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<h1 data-aos="fade-down" id="covid-19-sentry">Covid-19 Sentry</h1>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" data-aos-anchor-placement="top-bottom" id="contents">Contents</h1>
<ul>
<li><a href="#from-preprints">From Preprints</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-clinical-trials">From Clinical Trials</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-pubmed">From PubMed</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-patent-search">From Patent Search</a></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-preprints">From Preprints</h1>
<ul>
<li><strong>Using dialogues to increase positive attitudes towards Covid-19 vaccines in a vaccine-hesitant UK population</strong> -
<div>
Recently, Altay et al (2021) showed that five minutes of interaction with a chatbot led to increases in Covid-19 vaccination attitudes and intentions in a French population. Here we replicate this effect in a vaccine-hesitant, UK-based population. We attempt to isolate what made the chatbot condition effective by controlling the amount of information provided, the trustworthiness of the information, and the level of interactivity. Like Altay et al, our experiment allowed participants to navigate a branching dialogue by choosing questions of interest about Covid-19 vaccines. Our control condition used the same questions and answers but removed participant choice by presenting the dialogues at random. Importantly we also targeted those who were either against or neutral towards Covid-19 vaccinations to begin with, screening-out those with already positive attitudes. Replicating Altay et al, we found a similar size increase in positive attitudes towards vaccination, and in intention to get vaccinated. Unlike Altay et al, we found no difference between our two conditions: choosing the questions did not increase vaccine attitudes or intentions any more than our control condition. These results suggest that the attitudes of the vaccine hesitant are modifiable with exposure to in-depth, trustworthy and engaging dialogues.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://psyarxiv.com/kz2yh/" target="_blank">Using dialogues to increase positive attitudes towards Covid-19 vaccines in a vaccine-hesitant UK population</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Socio-economic impact of HIV/AIDS and compounding effect of COVID-19 pandemic in sub-Sahara Africa</strong> -
<div>
Together with the recent emergence of COVID-19, which is not only directly contributing to high morbidity and mortality but is also destabilizing critical health systems and undermining HIV and other global health initiatives, the spread of HIV/AIDS has adversely impacted all advancements in education, health, standards of living, and life expectancy that Africa has made since the 1950s. However, all nations and regions must work together to find solutions to these global issues, especially sub-Saharan Africa, which has the lowest vaccination rates worldwide and the highest rates of HIV/AIDS infection despite having promising economic possibilities. The goals of this review were to emphasize the effects of HIV and AIDS on socio-economic development in sub-Saharan Africa and to highlight how the COVID-19 pandemic affects this relationship.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://osf.io/preprints/africarxiv/93y2r/" target="_blank">Socio-economic impact of HIV/AIDS and compounding effect of COVID-19 pandemic in sub-Sahara Africa</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>An accessible infrastructure for artificial intelligence using a docker-based Jupyterlab in Galaxy</strong> -
<div>
Artificial intelligence (AI) programs that train on a large amount of data require powerful compute infrastructure. Jupyterlab notebook provides an excellent framework for developing AI programs but it needs to be hosted on a powerful infrastructure to enable AI programs to train on large data. An open-source, docker-based, and GPU-enabled jupyterlab notebook infrastructure has been developed that runs on the public compute infrastructure of Galaxy Europe for rapid prototyping and developing end-to-end AI projects. Using such a notebook, long-running AI model training programs can be executed remotely. Trained models, represented in a standard open neural network exchange (ONNX) format, and other resulting datasets are created in Galaxy. Other features include GPU support for faster training, git integration for version control, the option of creating and executing pipelines of notebooks, and the availability of multiple dashboards for monitoring compute resources. These features make the jupyterlab notebook highly suitable for creating and managing AI projects. A recent scientific publication that predicts infected regions of COVID-19 CT scan images is reproduced using multiple features of this notebook. In addition, colabfold, a faster implementation of alphafold2, can also be accessed in this notebook to predict the 3D structure of protein sequences. Jupyterlab notebook is accessible in two ways - first as an interactive Galaxy tool and second by running the underlying docker container. In both ways, long-running training can be executed on Galaxy’s compute infrastructure.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.07.08.499333v1" target="_blank">An accessible infrastructure for artificial intelligence using a docker-based Jupyterlab in Galaxy</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Reasons for not getting vaccinated against COVID-19 in German-speaking Switzerland: An online survey among vaccine hesitant 16-60 year olds</strong> -
<div>
Background: Several research studies have examined the reasons why people are hesitant to be vaccinated against COVID-19. However, there is no published data to date on Switzerland. Identifying these reasons among the Swiss population who are vaccine hesitant may help inform campaigns to encourage vaccine confidence. Aims: The primary aim of this study is to identify the reasons for not getting vaccinated against COVID-19 among Swiss residents who are vaccine hesitant. The secondary aim is to examine whether reasons differ by age, gender, education, and likelihood of accepting a vaccination to better target campaigns and design interventions. Design: An online survey asked participants to indicate the reasons why they were hesitant to be vaccinated against COVID-19. Setting: German-speaking Swiss Cantons, the survey was administered online between 5 May 2021 and 16 May 2021. Participants: The participants in this analysis were a sample of (N=1191) Swiss residents age 16-60 years old from German-speaking Cantons, who could answer an online survey in German, who had yet not been vaccinated, who had not yet registered for a vaccination appointment, and who did not indicate that they would definitely be vaccinated if offered the chance. Findings: Among people who are vaccine hesitant in Switzerland, the most common reasons for being hesitant were side-effect, safety, and effectiveness concerns. It was also common for people to indicate that they were healthy/at low risk, would decide later, and that they wanted to build immunity naturally. Less common, but still prevalent concerns included wanting more information, thinking COVID-19 was not a real threat, and concerns that the vaccine may serve another purpose. Differences in reasons for being vaccine hesitant were found by age, gender, education, and likelihood of accepting a vaccination if offered. Conclusions: To increase the likelihood of accepting a vaccination, vaccination campaigns should address side-effect, safety, and effectiveness concerns. Campaigns could also consider informing people why it is necessary for people in lower risk groups to be vaccinated, and why vaccination is preferable to infection for building immunity. While campaigns may be effective in reaching some of the population, alternative strategies might be necessary to strengthen the trust relationship with vaccines and vaccine providers in some groups. Less prevalent concerns, such as not liking needles, could be addressed through individual level interventions.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://psyarxiv.com/hnzke/" target="_blank">Reasons for not getting vaccinated against COVID-19 in German-speaking Switzerland: An online survey among vaccine hesitant 16-60 year olds</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Increasing SARS-CoV2 cases, hospitalizations and deaths among the vaccinated elderly populations during the Omicron (B.1.1.529) variant surge in UK.</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
BACKGROUND There were increased SARS-CoV2 hospitalizations and deaths noted during Omicron (B.1.1.529) variant surge in UK despite decreased cases, and the reasons are unclear. METHODS In this retrospective observational study, we analyzed reported SARS-CoV2 cases, hospitalizations and deaths during the COVID-19 pandemic in the UK. We also analyzed variables (ethnic, deprivation score vaccination disparities and pre-existing conditions) that can affect the outcomes. The vaccine effectiveness among those ≥18 years of age (August 16, 2021 to March 27, 2022) was analyzed. RESULTS Of the total cases (n= 22,072,550), hospitalizations (n=848,911) and deaths (n=175,070) due to COVID-19 in the UK; 51.3% of cases (n=11,315,793), 28.8% of hospitalizations (n=244,708), and 16.4% of deaths (n=28,659) occurred during the Omicron variant surge. When comparing the period of February 28 - May 1, 2022 with the prior 12-weeks, we observed a significant increase in the case fatality rate (0.19% vs 0.41%; RR 2.11[ 2.06-2.16], p&lt;0.001) and the risk of hospitalizations (1.58% vs 3.72%; RR 2.36[2.34-2.38]; p&lt;0.001). During the same period, we also observed a significant increase in the proportion of cases (23.7% vs 40.3%; RR1.70 [1.70-1.71]; p&lt;0.001) among ≥50 years of age and hospitalizations (39.3% vs 50.3%;RR1.28 [1.27-1.30]; p&lt;0.001) and deaths (67.89% vs 80.07%;RR1.18 [1.16-1.20]; p&lt;0.001) among ≥75 years of age. The vaccine effectiveness (VE) for the third dose was in negative since December 20, 2021, with a significantly increased proportion of SARS-CoV2 cases hospitalizations and deaths among the vaccinated; and a decreased proportion of cases, hospitalizations, and deaths among the unvaccinated. The pre-existing conditions were present in 95.6% of all COVID-19 deaths and we also observed various ethnic, deprivation score and vaccination rate disparities that can adversely affect hospitalization and deaths among the compared groups based on the vaccination status. CONCLUSIONS There is no discernable optimal vaccine effectiveness among ≥18 years of age, vaccinated third dose population since December 20, 2021 during the beginning of the Omicron variant surge. Pre-existing conditions, ethnicity, deprivation score, and vaccination rate disparities data need to be adjusted by the development of validated models for evaluating VE for hospitalizations and deaths. The increased proportion of cases with significantly increased risk of hospitalizations and deaths among the elderly population during the Omicron variant surge underscores the need to prevent infections in the elderly irrespective of vaccination status with uniform screening protocols and protective measures.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.28.22276926v3" target="_blank">Increasing SARS-CoV2 cases, hospitalizations and deaths among the vaccinated elderly populations during the Omicron (B.1.1.529) variant surge in UK.</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>A comparison of four epidemic waves of COVID-19 in Malawi; an observational cohort study</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Background Compared to the abundance of clinical and genomic information available on patients hospitalised with COVID-19 disease from high-income countries, there is a paucity of data from low-income countries. Our aim was to explore the relationship between viral lineage and patient outcome. Methods We enrolled a prospective observational cohort of adult patients hospitalised with PCR-confirmed COVID-19 disease between July 2020 and March 2022 from Blantyre, Malawi, covering four waves of SARS-CoV-2 infections. Clinical and diagnostic data were collected using an adapted ISARIC clinical characterization protocol for COVID-19. SARS-CoV-2 isolates were sequenced using the MinIONTM in Blantyre. Results We enrolled 314 patients, good quality sequencing data was available for 55 patients. The sequencing data showed that 8 of 11 participants recruited in wave one had B.1 infections, 6/6 in wave two had Beta, 25/26 in wave three had Delta and 11/12 in wave four had Omicron. Patients infected during the Delta and Omicron waves reported fewer underlying chronic conditions and a shorter time to presentation. Significantly fewer patients required oxygen (22.7% [17/75] vs. 58.6% [140/239], p&lt;0.001) and steroids (38.7% [29/75] vs. 70.3% [167/239], p&lt;0.001) in the Omicron wave compared with the other waves. Multivariable logistic-regression demonstrated a trend toward increased mortality in the Delta wave (OR 4.99 [95% CI 1.0-25.0 p=0.05) compared to the first wave of infection. Conclusions Our data show that each wave of patients hospitalised with SARS-CoV-2 was infected with a distinct viral variant. The clinical data suggests that patients with severe COVID-19 disease were more likely to die during the Delta wave.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.17.22269742v2" target="_blank">A comparison of four epidemic waves of COVID-19 in Malawi; an observational cohort study</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Small Molecule Antiviral Compound Collection (SMACC): a database to support the discovery of broad-spectrum antiviral drug molecules.</strong> -
