> - A town known for its brutal Russian occupation is being cleaned up and rebuilt, but for many the emotional scars remain.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Russia-friendly populist elected Slovak president</strong> - Peter Pellegrini accused his rival of being a warmonger who would send Slovak soldiers to fight in Ukraine.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>‘Worst floods in decades’ hit Kazakhstan and Russia</strong> - Tens of thousands are evacuated in northern Kazakhstan, amid warnings that floods are spreading in Russia.</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-ars-technica">From Ars Technica</h1>
<ul>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A frozen lake and several Lamborghinis provide lessons on traction control</strong> - Electronic traction control is more important than ever as electric motors proliferate. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=2013397">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Why are there so many species of beetles?</strong> - Diet played a key role in the evolution of the vast beetle family tree. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=2015249">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Claims of TikTok whistleblower may not add up</strong> - He only worked there 6 months and many of his allegations are improbable at best. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=2015275">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>NASA knows what knocked Voyager 1 offline, but it will take a while to fix</strong> - “Engineers are optimistic they can find a way for the FDS to operate normally.” - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=2015200">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>$158,000 ALS drug pulled from market after failing in large clinical trial</strong> - The drug is now unavailable to new patients; its maker to lay off 70% of employees. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=2015321">link</a></p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-jokes-subreddit">From Jokes Subreddit</h1>
<ul>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A farmer was in a bar drinking and looking all depressed. His friend asked him why he was looking depressed and he replied, "Some things you just can’t explain.</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF --></p>
<div class="md">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
This morning I was outside milking a cow. As soon as the bucket was full the cow kicked it down with his left foot so I tied up his left foot to a pole. I began to fill up the bucket again and he kicked it down with his right foot, so I tied his right foot to a pole too. As soon as I finished milking the cow again he knocked down the bucket with his tail and I took off my belt and tied up his tail with my belt. As I was tying up his tail, my pants dropped down, then my wife came out and well, trust me, some things you just can’t explain."
</p>
</div>
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/YZXFILE"> /u/YZXFILE </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/1byqsk6/a_farmer_was_in_a_bar_drinking_and_looking_all/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/1byqsk6/a_farmer_was_in_a_bar_drinking_and_looking_all/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>(NSFW) A sumo wrestler is getting married to a very small woman.</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF --></p>
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
A massive sumo wrestler, about 6’7, and over 450lbs, is getting married. His wife is very, very small, about 4’5 and maybe 90 lbs or so.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
After they say their vows, a few of his friends come up to him, and one says- “This is gonna sound rude, but how the hell do you guys have sex?”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
The sumo responds, “Well, I lift her up, place her on my dick, and move her up and down with both hands”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Oh“, says the guy,”that’s not too bad"
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Sumo replies- “Yeah, its a lot like jacking off, except now I have someone to talk to.”
</p>
</div>
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/eskimopoodle"> /u/eskimopoodle </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/1bypowc/nsfw_a_sumo_wrestler_is_getting_married_to_a_very/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/1bypowc/nsfw_a_sumo_wrestler_is_getting_married_to_a_very/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Barack Obama walks into a bar, but he is invisible.</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF --></p>
<div class="md">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
After attracting the bartender’s attention, the bartender says “Ok, I’ll bite. Why are you invisible?”<br/> Barack says “Well, I found a bottle on the beach and…then I rubbed it.” “And then…importantly…A genie came out.” “The genie said I could have…3 wishes.”<br/> For my first wish, I said “Let me say this, and this is profoundly important…I want Michelle to marry me…I love her,…and I think America will love her too.” That wish was granted.<br/> For my second wish, I said “Like all patriotic Americans, I am deeply patriotic…and I want to be President…of the United States…so I can serve my country.” That wish was granted too.<br/> And then, for my third wish, I started by saying “Let me be clear…”
</p>
</div>
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/kylie_doll"> /u/kylie_doll </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/1byaodw/barack_obama_walks_into_a_bar_but_he_is_invisible/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/1byaodw/barack_obama_walks_into_a_bar_but_he_is_invisible/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A man finds a lamp with a genie inside</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF --></p>
<div class="md">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
A man finds a lamp with a genie inside. The genie tells the man that he can grant him one wish. Since the man is already quite wealthy and relatively happy, he asks for the only thing bothering him at the moment - he asks to reach orgasm at the same time as his wife.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
After a few weeks, the man returns to the lamp, rubs it and the genie comes out.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
“Hey Genie, I’m afraid I’ll have to cancel my last wish.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
“What’s wrong? Did I make a mistake while granting the wish?” curiously asks the genie.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
“Well no, nothing’s wrong, but imagine this: You’re in the pub with your friends. You’re playing cards, drinking beer… and suddenly - Orgasm.”
</p>
</div>
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/Botosup"> /u/Botosup </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/1byczaj/a_man_finds_a_lamp_with_a_genie_inside/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/1byczaj/a_man_finds_a_lamp_with_a_genie_inside/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A man and his pig walk into a bar…</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF --></p>
<div class="md">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
(apologies if this has been posted before)
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
The pig has three good legs, and one wooden leg.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
“Now there’s a story,” says the barman. “I’ll give you a free beer if you tell me about the pig.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
“Pig’ll ’ave a beer too,” says the farmer.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
The barman agrees, and after downing half the tankard, the farmer says, "Now, this ’ere pig, ’es a good pig. Faithful, loyal, better at ’erding sheep than a dog, says me. Now I’ll tell you, we were out in the ute, and a tyre blew. Skidded off the track, and the truck rolled.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
“Now, I were stuck upside down and injured, like, but pig could get out. ’e crawled out of the window, trotted three mile over hill and through creek to get me wife, so ’e did. And when the ambulance arrived, pig trotted all three mile back to get them to me. Is a good pig, so ’e is. Saved me life, I reckon.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
The barman is suitably impressed, but says “That’s a hell of a story mate, but that doesn’t explain the wooden leg.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
“Oh that!” exclaims the farmer. “Oh, well, like I said, pig saved my life. An’ a pig like that, well, you don’t eat ’im all at once do yer!”
</p>
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/Eldon42"> /u/Eldon42 </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/1bysfzl/a_man_and_his_pig_walk_into_a_bar/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/1bysfzl/a_man_and_his_pig_walk_into_a_bar/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
</ul>
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