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<title>25 June, 2023</title>
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<title>Covid-19 Sentry</title><meta content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" name="viewport"/><link href="styles/simple.css" rel="stylesheet"/><link href="../styles/simple.css" rel="stylesheet"/><link href="https://unpkg.com/aos@2.3.1/dist/aos.css" rel="stylesheet"/><script src="https://unpkg.com/aos@2.3.1/dist/aos.js"></script></head>
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<h1 data-aos="fade-down" id="covid-19-sentry">Covid-19 Sentry</h1>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" data-aos-anchor-placement="top-bottom" id="contents">Contents</h1>
<ul>
<li><a href="#from-preprints">From Preprints</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-clinical-trials">From Clinical Trials</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-pubmed">From PubMed</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-patent-search">From Patent Search</a></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-preprints">From Preprints</h1>
<ul>
<li><strong>MOCHA: Advanced statistical modeling of scATAC-seq data enables functional genomic inference in large human disease cohorts</strong> -
<div>
Single-cell assay for transposase-accessible chromatin using sequencing (scATAC-seq) has been increasingly used to study gene regulation. However, major analytical gaps limit its utility in studying gene regulatory programs in complex diseases. We developed MOCHA (Model-based single cell Open CHromatin Analysis) with major advances over existing analysis tools, including: 1) improved identification of sample-specific open chromatin, 2) proper handling of technical drop-out with zero-inflated methods, 3) mitigation of false positives in single cell analysis, 4) identification of alternative transcription-starting-site regulation, and 5) transcription factor-gene network construction from longitudinal scATAC-seq data. These advances provide a robust framework to study gene regulatory programs in human disease. We benchmarked MOCHA with four state-of-the-art tools to demonstrate its advances. We also constructed cross-sectional and longitudinal gene regulatory networks, identifying potential mechanisms of COVID-19 response. MOCHA provides researchers with a robust analytical tool for functional genomic inference from scATAC-seq data.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.23.544827v1" target="_blank">MOCHA: Advanced statistical modeling of scATAC-seq data enables functional genomic inference in large human disease cohorts</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>PARP14 is a writer, reader and eraser of mono-ADP-ribosylation</strong> -
<div>
PARP14/BAL2 is a large multidomain enzyme involved in signaling pathways with relevance to cancer, inflammation, and infection. Inhibition of its mono-ADP-ribosylating PARP homology domain and its three ADP-ribosyl binding macro domains has been regarded as a potential means of therapeutic intervention. Macrodomains-2 and -3 are known to stably bind to ADP-ribosylated target proteins; but the function of macrodomain-1 has remained somewhat elusive. Here, we used biochemical assays of ADP-ribosylation levels to characterize PARP14 macrodomain-1 and the homologous macrodomain-1 of PARP9. Our results show that both macrodomains display an ADP-ribosyl glycohydrolase activity that is not directed toward specific protein side chains. PARP14 macrodomain-1 is unable to degrade poly(ADP-ribose), the enzymatic product of PARP1. The F926A mutation of PARP14 and the F244A mutation of PARP9 strongly reduced ADP-ribosyl glycohydrolase activity of the respective macrodomains, suggesting mechanistic homology to the Mac1 domain of the SARS-CoV-2 Nsp3 protein. This study adds two new enzymes to the previously known six human ADP-ribosyl glycohydrolases. Our results have key implications for how PARP14 and PARP9 will be studied and how their functions will be understood.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.24.546374v1" target="_blank">PARP14 is a writer, reader and eraser of mono-ADP-ribosylation</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Infection-induced vascular inflammation in COVID-19 links focal microglial dysfunction with neuropathologies through IL-1/IL-6-related systemic inflammatory states</strong> -
<div>
COVID-19 is associated with diverse neurological abnormalities, which predict poor outcome in patients. However, the mechanisms whereby infection-induced inflammation could affect complex neuropathologies in COVID-19 are unclear. We hypothesized that microglia, the resident immune cells of brain, are centrally involved in this process. To study this, we developed an autopsy platform allowing the integration of molecular anatomy-, protein- and mRNA data sets in post-mortem mirror blocks of brain and peripheral organ samples from COVID-19 cases. Nanoscale microscopy, single-cell RNA sequencing and analysis of inflammatory and metabolic signatures revealed distinct mechanisms of microglial dysfunction associated with cerebral SARS-CoV-2 infection. We observed focal loss of microglial P2Y12R at sites of virus-associated vascular inflammation together with dysregulated microglia-vascular-astrocyte interactions, Cx3Cr1-fractalkine axis deficits and mitochondrial failure in severely affected medullary autonomic nuclei and other brain areas. Microglial dysfunction occurs at sites of excessive synapse- and myelin phagocytosis and loss of glutamatergic terminals. While central and systemic viral load is strongly linked in individual patients, the regionally heterogenous microglial reactivity in the brain correlated with the extent of central and systemic inflammation related to IL-1 / IL-6 via virus-sensing pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) and inflammasome activation pathways. Thus, SARS-CoV-2-induced central and systemic inflammation might lead to a primarily glio-vascular failure in the brain, which could be a common contributor to diverse COVID-19-related neuropathologies.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.23.546214v1" target="_blank">Infection-induced vascular inflammation in COVID-19 links focal microglial dysfunction with neuropathologies through IL-1/IL-6-related systemic inflammatory states</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Germline-encoded specificities and the predictability of the B cell response</strong> -
<div>
Antibodies result from the competition of B cell lineages evolving under selection for improved antigen recognition, a process known as affinity maturation. High-affinity antibodies to pathogens such as HIV, influenza, and SARS-CoV-2 are frequently reported to arise from B cells whose receptors, the precursors to antibodies, are encoded by particular immunoglobulin alleles. This raises the possibility that the presence of particular germline alleles in the B cell repertoire is a major determinant of the quality of the antibody response. Alternatively, initial differences in germline alleles’ propensities to form high-affinity receptors might be overcome by chance events during affinity maturation. We first investigate these scenarios in simulations: when germline-encoded fitness differences are large relative to the rate and effect size variation of somatic mutations, the same germline alleles persistently dominate the response of different individuals. In contrast, if germline-encoded advantages can be easily overcome by subsequent mutations, allele usage becomes increasingly divergent over time, a pattern we then observe in mice experimentally infected with influenza virus. We investigated whether affinity maturation might nonetheless strongly select for particular amino acid motifs across diverse genetic backgrounds, but we found no evidence of convergence to similar CDR3 sequences or amino acid substitutions. These results suggest that although germline-encoded specificities can lead to similar immune responses between individuals, diverse evolutionary routes to high affinity limit the genetic predictability of responses to infection and vaccination.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.16.508315v3" target="_blank">Germline-encoded specificities and the predictability of the B cell response</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Optimal Non-Pharmaceutical Interventions Considering Limited Healthcare System Capacity and Economic Costs in the Republic of Korea</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Due to the relatively low severity and fatality rates of the omicron variant of COVID-19, strict non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) with high economic costs may not be necessary. We develop a mathematical model of the COVID-19 outbreak in Korea that considers NPIs, variants, medical capacity, and economic costs. Using optimal control theory, we propose an optimal strategy for the omicron period. To suggest a realistic strategy, we consider limited hospital beds for severe cases and incorporate it as a penalty term in the objective functional using a logistic function. This transforms the constrained problem into an unconstrained one. Given that the solution to the optimal control problem is continuous, we propose the adoption of a sub-optimal control as a more practically implementable alternative. Our study demonstrates how to strategically balance the trade-off between minimizing the economic cost for NPIs and ensuring that the number of severe cases in hospitals is manageable.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.24.23290452v2" target="_blank">Optimal Non-Pharmaceutical Interventions Considering Limited Healthcare System Capacity and Economic Costs in the Republic of Korea</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Psycho-social factors associated with mental resilience in the Corona lockdown</strong> -
<div>
The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic is not only a threat to physical health but is also having severe impacts on mental health. While increases in stress-related symptomatology and other adverse psycho-social outcomes as well as their most important risk factors have been described, hardly anything is known about potential protective factors. Resilience refers to the maintenance of mental health despite adversity. In order to gain mechanistic insights about the relationship between described psycho-social resilience factors and resilience specifically in the current crisis, we assessed resilience factors, exposure to Corona crisis-specific and general stressors, as well as internalizing symptoms in a cross-sectional online survey conducted in 24 languages during the most intense phase of the lockdown in Europe (March 22nd to April 19th) in a convenience sample of N=15,970 adults. Resilience, as an outcome, was conceptualized as good mental health despite stressor exposure and measured as the inverse residual between actual and predicted symptom total score. Preregistered hypotheses (osf.io/r6btn) were tested with multiple regression models and mediation analyses. Results confirmed our primary hypothesis that positive appraisal style (PAS) is positively associated with resilience (p&lt;0.0001). The resilience factor PAS also partly mediated the positive association between perceived social support and resilience, and its association with resilience was in turn partly mediated by the ability to easily recover from stress (both p&lt;0.0001). In comparison with other resilience factors, good stress response recovery and positive appraisal specifically of the consequences of the Corona crisis were the strongest factors. Preregistered exploratory subgroup analyses (osf.io/thka9) showed that all tested resilience factors generalize across major socio-demographic categories. This research identifies modifiable protective factors that can be targeted by public mental health efforts in this and in future pandemics.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://psyarxiv.com/4z62t/" target="_blank">Psycho-social factors associated with mental resilience in the Corona lockdown</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>PCR data accurately predict infectious virus: a characterization of SARS-CoV-2 in non-human primates</strong> -
<div>
Researchers and clinicians often rely on molecular assays like PCR to identify and monitor viral infections instead of the resource-prohibitive gold standard of viral culture. However, it remains unclear when (if ever) PCR measurements of viral load are reliable indicators of replicating or infectious virus. Here, we compare total RNA, subgenomic RNA, and viral culture results from 24 studies of SARS-CoV-2 in non-human primates using bespoke statistical models. On out-of-sample data, our best models predict subgenomic RNA from total RNA with 91% accuracy, and they predict culture positivity with 85% accuracy. Total RNA and subgenomic RNA showed equivalent performance as predictors of culture positivity. Multiple cofactors, including exposure conditions and host traits, influence culture predictions for total RNA quantities spanning twelve orders of magnitude. Our model framework can be adapted to compare any assays, in any host species, and for any virus, to support laboratory analyses, medical decisions, and public health guidelines.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.23.546114v1" target="_blank">PCR data accurately predict infectious virus: a characterization of SARS-CoV-2 in non-human primates</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>A benchmark study of data normalisation methods for PTR-TOF-MS exhaled breath metabolomics</strong> -
<div>
