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<title>03 September, 2023</title>
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<title>Covid-19 Sentry</title><meta content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" name="viewport"/><link href="styles/simple.css" rel="stylesheet"/><link href="../styles/simple.css" rel="stylesheet"/><link href="https://unpkg.com/aos@2.3.1/dist/aos.css" rel="stylesheet"/><script src="https://unpkg.com/aos@2.3.1/dist/aos.js"></script></head>
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<h1 data-aos="fade-down" id="covid-19-sentry">Covid-19 Sentry</h1>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" data-aos-anchor-placement="top-bottom" id="contents">Contents</h1>
<ul>
<li><a href="#from-preprints">From Preprints</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-clinical-trials">From Clinical Trials</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-pubmed">From PubMed</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-patent-search">From Patent Search</a></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-preprints">From Preprints</h1>
<ul>
<li><strong>Integrated antigenic and nucleic acid detection in single virions and virion-infected host-derived extracellular vesicles</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
The coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) led to the rapid development of novel assays to improve sensitivities for detecting the virion responsible for the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Despite that, there have been over 767 million reported cases and over 6.9 million deaths worldwide. Therefore, tunable, sensitive, and high-throughput assays are warranted to control future outbreaks. Herein, we developed a tunable in situ assay to selectively sort virions and infected host-derived extracellular vesicles (IHD-EVs) and simultaneously detect their antigens and nucleic acid cargo at a single-particle resolution. The Biochip Antigen and RNA Assay (BARA<sup>TM</sup>) integrates positive immunoselection and infection dynamics to sort particles, immunofluorescence to detect antigens, and fluorescence in situ hybridization to detect nucleic acids. BARATM enhanced sensitivities by detecting biomolecular signatures at the single-particle level, enabling the detection of virions in asymptomatic patients, and genetic mutations in single SARS-CoV-2 virions. Furthermore, BARA<sup>TM</sup> revealed the continued long-term expression of virion-RNA in the IHD-EVs of post-acute sequelae SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC) patients. BARATM was validated on saliva (30 healthy donors and 33 symptomatic and 20 asymptomatic patients) and nasopharyngeal swabs (19 healthy donors and 40 patients), revealing a highly accurate diagnosis by simultaneously detecting the spike glycoprotein and nucleocapsid-encoding RNA on single SARS-CoV-2 virions with sensitivities of 100 % and 95 %, respectively, and specificities of 100 % for both biofluids. Altogether, the single-particle detection of antigens and virion-RNA provides a tunable framework for the diagnosis, monitoring, and mutation screening of current and future outbreaks.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.31.23292825v1" target="_blank">Integrated antigenic and nucleic acid detection in single virions and virion-infected host-derived extracellular vesicles</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Pulmonary function and survival one year after dupilumab treatment of acute moderate to severe COVID-19: A follow up study from a Phase IIa trial</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Background: We previously conducted a Phase IIa randomized placebo-controlled trial of 40 subjects to assess the efficacy and safety of dupilumab use in those hospitalized with COVID-19 (NCT04920916). Based on our pre-clinical data suggesting downstream pulmonary dysfunction with COVID-19 induced type 2 inflammation, we contacted patients from our Phase IIa study at 1 year for assessment of Post Covid-19 Conditions (PCC). Methods: Subjects at 1 year after treatment underwent pulmonary function testing (PFTs), high resolution computed tomography (HRCT) imaging, symptom questionnaires, neurocognitive assessments, and serum immune biomarker analysis, with subject survival also monitored. The primary outcome was the proportion of abnormal PFTs, defined as an abnormal diffusion capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO) or 6-minute walk testing (6MWT) at the 1-year visit. Results: Sixteen of the 29 one-year survivors consented to the follow up visit. We found that subjects who had originally received dupilumab were less likely to have abnormal PFTs compared to those who received placebo (Fishers exact p=0.011, adjusted p=0.058). We additionally found that 3 out of 19 subjects (16%) in the dupilumab group died by 1 year compared to 8 out of 21 subjects (38%) in the placebo group (log rank p=0.12). We did not find significant differences in neurocognitive testing, symptoms or CT chest imaging between treatment groups but observed evidence of reduced type 2 inflammation in those who received dupilumab. Conclusions: We observed evidence of reduced long-term morbidity and mortality from COVID-19 with dupilumab treatment during acute hospitalization when added to standard of care regimens.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.01.23293947v1" target="_blank">Pulmonary function and survival one year after dupilumab treatment of acute moderate to severe COVID-19: A follow up study from a Phase IIa trial</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Toward an Online System to Generate Tailored Infographics: Supporting the Health Information Sharing Needs of Community-Based Organizations</strong> -
<div>
Infographics are an engaging way to share health information with the public, but their relevance and appeal can be improved if they can be tailored to the language, culture, and information needs of their target audience. Digital tools are needed to make such tailoring feasible at scale, and to meet the needs of the community-based organizations (CBOs) that are well-situated to share health information with the public. Here, we describe our progress toward the development of the TailorVis Toolbox, an online system that facilitates infographic tailoring at the level of the CBO and the individual viewer. Incorporated within this project was the participatory design of infographics related to COVID-19 testing and vaccination. The system will be extended to numerous health topics in the future.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://osf.io/8r2cm/" target="_blank">Toward an Online System to Generate Tailored Infographics: Supporting the Health Information Sharing Needs of Community-Based Organizations</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Therapeutic mitigation of measles-like immune amnesia and exacerbated disease after prior respiratory virus infections in ferrets</strong> -
<div>
After years of the COVID-19 pandemic, over 40 million children worldwide are at risk of measles due to delayed vaccination and temporary SARS-CoV-2 viral dominance. Acute measles has a case-fatality rate of ~1%, but most morbidity and mortality arise post-measles due to destruction of pre-existing immune memory by lymphotropic measles virus (MeV), a paramyxovirus of the Morbillivirus genus. MeV-induced immune amnesia is not mitigated by post-exposure vaccination and the impact of unrelated respiratory virus disease history on measles severity has not been defined. We used a lethal canine distemper virus (CDV)-ferret model as surrogate for human morbillivirus disease and employed the orally efficacious broad-spectrum paramyxovirus polymerase inhibitor GHP-88309 to establish measles treatment paradigms. Applying a receptor tropism-intact recombinant CDV with low lethality, we provide in vivo confirmation of the morbillivirus immune amnesia hypothesis and reveal an 8-day advantage of antiviral treatment versus therapeutic vaccination in preserving immune memory. Infection of ferrets with non-lethal influenza A virus (IAV) A/CA/07/2009 (H1N1) or respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) four weeks prior to CDV caused exacerbated CDV disease that rapidly advanced to fatal hemorrhagic pneumonia associated with lung onslaught by commensal bacteria. RNAseq of BAL samples and lung tissue identified CDV-induced expression of trefoil factor (TFF) peptides, which was absent in animals pre-infected with IAV, thus highlighting that immune priming by unrelated respiratory viruses influences morbillivirus infection outcome. Non-invasive pulmonary ferret MRI revealed that severe outcomes of consecutive IAV/CDV infections were prevented by oral GHP-88309 treatment even when initiated after peak clinical signs of CDV. These findings validate the morbillivirus immune amnesia hypothesis, define treatment paradigms for measles, identify prior disease history as risk factor for exacerbated morbillivirus disease, and demonstrate that treating morbillivirus infection with direct-acting oral antivirals provides therapeutic benefit regardless of whether the time window to mitigate primary clinical signs of infection has closed.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.01.555992v1" target="_blank">Therapeutic mitigation of measles-like immune amnesia and exacerbated disease after prior respiratory virus infections in ferrets</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>A response playbook for early detection and population surveillance of new SARS-CoV-2 variants in a regional public health laboratory</strong> -
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Background: Timely genomic surveillance is required to inform public health responses to new SARS-CoV-2 variants. However, the processes involved in local genomic surveillance introduce inherent time constraints. The Regional Innovative Public Health Laboratory in Chicago developed and employed a genomic surveillance response playbook for the early detection and surveillance of emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants. Methods: The playbook outlines modifications to sampling strategies, laboratory workflows, and communication processes based on the emerging variant9s predicted viral characteristics, observed public health impact in other jurisdictions and local community risk level. The playbook outlines procedures for implementing and reporting enhanced and accelerated genomic surveillance, including supplementing whole genome sequencing (WGS) with variant screening by quantitative PCR (qPCR). Results: The ability of the playbook to improve the response to an emerging variant was tested for SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.1. Increased submission of clinical remnant samples from local hospital laboratories enabled detection of a new variant at 1% prevalence with 95% confidence rather than 2% at baseline. Genotyping qPCR concurred with WGS lineage assignments in 99.9% of 1541 samples with results by both methods, and was more sensitive, providing lineage results in 90.4% of 1833 samples rather than 85.1% for WGS, while reducing the time to lineage result from 27 to 7 days. Conclusions: The genomic surveillance response playbook provides a structured, stepwise, and data-driven approach to responding to emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants. These pre-defined processes can streamline workflows and expedite the detection and public health response to emerging variants. Based on the processes piloted during the Omicron BA.1 response, this method has been applied to subsequent Omicron subvariants and can be readily applied to future SARS-CoV-2 emerging variants and other public health surveillance activities.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.01.23293209v1" target="_blank">A response playbook for early detection and population surveillance of new SARS-CoV-2 variants in a regional public health laboratory</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Application of MALDI-MS and Machine Learning to Detection of SARS-CoV-2 and non-SARS-CoV-2 Respiratory Infections.</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Background: Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) could aid the diagnosis of acute respiratory infections (ARI) owing to its affordability and high-throughput capacity. MALDI-MS has been proposed for use on commonly available respiratory samples, without specialized sample preparation, making this technology especially attractive for implementation in low-resource regions. Here, we assessed the utility of MALDI-MS in differentiating SARS-CoV-2 versus non-COVID acute respiratory infections (NCARI) in a clinical lab setting of Kazakhstan. Methods: Nasopharyngeal swabs were collected from in- and outpatients with respiratory symptoms and from asymptomatic controls (AC) in 2020-2022. PCR was used to differentiate SARS-CoV-2+ and NCARI cases. MALDI-MS spectra were obtained for a total of 252 samples (115 SARS-CoV-2+, 98 NCARI and 39 AC) without specialized sample preparation. In our first sub-analysis, we followed a published protocol for peak preprocessing and Machine Learning (ML), trained on publicly available spectra from South American SARS-CoV-2+ and NCARI samples. In our second sub-analysis, we trained ML models on a peak intensity matrix representative of both South American (SA) and Kazakhstan (Kaz) samples. Results: Applying the established MALDI-MS pipeline “as is” resulted in a high detection rate for SARS-CoV-2+ samples (91.0%), but low accuracy for NCARI (48.0%) and AC (67.0%) by the top-performing random forest model. After re-training of the ML algorithms on the SA-Kaz peak intensity matrix, the accuracy of detection by the top-performing Support Vector Machine with radial basis function kernel model was at 88.0, 95.0 and 78% for the Kazakhstan SARS-CoV-2+, NCARI, and AC subjects, respectively with a SARS-CoV-2 vs. rest ROC AUC of 0.983 [0.958, 0.987]; a high differentiation accuracy was maintained for the South American SARS-CoV-2 and NCARI. Conclusions: MALDI-MS/ML is a feasible approach for the differentiation of ARI without a specialized sample preparation. The implementation of MALDI-MS/ML in a real clinical lab setting will necessitate continuous optimization to keep up with the rapidly evolving landscape of ARI.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.31.23294891v1" target="_blank">Application of MALDI-MS and Machine Learning to Detection of SARS-CoV-2 and non-SARS-CoV-2 Respiratory Infections.</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>A mathematical model for multiple COVID-19 waves applied to Kenya</strong> -