<div>
Diseases caused by new viruses costs thousands if not millions of human lives and trillions of dollars in damage to the global economy. Despite the rapid development of vaccines for SARS-CoV-2, the lack of small molecule antiviral drugs that work against multiple viral families (broad-spectrum antivirals; BSAs) has left the entire world human population vulnerable to the infection between the beginning of the outbreak and the widespread availability of vaccines. Developing BSAs is an attractive, yet challenging, approach that could prevent the next, inevitable, viral outbreak from becoming a global catastrophe. To explore whether historical medicinal chemistry efforts suggest the possibility of discovering novel BSAs, we (i) identified, collected, curated, and integrated all chemical bioactivity data available in ChEMBL for molecules tested in respective assays for 13 emerging viruses that, based on published literature, hold the greatest potential threat to global human health; (ii) identified and solved the challenges related to data annotation accuracy including assay description ambiguity, missing cell or target information, and incorrect BioAssay Ontology (BAO) annotations; (iii) developed a highly curated and thoroughly annotated database of compounds tested in both phenotypic (21,392 entries) and target-based (11,123 entries) assays for these viruses; and (iv) identified a subset of compounds showing BSA activity. For the latter task, we eliminated inconclusive and annotated duplicative entries by checking the concordance between multiple assay results and identified eight compounds active against 3-4 viruses from the phenotypic data, 16 compounds active against two viruses from the target-based data, and 35 compounds active in at least one phenotypic and one target-based assay. The pilot version of our SMACC (Small Molecule Antiviral Compound Collection) database contains over 32,500 entries for 13 viruses. Our analysis indicates that previous research yielded very small number of BSA compounds. We posit that focused and coordinated efforts strategically targeting the discovery of such agents must be established and maintained going forward. The SMACC database publicly available at https://smacc.mml.unc.edu may serve as a reference for virologists and medicinal chemists working on the development of novel BSA agents in preparation for future viral outbreaks.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.07.09.499397v1" target="_blank">Small Molecule Antiviral Compound Collection (SMACC): a database to support the discovery of broad-spectrum antiviral drug molecules.</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Efficient reconciliation of genomic datasets of high similarity</strong> -
<div>
We apply Invertible Bloom Lookup Tables (IBLTs) to comparison of k-mer sets originated from large DNA sequence datasets. We show that for similar datasets, IBLTs provide a more space-efficient and, at the same time, more accurate method for estimating Jaccard similarity of underlying k-mer sets, compared to MinHash which is a go-to sketching technique for efficient pairwise similarity estimation. This is achieved by combining IBLTs with k-mer sampling based on syncmers, which constitute a context-independent alternative to minimizers and provide an unbiased estimator of Jaccard similarity. A key property of our method is that involved data structures take space proportional to the difference of k-mer sets and are independent of the size of sets themselves. As another application, we show how our ideas can be applied in order to efficiently compute (an approximation of) k-mers that differ between two datasets, still using a space only proportional to their number. We experimentally illustrate our results on both simulated and real data (SARS-CoV-2 and Streptococcus Pneumoniae genomes).
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.07.495186v2" target="_blank">Efficient reconciliation of genomic datasets of high similarity</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Responding to the call of the NHS Nightingale, but at what cost?: An auto-ethnography of a volunteer frontline mental health trainer’s experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic.</strong> -
<div>
The COVID-19 pandemic has called healthcare workers globally to respond. In the UK, the predicted high demand for extra critical care beds led to the rapid construction of the NHS Nightingale Hospital, London. I volunteered to develop and deliver psychological preparedness training - coined ‘Psychological PPE’ – to over 2300 frontline staff over an eight-week period. Current research has identified broad themes of the impact working on the COVID-19 frontline has on healthcare workers but is yet to capture in-depth accounts of individuals’ experiences. Using autoethnographic enquiry, this research explores my frontline experience at the NHS Nightingale, at the peak of the COVID-19 pandemic, and the personal impact this had on me. Themes identified include the interaction between recognition and sacrifice, emotional lability and fragility, and the impact of transitions. Findings inform personal recovery, as well as future research and policy development pertaining to the sustainable recovery of our NHS people.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://osf.io/7u3pe/" target="_blank">Responding to the call of the NHS Nightingale, but at what cost?: An auto-ethnography of a volunteer frontline mental health trainer’s experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic.</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>COVID-19 Causes Ciliary Dysfunction as Demonstrated by Human Intranasal Micro-Optical Coherence Tomography Imaging</strong> -
<div>
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), causative agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), binds via ACE2 receptors, highly expressed in ciliated cells of the nasal epithelium. Micro-optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a minimally invasive intranasal imaging technique that can determine cellular and functional dynamics of respiratory epithelia at 1-m resolution, enabling real time visualization and quantification of epithelial anatomy, ciliary motion, and mucus transport. We hypothesized that respiratory epithelial cell dysfunction in COVID-19 will manifest as reduced ciliated cell function and mucociliary abnormalities, features readily visualized by OCT. Symptomatic outpatients with SARS-CoV-2 aged [≥] 18 years were recruited within 14 days of symptom onset. Data was interpreted for subjects with COVID-19 (n=13) in comparison to healthy controls (n=8). Significant reduction in functional cilia, diminished ciliary beat frequency, and abnormal ciliary activity were evident. Other abnormalities included denuded epithelium, presence of mucus rafts, and increased inflammatory cells. Our results indicate that subjects with mild but symptomatic COVID-19 exhibit functional abnormalities of the respiratory mucosa underscoring the importance of mucociliary health in viral illness and disease transmission. Ciliary imaging enables investigation of early pathogenic mechanisms of COVID-19 and may be useful for evaluating disease progression and therapeutic response.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.07.08.499336v1" target="_blank">COVID-19 Causes Ciliary Dysfunction as Demonstrated by Human Intranasal Micro-Optical Coherence Tomography Imaging</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Landscape of infection enhancing antibodies in COVID-19 and healthy donors</strong> -
<div>
To assess the frequency of SARS-CoV-2 infection enhancing antibodies in the general population, we searched over 64 million heavy chain antibody sequences from healthy and COVID-19 patient repertoires for sequences similar to 11 previously reported enhancing antibodies. Although the distribution of sequence identities was similar in COVID-19 and healthy repertoires, the COVID-19 hits were significantly more clonally expanded than healthy hits. Furthermore, among the tested hits, 17 out of 94 from COVID-19, compared with 2 out of 96 from healthy, bound to the enhancing epitope. A total of 6 of the 19 epitope-binding antibodies enhanced ACE2 receptor binding to the spike protein. Together, this study revealed that enhancing antibodies are far more frequent in COVID-19 patients than in healthy donors, but a reservoir of potential enhancing antibodies exists in healthy donors that could potentially mature to actual enhancing antibodies upon infection.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.07.09.499414v1" target="_blank">Landscape of infection enhancing antibodies in COVID-19 and healthy donors</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Evolution of SARS-CoV-2 during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic in Northwestern Argentina</strong> -
<div>
Studies about the evolution of SARS-CoV-2 lineages in different backgrounds such as naive populations, are still scarce, especially from South America. The aim of this work was to study the introduction and diversification pattern of SARS-CoV-2 during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic in the Northwestern Argentina (NWA) region and to analyze the evolutionary dynamics of the main lineages found. In this study, we analyzed a total of 260 SARS-CoV-2 whole-genome sequences from Argentina, belonging to the Provinces of Jujuy, Salta and Tucuman, from March 31st, 2020, to May 22nd, 2021, which covered the full first wave and the early second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Argentina. In the first wave, eight lineages were identified: B.1.499 (76.9%), followed by N.5 (10.2%), B.1.1.274 (3.7%), B.1.1.348 (3.7%), B.1 (2.8%), B.1.600 (0.9%), B.1.1.33 (0.9%) and N.3 (0.9%). During the early second wave, the first-wave lineages were displaced by the introduction of variants of concern (VOC) (Alpha, Gamma), or variants of interest (VOI) (Lambda, Zeta, Epsilon) and other lineages with more limited distribution. Phylodynamic analyses of the B.1.499 and N.5, the two most prevalent lineages in NWA, revealed that the substitution rate of lineage N.5 (7.9 x 10-4 substitutions per site per year, s/s/y) was a ~40% faster than that of lineage B.1.499 (5.9 x 10-4 s/s/y), although both are in the same order of magnitude than other non-VOC lineages. No mutations associated with a biological characteristic of importance were observed as signatures markers of the phylogenetic groups established in Northwestern Argentina, however, single sequences in non-VOC lineages did present mutations of biological importance or associated with VOCs as sporadic events, showing that many of these mutations could emerge from circulation in the general population. This study contributed to the knowledge about the evolution of SARS-CoV-2 in a pre-vaccination and without post-exposure immunization period.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.07.08.499374v1" target="_blank">Evolution of SARS-CoV-2 during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic in Northwestern Argentina</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Modeling infections and deaths averted due to COVID-19 vaccination strategies in Ghana</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
This study assessed the impact of various COVID-19 vaccination strategies on health outcomes in Ghana using an age-stratified compartmental model. The population was stratified into three age groups: &lt;25 years, 25-64 years, and 65+ years. Five vaccination optimization scenarios were explored, assuming that one million persons could be vaccinated in three versus six months. We also performed uncertainty analysis by assuming that the available doses were halved and doubled. The vaccine optimization strategies were assessed for the initial strain, followed by a sensitivity analysis for the delta variant by varying the reproduction number and vaccine efficacy. The results showed that vaccinating individuals &lt;65 years was associated with the lowest cumulative infections when one million persons were vaccinated over three months for both the initial strain and the delta variant. On the contrary, prioritizing the elderly (65+) was associated with the lowest cumulative deaths for both strains.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.07.09.22277458v1" target="_blank">Modeling infections and deaths averted due to COVID-19 vaccination strategies in Ghana</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Human Epidemiology and RespOnse to SARS-CoV-2 (HEROS): Objectives, Design and Enrollment Results of a 12-City Remote Observational Surveillance Study of Households with Children using Direct-to-Participant Methods</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