Background: Volatilomics is the branch of metabolomics dedicated to the analysis of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in exhaled breath for medical diagnostic or therapeutic monitoring purposes. Real-time mass spectrometry technologies such as proton transfer reaction mass spectrometry (PTR-MS) are commonly used, and data normalisation is an important step to discard unwanted variation from non-biological sources, as batch effects and loss of sensitivity over time may be observed. As normalisation methods for real-time breath analysis have been poorly investigated, we aimed to benchmark known metabolomic data normalisation methods and apply them to PTR-MS data analysis. Methods: We compared seven normalisation methods, five statistically based and two using multiple standard metabolites, on two datasets from clinical trials for COVID-19 diagnosis in patients from the emergency department or intensive care unit. We evaluated different means of feature selection to select the standard metabolites, as well as the use of multiple repeat measurements of ambient air to train the normalisation methods. Results: We show that the normalisation tools can correct for time-dependent drift. The methods that provided the best corrections for both cohorts were Probabilistic Quotient Normalisation and Normalisation using Optimal Selection of Multiple Internal Standards. Normalisation also improved the diagnostic performance of the machine learning models, significantly increasing sensitivity, specificity and area under the ROC curve for the diagnosis of COVID-19. Conclusions: Our results highlight the importance of adding an appropriate normalisation step during the processing of PTR-MS data, which allows significant improvements in the predictive performance of statistical models.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.22.546053v1" target="_blank">A benchmark study of data normalisation methods for PTR-TOF-MS exhaled breath metabolomics</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Effective vaccination strategies to control COVID-19 outbreak: A modeling study</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
OBJECTIVES Three years following the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared COVID-19 a global health emergency of international concern. As immunity levels in the population acquired through past infections and vaccinations have been decreasing, booster vaccinations have become necessary to control new outbreaks. This study aimed to determine the most suitable vaccination strategy to control the COVID-19 surge. METHODS A mathematical model was developed to simultaneously consider the immunity levels induced by vaccines and infections, and employed to analyze the possibility of future resurgence and control using vaccines and antivirals. RESULTS As of May 11, 2023, a peak in resurgence is predicted to occur around mid-October of the same year if the current epidemic trend continues without additional vaccinations. In the best scenario, the peak number of severely hospitalized patients can be reduced by 43% (480) compared to the scenario without vaccine intervention (849). Depending on the outbreak trends and vaccination strategies, the best timing for vaccination in terms of minimizing the said peak varies from May to August 2023. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that if the epidemic continues, the best timing for vaccinations must be earlier than specified by the current plan in Korea. Further monitoring of outbreak trends is crucial for determining the optimal timing of vaccinations to manage future surges.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.18.23291573v2" target="_blank">Effective vaccination strategies to control COVID-19 outbreak: A modeling study</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Discovering Social Determinants of Health from Case Reports using Natural Language Processing: Algorithmic Development and Validation</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Background: Social determinants of health are non-medical factors that influence health outcomes (SDOH). There is a wealth of SDOH information available via electronic health records, clinical reports, and social media, usually in free text format, which poses a significant challenge and necessitates the use of natural language processing (NLP) techniques to extract key information. Objective: The objective of this research is to advance the automatic extraction of SDOH from clinical texts. Setting and Data: The case reports of COVID-19 patients from the published literature are curated to create a corpus. A portion of the data is annotated by experts to create gold labels, and active learning is used for corpus re-annotation. Methods: A named entity recognition (NER) framework is developed and tested to extract SDOH along with a few prominent clinical entities (diseases, treatments, diagnosis) from the free texts. Results: The proposed NER implementation achieves an accuracy (F1-score) of 92.98% on our test set and generalizes well on benchmark data. A careful analysis of case examples demonstrates the superiority of the proposed approach in correctly classifying the named entities. Conclusions: NLP can be used to extract key information, such as SDOH from free texts. A more accurate understanding of SDOH is needed to further improve healthcare outcomes.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.30.22282946v5" target="_blank">Discovering Social Determinants of Health from Case Reports using Natural Language Processing: Algorithmic Development and Validation</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Enhanced real-time mass spectrometry breath analysis for the diagnosis of COVID-19</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Background: Although rapid screening for and diagnosis of COVID-19 are still urgently needed, most current testing methods are either long, costly, and/or poorly specific. The objective of the present study was to determine whether or not artificial-intelligence-enhanced real-time MS breath analysis is a reliable, safe, rapid means of screening ambulatory patients for COVID-19. Methods: In two prospective, open, interventional studies in a single university hospital, we used real-time, proton transfer reaction time-of-flight mass spectrometry to perform a metabolomic analysis of exhaled breath from adults requiring screening for COVID-19. Artificial intelligence and machine learning techniques were used to build mathematical models based on breath analysis data either alone or combined with patient metadata. Results: We obtained breath samples from 173 participants, of whom 67 had proven COVID-19. After using machine learning algorithms to process breath analysis data and further enhancing the model using patient metadata, our method was able to differentiate between COVID-19-positive and -negative participants with a sensitivity of 98%, a specificity of 74%, a negative predictive value of 98%, a positive predictive value of 72%, and an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.961. The predictive performance was similar for asymptomatic, weakly symptomatic and symptomatic participants and was not biased by the COVID-19 vaccination status. Conclusions: Real-time, non-invasive, artificial-intelligence-enhanced mass spectrometry breath analysis might be a reliable, safe, rapid, cost-effective, high-throughput method for COVID-19 screening.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.21.23291712v1" target="_blank">Enhanced real-time mass spectrometry breath analysis for the diagnosis of COVID-19</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Association between post-infection COVID-19 vaccination and symptom severity of post COVID-19 condition among patients on Bonaire, Caribbean Netherlands: a retrospective cohort study</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Objectives: In this retrospective cohort study, we aimed to investigate symptom severity change following COVID-19 vaccination among post COVID-19 condition (PCC) patients on Bonaire. Methods: Symptomatic cases who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 between the start of the pandemic and 1 October 2021, were unrecovered on the interview day, and unvaccinated prior to infection were identified from the national case registry. Patients were interviewed by telephone between 15 November and 4 December 2021 about sociodemographic factors, pre-pandemic health, COVID-19 symptoms and vaccination status. We compared symptom severity change between the acute and post-acute disease phase (&gt;4 weeks after disease onset) of 14 symptoms on a five-point Likert scale for 36 PCC patients having received at least one dose of the BNT162 (BioNTech/Pfizer) vaccine and 11 patients who remained unvaccinated, using separate multiple linear regression models. Results: Most common post-acute symptoms included fatigue (81%), reduced physical endurance (79%), and reduced muscle strength (64%). Post-infection vaccination was significantly associated with reduced severity of heart palpitations, after adjusting for acute phase severity and duration of illness (β 0.60, 95% CI 0.18, 1.02). We did not find a statistically significant association with symptom severity change for other, more prevalent symptoms. Conclusions: Larger prospective studies are needed to confirm our observation in a small study population that post-infection COVID-19 vaccination was associated with reduced severity of heart palpitations among those with this symptom self-attributed to SARS-CoV-2 infection.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.20.23291649v1" target="_blank">Association between post-infection COVID-19 vaccination and symptom severity of post COVID-19 condition among patients on Bonaire, Caribbean Netherlands: a retrospective cohort study</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Evaluating the buffering role of perceived social support and coping resources against the adult mental health impacts of COVID-19 psychosocial stress: a cross-sectional study in South Africa</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Objectives: Growing evidence has highlighted the global mental health impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown, particularly in societies with pre-existing socioeconomic adversities and public health concerns. Despite the sudden and prolonged nature of many psychosocial stressors during the pandemic, recent studies have shown that communities utilized several coping mechanisms to buffer the mental health consequences of COVID-related stress. This paper examines the extent to which coping resources and social support buffered against the mental health effects of COVID-19 psychosocial stress among adults in South Africa. Materials &amp; Methods: Adult participants (n=117) completed an online survey during the second and third waves of the COVID-19 pandemic in South Africa (January-July 2021), which assessed experiences of stress, coping resources, social support, and four mental health outcomes: depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder, and bipolar disorder. Moderation analyses examined the potential buffering role of coping resources and social support against the mental health effects of COVID-19 stress. Results: Adults reported elevated rates of psychiatric symptoms. Coping resources buffered against the poor mental health effects of COVID-19 psychosocial stress, whereas perceived social support did not significantly moderate the association between COVID-19 stress and adult mental health. Discussion: These results suggest that adults in our sample utilized a variety of coping resources to protect their mental health against psychosocial stress experienced during the COVID-19 lockdown and pandemic in South Africa. Additionally, existing mental health conditions and strained social relationships may have attenuated the potential stress-buffering effect of perceived social support on adult mental health.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.20.23291688v1" target="_blank">Evaluating the buffering role of perceived social support and coping resources against the adult mental health impacts of COVID-19 psychosocial stress: a cross-sectional study in South Africa</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Covid-19 Excess Mortality in China: A Regional Comparison</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Estimates of Covid-19 excess mortality are often considered to reflect the true death toll of the pandemic. As such, information on excess mortality is urgently needed to better understand the impact of the pandemic and prepare for future crises. This study estimated Covid-19 excess mortality at the provincial, regional, and national levels in China and investigated its associated regional disparities. The analyses were based on population and death rates data published by the national and provincial bureaus of statistics in China. The results suggest that excess deaths in China were over 1 million during each year of the pandemic, totaling to over 4 million by the end of 2022, at an excess death rate of 15.4%. This rate was likely comparable to that of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), but higher than the US rate. Striking disparities were discovered among the 31 provinces with excess death rates ranging from negative rates in two eastern provinces to over 30% in three inland provinces. Rates in western China were over twice as high as those in eastern China. Variations with each individual regions were the largest in the central region and the smallest in the Northeast, which was the hardest hit with excess death rate of over 23%. The regional disparities in excess mortality rates seem to reflect pre-existing regional inequalities in socio-economic development in China. Such findings suggest that China has far to go to mitigate regional inequalities, achieve sustainability, and prepare for the next major crises.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.15.23291443v2" target="_blank">Covid-19 Excess Mortality in China: A Regional Comparison</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>The Lived Experiences of Post-Pandemic Working Students on Face-to-Face Learning Modality</strong> -
<div>