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
The COVID-19 pandemic, which began in December 2019, prompted governments to implement non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) to curb its spread. Despite these efforts and the discovery of vaccines and treatments, the disease continued to circulate globally, evolving into multiple waves, largely driven by emerging COVID-19 variants. Mathematical models have been very useful in understanding the dynamics of the pandemic. Mainly, their focus has been limited to individual waves without easy adaptability to multiple waves. In this study, we propose a compartmental model that can accommodate multiple waves, built on three fundamental concepts. Firstly, we consider the collective impact of all factors affecting COVID-19 and express their influence on the transmission rate through piecewise exponential-cum-constant functions of time. Secondly, we introduce techniques to model the fore sections of observed waves, that change infection curves with negative gradients to those with positive gradients, hence, generating new waves. Lastly, we implement a jump mechanism in the susceptible fraction, enabling further adjustments to align the model with observed infection curve. By applying this model to the Kenyan context, we successfully replicate all COVID-19 waves from March 2020 to January 2023. The identified change points align closely with the emergence of dominant COVID-19 variants, affirming their pivotal role in driving the waves. Furthermore, this adaptable approach can be extended to investigate any new COVID-19 variant or any other periodic infectious diseases, including influenza. Keywords: Mathematical model, COVID-19 pandemic, non-pharmaceutical interventions, delay functions, multiple waves
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.01.23294943v1" target="_blank">A mathematical model for multiple COVID-19 waves applied to Kenya</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Characteristics of the sexual networks of gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men in Montréal, Toronto, and Vancouver: implications for the transmission and control of mpox in Canada</strong> -
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Background: The 2022-2023 global mpox outbreak disproportionately affected gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (GBM). In Canada, &gt;70% of cases thus far have been among GBM in Montréal, Toronto, and Vancouver. We examined how the distributions of sexual partners 1) varied by city and over time related to the COVID-19 pandemic and 2) were associated with mpox transmission. Methods: The <i>Engage Cohort Study</i> (2017-2023) recruited GBM via respondent-driven sampling in Montréal, Toronto, and Vancouver (n=2,449). We compared numbers of sexual partners in the past 6 months across cities and three time periods: pre-COVID-19 pandemic (2017-2019), pandemic (2020-2021), and post-restrictions (2021-2023). We modeled the distribution of sexual partner numbers using Bayesian negative binomial regressions and post-stratification, adjusting for sampling design and attrition. We estimated the basic reproduction number (<i>R<sub>0</sub></i>), secondary attack rate (SAR), and cumulative incidence proportion of mpox using the fitted distributions and case timeseries. Results: The pre-COVID-19 pandemic distribution of sexual partner numbers was similar across cities: participants9 mean number of partners was 10.3 (95%CrI: 9.3-11.3) in Montréal, 12.8 (11.1-14.7) in Toronto, and 10.6 (9.41-11.9) in Vancouver. Partner numbers decreased during the pandemic in all cities. Post-restrictions, sexual activity increased but remained well below pre-pandemic levels. Based on reported cases and post-restrictions distributions, the estimated <i>R<sub>0</sub></i> (2.4-2.6) and cumulative incidences (0.6-0.9%) were similar across cities. The estimated average SAR across cities was 79%. Conclusion: GBM sexual activity after restrictions were lifted remained below pre-pandemic levels. Comparable sexual partner distributions across cities may explain similarities in mpox <i>R<sub>0</sub></i> and cumulative incidence across cities. Public health authorities should consider the risk of mpox resurgence for future vaccination and surveillance strategies as sexual activity is expected to recover.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.31.23294912v1" target="_blank">Characteristics of the sexual networks of gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men in Montréal, Toronto, and Vancouver: implications for the transmission and control of mpox in Canada</a>
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<li><strong>Symptom experience before vs. after confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection: a population and case control study using prospectively recorded symptom data.</strong> -
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Background: Some individuals experience prolonged illness after acute COVID-19. We assessed whether pre-infection symptoms affected post-COVID illness duration. Methods Survival analysis was performed in adults (n=23,452) with community-managed SARC-CoV-2 infection prospectively self-logging data through the ZOE COVID Symptom Study app, at least weekly, from 8 weeks before to 12 weeks after COVID-19 onset, conditioned on presence vs. absence of baseline symptoms (4-8 weeks before COVID-19). A case-control study was performed in 1350 individuals with long illness (≥8 weeks, 906 [67.1%] with illness ≥12 weeks), matched 1:1 (for age, sex, body mass index, testing week, prior infection, vaccination, smoking, index of multiple deprivation) with 1350 individuals with short illness (&lt;4 weeks). Baseline symptoms were compared between the two groups; and against post-COVID symptoms. Findings: Individuals reporting baseline symptoms had longer post-COVID symptom duration (from 10 to 15 days) with baseline fatigue nearly doubling duration. Two-thirds (910 of 1350 [67.4%]) of individuals with long illness were asymptomatic beforehand. However, 440 (32.6%) had baseline symptoms, vs. 255 (18.9%) of 1350 individuals with short illness (p&lt;0.0001). Baseline symptoms increased the odds ratio for long illness (2.14 [CI: 1.78; 2.57]). Prior comorbidities were more common in individuals with long vs. short illness. In individuals with long illness, baseline symptomatic (vs. asymptomatic) individuals were more likely to be female, younger, and have prior comorbidities; and baseline and post-acute symptoms and symptom burden correlated strongly. Interpretation: Individuals experiencing symptoms before COVID-19 have longer illness duration and increased odds of long illness. However, many individuals with long illness are well before SARS-CoV-2 infection.
</p>
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<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.30.23294821v1" target="_blank">Symptom experience before vs. after confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection: a population and case control study using prospectively recorded symptom data.</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Observational Study of Repeat Immunoadsorption (RIA) in Post-COVID ME/CFS Patients with Elevated Beta-2-Adrenergic Receptor Autoantibodies</strong> -
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There is increasing evidence for an autoimmune aetiology in post-infectious Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS). SARS-CoV-2 has now become the main trigger for ME/CFS. We have already conducted two small proof-of-concept studies of IgG depletion by immunoadsorption (IA) in post-infectious ME/CFS, which showed efficacy in most patients. This observational study aims to evaluate the efficacy of IA in patients with post-COVID-19 ME/CFS. The primary objective is to assess the improvement in functional ability. Due to the urgency of finding therapies for post-Covid-Syndrome (PCS), we report here the interim results of the first ten patients with seven responders defined by an increase of between 10 and 35 points in the Short-Form 36 Physical Function (SF36-PF) at week four after IA. The results of this observational study will provide the basis for patient selection for a randomised controlled trial (RTC) including sham apheresis and for a RTC combining IA with B-cell depletion therapy.
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<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.31.23294813v1" target="_blank">Observational Study of Repeat Immunoadsorption (RIA) in Post-COVID ME/CFS Patients with Elevated Beta-2-Adrenergic Receptor Autoantibodies</a>
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<li><strong>Changes in child and adolescent mental health across the COVID-19 pandemic (2018-2023): Insights from general population and clinical samples in the Netherlands</strong> -
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Background The COVID-19 pandemic negatively affected child and adolescent mental health and at the end of the pandemic (April 2022) child mental health had not returned to pre‐pandemic levels. We investigated whether this observed increase in mental health problems has continued, halted, or reversed after the end of the pandemic in children from the general population and in children in psychiatric care. Methods We collected parent-reported and child-reported data at two additional post-pandemic time points (November/December 2022 and March/April 2023) in children (8-18 years) from two general population samples (N=818-1056 per measurement) and one clinical sample receiving psychiatric care (N=320-370) and compared these with data from before the pandemic. We collected parent‐reported data on internalizing and externalizing problems with the Brief Problem Monitor (BPM) and self‐reported data on Anxiety, Depressive symptoms, Sleep‐related impairments, Anger, Global health, and Peer relations with the Patient‐Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS). Results In the general population, parents reported no changes in externalizing problems but did report higher internalizing problems post-pandemic than pre-pandemic. Children also reported increased mental health problems post-pandemic, especially in anxiety and depression, to a lesser extent in sleep-related impairment and global health, and least in anger. In the clinical sample, parents reported higher internalizing, but not externalizing problems post-pandemic compared to the start of the pandemic. Children reported greatest increases in problems in anxiety, depression, and global health, to a lesser extent on sleep-related impairment, and least on anger. Conclusions Child mental health problems in the general population are substantially higher post-pandemic compared to pre-pandemic measurements. In children in psychiatric care mental health problems have increased during the pandemic and are substantially higher post-pandemic than at the start of the pandemic. Longitudinal and comparative studies are needed to assess what the most important drivers of these changes are.
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<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.29.23294764v1" target="_blank">Changes in child and adolescent mental health across the COVID-19 pandemic (2018-2023): Insights from general population and clinical samples in the Netherlands</a>
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<li><strong>ISARIC COVID-19 Clinical Data Report: 10 January 2023</strong> -
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ISARIC (International Severe Acute Respiratory and emerging Infections Consortium) partnerships and outbreak preparedness initiatives enabled the rapid launch of standardised clinical data collection on COVID-19 in Jan 2020. Extensive global participation has resulted in a large, standardised collection of comprehensive clinical data from hundreds of sites across dozens of countries. Data are analysed regularly and reported publicly to inform patient care and public health response. This report, our 18th and final report, is a part of a series published over 3 years. Data have been entered for 945,317 individuals from 1807 partner institutions and networks across 76 countries. The comprehensive analyses detailed in this report includes hospitalised individuals of all ages for whom data collection occurred between 30 January 2020 and up to and including 10 January 2023, AND who have laboratory-confirmed SARS-COV-2 infection or clinically diagnosed COVID-19. For the 845,291 cases who meet eligibility criteria for this report, selected findings include: o Median age of 57 years, with an approximately equal (50/50) male:female sex distribution o 29% of the cohort are at least 70 years of age, whereas 6% are 0-19 years of age o The most common symptom combination in this hospitalised cohort is shortness of breath, cough, and history of fever, which has remained constant over time o The five most common symptoms at admission were shortness of breath, cough, history of fever, fatigue/malaise, and altered consciousness/confusion, which is unchanged from the previous reports o Age-associated differences in symptoms are evident, including the frequency of altered consciousness increasing with age, and fever, respiratory and constitutional symptoms being present mostly in those 40 years and above o 15% of patients with relevant data available (845,291) were admitted at some point during their illness into an intensive care unit (ICU), which has decreased from 19% during the 3 years of ISARIC reporting o Antibiotic agents were used in 37% of patients for whom relevant data are available (802,241), a significant reduction from our previous reports (80%) which reflects a shifting proportion of data contributed by different institutions; in ICU/HDU admitted patients with data available (64,669), 90% received antibiotics o Use of corticosteroids was reported in 25% of all patients for whom data were available (809,043); in ICU/HDU admitted patients with data available (64,713), 71% received corticosteroids o Outcomes are known for 762,728 patients and the overall estimated case fatality ratio (CFR) is 22% (95%CI 21.9-22), rising to 36% (95%CI 35.6-36.1) for patients who were admitted to ICU/HDU, demonstrating worse outcomes in those with the most severe disease We thank all the data contributors for their ongoing support.
