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<title>24 June, 2021</title>
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<h1 data-aos="fade-down" id="covid-19-sentry">Covid-19 Sentry</h1>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" data-aos-anchor-placement="top-bottom" id="contents">Contents</h1>
<ul>
<li><a href="#from-preprints">From Preprints</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-clinical-trials">From Clinical Trials</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-pubmed">From PubMed</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-patent-search">From Patent Search</a></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-preprints">From Preprints</h1>
<ul>
<li><strong>Self-reported impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, affective responding, and subjective well-being - A Swedish survey</strong> -
<div>
A rapid stream of research confirms that the COVID-19 pandemic is a global threat to mental health and psychological well-being. It is therefore important to identify both hazardous and protective individual factors during the pandemic. The current research exaplored the relationships between self-reported affective responding, perceived personal consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic, and subjective well-being. An online survey (N = 471) conducted in Sweden between June and September, 2020, showed that higher levels of irritability, impulsivity, and the tendency to experience and express anger were generally associated with more severe personal consequences of the pandemic, particularly in areas related to family life, work/study, and finances. While more severe impacts of the pandemic in these areas of life were directly associated with lower subjective well-being, emotion regulation through cognitive reappraisal appeared to moderate the extent to which consequences of the pandemic in other areas of life (i.e., social, free-time and physical activities) translated into decreased well-being. This suggests that cognitive reappraisal may serve to protect against some of the debilitating effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health. Overall, the results indicate that the perceived consequences of the pandemic are multifaceted and that future research should examine these consequences using a multidimensional approach.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://psyarxiv.com/3vt7a/" target="_blank">Self-reported impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, affective responding, and subjective well-being - A Swedish survey</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Associativity between COVID-19 Pandemic and Serious Mental Illness: Rapid Systematic Review within Salutogenesis Model for Public Health Management</strong> -
<div>
The COVID-19 Pandemic, SARS-COV-2 virus-form transformations, and ensuing psychosocial stress stemming from environmental change and isolation, has led to the conjecture that there would be a surge in psychosis cases. Intuitively, patients with Serious Mental Illness (SMI), like Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorder and Major Depression, would be particularly susceptible. Existing literature illustrates psychological distress as a primary effect of the Pandemic - on people with/without SMI. We initiated a rapid review to determine the impact of the SARS-COV-2 virus - in symptomatic and asymptomatic cases - on people with/without psychosis. We envisioned that this would provide insights on effective clinical-intervention methods for psychotic-patients, during and after the Pandemic. Our review draws from papers, published in 2020, that considered participants - with/without psychiatric illness and exposure to SARS-COV-2 infection. The Salutogenesis Model was used to comprehend observations from the systematic-review, leading to suggestions and recommendations for preventive and promotive public health strategies.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://psyarxiv.com/mgj45/" target="_blank">Associativity between COVID-19 Pandemic and Serious Mental Illness: Rapid Systematic Review within Salutogenesis Model for Public Health Management</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Correlates of Protection against symptomatic and asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Background: Although 6 COVID-19 vaccines have been approved by the World Health Organisation as of 7th June 2021, global supply remains limited. An understanding of the immune response associated with protection could facilitate rapid licensure of new vaccines. Methods: Data from a randomised efficacy trial of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (AZD1222) vaccine in the UK was analysed to determine the antibody levels associated with protection against SARS-CoV-2. Anti-spike and anti-RBD IgG by multiplex immunoassay, pseudovirus and live neutralizing antibody at 28 days after the second dose were measured in infected and non-infected vaccine recipients. Weighted generalised additive models for binary data were applied to outcome. Cubic spline smoothed log antibody levels, and baseline risk of exposure were the predictor variables with weights applied to account for selection bias in sample processing. Results: Higher levels of all immune markers were correlated with a reduced risk of symptomatic infection. Vaccine efficacy of 80% against primary symptomatic COVID-19 was achieved with antibody level of 40923 (95% CI: 16748, 125017) and 63383 (95% CI: 16903, not computed (NC)) for anti-spike and anti-RBD, and 185 (95% CI: NC, NC) and 247 (95% CI: 101, NC) for pseudo- and live-neutralisation assays respectively. Antibody responses did not correlate with overall protection against asymptomatic infection. Conclusions: Correlates of protection can be used to bridge to new populations using validated assays. The data can be used to extrapolate efficacy estimates for new vaccines where large efficacy trials cannot be conducted. More work is needed to assess correlates for emerging variants.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.21.21258528v1" target="_blank">Correlates of Protection against symptomatic and asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Trends in COVID-19 vaccination intent, determinants and reasons for vaccine hesitancy: results from repeated cross-sectional surveys in the adult general population of Greece during November 2020-June 2021</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Background: Vaccine hesitancy is a major barrier to achieve large-scale COVID-19 vaccination. We report trends in vaccination intention and associated determinants from surveys in the adult general population in Greece. Methods: Four cross-sectional phone surveys were conducted in November 2020, February, April and May 2021 on nationally representative samples of adults in Greece. Multinomial logistic regression was used on the combined data of the surveys to evaluate independent predictors of vaccination unwillingness/uncertainty. Results: Vaccination intention increased from 67.6% in November 2020 to 84.8%. in May 2021. Individuals aged 65 years or older were more willing to get vaccinated (May 2021: 92.9% vs. 79.5% in 18-39 years, p&lt;0.001) but between age-groups differences decreased over time. Vaccination intention increased substantially in both sexes, though earlier among men than women and was higher in individuals with postgraduate studies (May 2021: 91.3% vs. 84.0% up to junior high). From multivariable analysis, unwillingness and/or uncertainty to get vaccinated was associated with younger age, female gender (in particular in the April 2021 survey), lower educational level and living with a child ≤12 years old. Among those with vaccine hesitancy, concerns about vaccine effectiveness declined over time (21.6% in November 2020 vs. 9.6% in May 2021, p=0.014) and were reported more often by men; safety concerns remained stable over time (66.3% in November 2020 vs. 62.1% in May 2021, p=0.658) and were reported more often by women. Conclusions: Vaccination intention increased substantially over time. Tailored communication is needed to address vaccine hesitancy and concerns regarding vaccine safety.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.23.21259376v1" target="_blank">Trends in COVID-19 vaccination intent, determinants and reasons for vaccine hesitancy: results from repeated cross-sectional surveys in the adult general population of Greece during November 2020-June 2021</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Selective tweeting of COVID-19 articles: Does title or abstract positivity influence dissemination?</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Background: Previous research has shown that articles may be cited more frequently on the basis of title or abstract positivity. Whether a similar selective sharing practice exists on Twitter is not well understood. The objective of this study was to assess if COVID-19 articles with positive titles or abstracts were tweeted more frequently than those with non-positive titles or abstracts. Methods: COVID-19 related articles published between January 1st and April 14th, 2020 were extracted from the LitCovid database and all articles were screened for eligibility. Titles and abstracts were classified using a list of positive and negative words from a previous study. A negative binomial regression analysis controlling for confounding variables (2018 impact factor, open access status, continent of the corresponding author, and topic) was performed to obtain regression coefficients, with the p values obtained by likelihood ratio testing. Results: A total of 3752 COVID-19 articles were included. Of the included studies, 44 titles and 112 abstracts were positive; 1 title and 7 abstracts were negative; and 3707 titles and 627 abstracts were neutral. Articles with positive titles had a lower tweet rate relative to articles with non-positive titles, with a regression coefficient of -1.10 (P &lt; .001), while the positivity of the abstract did not impact tweet rate (P = .2218). Conclusion: COVID-19 articles with non-positive titles are preferentially tweeted, while abstract positivity does not influence tweet rate.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.22.21259354v1" target="_blank">Selective tweeting of COVID-19 articles: Does title or abstract positivity influence dissemination?</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Children’s psychological well-being and problem behavior during the COVID-19 pandemic: An online study during the lockdown period in Germany</strong> -
<div>
As COVID-19 dramatically changes human social life, restrictive lockdown periods to slow the spread of the virus have been suggested to particularly affect the psychological well-being of children and their families. To capture lockdown-related effects on a large scale, the present study used an online questionnaire completed by parents of 3-10-year-olds during the most restrictive lockdown period in Germany thus far (N = 2,672). Parents reported their stress level, their child’s well-being, and their child’s problem behaviors among others. Results showed that most parents and children experienced lockdown-related stress. Concerning children, not being able to meet with friends and family members outside the household emerged as the primary challenge. Older children (7-10 years) evidenced more emotional symptoms as well as less conduct problems and hyperactivity than younger children (3-6 years). Children’s own and their parents’ stress level, the degree to which children missed other children, and children’s age all showed to be negatively related to children’s general life satisfaction. Single parenthood and being an only child were associated with higher levels of child problems. Taken together, these findings shed light on the psychological well-being of children and their families during governmental lockdown measures, as well as on relations between children’s coping and demographic background. They have implications for possible avenues for interventions, inter alia by encouraging policies that facilitate the maintenance of social relationships and focus particularly on children from single parent families, on only children as well as on families in challenging housing situations.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://psyarxiv.com/mgqzt/" target="_blank">Children’s psychological well-being and problem behavior during the COVID-19 pandemic: An online study during the lockdown period in Germany</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Mindfully Reframing the Psychological Impact of the COVID-19 Outbreak Through a Social Media Community for Students: A Pragmatic Study</strong> -
<div>
The COVID-19 outbreak and the restrictions that have been enforced by the health authorities are having a profound psychological impact on the population. Many people, including the students, faced forced modifications to their daily lives and this prompted the need for scalable strategies to promote resilience. We designed an online community intervention for psychology students and recent alumni aimed to promote functional coping strategies through openness and cognitive flexibility. This psycho-educational intervention was delivered through a private group on social media (Facebook) and it involved the publication of exercises and quick lectures. Contents were posted regularly and people from the community were invited to share their comments. The posts included stimuli that promote open and flexible reflections on the current situation. The overall aim of this group was a cognitive reframing on the epidemic effects, promoting creative and flexible thinking. We ran a thematic analysis of the interactions, and we collected qualitative feedback at the end of the intervention. The participants’ comments dealt with changes in their perspectives, sharing discomfort, encouragement and support, and building a sense of community. Post-intervention comments were highly satisfied and confirmed the helpfulness of the stimuli to promote flexibility and openness, eventually helping to manage the negative emotions related to the COVID-19 outbreak. This study provides preliminary evidence that an online psycho-educational community stimulating flexibility and openness can help to reframe the negative psychological impact of the outbreak, improving their management.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://psyarxiv.com/d5wph/" target="_blank">Mindfully Reframing the Psychological Impact of the COVID-19 Outbreak Through a Social Media Community for Students: A Pragmatic Study</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Escaping to nature during a pandemic: A natural experiment in Asian cities during the COVID-19 pandemic with big social media data</strong> -
<div>