The COVID-19 pandemic has caused widespread disruptions in educational institutions, presenting a challenging routine for working students who juggle employment and academic pursuits. This study aims to uncover the lived experiences of post-pandemic working students in the context of face-to-face learning. A descriptive phenomenological approach was employed to explore and capture their experiences. Purposive sampling was utilized to collect data from seven working students who met the inclusion criteria. The data analysis followed Braun and Clarke’s (2006) method, involving the extraction of codes, categories, and themes from the responses obtained through semi-structured interviews. As a result of the analysis, six major themes emerged: (1) financial struggles, (2) personal objectives, (3) time and schedule adjustments, (4) struggles with utilizing physical and social skills, (5) paying off debt, and (6) futurism. The findings indicate that working students require time to adapt and overcome the challenges and difficulties presented in the post-pandemic period. Therefore, it is crucial to provide them with support and measures to ensure that their studies and employment are not compromised.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://edarxiv.org/p23s5/" target="_blank">The Lived Experiences of Post-Pandemic Working Students on Face-to-Face Learning Modality</a>
</div></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-clinical-trials">From Clinical Trials</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Probiotic and Colchicine in COVID-19</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Drug: Colchicine 0.5 MG;   Dietary Supplement: Probiotic Formula;   Other: Standard protocol<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Ain Shams University<br/><b>Completed</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Influence of Manual Diaphragm Release on Pulmonary Functions in Women With COVID-19</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19 Pneumonia<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Other: manual therapy;   Other: breathing exercise and prone position alone<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Cairo University<br/><b>Completed</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Study Evaluating SHEN26 Capsule in Patients With Mild to Moderate COVID-19</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Drug: SHEN26 capsule;   Drug: SHEN26 placebo<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Shenzhen Kexing Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A Clinical Trial of Recombinant COVID-19 Bivalent (XBB+Prototype) Protein Vaccine (Sf9 Cell) in Booster Vaccination</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Biological: Recombinant COVID-19 Bivalent (XBB+Prototype) Protein Vaccine (Sf9 Cell) (WSK-V101C);   Biological: Recombinant COVID-19 vaccine(Sf9 Cell) (WSK-V101)<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   WestVac Biopharma Co., Ltd.<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A Phase Ⅲ Clinical Trial of Recombinant COVID-19 Trivalent (XBB+BA.5+Delta) Protein Vaccine (Sf9 Cell) in Booster Vaccination</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Biological: High dose of Recombinant COVID-19 Trivalent (XBB+BA.5+Delta) Protein Vaccine (Sf9 Cell);   Biological: Low dose of Recombinant COVID-19 Trivalent (XBB+BA.5+Delta) Protein Vaccine (Sf9 Cell);   Biological: control group;   Biological: Placebo group<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   WestVac Biopharma Co., Ltd.<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Impact Of Sensory Re-Education Paradigm On Sensation And Quality Of Life In Patients Post-Covid 19 Polyneuropathy</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   Post-COVID-19 Syndrome<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Other: sensory re-education training;   Other: traditional treatment<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Cairo University<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A Study to Investigate the Safety, Immunogenicity of a Bivalent mRNA Vaccine RQ3025 as a Booster Dose in Healthy Adults</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Biological: RQ3013;   Biological: RQ3025<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University;   Yunnan University;   Kunming Medical University<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A Study to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of COVID-19 Convalescent Plasma (CCP) Transfusion to Prevent COVID-19 in Adult Recipients Following Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>:   COVID-19;   Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Biological: COVID Convalescent Plasma<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Institute of Hematology &amp; Blood Diseases Hospital<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Cupping Therapy on Immune System in Post Covid -19</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   Covid-19 Patients<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Combination Product: Cupping therapy with convential medical treatment;   Drug: Convential medical treatment<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Cairo University<br/><b>Completed</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Evaluating the Efficacy of Remdesivir for Long COVID Following a Confirmed COVID-19 Infection.</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>:   SARS-CoV-2 Infection;   COVID-19<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Drug: Remdesivir<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   University of Derby;   University of Exeter;   Peninsula Clinical Trials Unit;   University Hospitals of Derby and Burton NHS Foundation Trust<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Immunogenicity and Safety Study of SARS-CoV-2 DNA Vaccine (ICCOV)</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Biological: SARS-CoV-2 DNA Vaccine (ICCOV)<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   Immuno Cure 3 Limited;   The University of Hong Kong<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>NC Testing in LC &amp; POTS: A Pilot Study</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>:   Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome;   Post Acute Sequelae of SARS CoV 2 Infection<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Other: IV normal saline (1 Litre)<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   University of Calgary<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>To Investigate Efficacy, Pharmacodynamics, and Safety of BC 007 in Participants With Long COVID</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   Long Covid<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Drug: BC 007 or matching placebo<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Berlin Cures GmbH<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A Phase II/III Study to Evaluate the Immunogenicity and Safety and Efficacy of SWIM816 Vaccines for SARS-CoV-2</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>:   Immunogenicity;   Safety<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Biological: Phase II:SWIM816;SARS-Cov-2;;   Biological: Phase II:SW-BIC-213;SARS-Cov-2;;   Biological: PhaseIII:SWIM816;SARS-Cov-2;;   Biological: PhaseIII:Pfizer(Pfizer Bivalent vaccine);SARS-Cov-2；<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Stemirna Therapeutics<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A Study to Learn About the Study Medicine Called Nirmatrelvir/Ritonavir in People Who Are Healthy Volunteers Co-administered the Medicine Rosuvastatin</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>:   Pharmacokinetics;   Healthy Volunteers<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Drug: Rosuvastatin;   Drug: Nirmatrelvir/ritonavir<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Pfizer<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-pubmed">From PubMed</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Cathepsin inhibitors nitroxoline and its derivatives inhibit SARS-CoV-2 infection</strong> - The severity of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and the recurring (re)emergence of viruses prompted the development of new therapeutic approaches that target viral and host factors crucial for viral infection. Among them, host peptidases cathepsins B and L have been described as essential enzymes during SARS-CoV-2 entry. In this study, we evaluated the effect of potent selective cathepsin inhibitors as antiviral agents. We demonstrated that selective cathepsin B inhibitors, such as the antimicrobial…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>SARS-CoV-2 protein ORF8 limits expression levels of Spike antigen and facilitates immune evasion of infected host cells</strong> - Recovery from COVID-19 depends on the ability of the host to effectively neutralize virions and infected cells, a process largely driven by antibody-mediated immunity. However, with the newly emerging variants that evade Spike-targeting antibodies, re-infections and breakthrough infections are increasingly common. A full characterization of SARS-CoV-2 mechanisms counteracting antibody-mediated immunity is therefore needed. Here, we report that ORF8 is a virally encoded SARS-CoV-2 factor that…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Jingfang granules ameliorate inflammation and immune disorders in mice exposed to low temperature and high humidity by restoring the dysregulation of gut microbiota and fecal metabolites</strong> - The dramatic changes in global climate on human health have been extremely severe. The immune disorder caused by low temperature and high humidity (LTHH) have become a severe public health issue. Clinically, Jingfang granule (JF) has the effect of dispelling cold and eliminating dampness, and is widely used in the treatment of cold caused by wind and cold, autoimmune diseases, and COVID-19 with cold-dampness stagnating in the lung pattern. Our study aims to elucidate the effect of JF on…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>VANGL2 inhibits antiviral IFN-I signaling by targeting TBK1 for autophagic degradation</strong> - Stringent control of type I interferon (IFN-I) signaling is critical to potent innate immune responses against viral infection, yet the underlying molecular mechanisms are still elusive. Here, we found that Van Gogh-like 2 (VANGL2) acts as an IFN-inducible negative feedback regulator to suppress IFN-I signaling during vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) infection. Mechanistically, VANGL2 interacted with TBK1 and promoted the selective autophagic degradation of TBK1 via K48-linked polyubiquitination…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Mpropred: A machine learning (ML) driven Web-App for bioactivity prediction of SARS-CoV-2 main protease (Mpro) antagonists</strong> - The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic emerged in 2019 and still requiring treatments with fast clinical translatability. Frequent occurrence of mutations in spike glycoprotein of SARS-CoV-2 led the consideration of an alternative therapeutic target to combat the ongoing pandemic. The main protease (Mpro) is such an attractive drug target due to its importance in maturating several polyproteins during the replication process. In the present study, we used a…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Synthesis, characterization and identification of inhibitory activity on the main protease of COVID-19 by molecular docking strategy of (4-oxo-piperidinium ethylene acetal) trioxonitrate</strong> - In this investigation a single crystal of (4-oxo-piperidinium ethylene acetal) trioxonitrate (4-OPEAN) was synthesized by modifying the mechanism of gradual evaporation at ambient temperature. The operational groupings are found in the complex material in the elaborate substance, according to the infrared spectrum. Single crystal X-ray diffraction suggests, (4-OPEAN) with the chemical formula (C(7)H(12)NO(2))NO(3) belongs to the orthorhombic space group Pnma and is centrosymmetric in three…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of TREM-1 inhibition with nangibotide in patients with COVID-19 receiving respiratory support: the ESSENTIAL randomised, double-blind trial</strong> - BACKGROUND: Activation of the TREM-1 pathway is associated with outcome in life threatening COVID-19. Data suggest that modulation of this pathway with nangibotide, a TREM-1 modulator may improve survival in TREM-1 activated patients (identified using the biomarker sTREM-1).