</p>
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<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.17.20155218v16" target="_blank">ISARIC COVID-19 Clinical Data Report: 10 January 2023</a>
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<li><strong>Can long-term COVID-19 vaccination be improved by serological surveillance?: a modeling study for Mozambique</strong> -
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Seroprevalence provides an estimate of the population-level susceptibility to infection. In this study, we used a transmission model to examine the potential of using serological surveillance to inform the timing of COVID-19 boosters in Mozambique. We simulated using population-level seroprevalence thresholds as an estimate of the risk of outbreaks to trigger the timing of re-vaccination campaigns among older adults. We compare this approach to a strategy of re-vaccination at fixed time intervals. Vaccinating older adults each time the seroprevalence among older adults falls below 50% and 80% resulted in medians of 20% and 71% reduction in deaths, respectively, and number-needed-to-vaccinate to avert one death (NNT) of 1,499 (2.5th-97.5th centile:1,252-1,905) and 3,151 (2,943-3,429), respectively. In comparison, biennial and annual re-vaccination of older adults resulted in medians of 35% and 52% deaths averted, respectively, and NNTs of 1,443 (1,223-1,733) and 1,941 (1,805-2,112), respectively. We conducted sensitivity analysis over a range of antibody waning rates and epidemic scenarios and found that re-vaccination trigger thresholds of 50-60% seroprevalence are most likely to be efficient compared to fixed-time strategies. However, given marginal gains in efficiency even in the best-case scenarios, our results favor the use of simpler fixed-time strategies for long-term control of SARS-CoV-2.
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<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.29.23294793v1" target="_blank">Can long-term COVID-19 vaccination be improved by serological surveillance?: a modeling study for Mozambique</a>
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<li><strong>How will COVID-19 persist in the future? Simulating future dynamics of COVID-19 using an agent-based network model</strong> -
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Despite the United States Center for Disease Control (CDC)9s May 2023 expiration of the declared public health emergency pertaining to the COVID-19 pandemic (Silk 2023), approximately 3 years after the first cases of SARS-CoV-2 appeared in the United Sates, thousands of new cases persist daily. Many questions persist about the future dynamics of SARS-CoV-29s in the United States, including: will COVID continue to circulate as a seasonal disease like influenza, and will annual vaccinations be required to prevent outbreaks? In response, we present an Agent Based Networked Simulation of COVID-19 transmission to evaluate recurrent future outbreaks of the disease, accounting for contact heterogeneity and waning vaccine-derived and natural immunity. Our model is parameterized with data collected as part of the Berkeley Interpersonal Contact Survey (BICS; Feehan and Mahmud 2021) and is used to simulate time series of confirmed cases of and deaths due to SARS-CoV-2, paying special attention to seasonal forces and waning immunity (Kronfeld-Schor et al. 2021; X. Liu et al. 2021; Nichols et al. 2021). From the BICS ABM model we simulate SARS-CoV-2 dynamics over the 10-year period beginning in 2021 with waning immunity and inclusion of annual booster doses under a variety of transmission scenarios. We find that SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks are likely to occur frequently, and that distribution of booster doses during certain times of the year-notably in the late winter/early spring-may reduce the severity of a wintertime outbreak depending on the seasonal epidemiology of the pathogen.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.29.23294791v1" target="_blank">How will COVID-19 persist in the future? Simulating future dynamics of COVID-19 using an agent-based network model</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>The use and acceptability of preprints in health and social care settings: a scoping review</strong> -
<div>
Background: Preprints are open and accessible scientific manuscript or report that is shared publicly, through a preprint server, before being submitted to a journal. The value and importance of preprints has grown since its contribution during the public health emergency of the COVID-19 pandemic. Funders and publishers are establishing their position on the use of preprints, in grant applications and publishing models. However, the evidence supporting the use and acceptability of preprints varies across funders, publishers, and researchers. The scoping review explored the current evidence on the use and acceptability of preprints in health and social care settings by publishers, funders, and the research community throughout the research lifecycle. Methods: A scoping review was undertaken with no study or language limits. The search strategy was limited to the last five years (2017-2022) to capture changes influenced by COVID-19 (e.g., accelerated use and role of preprints in research). The review included international literature, including grey literature, and two databases were searched: Scopus and Web of Science (24 August 2022). Results: 379 titles and abstracts and 193 full text articles were assessed for eligibility. Ninety-eight articles met eligibility criteria and were included for full extraction. For barriers and challenges, 26 statements were grouped under four main themes (e.g., volume/growth of publications, quality assurance/trustworthiness, risks associated to credibility, and validation). For benefits and value, 34 statements were grouped under six themes (e.g., openness/transparency, increased visibility/credibility, open review process, open research, democratic process/systems, increased productivity/opportunities). Conclusions: Preprints provide opportunities for rapid dissemination but there is a need for clear policies and guidance from journals, publishers, and funders. Cautionary measures are needed to maintain the quality and value of preprints, paying particular attention to how findings are translated to the public. More research is needed to address some of the uncertainties addressed in this review.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://osf.io/preprints/socarxiv/nug4p/" target="_blank">The use and acceptability of preprints in health and social care settings: a scoping review</a>
</div></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-clinical-trials">From Clinical Trials</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>THE EFFECT OF ARGININE AND GLUTAMINE ON COVID-19 PATIENTS OUTCOME: A RANDOMIZED CLINICAL TRIAL</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Dietary Supplement: Neomune<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   Universitas Sriwijaya;   M. Djamil General Hospital<br/><b>Completed</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>KAND567 Versus Placebo in Subjects Hospitalized With COVID-19</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   Covid19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Drug: KAND567;   Drug: Microcrystalline cellulose<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Kancera AB<br/><b>Terminated</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A Phase 2/3 2nd Generation E1/E2B/E3-Deleted Adenoviral COVID-19 Vaccine: The TCELLVACCINE TRIAL</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Biological: hAd5-S-Fusion+N-ETSD;   Biological: Placebo (0.9% (w/v) saline)<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   ImmunityBio, Inc.<br/><b>Completed</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Aerobic Training for Rehabilitation of Patients With Post Covid-19 Syndrome</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>:   Post-COVID-19 Syndrome;   Long-COVID-19 Syndrome<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Behavioral: Aerobic Exercise Training<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   University of Witten/Herdecke;   Institut für Rehabilitationsforschung Norderney<br/><b>Completed</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Digital Health Literacy on COVID-19 for All: Co-creation and Evaluation of Interventions for Ethnic Minorities and Chinese People With Chronic Illnesses in Hong Kong</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>:   Digital Health Literacy;   COVID-19<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Behavioral: Digital health literacy intervention<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   The Hong Kong Polytechnic University<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A Pilot Clinical Evaluation of Astepro® Nasal Spray for Management of Early SARS-CoV-2 Infection</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Drug: Experimental: Primary Cohort;   Other: Placebo Comparator: Primary Cohort - Placebo<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   University of Chicago<br/><b>Active, not recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>COVID-19 Vaccination Hesitancy in Adults With Sickle Cell Disease</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>:   Sickle Cell Disease;   COVID-19 Vaccine;   Vaccine Hesitancy<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Behavioral: SCD-specific COVID-19 vaccination information (SCVI) video<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   Duke University;   American Society of Hematology<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Comparative Immunogenicity of Concomitant vs Sequential mRNA COVID-19 and Influenza Vaccinations</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>:   Influenza;   COVID-19;   Influenza Immunogencity;   COVID-19 Immunogenicity<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Biological: Simultaneous Vaccination (Influenza Vaccine and mRNA COVID booster);   Biological: Sequential Vaccination (Influenza vaccine then mRNA COVID booster);   Biological: Sequential Vaccination (mRNA COVID booster then Influenza vaccine)<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   Duke University;   Centers for Disease Control and Prevention;   Arizona State University;   University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center;   University of Pittsburgh;   Washington University School of Medicine;   Valleywise Health;   VA Northeast Ohio Health Care;   Senders Pediatrics<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Effect of Pulmonary Rehabilitation Among Post-COVID-19 Patients in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Bangladesh</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   Pulmonary Pathology<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Behavioral: Pulmonary Rehabilitation<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, Bangladesh<br/><b>Active, not recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Bronchoalveolar Lavage in Recovered From COVID-19 Pneumonia</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   Bronchoalveolar Lavage<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Procedure: Bronchoalveolar Lavage<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   Mohamed Abd Elmoniem Mohamed;   Marwa Salah Abdelrazek Ghanem;   Mohammad Khairy El-Badrawy;   Tamer Ali Elhadidy;   Dalia Abdellateif Abdelghany<br/><b>Completed</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Trial of the Efficacy and Safety of Tianeptine in the Treatment of Covid Fog Symptoms in Patients After COVID-19.</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   Nervous System Diseases<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Drug: Tianeptine;   Drug: Placebo<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   Military Institute od Medicine National Research Institute;   ABM Industries<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Effects of Cognitive-behavioral Therapy for Insomnia in Nurses With Post Covid-19 Condition</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   Cognitive Behavioral Therapy<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Behavioral: cognitive behavioral therapy<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Tri-Service General Hospital<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>The Effectiveness of Natural Resources for Reducing Stress</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>:   Distress, Emotional;   COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Combination Product: Balneotherapy plus complex;   Combination Product: Combined nature resources treatment;   Other: Nature therapy procedure<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   Klaipėda University;   Research Council of Lithuania<br/><b>Active, not recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Study of LAU-7b for the Treatment of Long COVID in Adults</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   Long COVID<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Drug: LAU-7b for 3 cycles;   Drug: LAU-7b for 1 cycle, then placebo;   Other: Placebo for 3 cycles<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Laurent Pharmaceuticals Inc.<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Complementary and Integrative Medicine as an Online Intervention in Patients With Post-covid Syndrome After COVID-19</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   Post-COVID Syndrome<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Behavioral: Complementary and Integrative Medicine online intervention, routine care and book;   Behavioral: Routine care and book<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Charite University, Berlin, Germany<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-pubmed">From PubMed</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Structure and function of SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 main proteases and their inhibition: A comprehensive review</strong> - Severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV) identified in 2003 infected ∼8000 people in 26 countries with 800 deaths, which was soon contained and eradicated by syndromic surveillance and enhanced quarantine. A closely related coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent of COVID-19 identified in 2019, has been dramatically more contagious and catastrophic. It has infected and caused various flu-like symptoms of billions of people in &gt;200 countries, including &gt;6 million…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Antimicrobial effect of oral care gel containing hinokitiol and 4-isopropyl-3-methylphenol against intraoral pathogenic microorganisms</strong> - CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that oral care gel-containing hinokitiol and IPMP has strong biofilm formation inhibitory activity, as well as antifungal and antimicrobial effects against Candida fungi and multiple intraoral pathogenic microorganisms. Therefore, it may be a promising treatment option for oral infections.