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<title>29 November, 2023</title>
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<h1 data-aos="fade-down" id="covid-19-sentry">Covid-19 Sentry</h1>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" data-aos-anchor-placement="top-bottom" id="contents">Contents</h1>
<ul>
<li><a href="#from-preprints">From Preprints</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-clinical-trials">From Clinical Trials</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-pubmed">From PubMed</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-patent-search">From Patent Search</a></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-preprints">From Preprints</h1>
<ul>
<li><strong>Expression and fusogenic activity of SARS CoV-2 Spike protein displayed in the HSV-1 Virion.</strong> -
<div>
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) is a zoonotic pathogen that can cause severe respiratory disease in humans. The new SARS-CoV-2 is the cause of the current global pandemic termed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) that has resulted in many millions of deaths world-wide. The virus is a member of the Betacoronavirus family, its genome is a positive strand RNA molecule that encodes for many genes which are required for virus genome replication as well as for structural proteins that are required for virion assembly and maturation. A key determinant of this virus is the Spike (S) protein embedded in the virion membrane and mediates attachment of the virus to the receptor (ACE2). This protein also is required for cell-cell fusion (syncytia) that is an important pathogenic determinant. We have developed a pseudotyped herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) recombinant virus expressing S protein in the virion envelop. This virus has also been modified to express a Venus fluorescent protein fusion to VP16, a virion protein of HSV-1. The virus expressing Spike can enter cells and generates large multi-nucleated syncytia which are evident by the Venus fluorescence. The HSV-1 recombinant virus is genetically stable and virus amplification can be easily done by infecting cells. This recombinant virus provides a reproducible platform for Spike function analysis and thus adds to the repertoire of pseudotyped viruses expressing Spike.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.28.568860v1" target="_blank">Expression and fusogenic activity of SARS CoV-2 Spike protein displayed in the HSV-1 Virion.</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Streamlining Computational Fragment-Based Drug Discovery through Evolutionary Optimization Informed by Ligand-Based Virtual Prescreening</strong> -
<div>
Recent advancements in computational methods provide the promise of dramatically accelerating drug discovery. While mathematical modeling and machine learning have become vital in predicting drug-target interactions and properties, there is untapped potential in computational drug discovery due to the vast and complex chemical space. This paper advances a novel computational fragment-based drug discovery (FBDD) method called Fragments from Ligands Drug Discovery (FDSL-DD), which aims to streamline drug design by applying a two-stage optimization process informed by machine learning and evolutionary principles. In this approach, in silico screening identifies ligands from a vast library, which are then fragmentized while attaching specific attributes based on predicted binding affinity and interaction with the target sub-domain. This process both shrinks the search space and focuses on promising regions within it. The first optimization stage assembles these fragments into larger compounds using evolutionary strategies, and the second stage iteratively refines resulting compounds for enhanced bioactivity. The methodology is validated across three diverse protein targets involved in human solid cancers, bacterial antimicrobial resistance, and SARS-CoV-2 viral entry, demonstrating the approach's broad applicability. Using the proposed FDSL-DD and two-stage optimization approach yields high-affinity ligand candidates more efficiently than other state-of-the-art computational methods. Furthermore, a multiobjective optimization is presented that accounts for druglikeness while still producing potential candidate ligands with high binding affinity. In conclustion, the results demonstrate that integrating detailed chemical information with a constrained search framework can markedly optimize the initial drug discovery process, offering a more precise and efficient route to developing new therapeutics.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.27.568919v1" target="_blank">Streamlining Computational Fragment-Based Drug Discovery through Evolutionary Optimization Informed by Ligand-Based Virtual Prescreening</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Generation and evaluation of protease inhibitor-resistant SARS-CoV-2 strains</strong> -
<div>