As global communities respond to the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), urban residents worldwide have reduced their mobility, which may have incidentally kept people away from greenspaces. Surprisingly, anecdotal evidence suggests greenspace use surged in Asian cities. In this study,we used the COVID-19 pandemic as a natural experiment to investigate individuals’ behavioral changes in greenspace use before and during the pandemic. We created a longitudinal panel dataset comprising Instagram posts from 100,232 users relating to 1185 greenspaces in four Asian cities: Hong Kong, Singapore, Tokyo, and Seoul. We found a 5.3% increase in the odds of people using greenspaces for every 100-case increase in weekly new cases. The models also revealed that people prefer nature parks that are large and close to city centers. In summary, because of the established physical and mental health benefits of greenspaces, people have been escaping to nature to cope with the pandemic in Asian cities.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://osf.io/preprints/socarxiv/rq8sn/" target="_blank">Escaping to nature during a pandemic: A natural experiment in Asian cities during the COVID-19 pandemic with big social media data</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>First identification of SARS-CoV-2 Lambda (C.37) variant in Southern Brazil</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
In June 15, 2021, the lineage Lambda (C.37) of SARS-CoV-2 was considered a variant of interest (VOI) by the World Health Organization. This lineage has high prevalence in some South America countries but it was described only occasionally in Brazil. Here we describe the first report of the SARS-CoV-2 Lambda variant in Southern Brazil. The sequence described in this paper presented all the eight C.37 defining lineage mutations (ORF1a gene: del916;3675-3677; Spike gene: del16;246-252, G75V, T76I, L452Q, F490S, D614G, and T859N) in addition to other 19 mutations. Considering that this VOI has been associated with high rates of transmissibility, the possible spread in the Southern Brazilian community is a matter of concern.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.21.21259241v1" target="_blank">First identification of SARS-CoV-2 Lambda (C.37) variant in Southern Brazil</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Safe in my heart: resting heart rate variability longitudinally predicts emotion regulation, worry and sense of safeness during COVID-19 lockdown</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Due to its ability to reflect the capacity to engage in context-appropriate responses, tonic heart rate variability (HRV) is considered a putative biomarker of stress resilience. However, most studies are cross-sectional, precluding causal inferences. The high levels of uncertainty and fear at a global level that characterize the COVID-19 pandemic offer a unique opportunity to investigate the longitudinal role of HRV in stress resilience. The present study examined whether HRV, measured about 2 years earlier (Time 0), could predict emotion regulation strategies and daily affect in healthy adults during the May 2020 lockdown (Time 1). Moreover, we evaluated the association between HRV measures, emotion regulation strategies, subjective perception of COVID-19 risk, and self-reported depressive symptoms at Time 1. Higher tonic HRV at Time 0 resulted a significant predictor of a stronger engagement in more functional emotion regulation strategies, as well as of higher daily feelings of safeness and reduced daily worry at Time 1. Moreover, depressive symptoms negatively correlated with HRV and positively correlated with the subjective perception of COVID-19 risk at Time 1. Current data support the view that HRV might be not only a marker but also a precursor of resilience under stressful times.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.17.21259071v1" target="_blank">Safe in my heart: resting heart rate variability longitudinally predicts emotion regulation, worry and sense of safeness during COVID-19 lockdown</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>The mental health of NHS staff during the COVID-19 pandemic: a two-wave cohort study</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Abstract: Background Health and social care workers(HSCWs) are at risk of experiencing adverse mental health (MH) outcomes (e.g., higher levels of anxiety and depression) as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. This can have a detrimental impact on quality of care, the national response to the pandemic and its aftermath. Aims A longitudinal design provided follow-up evidence on the MH(changes in the prevalence of disease over time) of NHS staff working in a remote health board in Scotland during the COVID-19 pandemic and investigated the determinants of MH outcomes over time. Method A two-wave longitudinal study was conducted from July to September 2020. Participants self-reported levels of depression(PHQ-9), anxiety(GAD-7), and mental well-being(WEMWBS) at baseline and again 1.5 months later. Results The analytic sample of 169 participants, working in community(43%) and hospital(44%) settings reported substantial levels of probable clinical depression, anxiety and low mental well-being(MWB) at baseline(depression:30.8%, anxiety:20.1%, low-MWB:31.9%). Whilst the MH of participants remained mostly constant over time, the proportion of participants meeting the threshold for clinical anxiety increased to 27.2% at follow-up. Multivariable modelling indicated that working with, and disruption due to COVID-19 were associated with adverse MH changes over time. Conclusions HSCWs working in a remote area with low COVID-19 prevalence, reported similar levels of substantial anxiety and depression as those working in areas of the UK with high rates of COVID-19 infections. Efforts to support HSCW MH must remain a priority and should minimize the adverse effects of working with, and the disruption caused by the COVID-19 pandemic.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.17.21259076v1" target="_blank">The mental health of NHS staff during the COVID-19 pandemic: a two-wave cohort study</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>The statistical analysis of daily data associated with different parameters of the New Coronavirus COVID-19 pandemic in Georgia and their short-term interval prediction in spring 2021</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
The lockdown introduced in Georgia on November 28, 2020 brought positive results. There are clearly positive tendencies in the spread of COVID-19 to February - first half of March 2021. However, in April-May 2021 there was a significant deterioration in the epidemiological situation. In this work results of the next statistical analysis of the daily data associated with New Coronavirus COVID-19 infection of confirmed (C), recovered (R), deaths (D) and infection rate (I) cases of the population of Georgia in the period from March 01, 2021 to May 31, 2021 are presented. It also presents the results of the analysis of two-week forecasting of the values of C, D and I. The information was regularly sent to the National Center for Disease Control &amp; Public Health of Georgia and posted on the Facebook page https://www.facebook.com/Avtandil1948/. The analysis of data is carried out with the use of the standard statistical analysis methods of random events and methods of mathematical statistics for the non-accidental time-series of observations. In particular, the following results were obtained. Georgia9s ranking in the world for Covid-19 monthly mean values of infection and deaths cases in spring 2021 (per 1 million population) was determined. Among 156 countries with population ≥ 1 million inhabitants in May 2021 Georgia was in the 11 place on new infection cases and in the 14 place on Death. A comparison between the daily mortality from Covid-19 in Georgia in spring 2021 with the average daily mortality rate in 2015-2019 shows, that the largest share value of D from mean death in 2015-2019 was 25.3 % (22.05.2021), the smallest 1.42 % (15.03.2021). Data about infection rate of the population of Georgia with Covid-19 according to traffic light system shown, that Georgia in April and May 2021 was in the red zone. The statistical analysis of the daily and decade data associated with coronavirus COVID-19 pandemic of confirmed, recovered, deaths cases and infection rate of the population of Georgia are carried out. Maximum daily values of investigation parameters are following: C = 2171 (05.05.2021), R = 2038 (17.05.2021), D = 33 (22.05.2021), I = 8.05 % (04.05.2020). Maximum mean decade values of investigation parameters are following: C = 1258 (3 Decade of April 2021), R = 1283 (2 Decade of May 2021), D = 24 (2 Decade of May 2021), I = 6.54 % (1 Decade of May 2021). It was found that as with September 2020 to February 2021 [8], in spring 2021 the regression equations for the time variability of the daily values of C, R and D have the form of a tenth order polynomial. Mean values of speed of change of confirmed -V(C), recovered - V(R), deaths - V(D) and infection rate V(I) coronavirus-related cases in different decades of months in the spring 2021 were determined. Maximum mean decade values of investigation parameters are following: V(C) = +37 cases/day (1 Decade of April 2021), V(R) = +36 cases/day (3 Decade of April 2021), V(D) = +0.6 cases/day (3 Decade of April 2021), V(I) = + 0.17 %/ day (2 and 3 decades of April 2021). Cross-correlations analysis between confirmed COVID-19 cases with recovered and deaths cases shows, that the maximum effect of recovery is observed 9 and 13 days after infection, and deaths - after 12-17 days. Comparison of real and calculated predictions data of C, D and I in Georgia are carried out. It was found that two-week daily and mean two-week real values of C, D and I practically fall into the 67% - 99.99% confidence interval of these predicted values for the specified time periods. The comparison of data about C and D in Georgia (GEO) with similar data in Armenia (ARM), Azerbaijan (AZE), Russia (RUS), Turkey (TUR) and in the World (WRL) is also carried out. Key words: New Coronavirus COVID-19, statistical analysis, short-term prediction.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.16.21259038v1" target="_blank">The statistical analysis of daily data associated with different parameters of the New Coronavirus COVID-19 pandemic in Georgia and their short-term interval prediction in spring 2021</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Unsupervised classification of SARS-CoV-2 genomic sequences uncovers hidden genetic diversity and suggests an efficient strategy for genomic surveillance</strong> -
<div>
Accurate and timely monitoring of emerging genomic diversity is crucial for limiting the spread of potentially more transmissible/pathogenic strains of SARS-CoV-2. At the time of writing, over 1.8M distinct viral genome sequences have been made publicly available, and a sophisticated nomenclature system based on phylogenetic evidence and expert manual curation has allowed the relatively rapid classification of emerging lineages of potential concern. Here, we propose a complementary approach that integrates fine-grained spatiotemporal estimates of allele frequency with unsupervised clustering of viral haplotypes, and demonstrate that multiple highly frequent genetic variants, arising within large and/or rapidly expanding SARS-CoV-2 lineages, have highly biased geographic distributions and are not adequately captured by current SARS-CoV-2 nomenclature standards. Our results advocate a partial revision of current methods used to track SARS-CoV-2 genomic diversity and highlight the importance of the application of strategies based on the systematic analysis and integration of regional data. Here we provide a complementary, completely automated and reproducible framework for the mapping of genetic diversity in time and across different geographic regions, and for the prioritization of virus variants of potential concern. We believe that the approach outlined in this study will contribute to relevant advances to current genomic surveillance methods.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.23.449558v1" target="_blank">Unsupervised classification of SARS-CoV-2 genomic sequences uncovers hidden genetic diversity and suggests an efficient strategy for genomic surveillance</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Comparative Structural Analyses of Selected Spike Protein-RBD Mutations in SARS-CoV-2 Lineages</strong> -
<div>
The severity of the covid 19 has been observed throughout the world as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) had spread globally claiming more than 2 million lives and left a devastating impact on peoples life. Recently several virulent mutant strains of this virus, such as the B.1.1.7, B.1.351, and P1 lineages have emerged. These strains are predominantly observed in UK, South Africa and Brazil. Another extremely pathogenic B.1.617 lineage and its sub-lineages, first detected in India, are now affecting some countries at notably stronger spread-rates. This paper computationally examines the time-based structures of B.1.1.7, B.1.351, P1 lineages with selected spike protein mutations. Additionally, the mutations in the more recently found B.1.617 lineage and some of its sub-lineages are explored, and the implications for multiple point mutations of the spike proteins receptor-binding domain (RBD) are described.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.23.449639v1" target="_blank">Comparative Structural Analyses of Selected Spike Protein-RBD Mutations in SARS-CoV-2 Lineages</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Increased lung cell entry of B.1.617.2 and evasion of antibodies induced by infection and BNT162b2 vaccination</strong> -
<div>
The delta variant of SARS-CoV-2, B.1.617.2, emerged in India and has subsequently spread to over 80 countries. B.1.617.2 rapidly replaced B.1.1.7 as the dominant virus in the United Kingdom, resulting in a steep increase in new infections, and a similar development is expected for other countries. Effective countermeasures require information on susceptibility of B.1.617.2 to control by antibodies elicited by vaccines and used for COVID-19 therapy. We show, using pseudotyping, that B.1.617.2 evades control by antibodies induced upon infection and BNT162b2 vaccination, although with lower efficiency as compared to B.1.351. Further, we found that B.1.617.2 is resistant against Bamlanivimab, a monoclonal antibody with emergency use authorization for COVID-19 therapy. Finally, we show increased Calu-3 lung cell entry and enhanced cell-to-cell fusion of B.1.617.2, which may contribute to augmented transmissibility and pathogenicity of this variant. These results identify B.1.617.2 as an immune evasion variant with increased capacity to enter and fuse lung cells.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.23.449568v1" target="_blank">Increased lung cell entry of B.1.617.2 and evasion of antibodies induced by infection and BNT162b2 vaccination</a>