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Inhibition of the Cellular Deubiquitinase UCHL1 Suppresses SARS-CoV-2 Replication</strong> - No abstract</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Hybrid molecules based on an emodin scaffold. Synthesis and activity against SARS-CoV-2 and <em>Plasmodium</em></strong> - Since the Covid-19 epidemic, it has been clear that the availability of small and affordable drugs that are able to efficiently control viral infections in humans is still a challenge in medicinal chemistry. The synthesis and biological activities of a series of hybrid molecules that combine an emodin moiety and other structural moieties expected to act as possible synergistic pharmacophores in a single molecule were studied. Emodin has been reported to block the entry of the SARS-CoV-2 virus…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>The molecular mechanism of non-covalent inhibitor WU-04 targeting SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro and computational evaluation of its effectiveness against mainstream coronaviruses</strong> - There is an urgent need for highly effective therapeutic agents to interrupt the continued spread of SARS-CoV-2. As a pivotal protease in the replication process of coronaviruses, the 3CLpro protein is considered as a potential target of drug development to stop the spread and infection of the virus. In this work, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were used to elucidate the molecular mechanism of a novel and highly effective non-covalent inhibitor, WU-04, targeting the SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>The use of <em>Ephedra</em> herbs in the treatment of COVID-19</strong> - CONCLUSION: Some plants used in traditional medicine, including the Ephedra herbs, with their active compounds, can be considered a candidate with high potential for the control and prevention of COVID-19.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Integrated network pharmacology analysis and in vitro validation revealed the underlying mechanism of Xiyanping injection in treating coronavirus disease 2019</strong> - CONCLUSION: Through effective network pharmacology analysis and molecular docking, this study suggests that XYP contains many effective compounds that may target COVID-19 related signaling pathways. Moreover, the in vitro experiment confirmed that XYP could inhibit the cytokine storm by regulating genes or proteins related to immune and inflammatory responses.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Engineered clinical-grade mesenchymal stromal cells combating SARS-CoV-2 omicron variants by secreting effective neutralizing antibodies</strong> - CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggested that engineered clinical-grade MSCs secreting effective neutralizing antibodies as cellular production machines had the potential to combat SARS-CoV-2 infection, which provided a new avenue for effectively treating the older and immunocompromised COVID-19 patients.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>CircMIB2 therapy can effectively treat pathogenic infection by encoding a novel protein</strong> - The mRNA therapy is widely used in the treatment of diseases due to its efficient characteristics, and the COVID-19 vaccine is the application of mRNA therapy. However, due to the instability of mRNA, mRNA vaccines often need lots of modifications to ensure its stability. Recent research shows that circRNA with stable RNA structure can encode protein, which provides a new direction for mRNA therapy. Here, we discovered a novel circRNA (circMIB2) derived from E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase MIB2…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Social network, political climate, income inequality, and Americans uptake of monovalent COVID-19 booster</strong> - The COVID-19 pandemic has posed an unprecedented impact on Americans for over three years. To control the damage, a booster shot becomes increasingly necessary because the efficacy of the initial vaccine is waning and new variants of the virus are emerging. This study aims to understand factors at both individual and state levels that influence one’s decision to take the monovalent booster. We merged data from a national survey administered in the Spring of 2022 with state-level indicators of…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Reduced concentration performance and heartbeat-evoked potential in individuals with a history of a SARS-CoV-2 infection</strong> - The goal of characterizing long-term psychological and neural consequences of a SARS-CoV-2 infection has recently gained importance. Here, we examined the effect of a prior SARS-CoV-2 infection on neural markers of exteroceptive (P300) and interoceptive (heartbeat-evoked potential; HEP) signal processing, as well as on neuropsychological tests of attention, inhibition and episodic memory, in 23 adults with a self-reported history of SARS-CoV-2 infection versus 23 healthy controls. We found that…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Posttranslational ISGylation of NLRP3 by HERCs enzymes facilitates inflammasome activation in models of inflammation</strong> - The NOD-, LRR-, and pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is a crucial component of the innate immune system that initiates inflammatory responses. Post-translational modifications (PTMs) of NLRP3, including ubiquitination and phosphorylation, control inflammasome activation and determine the intensity of inflammation. However, the role of other PTMs in controlling NLRP3 inflammasome activation remains unclear. This study founded that toll-like receptor (TLR) priming induced…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>We Cannot Put This Genie Back in the Bottle: Qualitative Interview Study Among Family Medicine Providers About Their Experiences With Virtual Visits During the COVID-19 Pandemic</strong> - CONCLUSIONS: This study highlights the transition from in-person to virtual visits during the pandemic from the perspective of family medicine providers. Generally, family medicine providers’ perceptions of the shift to virtual visits were positive, especially regarding team-based care. Challenges involved virtual inhibition, particularly for providers. Providers described ways they integrated virtual care with aspects of in-person care, creating a hybrid environment. The genie is out of the…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>The Behavioral Inhibition System and Engagement With, and Influence By, COVID-19 and Election-Based Misinformation</strong> - The negative impact of misinformation on public discourse and public safety is increasingly a focus of attention. From the COVID-19 pandemic to national elections, exposure to misinformation has been linked to conflicting perceptions of social, economic, and political issues, which has been found to lead to polarization, radicalization, and acts of violence at the individual and group level. While a large body of research has emerged examining the development and spread of misinformation, little…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Arbidol increases the survival rate by mitigating inflammation in suckling mice infected with human coronavirus OC43 virus</strong> - Human coronavirus OC43 (HCoV-OC43) often causes common cold and is able to neuroinvasive, but it can also induce lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI) especially in children and the elderly adults with underlying diseases. HCoV-OC43 infections currently have no approved antiviral treatment. Arbidol (ARB) is a broad-spectrum antiviral and is an antiviral medication for the treatment of influenza used in Russia and China. Due to its multiple mechanisms of action, such as inhibition of viral…</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-patent-search">From Patent Search</h1>
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<h1 data-aos="fade-down" id="daily-dose">Daily-Dose</h1>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" data-aos-anchor-placement="top-bottom" id="contents">Contents</h1>
<ul>
<li><a href="#from-new-yorker">From New Yorker</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-vox">From Vox</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-the-hindu-sports">From The Hindu: Sports</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-the-hindu-national-news">From The Hindu: National News</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-bbc-europe">From BBC: Europe</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-ars-technica">From Ars Technica</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-jokes-subreddit">From Jokes Subreddit</a></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-new-yorker">From New Yorker</h1>
<ul>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Virtual-Reality School as the Ultimate School Choice</strong> - The conservative education activist Erika Donalds envisions a world where parents unsatisfied with their public schools can opt out by putting their kids in a headset. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/annals-of-education/virtual-reality-school-as-the-ultimate-school-choice">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>The Twilight of Mitch McConnell and the Spectre of 2024</strong> - On the dangerous reign of the octogenarians. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/letter-from-bidens-washington/the-twilight-of-mitch-mcconnell-and-the-spectre-of-2024">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Texas’s Dying Swimming Holes</strong> - Taking a dip in the summer was as central to the state’s identity as barbecue and Willie Nelson. Then came a population boom and climate change. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/letter-from-the-southwest/texass-dying-swimming-holes">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Mark Thompson, CNN’s New White Knight</strong> - After a turbulent year under new ownership, the cable news network is hoping that Mark Thompson, a veteran of the Times and the BBC, can turn things around. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/annals-of-communications/cnns-new-white-knight-mark-thompson">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Hurricane Idalia’s Explosive Power Comes from Abnormally Hot Oceans</strong> - By burning fossil fuels, humans force the oceans to soak up the heat equivalent of a Hiroshima-size bomb, over and over again. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/annals-of-a-warming-planet/hurricane-idalias-explosive-power-comes-from-abnormally-hot-oceans">link</a></p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-vox">From Vox</h1>
<ul>
<li><strong>TikTok has transformed the concert experience</strong> -
<figure>
<img alt="Fans with their arms raised in a crowded stadium." src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/IMbI6CXpvSq8lxcaDNfrHswEpPY=/65x0:3485x2565/1310x983/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_image/image/72607126/1589783862.0.jpg"/>
<figcaption>
Fans rally before Taylor Swift performs during The Eras Tour at SoFi Stadium in Inglewood on August 7, 2023. | Allen J. Schaben / Los Angeles Times via Getty Images
</figcaption>
</figure>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Fans are creating new concert traditions for a new age.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="A7mCzx">
It started with simple nostalgia. In the wake of the pandemic, Craig Powers, a 38-year-old researcher from Tacoma, rediscovered his love for his favorite bands and albums. But as Powers dove deeper and deeper into the music world, he found himself not only returning to beloved artists, but discovering new music and albums. This was largely thanks to <a href="https://www.vox.com/tiktok">TikTok</a>, which constantly served him concert clips of stylistically adjacent musicians via his feed, a broad swath of emo, metalcore, and post-punk artists.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="WYRKIb">
At the peak of this new/old obsession, however, Powers realized a grim truth about social media: Watching bands on TikTok didn’t put money in those artists’ pockets, and streaming residuals are so paltry that listening to albums on <a href="https://www.vox.com/spotify">Spotify</a> or <a href="https://www.vox.com/youtube">YouTube</a> wasn’t enough. If Powers wanted to support all the new bands he was into, he couldn’t just watch concert clips on his feed: He needed to go to the concerts themselves.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="p8tgU8">
So Powers, who tells me he never does “anything half-assed,” started out 2023 with a goal of seeing 30 concerts before the end of the year. The journey he embarked on led him to recapture his love of live music, discover even more bands, and hit his goal far earlier than he expected: He took in concert number 30, Weezer, last month. And of course, he <a href="https://www.tiktok.com/@craigwpowers">documented it all on TikTok</a>, where it all began.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="QkUjqt">
Powers isn’t the only person whose relationship to live entertainment has changed profoundly in recent years. The age of streaming media has brought with it increased access to concert footage, front-row fancams, and highly mobilized fanbases who approach everything about the concert season like it’s their job. From buying tickets (good luck) to prepping for the big night by carefully planning the perfect concert outfit, these fans do it all — and many of them do it on camera, sharing the whole experience with other die-hards online.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="cmIonJ">
Clearly we’re in a new era of concert media — and as with all eras, we’ve both gained and lost a little along the way.