The Human Epidemiology and Response to SARS-CoV-2 (HEROS) is a prospective multi-city 6-month incidence study which was conducted from May 2020-February 2021. The objectives were to identify risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 infection and household transmission among children and people with asthma and allergic diseases, and to use the host nasal transcriptome sampled longitudinally to understand infection risk and sequelae at the molecular level. To overcome challenges of clinical study implementation due to the coronavirus pandemic, this surveillance study used direct-to-participant methods to remotely enroll and prospectively follow eligible children who are participants in other NIH-funded pediatric research studies and their household members. Households participated in weekly surveys and biweekly nasal sampling regardless of symptoms. The aim of this report is to widely share the methods and study instruments and to describe the rationale, design, execution, logistics and characteristics of a large, observational, household-based, remote cohort study of SARS-CoV-2 infection and transmission in households with children. The study enrolled a total of 5,598 individuals, including 1,913 principal participants (children), 1,913 primary caregivers, 729 secondary caregivers and 1,043 other household children. This study was successfully implemented without necessitating any in-person research visits and provides an approach for rapid execution of clinical research.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.07.09.22277457v1" target="_blank">Human Epidemiology and RespOnse to SARS-CoV-2 (HEROS): Objectives, Design and Enrollment Results of a 12-City Remote Observational Surveillance Study of Households with Children using Direct-to-Participant Methods</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Examining the Impact of Increasing Vaccine Coverage and Nonpharmaceutical Interventions against Coronavirus Disease 2019 In Ghana using Mathematical Modeling</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Seroprevalence studies assessing community exposure to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in Ghana concluded that population-level immunity remained low as of February 2021. Thus, it is important to demonstrate how increasing vaccine coverage reduces the economic and public health impacts associated with transmission of the novel coronavirus. To that end, this study used a Susceptible-Exposed-Presymptomatic-Symptomatic-Asymptomatic-Recovered-Dead-Vaccinated compartmental model to simulate coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) transmission and the role of public health interventions in Ghana. The impact of increasing vaccination rate and decline in transmission rates due to nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) on cumulative infections and deaths averted was explored under different scenarios. Latin hypercube sampling-partial rank correlation coefficient (LHS-PRCC) was used to investigate uncertainty and sensitivity of the outcomes to the parameters. Simulation results suggest that increasing the vaccination rate to achieve 50% coverage was associated with almost 30,000 deaths and 25 million infections averted. In comparison, a 50% decrease in the transmission coefficient was associated with about 50 million infections and 120,000 deaths averted. The LHS-PRCC results also found that cumulative infections and deaths averted were most sensitive to three model parameters: Transmission rate, vaccination rate, and waning immunity rate from infection. There is a need to increase vaccination coverage by ensuring an increased supply. Adherence to NPIs and increased vaccine uptake would successfully mitigate the impact of COVID-19 in Ghana.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.07.09.22277456v1" target="_blank">Examining the Impact of Increasing Vaccine Coverage and Nonpharmaceutical Interventions against Coronavirus Disease 2019 In Ghana using Mathematical Modeling</a>
</div></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-clinical-trials">From Clinical Trials</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A Study to Learn About the Study Medicines (Called Nirmatrelvir/Ritonavir) in People 12 Years Old or Older With COVID-19 Who Are Immunocompromised</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Drug: Nirmatrelvir;   Drug: Ritonavir;   Drug: Placebo for nirmatrelvir;   Drug: Placebo for ritonavir<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Pfizer<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A Randomized Controlled Trial of a Digital, Self-testing Strategy for COVID-19 Infection in South Africa.</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Device: Abbott Panbio rapid antigen self-tests;   Other: COVIDSmart CARE! app<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   McGill University Health Centre/Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre;   University of Cape Town Lung Institute<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Generation of SARS-CoV-2-specific T Lymphocytes From Recovered Donors and Administration to High-risk COVID-19 Patients</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   Severe COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Biological: Coronavirus-2-specific T cells;   Other: standard of care (SOC)<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   George Papanicolaou Hospital;   General Hospital Of Thessaloniki Ippokratio<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of FB2001 in Hospitalized Patients With Moderate to Severe COVID-19 (BRIGHT Study)</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Drug: FB2001;   Drug: FB2001 placebo<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Frontier Biotechnologies Inc.<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Engaging Staff to Improve COVID-19 Vaccination Response at Long-Term Care Facilities</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Behavioral: Full Intervention;   Other: Enhanced Usual Care<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   Kaiser Permanente;   Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute;   Global Alliance to Prevent Prematurity and Stillbirth (GAPPS)<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A Study to Evaluate the Efficacy of PanCytoVir™ for the Treatment of Non-Hospitalized Patients With COVID-19 Infection</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Drug: PanCytoVir™ (probenecid);   Drug: Placebo<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   TrippBio, Inc.<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Value of Montelukast as a Potential Treatment of Post COVID-19 Persistent Cough</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   Post COVID-19<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Drug: Montelukast Sodium Tablets<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Assiut University<br/><b>Completed</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Topical Antibacterial Agents for Prevention of COVID-19</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>:   COVID-19;   SARS-CoV2 Infection<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Drug: Neosporin;   Other: Vaseline<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   Yale University;   Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">**NanoMn®_COVID-19 A Prospective, Multicenter, Randomized, Placebo-controlled, Parallel-group, Double-blind Trial to Evaluate the Clinical Efficacy of NanoManganese® on Top of Standard of Care, in Adult Patients With Moderate to Severe Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)** - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19 Pandemic<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Drug: Placebo;   Drug: Experimental drug<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Medesis Pharma SA<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Plasma Exchange Therapy for Post- COVID-19 Condition: A Pilot, Randomized Double-Blind Study</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   Post-COVID19 Condition<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Combination Product: Plasma Exchange Procedure;   Other: Sham Plasma Exchange Procedure<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   Fundación FLS de Lucha Contra el Sida, las Enfermedades Infecciosas y la Promoción de la Salud y la Ciencia;   IrsiCaixa;   Banc de Sang i Teixits<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Evaluation of Effectiveness of Proprietary Rehabilitation Program in Patients After COVID-19 Infection</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>:   COVID-19;   Rehabilitation<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Other: Respiratory training with the use of resistance set on respiratory muscle trainer;   Other: Respiratory training without resistance set on respiratory muscle trainer<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Medical University of Bialystok<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Developing an Integrative, Recovery-Based, Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome (PACS) Psychotherapeutic Intervention</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   Post-acute COVID-19 Syndrome<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Behavioral: PACS Coping and Recovery (PACS-CR) Intervention<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   VA Office of Research and Development<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Mineralocorticoid Use in COVID-19 Patients</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>:   COVID-19;   ARDS<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Drug: Fludrocortisone Acetate 0.1 MG<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Ain Shams University<br/><b>Completed</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A Study to Evaluate Safety, Tolerability, and Immunogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 Variant (COVID-19) mRNA Vaccines</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Biological: ABO1009-DP;   Biological: ABO-CoV.617.2;   Other: Placebo<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Suzhou Abogen Biosciences Co., Ltd.<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Can Intensive Insulin Therapy Improve Outcomes of COVID-19 Patients</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>:   COVID-19;   Dysglycemia<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Drug: Insulin;   Drug: Subcutaneous Insulin<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Benha University<br/><b>Completed</b></p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-pubmed">From PubMed</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Rational identification of small molecules derived from 9,10-dihydrophenanthrene as potential inhibitors of 3CL<sup>pro</sup> enzyme for COVID-19 therapy: a computer-aided drug design approach</strong> - Small molecules such as 9,10-dihydrophenanthrene derivatives have remarkable activity toward inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 3CL^(pro) and COVID-19 proliferation, which show a strong correlation between their structures and bioactivity. Therefore, these small compounds could be suitable for clinical pharmaceutical use against COVID-19. The objective of this study was to remodel the structures of 9,10-dihydrophenanthrene derivatives to achieve a powerful biological activity against 3CL^(pro) and…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>The Pharmacological Mechanism of Xiyanping Injection for the Treatment of Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia (COVID-19): Based on Network Pharmacology Strategy</strong> - CONCLUSION: Xiyanping injection may inhibit the release of various inflammatory factors by inhibiting intracellular pathways such as MAPK and TNF. It acts on protein targets such as HSP90AA1 and plays a potential therapeutic role in COVID-19. Thus, compound III may be treated as a potential new drug for the treatment of COVID-19 and the Xiyanping injection may treat patients with COVID-19 infection.