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<h1 data-aos="fade-down" id="covid-19-sentry">Covid-19 Sentry</h1>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" data-aos-anchor-placement="top-bottom" id="contents">Contents</h1>
<ul>
<li><a href="#from-preprints">From Preprints</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-clinical-trials">From Clinical Trials</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-pubmed">From PubMed</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-patent-search">From Patent Search</a></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-preprints">From Preprints</h1>
<ul>
<li><strong>What prevents the adoption of regenerative agriculture and what can we do about it? Lessons from a behaviorally- attuned Participatory Modelling exercise in Australia</strong> -
<div>
Regenerative agricultural methods (RegenAg) can help farmers attune their agricultural practices to the natural design of earth’s cycles and support systems. Their adoption hinges not only on a good understanding of biophysical processes but perhaps more importantly on farmers’ values and beliefs, which can become an obstacle for triggering widespread transitions towards synergistic relationships with the land. We conducted a Participatory Modelling exercise with RegenAg stakeholders in Australia—the aim was to provide a blueprint of how challenges and opportunities could be explored in alignment with stakeholders’ personal views and perspectives. A participatory Fuzzy Cognitive Mapping exercise was undertaken to unpack stakeholder perspectives into a formal representation or ‘mental model’ of the barriers and enablers for adoption of RegenAg practices, and to subsequently identify actions that might close the gap between the two. To promote a better understanding and internalization of the outcomes of the engagement, we extracted the dominant narratives which encode the key drivers and pain points in the system. The process relied on a suite of innovative virtual delivery methods that were designed to conduct the stakeholder engagement under COVID-19 lockdown restrictions. For the first time, our Participatory Modelling exercise reveals the key drivers of RegenAg in Australia, highlighting the complex forces at work and the need for coordinated actions at the institutional, social, and individual levels, across long timescales (decades). Such actions are necessary for RegenAg to play a greater role in national economies, to bring balancing relationships to systems currently reliant on conventional agriculture with few internal incentives to change. Our methods and findings are relevant not only for those seeking to promote adoption of RegenAg in Australia, but more broadly for governments and agriculturalists seeking to take a behaviorally-attuned stance to engage with farmers on issues of sustainable and resilient agriculture.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://osf.io/asxr2/" target="_blank">What prevents the adoption of regenerative agriculture and what can we do about it? Lessons from a behaviorally-attuned Participatory Modelling exercise in Australia</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Measuring the Learning Outcomes of Study Abroad Using Natural Experiment Data under the Influences of the COVID-19</strong> -
<div>
This study used the covid-19 determination of participation or non-participation in study abroad to estimate the effect of study abroad.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://osf.io/preprints/socarxiv/zxh7b/" target="_blank">Measuring the Learning Outcomes of Study Abroad Using Natural Experiment Data under the Influences of the COVID-19</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Omicron BA.1 and BA.2 immune response in naive and prior infected persons</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
The highly transmissible SARS-CoV-2 Omicron (B.1.1.529) variant has replaced previous variants and is less susceptible to neutralizing antibodies elicited by vaccination or infection. Currently, BA.2 is the dominant omicron sublineage. Vaccinated individuals with BA.1 infection develop measurable neutralizing antibody titers against BA.1 and BA.2. The ability of BA.2 infection to induce neutralizing antibodies in unvaccinated individuals, either without or with previous SARS-CoV-2 infection, is pending definition.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.07.22273565v1" target="_blank">Omicron BA.1 and BA.2 immune response in naive and prior infected persons</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Effectiveness of 2 and 3 mRNA COVID-19 Vaccines Doses against Omicron and Delta-Related Outpatient Illness among Adults, October 2021 – February 2022</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Background: We estimated SARS-CoV-2 Delta and Omicron-specific effectiveness of 2 and 3 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine doses in adults against symptomatic illness in US outpatient settings. Methods: Between October 1, 2021, and February 12, 2022, research staff consented and enrolled eligible participants who had fever, cough, or loss of taste or smell and sought outpatient medical care or clinical SARS-CoV-2 testing within 10 days of illness onset. Using the test- negative design, we compared the odds of receiving 2 or 3 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine doses among SARS-CoV-2 cases versus controls using logistic regression. Regression models were adjusted for study site, age, onset week, and prior SARS- CoV-2 infection. Vaccine effectiveness (VE) was calculated as (1-adjusted odds ratio) x 100%. Results: Among 3847 participants included for analysis, 574 (32%) of 1775 tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 during the Delta predominant period and 1006 (56%) of 1794 participants tested positive during the Omicron predominant period. When Delta predominated, VE against symptomatic illness in outpatient settings was 63% (95% CI: 51% to 72%) among mRNA 2-dose recipients and 96% (95% CI: 93% to 98%) for 3-dose recipients. When Omicron predominated, VE was 21% (95% CI: -6% to 41%) among 2-dose recipients and 62% (95% CI: 48% to 72%) among 3-dose recipients. Conclusions: In this adult population, 3 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine doses provided substantial protection against symptomatic illness in outpatient settings when the Omicron variant became the predominant cause of COVID-19 in the U.S. These findings support the recommendation for a 3rd mRNA COVID-19 vaccine dose.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.06.22273535v1" target="_blank">Effectiveness of 2 and 3 mRNA COVID-19 Vaccines Doses against Omicron and Delta-Related Outpatient Illness among Adults, October 2021 – February 2022</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Impact of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination on systemic immune responses in people living with HIV</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and an ongoing global pandemic. Despite the development of vaccines, which protect healthy people from severe and life- threatening COVID-19, the immunological responses of people with secondary immunodeficiencies to SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines are currently not well understood. Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), causing acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), targets CD4+ T helper (Th) cells that orchestrate the immune response. Anti-retroviral therapy suppresses HIV burden and restores Th cell numbers. Here, we investigated the humoral and cellular immune responses elicited by the BTN162b2 vaccine in a cohort of people living with HIV (PLWH), who receive anti-retroviral therapy. While antibody responses in PLWH increased progressively after the first and second vaccination compared to baseline, they were reduced compared to HIV negative study participants (controls). CD8+ T cells exhibited a general activated phenotype and increased effector and effector memory compartments. In contrast, CD4+ Th cell responses exhibited a vaccination-dependent increase and were comparable between PLWH and controls. In line with their reduced humoral response, the correlation between neutralizing antibodies and the CD4+ T cell response was decreased in PLWH compared to healthy controls. Interestingly, CD4+ T cell activation negatively correlated with the CD4 to CD8 ratio, indicating that low CD4 T cell numbers do not necessarily interfere with cellular immune responses. Taken together, our data demonstrate that COVID-19 mRNA vaccination in PLWH results in potent cellular immune responses, but the reduced antibody responses suggest that booster vaccination might be required for preventing disease.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.08.22273605v1" target="_blank">Impact of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination on systemic immune responses in people living with HIV</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Characteristics and outcomes of COVID-19 patients during B.1.1.529 (Omicron) dominance compared to B.1.617.2 (Delta) in 89 German hospitals</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Background: The SARS-CoV-2 variant of concern B.1.1.529 (Omicron) was first described in November 2021 and soon became the dominant variant worldwide. Existing data suggests a reduced disease severity in comparison to B.1.617.2 (Delta). Differences in characteristics and in-hospital outcomes of patients with COVID-19 in Germany during the Omicron period compared to Delta are not thoroughly studied. Surveillance for severe acute respiratory infections (SARI) represents an integral part of infectious disease control in Germany. Methods: Administrative data from 89 German Helios hospitals was retrospectively analysed. Laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infections were identified by ICD-10-code U07.1 and SARI cases by ICD-10-codes J09-J22. COVID-19 cases were stratified by concomitant SARI. A nine-week observational period between December 6, 2021 and February 6, 2022 was defined and divided into three phases with respect to the dominating virus variant (Delta, Delta to Omicron transition, Omicron). Regression analyses adjusted for age, gender and Elixhauser comorbidities were applied to assess in-hospital patient outcomes. Results: A total cohort of 4,494 inpatients was analysed. Patients in the Omicron dominance period were younger (mean age 61.6 vs. 47.8; p&lt;0.01), more likely to be female (54.7% vs. 47.5%; p&lt;0.01) and characterized by a lower comorbidity burden (mean Elixhauser comorbidity index 8.2 vs. 5.4; p&lt;0.01). Comparing Delta and Omicron periods, patients were at significantly lower risk for intensive care treatment (adjusted odds ratio 0.64 [0.51-0.8]; p&lt;0.001), mechanical ventilation (adjusted odds ratio 0.38 [0.28-0.51]; p&lt;0.001), and in-hospital mortality (adjusted odds ratio 0.42 [0.32-0.56]; p&lt;0.001). This also applied to the separate COVID-SARI group. During the Delta to Omicron transition, case numbers of COVID-19 without SARI exceeded COVID-SARI. Conclusion: Patient characteristics and outcomes differ during the Omicron dominance period as compared to Delta suggesting a reduced disease severity with Omicron infections. SARI surveillance might play a crucial role in assessing disease severity of future SARS-CoV-2 variants.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article- html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.09.22273420v1" target="_blank">Characteristics and outcomes of COVID-19 patients during B.1.1.529 (Omicron) dominance compared to B.1.617.2 (Delta) in 89 German hospitals</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>DecentTree: Scalable Neighbour-Joining for the Genomic Era</strong> -