</div></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-clinical-trials">From Clinical Trials</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Ivermectin Treatment Efficacy in Covid-19 High Risk Patients</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Drug: Ivermectin 0.4mg/kg/day for 5 days<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Clinical Research Centre, Malaysia<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>MP1032 Treatment in Patients With Moderate to Severe COVID-19</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Drug: MP1032;   Drug: Placebo<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   MetrioPharm AG;   Syneos Health, LLC<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Efficacy and Safety of XAV-19 for the Treatment of Moderate-to-severe COVID-19</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Drug: XAV-19;   Drug: Placebo<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Xenothera SAS<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Study of Codivir in Patients With COVID-19</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   Covid19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Drug: Covidir injections;   Diagnostic Test: One Step Test;   Diagnostic Test: IgM and IgG dosage;   Diagnostic Test: RT-PCR SARS-CoV-2;   Diagnostic Test: Screening blood test;   Diagnostic Test: ECG;   Diagnostic Test: Medical evaluation;   Diagnostic Test: NEWS-2 score;   Diagnostic Test: WHO score<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   Code Pharma;   Zion Medical<br/><b>Active, not recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>In Situ Thrombolysis With tPA and Inflow Perfusion Analysis in Patient With Severe Covid-19 Infection</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Drug: tPA<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Grupo Mexicano para el Estudio de la Medicina Intensiva<br/><b>Completed</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Study to Evaluate the Safety and Concentrations of Monoclonal Antibody Against Virus That Causes COVID-19 Disease.</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19 Virus Disease<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Biological: MAD0004J08;   Other: Placebo<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   Toscana Life Sciences Sviluppo s.r.l.;   Cross Research S.A.<br/><b>Active, not recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Clinical Trial With N-acetylcysteine and Bromhexine for COVID-19</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Drug: Vitamin C;   Drug: N-acetylcysteine (NAC);   Drug: NAC + Bromhexine (BMX)<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   Universidade Federal do Ceara;   Paulista School of Medicine-EPM, UNIFESP;   Health Surveillance Secretariat - SVS;   Central Laboratory of Public Health of Ceara - LACEN-CE;   Leonardo da Vinci Hospital - HLV;   São José Hospital for Infectious Diseases - HSJ;   Ceará Health Secretariat - SESA;   Municipal Health Secretary - SMS-Fortaleza<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Safety and Immunogenicity of LNP-nCOV saRNA-02 Vaccine Against SARS-CoV-2, the Causative Agent of COVID-19</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Drug: LNP-nCOV saRNA-02 Vaccine<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   MRC/UVRI and LSHTM Uganda Research Unit<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Augmentation of Immune Response to COVID-19 mRNA Vaccination Through OMT With Lymphatic Pumps</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   Covid19<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Other: Osteopathic Manipulative Treatment (OMT)<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   Western University of Health Sciences;   American College of Osteopathic Physicians;   American Osteopathic Foundation;   Osteopathic Physicians and Surgeons of California;   Xavier-Nichols Foundation<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Nervous System Symptoms Associated With COVID 19</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   Covid19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Other: NEURO +;   Other: NEURO -<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   University Hospital, Toulouse<br/><b>Completed</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Dapsone Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 Trial (DAP-CORONA) COVID-19</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Drug: Dapsone 85 mg PO BID;   Drug: Placebo 85 mg PO BID<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   McGill University Health Centre/Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre;   Pulmonem Inc.<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Tolerability,Safety of JS016 in SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19)</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>:   COVID-19;   SARS-CoV-2<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Drug: Combination Product: JS016 (anti-SARS-CoV-2 monoclonal antibody)<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Peking Union Medical College Hospital<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Open Label, Single-Center Study Utilizing BIOZEK COVID-19 Antigen Rapid Test</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   Covid-19 Testing<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Diagnostic Test: Biozek Covid-19 Antigen Rapid Test (Saliva)<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Mach-E B.V.<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Community-based Post-exposure Prophylaxis for COVID-19</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   Covid19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Other: Guduchi Ghanvati;   Other: Standard guidelines<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   NMP Medical Research Institute;   Aarogyam UK;   Dr. Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan Rajasthan Ayurved University;   Samta Ayurveda Prakoshtha, India;   Padmanabhama Ayurveda Hospital and Research Centre<br/><b>Completed</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Vitamin A Supplementation in Children With Moderate to Severe COVID-19</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   Covid19<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Dietary Supplement: Vitamin A supplement<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Shiraz University of Medical Sciences<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-pubmed">From PubMed</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Structure-guided design of a perampanel-derived pharmacophore targeting the SARS-CoV-2 main protease</strong> - There is a clinical need for direct-acting antivirals targeting SARS-CoV-2, the coronavirus responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic, to complement current therapeutic strategies. The main protease (M^(pro)) is an attractive target for antiviral therapy. However, the vast majority of protease inhibitors described thus far are peptidomimetic and bind to the active-site cysteine via a covalent adduct, which is generally pharmacokinetically unfavorable. We have reported the optimization of an existing…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>It</strong> - ObjectiveMindStep™ is an Australian low-intensity cognitive behaviour therapy (LICBT) program for individuals with mild-to-moderate symptoms of anxiety and depression. UK-produced LICBT guided self-help (GSH) materials were originally used in the MindStep™ program. In 2017, Australian LICBT GSH materials were developed to better suit Australian users. This study explored whether the Australian-produced materials continued to achieve the benchmark recovery rates established in the UK and…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Structural basis of covalent inhibitory mechanism of TMPRSS2-related serine proteases by camostat</strong> - SARS-CoV-2 is the viral pathogen causing the COVID19 global pandemic. No effective treatment for COVID-19 has been established yet. TMPRSS2 is essential for viral spread and pathogenicity by facilitating the entry of SARS-CoV-2 onto host cells. The protease inhibitor camostat, an anticoagulant used in the clinic, has potential anti-inflammatory and anti-viral activities against COVID-19. However, the potential mechanisms of viral resistance and antiviral activity of camostat are unclear. Herein,…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>SARS-CoV-2 spike protein induces paracrine senescence and leukocyte adhesionin endothelial cells</strong> - Increased mortality in COVID-19 often associates with microvascular complications. We have recently shown that SARS-CoV-2 spike protein promotes an inflammatory cytokine IL-6/IL-6R induced trans-signaling response and alarmin secretion. Virus infected or spike transfected human epithelial cells exhibited an increase in senescence state with the release of senescence associated secretory proteins (SASP) related inflammatory molecules. Introduction of BRD4 inhibitor AZD5153 to senescent epithelial…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Structure-based virtual screening of bioactive compounds from Indonesian medical plants against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2</strong> - Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a virus that causes the infectious disease coronavirus disease-2019. Currently, there is no effective drug for the prevention and treatment of this virus. This study aimed to identify secondary metabolites that potentially inhibit the key proteins of SARS-CoV-2. This was an in silico molecular docking study of several secondary metabolites of Indonesian herbal plant compounds and other metabolites with antiviral testing history….</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>TRPV2-spike protein interaction mediates the entry of SARS-CoV-2 into macrophages in febrile conditions</strong> - Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a novel strain of highly contagious coronaviruses that infects humans. Prolonged fever, particularly that above 39.5 °C, is associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, little is known about the pathological effects of fever caused by SARS-CoV-2. Methods: Primary bovine alveolar macrophages (PBAMs), RAW264.7 mouse macrophages, and THP-1 human cells were transfected with plasmids carrying the genes encoding the SARS-CoV-2 spike (S)…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Cryo-EM structure of SARS-CoV-2 ORF3a in lipid nanodiscs</strong> - SARS-CoV-2 ORF3a is a putative viral ion channel implicated in autophagy inhibition, inflammasome activation and apoptosis. 3a protein and anti-3a antibodies are found in infected patient tissues and plasma. Deletion of 3a in SARS-CoV-1 reduces viral titer and morbidity in mice, suggesting it could be an effective target for vaccines or therapeutics. Here, we present structures of SARS-CoV-2 3a determined by cryo-EM to 2.1-Å resolution. 3a adopts a new fold with a polar cavity that opens to the…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Selinexor, a novel selective inhibitor of nuclear export, reduces SARS-CoV-2 infection and protects the respiratory system in vivo</strong> - The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is responsible for the recent global pandemic. The nuclear export protein (XPO1) has a direct role in the export of SARS-CoV proteins including ORF3b, ORF9b, and nucleocapsid. Inhibition of XPO1 induces anti-inflammatory, anti-viral, and antioxidant pathways. Selinexor is an FDA-approved XPO1 inhibitor. Through bioinformatics analysis, we predicted nuclear export sequences in…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Integrated docking and enhanced sampling-based selection of repurposing drugs for SARS-CoV-2 by targeting host dependent factors</strong> - Since the onset of global pandemic, the most focused research currently in progress is the development of potential drug candidates and clinical trials of existing FDA approved drugs for other relevant diseases, in order to repurpose them for the COVID-19. At the same time, several high throughput screenings of drugs have been reported to inhibit the viral components during the early course of infection but with little proven efficacies. Here, we investigate the drug repurposing strategies to…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>SARS-CoV-2-mediated dysregulation of metabolism and autophagy uncovers host-targeting antivirals</strong> - Viruses manipulate cellular metabolism and macromolecule recycling processes like autophagy. Dysregulated metabolism might lead to excessive inflammatory and autoimmune responses as observed in severe and long COVID-19 patients. Here we show that SARS-CoV-2 modulates cellular metabolism and reduces autophagy. Accordingly, compound-driven induction of autophagy limits SARS-CoV-2 propagation. In detail, SARS-CoV-2-infected cells show accumulation of key metabolites, activation of autophagy…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Design of optical cavity for air sanification through ultraviolet germicidal irradiation</strong> - The transmission of airborne pathogens represents a major threat to worldwide public health. Ultraviolet light irradiation can contribute to the sanification of air to reduce the pathogen transmission. We have designed a compact filter for airborne pathogen inactivation by means of UVC LED sources, whose effective irradiance is enhanced thanks to high reflective surfaces. We used ray-tracing and computational fluid dynamic simulations to model the device and to maximize the performance inside…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Coronaviruses, cholesterol and statins: Involvement and application for Covid-19</strong> - The infectious power of coronaviruses is dependent on cholesterol present in the membranes of their target cells. Indeed, the virus enters the infected cell either by fusion or by endocytosis, in both cases involving cholesterol-enriched membrane microdomains. These membrane domains can be disorganized in-vitro by various cholesterol-altering agents, including statins that inhibit cell cholesterol biosynthesis. As a consequence, numerous cell physiology processes, such as signaling cascades, can…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Potential for the Repurposing of Adamantane Antivirals for COVID-19</strong> - Several adamantanes have established actions against coronaviruses. Amantadine, rimantadine, bananins and the structurally related memantine are effective against human respiratory coronavirus HCoV-OC43, bovine coronavirus and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 1 (SARS-CoV-1) and a spiroadamantane amine is effective against the coronavirus strain 229E. Molecular docking studies suggest that amantadine may block the viral E protein channel, leading to impaired viral propagation….</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Virtual screenings of the bioactive constituents of tea, prickly chaff, catechu, lemon, black pepper, and synthetic compounds with the main protease (Mpro) and human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE 2) of SARS-CoV-2</strong> - CONCLUSION: Therefore, the selected compounds could be considered a potential herbal treatment source against SARS-CoV-2.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Targeting Bruton’s Tyrosine Kinase in Inflammatory and Autoimmune Pathologies</strong> - Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (BTK) was discovered due to its importance in B cell development, and it has a critical role in signal transduction downstream of the B cell receptor (BCR). Targeting of BTK with small molecule inhibitors has proven to be efficacious in several B cell malignancies. Interestingly, recent studies reveal increased BTK protein expression in circulating resting B cells of patients with systemic autoimmune disease (AID) compared with healthy controls. Moreover, BTK…</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-patent-search">From Patent Search</h1>