</p>
<h3 id="MV10gq">
These aren’t your mom’s bootlegs
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Nd2NRg">
Across a huge range of genres from K-pop to hardcore, streaming and sharing platforms like TikTok and <a href="https://www.vox.com/instagram-news">Instagram</a> are changing the way people think about streamed concert footage and viral moments from a live event. The savviest artists not only know that their audience will have their phones out, but anticipate it. Last year, Rosalía and TikTok jointly <a href="https://www.teenvogue.com/story/tiktok-and-rosalia-just-got-a-latin-grammy-nomination-together">earned a Latin Grammy nomination</a> for <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y51P8HNpwaM">a music film</a> full of bite-size, clippable moments, all filmed on mobile phones, that aired live on the platform. And Taylor Swift <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KudedLV0tP0">just announced</a> the release of an entire movie of her already-legendary Eras tour — conveniently dropping <em>before</em> the European leg of that tour kicks off.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="jpLrhE">
Livestreamed and social media-boosted concert clips have become so ubiquitous that it’s jarring to look back and remember that for most of the internet’s history, filming concerts at all was verboten. Blogs like <a href="https://www.nyctaper.com/">NYC Taper</a> and <a href="https://bbchron.blogspot.com/">BB Chronicles</a>, alongside an endless rotation of torrent servers, specialized in sharing concert clips and archiving bootleg recordings of vintage concerts. The website <a href="https://relisten.net/">Relisten</a> specializes in curating much of the live concert footage shared on the Internet Archive across decades — everything from the Grateful Dead to bluegrass band Trampled by Turtles. The undertone of all these websites boils down to “please don’t sue us”; many of these blogs include disclaimers stressing that their collections are meant to supplement, not replace, the live concert experience.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="633GU4">
This shamefaced, don’t-ask-don’t-tell approach to bootlegging concerts has long since been obliterated by the seismic shift created by the era of smartphones. Though some artists still <a href="https://mynorthwest.com/3646988/comedians-musicians-adopting-no-phone-policies-shows/">attempt to ban phones</a> and recordings of live concerts, that ship has largely sailed. The order of the day is selfie sticks and vertical zoom. “Put down your phones and dance!” one TikTok user <a href="https://www.tiktok.com/@localconcertbuddy/video/7199025335659138347">opined</a> earlier this year, only to be met with a chorus of users responding that they could hold their phones and dance at the same time.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="AEx6ur">
The mass mainstreaming of pop music fandoms has also profoundly changed the audience’s approach to concerts. In particular, <a href="https://www.vox.com/culture/21258262/k-pop-essential-playlist-guide-for-beginners">K-pop stan culture</a>, with its extremely structured process for the concert experience, has profoundly impacted the way fanbases across the world approach live performances: They are to be filmed, micro-analyzed, edited into fancams and bite-size, social-ready clips, and spread across the internet.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Qls05M">
Fans come to these concerts dressed to the nines, armed with fan chants, merch, <a href="https://thesoulofseoul.net/a-guide-to-kpop-lightsticks-what-to-know-and-where-to-get-them/">lightsticks</a>, and other shows of support like <a href="https://www.cosmopolitan.com/entertainment/celebs/a43948812/taylor-swift-friendship-bracelets-eras-tour-explained/">Swifties’ friendship bracelets</a>. Whether it’s through chants, sing-along, or call-and-response, many concerts are also more interactive than ever, and the expectation for audience engagement is high. Fans who show up for Beyoncé’s Renaissance tour better come prepared to carry their half of the performance. Meanwhile, Swifties now have so many fanchants they <a href="https://www.latimes.com/entertainment-arts/story/2023-07-31/the-unofficial-fan-chants-to-learn-ahead-of-taylor-swifts-la-shows">require explainers</a>. “Eras tour is becoming more and more like the rocky horror picture show and i love it,” one fan <a href="https://www.tiktok.com/@tyvid5/video/7225499245938527534">commented</a> on a viral fanchant video from April, referring to the cult film whose famously interactive screenings have become a pop culture staple.
</p>
<div id="8RpDS5">
<blockquote cite="https://www.tiktok.com/@.hilarycortez/video/7273396658535206186" class="tiktok-embed">
<section>
<a href="https://www.tiktok.com/@.hilarycortez?refer=embed" target="_blank" title="@.hilarycortez">@.hilarycortez</a>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Tonight was phenomenal <a href="https://www.tiktok.com/tag/renaissancetour?refer=embed" target="_blank" title="renaissancetour">#renaissancetour</a> <a href="https://www.tiktok.com/tag/renaissanceworldtour?refer=embed" target="_blank" title="renaissanceworldtour">#renaissanceworldtour</a> <a href="https://www.tiktok.com/tag/santaclara?refer=embed" target="_blank" title="santaclara">#santaclara</a> <a href="https://www.tiktok.com/tag/beyonce?refer=embed" target="_blank" title="beyonce">#beyonce</a> <a href="https://www.tiktok.com/tag/fyp?refer=embed" target="_blank" title="fyp">#fyp</a> <a href="https://www.tiktok.com/tag/foryou?refer=embed" target="_blank" title="foryou">#foryou</a> <a href="https://www.tiktok.com/tag/renaissance?refer=embed" target="_blank" title="renaissance">#renaissance</a>
</p>
<a href="https://www.tiktok.com/music/original-sound-7273396703275846442?refer=embed" target="_blank" title="♬ original sound - Lily ">♬ original sound - Lily </a>
</section>
</blockquote>
</div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Z90JOz">
“Because of social media, in the last 10 to 12 years I’ve seen a shift from people just wearing jeans and a band T-shirt to concerts to curating looks wholly designed to be pictured on social media,” Sara Sirignano, a 23-year-old fan from Cleveland, told me. Sirignano and her friends “ritually plan[ned] out our outfits for weeks [and] months ahead” of shows, she said.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="uHxSUT">
“Genuinely would rather skip the show than not have a good outfit planned for it,” she joked. She’s seen multiple concerts this year, but the highlight, she told me, was catching the Lumineers in London and Harry Styles in Frankfurt, Germany, while on a backpacking trip through Europe.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="QPLEDx">
When she wasn’t seeing the shows in person, she was glued, like millions of other fans, to livestreams of Taylor Swift’s Eras tour — a production so regimented that multiple fans told me they knew the setlist and knew exactly which time to tune in every night during the tour to see which “surprise” song Taylor would be singing that night. Powers’ friends would tune in from the local bar and inform their bar mates what the surprise Taylor song was. Sirignano would bond nightly over the livestream with her sisters, who live in other states.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Zsu5lR">
Concert livestreams, in essence, have become an extension of the live event for millions of fans. This hybrid experience is uniquely defined both by this era of streaming and this era of <a href="https://www.vox.com/internet-culture">fandom</a>. Liz, a 22-year-old BTS fan from Los Angeles, traveled to multiple cities across the US and Canada to see BTS rapper Min Yoon-gi (a.k.a.<strong> </strong>Suga<strong> </strong>and Agust D) on his solo tour this year, and still livestreamed most of the concerts she didn’t get to see in person.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="3KcwwG">
“I was hunting down livestream links so I could watch every stop,” she told me. In privately recorded footage she shared with me, she and her friends watched the livestream of the final concert of the tour. There’s a dramatic moment when the stage goes dark unexpectedly, right before Suga brings out a special guest. Because they all knew the setlist so well by that point, Liz and friends start screaming excitedly before anything has even happened onstage.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="t2CXQQ">
“There’s a super special type of joy when there’s a surprise on tour like a special guest or a new song,” Liz said. But, she stressed, “Even without the surprise, we were having a great time watching the same setlist for like … honestly the 20th time probably.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="EUvIkg">
This seems to prove all prior hesitation about allowing fans to record and share the artist’s copyrighted material extremely wrong. There’s a tangible benefit to encouraging this level of fandom and even this remote form of the live concert-going experience. Indeed, many fans expect that they’ll be able to view concert streams and clips in advance as a form of homework and engagement with the concert and the music itself. Multiple fans I spoke to described learning the setlists for bands they were going to see on popular sites like <a href="https://www.setlist.fm/">Setlist.fm</a>, which has over 7 million setlists contributed by fans. This allows them to both familiarize themselves with the music and plan their arrival and departure times.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Z7fhw7">
For some, fans uploading concert footage and giving tips can also help alleviate anxiety around the logistics of concert planning. TikTok’s <a href="https://www.tiktok.com/tag/concerttips">#concerttips</a> tag is full of <a href="https://www.tiktok.com/@rileysconcertfootage/video/7270621512867089707">vital information</a> like when and how to buy tickets, where in the venue you want to sit, and how to prep for hours of concert activity. <a href="https://www.tiktok.com/@yomrants/video/7153284077183880453">Phone etiquette</a> is a big subject as well: Reminders to bring your charger or a battery pack, free up storage for concert videos, and tips for how to get the best-quality concert footage when you record.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="eStmPI">
The assumption that audiences <em>will</em> be recording is striking: No one I spoke with had any issues with the abundance of phones at concerts; not even the <a href="https://www.vox.com/culture/23835782/concert-attack-cardi-b-pink-ashes-movie-theater">recent spate of unruly concert disruptions</a> seemed to dampen fan enthusiasm. At this point in the life of the modern live event, there’s a built-in acknowledgment that the “live” part has already been mediated in multiple ways before the fan even arrives at the venue: By the concert clips you’ve already seen, by the setlists you’ve already memorized, by the big screens that help you see the singer, and by the phone you already have in your hand.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="BdZaZe">
<a href="https://www.latimes.com/entertainment-arts/music/story/2022-03-10/mitski-bruno-mars-silk-sonic-cell-phones-concerts">That shift has been hard</a> for some artists to adjust to. “When I’m on stage and look to you but you are gazing into a screen, it makes me feel as though those of us on stage are being taken from and consumed as content, instead of getting to share a moment with you,” the artist Mitski <a href="https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/mitski-phones-statement-tour-1312596/">wrote last year</a> in a since-deleted <a href="https://www.vox.com/twitter">Twitter</a> thread. “Concerts are weird now,” <a href="https://mashable.com/article/concert-culture-tiktok-matty-healy-harry-styles">Mashable opined</a> in January, arguing that the so-called <a href="https://sarahalessandrini.substack.com/p/tiktokification-tik-tok-music-industry">TikTokification</a> of concerts reduced elaborate stages to short viral clips and ruined their spontaneity.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="TPJZWR">
All this anxiety invites the question, then: If we already know what we’re getting before we roll up to the stadium, and if we’re not present in the moment because we’re on our phones filming, is there anything left to the “live” experience beyond what social media has already provided?