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Comparative Computational Analysis of Dirithromycin and Azithromycin in Search for a Potent Drug against COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2: Evidence from molecular docking and dynamic simulation</strong> - Due to the emergency and uncontrolled situation caused by the COVID-19 pandemic that arising in the entire world, it is necessary to choose available drugs that can inhibit or prevent the disease. Therefore, the repurposing of the commercial antibiotic, dirithromycin has been screened for the first time against fifteen receptors and compared to the azithromycin using a molecular docking approach to identify possible SARS-CoV-2 inhibitors. Our docking results showed that dirithromycin fit…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids block the trimethylamine-N-oxide- ACE2- TMPRSS2 cascade to inhibit the infection of human endothelial progenitor cells by SARS-CoV-2</strong> - Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2) is a novel coronavirus that infects many types of cells and causes cytokine storms, excessive inflammation, acute respiratory distress to induce failure of respiratory system and other critical organs. In this study, our results showed that trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO), a metabolite generated by gut microbiota, acts as a regulatory mediator to enhance the inerleukin-6 (IL-6) cytokine production and the infection of human endothelial…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Neuromodulation by selective ACE2 inhibitors</strong> - Here, neuromodulatory effects of selective ACE2 inhibitors were investigated. Two different types of small molecule ligands for ACE2 inhibition were selected using chemical genetic approach, they were synthesized using developed chemical method and tested using presynaptic rat brain nerve terminals (synaptosomes). EBC-36032 (1 µM) increased in a dose-dependent manner spontaneous and stimulated ROS generation in nerve terminals that was of non-mitochondrial origin. Another inhibitor EBC-36033…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Prevalence and Mechanisms of Mucus Accumulation in COVID-19 Lung Disease</strong> - CONCLUSIONS: SARS-CoV-2 infection is associated with a high prevalence of distal airspace mucus accumulation and increased MUC5B expression in COVID-19 autopsy lungs. HBE culture studies identified roles for EGFR and IL-1R signaling in mucin gene regulation post SARS-CoV-2 infection. These data suggest that time-sensitive mucolytic agents, specific pathway inhibitors, or corticosteroid administration may be therapeutic for COVID-19 lung disease. This article is open access and distributed under…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Repurposing Halicin as a potent covalent inhibitor for the SARS-CoV-2 main protease</strong> - The rapid spread of COVID-19 has caused a worldwide public health crisis. For prompt and effective development of antivirals for SARS-CoV-2, the pathogen of COVID-19, drug repurposing has been broadly conducted by targeting the main protease (M^(Pro)), a key enzyme responsible for the replication of virus inside the host. In this study, we evaluate the inhibition potency of a nitrothiazole-containing drug, halicin, and reveal its reaction and interaction mechanism with M^(Pro). The in vitro…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Discovery of diminazene as a dual inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 human host proteases TMPRSS2 and furin using cell-based assays</strong> - The proteases TMPRSS2 (transmembrane protease serine 2) and furin are known to play important roles in viral infectivity including systematic COVID-19 infection through priming of the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 and related viruses. To discover small-molecules capable of inhibiting these host proteases, we established convenient and cost-effective cell-based assays employing Vero cells overexpressing TMPRSS2 and furin. A cell-based proteolytic assay for broad-spectrum protease inhibitors was…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Profiling Differential Effects of 5 Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors on TLRs-Dependent and -Independent IL-6 Production in Immune Cells Identifies Fluoxetine as Preferred Anti-Inflammatory Drug Candidate</strong> - Excessive proinflammatory cytokine production induced by abnormal activation of Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling, for example, by SARS-CoV-2 infection, can cause a fatal cytokine storm. The selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) fluoxetine and fluvoxamine, used to treat depression, were recently reported to reduce the risk of severe disease in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), but the mechanisms of the anti-inflammatory effects of SSRIs, and which SSRI would be most…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Immune response to SARS-CoV-2 in severe disease and long COVID-19</strong> - COVID-19 is mild to moderate in otherwise healthy individuals but may nonetheless cause life-threatening disease and/or a wide range of persistent symptoms. The general determinant of disease severity is age mainly because the immune response declines in aging patients. Here, we developed a mathematical model of the immune response to SARS-CoV-2 and revealed that typical age-related risk factors such as only a several 10 % decrease in innate immune cell activity and inhibition of type-I…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Novaferon Effectively Inhibits Ancestral SARS-CoV-2 and Omicron Variant <em>in</em> <em>Vitro</em>, 2022</strong> - INTRODUCTION: To identify Novaferon (Nova), a novel recombinant protein of interferon (IFN)-α, antiviral activity against ancestral severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and Omicron variant in vitro.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Anti-type I interferon antibodies as a cause of severe COVID-19</strong> - COVID-19 ranges from asymptomatic through to respiratory failure and death. Although specific pre-existing conditions such as age and male sex have been associated with poor outcomes, we remain largely ignorant of the mechanisms predisposing to severe disease. In this study, the authors discovered that approximately 10% of 987 patients with life-threatening COVID-19 harbored neutralizing antibodies to Type I interferons (IFNs)¹. They demonstrated that these antibodies could neutralize high…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>The role of trace N-Oxyl compounds as redox mediator in enhancing antiviral ribavirin elimination in UV/Chlorine process</strong> - Ribavirin (RBV) is an antiviral drug used for treating COVID-19 infection. Its release into natural waters would threaten the health of aquatic ecosystem. This study reports an effective approach to degrade RBV by the trace N-oxyl compounds (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-N-oxyl (TEMPO) and N-Hydroxyphthalimide (NHPI)) enhanced UV activated free chlorine (UV/Chlorine) process. The results indicated that TEMPO and NHPI at low concentrations (0.1 μM and 1 μM, respectively) could strongly enhance…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>The Cyclophilin-Dependent Calcineurin Inhibitor Voclosporin Inhibits SARS-CoV-2 Replication in Cell Culture</strong> - Kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) are at increased risk for a more severe course of COVID-19, due to their pre-existing comorbidity and immunosuppression. Consensus protocols recommend lowering immunosuppression in KTRs with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, but the optimal combination remains unclear. Calcineurin inhibitors (CNIs) are cornerstone immunosuppressants used in KTRs and some have been reported to possess antiviral activity against RNA viruses,…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Biological Actions, Implications, and Cautions of Statins Therapy in COVID-19</strong> - The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) showed worse prognosis and higher mortality in individuals with obesity. Dyslipidemia is a major link between obesity and COVID-19 severity. Statins as the most common lipid regulating drugs have shown favorable effects in various pathophysiological states. Importantly, accumulating observational studies have suggested that statin use is associated with reduced risk of progressing to severe illness and in-hospital death in COVID-19 patients. Possible…</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-patent-search">From Patent Search</h1>
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<h1 data-aos="fade-down" id="daily-dose">Daily-Dose</h1>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" data-aos-anchor-placement="top-bottom" id="contents">Contents</h1>
<ul>
<li><a href="#from-new-yorker">From New Yorker</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-vox">From Vox</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-the-hindu-sports">From The Hindu: Sports</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-the-hindu-national-news">From The Hindu: National News</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-bbc-europe">From BBC: Europe</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-ars-technica">From Ars Technica</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-jokes-subreddit">From Jokes Subreddit</a></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-new-yorker">From New Yorker</h1>
<ul>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>The Self-Fulfilling Prophecies of Clarence Thomas</strong> - For decades, Thomas has had a deeply pessimistic view of the country, rooted in his reading of the Fourteenth Amendment. After the Supreme Court’s recent opinions, his dystopia is becoming our reality. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/daily-comment/the-self-fulfilling-prophecies-of-clarence-thomas">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>How Shinzo Abe Sought to Rewrite Japanese History</strong> - Japan’s longest-serving Prime Minister wanted a more assertive place for his country on the international stage—at the expense of atonement and historical accountability. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/q-and-a/how-shinzo-abe-sought-to-rewrite-japanese-history">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>How Boris Johnson’s Government Finally Collapsed</strong> - In twenty-four hours, more than three dozen ministers and aides deserted the Prime Minister. On July 7th, he announced his plan to resign. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/daily-comment/boris-johnsons-government-is-collapsing-in-on-itself">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>What Precedents Would Clarence Thomas Overturn Next?</strong> - The Justice was once an outlier for his “outre” legal views. Now, Jeannie Suk Gersen says, he is the heart of a conservative bloc that is only getting started. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/podcast/politics-and-more/what-precedents-would-clarence-thomas-overturn-next">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Nick Kyrgios Does What He Wants. At Wimbledon, It Wasn’t Enough</strong> - The Australian tennis star played well, but still lost to Novak Djokovic in the final. Does he care? - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/sports/sporting-scene/nick-kyrgios-does-what-he-wants-at-wimbledon-it-wasnt-enough">link</a></p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-vox">From Vox</h1>
<ul>
<li><strong>The Trump presidency was a reality show. The January 6 hearings are the reunion special.</strong> -
<figure>
<img alt="" src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/URbRNNveCkDzpv15RJnwzM7wOxo=/602x0:5421x3614/1310x983/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_image/image/71098373/1241601322.0.jpg"/>
<figcaption>
Photographers lean in close to Cassidy Hutchinson, former aide to Trump White House chief of staff Mark Meadows, taking photos of her before her testimony to the House select committee investigating the January 6, 2021 attack on the US Capitol. | Jabin Botsford/Washington Post via Getty Images
</figcaption>
</figure>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Testimony that Trump hurled a plate at a wall and stained it with ketchup stuck with viewers of the hearings for good reason.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="cxu24G">
Remember when then-President Donald Trump hurled a plate at a White House wall, spattering it with ketchup? You didn’t see that moment. You didn’t even know about it when it happened. But when <a href="https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2022/6/28/23186934/cassidy-hutchinson-trump-january-6-hearing">Cassidy Hutchinson</a>, a former aide to Mark Meadows, Trump’s chief of staff, told that story before the House select committee investigating the Capitol insurrection of January 6, 2021, odds are pretty good you could picture it.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="KPhGYv">
The ketchup wall was just one of many damning details in Hutchinson’s testimony, delivered on June 28. She also testified that Trump seemed intent on allowing heavily armed people to march on the Capitol, that he reportedly attempted to seize control of a vehicle from a Secret Service agent who wouldn’t drive him up to the Capitol, and that he was obsessed with the size of the crowd listening to his speech on that day. (With Trump, some things never change.)
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="8KMyEE">
Those were all big, shattering revelations. But in the moment, as Hutchinson was testifying, what seemed to garner the greatest buzz on social media platforms was the ketchup. It was so ridiculous, so overly dramatic, so campy. Even though Hutchinson says it really happened, it nevertheless had big reality TV vibes, a sense that what was real had been turned up a couple of notches. And that was what made the moment stand out.
</p>
<div id="u1iQtH">
<blockquote class="twitter-tweet">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" dir="ltr" lang="en">
Sources close to Jared and Ivanka say that privately the couple opposed Donald Trump’s decision to throw ketchup at the wall.
</p>
— New York Times Pitchbot (<span class="citation" data-cites="DougJBalloon">@DougJBalloon</span>) <a href="https://twitter.com/DougJBalloon/status/1541928385651376129?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">June 28, 2022</a>
</blockquote></div></li>
</ul>
<div id="PJ3OuY">
<blockquote class="twitter-tweet">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" dir="ltr" lang="en">
Dear Mar-A-Lago staff,<br/><br/>Hide the plates and the ketchup. Now.
</p>
— Don Winslow (<span class="citation" data-cites="donwinslow">@donwinslow</span>) <a href="https://twitter.com/donwinslow/status/1541933413753446400?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">June 28, 2022</a>
</blockquote>
</div>
<div id="i79jWA">
<blockquote class="twitter-tweet">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" dir="ltr" lang="en">
We probably should’ve known that presidency would end with ketchup dripping down a wall, but then, Heinz sight is 2020.