<ul>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>SARS-CoV-2 anti-viral therapeutic</strong> - - <a href="https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=AU327160071">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>폐마스크 밀봉 회수기</strong> - 본 발명은 마스크 착용 후 버려지는 일회용 폐마스크를 비닐봉지에 넣은 후 밀봉하여 배출함으로써, 2차 감염을 예방하고 일반 생활폐기물과 선별 분리 배출하여 환경오염을 방지하는 데 그 목적이 있다. - <a href="https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=KR325788342">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>COST EFFECTIVE PORTABLE OXYGEN CONCENTRATOR FOR COVID-19</strong> - - <a href="https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=AU324964715">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>METHOD OF IDENTIFYING SEVERE ACUTE RESPIRATORY SYNDROME CORONA VIRUS 2 (SARS-COV-2) RIBONUCLEIC ACID (RNA)</strong> - - <a href="https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=AU323956811">link</a></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Erweiterbare Desinfektionsvorrichtung</strong> -
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
</p><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">Erweiterbare Desinfektionsvorrichtung, umfassend: einen Hauptkörper, der eine umgekehrt U-förmige Basisplatte aufweist, wobei die umgekehrt U-förmige Basisplatte mit einer Öffnung versehen ist und jeweils eine Seitenplatte sich von zwei Seiten der umgekehrt U-förmigen Basisplatte nach außen erstreckt; und mindestens eine Desinfektionslampe, die in den auf zwei Seiten des Hauptkörpers befindlichen Seitenplatten angeordnet ist und eine Lichtemissionseinheit, eine Erfassungseinheit, eine Steuereinheit und eine Stromversorgungseinheit umfasst.</p></li>
</ul>
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<ul>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><a href="https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=DE326402480">link</a></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Einfache Sterilisationsvorrichtung</strong> -
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
</p><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">Einfache Sterilisationsvorrichtung, mit einem Hauptkörper (11), der in Längsrichtung einen ersten Plattenabschnitt (111) und in Querrichtung einen zweiten Plattenabschnitt (112) aufweist, wobei der erste Plattenabschnitt (111) und der zweite Plattenabschnitt (112) L-förmig miteinander verbunden sind; und einer Sterilisationslampe (12), die an dem Hauptkörper (11) angeordnet ist und eine Lichtemissionseinheit (121), eine Sensoreinheit (122), eine Steuereinheit (123) und eine Stromeinheit (124) aufweist.</p></li>
</ul>
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<ul>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><a href="https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=DE326402479">link</a></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Klemmarme aufweisende Desinfektionsvorrichtung</strong> -
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
</p><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">Klemmarme aufweisende Desinfektionsvorrichtung, umfassend: einen Hauptkörper; eine Desinfektionslampe, die im Hauptkörper angeordnet ist und eine Lichtemissionseinheit, eine Erfassungseinheit, eine Steuereinheit und eine Stromversorgungseinheit umfasst; einen Klemmabschnitt, der auf einer Seite des Hauptkörpers angeordnet ist, wobei der Klemmabschnitt zwei gegenüberliegende Greifbacken umfasst, wobei mindestens eine der beiden Greifbacken mit einer Schwenkachse versehen ist, wobei ein Klemmraum durch passgenaues Schließen der beiden Greifbacken entsteht und die beiden Greifbacken jeweils mit einem Durchgangsloch versehen sind; einen Befestigungsabschnitt, der durch die Durchgangslöcher der beiden Greifbacken hindurchgeführt ist;und ein Schild, das auf einer Seite des Klemmabschnitts angeordnet und mit einem Aufnahmeloch versehen ist.</p></li>
</ul>
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<ul>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><a href="https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=DE326402478">link</a></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Aufhängbare Sterilisationsvorrichtung</strong> -
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
</p><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">Aufhängbare Sterilisationsvorrichtung, mit einem Hauptkörper (11); einer Sterilisationslampe (12), die an dem Hauptkörper (11) angeordnet ist und eine Lichtemissionseinheit (121), eine Sensoreinheit (122), eine Steuereinheit (123) und eine Stromeinheit (124) aufweist; einem Klemmabschnitt (13), der an einer Seite des Hautpkörpers (11) angeordnet ist und zwei gegenüberliegend angeordnete Klemmbacken (131) aufweist, wobei mindestens eine der beiden Klemmbacken (131) mit einem Achsbolzen (132) versehen ist, wobei die beiden Klemmbacken (131) beim Schließen einen Klemmraum (134) bilden, und wobei die beiden Klemmbacken (131) jeweils mit einem Durchgangsloch (135) versehen sind; und einem Befestigungselement (14), das durch die Durchgangslöcher (135) der beiden Klemmbacken (131) hindurchgeführt wird.</p></li>
</ul>
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<ul>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><a href="https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=DE326402477">link</a></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Sterilisationsvorrichtung zur Verbesserung der Desinfektionswirkung</strong> -
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
</p><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">Sterilisationsvorrichtung zur Verbesserung der Desinfektionswirkung, umfassend: einen Hauptkörper, der eine erste Oberfläche, eine von der ersten Oberfläche abgewandte zweite Oberfläche und ein Aufnahmeloch aufweist, wobei die zwei Seiten des Hauptkörpers jeweils mit einem Durchgangsloch versehen sind, wobei die Durchgangslöcher mit dem Aufnahmeloch durchgängig verbunden sind; eine Desinfektionslampe, die auf der zweiten Oberfläche des Hauptkörpers angeordnet ist und eine Lichtemissionseinheit, eine Erfassungseinheit, eine Steuereinheit und eine Stromversorgungseinheit umfasst; und ein Befestigungsteil, das durch die Durchgangslöcher und das Aufnahmeloch des Hauptkörpers hindurchgeführt ist.</p></li>
</ul>
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<ul>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><a href="https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=DE326402481">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>IMPROVEMENTS RELATED TO PARTICLE, INCLUDING SARS-CoV-2, DETECTION AND METHODS THEREFOR</strong> - - <a href="https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=AU323295937">link</a></p></li>
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<h1 data-aos="fade-down" id="daily-dose">Daily-Dose</h1>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" data-aos-anchor-placement="top-bottom" id="contents">Contents</h1>
<ul>
<li><a href="#from-new-yorker">From New Yorker</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-vox">From Vox</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-the-hindu-sports">From The Hindu: Sports</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-the-hindu-national-news">From The Hindu: National News</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-bbc-europe">From BBC: Europe</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-ars-technica">From Ars Technica</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-jokes-subreddit">From Jokes Subreddit</a></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-new-yorker">From New Yorker</h1>
<ul>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>The Delta Variant Is a Grave Danger to the Unvaccinated</strong> - One half of America is protected. The other is approaching a perilous moment in the pandemic. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/science/medical-dispatch/the-delta-variant-is-a-grave-danger-to-the-unvaccinated">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>New York City’s Mayoral Election Didn’t Meet the Moment</strong> - The field was too big, the campaigning was too weird, and none of the candidates took the full measure of the city that they hoped to govern. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/our-local-correspondents/new-york-citys-mayoral-election-didnt-meet-the-moment">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>The Catholic Bishops’ Brawl Over Denying Joe Biden Communion</strong> - The majority’s proposal is both hard-hearted and shortsighted. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/daily-comment/the-catholic-bishops-brawl-over-denying-joe-biden-communion">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>It’s Not the Heat—It’s the Humanity</strong> - Rising air temperatures remind us that our bodies have real limits. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/annals-of-a-warming-planet/its-not-the-heat-its-the-humanity">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>The Politics of Supreme Court Retirements</strong> - Amid calls for Justice Stephen Breyer to step down, the legal scholar Noah Feldman considers politics, partisanship, and the Court. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/q-and-a/the-politics-of-supreme-court-retirements">link</a></p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-vox">From Vox</h1>
<ul>
<li><strong>How Indigenous memories can help save species from extinction</strong> -
<figure>
<img alt="" src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/uQBb2QswtRE-qhJ6_gW7A6KCl2s=/0x0:1029x772/1310x983/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_image/image/69497967/ErnestMason_CreditJackPlant.0.jpg"/>
<figcaption>
Hereditary Chief Ernest Mason, 77, pilots a boat during the annual Kitasoo/Xia’xias herring spawn harvest along British Columbia’s Central Coast. | Courtesy of Jack Plant
</figcaption>
</figure>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
From Canada to the Amazon, scientists are trying to build on Native knowledge before it’s too late.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="H28JoL">
<em>This story is part of </em><a href="https://www.vox.com/down-to-earth">Down to Earth</a><em>, a Vox reporting initiative on the science, politics, and economics of the biodiversity crisis.</em>
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="DXiNnY">
From his home in remote coastal British Columbia, Ernest Mason, a 77-year-old elder and hereditary chief of the Kitasoo/Xai’xais Nation, remembers. He remembers a childhood fishing trip with his father, when they packed sleeping bags but caught so many halibut they were home before dark. He remembers setting traps for pink Dungeness crab and floating hemlock branches to collect edible herring eggs.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="8CeG8v">
He also remembers watching the first two times the herring stocks collapsed, and then, fearing a third collapse, telling the Canadian government that he and the other chiefs were banning commercial fishermen from their traditional territorial waters. “I said, ‘We’ll do what it takes to protect what we have,’” Mason told Vox. “This is one of the ways our grandfathers taught us, how to look after things. That’s one of the chores now.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="fcRDp8">
For coastal Indigenous communities like Mason’s, these ancestral lessons can be the difference between plenty and poverty. Mason is one of the province’s few elders who was not forced into Canada’s residential schools, which stripped Indigenous children of their languages, oral histories, and cultures. This is one reason Mason, who often wears a baseball cap over his silver hair, remembers so much.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="8Kxoa3">
Around the world, the memories of elders like Mason are playing a powerful role in understanding and helping to preserve marine species. A growing group of researchers, some of them from within Indigenous communities, is translating the qualitative stories of fishermen into quantitative data, in a process that often requires sensitive negotiations and uncomfortable conversations between Indigenous leaders and Western institutions. Their recollections can help fill historical and geographical gaps that have eluded scientists until now.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="CIAszl">
Five years ago, University of Victoria PhD candidate Lauren Eckert interviewed Mason for hours about his <a href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/20964129.2017.1379887">earliest fishing memories</a>. Since then, a series of Indigenous-led research projects — based on those memories and others — have rewritten best practices on the management of two species, Dungeness crab and yelloweye rockfish. “Science is exceptionally good at taking accurate snapshots that approach truth,” Eckert says. “But Indigenous knowledge includes long-term datasets that provide this massive canvas of information that spans decades to thousands of years.”
</p>
<figure class="e-image">
<img alt=" " src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/vIcjjuNtCnu-XI6z6GLGGj5wycI=/800x0/filters:no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22677614/Untitled_1.jpg"/> <cite>Courtesy of Natalie Ban</cite>
<figcaption>
Lauren Eckert, a conservation researcher at the University of Victoria, measures a yelloweye rockfish, one of the world’s longest-lived fish species.
</figcaption>
</figure>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="KmG9Cv">
Both yelloweye rockfish and Dungeness crab are essential to coastal Pacific ecosystems. Dungeness crab, according to one government description, is “<a href="https://www.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/species-especes/profiles-profils/dungeness-crab-crabe-dormeur-eng.html">the most important crab species harvested</a>” in the country’s western province. Yelloweye is threatened because adults must live 15 years before they start to spawn, making them vulnerable to overfishing.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="olBkQj">
But government managers only have reliable information on yelloweye abundance starting in 2001 — the same year a population crash forced them to start a <a href="http://publications.gc.ca/collections/collection_2013/mpo-dfo/Fs70-5-2011-129-eng.pdf">targeted conservation plan</a>. Yelloweye are considered a “data-poor” species, according to the plan, because data was only collected “sporadically” from the 1980s onward. This made it difficult for government scientists to tell how steeply the population had fallen since the advent of big-boat commercial fishing in the 1970s, says Eckert.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="LK8mRY">
One place they hadn’t looked, however, was in the memories of those who were there all along.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="5HOt1B">
To <a href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/aqc.2834">reconstruct the historical abundance</a>, or baselines, of rockfish and crab, Eckert drew on an<strong> </strong>interview methodology developed after the 1990s Atlantic cod collapse. In this “vessel-based approach,” fishermen in Newfoundland and Labrador were asked to recall memories of specific boats on which they had fished; this prompted specific memories of fish size and abundance, as well as when and where fish had been caught. Researchers translated the accounts of Central Coast fishers into box graphs estimating size, which corroborated the official modern catch records to an astounding — but not surprising — degree, Eckert says.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="V87S40">
As biodiversity loss and climate change loom large over our planet’s fate, these types of projects are beginning to model healthier, less extractive relationships between biologists and the communities in which they work. In the process, they could also bring key species back from the brink of extinction.