</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Reconsideration of interferon treatment for viral diseases: Lessons from SARS, MERS, and COVID-19</strong> - Periodic pandemics of coronavirus (CoV)-related pneumonia have been a major challenging issue since the outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in 2002 and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) in 2012. The ongoing pandemic of CoV disease (COVID-19) poses a substantial threat to public health. As for the treatment options, only limited antiviral agents have been approved hitherto, and clinicians mainly focus on currently available drugs including the conventional antiviral…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Two Novel Adenovirus Vectors Mediated Differential Antibody Responses via Interferon-α and Natural Killer Cells</strong> - Recombinant adenovirus vectors have been widely used in vaccine development. To overcome the preexisting immunity of human adenovirus type 5 (Ad5) in populations, a range of chimpanzee or rare human adenovirus vectors have been generated. However, these novel adenovirus vectors mediate the diverse immune responses in the hosts. In this study, we explored the immune mechanism of differential antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 S protein in mice immunized by our previously developed two novel simian…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>SARS-CoV-2 nsp13 Restricts Episomal DNA Transcription without Affecting Chromosomal DNA</strong> - Nonstructural protein 13 (nsp13), the helicase of SARS-CoV-2, has been shown to possess multiple functions that are essential for viral replication, and is considered an attractive target for the development of novel antivirals. We were initially interested in the interplay between nsp13 and interferon (IFN) signaling, and found that nsp13 inhibited reporter signal in an IFN-β promoter assay. Surprisingly, the ectopic expression of different components of the RIG-I/MDA5 pathway, which were used…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>SARS-CoV-2 hijacks p38β/MAPK11 to promote virus replication</strong> - Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, drastically modifies infected cells to optimize virus replication. One such modification is the activation of the host p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, which plays a major role in inflammatory cytokine production, a hallmark of severe COVID-19. We previously demonstrated that inhibition of p38/MAPK activity in SARS-CoV-2-infected cells reduced…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Accelerating drug target inhibitor discovery with a deep generative foundation model</strong> - Inhibitor discovery for emerging drug-target proteins is challenging, especially when target structure or active molecules are unknown. Here, we experimentally validate the broad utility of a deep generative framework trained at-scale on protein sequences, small molecules, and their mutual interactions-unbiased toward any specific target. We performed a protein sequence-conditioned sampling on the generative foundation model to design small-molecule inhibitors for two dissimilar targets: the…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>ARF6 is a host factor for SARS-CoV-2 infection <em>in vitro</em></strong> - Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a newly emerged beta-coronavirus that enter cells via two routes, direct fusion at the plasma membrane or endocytosis followed by fusion with the late endosome/lysosome. While the viral receptor, ACE2, multiple entry factors and the mechanism of fusion of the virus at the plasma membrane have been investigated extensively, viral entry via the endocytic pathway is less understood. By using a human hepatocarcinoma cell line, Huh-7,…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Irreversible Inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 by Lectin Engagement with Two Glycan Clusters on the Spike Protein</strong> - Host cell infection by SARS-CoV-2, similar to that by HIV-1, is driven by a conformationally metastable and highly glycosylated surface entry protein complex, and infection by these viruses has been shown to be inhibited by the mannose-specific lectins cyanovirin-N (CV-N) and griffithsin (GRFT). We discovered in this study that CV-N not only inhibits SARS-CoV-2 infection but also leads to irreversibly inactivated pseudovirus particles. The irreversibility effect was revealed by the observation…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Viral evasion of the interferon response at a glance</strong> - Re-emerging and new viral pathogens have caused significant morbidity and mortality around the world, as evidenced by the recent monkeypox, Ebola and Zika virus outbreaks and the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Successful viral infection relies on tactical viral strategies to derail or antagonize host innate immune defenses, in particular the production of type I interferons (IFNs) by infected cells. Viruses can thwart intracellular sensing systems that elicit IFN gene expression (that is, RIG-I-like…</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-patent-search">From Patent Search</h1>
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<h1 data-aos="fade-down" id="daily-dose">Daily-Dose</h1>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" data-aos-anchor-placement="top-bottom" id="contents">Contents</h1>
<ul>
<li><a href="#from-new-yorker">From New Yorker</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-vox">From Vox</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-the-hindu-sports">From The Hindu: Sports</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-the-hindu-national-news">From The Hindu: National News</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-bbc-europe">From BBC: Europe</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-ars-technica">From Ars Technica</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-jokes-subreddit">From Jokes Subreddit</a></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-new-yorker">From New Yorker</h1>
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<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>What Justice John Paul Stevens’s Papers Reveal About Affirmative Action</strong> - Twenty years ago, Justice Sandra Day O’Connor wrote, in a draft opinion, that white applicants could not be favored over Asian Americans. Why did she delete those lines—and why did Justice Clarence Thomas adopt them in his own opinion? - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/our-columnists/what-justice-john-paul-stevenss-papers-reveal-about-affirmative-action">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>How Trump Compares with Presidents Who Burned Their Papers</strong> - The Harvard historian and New Yorker staff writer Jill Lepore sees historic parallels—as well as willful and unprecedented behavior by the freshly indicted ex-President. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/q-and-a/how-trump-compares-with-presidents-who-burned-their-papers">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>What Can Joe Biden Do About Benjamin Netanyahu?</strong> - The President is clearly displeased by the Prime Minister’s anti-democratic turn but seems wary of testing his influence. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/daily-comment/what-can-joe-biden-do-about-benjamin-netanyahu">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>The Wagner Group Is a Crisis of Putin’s Own Making</strong> - For a decade, the Russian President outsourced his military ambitions to the mercenary force and its pugnacious leader, Yevgeny Prigozhin—then they turned against him. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/news-desk/the-wagner-group-is-a-crisis-of-putins-own-making">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Yevgeny Prigozhin’s Rebellion: Putin’s Weakness Unmasked</strong> - How Yevgeny Prigozhin’s rebellion exposed the Russian President. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/daily-comment/vladimir-putins-weakness-unmasked-yevgeny-prigozhins-rebellion">link</a></p></li>
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<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-vox">From Vox</h1>
<ul>
<li><strong>The limits of therapy-speak</strong> -
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Why it’s so appealing to use pop psychology terms — and when to stop.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="FPaSVH">
In the therapy room, licensed marriage and family therapist <a href="https://theemoeari.com/">Moe Ari Brown</a> has recently been in the business of definitions. A client might say “I have the worst relationship with my mother. She’s a total narcissist,” to which Brown would invite the client to elaborate on what the term “narcissist” means to them. Usually, the client describes a person who may be selfish or self-involved, but not someone who demonstrates the clinical definition of narcissistic personality disorder, marked by “<a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK556001/">a pattern of grandiosity, need for admiration, and lack of empathy</a>,” according to the <em>Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders</em>. Brown then emphasizes the differences between a difficult family member and using a <a href="https://www.vox.com/mental-health">mental health</a> diagnosis in order to judge someone, encouraging the client to instead use more specific language to describe the relationship.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="WDwk4y">
“Narcissist” is just one term clients are using colloquially with friends and therapists. Mental health professionals recoil at the incorrect usage of “trauma,” “gaslighting,” “boundaries,” “trigger” — and even manufactured labels, like “mother wound,” says <a href="https://jacquelyntenaglia.com/">Jacquelyn Tenaglia</a>, a licensed mental health counselor. (“It’s referring to trauma from one’s mother, is my understanding,” she says. “Pop <a href="https://www.vox.com/psychology">psychology</a> sometimes lacks a clear definition.”)
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Terms ordinarily confined to psychological settings have increasingly made their way into the mainstream. As <a href="https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/products/databriefs/db444.htm">more people sought out mental health treatment</a>, especially during the height of the pandemic, and more therapists shared <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2019/06/26/style/instagram-therapists.html">psychological concepts</a> on <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/wellness/2023/03/10/tiktok-therapists-consent-forms-social-media-anonymity-identity/">social media</a>, a greater portion of society writ large was introduced to therapy vernacular. Dubbed <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/culture/cultural-comment/the-rise-of-therapy-speak">therapy-speak</a>, the phenomenon has introduced new vocabulary to the masses, but many definitions have become muddled in the process. While these terms can prove validating for people who can now put a name to an experience, therapy-speak can eliminate all nuance from a conversation. In calling your mother a narcissist when she isn’t, for example, you might be inadvertently dismissing other important aspects of your relationship that don’t clearly map to that definition. As a result, your relationship may be at a standstill, with neither party knowing how to make progress to mend it.
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="KawQVc">
Life is not as straightforward as therapy-speak purports. “There are gradations of the human experience,” says therapist <a href="https://www.israanasir.com/">Israa Nasir</a>, and therapy-speak terms are often the most extreme ways of describing those experiences. A friend can be selfish and not a narcissist. You can feel stressed without experiencing trauma. A partner can lie without gaslighting. Instead, mental health professionals urge, you should embrace nuance and avoid pathologizing normal — albeit annoying or painful — behavior.
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<h3 id="NM0Dfl">
Why therapy-speak is so alluring
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="DF59uw">
The prevalence of therapy terms has been a net positive in the normalization of mental health, Nasir says. As more mental health vocabulary became mainstream, people were able to name their experiences in concrete terms. However, the context of the vernacular has shifted. Like most terms that hit the cultural zeitgeist, the definitions of therapy-speak words morph as they’re passed through the lexicon.
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="lAyhz9">
Through an extended game of telephone, the word “trauma,” for example, has practically shifted from <a href="https://www.apa.org/topics/trauma">“an emotional response to a terrible event like an accident, rape, or natural disaster</a>” to an umbrella term for all things upsetting, according to Tenaglia. In reality, <a href="https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/coping-with-traumatic-events">traumatic events are often severe</a>, like abuse or mass shootings. People encounter stressful situations regularly — and those experiences shouldn’t be discounted — but there are other ways to describe a tense relationship with the in-laws instead of the word “trauma.” “I’ve given the example of arriving late to a job interview and feeling flustered because there was traffic,” Tenaglia says. “That is a stress response. It’s one that would affect you at a physiological level. But it’s not a trauma response unless you were having nightmares from it, flashbacks. So there is a difference there. We can have just normal bodily responses without it being considered trauma.”
</p>
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Therapy-speak works as a shortcut for a word that can have a kaleidoscope of meanings, says <a href="https://warwick.ac.uk/fac/arts/scapvc/ccmps/staff/dr_carolina_bandinelli/">Carolina Bandinelli</a>, an associate professor in media and creative industries at the University of Warwick. However, tagging people as “toxic,” for instance, is not productive, she says, because there is no dialogue, no interrogation of what “toxic” means or how it presents in a person or situation. Beyond the initial naming and identification of a person or experience, it’s crucial to consider your motivations in utilizing that label.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="55HE8T">
Armed with a new vocabulary, people become attached to terms that encapsulate certain events and people, to varying degrees, in order to bolster an argument or justify an experience. Having common language to describe a difficult situation can help people more effectively communicate their concerns and garner support, but these terms can just as easily be weaponized. Did you accuse your partner of gaslighting because they <a href="https://www.vox.com/first-person/2018/12/19/18140830/gaslighting-relationships-politics-explained">manipulated facts, leading you to question your reality</a>, or because you wanted to get the last word? “There’s the people who are weaponizing these terms within personal relationships,” Nasir says, “not necessarily always maliciously, but as a way to ‘win’ the argument, as a way to make their point.”