</p>
— Justin Chang (<span class="citation" data-cites="JustinCChang">@JustinCChang</span>) <a href="https://twitter.com/JustinCChang/status/1541901265197641728?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">June 28, 2022</a>
</blockquote>
</div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="moJEuq">
Reality television made Trump, both literally (he built considerable fame atop <em>The Apprentice</em>) and figuratively (he seemed to subconsciously fashion himself as a reality TV character on the campaign trail). And even though Trump is no longer in office, reality TV remains a compelling way to understand him and his administration. With the hearings set to resume this week, the “narrative” surrounding them — at least among casual observers — increasingly has the feel of people discussing a reality show around the water cooler, too.
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="D68gRF">
Now that his presidency is over, the January 6 hearings stand as a kind of last-minute reunion special, one where the former star has removed himself from the proceedings by refusing to testify. No less a former Trump luminary than former chief of staff Steve Bannon is set to testify this week.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="zGnJxX">
Since Trump won’t be testifying, he misses a chance to set the narrative and define its “characters” going forward. He has lost control of the story, as it were. As such, we’re left with the stories we didn’t hear about in all those years of the Trump White House. And in the midst of that vacuum, of course we’re picking on the most ridiculous details.
</p>
<h3 id="yzkNZ6">
Donald Trump has always been our reality-show president. These hearings prove he still is, even without his usual tricks.
</h3>
<figure class="e-image">
<img alt="Donald Trump on The Apprentice." src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/rgb9-eWh2X_pKkfDyBQOjnb_14s=/800x0/filters:no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/7249427/GettyImages-114617591.jpg"/> <cite>Matthew Imaging/Getty Images</cite>
<figcaption>
Donald Trump’s fame only increased after he began hosting the NBC reality show <em>The Apprentice</em> in 2004.
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</figure>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="v7eVoo">
In the summer of 2015, as Trump began his rise to the top of the Republican presidential primary polls, many political observers wrote him off as a flash in the pan. But his TV presence was fascinating.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="6dbDPn">
In the early Republican primary debates, he kept finding ways to make himself the story and to pull the camera’s focus back to him. His many years on the reality show <em>The Apprentice </em>had served him incredibly well. Trump had so internalized how to be on television that none of his opponents seemed to be anywhere near as comfortable. Being good on TV isn’t the primary skill that wins presidential races, but it helps considerably. And <a href="https://www.vox.com/2015/8/14/9151251/donald-trump-apprentice-president">Trump was really good on TV</a>. “The contents of Trump’s message are loathsome to many, including many Republicans, but the package Trump is selling them in is market-tested and ready to ship,” I wrote at the time.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="quMSWy">
The idea of understanding Trump as a scheming reality show contestant, willing to do whatever it took to win, only grew as he won the Republican nomination and the presidency. He quite willingly took on the role of “reality show villain,” which wasn’t really a negative. In reality TV, the “villain” is just the person who drives the story forward through their scheming, whom the cameras are always pinned to, who does and says the most outrageous things to garner attention. The archetypal example is likely Richard Hatch from the first season of <em>Survivor</em>, who won the whole game by being as unscrupulous as possible. Whether Trump thought of himself this way is impossible to know, but he quite obviously understood what made good television.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="gwICP1">
“Donald Trump is starring in a <a href="https://www.vox.com/culture/22233503/antihero-donald-trump-house-of-cards">TV show where he is the protagonist</a>” turned out to be an incredibly useful way to understand Trump’s rise to power. (The <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2019/09/06/opinion/sunday/trump-reality-tv.html">New York Times’s James Poniewozik</a> wrote an <a href="https://www.amazon.com/Audience-One-Television-Fracturing-America/dp/1631494422">entire book</a> about it.) It didn’t help blunt the occasionally catastrophic effects of his policies, but it did explain why he seemed so comfortable with complete and utter chaos. Indeed, he seemed most at home amid it.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="4prgLk">
Trump seemed comfortable playing a reality show villain, the guy whose behavior was so unbelievable that you had to keep tuning in to see what he did next. When the Covid-19 pandemic hit and disrupted every aspect of American life, Trump’s desire to be at the center of his own TV show <a href="https://www.vox.com/culture/2020/4/7/21211394/donald-trump-coronavirus-briefing-clip-show">ran aground</a> — but it wasn’t as though he lost the 2020 election in a blowout either. To plenty of people, the Trump show was one they wanted to keep watching.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="VHX1oL">
The Trump who attempted to subvert the election on January 6 — especially the Trump portrayed in the testimony at the select committee hearings — is essentially a man who believed himself to be a TV protagonist who was so intent on remaining the protagonist (or, okay, the president) that he nearly destroyed American democracy in the process of asserting that fact. His efforts ultimately failed, but the reminder of just how self-aggrandizing and destructive Trump could be may be why Hutchinson’s testimony seemed to strike such a nerve.
</p>
<h3 id="R2Pu9s">
The January 6 hearings are finally exposing Trump’s reality TV villain persona for the sham it’s always been
</h3>
<figure class="e-image">
<img alt=" " src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/8NWUK5UD1dfLyQc1s03qcTQDf_o=/800x0/filters:no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23760342/1241599082.jpg"/> <cite>Tom Williams/CQ-Roll Call, Inc via Getty Images</cite>
<figcaption>
Cassidy Hutchinson testifies before the January 6 committee.
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</figure>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="NyMQes">
There are few formats more poorly suited to riveting television than congressional hearings. The January 6 committee has lots of compelling visual evidence, including some truly gut-wrenching videos, but the core of the hearings are individual testimonies. And just watching someone talk makes for really boring television.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="60CH0a">
As such, almost every time there are congressional hearings for anything, those inclined to believe those hearings should move the public opinion needle fret endlessly about whether they have “broken through.” If hearings are so boring on TV, why would anyone watch these hearings if they were not already inclined to agree with the idea that Trump’s actions require investigation? And if nobody watches them, will they matter?
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="5Ki2Fd">
A similar dynamic even struck the Watergate hearings, probably the most famous televised congressional hearings of all time. When looking back at reporting from the period, it’s not hard to find folks fretting over whether anyone really cares that Nixon did something bad. Eventually, enough people did, both within Washington and without, that Nixon stepped down. But it took longer than you’d expect. The gap between the beginning of those hearings and Richard Nixon’s resignation was <a href="https://www.pbs.org/newshour/politics/complete-watergate-timeline-took-longer-realize">well over a year</a>, and even in terms of his approval rating, it took several months to reach a true nadir.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="UyR8bV">
The temptation, then, is to say that the hearing where Hutchinson testified was only the sixth hearing of this particular committee, and therefore, there’s plenty of time for the hearings to reach a wider audience. But those typical congressional hearing dynamics are all scrambled in the face of Trump. He’s been playing the part of reality TV villain so long that if you’re someone who just wanted him voted off the show back when he was being a garden variety asshole in Republican primary debates and not, you know, possibly committing treason, then the last several years have built an ever more frustrated sense of urgency. Something — the Mueller report, the first impeachment, the second impeachment — has to take down Trump. And yet nothing has. If you’re that person, then Trump’s ability to never face accountability seems increasingly galling. <a href="https://knowyourmeme.com/memes/id-like-to-see-ol-donny-trump-wriggle-his-way-out-of-this-jam">Ah. Well. Nevertheless.</a>
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="DwtJx8">
Yet perversely, I think that’s why “Trump threw a plate at a wall” broke through in a way some of the other January 6 committee revelations have not. Hutchinson’s story, dryly delivered though it was, played into a different type of reality TV villain — not the calculating mastermind willing to do anything to win but the unhinged person who makes everybody’s life hell. (Imagine the <a href="https://www.bravotv.com/the-real-housewives-of-new-jersey/season-1/videos/prostitution-whore">table flip moment from <em>Real Housewives of New Jersey</em></a> and I think you’ll see what I mean.)
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="fs0i68">
This less-controlled reality TV villain can be very fun to watch on TV, but you’d rarely want them in your corner. They are, instead, cautionary tales of what happens when “I’m not here to make friends” boils over into something so antisocial that it burns up on reentering the atmosphere. You definitely wouldn’t want to hang out with this person.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="XG6ZEn">
Occasionally, that sort of villain simply removes themselves from the narrative altogether. Perhaps the most famous example of this happening in reality television occurred when Lisa Vanderpump abruptly stepped away from Bravo’s <em>Real Housewives of Beverly Hills</em>, the show that made her a TV star, midway through filming its ninth season. (Her employee-centric spinoff, <em>Vanderpump Rules</em>, continues to run.) Her reasons for doing so were varied, but at base, they boiled down to (and I paraphrase) <a href="https://people.com/tv/andy-cohen-speaks-out-lisa-vanderpump-skipping-rhobh-reunion/">“everybody is persecuting me.”</a> Her castmates were insufficiently nice to her. The editors weren’t making her look good. And so on.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="yELxwH">
If that sounds at all like the former president’s obsession with how he’s perceived, well, the former president was also a reality TV star. And reality TV is a uniquely deceptive beast because if you’re on it, the process of getting “a good edit” makes it sometimes seem as though you’re literally in control of reality, especially if you’ve got a lot of power over the creative direction of the show, as Trump did over <em>The Apprentice</em>. (There’s one more comparison point to be drawn here: Like Trump, Vanderpump didn’t fare particularly well on <a href="https://ew.com/recap/the-real-housewives-of-beverly-hills-season-9-episode-24/">the <em>Real Housewives</em> reunion</a> she skipped.)
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="nUnBzh">
When watching Hutchinson’s testimony in front of the January 6 committee, I couldn’t help but fantasize about the ways that the things she was saying might have been intercut with the footage of those things happening were this an actual reality TV reunion special, the live audience oohing and aahing at all the big moments from the season prior. I’ve been reading the Trump presidency through a reality TV lens for so long that I can’t stop, even when the events being described are horrifying and sobering.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="fveODF">
I say none of this to downplay the seriousness of the charges Hutchinson made against Trump but, rather, to suggest why the January 6 hearings might finally be puncturing the televisual archetype that made Trump such a formidable political force. I am under no illusions that anything will happen to make Trump suffer actual consequences for what he did, but I do think the hearings have finally exposed him for who he is, just a little bit. He’s not a scheming <em>Survivor</em>. He’s a snippy, back-biting <em>Real President of DC</em>.