</p>
<h3 id="Tfr4XE">
Useful Indigenous knowledge for managing species has been brushed aside
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="UbESh1">
Reached by phone in late May, Mason says he still fishes whenever he can, and had spent the past few weeks chasing a run of spring salmon. He speaks of a strong connection to the species that have sustained him. “Everything within our world — that’s where our stories are told, that is where our history is told,” he says.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="MMORQz">
When Mason was growing up in Klemtu, a verdant village in traditional Kitasoo/Xai’xais territory, it seemed as if a yelloweye rockfish hovered in every deep ocean crevasse. Often caught as unintended bycatch, these highlighter-orange fish have bulging amber eyes, scooped, goldfish-like pectoral fins, and a crown of towering dorsal spikes. Yelloweye can grow to nearly a meter and are one of the world’s longest-lived fish species — one caught in Alaska in 2013 was 121 years old.
</p>
<figure class="e-image">
<img alt=" " src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/r66JdVZUQj9SV_jarsz8cuaNzxc=/800x0/filters:no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22674771/ErnestMason2_CreditProvided_copy.jpg"/> <cite>Courtesy of Ernest Mason</cite>
<figcaption>
As a young man, Mason received the name Niis’muu-tk<em>, </em>meaning a person who helps and gives. He has been fishing to help feed his community for decades.
</figcaption>
</figure>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="iXDsdf">
In the days before refrigeration, every yelloweye Mason and his father landed was eaten fresh, salted, or dried. Nothing went to waste. The years passed, and with them arrived faster, higher-powered commercial trawlers. Soon, Mason and his peers started noticing they weren’t catching enough yelloweye, even for their ceremonial potlatches, and the fish they were catching were getting smaller. The same was true for Dungeness crab.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="paLRia">
Kitasoo/Xai’xais technical staff and political leaders had long expressed concerns about both species, and others, to Fisheries and Oceans Canada (DFO). Yet the experiences of elders and fishermen were dismissed as merely anecdotal, says Alejandro Frid, an ecologist at the Central Coast Indigenous Resource Alliance. Founded in 2010, the CCIRA works to incorporate the best of Indigenous and Western knowledge, says Frid, and represents four nations including Mason’s.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="ZVfdVb">
For more than 10,000 years, the Central Coast nations have developed and practiced <a href="https://klemtu.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KX-Herring-Mgmt-Plan-Jan-2020-Final.pdf">intricate harvesting techniques</a> based on respect and reciprocity — like harvesting herring eggs on hemlock boughs — that long allowed the species they relied on to thrive alongside their annual harvests, says Frid.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="1c9Gx8">
That Indigenous stewardship was swept aside with the arrival of European settlers, who were, says University of British Columbia marine biologist <a href="https://www.vox.com/2021/4/13/22380637/seaspiracy-netflix-fact-check-fishing-ocean-plastic-veganism-vegetarianism">Daniel Pauly</a>, “a bunch of racists.” Science, when properly done, Pauly says, draws on all available evidence. Canadian authorities “thought that the First Nations didn’t know what they were doing,” he says. “And in 20 years, <em>they</em> destroyed the salmon run.”
</p>
<div>
<div class="c-image-grid">
<div class="c-image-grid__item">
<figure class="e-image">
<img alt=" " src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/X5F5IsfDA8zvGV73Zu0OxO42rA4=/800x0/filters:no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22677655/GettyImages_1300223942_1.jpg"/> <cite>Yalonda M. James/San Francisco Chronicle/Getty Images</cite>
<figcaption>
Dungeness crab, according to one government description, is “the most important crab species harvested” in British Columbia.
</figcaption>
</figure>
</div>
<div class="c-image-grid__item">
<figure class="e-image">
<img alt=" " src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/52AMvlmOSi5VBxv8AAxlIqjIqbw=/800x0/filters:no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22677656/GettyImages_602981327_1.jpg"/> <cite>Getty Images</cite>
<figcaption>
Yelloweye is threatened because adults must live 15 years before they start to spawn, making them vulnerable to overfishing.
</figcaption>
</figure>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="tibJc3">
Even Canada’s very first fisheries legislation tried to force Indigenous memories and stewardship out of the equation, says Andrea Reid, a Nisga’a Nation citizen and the principal investigator at UBC’s new Centre for Indigenous Fisheries. The government went so far as to ban freshwater fishing weirs and nets that allowed for sustainable harvesting.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="KfovnK">
One great irony, Reid says, is that Indigenous “ways of knowing” are now widely seen as “inherently scientific” in her field, in that they use experimentation and observation to learn about nature.<strong> </strong>“Many Indigenous fishing approaches stem from relational values that treat fish as relatives that we live in reciprocity with,” says Reid. “Not commodities that we exploit or command and control.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="1z4cMB">
The Central Coast Nations are <a href="https://environmentalevidencejournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13750-019-0181-3">not</a> <a href="https://besjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/pan3.10126">alone</a> in this boundary-breaking work. In one <a href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/344097844_The_demographics_of_Bumphead_Parrotfish_Bolbometopon_muricatum_in_lightly_and_heavily_fished_regions_of_the_Western_Solomon_Islands">paper</a> from 2004, researcher R.J. Hamilton lived alongside Western Solomon Island spearfishers for his research into topa, or bumphead parrotfish. In addition to biological surveys, Hamilton also conducted in-depth translated interviews with 21 fishermen, many of them elderly. Near the top of his paper, he made an effort to explain the importance of Indigenous knowledge, adding that “the anthropological nature of indigenous knowledge makes it a topic that is not well understood by many marine biologists.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Vyp5wf">
More recently, the construction of a hydroelectric dam on the Amazon’s Xingu River spurred research into small-scale Indigenous fishers in a 2015 <a href="http://www.scielo.br/j/bjb/a/FTpySWTMgFQfdmsB4dLYRMk/?lang=en">study</a> published in the Brazilian Journal of Biology. The dam would cause a permanent disruption of a traditional way of life, wrote the authors, a conclusion that came to pass within a year. “It used to take an hour to get to the fishing grounds. Now it takes twice as long,” Natanael Juruna, a member of one Indigenous community, <a href="https://globalvoices.org/2016/11/27/one-year-on-belo-monte-dam-is-a-nightmare-for-indigenous-peoples-in-brazil/">told journalist Isabel Harari in 2016</a>. “Some places are inaccessible because the water level is too low and we can’t pass [in our boats].”
</p>
<h3 id="4S48Kk">
Capturing vanishing memories is validating for those who hold them
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="38mqss">
While the scientific approach to gathering memories may differ, there are patterns across research projects. Many papers published in this emerging field <a href="https://www2.hu-berlin.de/transcience/Vol4_Issue2_2013_3_18.pdf">draw heavily</a> on the methods of anthropology — a field that has <a href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2741037">its own history of racism and colonialism</a>. Often, data takes the form of anecdotes and recollections, which are gathered during confidential, hours-long, in-person interviews.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="M72KO7">
In the case of the work done by Eckert’s team and the Central Coast Indigenous Resource Alliance, interviewees were questioned on specific places and times as prompts — for instance, the first boat they worked on, or their earliest memories of catching fish — and promised that their fishing locations would be kept secret. Finally, the researchers anonymized, collated, and analyzed these memories before drawing conclusions from the patterns that surfaced.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="22ndH6">
Mason often felt frustrated that even as his nation fought for its tribal rights, many members of his community seemed to show deference to the Canadian government’s approval. Local and ancestral knowledge has been discounted even within Indigenous communities, says Reid. While working on her doctoral research, she herself often encountered elders who were ecstatic that their hard-won expertise was finally being taken seriously. “It has a legitimizing effect,” she says. “Even though they know more about salmon than I ever will.”
</p>
<div class="c-float-right c-float-hang">
<aside id="lmABaV">
<q>“Everything within our world — that’s where our stories are told, that is where our history is told.” —Ernest Mason</q>
</aside>
</div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="NXy04L">
Indigenous knowledge can actually surpass and transcend the grasp of Western science, argues Frid, the CCIRA ecologist. Stories some refer to as “myths,” adds Pauly, are often vital insights passed down through generations, capturing truths and teachable lessons about everything from floods to famines. “It’s a sad statement of how there was an undervaluing of traditional and local knowledge, that [Fisheries and Oceans Canada] couldn’t see it for its own value, that it had to be translated into their own terms,” says Frid. “But it did initiate a transformation.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="YkvvfN">
In 2017, after a decade of data-gathering by the coastal nations, DFO announced it would establish a <a href="https://coastalfirstnations.ca/protecting-dungeness-crab-on-bcs-central-coast/">decision-making pilot program</a> that required Indigenous leaders and government executives to agree on Dungeness crab management strategies. It was part of the government’s commitment to reconciliation, which included 2019 changes to the fisheries act designed to “lay the groundwork for better and more collaborative fisheries management,” says DFO spokesperson Jo Anne Walton. (While some DFO scientists support<strong> </strong> this blended approach, Frid encountered some reluctance that she likened to “kicking and screaming.”) The nations have yet to see changes in how yelloweye are protected.
</p>
<h3 id="OgqFKs">
Living up to an old adage
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Nbtify">
Years ago, Mason met with Fisheries and Oceans Canada envoys and listed off the many species that rely on small, oily herring: ling cod, halibut, red snappers, quillbacks, salmon. From there, he says, he worked his way up the food chain: “I named off humpback whales, killer whales, sea lions, seals, otters, and the birds; the loons, eagles, ravens.”
</p>
<figure class="e-image">
<img alt=" " src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/ceVa_N9y8mCViZUVarAhdiae3Oo=/800x0/filters:no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22677669/ErnestMason2018_CreditAlejandroFrid_copy.jpg"/> <cite>Courtesy of Alejandro Frid</cite>
<figcaption>
Ernest Mason (right) fishing in the rain in 2018.
</figcaption>
</figure>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="xiWhCD">
Later, Mason recalls, a federal minister expressed confusion about why orcas were dying off. With the knowledge he grew up with, it seemed simple: Without herring, the salmon went hungry; without salmon, orcas starved. He didn’t need a research study to tell him that. “For goodness’ sakes, you’re supposed to be looking after the fisheries,” he remembers thinking.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="dre4E4">
But Mason says that today, he focuses on preserving and reviving his nation’s lands and waters for future generations, not past harms. “Hopefully, we’ll get it back to a point where all our traditional foods are plentiful again,” he says. Even in the leanest, hardest times, Mason’s ancestors could harvest abalone, clams, cockles, mussels, sea cucumbers, and Dungeness crab from the low-tide ocean bottom. The ultimate goal, he says, is to live up to the old adage he once heard from his father: “When the tide is down, the table is set.”
</p></li>
<li><strong>Many people don’t want to work unless it’s from home</strong> -
<figure>
<img alt="A person, seen through the rails of the stairs, sits at a desk in their home while their dog sits by the front door." src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/arYsqa8xvsoP8UWVo8M2RT1y2wU=/237x0:2904x2000/1310x983/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_image/image/69497927/GettyImages_1312217377.0.jpg"/>
<figcaption>
Rira Raisi has been working from her home in San Francisco since the beginning of the pandemic. The vast majority of people say they’d like to work remotely at least part of the time. | Carlos Avila Gonzalez/San Francisco Chronicle/Getty Images
</figcaption>
</figure>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
There are more remote jobs than ever. That doesn’t mean you’ll get one.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="HrrZmz">
If you’re one of the approximately <a href="https://news.gallup.com/poll/321800/covid-remote-work-update.aspx">50 percent</a> of Americans who worked remotely during the pandemic, you’re probably wondering if remote work is in the cards after the pandemic is over. The vast <a href="https://www.vox.com/recode/22387529/working-from-home-return-to-office-remote-work">majority of people say they’d like to work remotely</a> at least part of the time, but that desire is running up against the reality of there being fewer remote jobs than there are people who say they want them. Only about 10 percent of jobs on popular hiring platforms include remote work.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="uyGp0Q">
That’s a boon for jobs offering remote work. Take Zillow, for example, which saw a huge spike in applicants due to a new remote work option. The real estate marketplace <a href="https://www.zillowgroup.com/news/zillow-announces-indefinite-work-from-home-policy/">announced last summer</a> that it would allow the vast majority of its workers — 90 percent of its more than 5,000 employees — to work from home at least part of the time. That represented an about-face for a company that, before the pandemic, had demanded that most employees come to the office regularly.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="ZoPGfd">
The move also positioned Zillow, which is hoping to eventually add 2,000 positions, at a desirable spot in a very tight labor market, in which many companies are struggling to get enough staff. Nearly 56,000 people applied to Zillow in the first quarter of 2021, up 50 percent from last year when there were more jobs posted.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="o6iDOI">
“If we weren’t doing this, I think it would be tremendously difficult to be filling our positions right now,” Dan Spaulding, Zillow’s chief people officer, told Recode. “We are doing this, and it is still difficult — but I think we found an edge.”