</p>
<h3 id="2ERdae">
Consider your intention when using therapy-speak
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="jwqr9o">
In order to course-correct when it comes to therapy-speak, therapists say we need to reflect on our past uses of these terms. Think about a recent time you used therapy-speak. What was your intention? What message did you want to convey? Why are you drawn to intense emotional descriptors? Often, people use a word like “trauma” when they are having a stress response, Tenaglia says. Or “gaslighting” is used to describe a disagreement, Nasir says. Venture beyond the emotional shorthand these words provide to uncover the true source of your discomfort. “Being able to identify an emotion is a really important part of us being able to regulate it,” Nasir says. “There’s a difference between someone making a mistake and somebody intentionally doing wrong.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Yz0163">
Interrogate the behaviors you are inclined to deem “toxic” or “narcissistic,” Bandinelli says, to explain why you used that phrase and why you might use it again in the future. “Why am I saying that this is toxic?” she says. “Is it because it hurts me? And what kind of hurt is it?” Again, it’s possible to accept that a person inflicted emotional pain without pathologizing their actions.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="TOFZsi">
If you’ve ever labeled another person with therapy-speak, think about whether you’ve ever acted in a similar way, Bandinelli says. Is canceling plans at the last minute boundary-setting when you do it but narcissistic when done by someone else?
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="hZ5mB5">
Perhaps you are accustomed to receiving validation when describing disagreements or stressors in an extreme way, Tenaglia says. “If so, what does that say about our support system,” she says, “and our needs?” You may find therapy a more constructive place to seek emotional aid.
</p>
<h3 id="QMFW8r">
Use more words, not fewer, to describe a situation
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="yEK7gA">
While therapy-speak isn’t inherently bad, Tenaglia says, the vernacular is misused. We should take care to learn what certain words mean and utilize specific language for when these phrases don’t accurately apply. For example, “trauma bonding” does not mean bonding over a shared difficult experience; it is when a <a href="https://health.clevelandclinic.org/trauma-bonding/">person who was abused feels an emotional connection to their abuser</a>.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="V2PCgN">
Instead of defaulting to therapy-speak, Brown suggests using more words to describe your experience. “A lot of times we’re using terms to summarize what we need to in order to have a global understanding of something,” he says, “so we’ll say gaslighting because we think everybody will get what that means.” In reality, your perception of gaslighting might differ from another’s. When clients use therapy-speak, Brown asks them to describe the event in detail. Instead of one or two words, explain the situation and how you feel in a few sentences. “If you’re wanting to call someone a narcissist,” Brown says, “what is it that I mean? I’m meaning that I experienced them as self-important and not really taking the time to notice other people’s needs. It’s okay to say that because that really clearly expresses what you’re thinking.”
</p>
<h3 id="5YBRzv">
Save therapy-speak for therapy
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="zcEpPQ">
Therapy-speak is best reserved for the context of therapy where a professional can correct misinterpretations and ask for elaboration. Overuse of these terms can blunt their significance and minimize the experience of someone who has actually dealt with a person with narcissistic personality disorder, for example. For this reason, Brown suggests limiting your use of popular mental health terms outside of a counseling setting. “Most people are not experiencing gaslighting day-to-day, unless they’re in a relationship where that really is happening,” he says. “Again, therapy is a good context to really explore what’s happening there.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="6SyLt6">
Identify your emotions, take the space to adequately describe them, and validate your experience. What you’re feeling is real; it just might not necessarily be trauma.
</p></li>
<li><strong>The ultimate score for rich people? “Golden” passports.</strong> -
<figure>
<img alt="A US passport on a pile of $100 bills." src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/MoXkxAZCKkXk4gnbT6fx4NOEq4s=/332x0:6881x4912/1310x983/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_image/image/72400084/GettyImages_1490943153.0.jpg"/>
<figcaption>
“Golden passport” programs allow the wealthy to apply for citizenship by making a contribution — often the purchase of real estate — in a country. | Getty Images/iStockPhoto
</figcaption>
</figure>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
A few hundred thousand dollars can buy citizenship in some very pretty places.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="tsXkdS">
After the nadir of Covid travel restrictions, summer travel season is in full swing. Air travel is projected to <a href="https://www.usnews.com/news/health-news/articles/2023-05-30/tsa-holiday-weekend-air-travel-rebounds-tops-pre-pandemic-levels">exceed pre-pandemic levels</a>, according to the Transportation Security Administration. People are dusting off their passports, or waiting weeks to get them renewed, and applying for the visas they need for their destinations. International vacations take planning, even more so now. While the world has mostly opened back up since lockdowns, most nations have strict limits on how long noncitizens can visit.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="GfORkJ">
How easily you can move around the world, and how long you get to stay in your tropical destination of choice, depends entirely on your passport. That’s a more fraught geopolitical issue than you might realize — and citizens of rich Western nations usually come out on top.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="AVfXed">
The ultrarich are collecting not one, but sometimes two or three passports and multiple citizenships, and all the privileges they confer. These passports, often issued by nations particularly welcoming of cash, can be a kind of collector’s item, a status symbol luxury good to show off at bougie soirees. It also cracks open the door to a possible escape, should things go south for the holder in their personal life or in their country of origin.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="skIMA2">
All it requires is money — anywhere from $100,000 on the low end to more than $1 million on the high end, invested in property or a public good — plus background checks and a short wait for approval. Called “golden” passports, they don’t even actually require the wealthy to reside in the places where they hold citizenship.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="4UdPiC">
Ex-<a href="https://www.vox.com/google">Google</a> CEO <a href="https://www.vox.com/recode/2020/11/9/21547055/eric-schmidt-google-citizen-cyprus-european-union">Eric Schmidt applied for Cyprus’s citizenship-by-investment program</a> a few years ago, allowing him to travel to the <a href="https://www.vox.com/european-union">European Union</a> amid Covid lockdowns. Harlan Crow, the billionaire GOP donor with a habit of showering <a href="https://www.vox.com/scotus">Supreme Court</a> Justice <a href="https://www.propublica.org/article/clarence-thomas-harlan-crow-private-school-tuition-scotus">Clarence Thomas with expensive, undisclosed gifts</a>, procured citizenship to the Caribbean island of <a href="https://theintercept.com/2023/04/25/clarence-thomas-harlan-crow-citizenship-st-kitts/">Saint Kitts and Nevis in 2012</a>. A <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/mar/18/super-rich-made-cyprus-home">heap</a> <a href="https://www.occrp.org/ru/investigations/7720-russian-billionaire-linked-to-putin-and-manafort-has-shiny-new-cyprus-passport">of Russian oligarchs</a> have purchased passports, often to Cyprus, though many have been revoked since the outbreak of the Ukraine-<a href="https://www.vox.com/russia">Russia</a> war. Applicants invest money in the nation’s real estate industry, or a government program, <a href="https://www.vox.com/philanthropy">philanthropy</a>, or some other sector, in exchange for the government’s consideration of whether their significant contribution to the nation’s <a href="https://www.vox.com/economy">economy</a> merits citizenship, not to mention a new passport.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="pVOpkw">
Sometimes, wealthy people of some renown don’t even have to apply through a formal program: <a href="https://www.vox.com/snapchat">Snapchat</a> founder Evan Spiegel gained <a href="https://www.lesechos.fr/tech-medias/hightech/exclusif-comment-le-pdg-de-snapchat-est-devenu-francais-1156728">French citizenship in 2018</a> for an exceptional contribution to the nation (it’s unclear what exactly that contribution was). Venture capitalist <a href="https://www.vox.com/peter-thiel">Peter Thiel</a> was granted New Zealand citizenship in 2011 under similar “exceptional circumstances,” because of “his skills as an entrepreneur and his philanthropy,” according to <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/jun/29/new-zealand-gave-peter-thiel-citizenship-after-spending-just-12-days-there">government documents</a>. Citizenship granted to individuals for extraordinary achievement or contribution to a country, or to a specific field, is doled out at the government’s discretion — a nation can give citizenship to anyone it wants, after all — but they are often handed out to <a href="https://www.vox.com/celebrities">celebrities</a> or professional athletes. Established citizenship-by-investment programs, on the other hand, lay out a clear blueprint for how to become a citizen of a nation despite having no prior ties.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="YBy2OK">
“The gold standard is to try to have unfettered access to the EU and <a href="https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/schengen-borders-and-visa/schengen-area_en">Schengen</a> countries,” says Michael Kosnitzky, a family office attorney at Pillsbury Winthrop Shaw Pittman who has helped many of his high-net-worth clients obtain second, and even third, citizenships.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="ORcXkG">
To the wealthy, that unfettered access is well worth the money. They don’t have to plan their escapes; golden passports allow them to jet around the world at the drop of a hat, and to be treated as citizens, not just visitors. Some might want unrestricted entry into a country because they intend to live there, or have family there. For others, there’s another kind of freedom — an escape route from criminal allegations and prosecution. Citizenship by investment offers the wealthy a wide range of movement — and potential legal protections — that the rest of us don’t have. For nations that are developing or rebounding from Covid, such programs are an easy way to boost government coffers.
</p>
<h3 id="u3gDaU">
How it works
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="JYATmE">
About 22 countries have a legal provision in place that would allow citizenship by investment, according to Kristin Surak, a political sociologist at the London School of Economics, whose forthcoming book <em>The Golden Passport: Global Mobility for Millionaires</em> covers eight years’ worth of research across more than a dozen countries. “Even Russia has one,” says Surak.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="7PC3NF">
The basic idea is that a person who makes a significant investment in a nation can earn the privilege of citizenship, and pay-to-play citizenship is a game that a growing number of wealthy Americans are getting in on. The US has no policy limiting dual citizenships — as long as the other country allows it, an American can theoretically hold as many passports as they want.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="kzW39L">
Within the countries willing to offer dual citizenship by investment, just a handful dominate the market, often the programs that would grant freer movement around Europe. Malta, a picturesque archipelago off the coast of Italy, has long been the crowd favorite, but it’s one of the most expensive, requiring investments, charitable donations, and property purchases totaling well over 1 million euros. Cyprus was also once high on the list, but its citizenship-by-investment program was shut down after an <a href="https://interactive.aljazeera.com/aje/2020/cyprus-papers/index.html">Al Jazeera investigation</a> revealed that it had given passports to criminals.