</p>
<h3 id="RmMsSH">
Livestreams can tap into the experience — but live performance still retains its power
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="3tiDyZ">
In a word, yes.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="1UjPBN">
“It started from the moment we got out of our car in the parking garage and started walking toward the arena,” Morgan Strehlow, a 33-year-old literary agent from Pennsylvania, told me about seeing Harry Styles in concert. “It did feel like a really powerful experience to be there among kind and joyful people and experience the unifying force of a passionate fandom.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="cPYuK0">
For Strehlow and her sister, who live in different states, bonding over first Swift and then Styles had been a major post-pandemic highlight. Like Powers, Strehlow fell into her latest fandom obsession because of her TikTok feed. “I was indifferent before his tour went viral on TikTok,” she said. Once he was on her feed regularly, however, she said she realized: “His music and messages he spreads are really deep and meaningful and soulful. I loved that. I loved the inclusive fan base and concert environment he fostered and how he creates spaces to celebrate all kinds of love. So I wanted to go experience that, too.” She gifted her sister with tickets to one of Styles’s Austin shows last year. The two of them also saw Swift’s Eras tour and had kept up with the livestreams as well — but Strehlow stressed there was no substitute for the live experience.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="xTqVDD">
“So much of the concert experience for both Styles and Taylor Swift was about experiencing the stadium/arena full of shared joy and delight and love,” she said, “love for the music and the artist, and love for what they represent.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="f1awPG">
Some social media users have <a href="https://www.tiktok.com/@nowthis/video/7212750390901624107">expressed concerns</a> about being spoiled for concerts. On TikTok, Sirignano admitted, she’d had to try to avoid being spoiled for the Eras tour. “The Taylor concert and Harry concerts are always everywhere online,” she said. “Clips are unavoidable.” She recalled failing to avoid a major “spoiler” for one of Styles’s surprise performances — <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZATxsSekgV0">a Halloween cover</a> of Britney Spears’s “Toxic” — after fans found out about the song in advance and “ruined it” by spreading it online.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="SPcwKz">
For Taylor, she said, “I was able to keep a lot of it a secret by consciously deciding to avoid it. But it is something you have to work hard to do.” Some artists try to maintain secrecy for as long as possible. When Beyoncé promoted her Renaissance tour on Instagram in May, she <a href="https://www.instagram.com/p/CsFSCtNMvrO/">posted footage without sound</a>, leaving fans excited to learn what songs accompanied each clip.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="d5WAl9">
Still, no one I spoke to felt like the presence of online streaming ultimately detracted from the main event. Fans also stressed that the little things all add up to make a huge experience. “I think getting ready with each other, listening to music, eating, drinking, taking photos, talking about what we’re most excited about for the show, etc., is almost half the fun of the show itself,” Sirignano told me. “I’ve been to Declan McKenna, Maisie Peters, Harry Styles, Taylor Swift, [and] Sabrina Carpenter, in the last few months alone, and we went through that ritual for each show.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="A2HwV1">
“If it’s a good moment, it’s gonna feel exciting no matter what,” Liz told me. “Yes, knowing that a song is coming is one thing, but <em>experiencing it</em> live is still magical. Plus the stage mix always hits different, and live vocals are fire.” And after all, she said, “You go because live music is <em>good</em>.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="QD7qJc">
Plus, there’s one thing that no amount of livestreaming can replicate: Community in a shared space, a.k.a. “<a href="https://www.vox.com/culture/23835782/concert-attack-cardi-b-pink-ashes-movie-theater">collective effervescence</a>.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="iPVtXG">
“I have gained a greater appreciation for the work the artists put in, and I’ve rediscovered my love of live music,” Powers said. “I’ve also developed new friendships and deepened those with friends that attend shows with me.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="QGQknT">
“I remember in 2020 having a conversation with my sister about we would probably never go to another concert ever again and just kind of accepting that as the future,” Strehlow said. “But when we got the chance to finally go to one, and for an artist we loved, we were certainly not going to take it for granted.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="T1BH7l">
As for whether livestreaming detracts from the experience in any way, she said it was all yummy apples to delicious oranges.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="nE8a6T">
“Livestreaming makes concerts more accessible to those who can’t buy tickets or travel for whatever reason,” she said. “A gift! Gathering with tens of thousands of delighted fans to see our favorite artist perform our favorite songs <em>live</em> and in person … A gift! Having the option to log off TikTok until my show … or having the option to stay home but still not totally missing out on the tour? Gifts!”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="6VjltI">
In other words, if you’re feeling put off by too much social media in your concert-going habits, maybe it’s time for a reset — or time to broaden your horizons and learn to appreciate the many new ways fans are adjusting and expanding what it means to “attend” a concert in 2023.
</p></li>
<li><strong>A Canadian study gave $7,500 to homeless people. Here’s how they spent it.</strong> -
<figure>
<img alt="A man holds a sign reading Canada: Land of the homeless. " src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/XMA-HV8qzmvlBtRO4mlYvVPnPkw=/313x0:3782x2602/1310x983/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_image/image/67694954/canada_homeless_GettyImages_96726662.0.jpg"/>
<figcaption>
A man protests homelessness in Vancouver. Around 235,000 Canadians experience homelessness each year, and the rates continue to rise. | Mark Ralston/AFP via Getty Images
</figcaption>
</figure>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
The results show the power of cash transfers to reduce homelessness.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="llPof8">
Ray, a man in his 50s, used to live in an emergency homeless shelter in Vancouver, Canada. Then he participated in a study that changed his life. He was able to pay for a place to live and courses to prepare him for his dream job.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="WHXa3C">
The <a href="https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.2222103120">newly published, peer reviewed PNAS study</a>, conducted by the charity <a href="https://forsocialchange.org/">Foundations for Social Change</a> in partnership with the University of British Columbia, was fairly<strong> </strong>simple. It identified 50 people in the Vancouver area who had become homeless in the past two years. In spring 2018, it gave them each one lump sum of $7,500 (in Canadian dollars). And it told them to do whatever they wanted with the cash.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="ZLwmfm">
“At first, I thought it was a little far-fetched — too good to be true,” Ray said. “I went with one of the program representatives to a bank and we opened up a bank account for me. Even after the money was there, it took me a week for it to sink in.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="RgCrje">
Over the next year, the study followed up with the recipients periodically, asking how they were spending the money and what was happening in their lives. Because they were participating in a randomized controlled trial, their outcomes were compared to those of a control group: 65 homeless people who didn’t receive any cash. Both cash recipients and people in the control group got access to workshops and coaching focused on developing life skills and plans.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="qUxcJV">
Separately, the research team conducted a survey, asking 1,100 people to predict how recipients of an unconditional $7,500 transfer would spend the cash. They predicted that recipients would spend 81 percent more on “temptation goods” like alcohol, drugs, or tobacco if they were homeless than if they were not.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="wDWHO2">
The results proved that prediction wrong. The recipients of the cash transfers did not increase spending on drugs, tobacco, and alcohol, but did increase spending on food, clothes, and rent, according to self-reports. What’s more, they moved into stable housing faster and saved enough money to maintain financial security over the year of follow-up.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="G1TRWZ">
“Counter to really harmful stereotypes, we saw that people made wise financial choices,” Claire Williams, the CEO of Foundations for Social Change, told me.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="NfeCmD">
The study, though small, offers a counter to the myths that people who become poor get that way because they’re bad at rational decision-making and self-control, and are thus intrinsically to blame for their situation, and that people getting free money will blow it on frivolous things or addictive substances. <a href="https://www.givedirectly.org/research-on-cash-transfers/">Studies have</a> <a href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/research/dime/brief/Cash-Transfers-and-Temptation-Goods">consistently shown</a> that cash transfers don’t increase the consumption of “temptation goods”; they either decrease it or have no effect on it.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="jMrVgg">
“I have been working with people experiencing homelessness as a family physician for years and I am in no way surprised that the people who received this cash used it wisely,” Gary Bloch, <a href="https://www.vox.com/future-perfect/2019/5/3/18524482/canada-health-doctor-prescribing-money-income-poverty">a Canadian doctor who prescribes money to low-income patients</a>, told me.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="buGxgg">
“It should be fairly self-evident by now that providing cash to people who are very low-income will have a positive effect,” he added. “We have seen that in other work (conditional cash transfer programs in Latin America, guaranteed annual income studies in Manitoba), and I would expect a similar outcome here.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="BXYGzj">
What’s more, according to Foundations for Social Change, giving out the cash transfers in the Vancouver area actually saved the broader society money. Enabling 50 people to move into housing faster saved the shelter system $8,277 per person over the year, for a total savings of $413,850. That’s more than the value of the cash transfers, which means the transfers pay for themselves.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="dqlLZn">
The research team also looked at what’s effective at changing the public perception about cash transfers to homeless people. They found that pointing out how cash transfers actually produce net savings for society, as well as showing how homeless people spend the money, are both effective ways to counter stereotypes among the public.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="bTzsuP">
“People think that the status quo is cheap, but it’s actually incredibly expensive,” Williams said. “So why don’t we just give people the cash they need to transform their lives?”
</p>
<h3 id="JCX2uv">
The benefits — and limitations — of giving people free money
</h3>
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Williams developed the idea for experiment, called the New Leaf Project, when her co-founder sent her a link to a 2014 TED talk by the historian <a href="https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2019/7/26/8909436/rutger-bregman-utopia-for-realists-ubi-open-borders">Rutger Bregman</a> titled <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aIL_Y9g7Tg0">“Why we should give everyone a basic income.”</a> It argued that the most effective way to help people is to simply give them cash.
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The general idea behind basic income — that the government should give every citizen a monthly infusion of free money with no strings attached — has gained momentum in the past few years, with <a href="https://www.vox.com/future-perfect/2020/2/19/21112570/universal-basic-income-ubi-map">several countries running pilot programs to test it</a>.
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And the evidence so far shows that getting a basic income tends to boost <a href="https://www.vox.com/future-perfect/2019/2/9/18217566/finland-basic-income">happiness</a>, <a href="https://www.vice.com/en_us/article/nze99z/the-mincome-experiment-dauphin">health</a>, <a href="https://www.centreforpublicimpact.org/case-study/basic-income-grant-big-namibia/">school attendance</a>, and <a href="https://www.vox.com/2019/4/6/18297452/finland-basic-income-free-money-canada">trust in social institutions</a>, while <a href="https://publicpolicy.wharton.upenn.edu/live/files/308-summary-universal-basic-income">reducing crime</a>. Recipients generally spend the money on <a href="https://www.vox.com/future-perfect/2019/10/8/20902839/universal-basic-income-stockton-trial">necessities like food, clothes, and utility bills</a>.
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But Williams and her collaborators decided that rather than give people monthly payments, they’d give one big lump sum. “The <a href="https://www.princeton.edu/haushofer/publications/Haushofer_Shapiro_UCT_QJE_2016.pdf">research</a> shows that if you give people a larger sum of cash upfront, it triggers long-term thinking,” as opposed to just keeping people in survival mode, Williams explained. “You can’t think about maybe registering for a course to advance your life when you don’t have enough money to put food on the table. The big lump sum at the front end gives people a lot more agency.”
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That’s what it did for Ray. In addition to getting housing, he used the cash transfer to take the courses he needed to become a front-line worker serving people with addictions. “Now I can work in any of the shelters and community centers in the area,” he told me, adding that receiving a cash transfer had felt like a vote of confidence. “It gives the person their own self-esteem, that they were trusted.”
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Not everyone was eligible for a cash transfer, however. The study only enrolled participants who’d been homeless for under two years, with the idea that early intervention most effectively reduces the risk of people incurring trauma as a result of living without a home. And people with severe mental health or substance use issues were screened out of the initiative. Williams said this was not out of a belief that there are “deserving poor” and “undeserving poor” — a woefully <a href="https://www.theatlantic.com/business/archive/2012/12/the-undeserving-poor/266507/">persistent frame on poverty</a> — but out of a desire to avoid creating a risk of harm and to ensure the highest likelihood of success.
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“If there was null effect from people receiving the cash, from an investor perspective it could be seen as a ‘waste of money’ because it didn’t actually demonstrate impact in somebody’s life,” Williams said. “We just wanted to start small, and the idea is that with subsequent iterations we’ll start relaxing those parameters.”
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She also said it was a difficult decision to include a control group of people who wouldn’t receive any cash, but ultimately, the control group was deemed necessary to prove impact. “We knew that we needed the rigor, because people would be skeptical about giving people cash. We wanted that evidence base that can assuage some of people’s concerns when they want to see the hard facts,” she told me.
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Going forward, the research team plans to try replicating this study with a much bigger sample of people, and expanding it to other cities in Canada and the US. Based on feedback from study participants and a Lived Experience Advisory Panel — a group of people who’ve experienced homelessness — the team will offer a new array of non-cash supports to both the cash recipients and the control group, including a free smartphone.
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The team also hopes to work with other populations, like people exiting prison and people exiting sex work. To Williams, the time feels ripe.
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“I think the pandemic has really softened people’s attitudes to the need for an emergency cash payment when people fall upon hard times,” she said.
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In fact, Canadian lawmakers are currently considering a <a href="https://www.parl.ca/DocumentViewer/en/44-1/bill/S-233/first-reading#:~:text=SUMMARY,with%20respect%20to%20the%20framework">bill</a> that would create a national framework for a guaranteed income to cover basic living expenses for people over age 17. That would include temporary workers, permanent residents, and refugee claimants.
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It’s worth noting that cash on its own probably isn’t enough to end homelessness.