</p>
<figure class="e-image">
<img alt="A person sits and works at a computer at a table in the building’s common space." src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/4fjCCH2-hcZ961Hbx_acAdPWIeQ=/800x0/filters:no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22677752/GettyImages_1309173667.jpg"/> <cite>Gabrielle Lurie/San Francisco Chronicle/Getty Images</cite>
<figcaption>
100 Van Ness is the largest office-to-housing conversion in San Francisco, designed to accommodate more residents working from home.
</figcaption>
</figure>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="61sH92">
The company’s relative success amid a hiring crunch and <a href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-05-10/quit-your-job-how-to-resign-after-covid-pandemic?sref=Wg6QzS2e">resignation boom</a> illustrates the immense draw of remote work. Employees are tripping over themselves to scoop up a relatively small number of partially and fully remote positions. Zillow isn’t the only company seeing a surge in applications for remote jobs. And while the overall number of remote jobs is increasing, there are currently far more people who say they want these jobs than there are open positions.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="0StHxa">
Before the pandemic, many Americans hadn’t regularly been able to work from home, but that changed during lockdown. And for many employers and employees, the new arrangement worked surprisingly well. People were just as <a href="https://nbloom.people.stanford.edu/sites/g/files/sbiybj4746/f/wfh_will_stick_v5.pdf">productive</a> as they were before but they got to skip their lengthy commutes and spend more time with their families. As it turned out, much of what people did in an office could be accomplished pretty easily with wifi, a laptop, and Zoom. Now, as <a href="https://www.cbre.com/thewayforward/The-Future-of-the-Office-2021-US-Occupier-Sentiment-Survey?article=%7bBD193700-DFB2-4F6B-8371-ADB551D0E014%7d">companies reopen their offices this fall</a>, the ability to work remotely is at the top of their employee wish lists, with some valuing it <a href="https://globalworkplaceanalytics.com/resources/costs-benefits">higher than a pay raise</a>.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Bpy9aQ">
Indeed, up to a <a href="https://www.newswire.ca/news-releases/1-in-3-remote-workers-may-quit-if-required-to-return-to-the-office-full-time-robert-half-survey-finds-848559105.html">third</a> of office workers say they’ll quit their jobs if they can’t work remotely at least some of the time, and people are quitting their jobs at the highest level on record. Some 4 million people quit their jobs in April, according to the <a href="https://www.bls.gov/news.release/jolts.nr0.htm">Bureau of Labor Statistics</a>, a figure that represents 2.7 percent of the workforce. And there are more jobs open than ever before.
</p>
<div id="1kdjwW">
<div id="datawrapper-KjJye">
</div></div></li>
</ul>
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</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="zP0jbG">
Needless to say, employers are finding it difficult to fill positions. Companies that offer remote work are having an easier time. Companies that don’t offer it may want to start.
</p>
<h3 id="OWY93J">
The growth of remote work and remote work demand
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="270oay">
Data from a number of job sites illustrates the growing popularity of remote work, which for the purposes of this article includes jobs that allow working from home some or all of the time. On LinkedIn, the share of US jobs that allow remote work increased fivefold, from less than 2 percent in May 2020 to about 10 percent in May 2021. Those jobs are getting 25 percent of all applications. ZipRecruiter saw similar growth in remote jobs, which it says are getting four times the number of applications as jobs that don’t have any remote options.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="VAjvI0">
“A lot of people are competing over very few [remote] jobs,” Julia Pollak, ZipRecruiter’s labor economist, said. “And then there’s very little competition for the in-store, at-workplace, in-warehouse kinds of jobs.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="8Q1jOE">
Retail workers are <a href="https://www.google.com/amp/s/www.washingtonpost.com/business/2021/06/21/retail-workers-quitting-jobs/%3foutputType=amp">leaving</a> en masse, many lured away by other entry-level jobs offering higher wages and work from home.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="cCB4ME">
“The biggest shift has been toward remote work being even an option for these lower-wage, less-senior jobs,” Pollak said. “That wasn’t a thing before.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="mQbSJe">
On LinkedIn, the most in-demand remote entry-level opportunities are in customer service (support, data entry), business development (which includes cold-calling), and product management.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="vHOvHd">
Pollak says she’s noticed many industries that haven’t typically been associated with remote work are letting employees complete at least some of their tasks at home. Home health aides, for example, used to have to go into offices to complete their paperwork. Now, some of their employers are allowing them to do that portion of their job where they wish. Sales reps and even construction managers are finding that some employers are offering part-time remote positions.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="qOmeQR">
Still there’s a gap between the desire for remote work and the availability, especially in fields outside of knowledge work.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="8HEl2P">
Of course, the biggest growth in remote work options is where many would expect: the tech industry. Tech had already been facing challenges getting qualified workers. Given the current state of affairs, these software engineers and data scientists have an even stronger upper hand.
</p>
<figure class="e-image">
<img alt=" " src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/IosZtyZ3CjkFK9wHUaFYw4RJSqs=/800x0/filters:no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22677756/GettyImages_1309173573.jpg"/> <cite>Gabrielle Lurie/San Francisco Chronicle/Getty Images</cite>
<figcaption>
Residents Shae Selix and Jason Lillie work in the common space at the 100 Van Ness apartment building in San Francisco.
</figcaption>
</figure>
<figure class="e-image">
<img alt="A person on a rooftop deck with a view of the San Francisco skyline stretches while standing on a yoga mat." src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/oybxcWir-v0clWuwohx8nwdKDV4=/800x0/filters:no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22677757/GettyImages_1309173603.jpg"/> <cite>Gabrielle Lurie/San Francisco Chronicle/Getty Images</cite>
<figcaption>
With more companies allowing their employees to work from home, housing advocates are pushing for vacant office structures to be converted into affordable housing.
</figcaption>
</figure>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="6cAj8Y">
“It’s insanity. We’ve never seen the demand so high for top tech talent,” said Josh Brenner, CEO of Hired, which focuses on finding sales and tech workers for its client companies.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="0qDBlk">
These trends are playing out in demands for higher wages, better benefits, and remote work for tech employees. And it seems to be working, as evidenced by what employers are offering on recruitment platforms.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="BKTIh2">
Nearly half the jobs on Hired’s platform now include remote work. That’s up from 10 percent at the beginning of last year. The biggest growth areas for remote work are consumer mobile, security, real estate, and analytics, according to Hired.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="4gMMsA">
FlexJobs, which was already geared specifically at remote and freelance work, has seen the share of jobs on its platform offering at least partial remote work go from 60-70 percent in 2019 to around 90 percent now, according to career development manager Brie Reynolds.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="j5nxQc">
Employees whose jobs are calling them back into the office, she said, aren’t necessarily quitting, but they are actively searching for remote jobs.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="9IpOZV">
“For those companies that are not putting remote work in place in some capacity, over the next few months there’s probably going to be quite a number of people who are jumping ship to go to a more remote job,” Reynolds said.
</p>
<h3 id="mqeklj">
How remote work could benefit employers
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="xxoeE6">
This isn’t just employees getting what they want in a tight labor market. Many of the people Recode spoke to spun this as a way for companies to actually <a href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-05-17/blm-pledges-came-from-companies-with-fewer-black-employees?sref=Wg6QzS2e">meet their diversity goals</a>. Removing geographic and time constraints means employers can reach out to a much wider pool of qualified candidates. Women and people of color are much <a href="https://www.vox.com/recode/22331447/10-ways-office-work-pandemic-future-remote-work">more likely to prefer remote work</a> than their male or white counterparts, according to a recent <a href="https://futureforum.com/2021/06/15/future-forum-pulse/#3-3-flexible-work-is-a-game-changer-for-working-mothers-and-black-knowledge-workers">Slack survey</a>.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="EccSQS">
Women frequently cite child care as a reason. LinkedIn’s group product manager for careers products, Ada Yu, sees offering remote work as a way to attract more women, who <a href="https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/22264320/jobs-report-unemployment-rate-inequality">disproportionately left the workforce during the pandemic</a>.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="IVug75">
“Flexibility of schedule will really help employers try to recruit, retain, and engage with parents in general, but especially women,” Yu said.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="jk59CM">
Black employees say remote work is better for their sense of belonging. They are 20 percent more likely to be open to remote work than employees on average, according to Hired’s Brenner.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="S53Jvq">
“We’ve seen that once companies start opening up these remote searches, they’re able to also achieve their goals in terms of bringing in a more diverse employee base,” Brenner said.
</p>
<h3 id="88sfBd">
The future of office space
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="8amUcm">
It’s so far unclear what the rise of remote work will mean for office space, especially since many companies are adopting hybrid work plans in which employees will spend only part of their time in the office. How much office space they need will depend, in part, on how much their employees end up coming to the office.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="W9PQ3w">
Currently, only 9 percent of large companies say their office portfolios will get “significantly smaller” in the next three years, according to the <a href="https://www.cbre.com/thewayforward/The-Future-of-the-Office-2021-US-Occupier-Sentiment-Survey?article=%7bBD193700-DFB2-4F6B-8371-ADB551D0E014%7d">latest employer survey from real estate services company CBRE</a>. Some 72 percent of companies are anticipating modest office space reductions. Instead of drastically downsizing, companies are altering their floor plans to have fewer dedicated desks and more shared space for people to work together when they’re in the office.
</p>
<figure class="e-image">
<img alt=" " src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/dOsxTlwJG6hvnLnjFmxbMcxng00=/800x0/filters:no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22677760/GettyImages_1232689448.jpg"/> <cite>Tom Williams/CQ-Roll Call/Getty Images</cite>
<figcaption>
John Falcicchio (center), deputy mayor for planning and economic development in Washington, DC, sits at newly installed outdoor chairs and tables meant to revitalize one of DC’s business districts.
</figcaption>
</figure>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="tEDa8N">
Zillow, for now, is keeping its office space (though, to be fair, it held long-term leases so it doesn’t have much of a choice). Instead of downsizing, the company is redesigning its offices to be more geared for collaboration, which it says will be the main objective when its remote workers do come into the office.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="L16MQB">
About 60 percent of Zillow employees anticipate working from an office once a month or less going forward. The company plans on bringing in fully remote employees a few times a year.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="wr9Gj8">
“We do feel that in-person collaboration is still going to be really important coming out of the pandemic,” Zillow’s Spaulding said.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Y5Iqka">
The vast majority of collaboration, however, will have to happen online.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="EmACxF">
For those who want remote jobs but are unable to get them, more jobs are likely to become remote in the future as companies use the perk as a way to attract much-needed employees. The desire to work remotely doesn’t seem to be going away, and more jobs can be remote than already are.