Since the start of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, the search for antiviral therapies has been at the forefront of medical research. To date, the 3CLpro inhibitor nirmatrelvir (Paxlovid) has shown the best results in clinical trials and the greatest robustness against variants. A second SARS-CoV-2 protease inhibitor, ensitrelvir (Xocova), has been developed. Ensitrelvir, currently in Phase 3, was approved in Japan under the emergency regulatory approval procedure in November 2022, and is available since March 31, 2023. One of the limitations for the use of antiviral monotherapies is the emergence of resistance mutations. Here, we experimentally generated mutants resistant to nirmatrelvir and ensitrelvir in vitro following repeating passages of SARS-CoV-2 in the presence of both antivirals. For both molecules, we demonstrated a loss of sensitivity for resistance mutants in vitro. Using a Syrian golden hamster infection model, we showed that the ensitrelvir M49L mutation confers a high level of in vivo resistance. Finally, we identified a recent increase in the prevalence of M49L-carrying sequences, which appears to be associated with multiple repeated emergence events in Japan and may be related to the use of Xocova in the country since November 2022. These results highlight the strategic importance of genetic monitoring of circulating SARS-CoV-2 strains to ensure that treatments administered retain their full effectiveness.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.22.568013v1" target="_blank">Generation and evaluation of protease inhibitor-resistant SARS-CoV-2 strains</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Identification of the host reservoir of SARS-CoV-2 and determining when it spilled over into humans</strong> -
<div>
Since the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 in Wuhan in 2019 its host reservoir has not been established. Phylogenetic analysis was performed on whole genome sequences (WGS) of 71 coronaviruses and a Breda virus. A subset comprising two SARS-CoV-2 Wuhan viruses and 8 of the most closely related coronavirus sequences were used for host reservoir analysis using Bayesian Evolutionary Analysis Sampling Trees (BEAST). Within these genomes, 20 core genome fragments were combined into 2 groups each with similar clock rates (5.9x10 -3 and 1.1x10 -3 subs/site/year). Pooling the results from these fragment groups yielded a most recent common ancestor (MRCA) shared between SARS-COV-2 and the bat isolate RaTG13 around 2007 (95% HPD: 2003, 2011). Further, the host of the MRCA was most likely a bat (probability 0.64 - 0.87). Hence, the spillover into humans must have occurred at some point between 2007 and 2019 and bats may have been the most likely host reservoir.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.25.568670v1" target="_blank">Identification of the host reservoir of SARS-CoV-2 and determining when it spilled over into humans</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>XBB.1.5 monovalent mRNA vaccine booster elicits robust neutralizing antibodies against emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants</strong> -
<div>
COVID-19 vaccines have recently been updated with the spike protein of SARS-Co-V-2 XBB.1.5 subvariant alone, but their immunogenicity in humans has yet to be fully evaluated and reported, particularly against emergent viruses that are rapidly expanding. We now report that administration of an updated monovalent mRNA vaccine (XBB.1.5 MV) to uninfected individuals boosted serum virus-neutralization antibodies significantly against not only XBB.1.5 (27.0-fold) and the currently dominant EG.5.1 (27.6-fold) but also key emergent viruses like HV.1, HK.3, JD.1.1, and JN.1 (13.3-to-27.4-fold). In individuals previously infected by an Omicron subvariant, serum neutralizing titers were boosted to highest levels (1,764-to-22,978) against all viral variants tested. While immunological imprinting was still evident with the updated vaccines, it was not nearly as severe as the previously authorized bivalent BA.5 vaccine. Our findings strongly support the official recommendation to widely apply the updated COVID-19 vaccines to further protect the public.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.26.568730v1" target="_blank">XBB.1.5 monovalent mRNA vaccine booster elicits robust neutralizing antibodies against emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Variant- and Vaccination-Specific Alternative Splicing Profiles in SARS-CoV-2 Infections</strong> -
<div>
The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, and its subsequent variants has underscored the importance of understanding the host-viral molecular interactions to devise effective therapeutic strategies. A significant aspect of these interactions is the role of alternative splicing in modulating host responses and viral replication mechanisms. Our study sought to delineate the patterns of alternative splicing of RNAs from immune cells across different SARS-CoV-2 variants and vaccination statuses, utilizing a robust dataset of 190 RNA-seq samples from our previous studies, encompassing an average of 212 million reads per sample. We identified a dynamic alteration in alternative splicing and genes related to RNA splicing were highly deactivated in COVID-19 patients and showed variant- and vaccination-specific expression profiles. Overall, Omicron-infected patients exhibited a gene expression profile akin to healthy controls, unlike the Alpha or Beta variants. However, significantly, we found identified a subset of infected individuals, most pronounced in vaccinated patients infected with Omicron variant, that exhibited a specific dynamic in their alternative splicing patterns that was not widely shared amongst the other groups. Our findings underscore the complex interplay between SARS-CoV-2 variants, vaccination-induced immune responses, and alternative splicing, emphasizing the necessity for further investigations into these molecular cross-talks to foster deeper understanding and guide strategic therapeutic development.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.24.568603v1" target="_blank">Variant- and Vaccination-Specific Alternative Splicing Profiles in SARS-CoV-2 Infections</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Evolution-guided large language model is a predictor of virus mutation trends</strong> -