<div>
Neighbour-Joining is one of the most widely used distance-based phylogenetic inference methods. However, current implementations do not scale well for datasets with more than 10,000 sequences. Given the increasing pace of generating new sequence data, particularly in outbreaks of emerging diseases, and the already enormous existing databases of sequence data for which NJ is a useful approach, new implementations of existing methods are warranted. Here we present DecentTree, which provides highly optimised and parallel implementations of Neighbour-Joining and several of its variants. DecentTree is designed as a stand-alone application and a header-only library easily integrated with other phylogenetic software (e.g. it is integral in the popular IQ-TREE software). We show that DecentTree shows similar or improved performance over existing software (BIONJ, Quicktree, FastME, and RapidNJ), especially for handling very large alignments. For example, DecentTree is up to 6-fold faster than the fastest existing Neighbour-Joining software (e.g.  RapidNJ) when generating a tree of 64,000 SARS-CoV-2 genomes.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.10.487712v1" target="_blank">DecentTree: Scalable Neighbour-Joining for the Genomic Era</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Brain resident memory T cells rapidly expand and initiate neuroinflammatory responses following CNS injury and viral infection</strong> -
<div>
The contribution of circulating verses tissue resident memory T cells (TRM) to clinical neuropathology is an enduring question due to a lack of mechanistic insights. The prevailing view is TRM cells are protective against pathogens in the brain. However, the extent antigen-specific TRM cells can induce neuropathology upon reactivation has not been determined. Using the described phenotype of TRMs, we found that brains of naive mice harbor populations of CD69+ CD103- T cells. Notably, numbers of CD69+ CD103- TRM cells rapidly increase following neurological insults of physical, cancerous, or viral origins. This TRM expansion precedes infiltration of virus specific CD8 T cells and is due to proliferation of T cells within the brain. In contrast, the CD69+ CD103+ TRMs in the brain are generated after the initial expansion of CD69+ CD103- cells following injury and are antigen-specific. We next evaluated the capacity of antigen-specific TRMs in the brain to induce significant neuroinflammation post virus clearance, including infiltration of inflammatory monocytes, activation of T cells in the brain, and significant blood brain barrier disruption. These neuroinflammatory events were induced by TRMs, as depletion of peripheral T cells or blocking T cell trafficking using FTY720 did not change the neuroinflammatory course. Reactivation of antigen-specific TRMs in the brain also induced profound lymphopenia within the blood compartment. We have therefore determined that antigen-specific TRMs can induce significant neuroinflammation, neuropathology, and peripheral immune suppression. Importantly, understanding functions of brain TRMs is crucial in investigating their role in neurodegenerative disorders, CNS cancers, and long- term complications associated with viral infections including COVID-19.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html- link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.08.487707v1" target="_blank">Brain resident memory T cells rapidly expand and initiate neuroinflammatory responses following CNS injury and viral infection</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Getting the blues: negative affect dynamics mediate the within-person association of maladaptive emotion regulation and depression</strong> -
<div>
Temporal patterns of affective functioning such as emotional inertia and instability may predict increases in depressive symptoms. However, the investigation of maladaptive emotion regulation’s role in affect dynamics and depressive symptoms at the within-individual level is still lacking. We collected intensive longitudinal data regarding momentary maladaptive emotion regulation strategies (rumination and expressive suppression) and negative affective states (NA) (measured multiple times a day), perceived stressors and depressive symptoms (measured every three days) from a general population sample during the COVID-19 pandemic’s first wave in Hungary. The final dataset included 7117 affective states surveys from 125 participants, which were aggregated in 460 three-day measurement windows. Multilevel SEM models were fit to test whether affect dynamics mediate the association between maladaptive emotion regulation strategies, negative affect intensity, and two domains of depression, anhedonia, and negative mood and thoughts. Within and between individuals, rumination indirectly predicted NA intensity and negative mood and thoughts through elevated NA instability and NA inertia. Expressive suppression had a negative indirect effect on NA intensity via NA inertia at the within-person level, while this mediation effect was positive at the between-person level. Moreover, affect dynamics were positively connected to depressive symptoms and these associations were mediated by NA intensity. These suggest that disturbances in emotion regulation are indirectly connected to depressive symptoms, mediated by specific temporal patterns in affective functioning. These findings hold both at the within- and the between-individual level. Our findings may facilitate automated depression risk assessment based on simple affective and emotion regulation time series.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://psyarxiv.com/he53c/" target="_blank">Getting the blues: negative affect dynamics mediate the within-person association of maladaptive emotion regulation and depression</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>A Critical Review of COVID 19 Vaccines: Past, Present and Future</strong> -
<div>
In December 2019, the city of Wuhan in China witnessed the first episode of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), brought on by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS- CoV- 2). And after more than two years, it has become a global pandemic, crossing boundaries and spreading across countries and continents. Many nations have reported different Waves of COVID-19. As per World Health Organization (WHO), confirmed cases of COVID-19, as of 9th February 2022, stood at 396,558,014 with 5,745,032 deaths globally and increasing with every passing hour. Various SARS CoV-2 variants have been recognized and categorized by the WHO as Variants of Interest (VOIs) and Variants of Concern (VOCs). There is no stopping the rise in the number of SARS-CoV-2 infected patients throughout the world, despite authorities announcing and following strict precaution, containment, and preventive measures. Antiviral therapeutic approaches have proven to be merely supportive and have shown limited efficacy. It has since been established that vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 infection can potentially trigger several immune responses of the body and thus preventing the severity of COVID-19 infection. The race for the development and deployment of vaccines has already started, and this paper provides a discussion upon the bioethical angle of Covid vaccines – their development, deployment, and distribution ethics. There are also several ethical implications and concerns about issues like the necessity of vaccines, compulsory vaccination, and vaccine mandates. This paper also addresses some questions about the dilemma of the earliest developed and the most effective vaccines and also focuses upon the updated ethical concerns about the different kinds of Covid vaccines.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://osf.io/7rv5y/" target="_blank">A Critical Review of COVID 19 Vaccines: Past, Present and Future</a>
</div></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Web Pharmacovigilance to Monitor and Predict Epidemiological Trends: Paracetamol Web Searches in Lombardy Before and During COVID-19 First Wave</strong> -
<div>
Infodemiology is a widely applied field in epidemiological and public health investigations. Massive research efforts have been made to predict epidemiological trends based on users’ web queries on specific symptoms or pathologies. Nonetheless, a growing literature denounces that health-related web searches are more determined by mediatic clamor than diseases incidence and prevalence. This paper shows that well targeting the search topics on Google Trends can overcome this problem. In particular, selecting keywords related to pharmacological substances and drugs can provide essential information on monitoring known pathologies and detecting new diseases outbreaks such as COVID-19. Indeed, it is shown that the media hype around COVID-19 has influenced web searches related to symptoms such as fever much more markedly than those on paracetamol, significantly lowering a historical correlation between these two online topics. Moreover, during the beginning of February 2020, there was an anomalous increase in web searches related to paracetamol – not linked to the media hype – that could have signaled the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in Lombardy at least 20 days before the official outbreak of Codogno. Furthermore, observing the coefficient of variability in a 4-day retrospective moving window would have made it possible to easily identify an irregularity between 10 and 14 February</div></li>
</ul>
<ol start="2020" type="1">
<li>If this anomaly had been discovered timely, authorities would have had the time necessary to implement appropriate control strategies, avoiding the uncontrolled circulation of SARS-CoV-2. Finally, there is evidence that the paracetamol-related web interest was causally correlated to COVID-19 evolution and historical influenza trends. Therefore, we suggest that the Italian Ministry of Health and international health authorities adopt this new infodemiological approach to preserve public health. Further research is needed to refine these methods.