</p>
<ul>
<li><strong>Biden’s biggest anti-poverty plan is about to launch. Here’s how he can make it even better.</strong> -
<figure>
<img alt="" src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/n8Sp28BvirRJb6jJUJX3ZntTg-g=/0x0:2667x2000/1310x983/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_image/image/69497840/AP21172645952240.0.jpg"/>
<figcaption>
Vice President Harris takes photographs after speaking about the child tax credit in Pittsburgh on June 21. | Jacquelyn Martin/AP
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
The government needs to make sure that everyone eligible gets the expanded child tax credit — and that it becomes a permanent program.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="kcbUMb">
July 15, 2021, could wind up being one of the most important days in the history of American anti-poverty policy.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="9mUSQM">
On that day, most parents in the United States will begin receiving monthly checks of up to $300 per child — no strings attached.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="OwDBYi">
What’s technically happening: The child tax credit (CTC), a policy that has existed in some form since 1997, has been expanded, both in its size (going from $2,000 per child per year to $3,000 for children ages 6 through 17, and $3,600 for children under 6) and in its reach.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="TB5NcQ">
But calling this a “tax credit expansion” makes it seem less momentous than it is. It’s really a one-year test of an idea known as a <a href="https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2017/4/27/15388696/child-benefit-universal-cash-tax-credit-allowance">child allowance</a>, a policy that has been adopted in most rich countries besides the United States.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="lQUA7s">
We know from the experiences of peer countries from <a href="https://www.fcd-us.org/assets/2011/02/First20Focus20-20Tackling20Child20Poverty.pdf">Great Britain</a> to <a href="https://www.econstor.eu/bitstream/10419/55041/1/684016389.pdf">Spain</a> to <a href="http://ftp.iza.org/dp6980.pdf">Germany</a> to <a href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/caje.12409">Canada</a> that child allowances can slash child poverty dramatically, and, as a consequence of reducing poverty, improve child health, increase parents’ time with their kids, and perhaps even <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20331669/">raise incomes</a> and <a href="https://www.aeaweb.org/articles?id=10.1257/aer.20140529">extend life spans</a> down the road for children who benefited.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="tosf8A">
The key to this policy’s success is that all poor families are eligible. Before this year, many poor children were deliberately excluded from the CTC on the theory that doing so would encourage their parents to work. Biden, as part of his stimulus plan and at the urging of poverty and child welfare advocates, signed into law <a href="https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/22319572/joe-biden-american-rescue-plan-war-on-poverty">an expansion to all poor families</a> for tax year 2021.
</p>
<figure class="e-image">
<img alt=" " src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/QC_MRdnzYVKCQuQRKnSWfEu0wL0=/800x0/filters:no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22675296/AP21162596891084.jpg"/> <cite>Manuel Balce Ceneta/AP</cite>
<figcaption>
Vice President Kamala Harris visits a bilingual early childhood education school in Washington, DC on June 11. The child tax credit could cut child poverty by 40 percent.
</figcaption>
</figure>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="UO1YlL">
If everyone eligible gets it, it could <a href="https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/22319572/joe-biden-american-rescue-plan-war-on-poverty">slash child poverty by 40 percent</a>; add in stimulus payments and other Biden measures and child poverty would fall even more. But that depends on everyone eligible for the expanded CTC actually getting their checks, which will require massive outreach and government investment; more on this below.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="RzvXc5">
If you’re reading this and are a parent to a child who’s a US citizen or resident immigrant, there are <a href="https://www.vox.com/22388062/child-tax-credit-expanded-biden-2021-stimulus">two ways to get the money</a>. You’ll get it automatically if you filed a 2019 or 2020 tax return (if you got stimulus checks for your kids last year and this spring, you’re good); if you didn’t file those years, or if you have a kid who was born after you filed, the <a href="https://www.freefilefillableforms.com/#/fd/childtaxcredit">IRS has set up a site to help you sign up</a>. The nonprofit website <a href="https://www.getyourrefund.org/en">GetYourRefund</a> can also be helpful and can connect you with an IRS-certified volunteer to help you get your money.
</p>
<div class="c-float-right">
<div id="R27lpj">
<div>
</div>
</div>
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="hk5skb">
The plan is for the IRS to send out monthly payments through the end of 2021. Because the monthly payments will only last from July to December, they won’t include the full value of the credit; the rest will be sent out with tax returns in April 2022.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="725U8C">
That sets up a challenge for the Biden administration and Democrats in Congress. They want to make some or all of these changes to the child tax credit permanent, to have the monthly benefits not abruptly stop in January. But that will require quick action by Congress, and a successful rollout of the CTC right now.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="s3NOxJ">
It is hard to overstate the importance of the CTC expansion, not just to poverty in America but to Joe Biden’s legacy. If it sticks, it will be the largest, most important anti-poverty measure the US has taken since the Lyndon Johnson administration, and could stand as the most impactful domestic achievement of Biden’s presidency. It could earn recognition alongside Medicare, Medicaid, and Social Security as one of the Democratic Party’s most enduring and popular policies.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="weATML">
But it has to stick — and Biden and his allies in Congress need to act fast to make that happen.
</p>
<h3 id="EXQ5Fw">
A generous benefit, but will it get to everyone who needs it?
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="MUVvGa">
The vast majority of American parents — covering <a href="https://home.treasury.gov/news/press-releases/jy0177">39 million households, or 88 percent of households with children</a>, per the Treasury Department — will receive the monthly payments automatically.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="ZEHflh">
That still leaves out millions of households. Now, many of them are excluded because they make too much money. The credit <a href="https://www.irs.gov/credits-deductions/2021-child-tax-credit-and-advance-child-tax-credit-payments-topic-c-calculation-of-the-2021-child-tax-credit">starts phasing out</a> at $112,500 annual gross income for most single parents and $150,000 for most married parents; the maximum income to receive some credit depends on the number of children in a household, but a married couple with two kids won’t see the credit go away until they reach $480,000 in income.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="UqQNk3">
But others won’t receive the benefit automatically because they haven’t filed their taxes. A big challenge for proponents of this expanded benefit is making sure people who are eligible actually receive it. Compounding the challenge is that the population in greatest danger of not getting the benefit is also the one that happens to need it most.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="qIp0mI">
Even with a long-established benefit like the earned income tax credit (EITC) — a refundable credit for which many low-income families are eligible — the filing process is sufficiently complicated that <a href="https://www.taxpolicycenter.org/briefing-book/do-all-people-eligible-eitc-participate">about a fifth of households eligible for that benefit don’t file</a> to receive it.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="uyeRpt">
The most important recipients of the expanded CTC from an anti-poverty perspective are extremely poor recipients who have literally $0 in taxable income. These potential CTC beneficiaries receive no benefit from the EITC because it’s reserved for families with “earned income.” Without any taxes to owe, or EITC to receive, these poor households generally don’t file their taxes and won’t get the CTC automatically. Before this year, this population was also excluded from the child tax credit, which previously had an income floor of $3,000, with anyone below that entirely excluded (and those right above that threshold receiving a reduced credit).
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="MoDwqF">
Some people in this population filed to receive stimulus payments, which last year were available, for the <a href="https://www.vox.com/future-perfect/2020/3/19/21185572/who-will-get-stimulus-checks-trump">first time in American history</a>, to people with $0 in income. But others did not. <a href="https://home.treasury.gov/system/files/131/Estimated-Counts-of-Children-Unclaimed-for-CTC-by-ZIP-Code-2019.pdf">IRS data</a> suggests that at least 2.3 million children in the US fall into this category. But that’s likely an undercount. “We know that number … excludes some children,” Kris Cox, deputy director for federal tax policy at the Center on Budget and Policy Priorities (CBPP), told me.
</p>
<div class="c-float-right c-float-hang">
<aside id="D08uBi">
<q>What’s happening is a one-year test of a child allowance, a policy that has been adopted in most rich countries besides the United States</q>
</aside>
</div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="h5wW2x">
That figure — 2.3 million children — is a small fraction of the <a href="https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/US/PST045219">roughly 73 million total children</a> in the US. But it may be a particularly vulnerable and low-income fraction, and it’s crucial that the IRS reach it. “Most likely, the people who will be missed are the very lowest incomes,” Elaine Maag of the Tax Policy Center, one of the country’s leading experts on the child tax credit, told me in an email.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="CbO38U">
So far, the results of the effort to find these potential recipients and sign them up have been mixed at best. <a href="https://www.peoplespolicyproject.org/2021/06/18/the-child-tax-credit-non-filer-tool-is-a-mess/">Critics have lambasted</a> the IRS’s website allowing non-filers to sign up for the CTC as confusing, hard to use, and impossible to navigate on a mobile phone. The Washington Post’s Michelle Singletary reports that <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/2021/06/15/irs-child-tax-credit-tool/#click=https://t.co/7IJx5idnc9">community groups working on outreach have found the system frustrating</a>; it’s web-based and requires email addresses, when the population these groups work with often has limited access to computers and the internet.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="GAVopG">
Maag notes that the <a href="https://www.irs.gov/individuals/free-tax-return-preparation-for-qualifying-taxpayers">Volunteer Income Tax Assistance</a> (VITA) program could help non-filers navigate the system — but VITA is overburdened in good times and has been struggling to adapt to mostly online operation during the pandemic. (As a VITA volunteer, I can attest that trying to wrangle together W2s and Social Security cards online and over the phone was very tricky this year.)
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Ppltw6">
To be fair to the IRS, this has been a very difficult period for the agency, with many new policies to implement with minimal resources, insufficient staffing, and not a lot of prep time. “The IRS had to deal with the filing season, everything that went on with unemployment compensation, getting stimulus payments out, etc.,” John Wancheck, a senior adviser on tax credit policy at CBPP, told me. “All of that is very complicated and late-breaking.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="bSVPDD">
That said, there’s more they can and should do to reach these groups. Chuck Marr, senior director of federal tax policy at CBPP, notes that state governments have a lot of information on non-filing low-income households from administering Medicaid and the Supplemental Nutritional Assistance Program (SNAP, or “food stamps,” colloquially). The IRS can and should be working with those governments to reach families with low or zero income to ensure they get a benefit that would be a big help.
</p>
<h3 id="E9hyIQ">
The next step for policymakers: Making the child allowance permanent
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="NEHeGR">
Even more important over the long run than reaching the poorest households is making sure the child tax credit does not expire after a year.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="gUpVR0">
The Biden CTC expansion is modeled after a bill embraced by most Democratic members of the House and Senate in 2019 known as the <a href="https://www.vox.com/future-perfect/2019/3/6/18249290/child-poverty-american-family-act-sherrod-brown-michael-bennet">American Family Act</a>. That act would have expanded the CTC to the same amounts as Biden ($3,000 per year for kids ages 6 to 17, $3,600 per year for under 6), made the credit available to people with no income (known as making it “fully refundable”), and paid it out monthly. All of that is in Biden’s plan.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="qVjceS">
But the AFA was a permanent policy, whereas Biden only implemented these improvements for one year.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="ExXPKb">
Members of Congress behind the AFA are pushing hard to make these increases permanent as soon as possible. In a <a href="https://www.bennet.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/2021/4/bennet-brown-booker-delauro-delbene-torres-statement-on-importance-of-ctc-permanence">statement in April</a>, its champions in the Senate (Michael Bennet (D-CO), Sherrod Brown (D-OH), and Cory Booker (D-NJ)) and the House (Rosa DeLauro (D-CT), Suzan DelBene (D-WA), and Ritchie Torres (D-NY)) declared, “Expansion of the Child Tax Credit is the most significant policy to come out of Washington in generations, and Congress has an historic opportunity to provide a lifeline to the middle class and to cut child poverty in half on a permanent basis. … Permanent expansion of the CTC will continue to be our priority.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="gwU4yJ">
Bennet has said he will “<a href="https://www.coloradopolitics.com/news/bennet-says-hell-fight-like-hell-to-make-child-tax-credit-expansion-permanent/article_ef6390e4-a85b-11eb-ab19-0b1b14dd27cf.html">fight like hell</a>” for a permanent extension, and Senate Finance Chair <a href="https://www.bennet.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/2021/3/bennet-brown-booker-wyden-warnock-lead-senate-democrats-in-push-to-make-critical-tax-credits-for-families-workers-permanent-in-next-recovery-bill">Ron Wyden</a> (D-OR) and House Ways and Means Chair <a href="https://thehill.com/policy/finance/550750-democrats-vow-to-push-for-permanent-child-tax-credit-expansion">Richard Neal</a> (D-MA) are on board to make the policy permanent.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="yvtJ6N">
The Biden administration’s position has been subtler. Expanding the child tax credit costs money, and to make it permanent under <a href="https://www.vox.com/22242476/senate-filibuster-budget-reconciliation-process">Senate budget reconciliation rules</a> (which enable passage with just 50 Democrats, rather than requiring 10 Republicans to get on board to break a filibuster), it needs to be offset with tax hikes or spending cuts elsewhere in the budget.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="aGBIEu">
So Biden has proposed, as part of his <a href="https://www.vox.com/2021/4/28/22404411/biden-american-families-plan-inequality">American Families Plan</a>, making the full refundability of the credit permanent, but only extending the expansion of the benefit amount to $3,000/$3,600 through 2025.