</p>
<figure class="e-image">
<img alt=" " src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/6ShC0nJ2XmeALaukyfzoVFWIxpk=/800x0/filters:no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/24741516/GettyImages_1166661889.jpg"/> <cite>Getty Images/iStockphoto</cite>
<figcaption>
Malta is a popular spot to gain citizenship, and it’s pretty easy to see why.
</figcaption>
</figure>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="sRDHkw">
“I still like Malta, but there are other countries now — Slovenia, Slovakia, Hungary, and my personal favorite, Austria,” said Kosnitzky. Unlike many similar programs, Austria’s doesn’t specify an amount of investment; applicants simply can make significant contributions to charity or research and obtain citizenship.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="yoNxwd">
<a href="https://www.vox.com/turkey">Turkey</a> is hot right now; its CBI program grew due to increasing unrest in the Middle East and Russia. “It’s only $250,000,” says Surak. “Turkey is still naturalizing Russians, so now there’s huge Russian demand.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="A6QH4O">
These unusual pathways to citizenship are fairly recent, popping up in the 2000s, according to Surak. Often, golden passports are a family affair that includes spouses and children. Annually, says Surak, about 50,000 people (including family members of applicants) are approved for citizenship through investment programs. (A similar phenomenon, known as “golden visas,” allows people long-term residency by investment but not citizenship.)
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Hm6lj0">
One of the hallmarks of an attractive citizenship-by-investment program is that it requires little to no physical presence. Good CBI programs are also fairly speedy — getting a Maltese passport can take 12 to 18 months, which is practically a blink of an eye, considering the typical protracted process of naturalization. The US naturalization process takes 18 to 24 months, but the prerequisite is permanent residency for five years.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="TO29KR">
Some of the modern “passports for sale” programs were established decades ago — Saint Kitts started its program in 1984, says Surak, right after independence from Britain. In the aftermath of decolonization, these small nations were often cash-strapped. “Some of them have populations of 100,000,” Surak says. “It’s really hard to run a full country of 100,000 people, especially when you have to import everything and you don’t have a lot of natural resources.” The early programs were less stable than the CBI schemes seen today; governments could simply cancel the passports they had given out. From the mid-2000s onward, according to Surak, private firms began pitching governments to create more permanent, stable programs that ensured not just passports but citizenship.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="jsVtyB">
For some nations, money from citizenship investments make up a hefty bulk of their economy: In the lush Caribbean nation of Saint Kitts, Surak’s research has found, CBI makes up over 40 percent of its GDP. Covid, which hit the <a href="https://www.vox.com/travel">tourism</a> industry hard, has only exacerbated these nations’ pursuit of investment.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="H514zh">
Once a person becomes a citizen, it’s hard to get kicked out, Surak says. That’s why golden passports are attractive for rich people who are looking for possible exits in case their current homes become politically unstable (or unfriendly toward the rich), or if they fear that legal action might be taken against them. An extra citizenship can be a layer of protection. It’s also why some critics, including the European Commission, have been vehemently opposed to golden passports. Critics argue that the risk of providing a place of escape, a hidey hole, to criminals is just too high.
</p>
<h3 id="aX9K1q">
Why rich people — and, increasingly, rich Americans — want more passports
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Zvvcj3">
Maybe the question of why golden passports are alluring to the wealthy (and to everyone else) is a no-brainer — it provides greater mobility. Beneath this broad umbrella there are distinct motivations at play, complicating the debate around whether citizenship should be “for sale.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="z9cqYy">
For some clients, Kosnitzky said, the decision to obtain another passport is informed by a history of family members who were victims of pogroms and genocide. “They want to have flexibility, to not be limited by a US passport,” says Kosnitzky, if they someday face a repressive government.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="SNwD82">
“They may want to expatriate at some point in the future,” says Kosnitzky, “or they want to maintain flexibility for future generations to do so.” Some may want to expatriate, pay a US exit tax, and then be able to pay a much lower income tax rate in another country where they are a resident, or potentially avoid US estate taxes.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="98YFQh">
Others may want to avoid “a further demonization of the ultra-wealthy,” Kosnitzky continues. For example: wealth taxes, which have increasing <a href="https://www.cnbc.com/2022/04/09/theres-a-growing-interest-in-wealth-taxes-on-the-super-rich.html">bipartisan support</a> in the US.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="nKZblo">
A lot of the growing American interest in multiple citizenships is “just paranoia,” says Surak. “It’s just hedging against hedging against hedging.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="XrGVS3">
But even without political or financial motives, second citizenships are attractive. US passport holders can travel to 185 countries visa-free, according to <a href="https://www.henleyglobal.com/passport-index/ranking">Henley &amp; Partners’ current passport ranking</a>. That’s nothing to sniff at, but a Singaporean citizen can enter 194 nations without needing a visa.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="lR5B49">
Malta’s program has a higher minimum investment amount than others because it unlocks most of Europe. Without an EU passport, Americans are limited to 90-day visits to the EU over a six-month period. The pandemic lockdowns only heightened the value of multiple passports among those who can afford it; a US passport is powerful, but not powerful enough to evade Covid travel restrictions.
</p>
<h3 id="SBW2jB">
Tarnished gold?
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="kcqejQ">
The European Commission is stridently opposed to such programs, arguing that they are a security risk to the EU because they allow in anyone with enough money, even if they have no <a href="https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/hu/ip_20_1925">“genuine link”</a> to EU nations. Last March, after Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, the commission urged European nations to <a href="https://www.migrationpolicy.org/article/golden-passports-citizenship-investment-rollback">stop selling citizenship to investors</a>, particularly to Russian applicants. In September 2022, it referred Malta to the EU’s Court of Justice under the argument that its program was not compatible with member states’ principle of “sincere cooperation.” A judgment has not been made, but the EU’s calls are being heard. <a href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/3/24/bulgaria-ends-controversial-golden-passports-scheme">Bulgaria ended its investor citizenship</a> program last spring; earlier this year, <a href="https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/ce9570w0eyeo">Ireland</a> and <a href="https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/rush-golden-visas-after-portugals-decision-end-much-criticised-scheme-2023-03-14/">Portugal</a> announced they would be scrapping their popular golden visa programs.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="THpmXi">
Other nations have also expressed concerns over investor passports and visas. “In the US, Canada [and] Australia, the key concerns are tax evasion, corruption, avoidance of extradition, and security matters,” Jelena Džankić, a professor at the European University Institute and an expert in citizenship and migration, told Vox in an email. “In the EU, we can see these concerns, too, and on top of them — money laundering and undue political influence.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="NagSjR">
There’s a seedy underbelly to the enterprise; Kosnitzky notes that wealthy Americans who pursue Caribbean passports, for example, may be doing so because they fear their US passports could be revoked — whether it’s because they owe a <a href="https://www.bragertaxlaw.com/can-the-irs-revoke-my-passport-because-i-am-behind-on-my-taxes.html">serious amount in taxes</a> or are guilty of a crime.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="W3YDDW">
A 2020 leak of government documents also revealed that top Cypriot politicians had helped criminals, including people convicted of fraud and money laundering, buy citizenship to the island nation. The leak led to the shuttering of Cyprus’s CBI program. In 2018, journalist <a href="https://www.occrp.org/en/thedaphneproject/murdered-maltese-journalist-was-investigating-islands-golden-visas">Daphne Caruana Galizia was killed</a> while investigating possible corruption in Malta’s golden passport program. Prime Minister Joseph Muscat stepped down in the fallout of her death. Beyond allegations that some of these programs allow criminals and corrupt individuals to obtain the rights and privileges of citizenship, the sale of passports and visas can have other undesirable consequences: In Portugal, golden visas contributed to the<a href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/newsletters/2023-05-06/portugal-golden-visas-that-fueled-lisbon-real-estate-boom-may-be-ending"> unaffordable rise of real estate prices</a>.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="8eRVdy">
Now the industry is moving toward the Middle East, Džankić says. “Egypt has had this scheme since 2020, but recently relaxed the conditions for obtaining citizenship; Jordan has been running a CBI since 2018. Saudi Arabia, Qatar, Bahrain all run recent residency-by-investment schemes,” she says.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="xEB6jZ">
Surak acknowledges that golden passports are a highly politicized issue — but contends that many of the smallest nations offering citizenship by investment are doing so because they really need the money.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="oHukfn">
The very fact that being a rich citizen of a certain country means someone can have far greater freedom of movement than a poorer citizen of another nation is because our geopolitical environment has advantaged mostly wealthy white nations. In other words, says Surak, “Check your passport privilege.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="sYQmvF">
</p></li>
<li><strong>Why strikes might disrupt your summer Eurotrip</strong> -
<figure>
<img alt="A crowd of protesters wearing orange vests hold signs. " src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/hoym3bHtpI_fz6GkRyzD9DIXbPY=/250x0:4250x3000/1310x983/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_image/image/72400057/1252040253.0.jpg"/>
<figcaption>
Striking members of the EVG railway workers labor union gather in front of Dammtor railway station during a nationwide warning strike on April 21, 2023, in Hamburg, Germany. | Morris MacMatzen/Getty Images
</figcaption>
</figure>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Inflation in Europe and the United Kingdom is prompting a wave of labor action across the continent.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="ZFcRs3">