<div>
Emerging viral infections, especially the global pandemic COVID-19, have had catastrophic impacts on public health worldwide. The culprit of this pandemic, SARS-CoV-2, continues to evolve, giving rise to numerous sublineages with distinct characteristics. The traditional post-hoc wet-lab approach is lagging behind, and it cannot quickly predict the evolutionary trends of the virus while consuming high costs. Capturing the evolutionary drivers of virus and predicting potential high-risk mutations has become an urgent and critical problem to address. To tackle this challenge, we introduce ProtFound-V, an evolution-inspired deep-learning framework designed to explore the mutational trajectory of virus. Take SARS-CoV-2 as an example, ProtFound-V accurately identifies the evolutionary advantage of Omicron and proposes evolutionary trends consistent with wet-lab experiments through in silico deep mutational scanning. This showcases the potential of deep learning predictions to replace traditional wet-lab experimental measurements. With the evolution-guided large language model, ProtFound-V presents a new state-of-the-art performance in key property predictions. Despite the challenge posed by epistasis to model generalization, ProtFound-V remains robust when extrapolating to lineages with different genetic backgrounds. Overall, this work paves the way for rapid responses to emerging viral infections, allowing for a plug-and-play approach to understanding and predicting virus evolution.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.27.568815v1" target="_blank">Evolution-guided large language model is a predictor of virus mutation trends</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Modulation of human kinase activity through direct interaction with SARS-CoV-2 proteins</strong> -
<div>
The dysregulation of cellular signaling upon SARS-CoV-2 infection is mediated via direct protein interactions, with the human protein kinases constituting the major impact nodes in the signaling networks. Here, we employed a targeted yeast two-hybrid matrix approach to identify direct SARS-CoV-2 protein interactions with an extensive set of human kinases. We discovered 51 interactions involving 14 SARS-CoV-2 proteins and 29 human kinases, including many of the CAMK and CMGC kinase family members, as well as non-receptor tyrosine kinases. By integrating the interactions identified in our screen with transcriptomics and phospho-proteomics data, we revealed connections between SARS-CoV-2 protein interactions, kinase activity changes, and the cellular phospho-response to infection and identified altered activity patterns in infected cells for AURKB, CDK2, CDK4, CDK7, ABL2, PIM2, PLK1, NEK2, TRIB3, RIPK2, MAPK13, and MAPK14. Finally, we demonstrated direct inhibition of the FER human tyrosine kinase by the SARS-CoV-2 auxiliary protein ORF6, hinting at pressures underlying ORF6 changes observed in recent SARS-CoV-2 strains. Our study expands the SARS-CoV-2 - host interaction knowledge, illuminating the critical role of dysregulated kinase signaling during SARS-CoV-2 infection.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.27.568816v1" target="_blank">Modulation of human kinase activity through direct interaction with SARS-CoV-2 proteins</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Antiviral innate immune memory in alveolar macrophages following SARS-CoV-2 infection.</strong> -
<div>
Pathogen encounter results in long-lasting epigenetic imprinting that shapes diseases caused by heterologous pathogens. The breadth of this innate immune memory is of particular interest in the context of respiratory pathogens with increased pandemic potential and wide-ranging impact on global health. Here, we investigated epigenetic imprinting across cell lineages in a disease relevant murine model of SARS-CoV-2 recovery. Past SARS-CoV-2 infection resulted in increased chromatin accessibility of type I interferon (IFN-I) related transcription factors in airway-resident macrophages. Mechanistically, establishment of this innate immune memory required viral pattern recognition and canonical IFN-I signaling and augmented secondary antiviral responses. Past SARS-CoV-2 infection ameliorated disease caused by the heterologous respiratory pathogen influenza A virus. Insights into innate immune memory and how it affects subsequent infections with heterologous pathogens to influence disease pathology could facilitate the development of broadly effective therapeutic strategies.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.24.568354v1" target="_blank">Antiviral innate immune memory in alveolar macrophages following SARS-CoV-2 infection.</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>The antiviral potential of the antiandrogen enzalutamide and the viral-androgen interplay in seasonal coronaviruses</strong> -
<div>