</p>
<ul>
<li><strong>The true physical and mental costs of pregnancy</strong> -
<figure>
<img alt="A pregnant woman with words written on her naked belly that read “No forced pregnancy.”" src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/OTk6Z5UWfRVmNUafRunxCRF0Fl4=/324x0:2969x1984/1310x983/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_image/image/71098211/GettyImages_1240671715.0.jpg"/>
<figcaption>
A pregnant woman during a nationwide rally in support of abortion rights in Washington, DC, on May 14, 2022. | Sarah Silbiger/Bloomberg via Getty Images
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</figure>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Why being forced to carry a pregnancy to term is invasive and traumatic.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Wa4A40">
Popular culture tends to focus on a few elements of pregnancy: <a href="https://www.thenationalnews.com/lifestyle/family/8-things-movies-get-wrong-about-pregnancy-from-the-glow-to-meltdowns-1.1031635">morning sickness</a>, the growing <a href="https://www.usmagazine.com/celebrity-moms/pictures/bump-hall-of-fame-200989/38041-2/">baby bump</a>, and, of course, <a href="https://www.healthline.com/health/pregnancy/pregnancy-mood-swings">mood swings</a>. But that ignores more dangerous, less well-known conditions associated with pregnancy. Up to <a href="https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/basics/gestational.html#:~:text=Gestational%20diabetes%20is%20a%20type,pregnancy%20and%20a%20healthy%20baby.">10 percent of pregnant US women are diagnosed with gestational diabetes</a> and uncontrolled high blood sugar; untreated, this can result in a difficult delivery, and risks developing into type 2 diabetes years later. Meanwhile, <a href="https://www.marchofdimes.org/complications/preeclampsia.aspx#:~:text=Preeclampsia%20is%20a%20serious%20health,in%2020)%20of%20premature%20births.">2-8 percent of women worldwide have symptoms of preeclampsia</a>, a condition involving high blood pressure that can lead to fatal seizures if untreated, can damage the mother’s organs, and <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16721106/">increases the risk of chronic disease</a> later in life for the baby.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="iWb1ed">
But even a supposedly normal, healthy pregnancy with no complications can lead to a lot more than just morning nausea. And the ordeal isn’t over when the baby is born; pregnancy changes one’s body permanently, and labor is often traumatic. If it weren’t taken for granted as a natural part of life, pregnancy could easily be considered a <a href="https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms/def/chronic-disease">chronic</a> illness or <a href="https://www.ada.gov/employment.htm">disability</a>. Women with pregnancy-related impairments are <a href="https://www.eeoc.gov/pregnancy-discrimination">legally a protected class</a> under the <a href="https://www.eeoc.gov/statutes/pregnancy-discrimination-act-1978">Pregnancy Discrimination Act</a>.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="ZIrpGI">
One way to quantify the full physical and psychological costs of pregnancy is to look at the compensation rates for <a href="https://www.webmd.com/infertility-and-reproduction/guide/using-surrogate-mother">surrogates</a>, who carry a pregnancy on behalf of prospective parents who, often due to infertility or health conditions that make pregnancy unsafe, are unable to have children themselves. The bar to become a surrogate is high: <a href="https://www.westcoastsurrogacy.com/become-a-surrogate-mother/surrogate-mother-requirements">Most agencies require</a> that a potential surrogate have a child of their own who they are raising. As well as passing an <a href="https://surrogate.com/surrogates/pregnancy-and-health/medical-process-for-a-surrogate/">extensive health screening</a> by the agency and being at low risk of complications, these women are likely selected for having had relatively tolerable past pregnancies, such that they consider the compensation worth it, despite the risks.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="9w4wFo">
Yet the base compensation for surrogates generally starts at <a href="https://www.creativefamilyconnections.com/surrogates/surrogate-financial-information/">$30,000 </a><a href="https://southernsurrogacy.com/surrogates/financial-benefits/">or more</a>, depending on the local state laws. (Medical expenses are paid in full by the parents of the child.) In California, <a href="https://www.westcoastsurrogacy.com/become-a-surrogate-mother/surrogate-mother-compensation">experienced surrogates can earn as much as $75,000</a>. This is before any additional payments to cover housekeeping, lost wages during the pregnancy or due to complications afterward, or other possible costs. Given the <a href="https://www.harvardmagazine.com/2020/05/feature-forum-costliest-health-care">high cost</a> of <a href="https://www.cnbc.com/2022/02/28/why-health-care-costs-are-rising-in-the-us-more-than-anywhere-else-.html">medical care</a> in the US, the effective salary for going through the risk and inconvenience of a pregnancy is much higher.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="zPeisF">
This puts a new light on the <a href="https://reproductiverights.org/case/scotus-mississippi-abortion-ban/">recent Supreme Court decision</a> in <em>Dobbs v. Jackson Women’s Health Organization</em> that overturned <em>Roe v. Wade</em> after almost 50 years, and particularly on <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/outlook/barrett-is-wrong-adoption-doesnt-take-care-of-the-burden-of-motherhood/2021/12/03/e5bd2f86-53d3-11ec-9267-17ae3bde2f26_story.html">Justice Amy Coney Barrett’s argument</a> in the courtroom in December that the <a href="https://twitter.com/mjs_DC/status/1466076071514812418">availability of adoption</a> means that heavy restrictions on abortion access won’t necessarily affect women’s lives and futures. But even if “<a href="https://safehavenlaws.uslegal.com/">safe haven</a>” laws mean that a person can surrender a child at birth and move on, the ability to relinquish a child for adoption does nothing to reduce the burden of pregnancy, nor does it ease the recovery afterward or lessen the resulting changes to a pregnant person’s body.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="m6ATkZ">
The challenges of pregnancy may be more than worth it for hopeful mothers who take home an infant, and acceptable for surrogates who know exactly what they signed up for. However, the <em>Dobbs</em> decision will inevitably mean that many people will be forced to carry a pregnancy to term, enduring all the hardships and potentially facing long-term medical consequences, but without having chosen that path, and without any reward or financial compensation.
</p>
<h3 id="F4VUUD">
So what does a supposedly normal, healthy pregnancy look like?
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="pK1dFz">
The internet provides a <a href="https://www.webmd.com/baby/guide/pregnancy-am-i-pregnant">wealth</a> of <a href="https://www.womenshealth.gov/pregnancy/youre-pregnant-now-what/body-changes-and-discomforts">advice</a> for <a href="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/pregnancy-week-by-week/in-depth/pregnancy/art-20047208">pregnant people</a> on what to expect when they’re expecting — and the list is long. Most physical symptoms are caused by either the wildly shifting hormones of pregnancy or the physical growth and pressure of the fetus and uterus.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="QQmJzV">
From the first trimester, in addition to nausea — which isn’t necessarily just in the morning — most pregnant people will feel unusually exhausted. The fatigue can be seriously disabling. “People say, ‘I can’t get out of bed, I can’t do my job,’” says <a href="https://www.medstarhealth.org/doctors/tamika-auguste-md">Dr. Tamika Auguste</a>, an OB-GYN in Washington, DC. Thanks to hormone swings, constipation is very common. “Sometimes women go from having a regular bowel movement daily to having one every three or four days, and so it’s very uncomfortable,” she adds.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="pjZLXM">
The physical symptoms are worsened by the isolation and uncertainty many pregnant people feel as they struggle to determine what discomfort is “normal” and what isn’t. Danika Severino Wynn, an advanced practice midwife with Planned Parenthood, reports that some of her patients find it uncomfortable to bring these symptoms up, even with their medical providers. “[The] changes in your bowel patterns, hemorrhoids, the nausea and vomiting — that’s neverending, but you might not want to deal with it when you’re in the workplace,” she says. “I’ve had many patients who have been lucky to have offices, for example, and say they closed their doors half the day because they have to vomit so often.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Yuhn6L">
And the mood-related symptoms are anything but a joke. “I can speak from my own experience there,” Severino Wynn says. “The amount of depression that I dealt with during and after my pregnancies was crippling and was far more than I ever anticipated.” Postpartum depression is also a significant risk, <a href="https://www.womenshealth.gov/mental-health/mental-health-conditions/postpartum-depression">affecting one in nine mothers</a>.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="xG0FjK">
By the third trimester — starting at about <a href="https://maternity.jacksonhealth.org/pregnancy-milestones/first-second-third-trimester/">27 weeks</a> — pregnant people are often in significant discomfort. Especially if they were slim before the pregnancy, rapid weight gain (a woman of average weight can <a href="https://www.webmd.com/baby/guide/healthy-weight-gain#:~:text=A%20woman%20who%20was%20average,to%2025%20pounds%20during%20pregnancy.">expect to gain 25-35 pounds during pregnancy</a>) puts intense strain on hip and knee joints, causing pain and limiting activity. With the uterus pressing on the bladder, frequent urination and even incontinence are common, leaving pregnant women at a higher risk of urinary tract infections. Sleeping becomes difficult, and the resulting sleep deprivation can make it more challenging to cope with other symptoms. Women may notice a chronically stuffy nose, sensitive and bleeding gums, itchy skin, carpal tunnel syndrome causing numb and tingling hands, and frequent painful muscle cramps and spasms.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="bZoGs9">
Many symptoms, even those that are considered “normal” and not medically dangerous, can still be alarming to experience. Heartburn and gastric reflux are common and can mimic the symptoms of a heart attack. Another symptom is round ligament pain, which can happen as hormones instruct the body’s ligaments to loosen in order to prepare the pelvis for giving birth. Women can experience unexpected and intense stabbing pains in their lower abdomen and groin, causing them to call their doctor in a panic.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="ELkpFh">
Morgan, a <a href="https://www.plannedparenthood.org/planned-parenthood-greater-ohio/our-supporters/become-storyteller">storyteller with Planned Parenthood</a> who volunteers to share her own experiences to help other women, had some frightening experiences early in her second pregnancy with twins. (Storytellers can opt to go by their first name only or a pseudonym, which Planned Parenthood respects when connecting them to others.) “At 12 weeks, I had to go to the emergency room because I felt like I was having palpitations,” she says. “My heart rate was like 150.” She was diagnosed with an iron deficiency, a condition that affects as many as <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21430118/">30 percent of pregnant women in the US by the third trimester</a>, and that when combined with dilating blood vessels and a body struggling to keep up with a growing fetus’s needs, can put strain on a woman’s heart and lead to dizziness and fainting.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="SYUHhq">
Later in the pregnancy, Morgan also developed hemorrhoids so severe that she later needed them surgically removed. “That is not something that people talk about,” she says. “And I even forgot about it, I just blocked it out. But that was a huge deal for me and it scared the hell out of me. The first time it was happening, I called my mom and she’s like, ‘Oh, honey, that’s hemorrhoids.’”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="7kb2eO">
As Severino Wynn puts it, “People think they have all sorts of different ailments because of some of what we call the ‘normal abnormal’ of pregnancy.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="cW205q">
And this is all still only the lead-up to giving birth, which is often one of the most <a href="https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20190424-the-hidden-trauma-of-childbirth">painful and traumatic</a> <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0165032716306814">experiences</a> of a <a href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/1354850031000087537">woman’s life</a>, even when women are lucky enough to avoid the all-too-common <a href="https://www.vice.com/en/article/evqew7/obstetric-violence-doulas-abuse-giving-birth">mistreatment or outright abuse</a> from medical staff. Feeling out of control during labor is a major risk factor for later <a href="https://openaccess.city.ac.uk/id/eprint/5036/5/Chapter_final_version_(1).pdf">developing PTSD</a>, but that loss of control over one’s body starts long before the birth. “Pregnancy in and of itself is a very intrusive and invasive condition,” Severino Wynn says, “because you lose control of parts of your body that you wouldn’t expect to. Even in a normal pregnancy, the impacts on your body are incredibly significant.”