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://osf.io/4w7mn/" target="_blank">Web Pharmacovigilance to Monitor and Predict Epidemiological Trends: Paracetamol Web Searches in Lombardy Before and During COVID-19 First Wave</a>
</div></li>
</ol>
<ul>
<li><strong>SARS-CoV-2 reinfections with BA.1 (Omicron) variant among fully vaccinated individuals in the northeast of Brazil</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Background: The first case of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in Rio Grande do Norte, northeast Brazil, was diagnosed on March 12, 2020; thereafter, the pattern of COVID-19 followed the multiple waves as seen elsewhere. The waves were mostly due to the SARS-CoV-2 virus mutations leading to emergence of variants of concern (VoC). The introduction of new VoCs in a population context of prior SARS-CoV-2 infections or after vaccination has been a challenge in understanding the kinetics of the protective immune response against SARS-CoV-2 . The aim of this study was to investigate the outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 reinfections observed in mid-January 2022 in Rio Grande do Norte state, Brazil when the omicron variant was introduced. Methodology/Principal findings: From a total of 172,965 individuals with mild to severe respiratory symptoms, 58,097 tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 between March 2020 through mid-February 2022. Of those previously infected, 444 had documented a second SARS-CoV-2 infection and 9 of these reinfection cases were selected for sequencing. Genomic analysis revealed that virus lineages diverged between primary and the reinfection, with the latter caused by the Omicron (BA.1) variant among individuals fully vaccinated against SARS-CoV-2. Conclusions/Significance: Once all subjects whose samples were sequenced had prior SARS-CoV-2 infection and were also fully vaccinated, our data suggest that the Omicron variant evades natural and vaccine-induced immunities, confirming the continuous need to decrease transmission and to develop effective blocking vaccines.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.08.22272726v1" target="_blank">SARS-CoV-2 reinfections with BA.1 (Omicron) variant among fully vaccinated individuals in the northeast of Brazil</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Longitudinal associations between physical activity and other health behaviours during the COVID-19 pandemic: A fixed effects analysis</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Background: Government enforced restrictions on movement during the COVID-19 pandemic are likely to have had profound impacts on the daily behaviours of many individuals, including physical activity (PA). Given the pre-pandemic evidence for associations between PA and other health behaviours, changes in PA during the pandemic may have been detrimental for other health behaviours. This study aimed to evaluate whether changes in PA during and after the first national lockdown in the United Kingdom (UK) were associated with concurrent changes in other health behaviours, namely alcohol consumption, sleep, nutrition quality, diet quantity and sedentary time. Methods: Data were derived from the UCL COVID-19 Social Study. The analytical sample consisted of 52,784 adults followed weekly across 22 weeks of the pandemic from 23rd March to 23rd August 2020. Data were analysed using fixed effects regression. Results: There was significant within-individual variation in both PA and other health behaviours throughout the study period. Increased PA was positively associated with improved sleep and nutrition quality. However, increases in PA also showed modest associations with increased alcohol consumption and sedentary time. Conclusion: Our findings indicate that, whilst the first wave of COVID-19 restrictions were in place, increases in PA were associated with improved sleep and better diet. Encouraging people to engage in PA may therefore lead to positive change in other health behaviours in times of adversity. However, increases in PA were also associated with more engagement in the negative health behaviours of alcohol consumption and sedentary time. These associations could be a result of increases in available leisure time for many people during COVID-19 restrictions and require further investigation to inform future public health guidance.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.07.22273555v1" target="_blank">Longitudinal associations between physical activity and other health behaviours during the COVID-19 pandemic: A fixed effects analysis</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Self-Reported Mask Use in SARS-CoV-2 Vaccinated and Unvaccinated Populations</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Wearing a facemask can help to decrease the transmission of COVID– 19. We investigated self-reported mask use among subjects aged 18 years and older participating in the COVID-19 Community Research Partnership (CRP), a prospective longitudinal COVID– 19 surveillance study. We included those participants who completed ≥5 daily surveys each month from December 1, 2020 through August 31, 2021. Mask use was defined as self-reported use of a face mask or face covering on every interaction with others outside the household within a distance of less than 6 feet. Participants were considered vaccinated if they reported receiving ≥1 COVID-19 vaccine dose. Participants (n=17,522) were 91% non- Hispanic White, 68% female, median age 57 years, 26% healthcare workers, with 95% self-reported receiving ≥1 COVID– 19 vaccine dose through August; mean daily survey response was 85%. Mask use was higher among vaccinated than unvaccinated participants across the study period, regardless of the month of the first dose. Mask use remained relatively stable from December 2020 through April (range 71– 80% unvaccinated; 86– 93% vaccinated) and declined in both groups beginning in mid– May 2021 to 34% and 42% respectively in June 2021; mask use has increased again since July 2021. Mask use by all was lower during weekends and on Christmas and Easter, regardless of vaccination status. Independent predictors of higher mask use were vaccination, age ≥65 years, female sex, racial or ethnic minority group, and healthcare worker occupation, whereas a history of self-reported prior COVID-19 illness was associated with lower use.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.06.22273448v1" target="_blank">Self-Reported Mask Use in SARS- CoV-2 Vaccinated and Unvaccinated Populations</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>THEMIS: A Framework for Cost-Benefit Analysis of COVID-19 Non-Pharmaceutical Interventions</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Since December 2019, the world has been ravaged by the COVID-19 pandemic, with over 150 million confirmed cases and 3 million confirmed deaths worldwide. To combat the spread of COVID-19, governments have issued unprecedented non- pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs), ranging from mass gathering restrictions to complete lockdowns. Despite their proven effectiveness in reducing virus transmission, the policies often carry significant economic and humanitarian cost, ranging from unemployment to depression, PTSD, and anxiety. In this paper, we create a data-driven system dynamics framework, THEMIS, that allows us to compare the costs and benefits of a large class of NPIs in any geographical region across different cost dimensions. As a demonstration, we analyzed thousands of alternative policies across 5 countries (United States, Germany, Brazil, Singapore, Spain) and compared with the actual implemented policy. Our results show that moderate NPIs (such as restrictions on mass gatherings) usually produce the worst results, incurring significant cost while unable to sufficiently slow down the pandemic to prevent the virus from becoming endemic. Short but severe restrictions (complete lockdown for 4-5 weeks) generally produced the best results for developed countries, but only if the speed of reopening is slow enough to prevent a resurgence. Developing countries exhibited very different trade-off profiles from developed countries, and suggests that severe NPIs such as lockdowns might not be as suitable for developing countries in general.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.09.22273656v1" target="_blank">THEMIS: A Framework for Cost- Benefit Analysis of COVID-19 Non-Pharmaceutical Interventions</a>
</div></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-clinical-trials">From Clinical Trials</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial to Evaluate The Efficacy and Safety of Healthtone as Prophylaxis for COVID-19</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Dietary Supplement: Rhea® Health Tone<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Indonesia University<br/><b>Completed</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Aerobic Exercise in People With Post-COVID-19</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Other: Conventional rehabilitation;   Other: Aerobic exercise<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri SpA<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>The Effect of Home-based Rehabilitation Program After COVID-19 Infection</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Behavioral: Add-on telerehabilitation and home-based rehabilitation;   Behavioral: Home-based rehabilitation alone<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:  <br/>
National Taiwan University Hospital<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Efficacy, Safety and Immunogenicity Study of COVID-19 Protein Subunit Recombinant Vaccine</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Biological: SARS-CoV-2 protein subunit recombinant vaccine;   Biological: placebo<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   PT Bio Farma;   Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta;   Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University, Semarang;   Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Andalas, Padang;   Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Hassanudin, Makassar<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A Study to Evaluate the Effectiveness and Safety of SCTV01E (a Recombinant Protein COVID-19 Vaccine) in Population Aged ≥12 Years</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>:   COVID-19;   SARS-CoV-2 Infection<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Biological: SCTV01E;   Biological: CoronaVac;   Biological: Sinopharm inactivated COVID-19 vaccine;   Biological: other approved COVID-19 vaccines<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Sinocelltech Ltd.<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Tele-Rehabilitation in Individuals With Covid-19</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Other: Exercise<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:  <br/>
Hacettepe University<br/><b>Completed</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A Study to Evaluate the Immunogenicity and Safety of SCTV01C and SCTV01E (Two Recombinant Protein COVID-19 Vaccines) in Population Aged ≥12 Years</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>:   COVID-19;   SARS-CoV-2 Infection<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Biological: SCTV01C;   Biological: SCTV01E;   Biological: mRNA vaccine manufactured by Pfizer or Moderna;   Biological: Sinopharm inactivated COVID-19 vaccine<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Sinocelltech Ltd.<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>COVID-19 Treatment Cascade Optimization Study</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Behavioral: Navigation Services;   Behavioral: Brief Counseling;   Behavioral: Critical Dialogue;   Behavioral: Referral and Digital Brochure<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign;   National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID);   Comprehensive Behavioral Health Center;   North Jersey Community Research Initiative;   University of Michigan<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Phase 1/2 Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Inhaled IBIO123 in Participants With Mild to Moderate COVID-19 Illness</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Biological: IBIO123;   Other: Placebo<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Immune Biosolutions Inc<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Safety and Efficacy of Enoxaparin and Hydroxychloroquine in COVID-19</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19 Pandemic<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Drug: Enoxaparin, Hydroxychloroquine<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Beni-Suef University<br/><b>Completed</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Phase 1&amp;2 Study to Evaluate the Safety &amp; Efficacy of Inhaled IBIO123 in Severe COVID-19 Illness</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Biological: IBIO123;   Other: Placebo<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Immune Biosolutions Inc<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Clinical Evaluation of Rapid RNA Test for Covid-19</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Diagnostic Test: rapid RT-LAMP test to detect SARS-COV-2 RNA<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   University of Southampton;   West Hertfordshire Hospitals NHS Trust;   University of Oxford<br/><b>Completed</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Clinical Evaluation of Rapid Antibody Test for Covid-19</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Diagnostic Test: Livzon Rapid Antibody Test for COVID-19<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   University of Southampton;   West Hertfordshire Hospitals NHS Trust<br/><b>Completed</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Non-inferiority Trial on Treatments in Early COVID-19</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Drug: Sotrovimab;   Drug: Tixagevimab Cilgavimab;   Drug: Nirmatrelvir Ritonavir<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata Verona;   Agenzia Italiana del Farmaco;   Azienda Sanitaria-Universitaria Integrata di Udine<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Ivermectin in COVID-19 Prevention</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Drug: Ivermectin Tablets;   Drug: Matching placebo tablets<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   MedinCell S.A<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-pubmed">From PubMed</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>In silico, in vitro screening of plant extracts for anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity and evaluation of their acute and sub- acute toxicity</strong> - CONCLUSION: The study demonstrated the anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity in vitro and safety of plant extracts in both in vitro and in vivo experimental conditions.