</p>
<figure class="e-image">
<img alt=" " src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/acj2qMI3Pi5H-mSb2xd_njj7dqs=/800x0/filters:no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22675308/GettyImages_1233580576.jpg"/> <cite>Brendan Smialowski/AFP/Getty Images</cite>
<figcaption>
Vice President Harris speaks about the child tax credit and economic recovery in Pittsburgh on June 21. Biden seems to be setting up a congressional fight about the credit to coincide with the expiration of Trump’s tax cuts.
</figcaption>
</figure>
<figure class="e-image">
<img alt=" " src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/IVBU5HHiDRnHH8wMXkMobhIJyK4=/800x0/filters:no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22675309/GettyImages_1232563263.jpg"/> <cite>Al Drago/Bloomberg/Getty Images</cite>
<figcaption>
Senate Majority Leader Chuck Schumer (pictured) and Budget Committee Chair Bernie Sanders (I-VT) are designing a $6 trillion reconciliation bill that could include extension of the child tax credit improvements.
</figcaption>
</figure>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="6uTuYn">
This is a complicated idea, so let me walk through it a bit.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="DEKOoZ">
Under current law — that is, once the one-year expansion from the Biden stimulus elapses — the CTC will go back down to $2,000 per child, and stop being available to the poorest households in 2022. Parents will get the remainder of their 2021 credit when they file taxes, but monthly payments will cease in January 2022. Also under current law, it will fall to $1,000 per child in January 2026 — because that’s when the bulk of the Trump tax cuts, which expanded the credit to $2,000 per child from $1,000, expire.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="jBsEhA">
Under congressional Democrats’ plan, the credit will stay at $3,000/$3,600, paid out monthly, and stay available to the poorest households forever.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="P5eDiU">
Under the Biden plan, the $3,000/$3,600 amounts would continue through January 2026. Then the credit would fall to $1,000 per child. But, unlike under current law, that $1,000 per kid would be available to families with little or no earnings. Millions of children would either not be in poverty or be in less severe poverty in the Biden scenario compared to the status quo. Of course, millions more would benefit if the credit were $3,000 for older kids and $3,600 for younger, rather than $1,000.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="IUI2ih">
So what is Biden doing here? By setting his extension to just through January 2026, it appears he’s setting up a fight over the credit to coincide with the expiration of Trump’s tax cuts. While Trump paid for, and thus made permanent, most of his corporate tax cuts, his rate cuts for top earners (and expansions of benefits for middle-class people like the child credit and the standard deduction) expire in January 2026. Republicans will really, really want to make at least some of Trump’s cuts permanent. If the expanded child tax credit is expiring at the same time, Biden can offer a trade: your rate cuts for the rich, for my child credit.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="fPDffm">
This is a risky proposition, of course, and a lot can change politically in four years. Democratic fans of the credit in Congress would be more comfortable if it’s made permanent as part of the mammoth <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/us-policy/2021/06/17/senate-democrats-biden-reconciliation/">$6 trillion reconciliation bill</a> that Senate Majority Leader Chuck Schumer and Budget Committee Chair Bernie Sanders (I-VT) are putting together.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="8uTtGi">
Alternatively, they could try to push it through the “tax extenders” process: At any given time, there are a <a href="https://www.everycrsreport.com/reports/R46271.html#_Toc35011106">lot of obscure tax provisions that expire every year or two</a> and are extended regularly for a few more years by Congress, usually because some specific interest group considers them very important. Often, these are less contentious measures than a child tax credit extension, but because tax extender bills are seen as “must-pass,” this might be another avenue for CTC advocates.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="3AfYVV">
Either way, time is running out. There are only six months until monthly payments of the credit cease, and Congress has a busy docket in the meantime. If it wants to avoid a completely preventable spike in child poverty — because that is what is in store once this expanded benefit expires — it has to act quickly to extend the credit.
</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-the-hindu-sports">From The Hindu: Sports</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Pandemic washes away the usual vibrancy of Moolam Boat Race</strong> - The 400-year-old Moolam Boat Race, which marks Kerala’s boat racing season, is reduced to a few customary rituals in 2021 owing to the Coronavirus pandemic</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Delta variant reported during Euro 2020: Danish officials</strong> - At least three people who attended the game between Denmark and Belgium tested positive for the virus</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Best Test team should be decided over at least three games: Kohli after losing WTC final</strong> - Kohli feels a multi-game final would also capture the essence of Test cricket much better than a one off showdown</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Don’t know reasons for not getting first-class games ahead of England series: Virat Kohli</strong> - The Indian team came into the marquee clash without any first-class game while the champions got ready with a two Test series against England.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Ashwin ends WTC 2019-21 cycle as leading wicket-taker</strong> - The 34-year-old Tamil Nadu off-spinner achieved the feat during the World Test Championship final against New Zealand</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-the-hindu-national-news">From The Hindu: National News</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>PM distracting present with theatrics, toying with country’s future: Rahul</strong> - Congress leader Rahul Gandhi accused Prime Minister Narendra Modi on Thursday of distracting the present with theatrics and “toying” with the future o</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Aisha Sultana violated COVID norms, HC told</strong> - She did not observe quarantine, mingled with people: Lakshadweep administration</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>SD College signs pact to study spread of water hyacinth</strong> - ₹3-cr. project in tie-up with two U.K. universities, ICRISAT, NIPHM</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Selection of Group-I candidates done in transparent way, says service panel member</strong> - The selection of candidates in Group-I Mains exams was done in a transparent way, scrupulously following the rule book, said the Andhra Pradesh Publi</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Uttarakhand CM residence being prepared for COVID-19 patients during third wave</strong> - Uttarakhand Chief Minister Tirath Singh Rawat on Thursday said he is preparing his official residence for the treatment of coronavirus patients durin</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-bbc-europe">From BBC: Europe</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Covid-19: Europe braces for surge in Delta variant</strong> - Germany says Europe is “on thin ice” amid warnings Delta could make up 90% of cases by late August.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Belarus opposition head Tikhanovskaya condemns ‘sham trial’ of husband</strong> - Opposition head Svetlana Tikhanovskaya calls the trial of her husband and five others act of “revenge”.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Navy defending our values in Russia dispute, says Boris Johnson</strong> - Boris Johnson says it is “appropriate” for UK warships to sail through disputed waters around Crimea.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>John McAfee: Anti-virus creator found dead in prison cell</strong> - The software mogul is found dead hours after a Spanish court allowed his extradition to the US on tax charges.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Athens priest arrested for acid attack on bishops</strong> - The suspect was allegedly caught with cocaine and threw acid during his disciplinary hearing.</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-ars-technica">From Ars Technica</h1>
<ul>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Hyundai’s 2022 Tucson Hybrid is a charming and efficient crossover</strong> - There’s a lot to like about this 38 mpg crossover, which starts at under $30,000. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1775917">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Fast 9 film review: Fast and furious enough, but buckle up for potholes</strong> - An explosive excuse to return to theaters, even if it misses some of the <em>F&amp;F</em> point. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1775692">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A quick-start guide to OpenZFS native encryption</strong> - Learn the hows, whys, and whats of OpenZFS encryption with this short guide. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1775690">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Physicists show that flying beer coasters will flip 0.45 seconds into flight</strong> - Without the frisbee’s rounded edges, beer mats flip onto their side with a backspin. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1775105">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Supreme Court backs cheerleader over school that punished her for Snapchat post</strong> - HS violated First Amendment when it kicked cheerleader off junior varsity team. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1775810">link</a></p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-jokes-subreddit">From Jokes Subreddit</h1>
<ul>
<li><strong>What’s the difference between Donald Trump and a bird?</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF -->
<div class="md">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
A bird can still tweet.
</p>
</div>
<!-- SC_ON -->
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/SilntMercy"> /u/SilntMercy </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/o6rk4m/whats_the_difference_between_donald_trump_and_a/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/o6rk4m/whats_the_difference_between_donald_trump_and_a/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
<li><strong>A husband and wife are having issues in the bedroom. The wife can’t orgasm because it’s too damn hot.</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF -->
<div class="md">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
They See A Sex Therapist, And He Recommends That They Have A Constant Supply Of Cool Air In The Bedroom, So The Man Asks His Best Friend To Waft A Towel While He And His Wife Make Love.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Begrudgingly, The Friend Submits And Says Yes.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
After 20 Minutes Of Lovemaking, The Woman Is No Closer To Orgasm, So The Friend Wafting The Towel Recommends That They Switch Places. So The Friend Is Now Having Sex With The Woman While The Husband Wafts The Towel.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
After Two Minutes, The Woman Starts To Tremble And Lets Out An Incredible Cry As She Reaches The Most Intense Orgasm She Has Ever Had.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
The Husband Looks At His Friend, And Proudly Proclaims, “Now That, My Friend, Is How You Waft A Fucking Towel.”
</p>
</div>
<!-- SC_ON -->
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/YZXFILE"> /u/YZXFILE </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/o6jq9p/a_husband_and_wife_are_having_issues_in_the/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/o6jq9p/a_husband_and_wife_are_having_issues_in_the/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
<li><strong>A farmer is worried that his sex life with his wife is getting a bit dry (NSFW)</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF -->
<div class="md">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
They go to see a therapist, who asks them what they think the problem is. The wife says, “I just don’t have time for it, I’m too busy cooking, cleaning, doing the laundry and everything else. Sex is starting to lose its appeal”.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
The farmer is disheartened to hear this, but listens to the therapist, who tells him, “You need to change things up a bit. You’ll just have to do something sexy to attract her.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
The next morning, the wife is in the house, ironing some clothes, when she hears strange sounds from outside. She runs out of the kitchen and into the front yard, and sees her husband completely naked thrusting his dick in and out of tractor’s exhaust pipe. “What on Earth are you doing?” she shouts.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
The farmer looks up at her. “Well the therapist said to do something sexy to a tractor.”
</p>
</div>
<!-- SC_ON -->
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/notriple"> /u/notriple </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/o6d9jx/a_farmer_is_worried_that_his_sex_life_with_his/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/o6d9jx/a_farmer_is_worried_that_his_sex_life_with_his/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
<li><strong>Two blondes were taking a walk through a bush when they came across a set of tracks.</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF -->
<div class="md">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
‘I’m sure they’re bear tracks!’, said the first blonde. ‘No, they’re deer tracks’, said the second blonde, confidently.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
They were still arguing when the train hit them.
</p>
</div>
<!-- SC_ON -->
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/Arkady2009"> /u/Arkady2009 </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/o6xa0i/two_blondes_were_taking_a_walk_through_a_bush/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/o6xa0i/two_blondes_were_taking_a_walk_through_a_bush/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
<li><strong>A mother and her young son were driving in their car when a dildo suddenly flies outta nowhere and hits the windshield, the mother trying to not ruin the child’s innocence says “it was just a bug sweetie, don’t worry”</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF -->
<div class="md">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
The kid replies saying “How it even got of the ground with a dick that big amazes me”
</p>
</div>
<!-- SC_ON -->
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/criteriaz"> /u/criteriaz </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/o6iyf8/a_mother_and_her_young_son_were_driving_in_their/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/o6iyf8/a_mother_and_her_young_son_were_driving_in_their/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
</ul>
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