</p>
<h3 id="a3owM5">
The biology and consequences of a nine-month chronic illness
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="mvKTsR">
In a different context, the list of symptoms that pregnant people experience as a matter of course would be the result of a scary diagnosis, and hopefully gather just as much sympathy. In fact, the common symptoms of pregnancy overlap significantly with those of <a href="https://bmcnephrol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12882-021-02440-9#:~:text=interest%20were%20prioritized.-,Conclusions,functioning%20were%20the%20most%20prominent.">advanced chronic kidney disease</a>. Kidney patients also complain of pain and discomfort, severe fatigue, depression, and limited physical capabilities, along with nausea and vomiting, constipation, poor sleep quality, frequent urination and heightened risk of UTIs, itchy skin, and even altered taste and smell, a symptom <a href="https://utswmed.org/medblog/weird-pregnancy-symptoms/#:~:text=Dysgeusia%2C%20or%20a%20change%20in,you're%20not%20eating%20anything.">pregnant women</a> often <a href="https://www.vitamedmdrx.com/your-5-senses-during-pregnancy/">notice</a>.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="PMhZTr">
There are <a href="https://www.americanscientist.org/article/why-is-human-childbirth-so-painful#:~:text=Virtually%20all%20human%20mothers%20experience,hours%20for%20first%2Dtime%20mothers.">various theories</a> of <a href="https://slate.com/technology/2012/09/animals-giving-birth-dolphins-bear-newborns-easily-but-hyenas-risk-death.html">why human childbirth</a> is so much more painful, not to mention dangerous, than what many other animals go through. Historically, each birth incurred a <a href="https://slate.com/technology/2013/09/death-in-childbirth-doctors-increased-maternal-mortality-in-the-20th-century-are-midwives-better.html">1 percent risk of death for the mother</a>, or <a href="https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(11)60590-4/fulltext">higher</a>. In the US in 2020, the maternal mortality rate was still <a href="https://tcf.org/content/commentary/worsening-u-s-maternal-health-crisis-three-graphs/?agreed=1">24 per 100,000 live births</a>, triple the rate in other high-income countries like France and Canada.
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But even before birth, human mothers-to-be are at risk of health complications due to an evolutionary <a href="https://theconversation.com/pregnancy-cooperative-paradise-or-conflict-driven-battle-between-mother-and-child-58564">arms race</a> between the mother and fetus over nutrients and resources, with the fetus invading the tissues of the uterus and pouring its own hormonal signals into the mother’s bloodstream, and the maternal body compensating for this. Preeclampsia, which even when treated can cause lasting damage to the mother’s organs and affect the long-term health prospects of the baby, is a disease <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5817979/">essentially confined to humans</a>. It’s not fully understood, but one theory is that it happens when the implantation process and development of the placenta go wrong.
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Unlike kidney disease, the chronic illness that is pregnancy will mostly end after nine months, and for parents carrying wanted pregnancies, joyfully welcoming a newborn at the end of it often more than makes up for the suffering. But for those who never wanted a pregnancy and don’t want to give birth, it’s a lot to ask.
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As with any major ongoing illness, the burden of symptoms during pregnancy is joined by the time and monetary cost of frequent medical visits. Auguste, the OB-GYN, estimates that <a href="https://www.whattoexpect.com/pregnancy/pregnancy-health/prenatal-appointments/">most women will attend</a> as many as 12 prenatal visits, even in a perfectly healthy pregnancy; the time includes not just the visit itself, but scans, bloodwork, time spent in the waiting room between these procedures, and, of course, the commute. Since clinics and doctor’s offices are often only open during the workday, appointments usually require taking time off work, presenting an additional challenge for women with employment insecurity or in financially precarious circumstances.
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The women who aren’t able to afford time off work, transportation, or the financial cost of prenatal appointments are often already at higher risk of health problems during pregnancy, and lack of prenatal care only adds to the burden. A <a href="https://www.marchofdimes.org/research/maternity-care-deserts-report.aspx">2020 report by March of Dimes</a> found that 7 million US women of childbearing age live in maternity care “deserts” without ready access to the specialists they need; in some rural counties, hospitals without obstetricians on staff may even <a href="https://www.courier-journal.com/story/news/2017/03/03/despite-law-hospitals-turn-away-women-labor/98521898/">turn away women in labor</a>.
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From Severino Wynn’s perspective, the medical system is failing these people. “Historically, hospitals and providers used this term of ‘noncompliance’ to describe people who don’t come in for prenatal care,” she says. “There’s been a movement afoot to just throw that term out the window because at the end of the day, we are not set up for people to be able to take care of themselves.” <a href="https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2017/03/11/519416036/im-pregnant-what-would-happen-if-i-couldnt-afford-health-care">Missing prenatal care</a> appointments can <a href="https://labblog.uofmhealth.org/lab-notes/underinsured-women-may-be-missing-important-pregnancy-care">result</a> in <a href="https://www.guttmacher.org/journals/psrh/2002/09/neonatal-death-risk-effect-prenatal-care-most-evident-after-term-birth">higher risk</a> to the mother and baby.
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Morgan, whose second pregnancy was with twins and was classified as higher risk, estimates that she spent 10 hours a week at, or in transit to and from, medical appointments. She describes how, given her issues with heart palpitations and fainting, her doctor wrote a note stating that it was medically unsafe for her to be required to stand, and asking for her workplace to provide accommodations. Despite the fact that pregnant people are <a href="https://www.eeoc.gov/laws/guidance/enforcement-guidance-pregnancy-discrimination-and-related-issues#overview">legally recognized as a protected class</a> and entitled to reasonable accommodations under the ADA, her retail workplace refused. Illegal pregnancy discrimination <a href="https://www.umass.edu/employmentequity/pregnancy-discrimination-workplace-1">affects thousands</a> <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2018/06/15/business/pregnancy-discrimination.html">of workers</a> <a href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/bryanrobinson/2020/07/11/pregnancy-discrimination-in-the-workplace-affects-mother-and-baby-health/?sh=2f88348ecac6">every year</a>.
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As with so <a href="https://www.healthywomen.org/condition/pain-gap-womens-pain-undertreated">many other</a> <a href="https://www.northwell.edu/katz-institute-for-womens-health/articles/gaslighting-in-womens-health">health issues</a> that primarily affect women, pregnancy can be neglected by the medical community — for example, when pregnant people are <a href="https://trialsjournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13063-017-2402-9">excluded from clinical trials</a>, as they often are, <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4939378/#:~:text=Drug%20safety%20during%20pregnancy,largely%20neglected%20area%20of%20research.&amp;text=This%20knowledge%20gap%20has%20been,women%20from%20research%20on%20pharmaceuticals.">drug safety</a> for the fetus is left unclear, which can cause women to <a href="https://blog.petrieflom.law.harvard.edu/2021/04/16/pregnant-clinical-trials-safety-autonomy/">avoid necessary treatments</a> out of fear. Pregnant people can also run into problems when doctors fail to take their concerns seriously, both during and after a pregnancy.
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="DPgNvH">
Morgan, after her twins were born, continued to have health issues, but it wasn’t until five years later that she was diagnosed with an autoimmune condition. She feels that doctors were often condescending toward her. “I appreciate they’d gone to medical school and they’ve gotten the requisite training to be able to diagnose and treat me properly,” she says. “But at the same time, I’ve lived in my own body for 38 years. I know when something doesn’t feel right, I know when things are outside the norm, and I should be given more of a say.”
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There are other policy changes that could help those in this situation: greater access to prenatal care, <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2022/07/01/us/politics/texas-abortion-roe-wade.html">programs to support pregnant people</a> in precarious life circumstances, and stronger enforcement of their existing legal rights and protections in the workplace. But ultimately, nothing will alter the fact that pregnancy is a serious medical ordeal with lasting effects, even when all goes according to plan, which is far from guaranteed. Women, who have the most context on their own lives, and judge that carrying a pregnancy to term would be damaging to their lives and future plans are often <a href="https://www.vox.com/videos/2022/7/8/23199289/abortion-bans-inequality-financial-distress">going to be right</a>. The <em>Dobbs</em> verdict, in taking away the option of abortion, will inevitably end up condemning thousands to suffering through these consequences largely against their will.
</p></li>
<li><strong>How to help your teen think critically in a confusing world</strong> -
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<img alt="A blurry photo of a teenager sitting at a screen playing a video game." src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/Y3KIac3UQV0b6XIN9kpsc-QXarU=/0x0:5120x3840/1310x983/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_image/image/71098181/459105860.0.jpg"/>
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Getty Images
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
A new newsletter to help spark conversation with the teens and tweens in your life.
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="nHOrWO">
Adolescents are navigating a lot. There’s all the normal tween stuff like puberty and figuring out who you are on so many levels — the stuff we all went through. There’s more, though: Our middle and high schoolers spent much of the last few years participating in school remotely, isolated behind their computer screens. Although returning to classrooms has been a huge leap forward, they are reckoning with learning loss, missed years of normal socialization, and now mixed messaging on how to handle the new Covid reality. Add in the relentless and scary news of <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/graphics/2018/local/school-shootings-database/">school shootings</a>, <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2022/02/25/well/family/kids-teens-ukraine-russia.html">war in Ukraine</a>, families dealing with <a href="https://www.npr.org/2022/05/19/1099997218/inflation-is-the-no-1-challenge-facing-families-right-now-rouse-says">inflation</a>, and, well, it’s tough. This generation is coming of age in a polarized, confusing, and downright scary world.