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“While I have no problem with providing cash to people who need money, the solution to homelessness is housing,” Bloch told me. “Especially in a city like Vancouver where housing supply is low and rents are astronomical, it will be very hard to sustain a homelessness intervention without offering long-term affordable housing. I would not want to see these findings used to take pressure off the critical need to provide both long-term affordable housing and long-term income security.”
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That said, Bloch added, “If this study serves to counteract some people’s perception that people who are homeless and/or low-income can’t be trusted with extra income, that’s great. It’s a myth we need to bury once and for all.”
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<em><strong>Update, September 2, 8 am: </strong></em><em>This story was originally published on October 27, 2020, and has been updated to include details about the peer-reviewed study on the New Leaf Project, and about Canada’s guaranteed income bill. </em>
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<a href="https://www.vox.com/future-perfect-newsletter"><em><strong>Sign up for the Future Perfect newsletter</strong></em></a>. <em>Twice a week, you’ll get a roundup of ideas and solutions for tackling our biggest challenges: improving public health, decreasing human and animal suffering, easing catastrophic risks, and — to put it simply — getting better at doing good. </em>
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<li><strong>Consider the road trip</strong> -
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<img alt="An illustration of a car parked on the edge of a cliff, as a man and a dog sit and look out at a beach in the distance." src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/AdQAZJAtqUU44SKO4Y86ql1prrI=/164x0:4735x3428/1310x983/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_image/image/72604974/GettyImages_1326411737.0.jpg"/>
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Avoid the airport chaos, roll your windows down, and take to the road for a trip to remember. | Getty Images/fStop
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Airports are a nightmare. What about driving instead?
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The theory of relativity is felt most strongly in a vehicle. A broken AC, busted speakers, or your brother-in-law’s stories from his frat days can make the miles pass so slowly, you wonder if the universe needs a change of battery. Yet, sitting shotgun with the love of your life with a perfect windows-down breeze, it feels like you could drive for days.
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There’s only so much you can control inside a car, and how much you prepare will make all the difference in how your ride feels. So if you’re planning a long car trip and the road ahead feels daunting, we’ve gathered some tips from experts to help. I personally became an expert last year, by surviving, nay, thriving, on a 10-day trip moving from one corner of the country to the other.
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Here’s how you can put more joy into travel on the open road.
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Why the car?
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The open road has become the shinier option again as airports around the country descend into madness. The shortage of <a href="https://www.cbsnews.com/news/the-future-of-flying-more-delays-more-cancellations-more-chaos/">32,000</a> commercial pilots, mechanics, and air traffic controllers is estimated to cause issues for the next 10 years.
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Even if you avoid the long security lines and the nearly <a href="https://www.transtats.bts.gov/OT_Delay/OT_DelayCause1.asp?20=E">one out of every four</a> flights that are delayed, you’re packed tight with The Others, unable to move your elbows without having to apologize. Of course a plane is faster than a car, but if you factor in the 90-minute arrival window, drive to the airport, luggage wait time, and driving to your destination, it may be closer in duration than you might initially think.
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In your own car, there’s a looser limit on what you can pack, and you can take more than a three-day supply of shampoo. Plus, driving yourself can save you the trouble of needing to book a rental car for your destination.
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In a <a href="https://www.utires.com/articles/road-trips-survey/">survey by United Tires</a>, almost nine out of 10 people said road trips are “one of the best ways for families to bond.” Or kill each other. Let’s help you make it the first one.
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Primp and prep your ride
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“Do we need seat cushions?” I texted my best friend.
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“No,” she responded so quickly that I was sure she knew my Amazon cart was full of anxiety purchases. She would soon fly to Seattle to drive with me and all my worldly possessions 2,993 miles to Florida, across the street from her house, where I was moving. I was determined to make sure that the 43 hours we would spend in the car together would not be a stress test of our friendship.
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I was in disaster-prevention mode. How could we keep the vibe high?
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I tried to think of anything that could be mildly annoying. My first thought was the sun. For this, I got two sets of sun shades, and they were the MVP of the trip. The <a href="https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B00X2TUW1I/ref=ppx_yo_dt_b_asin_title_o06_s02?ie=UTF8&amp;psc=1">first set</a> expanded on wire rims and stuck to the glass, and were see-through. They gave us shade, but didn’t black out the outside world entirely.
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The <a href="https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B0B2PYX8ZJ/ref=ppx_yo_dt_b_asin_title_o06_s01?ie=UTF8&amp;th=1">second set</a> came in the shape of each window of the vehicle, and used magnets to stick to the frame, providing a complete opaque box. This made security easier, with no one being able to see in the car. It also made it into a dressing room when needed.
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I purchased <a href="https://www.amazon.com/dp/B09XJ6MV2B/ref=syn_sd_onsite_desktop_0?ie=UTF8&amp;pd_rd_plhdr=t&amp;th=1">seat belt covers</a>, so that in our summer tank tops, we didn’t have rough straps digging into our collarbones. Even to this day, when people get in my car, they feel them and say “Ooh.”
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I probably didn’t need the <a href="https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B07RM1PRLS/ref=ppx_yo_dt_b_asin_title_o04_s00?ie=UTF8&amp;th=1">padded steering wheel cover</a>, but you know what, that breathable microfiber was a lifesaver on my sweaty hands driving at noon in the Nebraska sun.
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The glove compartment had reading material, wipes, and napkins. I made sure a cooler was accessible, and to keep things exciting, I brought bougie treats to ration out across the journey, from smoked salmon to a ginger dark chocolate bar. We packed reusable plastic plates and bamboo cutlery to reduce waste.
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I also organized the hell out of the car. I have one of those deep center consoles, and I put mini Tupperware in there to separate and store coins, cords, and various sauce packets I’ve collected, a habit I became more serious about since I heard about <a href="https://www.today.com/food/man-trapped-snow-5-days-survived-taco-bell-hot-sauce-t149767">that man</a> trapped in his snowed-in vehicle who survived five days on <a href="https://www.newsweek.com/man-eats-sauce-packets-taco-bell-survive-five-days-trapped-snow-fire-sauce-1350018">Taco Bell hot sauce</a>. My best friend mocked this sauce container, until she got a gas station sandwich on the very last day that, lo and behold, lacked both mayo and mustard, two mainstays stocked in the sauce container.
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Safety first
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If you’re handy, you can check out your car yourself. Look at the brakes, tires, and fluids. But if you’re anything like me, you should get a professional thumbs up.
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“If you’re maintaining your car properly, you may not need to take it to a mechanic or a technician to have them take a look at it,” said David Bennett of AAA, an ASE master certified technician with more than 35 years in the industry. Be sure to head to the mechanic shop well in advance of your road trip — don’t take your car in the week of or day before your trip. “If something’s wrong, and they have to order a part, you want to give them time to be able to do that,” Bennett said.
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AAA’s <a href="https://www.aaa.com/autorepair/articles/what-to-have-in-your-car-emergency-kit">emergency kit list</a> includes a flashlight and extra batteries, first-aid supplies, drinking water, non-perishable snacks for both people and pets, car battery booster cables, emergency flares or reflectors, a rain poncho, a basic tool kit, duct tape, gloves, and shop rags or paper towels. May I also recommend peanut M&amp;Ms?
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Bennett also suggests bringing a blanket or towel to lie down on in case you need to look under the car, and gloves in case things get messy (or in case the chocolate melts).
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Other safety tips include a paper map, because you never know when GPS can fail. And also, please, get a phone holder that <em>actually</em> holds the phone. Not the one you bought off Instagram with a suction cup that couldn’t hold a pouf to a shower tile. Who wants to spend time searching the floor of the passenger side for your iPhone? It’s as annoying as it is unsafe.
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Speaking of emergencies, let’s talk music. Download your playlists in advance so you don’t lose your flow. I have a playlist called “<a href="https://open.spotify.com/playlist/5FSKLd6UqYe13ZxC2i41Vd?si=zxUpm4quTTyYV0E8WLJRwA">Belting</a>,” which is my favorite list to sing, and you may create more harmony in the car if you use Spotify’s Blend feature, which creates playlists that pull from each person’s taste.
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It’s a great idea to discuss the entertainment ahead of time. If you run out of things to talk about, you might have lined up a podcast you both want to check out. If you’re not lucky enough to be traveling with someone you’re particularly close to, it might be a good idea to fill the air with an audiobook.
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“If you’re traveling with a friend, have them bring their favorite album, or their favorite mix or whatever,” said Bennett, “and see if maybe you’ll learn something new.”
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Plan for the what-ifs
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While you’re out there on the open road, you still have to think about being prepared.
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“I would not let your gas tank fall below a quarter of a tank at any point in time,” Bennett said. “Because you never know when you could get stuck. We’ve seen it in wintertime. We’ve seen it in summertime.”
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It’s only when people are stuck for hours that they usually remember that gas is their entire power source on the road. You need gas for heating and for cooling, as well as the radio and even to charge your phone.
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He also suggested packing a cooler with drinks and food, evoking the <a href="https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/cars-far-can-see-drivers-stranded-hours-95-virginia-winter-storm-rcna10840">2022 I-95 shutdown in Virginia</a> that had some people locked in their vehicles overnight.
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“Plan ahead for the what-ifs,” he said.
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Aside from entertainment, it’s good to come with at least a loose route and stopping plan. The king of the road trip apps in my opinion is <a href="https://roadtrippers.com/plus/?utm_source=bing&amp;utm_medium=cpc&amp;utm_campaign=381870787&amp;adgroupid=1168781278804493&amp;utm_content=73048917301496&amp;utm_term=roadtrippers&amp;matchtype=e&amp;network=s&amp;device=c&amp;msclkid=724b04309b0a16adcc5160e553f00493">Roadtrippers</a>, which allows you to create a trip and search along the route for everything from places to camp to restaurants to mechanics. You can add stops to your trip, and get automatic estimated drive time and gas cost. You can add collaborators to share the trip, so that your passenger has a way to find out how much time you have left without interrupting your high notes during “Bohemian Rhapsody.”
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Roadtrippers has the option to get offline maps, but it’s still a good idea to bring a printed map for any location you’re planning to drive through.
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Who are you wearing?
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“It’s all about the clothing,” said Brandon Schultz, contributor to <a href="https://www.amazon.com/Fodors-Best-Road-Trips-USA/dp/1640974571/ref=pd_ybh_a_sccl_11/141-0365352-8785865?pd_rd_w=SB7t0&amp;content-id=amzn1.sym.67f8cf21-ade4-4299-b433-69e404eeecf1&amp;pf_rd_p=67f8cf21-ade4-4299-b433-69e404eeecf1&amp;pf_rd_r=7RC0QWDTSEMHEY41JA86&amp;pd_rd_wg=6fDk7&amp;pd_rd_r=ea77d5ab-f3b2-41dc-b22b-feb03beb7419&amp;pd_rd_i=1640974571&amp;psc=1"><em>Fodor’s Best Road Trips in the USA</em></a>. “With so much time spent sitting in a small space, you’ve got to be comfortable.”
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He suggests loose-fitting clothes, and long sleeves and pants whenever possible to keep you warmer when it’s cold outside, but also keep you comfortable if the air conditioner is on in summer. He also mentioned that the extra padding with layered clothing helps pad your joints when jostling with the car doors, consoles, and each other.
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But it’s also important to not overpack.
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“I’m a chronic overpacker, so I know it’s not easy, but you will spend a lot of time cooped up in a vehicle, wishing for more space,” said Schultz. “Luggage, entertainment, snacks — it all eats up the little room you already have, so bring less and thank yourself later.”