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Effects of theaflavin-gallate in-silico binding with different proteins of SARS-CoV-2 and host inflammation and vasoregulations referring an experimental rat-lung injury</strong> - Background SARS-CoV-2 claimed 5,209,104 lives, infected 260,997,910 individuals, globally. Infection is caused due to exposure or susceptibility; deaths occur due to age,comorbidity,higher-viral-load, immuno-suppression, inflammation, and multi-organ failure. Theaflavin-gallate, the major black tea component, showed previous evidence to inhibit HIV-1. Purpose As theaflavin-gallate prevents experimental rat-lung injury, the study of inhibitory effects of theaflavin- gallate was done, on…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Research on the mechanism of berberine in the treatment of COVID-19 pneumonia pulmonary fibrosis using network pharmacology and molecular docking</strong> - Purpose Pulmonary fibrosis caused by COVID-19 pneumonia is a serious complication of COVID-19 infection, there is a lack of effective treatment methods clinically. This article explored the mechanism of action of berberine in the treatment of COVID-19 (Corona Virus Disease 2019, COVID-19) pneumonia pulmonary fibrosis with the help of the network pharmacology and molecular docking. Methods We predicted the role of berberine protein targets with the Pharmmapper database and the 3D structure of…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Phytoconstituents from ten natural herbs as potent inhibitors of main protease enzyme of SARS-COV-2: In silico study</strong> - CONCLUSION: Laurolitsine, an active constituent of roots of Lindera aggregata, was found to be having good ADMET profile and have capabilities to halt the activity of the enzyme. Therefore, this makes laurolitsine a good drug candidate for the treatment of COVID-19.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Computational screening of phytochemicals from three medicinal plants as inhibitors of transmembrane protease serine 2 implicated in SARS-CoV-2 infection</strong> - CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated the potentials of niazirin, quercetin, and moringyne from M. oleifera, to inhibit the activities of human TMPRSS2, thus probably being good candidates for further development as new drugs for the treatment or management of COVID-19.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>The potential of BEN815 as an anti-inflammatory, antiviral and antioxidant agent for the treatment of COVID-19</strong> - CONCLUSION: BEN815 is an anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and antioxidant natural agent that can be used to prevent and improve inflammation-related diseases, COVID-19.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Cold atmospheric plasma for preventing infection of viruses that use ACE2 for entry</strong> - Rational: The mutating SARS-CoV-2 potentially impairs the efficacy of current vaccines or antibody-based treatments. Broad-spectrum and rapid anti-virus methods feasible for regular epidemic prevention against COVID-19 or alike are urgently called for. Methods: Using SARS-CoV-2 virus and bioengineered pseudoviruses carrying ACE2-binding spike protein domains, we examined the efficacy of cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) on virus entry prevention. Results: We found that CAP could effectively inhibit…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>An engineered nano-liposome-human ACE2 decoy neutralizes SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein-induced inflammation in both murine and human macrophages</strong> - Rationale: Macrophages are the frontline immune cells in response to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) serves as the binding receptor to SARS-CoV-2 Spike glycoprotein for fusion and internalization into the human host cells. However, the mechanisms underlying SARS- CoV-2-elicited macrophage inflammatory responses remain elusive. Neutralizing SARS-CoV-2 by human ACE2 (hACE2) decoys has been proposed as a therapeutic…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Anti-Fungal Drug Anidulafungin Inhibits SARS-CoV-2 Spike-Induced Syncytia Formation by Targeting ACE2-Spike Protein Interaction</strong> - Drug repositioning continues to be the most effective, practicable possibility to treat COVID-19 patients. The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus enters target cells by binding to the ACE2 receptor via its spike (S) glycoprotein. We used molecular docking-based virtual screening approaches to categorize potential antagonists, halting ACE2-spike interactions by utilizing 450 FDA-approved chemical compounds. Three drug candidates (i.e., anidulafungin, lopinavir, and…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Cannabidiol and SARS-CoV-2 Infection</strong> - Cannabidiol (CBD) can prevent the inflammatory response of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein in Caco-2-cells. This action is coupled with the inhibition of IL-1beta, IL-6, IL-18, and TNF-alpha, responsible for the inflammatory process during SARS-CoV-2 infection. CBD can act on the different proteins encoded by SARS-CoV-2 and as an antiviral agent to prevent the viral infection. Furthermore, recent studies have shown the possible action of CBD as an antagonist of cytokine release syndromes. In the…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Honeysuckle (Lonicera japonica) and Huangqi (Astragalus membranaceus) Suppress SARS-CoV-2 Entry and COVID-19 Related Cytokine Storm in Vitro</strong> - COVID-19 is threatening human health worldwide but no effective treatment currently exists for this disease. Current therapeutic strategies focus on the inhibition of viral replication or using anti-inflammatory/immunomodulatory compounds to improve host immunity, but not both. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) compounds could be promising candidates due to their safety and minimal toxicity. In this study, we have developed a novel in silico bioinformatics workflow that integrates multiple…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>In silico approach for the development of novel antiviral compounds based on SARS-COV-2 protease inhibition</strong> - The COVID-19 pandemic emerged in 2019, bringing with it the need for greater stores of effective antiviral drugs. This paper deals with the conformation-independent, QSAR model, developed by employing the Monte Carlo optimization method, as well as molecular graphs and the SMILES notation-based descriptors for the purpose of modeling the SARS-CoV-3CLpro enzyme inhibition. The main purpose was developing a reproducible model involving easy interpretation, utilized for a quick prediction of the…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>In silico discovery of non-psychoactive scaffolds in Cannabis halting SARS-CoV-2 host entry and replication machinery</strong> - Aim: Coronavirus disease still poses a global health threat which advocates continuous research efforts to develop effective therapeutics. Materials &amp; methods: We screened out an array of 29 cannabis phytoligands for their viral spike- ACE2 complex and main protease (M^(pro)) inhibitory actions by in silico modeling to explore their possible dual viral entry and replication machinery inhibition. Physicochemical and pharmacokinetic parameters (ADMET) formulating drug- likeness were computed….</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Insights into forsythia honeysuckle (Lianhuaqingwen) capsules: A Chinese herbal medicine repurposed for COVID-19 pandemic</strong> - CONCLUSION: This review summarizes the available reports and evidence that support the use of LH capsules as potential drug candidates for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19. However, TCM exerts its effects through multiple targets and multiple pathways, and LH capsules are not an exception. Therefore, the relevant mechanisms need to be further improved and experimentally verified.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Potential benefits of ginseng against COVID-19 by targeting inflammasomes</strong> - Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the pathogenic virus that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), with major symptoms including hyper-inflammation and cytokine storm, which consequently impairs the respiratory system and multiple organs, or even cause death. SARS-CoV-2 activates inflammasomes and inflammasome- mediated inflammatory signaling pathways, which are key determinants of hyperinflammation and cytokine storm in COVID-19 patients. Additionally,…</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-patent-search">From Patent Search</h1>
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<h1 data-aos="fade-down" id="daily-dose">Daily-Dose</h1>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" data-aos-anchor-placement="top-bottom" id="contents">Contents</h1>
<ul>
<li><a href="#from-new-yorker">From New Yorker</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-vox">From Vox</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-the-hindu-sports">From The Hindu: Sports</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-the-hindu-national-news">From The Hindu: National News</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-bbc-europe">From BBC: Europe</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-ars-technica">From Ars Technica</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-jokes-subreddit">From Jokes Subreddit</a></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-new-yorker">From New Yorker</h1>
<ul>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>How to Unionize at Amazon</strong> - On Staten Island, it made all the difference that the union was independent and led by workers from the warehouse, not managed by a large, outside organization. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/dispatch/how-to-unionize-at-amazon">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Collecting Bodies in Bucha</strong> - A team of Ukrainian volunteers say that, since the Russian retreat, they have picked up three hundred corpses. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/dispatch/collecting-bodies-in-bucha">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Putin’s War Gives America a Chance to Get Serious About Refugees</strong> - The climate crisis will produce a huge wave of migrants, and we’re not ready. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/daily-comment/putins-war-gives-america-a-chance-to-get-serious-about-refugees">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Sheila Heti Reads “Just a Little Fever”</strong> - The author reads her story from the April 18, 2022, issue of the magazine. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/podcast/the-writers-voice/sheila-heti-reads-just-a-little-fever">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Sheila Heti on the Rush and the Fear of Youth</strong> - The author discusses “Just a Little Fever,” her story from the latest issue of the magazine. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/books/this-week-in-fiction/sheila-heti-04-18-22">link</a></p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-vox">From Vox</h1>
<ul>
<li><strong>With The Candy House, Pulitzer winner Jennifer Egan makes her case for the novel</strong> -
<figure>
<img alt="The cover of the novel The Candy House by Pulitzer Prize-winning author of A Visit From the
Goon Squad Jennifer Egan." src="https://cdn.vox-
cdn.com/thumbor/LpqAOXh8bhLCzGO3xYJ6KYN3ie0=/0x92:593x537/1310x983/cdn.vox-
cdn.com/uploads/chorus_image/image/70735042/the_candy_house_9781476716763_xlg.0.jpeg"/>
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<em>The Candy House</em> by Jennifer Egan. | Scribner
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
The ambitious, kaleidoscopic follow-up to A Visit From the Goon Squad sticks the landing.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Xte2W4">
Time is a goon, marauding and thieving and vicious. But the 12 years that have gone by since Jennifer Egan published her Pulitzer Prize-winning novel <a href="https://go.skimresources.com?id=66960X1516588&amp;xs=1&amp;url=https%3A%2F%2Fbookshop.org%2Fbooks%2Fa-visit-from-
the-goon-squad%2F9780307477477&amp;xcust=VoxCandyHouse040822"><em>A Visit From the Goon Squad</em></a> have treated that book with kindness. Playful, ambitious, and formally inventive, <em>Goon Squad</em> stands as a model for what the contemporary novel could be and often isn’t: a book that sets out to express something new, and builds itself a wholly new form with which to do so.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="DjJp31">
Now Egan has released what she’s calling “a sibling novel” to <em>A Visit From the Goon Squad</em> titled <a href="https://go.skimresources.com?id=66960X1516588&amp;xs=1&amp;url=https%3A%2F%2Fbookshop.org%2Fbooks%2Fthe-candy-
house-9781476716763%2F9781476716763&amp;xcust=VoxCandyHouse040822"><em>The Candy House</em></a>, which borrows its sprawling structure and a number of its characters from its predecessor. But where reading <em>Goon Squad</em> felt like watching a circus acrobat pull off a flip you’ve never seen before, <em>The Candy House</em> has a subtler joy. Reading this book is like watching Simone Biles execute a trick that she’s crafted and polished and honed to perfection. You already know she can do it, so now the pleasure is in watching the details. Every little nuance works.