In April, Germany’s Berlin Brandenburg Airport canceled all departing flights because of <a href="https://www.euronews.com/2023/04/24/all-flights-cancelled-at-berlin-airport-after-warning-strikes-by-staff-over-pay">a work stoppage among security workers</a>. At the end of May, <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2023/may/31/rail-services-in-parts-of-england-grind-to-halt-in-first-of-three-train-strikes-this-week">rail workers in the United Kingdom launched the first of three strikes</a> to protest wages, forcing cuts in train service. France’s union for air traffic controllers went on strike in June, <a href="https://apnews.com/article/france-protests-retirement-age-macron-strikes-1abb098b104f2b7094e51e650218771d">joining months of nationwide action</a> against <a href="https://www.cnbc.com/2023/05/07/why-younger-generations-may-bear-brunt-of-social-security-reforms.html">the country’s proposed retirement age increase</a>.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="4VHNki">
This is only a sliver of the strike action across Europe and the United Kingdom in recent months, <a href="https://www.euronews.com/travel/2023/06/19/where-are-airport-and-transport-strikes-happening-between-now-and-easter#:~:text=Workers%20across%20Europe%20are%20walking,to%20check%20before%20you%20travel.">and of the walkouts expected across the continent</a>. Many of these stoppages are happening in the transport and travel sectors — <a href="https://www.aireuropa.com/us/en/aea/press-releases/notifications.html">pilots</a> and <a href="https://www.thelocal.it/20230619/what-to-expect-from-italys-airports-strike-on-tuesday">baggage handlers</a> and <a href="https://www.timeout.com/london/news/london-train-strikes-everything-you-need-to-know-021723#:~:text=Are%20there%20any%20tube%20strikes,expect%20more%20disruption%20this%20summer.">train and public transit workers</a>. That’s also why they’re getting a lot of attention: because these actions are <a href="https://www.travelpulse.com/News/Impacting-Travel/Europe-Dealing-with-Flight-Disruptions-as-Strikes-Impact-Air-Travel">disrupting</a> some of those great post-pandemic Eurotrips this summer.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="lYrKKz">
But these strikes are bigger than whether your <a href="https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-12164717/Ryanair-cancels-400-flights-Europe-amid-air-traffic-controller-strike.html">flight to Malaga </a>takes off as scheduled. Stubborn inflation in <a href="https://www.cnn.com/2023/06/01/economy/europe-inflation-drop-ukraine-war/index.html">Europe</a> and the <a href="https://www.bbc.com/news/business-12196322">United Kingdom</a> is squeezing workforces, and those workers are demanding better wages and improved working conditions. This movement is not limited to transport-related unions. Frustrations are being felt across sectors, as evidenced by the strikes led by <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/society/2023/jun/13/three-day-strike-doctors-england-expected-to-have-enormous-impact">doctors</a> and <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2023/jun/19/nhs-nurses-strike-england-royal-college-of-nursing-members-postal-votes">nurses</a> and <a href="https://www.bbc.com/news/education-63283289">teachers</a> in the United Kingdom.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="G7yIkr">
“Workers still feel that they are losing out, because if inflation is higher than your wage increase, then you have a wage cut,” said Ronald Erne, professor of European integration and employment relations at the University College Dublin School of Business. “And so the strikes that we have across Europe, most of them are about renewal of wage agreements, of collective bargaining agreements.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="UEjRZE">
Last summer also <a href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/strikes-roll-across-europe-as-unions-push-for-higher-wages-to-offset-inflation-11657209750">saw strikes and stoppages</a>, and <a href="https://www.etui.org/strikes-map">some European countries tend to see these kinds of walkouts more frequently</a>. Plus, workers around the world, and across industries, are making demands for better wages and employment terms amid inflation and shifting economies; after all, screenwriters in the US have been <a href="https://www.vox.com/culture/23696617/writers-strike-wga-2023-explained-residuals-streaming-ai">striking for more than a month</a>, and <a href="https://www.cbsnews.com/news/ups-strike-vote-teamsters-biggest-walkout-in-60-years/">a potentially massive UPS strike also looms</a>.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="7gOpV4">
This may not exactly be a historic summer of discontent, but some places are seeing a notable increase in labor action relative to recent years, as in the United Kingdom. Still, these stoppages are meaningful, a political expression of the frustration around current economic conditions.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="5mUVIu">
And that expression is difficult to ignore, whether you’re planning a European getaway or not.
</p>
<h3 id="TKEcTt">
Just how widespread are these disruptions?
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="wY9IsQ">
These work stoppages across Europe and the UK are happening in waves. Workers are going on strike for a few days, or one day, or even an afternoon. They are designed to be disruptive — flights canceled when pilots strike, medical appointments canceled when doctors in the UK walk out — and gain a lot of publicity.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="aTV9pU">
This also minimizes the financial fallout for union workers, who might not get paid if they’re on prolonged strike. It may also help keep public opinion on their side, at least a little bit. In the UK, for example, <a href="https://www.ipsos.com/en-uk/over-half-britons-support-junior-doctors-taking-strike-action">public opinion largely supports strikes by doctors and nurses and other public sector workers</a>, but that may shift if, rather than a few days of disruption, appointments got canceled for weeks and weeks.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="KdqEzF">
A lot of these walkouts are voted on and announced far enough in advance to give people a chance to plan. <a href="https://www.euronews.com/travel/2023/06/22/where-are-airport-and-transport-strikes-happening-between-now-and-easter#:~:text=Workers%20across%20Europe%20are%20walking,to%20check%20before%20you%20travel.">As Euronews has reported</a>, more strikes are expected in June and July, so travelers can prepare for, say, Swedish airport security strikes in July, and rolling public transit strikes in Italy.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="1VzOxM">
And, again, these strikes are visible because the ones staging them are workers who are highly unionized but also have a lot of structural power in the economy — the ones who do the everyday life things people depend on: transportation, <a href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2023-03-17/why-garbage-strikes-work">sanitation</a>, <a href="https://www.reuters.com/world/uk/uks-royal-mail-workers-call-off-two-day-strike-union-says-2023-02-06/#:~:text=Feb%206%20(Reuters)%20%2D%20Postal,(CWU)%20said%20on%20Monday.">mail delivery</a>, health care. The strikes are in some ways a not-so-subtle reminder to employers and governments about how vital these jobs are to the economy writ large. The message: pay us fairly, or keep feeling the pain.
</p>
<h3 id="9CiyaJ">
Inflation is stubbornly high in the EU and especially the UK, and workers don’t believe their wages are keeping up
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="F0Kizz">
The aftermath of the pandemic and the shocks of the Ukraine war have contributed to inflation around the world, including the EU and the UK. Many European economies, in particular, relied on cheap Russian gas, and <a href="https://www.vox.com/russia">Russia</a>’s invasion prompted an energy crisis, forcing industries and households to prepare for shortages and higher prices for oil and gas and most everything else that requires energy inputs.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Scj3Tt">
Some of those pressures have eased, but not entirely. In Europe, <a href="https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php?title=Inflation_in_the_euro_area">core inflation is at about 6 percent</a>, declining but still high. And pockets of really high inflation remain, as <a href="https://apnews.com/article/food-prices-europe-inflation-pasta-strike-386319f11769d4070d5fa34d02b000dd">with food staples</a>; <a href="https://apnews.com/article/inflation-europe-food-prices-77c0d22dd3ff5aad439a995542a8e6a8">Europe’s food prices are about 12.5 percent higher this May than last year</a>.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="fLEb3Q">
In the United Kingdom, <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2023/06/21/business/uk-inflation-may.html">inflation is stuck at about 8.7 percent</a>, though it’s down from a peak last fall. Like the EU and the rest of the world, the UK is dealing with the post-Covid hangover and the disruptions from the Ukraine war, but unlike the EU and the rest of the world,<a href="https://www.bbc.com/news/business-65962027"> it is dealing with some of the likely aftershocks of Brexit</a>, and the economic and trade readjustments that came with it. (<a href="https://www.cnbc.com/2023/06/13/cpi-inflation-report-may-2023-.html#:~:text=The%20consumer%20price%20index%20increased,%25%20and%205.3%25%2C%20respectively.">US inflation rose at a 4 percent rate in May, the lowest in two years, by way of comparison</a>.)
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="N41BED">
Taken together, the economic picture is a tough one, especially for workers who see rising costs outpacing their wages, who see prices for basic goods taking a bigger chunk out of their paychecks. And that’s a huge reason for recent strikes.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Vd1Tm4">
“One major trigger for that has been the sudden increase in the inflation rate,” said Alex Bryson, a professor of quantitative social science at University College London Social Research Institute, referring to the United Kingdom. “Those public sector workers are facing an ever-increasing rate of decline in their real earnings unless they can claw some of it back.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="gCrdw8">
In the United Kingdom, workers have gone on strike across sectors, including junior <a href="https://www.pbs.org/newshour/world/junior-doctors-begin-4-day-strike-in-uk-seeking-pay-raise">doctors</a> and <a href="https://www.bbc.com/news/health-65380385">nurses</a> for Britain’s National Health Service. High inflation in the past year <a href="https://www.instituteforgovernment.org.uk/comment/civil-service-pay-governments-ability-deliver">has really cut </a>into workers’ real wages. The junior doctors, for example, <a href="https://www.bma.org.uk/our-campaigns/junior-doctor-campaigns/pay/junior-doctors-strike-doctors-guide-to-industrial-action-2023#:~:text=Our%20aims,cost%20of%20living%20and%20inflation">want a commensurate pay increase — and protections against future pay declines</a>. That, along with strikes in other sectors, has prompted some of the most intense labor activity in the UK since the Great Recession — although it doesn’t quite compare to some past labor unrest, <a href="https://www.history.ox.ac.uk/miners-strike-1984-5-oral-history">as with the miners’ strikes in the mid-1980s</a>.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="sSU3CL">
Europe is also seeing its share of strikes, and that labor unrest across the continent also has slightly different triggers, some tied to national policies — like, again, those pension protest in France — and specific conditions or demands. But the problem of inflation is percolating around all these movements. This unrest is perhaps “reflecting the unwinding of a period of wage stagnation, where workers are now facing slightly increasing inflation and therefore deciding to try and dig their heels in if and where they can to try and stop further erosion in terms of conditions,” Bryson said.
</p>
<h3 id="Rf7i7J">
What’s next for these strikes?