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Consider your personal security
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Kay Kingsman, who writes <a href="https://theawkwardtraveller.com/all-about-kay-kingsman/">The Awkward Traveller</a>, started road tripping as an Army brat, making drives like Alabama to California with every move.
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She loves the freedom of the road, the fact that you can be spontaneous, turning down any side road you want. But, as a Black woman, she also must consider her safety. Many cities have Black Facebook groups that she uses as a resource for road tripping.
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“If I’m driving somewhere I’ve never been, I will post in that group asking if there’s any particular spots or towns along the drive that I should avoid stopping through (aka <a href="https://www.abhmuseum.org/sundown-towns-the-past-and-present-of-racial-segregation/">sundown-esque towns</a>) just for an added bit of reassurance in my drive from people in the area,” she said. It’s a sad reality, but drivers should always consider the safety of their route, surroundings, and destination.
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Kingsman keeps a taser and pepper spray in her car just in case. And once, when she was followed for about an hour, even off an exit and into a parking lot, she was glad to have her dashcam.
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If she’s traveling alone, she plans ahead so that she won’t have to stop for gas in the dark. With this, she travels by herself quite a bit, recently completing two months driving around 14 states in the southeastern US. “I usually do at least one good road trip a year,” she said, “if not more.”
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Lessons from 10 days on the road
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It helps to vary the style of travel from day to day. My best friend and I drove two long days, including one of 12 hours on the road, in order to make it for Tedeschi Trucks at Red Rocks. Then we rested for two days. We stayed with friends, and we stayed in a nice hotel. The trip felt like a flight of beer, but for cities. A taste of Park City, a sip of Nashville.
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Make time for silliness. We pulled over for the <a href="https://www.tripadvisor.com/Attraction_Review-g39147-d12449395-Reviews-World_s_Largest_Czech_Egg-Wilson_Kansas.html">world’s largest Czech egg</a>, and we were not disappointed. Communicate about the goals for reaching the location and how much temporal padding to have; enough so that you can dally, but not so much that you stress out your co-pilots.
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And with all the prep, the drive turned from a chore to an adventure, the miles under our tires practically the best part.
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Oy8zxJ">
<a href="https://www.vox.com/authors/paulette-perhach"><em>Paulette Perhach</em></a><em> is a freelance writer and writing coach covering creativity, personal finance, business, life design, and travel.</em>
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<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-the-hindu-sports">From The Hindu: Sports</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Sky Fall shines</strong> -</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Zimbabwe cricket great Heath Streak dies aged 49</strong> - Heath Streak was a key member of Zimbabwe teams that were competitive against cricket’s bigger nations in the late 1990s and early 2000s.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Najam Sethi slams Asia Cup scheduling after Pallekele washout</strong> - Under the hybrid model, four games are scheduled in Pakistan, and the rest in Sri Lanka.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>PSG sells midfielder Georginio Wijnaldum to Saudi side Al-Ettifaq</strong> - No financial details were given by PSG but the deal was reportedly worth 10 millions euros ($10.8 million).</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>KL Rahul to be included in India’s World Cup squad; Samson misses out</strong> - Rahul has been recuperating at the National Cricket Academy in Bengaluru post a thigh surgery, and he will have one final round of fitness drills before flying out to Sri Lanka</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-the-hindu-national-news">From The Hindu: National News</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Assam doctor alleges threats from family for embracing Hinduism; family claims kidnap</strong> - In the video, the doctor claimed that she had irked her family by converting to Hinduism and they have threatened to kill her, leading her to go into hiding.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>PM Modi’s interview: BJP leaders hail visionary leadership, Opposition raises questions on price rise, unemployment</strong> - Irrespective of the size of the GDP, every voice matters,  Mr. Modi told PTI in an exclusive interview conducted late last week at his Lok Kalyan Marg residence.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>KCR favours simultaneous elections as he is with the BJP, says Revanth Reddy</strong> - He released a letter given by Mr. KCR to the Law Commission of India in 2018 favouring simultaneous elections</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Amit Shah terms Udhayanidhi remarks as ‘insult to Sanatan Dharma’ made for ‘votebank politics’</strong> - Amit Shah said the ruling DMK in Tamil Nadu, and its ally in the State Congress, have insulted ‘Sanatan Dharma’ for votebank appeasement</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Shivamogga teacher transferred for allegedly asking students to ‘go to Pakistan’</strong> - The Department of School Education has ordered a departmental inquiry against the teacher</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-bbc-europe">From BBC: Europe</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Threats, insults, and Kremlin ‘robots’: How Russian diplomacy died under Putin</strong> - Russian diplomacy is no longer about co-operation but “putting Westerners in their place”, say ex-Kremlin insiders.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Berliners rave against motorway extension threatening cultural venues</strong> - Clubbers hold street party protesting against plan to flatten 20 venues in path of ring road extension</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Ukrainian billionaire Ihor Kolomoisky held in anti-corruption drive</strong> - Ihor Kolomoisky is accused of fraud and is the latest target of Ukraine’s anti-corruption drive.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Ukraine war: Nobel Prize invitation to Russia and Iran withdrawn</strong> - The U-turn comes after strong criticism against it in Sweden as well as by Ukraine.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Ukraine war: US sees ‘notable progress’ by Ukraine army in south</strong> - The US praise comes as Kyiv admits the fighting against strong Russian defensive lines is tough.</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-ars-technica">From Ars Technica</h1>
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<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A look into the REM dreams of the animal kingdom</strong> - Animals’ “active” sleep phases look very much like REM. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1964996">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Apple details reasons to abandon CSAM-scanning tool, more controversy ensues</strong> - Safety groups remain concerned about child sexual abuse material scanning and user reporting. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1964978">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>BMW’s Neue Klasse points to a radical reinvention for future sedans</strong> - Innovations making it to production include a full-screen heads-up display and e-ink. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1965050">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Two book readers recap a very non-book-ish Wheel of Time season 2 premiere</strong> - The Wheel turns, and new seasons come and pass, leaving reviews that become legend. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1965179">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Fungi could be the answer to breaking down plastic junk</strong> - Enzymes that break down a polymer in wood can also handle polyethylene. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1965224">link</a></p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-jokes-subreddit">From Jokes Subreddit</h1>
<ul>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>My grandfather told me this one not long before he died</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF --></p>
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
A man is in his boat out on the lake with a bucket full of fish that he had just caught. A wildlife officer spots him and pulls his boat up alongside. Seeing the bucket of fish in the man’s boat, the wildlife officer asks to see his fishing license.
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The man tells the officer that he doesn’t need a fishing license.
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The wildlife officer looks down at the bucket and says “you definitely need a license to be catching fish, I can see that you’ve been fishing today. You have live fish right there.”
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The man says “oh no, those are my pet fish. I just brought them out here for the day to enjoy the lake.”
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“Pet fish?” Replied the wildlife officer
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“Oh absolutely, I let him out of the bucket and they swim around and play, but when I whistle they all jump right back in. They are very well trained.”
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The wildlife officers scratches his chin, then says. “I’ve never heard such a. Well I’ve got to see this.”
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The man dumps the bucket of fish into the lake, then calmly turns and looks at the wildlife officer.
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The wildlife officer says. “Well, call them back.”
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The man says “call who back.”
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The wild life officer says “your pet fish.”
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“What fish?” Replied the man.
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/mikethelabguy"> /u/mikethelabguy </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/168ioon/my_grandfather_told_me_this_one_not_long_before/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/168ioon/my_grandfather_told_me_this_one_not_long_before/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>St. Peter is standing at Heaven’s Gates</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF --></p>
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when an angel comes to him with a message that he needs to attend to. Not wanting to leave the Gates unattended, he looks around for help. Just at that moment, he sees Jesus coming around the corner so he calls him over.
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“Hey Jesus, can you help me out? I need to take care of something. Could you manage the Gates for a while?”<br/> “Sure,” answers Jesus. “Just tell me what you need me to do.”<br/> St. Peter explains: “It’s pretty easy. Every time someone wants to enter Heaven, you sit down with him and have a little chat about what he used to do when he was alive, who his family was. That sort of stuff. And then you decide whether they are allowed entry or not.”<br/> “Sounds ok, I got you.” Jesus says.
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Thanking Jesus, St. Peter leaves.<br/> After a few minutes, the first person, an old man, approaches the Gates of Heaven.Jesus welcomes the man and invites him to sit down.<br/> “So,” Jesus starts “tell me something about yourself. What was your profession during your life on earth?”<br/> “I was a carpenter.” the old man answers.<br/> “Hey nice! Just like my father.” Jesus remarks. “Tell me something about your family.”<br/> The old man sighs and looks sad. “I used to have a son, but I lost him.”<br/> Kindly, Jesus asks him “Can you tell me more about your son?”<br/> “Well,” the old man says, taking a deep breath. “It was kind of a strange story. He was born without being conceived and he had holes in his hands and feet.”
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Stunned, Jesus leans forward and looks at the old man, his voice a mere whisper. “F-f-father?”
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Full of hope, the old man looks up into Jesus’ eyes and whispers
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“Pinocchio?”
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/KasreynGyre"> /u/KasreynGyre </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/168s9vf/st_peter_is_standing_at_heavens_gates/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/168s9vf/st_peter_is_standing_at_heavens_gates/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A man and his wife were driving down the road and talking…</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF --></p>
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the wife said to her husband, “Honey if I were to die, would you get remarried?” The husband thought for a moment and then said, “Well, yes I think I would.” The wife wasn’t too happy about this, she spent some time in quiet thought. Then, after a while she said, “Honey, if I were to die and you were to get remarried, would you give your new wife my jewelry?” “Well honey, I guess I would.” The wife wasn’t too happy about this either. She spent a little more time in thought while they continued their drive, and then said, “Honey, if I were to die and you were to get remarried, would you give your new wife my handbags?” The husband paused for a moment and then said, “Well sure, I think I would.” The wife was again a little dismayed with this and spent a little more time in thought. Then she said to her husband, “Honey if I were to die and you were to get married again would you give your new wife my golf clubs?” “No,” he said, “she’s left-handed.”
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/Goferprotocol"> /u/Goferprotocol </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/16814d7/a_man_and_his_wife_were_driving_down_the_road_and/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/16814d7/a_man_and_his_wife_were_driving_down_the_road_and/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>My fitness instructor advised me to wear loose clothing while exercising.</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF --></p>
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I would not have joined the gym if I had any loose clothing.
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/ES_FTrader"> /u/ES_FTrader </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/1685wbn/my_fitness_instructor_advised_me_to_wear_loose/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/1685wbn/my_fitness_instructor_advised_me_to_wear_loose/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Two groups of rabbis were having an argument at a synagogue…</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF --></p>
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Rabbi Isaac said: “Fourteen other rabbis here agree with me, Rabbi Herschel, please just accept our position.”
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Rabbi Herschel begins to pray along with two other rabbis who take his side, when all of a sudden, a great booming voice says: “I am Adonai, the Lord, and Rabbi Herschel is right” and the sky goes back to normal.
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Rabbi Isaac says: “Please accept our position, you are outnumbered 15 opinions to four now.”
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/Awesomeuser90"> /u/Awesomeuser90 </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/168fx8w/two_groups_of_rabbis_were_having_an_argument_at_a/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/168fx8w/two_groups_of_rabbis_were_having_an_argument_at_a/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
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