</p>
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="YX0R9M">
The structural innovation Egan made with <em>A Visit From the Goon Squad</em> and repeats here with <em>The Candy House</em> is deceptively simple. It’s the novel as daisy chain: Each chapter picks up the point of view of a supporting character from a previous chapter, taking us from the mind of a strung-out record producer to his recovering addict daughter to her annoying D&amp;D-playing sober companion. We hopscotch across time, meeting the same characters again and again, refracted through the lenses of dozens of different points of view. In 2010, <em>Goon Squad</em> dazzled readers with its famous PowerPoint chapter; in <em>Candy House</em>, Egan’s great format twist comes with a chapter told as a field guide for spies.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="ilAobc">
Technically speaking, <em>The Candy House</em> stands on its own, and if you read it without ever cracking the cover on <em>Goon Squad</em>, it will all make sense. If you approach it that way, however, you will most likely find the climax, which sees multiple <em>Goon Squad</em> characters briefly falling back into their old configurations, landing a little flat. <em>The Candy House</em> depends for its emotional oomph not just on your having read <em>Goon Squad</em>, but on your memories of <em>Goon Squad</em> being crisp and clear — which makes sense, because while <em>Goon Squad</em> was about time, <em>Candy House</em> is about memories.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="aWtNTw">
It’s also about technology, that “candy house” that keeps enticing us to give up little pieces of ourselves to anonymous companies. And it’s about novels themselves, what we get out of them, and — you feel for Egan here — how incredibly intimidating they are to write.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="i7Lf8N">
<em>The Candy House</em> begins with Bix, who we last met in <em>Goon Squad</em> as a brilliant Black grad student in the early ’90s, evangelizing to his classmates about the oncoming wonders of the web. Now it’s 2010, and Bix runs a social media empire. He’s become a cultural icon, a Steve Jobs-like figure as famed for his style predilections (zoot suit, leather hat) as for his technological work.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="mqFrDx">
But Bix has developed a fear. Like a novelist staring down the follow-up to the book that made him famous, Bix has become afraid that he won’t be able to make something else as good as his social media network was. He built his name on a purloined academic theory about mapping the connections and relationships between human beings. How can he pull off the same trick twice?
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="90I6Dt">
Bix finds his way forward with another scholarly concept. Upon hearing that academics have developed a way to “externalize” animal consciousness, Bix develops a device that allows users to upload the entire contents of their memories and share them in the searchable cloud-based format that comes to be called the Collective Consciousness.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="CEKFJy">
The worldbuilding possibilities here are heady, but Egan gestures at them rather than getting too into the weeds. In a few brisk sentences, we learn that the Collective Consciousness, Facebook-like, comes to be useful for both reuniting with old friends and for law enforcement. There’s a half-submerged subplot about “eluders” — people who keep their lives off the internet, who eventually come to be considered dangerous renegades — but mostly, Egan is interested in the human-scale consequences of searchable, uploadable memories.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="IALI7C">
One woman revisits a much-cherished childhood trip through her father’s eyes, only to recoil away from his dismissive reactions to her. A “counter” working for a data harvesting company flinches squeamishly away from his professional obligation to look at other people’s memories. A citizen spy develops a paranoid belief that the government is looking at her memories even when she never uploaded them to the Collective Consciousness.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="bUJpoA">
There’s a certain professional envy at work here, a kind of territorial protectiveness. We live in an era of unprecedented access to other people’s minds, to the daily detritus of human beings’ thoughts. Does this access — Egan asks, through the metaphor of the Collective Consciousness — actually make us better at understanding one another? Or are we better off with the novel, that old, old technology for empathy?
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="R5Fy60">
It probably won’t shock you that this novel comes down hard for novels as the winning option. But it’s hard to begrudge Egan’s decision to hand herself a win. Like <em>A Visit From the Goon Squad</em> before it, sweeping, kaleidoscopic <em>Candy House</em> more than makes its case.
</p>
<aside id="vfgX7e">
<div>
</div>
</aside></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>How much legal jeopardy is Hunter Biden in?</strong> -
<figure>
<img alt="" src="https://cdn.vox-
cdn.com/thumbor/e23TrIuLlXZor3OL6UMRhecUqZI=/0x0:2668x2001/1310x983/cdn.vox-
cdn.com/uploads/chorus_image/image/70734950/GettyImages_520762182.0.jpg"/>
<figcaption>
Hunter Biden, then-World Food Program USA board chairman, speaks at the organization’s annual McGovern-Dole Leadership Award ceremony in Washington, DC, on April 12, 2016. | Paul Morigi/Getty Images for World Food Program USA
</figcaption>
</figure></li>
</ul>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Several recent reports claim the investigation into President Biden’s son is intensifying.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="BRszC1">
Federal prosecutors’ investigation into Hunter Biden is heating up and the indictment of the president’s son is a real possibility, a recent series of reports suggests.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="oNMnXO">
The <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2022/03/16/us/politics/hunter-biden-tax-bill-investigation.html">New York Times</a>, <a href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/prosecutors-advance-tax-probe-of-hunter-biden-11648465200">Wall Street Journal,</a> <a href="https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/federal-probe-hunter-bidens-taxes-intensifies-sources/story?id=83770321">ABC News</a>, <a href="https://www.cbsnews.com/news/hunter-biden-investigation-federal-tax-new-details/">CBS News</a>, <a href="https://www.cnn.com/2022/03/30/politics/hunter-biden-federal-investigation-heats-up/index.html">CNN</a>, and the <a href="https://apnews.com/article/russia-ukraine-biden-business-trump-impeachment-presidential-
elections-073e76b799fef4560ca3a9089d80d7fa">Associated Press</a> have all published stories in recent weeks with a similar theme: the investigation, run by the US attorney’s office in Delaware, has gotten increasingly active, with witnesses testifying to a grand jury.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="N7lI3Z">
The investigation focuses on Hunter Biden’s well-compensated work for foreign interests over the past decade or so, particularly for businesses or tycoons in Ukraine, China, and Kazakhstan. The main legal questions appear to be whether Hunter violated tax laws, committed money laundering, or acted as an unregistered foreign lobbyist.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="yr7hAd">
Ethical questions <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2014/05/14/hunter-bidens-new-job-at-a-ukrainian-gas-company-is-
a-problem-for-u-s-soft-power/">have</a> <a href="https://thehill.com/policy/energy-environment/205992-white-house-
bidens-son-to-ukraine-gas-company-isnt-us-endorsement/">long swirled</a> about Hunter’s foreign consulting and investment work, which he began as his father was set to become vice president and continued amid tumultuous years for Hunter and the Biden family. Critics have argued he was at the very least trading on his father’s name, or that foreign interests were paying him exorbitantly in hopes of pleasing his father. President Trump became obsessed with all this as Joe Biden prepared to challenge him for reelection, and Trump’s allies have tried hard to make charges of Hunter’s purported corruption stick to Joe — so far without success.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="4bOJBs">
But prosecutors’ inquiry into Hunter <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2022/03/16/us/politics/hunter-biden-tax-bill-investigation.html">reportedly dates</a> back in some form to the Obama administration. Recent stories reference some doubts and differing opinions from investigators about the strength of the case, so it’s not a certainty that he’ll be indicted. And by all accounts, the investigation is focused on Hunter Biden, not Joe Biden.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="aHA51s">
With prosecutors’ ultimate conclusion unclear, most of the political discourse around Hunter Biden’s legal woes so far has been about how the media should cover them — with Republicans demanding more coverage and Democrats maintaining it’s not that important a story. But the possible indictment of the president’s son would be at the very least a PR problem for his administration, and potentially a threat to his reelection as well.
</p>
<h3 id="yjF5J3">
Why is Hunter Biden being investigated?
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="YbaSjF">
For pretty much his entire adult life, Hunter Biden has been in the business of being Joe Biden’s son. At age 26, Hunter took a high-paying job at Delaware-based bank MBNA, one of then-Sen. Biden’s largest donors. Five years later, Hunter Biden became a lobbyist. And after his father became vice president of the United States in 2009, Hunter moved into the more opaque world of highly paid consulting and investment efforts for foreign clients.
</p>
<figure class="e-image">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><img alt=" " src="https://cdn.vox-
cdn.com/thumbor/sZdDdwJSv70jNKFqal2uLQcGSQI=/800x0/filters:no_upscale()/cdn.vox-
cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23377477/GettyImages_151389020.jpg"/> <cite>Streeter Lecka/Getty Images</cite></p>
<figcaption>
Hunter Biden, center, flanked by siblings Ashley and Beau, watches father and then-Democratic vice presidential candidate Joe Biden speak on stage during the final day of the Democratic National Convention in Charlotte, North Carolina, on September 6, 2012.
</figcaption>
</figure>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="enaYpk">
This proved to be lucrative. A Ukrainian gas company paid Hunter millions over five years to sit on its board (despite his lack of experience in the energy business), through a company Hunter had set up, Rosemont Seneca Bohai LLC. A company controlled by a Kazakh oligarch <a href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/prosecutors-advance-tax-probe-of-hunter-biden-11648465200">sent Rosemont</a> $142,000 that Hunter then used to buy a sports car. In 2017 and 2018, a Chinese energy company sent $4.8 million to entities Hunter and his uncle James Biden controlled for purported legal and advisory work, <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2022/03/30/hunter-biden-china-laptop/">per the Washington Post</a>. That company’s founder gave Hunter <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2019/07/08/will-hunter-biden-jeopardize-his-
fathers-campaign">a large diamond</a>, which he has said he then gave to his business associates.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="QyKVX2">
There is nothing inherently illegal about accepting money and gifts from foreign interests if you are a private citizen and your dad is a famous, powerful person. But you do have to pay taxes on it. And according <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2022/03/16/us/politics/hunter-biden-tax-bill-investigation.html">to the New York Times</a>, a federal inquiry into whether Hunter had properly paid his taxes began back during the Obama administration. Then, in 2018, the <a href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/barr-worked-to-keep-hunter-biden-probes-from-public-view-
during-election-11607653188">tax inquiry became</a> a broader criminal investigation into Hunter, conducted by the US attorney’s office in Delaware, examining possible money laundering and whether he was an unregistered foreign agent.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="QCYVQc">
At that point, the investigation wasn’t public, but as Joe Biden prepared to launch a presidential bid in 2019, Hunter became a particular fixation of Trump and his allies, who hoped to damage the elder Biden politically. Their efforts to do so became a saga that resulted in <a href="https://www.vox.com/c/2020/2/6/20914280/impeachment-
trump-explained">Trump’s first impeachment</a> and, eventually, the “October surprise” release of Hunter Biden’s private emails, texts, and other documents said to be from a <a href="https://www.vox.com/22992772/hunter-biden-
laptop">laptop</a> abandoned at a Delaware computer repair store.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="r1O0WV">
But the federal investigation into Hunter predated these shenanigans. It’s being led by the US attorney for Delaware, <a href="https://www.justice.gov/usao-de/meet-us-attorney">David Weiss</a>, a Trump appointee left in place by President Biden (due to a desire not to interfere with this specific investigation). Weiss has worked in various capacities in that office since 2007 and isn’t known to be a partisan or a Trump crony. And he has moved forward with the probe in the new administration.