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="TrBSUX">
The cost-of-living crisis that’s creating this labor unrest is unlikely to completely dissipate this season, which means the continent will likely see more stoppages and strikes in the coming months.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="OFnjBm">
The harder question to answer is how these movements are benefiting workers. “In Europe,” Erne said, “you need less to strike, you need less to get employers to make a compromise.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="eGK1RL">
Of course, that applies in different ways on the national level. <a href="https://www.france24.com/en/europe/20230606-protesters-prepare-for-14th-day-of-protests-in-bid-to-stop-french-pension-overhaul">France went ahead with its pension reform, after all</a>, although strikes have always been kind of a thing in France. In Germany, <a href="https://www.reuters.com/business/aerospace-defense/agreement-reached-germany-aviation-security-workers-pay-industry-group-2023-05-17/">aviation security workers who disrupted thousands of flights this spring reached a deal on pay</a>, but German rail <a href="https://www.dw.com/en/german-rail-union-rejects-bahn-offer-threatens-more-strikes/a-65783880">workers rejected a deal from the national rail provider in May</a>. <a href="https://uk.finance.yahoo.com/news/air-europa-pilots-spain-announce-081516869.html">Pilots are on intermittent strikes over pay with the Spanish airline Air Europa</a>. Italy’s public transit workers have planned localized strikes <a href="https://crisis24.garda.com/alerts/2023/06/italy-unionized-transport-workers-to-strike-in-milan-june-16">throughout the country</a>. But Sweden’s rail <a href="https://www.thelocal.se/20230515/swedens-train-strike-called-off-after-overnight-negotiations">workers called off a strike in May after last-minute negotiations.</a>
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="qj7IS8">
The UK is a bit more of a complicated picture, in part because it is a bit less labor-friendly than many EU countries. Right now, the government is debating <a href="https://bills.parliament.uk/bills/3396">anti-strike laws</a>, which would set minimum service requirements and which critics say undermine the rights of workers. Still, there’s been some successes — <a href="https://www.euronews.com/travel/2023/06/14/summer-of-strife-heathrow-security-staff-announce-31-days-of-strikes-in-june-and-august#:~:text=Security%20guards%20at%20London's%20Heathrow,on%20the%20latest%20pay%20deal.">workers at Heathrow Airport postponed a strike after positive negotiations</a>. The government proposed a deal for NHS nurses, though some unions rejected it — <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2023/jun/19/nhs-nurses-strike-england-royal-college-of-nursing-members-postal-votes?utm_source=dlvr.it&amp;utm_medium=twitter">and it’s unclear right now if there will be enough support for continued collective action</a>. Of course, for nurses and doctors and other public sector workers whose pay <a href="https://www.bma.org.uk/pay-and-contracts/pay/how-doctors-pay-is-decided/how-nhs-doctors-pay-is-decided">is set by the government</a>, these negotiations are a bit more complicated. But those hurdles, in some ways, are why these groups keep pushing.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="dYufSr">
“I think they are in it for the long haul, because they think if they don’t get a decent settlement now, they’ll have lost their chance,” Bryson said. “There is something of a brinksmanship thing going on here. The question is who is going to blink first.”
</p>
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</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-the-hindu-sports">From The Hindu: Sports</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Gauhati High Court stays Wrestling Federation of India elections</strong> - Assam Wrestling Association, in its petition, said that though it was entitled to be an affiliated member of the WFI</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Special Olympics World Games | Indian team crosses 150-medal mark on penultimate day</strong> - India now have a whopping 157 medals (66 gold, 50 silver, 41 bronze) with a day left in the Games</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>India’s 1983 World Cup victory…40 years on</strong> - On the 40th anniversary of the 1983 World Cup win, The Hindu revisits the defining moment in Indian cricket history</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Sergio Busquets is joining former Barcelona teammate Lionel Messi at Inter Miami</strong> - After nearly two decades with Barcelona, Sergio Busquets announced last month that he would not return to the club.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Lionel Messi, as he turns 36, is still timeless as ever and for many the best in history</strong> - The Argentine has attained a legendary status while playing for Barcelona, the club with which he won 10 LaLiga and four Champions League title</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-the-hindu-national-news">From The Hindu: National News</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Chief Minister fulfilling dreams of former MP Boddepalli, says Dharmana</strong> - The centenary celebrations of the former MP organised by the State government conclude in Srikakulam</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Gauhati High Court stays Wrestling Federation of India elections</strong> - Assam Wrestling Association, in its petition, said that though it was entitled to be an affiliated member of the WFI</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Trainer aircraft makes emergency landing on agriculture field in Kalaburagi</strong> - The trainer aircraft operated by Redbird Flight Training Academy developed technical glitches a few minutes after it took off from Kalaburagi Airport. No causalities or damage reported.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Manipur CM Biren Singh meets Union Home Minister Amit Shah</strong> - Amit Shah told an all-party delegation on Saturday that imposition of President’s Rule in Manipur was not an option</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Manipur CM meets Amit Shah in Delhi, briefs about prevailing situation</strong> - This come a day after the Home Minister chaired an all-party meeting in New Delhi over the Manipur situation</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-bbc-europe">From BBC: Europe</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Russia: Wagner chief Yevgeny Prigozhin calls halt to Moscow advance</strong> - Yevgeny Prigozhin agrees to stop his troops’ march on Moscow and move to Belarus, in a sudden climb down.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Wagner chief’s 24 hours of chaos in Russia</strong> - Wagner’s mercenary boss threatened an armed rebellion but pulled back from marching on Moscow.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Greek conservatives eye Mitsotakis majority in fresh election</strong> - Greece holds its second election in a month and Prime Minister Mitsotakis is hoping for a convincing win.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Ukraine war: Living without water in a town devastated by dam breach</strong> - Residents of a Ukrainian town devastated by floods when a dam collapsed describe life without water.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Hundreds of migrants rescued off Canary Islands</strong> - At least 227 migrants were saved on Thursday, Spain’s officials say, a day after a deadly shipwreck.</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-ars-technica">From Ars Technica</h1>
<ul>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Context is everything: Why key developments often sit unused</strong> - The book <em>Sleeping Beauties</em> looks at everything—biology, skills, ideas—that lies latent. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1949578">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>It’s summer and that means disturbing swim advisories. Here’s our top 5</strong> - Behold the most nauseating and mesmerizing swim advisories floating around. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1949894">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Employee finds SSD stolen last year from corporate data center for sale on eBay</strong> - How can third-party marketplaces prevent stolen goods from being listed? - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1949673">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>X-ray “light echoes” hint at outburst from Milky Way’s central black hole</strong> - The supermassive black hole at the center of our galaxy hasn’t always been quiet. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1949885">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>“Stunning”—Midjourney update wows AI artists with camera-like feature</strong> - Midjourney v5.2 features camera-like zoom control over framing, more realism. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1949715">link</a></p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-jokes-subreddit">From Jokes Subreddit</h1>
<ul>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Reddit is killing third-party applications (and itself). Read more in the comments.</strong> - submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/JokeSentinel"> /u/JokeSentinel </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://i.redd.it/1j5nee06kx5b1.png">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/1490rmv/reddit_is_killing_thirdparty_applications_and/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>They just discovered the cause of the implosion</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF --></p>
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
OceanGate was purchasing materials for the vessel and misunderstood the term “substandard”.
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<!-- SC_ON -->
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/ExLaxMarksTheSpot"> /u/ExLaxMarksTheSpot </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/14i5z1o/they_just_discovered_the_cause_of_the_implosion/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/14i5z1o/they_just_discovered_the_cause_of_the_implosion/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A gold one</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF --></p>
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Man walks into a pet shop and sees a parrot for only $50. Standing next to the cage the man asks, “I wonder why he is so cheap?” “Because I am defective,” came the reply. “I’ve got no legs.” A little surprised the man asked, “Well how do you stay on your perch?” The parrot draws him closer and whispers, “I have a big penis. I just wrap it around the bar and stay put. Go offer the owner 30 bucks for me. He’ll take it.” The man walks out of the store with the parrot and takes him home. They become best of friends. They talk sports, politics, current events. The man could not be happier. One day the man gets home from works and the parrot beckons him over with his wing…“Psst…come here. I need to talk to you.” “What?” “It’s about your wife.” “Yeah, what about her?” “And the postman. Today he knocked and she answered the door in a skimpy black negligee.” “What!” “Yes. And then they embraced in a long passionate kiss,” the parrot went on. “Holy shit…that can’t be possible.” “It is. Then they went over to the couch and she slipped him out of his uniform and then things started to get really steamy.” “Well,” the man asks,“what happened next?” “I don’t know,” said the parrot. “I got a hard on and fell off my perch.”
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/itz_aboudi15"> /u/itz_aboudi15 </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/14iifgt/a_gold_one/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/14iifgt/a_gold_one/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A guy walks into a bar in Mexico, and sees a sign that says “If you can make this donkey laugh we will give you $100”…</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF --></p>
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So the guy goes to the donkey and whispers something in his ear and the donkey starts laughing uncontrollably. Then the guy walks straight to the bartender and collects the $100.
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A week later the guy goes back to the bar and now the sign says “If you can make this donkey stop laughing we will give you $100.” The bartender told the guy that the donkey hasn’t stopped laughing since the last time he was in the bar.
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So the guy walks back to the donkey and in moments the donkey stops laughing!
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The guys goes back to the bartender and collects another $100. The bartender was in complete disbelief and asked the guy “how did you do it?”
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The guy replied, “Well the first time I told him my dick was bigger than his.”
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“And this time?”
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“I showed him.”
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/HelpingHandsUs"> /u/HelpingHandsUs </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/14hufxp/a_guy_walks_into_a_bar_in_mexico_and_sees_a_sign/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/14hufxp/a_guy_walks_into_a_bar_in_mexico_and_sees_a_sign/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A man was walking along the countryside where he notices a lot of sheep and only one shepherd so curiously, he walks over to him and asks</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF --></p>
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A man was walking along the countryside where he notices a lot of sheep and only one shepherd so curiously, he walks over to him and asks
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“Are those sheep yours?”
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“Which ones, the black, or the white?”the shepherd asks.
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“The black ones?”
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“They’re mine.” He said
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“I see, what about the white ones then?”
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“They are also mine.” he replies
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The man thinks of his reply as funny and let it slide.
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The man goes again and asks, “How much wool do they produce?”
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“The black or the white?”shepherd asks again.
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“The black ones.” He says
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“About 20 kilograms.”
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“And the whites?”
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“They also produce 20 kilograms.”
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This time the man gets a little annoyed but still lets it pass.
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“How much milk do they produce?”
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“Which ones, the black or the white?”
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The man holds on to his patience and asks, “The black ones.”
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“About 15 litres per day.”
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“And the whites?” He continues
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“Also 15 litres.”
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The man looses it this time, enraged he says
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“If all of them are yours, produces same amount of milk and wool then why do you always keep asking for them separately?”
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The shepherd calmly replies,
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“You see those black ones, they belonged to my late father.”
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The man becomes a little hesitant after hearing him mention his late father and feels a little apologetic towards the shepherd
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“O-oh I see.”
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“And the white ones?”
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“They also belonged to my father.”
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/warlockzekrom"> /u/warlockzekrom </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/14ic50a/a_man_was_walking_along_the_countryside_where_he/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/14ic50a/a_man_was_walking_along_the_countryside_where_he/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
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