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This moment in time is shaping our youth in ways seen and unseen. A <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/spotlight/inner-pandemic">recent series</a> from the New York Times chronicled why all of the above has led this generation to be one of the most isolated in decades. The result is adolescents dealing with unprecedented mental health challenges — leading to alarming rates of <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2022/04/23/health/mental-health-crisis-teens.html">depression</a>, <a href="https://www.ajc.com/news/health-med-fit-science/nearly-teen-girls-the-self-harm-massive-high-school-survey-finds/EQnLJy3REFX53HjbHGnukJ/">self-harm</a>, and <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2022/05/08/health/emergency-rooms-teen-mental-health.html">suicide</a>.
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="VAenyf">
I’m Liz. I run the audio team here at Vox (shout out to our <a href="https://www.vox.com/pages/podcasts">amazing podcasts</a>) and I’m the mother of a just-turned-12-year-old son who, like most of his peers, is navigating these things, too. My son, like most of his friends, is at risk — of dire outcomes like depression, self-harm, and suicide, but also of outcomes that are more insidious: apathy, numbness, unkindness, and disconnection. It can be so hard to get a tween to open up when this is the very age they quite naturally start pulling away from parents and authority figures. And as a parent, it’s hard to know where typical pre-teen attitude ends and real concern over mental health should kick in.
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I’ve spent the last few years synthesizing knowledge from multiple sources to try to help him. And, more importantly, to connect with him — which can be hard at the best of times, but almost impossible when your kid is feeling the mental health effects of a world outside their control.
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Now, I’m going to take that synthesis and share it with you in a <a href="https://www.vox.com/pages/sign-up-for-the-extra-curricula-newsletter">new weekly newsletter: Extra Curricula</a>. Each Thursday, I’ll share a small curation of content — videos, podcasts, articles, documentaries, TV shows, books — to help you think about how to approach parenting and educating, and content you can share directly with your adolescent human(s). Sometimes there will be a theme or an interview. Other times, the content will be driven by the joy of knowledge. And now and then, we might ask you to share what inspired your kid or students lately or what’s been working for you to break through adolescent defenses and truly connect.
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What I’ve done with my kid is working, for now. Here’s how I began seeing a difference:
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We started digging into the wealth of videos available on <a href="https://www.youtube.com/c/Vox">Vox’s YouTube channel</a>. Every night we watch one or two short videos about a range of topics: an <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OTk4Q4Nm5CA">explainer about cluster bombs</a> in the Ukraine War (his choice), the <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0V2qtmV2JGE">history of the iconic Cesca chair</a> (my choice). And something is happening. We actually talk about the world and how he’s starting to synthesize his outlook on life.
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="2Lu5NP">
The breakthrough here isn’t just that we had a much more informed way to talk about the war or design, or that he was getting a taste of critical thinking and finding joy in knowledge, but that we had something to talk about that my son was into discussing. I discovered that he’s figuring things out, but I’m also super glad that we’re talking so he can test-drive his forming worldview on me. He has a lot of thoughts and ideas that he just wasn’t going to offer when asked point-blank how he feels about a thing, along with a lot of questions this new connection has allowed us to explore together. What he was willing to do was consider well-produced, factual information and react to it in conversation.
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="lx5VQM">
Anyhow, I hope you’ll subscribe and join us on this summer journey of discovery and connection.
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="iipCWK">
One disclaimer: I am not a psychologist or an educator. I’m a parent who is relying on decades of journalism training to make sense of how to successfully raise a human being. We’ll try this for the summer and see how it goes. If you have feedback or questions, you can reach me at <a href="mailto:liz@vox.com">liz@vox.com</a>.
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</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-the-hindu-sports">From The Hindu: Sports</h1>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>RWITC releases a ‘dream’ prospectus</strong> -</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>BAI to conduct CWG camp in Hyderabad</strong> - Entire contingent to train together from July 18 to 25</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Saurav, Joshna bullish on India’s chances</strong> - Dipika Pallikal to feature only in doubles</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>TAI makes online representation to GoM</strong> -</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Amreli, Salento, Capriati, The Sovereign Orb, Sadler’s Legacy and Clever Hans impress</strong> -</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-the-hindu-national-news">From The Hindu: National News</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Look out notice issued against Chinese national involved in loan app scam</strong> - Lakhs of lower middle class in need of small loans may have faced extortion, says top Odisha police official</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A.P. govt prays High Court for dismissal of contempt petitions on Amaravati</strong> - ‘Infrastructure works are going on continuously and milestones are being monitored regularly’</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Data, analytics firm Experian expands footprint</strong> -</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>SCR on high alert, identifies more than 3,000 vulnerable sections</strong> -</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>KSUM to hold workshop on digital fab machines from July 18</strong> -</p></li>
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<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-bbc-europe">From BBC: Europe</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Ukraine claims arms depot attack in occupied Kherson with Himars rockets</strong> - Kyiv hails another strike by the Himars system, but it is not confirmed by Russian-backed officials.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Champions League: Witnesses raise new questions about chaos of Paris final</strong> - A BBC probe into the issues at the Stade de France hears evidence that contradicts French authorities.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>French Fécamp ‘precious blood’ relics recovered after abbey theft</strong> - Catholics were shocked when an artefact said to contain drops of Jesus’s blood was stolen in France.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Ukraine war: Germany fears Russia gas cut may become permanent</strong> - The crucial Nord Stream 1 pipeline is shutting down for 10 days of annual maintenance work.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Ukraine war: Russian military equipment on show in Prague</strong> - The exhibition features a damaged Russian tank, a howitzer and defused rockets and shells.</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-ars-technica">From Ars Technica</h1>
<ul>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Brain size vs. body size and the roots of intelligence</strong> - In birds, brains that expand after birth appear to be linked to creative behavior. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1865772">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Russian “hacktivists” are causing trouble far beyond Ukraine</strong> - Pro-Russian group Killnet targeting countries supporting Ukraine, declaring “war.” - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1865694">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>The 7 best Prime Day deals on smartwatches and fitness trackers</strong> - Including a new low on the Apple Watch Series 7 and several sporty Garmin watches. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1865030">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Prime Day’s best headphone deals include pairs we like from Sony, Beats, and Bose</strong> - Our top picks for ANC headphones and true wireless earbuds are as cheap as we’ve seen. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1865389">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>All the best Amazon Prime Day 2022 deals we can find</strong> - We’ve sorted through Amazon’s annual garage sale to find the stuff that’s worth your time. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1863699">link</a></p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-jokes-subreddit">From Jokes Subreddit</h1>
<ul>
<li><strong>A photon is going through airport security. The TSA agent asks if he has any luggage.</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF -->
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The photon says, “No, I’m traveling light.”
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/anikets242"> /u/anikets242 </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/vx375o/a_photon_is_going_through_airport_security_the/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/vx375o/a_photon_is_going_through_airport_security_the/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
<li><strong>Finally a smart blonde joke</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF -->
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A blonde walks into a bank in New York City and asks for the Loan officer. She says she’s going to Europe on business for two weeks and Needs to borrow $5,000.
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The bank officer says the bank will need some kind of security for the loan, so the blonde hands over the keys to a new Mercedes Benz SL 500.
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The car is parked on the street in front of the bank, she has the title and everything checks out. The bank agrees to accept the car collateral for the loan.
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The bank’s president and its officers all enjoy a good laugh at the blond for using a $110,000 Benz as collateral against a $5,000 loan.
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An employee of the bank then proceeds to drive the Benz into the bank’s underground garage and parks it there. Two weeks later, the blonde returns, repays the $5,000 and the interest, which comes to $15.41.
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The loan officer says, "Miss, we are very happy to have had your business, and this transaction has worked out very nicely, but we are a little puzzled. While you were away, we checked you out and found that you are a multimillionaire.
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What puzzles us is, why would you bother to borrow $5,000?"
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The blonde replies, “Where else in New York City can I park my Car for two weeks for only $15.41 and expect it to be there when I return?”
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/Miguenzo"> /u/Miguenzo </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/vwqqsy/finally_a_smart_blonde_joke/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/vwqqsy/finally_a_smart_blonde_joke/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
<li><strong>A dyslexic boy is on his way home from training with his mam….“Can we stop at McDonald’s mam? I’m starving” the boy asks. “If you can spell McDonald’s we will stop on the way home ofcourse son” The boy pauses, composes himself and begins “M” “C” He begins to struggle….</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF -->
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“Ah fuck it mam let’s have a KCF”
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/_DogTits_"> /u/<em>DogTits</em> </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/vwn699/a_dyslexic_boy_is_on_his_way_home_from_training/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/vwn699/a_dyslexic_boy_is_on_his_way_home_from_training/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
<li><strong>An old farmer ordered a high-tech milking machine.</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF -->
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It so happened that the equipment arrived when his wife was away. He decided to test it on himself first. He inserted his penis into the equipment, turned the switch on and voila, everything else was automatic! He really had a good time as the equipment provided him with much pleasure. When the fun was over, he found that he could not take the machine off. He read the manual, but could not find any useful information. He tried every button on the instrument, but some made the machine squeeze, shake, or suck harder or less, but still latched on to his penis. Panicking, the farmer called the supplier’s Customer Service Hot Line.
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The farmer: “Hello, I just bought a milking machine from your company. It worked fantastic, but how can I take it off from the cow’s udder?” Customer Service: “Don’t you worry, sir. The machine was programmed such that it will release automatically after collecting a gallon of milk.”
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/proychow1"> /u/proychow1 </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/vwv2lc/an_old_farmer_ordered_a_hightech_milking_machine/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/vwv2lc/an_old_farmer_ordered_a_hightech_milking_machine/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
<li><strong>A man is flying in a hot-air balloon and realizes he is lost. He reduces height and spots a man below. He lowers the balloon farther and shouts, “Excuse me! Can you tell me where I am?”</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF -->
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The man below says: “Yes, you’re in a hot-air balloon, hovering 30 feet above this field.”
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“You must be an engineer,” says the balloonist “I am,” replies the man. “How did you know?”
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“Well,” says the balloonist, “everything you have told me is technically correct, but it’s no use to anyone.”
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The man below says, “You must be in management.”
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“I am,” replies the balloonist, “but how did you know?”
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“Well,” says the man, “you don’t know where you are or where you’re going, but you expect me to be able to help. You’re in the same position you were before we met, but now it’s my fault”
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/doomboyo44"> /u/doomboyo44 </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/vx5le7/a_man_is_flying_in_a_hotair_balloon_and_realizes/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/vx5le7/a_man_is_flying_in_a_hotair_balloon_and_realizes/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
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