</p>
<h3 id="lf5s6m">
What is Hunter Biden being investigated for?
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="K4WdeH">
Per recent reports, the investigation focuses on three main topics.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="ygPjv1">
<strong>1) Taxes</strong>: Did Hunter properly pay taxes on the millions of dollars in income he made? It seems like the answer might be “not at first,” since he belatedly coughed up over $1 million to pay off his tax liability last year, per <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2022/03/16/us/politics/hunter-biden-tax-bill-investigation.html">the Times</a>. That wouldn’t get him off the hook for past criminal conduct, though, and the <a href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/prosecutors-advance-tax-probe-of-hunter-biden-11648465200">Wall Street Journal reports</a> prosecutors are examining whether Hunter “moved funds in a way to obscure his tax liability.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Rr3hCT">
One recent comparison is the case brought by special counsel Robert Mueller against Paul Manafort. Manafort made tens of millions of dollars from Ukrainian clients, parked it in offshore accounts, and used much of it to fund his expensive lifestyle in the US — spending big on real estate, antique rugs, luxury cars, and more. But he didn’t disclose any of this as income on his tax returns or pay taxes on it. Similar issues appear to be at play for Hunter, as prosecutors are examining, for instance, the money a Kazakh oligarch paid his Rosemont company <a href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/prosecutors-advance-tax-probe-of-hunter-biden-11648465200">that he used to buy</a> a sports car.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="OIcWcT">
“I take this matter very seriously but I am confident that a professional and objective review of these matters will demonstrate that I handled my affairs legally and appropriately, including with the benefit of professional tax advisors,” <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/national-security/hunter-biden-under-federal-
investigation/2020/12/09/3b7361be-3a64-11eb-9276-ae0ca72729be_story.html">Hunter said</a> in a December 2020 statement.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="kUv4oA">
<strong>2) Money laundering</strong>: Hunter is also under scrutiny for potential money laundering — basically, bringing foreign funds into the US financial system in connection with some sort of crime. Various financial institutions filed “suspicious activity reports” to the US government about movements of funds in and out of Hunter’s accounts, <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2022/03/30/hunter-biden-china-
laptop/">including to his uncle James Biden</a>.
</p>
<figure class="e-image">
<img alt=" " src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/GT8qH1JFpu2S4suRhMUh2SK3ZHI=/800x0/filters:no_upscale()/cdn.vox-
cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23377498/GettyImages_596955892.jpg"/> <cite>Rick Friedman/Corbis via Getty Images</cite>
<figcaption>
Then-Democratic vice presidential candidate Joe Biden, left, and his brother James Biden at the 2008 Democratic National Convention in Denver.
</figcaption>
</figure>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="NAlxM7">
Though the term “money laundering” may bring to mind drug trafficking or something of the sort, prosecutors can also charge it in connection with more prosaic crimes, such as <a href="https://www.justice.gov/file/1007271/download">acting as an unregistered foreign agent</a>. (Manafort was charged with conspiring to launder money for this purpose.)
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="XWGwE1">
<strong>3) Acting as an unregistered foreign agent</strong>: The Foreign Agents Registration Act (FARA) <a href="https://www.justice.gov/nsd-fara/frequently-asked-questions#1">requires</a> people doing political, public relations, or lobbying work for foreign clients to register with the government as foreign agents. Ordinary business work for foreign clients does not require FARA registration. But when that work moves from the business realm to the political realm — or, importantly, to the public relations realm — that obligation may kick in.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Zy5dSg">
So the question is what kind of work Hunter really did. Though FARA was rarely enforced until <a href="https://www.justice.gov/nsd-fara/recent-cases">some recent high-profile prosecutions</a>, Hunter, a lawyer, was well aware of it. In a <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2022/03/16/us/politics/hunter-biden-tax-bill-
investigation.html">2014 email cited by the Times</a>, he wrote that officials at the Ukrainian gas company Burisma needed to know he’d “abide by FARA and any other US laws in the strictest sense across the board.” Here, at least, he expressed a desire to stay on the right side of the line.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="iBIqf7">
But sometimes the lines seemed to blur. He brought some of his clients into contact with Vice President Biden — for instance, at <a href="https://nypost.com/2021/05/26/hunter-biden-arranged-secret-dinner-with-business-partners-and-vp-joe/">dinners</a> and <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2019/10/03/us/politics/hunter-biden-china.html">on foreign trips</a>. He <a href="https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-9665695/Hunter-Bidens-relationship-D-C-consultancy-firm-federal-
investigation-revealed.html">helped arrange</a> for a Democratic PR firm to help burnish Burisma’s image in the US. Is all this sufficient to support criminal charges? It’s not clear. When Manafort was charged with FARA, prosecutors <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2018/09/13/us/politics/paul-manafort-fara-foreign-lobbying-law.html">alleged</a> he’d orchestrated an extensive multimillion-dollar lobbying campaign meant to influence US officials and the press on behalf of his Ukrainian patrons.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="sd3Ybl">
From what we know so far, Hunter’s conduct seems relatively more hands-off. One indication of this is that, per <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2022/03/16/us/politics/hunter-biden-tax-bill-
investigation.html">the Times</a>, prosecutors have considered pursuing this as a civil matter for Hunter, not a criminal one, which would come with <a href="https://www.justice.gov/nsd-fara/fara-enforcement">much less steep penalties</a>.
</p>
<h3 id="26W82Q">
What about Hunter’s personal life?
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="ovfQ6J">
Prosecutors are investigating a period filled with tumult in Hunter’s personal life and tragedy for the Biden family. Hunter had struggled with alcoholism for some time, and in the mid-2010s he began more frequently using hard drugs, <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2019/07/08/will-hunter-biden-jeopardize-his-fathers-campaign">including crack cocaine</a>. His older brother Beau died of brain cancer in 2015. Hunter then split from his wife, who <a href="https://www.ksbw.com/article/hunter-biden-spent-money-on-drugs-prostitutes-says-estranged-wife/9085338">would later accuse him</a> in a court filing of “spending extravagantly” on “drugs, alcohol, prostitutes, strip clubs, and gifts for women with whom he has sexual relations.” He began dating Beau’s widow, until that relationship <a href="https://www.vanityfair.com/news/2019/05/hunter-and-hallie-biden-break-up">collapsed</a> too. He <a href="https://www.arkansasonline.com/news/2019/nov/20/dna-test-shows-hunter-biden-father-arkansas-womans/">fathered</a> a child with a different woman who later <a href="https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/21450962-lunden-alexis-
roberts-v-robert-hunter-biden-partial-case-file">sued him for paternity</a>. He repeatedly went in and out of rehab. He was a mess.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="zhMoXL">
Obviously some of the above conduct involves breaking laws, but reports have not so far suggested it’s really prosecutors’ focus. CNN <a href="https://www.cnn.com/2022/03/30/politics/hunter-biden-federal-
investigation-heats-up/index.html">did report</a>, though, that they have looked into Hunter’s <a href="https://www.politico.com/news/2021/03/25/sources-secret-service-inserted-itself-into-case-of-hunter-bidens-
gun-477879">purchase of a gun in 2018</a>, because he claimed he was not a drug user on a form when he bought it. <a href="https://www.politico.com/news/2021/03/25/sources-secret-service-inserted-itself-into-case-of-hunter-bidens-
gun-477879">Per CNN</a>, though, it’s “unclear whether the gun incident remains an active part of the investigation.” And the <a href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/prosecutors-advance-tax-probe-of-hunter-biden-11648465200">Journal reports</a> that Justice Department officials have actually discussed whether Hunter’s addiction problem could make convicting him more difficult if he argues he was not of sound mind during this period.
</p>
<h3 id="9cOkmO">
Does this case mean legal trouble for Joe Biden too?
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="aDgBTy">
Trump allies have been arguing for years that Hunter Biden is corrupt, but they’ve also had a bigger game in mind — they want to tie his corruption to his father. But there have been no reports that prosecutors are aiming to do this or have evidence to do so.
</p>
<figure class="e-image">
<pre><code> &lt;img alt=" " src="https://cdn.vox-</code></pre>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">cdn.com/thumbor/P9hMjWCNyWNyN7IB4TjTU1DDc7k=/800x0/filters:no_upscale()/cdn.vox- cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23377500/AP22091762414076.jpg" /&gt; <cite>Carolyn Kaster/AP</cite></p>
<figcaption>
Hunter Biden hugs his father, President Joe Biden, after he was sworn in during the 59th Presidential Inauguration at the US Capitol on January 20, 2021.
</figcaption>
</figure>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="8uGUSh">
The closest thing so far came just days ago when the <a href="https://nypost.com/2022/04/04/hunter-biden-grand-jury-witness-was-asked-about-deal-
with-chinese-firm-and-the-big-guy/">New York Post reported</a> a grand jury witness was questioned about who the term “big guy” referred to in a now-infamous email from one of Hunter’s business associates. The 2017 email laid out a proposed share split for a potential joint venture with the Chinese energy company, CEFC, which would include 10 percent “held by H for the big guy?” One former business associate has <a href="https://www.realclearpolitics.com/video/2020/10/27/tony_bobulinski_how_joe_biden_would_personally_benefit_from_a_stake_in_a_chinese_business_deal.html">publicly claimed</a> the big guy was Joe Biden, newly out of office.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="RTPDRt">
This joint venture deal did not end up coming together. Hunter would instead end up being paid millions by CEFC for advisory and legal work in the ensuing months. But when the <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2022/03/30/hunter-biden-china-laptop/">Washington Post recently reviewed</a> that whole affair, they wrote that they “did not find evidence” that Joe Biden “personally benefited from or knew details about” those transactions. In 2020, Biden’s presidential campaign issued a statement claiming he “has never even considered being involved in business with his family, nor in any overseas business whatsoever.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="jHhOpK">
Basically, there’s no evidence at this point that money from this Chinese company actually went to Joe. All indications so far are that this investigation is squarely focused on Hunter Biden.
</p>
<h3 id="w2eQsc">
What does it all mean?
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="ndrHKi">
The Hunter Biden story has been a thorny one for the media and political system in part because of all the other scandals both Democrats and Republicans still have grievances with the media about.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="PWAZpC">
Democrats deeply resent how the mainstream press covered the investigation into Hillary Clinton’s email practices in 2016, believing the underlying issue was never all that important, but that the media gave it comparable time to Trump’s many scandals and extreme positions, which contributed to Trump’s victory. They also deeply resent the media’s coverage of the Democratic emails that were hacked by Russian intelligence officers, which they argue weren’t all that scandalous.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Z6p9pM">
Meanwhile, Republicans remain furious that the mainstream media spent so much time covering the investigation into whether Donald Trump secretly conspired with Russia to impact the 2016 election, which never ended up being proven or charged. They believe the media was happy to assume the worst of Trump and that, to try and ensure Trump’s defeat in 2020, they swept stories about Hunter Biden’s corruption under the rug in comparison.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="JZV9xr">
Liberals have tended to argue that while Hunter Biden may perhaps be kind of corrupt and reveal the grubby world of DC influence-peddling, the story just isn’t that important and should not be the focus of much media attention; he’s not even a public official. They also argue Republicans’ concerns about corruption are insincere, since the <a href="https://www.vox.com/21527215/hunter-biden-jared-ivanka-eric-don-junior">Trump family business</a> also accepts large amounts of money from foreign interests that may well be motivated by a desire to curry favor with a powerful politician. Also, he tried to steal the election! (Conservatives fire back that all this is excuse-making to downplay a story that makes Democrats and President Biden look bad.)
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Wzfbow">
There may be no perfect answer to how much media coverage an investigation into the president’s son should get. But it surely merits some. If it continues to an indictment, it will merit more. And congressional Republicans <a href="https://www.politico.com/news/2022/04/06/gop-early-plans-hunter-biden-probes-00023230">are already planning</a> on restarting their own Hunter probes if they retake the House or Senate in the midterms.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="PKs3kp">
All this will be a continued political problem for Democrats as Biden prepares to potentially run for reelection in 2024 — a problem with no solution in sight.
</p>
<ul>
<li><strong>Macron and Le Pen’s inevitable face-off exposes a major shift in French politics</strong> -
<figure>
<img alt="Marine Le Pen’s Rassemblement Nationale Party election night party shows her facing off with
incumbent Emmanuel Macron in the next round of France’s 2022 presidential race" src="https://cdn.vox-
cdn.com/thumbor/HPZdcg9OiZanwvErqGdCrxrPJ0k=/358x0:3517x2369/1310x983/cdn.vox-
cdn.com/uploads/chorus_image/image/70733499/1390702909.0.jpg"/>
<figcaption>
Incumbent Emmanuel Macron and leader of the far-right Rassamblement Nationale Marine Le Pen are projected to face off in the second round of the French election. | Chesnot/Getty Images
</figcaption>
</figure>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Fears of a low turnout and overall volatility have plagued the first round of France’s presidential election.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Og5FYR">
Sunday’s first-round French presidential election follows days of <a href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-04-05/french-election-le-
pen-narrows-gap-on-macron-in-tighter-race">chaotic, rollercoaster polling</a>. Incumbent Emmanuel Macron’s once- comfortable lead over right-wing politician Marine Le Pen all but vanished going into the contest on April 10. While the results won’t reveal France’s next leader just yet, the election and the campaign leading up to it have exposed seismic shifts in France’s political culture that the establishment has yet to reckon with.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="QSz5Br">
The run-up to the first-round elections wasn’t the first indication of that shift — far from it, according to some observers — though the level of political volatility it revealed was unexpected. Initially, “the general thought was, this is going to be a really boring election, and Macron is going to win,” Mabel Berezin, the director of Cornell University’s Institute for European Studies, told Vox in an interview Friday. That couldn’t be further from the current situation. “I’ve never seen an election change as quickly as this one has,” Berezin said.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="ZMFAhr">
France’s elections are divided into two rounds: The first round selects the two frontrunners, and the second selects the winner, who has a five-year mandate to govern. “There’s a lot of candidates in the first round,” explained Susi Dennison, the director of the European power program at the European Council on Foreign Relations. “The idea of the system is that you vote with conviction in the first round, and then you vote strategically in the second round.” What that means is French voters typically cast their ballot for the candidate they really want in the first round, and against the candidate whom they don’t want in the second.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="VtCCOF">
“What is becoming sort of complicated about the election this time around, and what is sort of frustrating a lot of voters in France, particularly those on the left — because there has been, at least until [Jean-Luc] Mélenchon started pulling forward, no real candidate on the left that had any prospect of getting through to the second round — is that I think a lot of people feel that they’re being forced to vote tactically in the first round,” Dennison said. Mélenchon is a member of the National Assembly with the La France Insoumise party, a left-wing populist party. Because traditional left parties like the Greens and the Socialist party aren’t polling high, some voters who might choose those candidates in the first round <a href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/4/10/millions-
of-french-people-set-to-vote-in-first-round-of-elections">might feel they have no alternative to Macron</a> and <a href="https://www.politico.eu/article/france-election-president-2022-abstention-what-if-nobody-came/">that it’s not worth turning out to vote</a>.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="XRAviL">
“That’s almost dangerous in the current environment, because the more that you take away from those candidates with a real chance of going forward, the more opportunity that you give to the more extreme, anti-system candidates that are coming forward,” Dennison said.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="TgJcn9">
But, Berezin said, it’s nearly impossible to predict what Sunday’s results will be based on the data during the campaign: “It’s that unstable, that volatile …. [the numbers are] just changing too much in weird ways.”
</p>
<h3 id="29jf0C">
This election solidifies the shift away from France’s traditional politics
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="LvVN8r">
What this election can tell us, though, is much more about shifts in the country’s political trends and values, as well as how the French public sees the failure of the ruling class overall.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="QCSu4f">
Macron, the young former banker who promised a change in French politics, has proven to be a fairly traditional, center-right politician — despite vowing to be neither right nor left when he formed his own party, La République En Marche, and won the 2017 elections. And although his handling of the Covid-19 pandemic has earned praise from the French public, he’s largely unpopular with the country’s more left-leaning population.
</p></li>
</ul>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="PmLaH1">
Dennison told Vox this frustration is a key factor in the chaotic polling leading to the first-round elections. While Sunday’s outcome likely portends a Macron-Le Pen matchup in the second round and then an overall Macron victory, if the French tradition of the<em> cordon sanitaire — </em>the unwritten policy of blocking off right-wing candidates for France’s highest office — holds true, that’s not a foregone conclusion.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="AH7kdY">
“If you see <a href="https://foreignpolicy.com/2022/04/06/melenchon-macron-le-pen-france-left-runoff/">Macron vs. Mélenchon</a> [in the second round], then I think that things might go the other way, and you might see a kind of pushback against Macron with all of the voters who aren’t anti-system, anti-globalization as Mélenchon is, but want the opportunity to vote for someone other than Macron, and show him that there is an alternative,” she said. “I think there is a huge sense of frustration among people, that Macron is basically the only option that they’re being given. There’s a deep level of unhappiness, particularly with his promise to be neither left nor right, but ultimately having become a very clear center-right representative.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="zLqGVZ">
Le Pen’s right-wing National Rally party (previously called National Front) was founded by her father, Jean-Marie Le Pen. She is therefore considered a high-profile right-wing leader who, like her father, has run in prior presidential elections. She’s steadily gained traction since her first contest in 2012, <a href="https://www.gouvernement.fr/en/final-results-of-the-first-round-of-the-2017-presidential-election-drawn-
up-by-the-constitutional">coming in second to Macron</a> in the first round of the 2017 elections, with 20.75 percent of the vote to his 23.39 percent. Le Pen <a href="https://www.vox.com/world/2017/5/7/15571666/french-elections-emmanuel-
macron-marine-le-pen-front-national-vote-win">bombed in the second round</a>, after a disastrous performance in a televised debate with Macron and <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/may/02/marine-le-pen-francois-fillon-
phrases-may-day-speech">a plagiarism scandal</a> sank her polling numbers.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="xw0Ec4">
But she’s been a force in French and European politics, both as a Member of the European Parliament (MEP) and part of the French National Assembly. And, as a potential frontrunner in the first-round elections, her party — once on the political fringes — is now shockingly close to power.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="nU8wYf">
That’s due to a combination of factors, both Dennison and Berezin said. Besides the lack of viable left-wing candidates other than the dark horse Mélenchon — who was closely trailing Le Pen in the days leading up to the election and could grab some of her votes Sunday — Le Pen is sincerely politically adept and considered almost a populist chameleon.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="3S9vZz">
“Marine Le Pen has worked very hard to say, ‘I’m not just a crazy, right-wing politician’” since she was “very definitely trounced” in the second round of the 2017 elections, Berezin said. “She’s very good at recalibrating. She did a terrible job on television in a debate with Macron about EU policy, and at that time she wanted to leave the EU, like Britain did. She’s the kind of person who can look around and say, ‘Oh, maybe that wasn’t such a good deal.’”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="RclDzD">
Le Pen has pivoted her position that France should leave the EU, given how painful Brexit has been, and focused more on what France’s role in the EU should be, <a href="https://www.politico.eu/article/viktor-orban-marine-le-pen-jaroslaw-kaczynski-europe-far-right-parties-
coalition/">even attempting to build a coalition with other right-wing leaders, like Hungary’s Viktor Orbán</a>. “Le Pen has stayed around, and has been consistently recalibrating, and rethinking and, moving in different directions,” Berezin said.
</p>
<h3 id="LdkhYM">
Many French people don’t feel represented by government — and that could be a problem for Macron
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="0FLCE9">
Most pertinently for the present climate, Berezin said, Le Pen has been focusing on domestic economic issues. “She’s been talking about purchasing power,” focusing on “people in the outskirts of France, people who have to pay more for gas — that is a powerful message.” That kind of economic message resonates outside France, too, due to rising prices both from global inflation and, in the case of gas and other fossil fuels, attempts to divest from Russian oil due to its invasion of Ukraine.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="aptHxm">
Macron’s been dealing with the Covid-19 pandemic for the past two years and trying to assert France’s place in the 21st century global order — lately, through diplomatic efforts concerning the Ukraine war. In those efforts, critics contend, he comes off as too focused on international problems and blind to the issues which affect French people the most.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="eQpsTt">
“[Macron] is criticized for not engaging enough on the domestic challenges in France, and this kind of adds to the sense of him being disconnected from real French people, and what life is like, and really not knowing how they’re going to pay the bills at the end of the month,” Dennison said. “It’s something that he comes under a lot fire from the other candidates for, but I think it’s also something that drives this sense of frustration with people feeling that they’re being offered no alternative to him, that he simply doesn’t recognize the realities of their lives.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="OJLF2l">
<a href="https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/macron-faces-tough-fight-france-votes-sunday-2022-04-10/">Early results on Sunday did indeed project a Macron-Le Pen match up</a> — the predicted outcome after a rollercoaster of a campaign — with Macron getting between 28.1 percent and 29.5 percent of the vote, to Le Pen’s 23.3 percent to 24.4 percent. But although the prediction ended up coming true, that second-time pairing makes it clear that France’s traditional parties have all but imploded, and it’s not clear what — if anything — party leaders intend to do about it.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="eMOIal">
“One of the big questions for me is, ‘What happens to Les Republicains [France’s traditional center-right party] as a party?’” Dennison told Vox. And there’s a similar question for the Socialist Party: How can parties on the left coalesce, draw voters, and sustain both relevance and political power if they can’t agree on a strong candidate to back?
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="a1ATGU">
“I think that’s the big conversation that really needs to be had after these elections, the left needs to get more serious about that,” Dennison said.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="ncOSwI">
Macron and Le Pen will face off again on April 24; some of his first-round rivals from both the left and the right have called on their supporters to rally around Macron and block a Le Pen presidency.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="WaUqSa">
“So that France does not fall into hatred of all against all, I solemnly call on you to vote on April 24 against the far-right of Marine Le Pen,” Paris mayor Anne Hidalgo said Sunday. Dennison, too, predicted on Sunday morning that voters would choose Macron in the second round: “Despite the frustration with [Macron], he’s still seen as a safer option than Le Pen.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="SI4Cfa">
</p>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-the-hindu-sports">From The Hindu: Sports</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>UCL 2022: Emery’s Villarreal eye another giant-killing at Bayern Munich</strong> - Villarreal enjoyed one of the finest nights in the club’s history last week with a superb performance at La Ceramica that caught six-time European champions Bayern Munich cold</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Premier League roundup: 3 things we learned from this weekend</strong> - Chelsea fights off international blues, Conte guides Tottenham to fourth, nothing to separate Manchester City and Liverpool, and more from gameweek 30 of Premier League</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>PL 2022: Man City, Liverpool draw leaves title race on knife edge</strong> - Man City’s Guardiola and Liverpool’s Klopp, who shared a warm hug at the final whistle, will pit their wits against each other again in next week’s FA Cup semi-final at Wembley.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>IPL 2022 - RR vs LSG | Ashwin's ‘retired out’ was a team decision: Sanju Samson</strong> - Rajasthan Royals became the first team in IPL history to employ the ‘retired out’ tactic as Ashwin went back to the dug out despite being 28 not out.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>IPL witnesses first Retired Out</strong> - Ashwin returns to the dugout, allows Parag to join Hetmyer in the middle</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-the-hindu-national-news">From The Hindu: National News</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>CPI(M) failed to call out Sangh Parivar: KNM</strong> - ‘Criminal law amendment will affect minorities’</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Couple injured in auto accident</strong> - Three-wheeler fell into pit in the middle of road</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Teenager injured in explosion</strong> -</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>TDP is defined as a party of backward classes, says Naidu</strong> - ‘Development of the communities has been in DNA of the party’</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>After getting threatening letter, Kannada writer Kumvee seeks police protection</strong> - Accompanied by his lawyer Pandit Aradhya, he met Vijayanagara Superintendent of Police K. Arun at the latter’s office on April 11, and submitted a written request seeking police protection</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-bbc-europe">From BBC: Europe</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>French elections: Macron targets Le Pen as run-off campaign begins</strong> - The French president fires up his re-election campaign visiting a stronghold of his far-right rival.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>France election: This time it won’t be a walkover for Macron</strong> - Emmanuel Macron will face a run-off against Marine Le Pen, in what is far from a done deal.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>War set to cut Ukraine’s economy by almost half</strong> - The World Bank forecasts Ukraine’s economy will shrink by 45.1% as a result of Russia’s invasion.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Could Marine Le Pen win?</strong> - Marine Le Pen will go head-to-head with President Macron in an election run off in a fortnight.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>French election: Macron v Le Pen - two visions for presidency</strong> - One liberal centrist, one far right - the two challengers offer very different ideas for the future.</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-ars-technica">From Ars Technica</h1>
<ul>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>An old music industry scheme, revived for the Spotify era</strong> - The promise of exposure can lead artists to sign deals they otherwise wouldn’t consider. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1844999">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Apollo 10 1/2 review: A Linklater movie about nothing (and the Moon landing)</strong> - New animated movie from Richard Linklater is all about the vibes, man. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1846334">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Scientists spy on Mount Etna with fiber-optic cables</strong> - Researchers detect volcanic activity by watching how light moves through a cable. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1846894">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>The weekend’s best deals: Nintendo eShop gift cards, Apple devices, and more</strong> - Dealmaster also has Logitech’s MX Master 3, Samsung microSD cards, and lots of video games. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1846953">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>The Senate bill that has Big Tech scared</strong> - Biggest platforms would be barred from advantaging themselves over the little guys. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1846884">link</a></p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-jokes-subreddit">From Jokes Subreddit</h1>
<ul>
<li><strong>Grandpa said, “Your generation relies too much on technology.” I replied, “No, your generation relies too much on technology.”</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF -->
<div class="md">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Then I unplugged his life support.
</p>
</div>
<!-- SC_ON -->
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/Nav_the_gamer"> /u/Nav_the_gamer </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/u0zod0/grandpa_said_your_generation_relies_too_much_on/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/u0zod0/grandpa_said_your_generation_relies_too_much_on/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
<li><strong>R. Kelly had a chance to be a professional hockey player</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF -->
<div class="md">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
But he doesn’t like to score after the first period
</p>
</div>
<!-- SC_ON -->
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/MrDickChuck"> /u/MrDickChuck </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/u0mdlj/r_kelly_had_a_chance_to_be_a_professional_hockey/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/u0mdlj/r_kelly_had_a_chance_to_be_a_professional_hockey/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
<li><strong>A Texas State trooper pulled a car over on I-35 about 2 miles south of Waco Texas.</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF -->
<div class="md">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
When the trooper asked the driver why he was speeding, the driver said he was a Magician and Juggler and was on his way to Austin Texas to do a show for the Shrine Circus. He didn’t want to be late.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
The trooper told the driver he was fascinated by juggling and said if the driver would do a little juggling for him then he wouldn’t give him a ticket. He told the trooper he had sent his equipment ahead and didn’t have anything to juggle.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
The trooper said he had some flares in the trunk and asked if he could juggle them. The juggler said he could, so the trooper got 5 flares, lit them and handed them to him.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
While the man was juggling, a car pulled in behind the State Troopers car. A drunken good old boy from central Texas got out, watched the performance, then went over to the Trooper’s car, opened the rear door and got in. The trooper observed him and went over to the State car, opened the door asking the drunk what he thought he was doing.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
The drunk replied, “You might as well take my ass to jail, cause there ain’t no way I can pass that test.”
</p>
</div>
<!-- SC_ON -->
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/MarionScott"> /u/MarionScott </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/u0lvcb/a_texas_state_trooper_pulled_a_car_over_on_i35/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/u0lvcb/a_texas_state_trooper_pulled_a_car_over_on_i35/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
<li><strong>What did Yoda say when he saw himself in 1080p?</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF -->
<div class="md">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
HDMI
</p>
</div>
<!-- SC_ON -->
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/wimpykidfan37"> /u/wimpykidfan37 </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/u0o4rh/what_did_yoda_say_when_he_saw_himself_in_1080p/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/u0o4rh/what_did_yoda_say_when_he_saw_himself_in_1080p/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
<li><strong>A fly feels a bug on its back!</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF -->
<div class="md">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
“Hey, bug on my back, are you a mite?”, it asks
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
“I mite be”, giggles the mite
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
“That’s the worst pun I’ve ever heard”, groans the fly
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
“What do you expect?”, says the mite. “I came up with it on the fly”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
​
</p>
</div>
<!-- SC_ON -->
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/YZXFILE"> /u/YZXFILE </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/u0uvr6/a_fly_feels_a_bug_on_its_back/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/u0uvr6/a_fly_feels_a_bug_on_its_back/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
</ul>
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