The sex disparity in COVID-19 outcomes with males generally faring worse than females has been associated with the androgen-regulated expression of the protease TMPRSS2 and the cell receptor ACE2 in the lung and fueled interest in antiandrogens as potential antivirals. In this study, we explored enzalutamide, an antiandrogen used commonly against prostate cancer, as a potential antiviral against the human coronaviruses which cause seasonal respiratory infections (HCoV-NL63, -229E, and -OC43). Using lentivirus-pseudotyped and authentic HCoV, we report that enzalutamide reduced 229E and NL63 entry and replication in both TMPRSS2- and non-expressing immortalised cells, suggesting a TMPRSS2-independent mechanism. However, no effect was observed against OC43. To decipher this distinction, we performed RNA-sequencing analysis on 229E- and OC43-infected primary human airway cells. Our results show a significant induction of androgen-responsive genes by 229E compared to OC43 at 24 and 72h post-infection. The virus-mediated effect to AR signaling was further confirmed with a consensus androgen response element (ARE)-driven luciferase assay in androgen-depleted MRC-5 cells. Specifically, 229E induced luciferase reporter activity in the presence and absence of the synthetic androgen mibolerone, while OC43 inhibited induction. These findings highlight a complex interplay between viral infections and androgen signaling, offering insights for potential antiviral interventions.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.25.568685v1" target="_blank">The antiviral potential of the antiandrogen enzalutamide and the viral-androgen interplay in seasonal coronaviruses</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Hybrid Course Dynamics in Physical Education: Insights from a Leading Chinese Public University</strong> -
<div>
Against the backdrop of technological advances, educational reforms, and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, hybrid courses have become increasingly popular in higher education in China. The study draws from existing theoretical knowledge and practical experiences to provide insights on the feasibility and potential benefits of using the hybrid course modality in physical education, aiming to investigate the applicability of the hybrid course modality in promoting undergraduate students’ engagement in physical education courses at a large public university in China. It also focuses on practical implications of the hybrid course modality to enhance physical education courses in Chinese higher education institutions, by exploring how this modality can serve as a useful tool in such courses.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://osf.io/preprints/edarxiv/hcevw/" target="_blank">Hybrid Course Dynamics in Physical Education: Insights from a Leading Chinese Public University</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>SARS-CoV-2 sequencing with cloud-based analysis illustrates expedient co-ordinated surveillance of viral genomic epidemiology across six continents</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Viral sequencing has been critical in the COVID-19 pandemic response, but sequencing and bioinformatics capacity remain inconsistent. To examine the utility of a cloud-based sequencing analysis platform for SARS-CoV-2 sequencing, we conducted a cross-sectional study incorporating seven countries in July 2022. Sites submitted sequential SARS-CoV-2 sequences over two weeks to the Global Pathogen Analysis Service (GPAS). The GPAS bioinformatics cloud platform performs sequence assembly plus lineage and related sample identification. Users can share information with collaborators while retaining data ownership. Seven sites contributed sequencing reads from 5,346 clinical samples, of which 4,799/5,346 (89.8%) had a lineage identified. Omicron lineages dominated, with the vast majority being BA.5, BA.4 and BA.2, commensurate with contemporary genomic epidemiological observations. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated low within-lineage diversity, and highly similar sequences present in globally disparate sites. A cloud-based analysis platform like GPAS addresses bioinformatics bottlenecks and facilitates collaboration in pathogen surveillance, enhancing epidemic and pandemic preparedness.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.27.23298986v1" target="_blank">SARS-CoV-2 sequencing with cloud-based analysis illustrates expedient co-ordinated surveillance of viral genomic epidemiology across six continents</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 reinfection with Omicron BA.2.75 subvariants in Thai Adults.</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Omicron subvariants of SARS-CoV-2 may resist vaccine- or infection-induced immunity thereby increasing the risk of reinfections in previously infected persons. This study aimed to investigate the clinical severity and the average time to the onset of Omicron reinfection. This survey study collected clinical data on Omicron reinfection. Information on time of infection, reinfection interval, overall clinical presentation, and severity of infection was reported. The total prevalence of symptoms among 201 participants was significantly higher in the first infection (risk difference (RD), 9.86%; 95% CI, 7.54-12.19]) compared to the second infection, and the hospitalization rate among all participants was significantly lower for the second infection than the primary infection (odds ratio (OR), 6.25; 95% CI, 2.158-24.71). The prevalence of symptoms compared with the first infection with pre-Omicron variants was similar to that of the first infection with the Omicron variant (RD, 2.56%; 95% CI, -6.14-1.01). However, the hospitalization rate for pre-Omicron primary infection was significantly higher (OR, 6.76; 95% CI, 2.87-15.87]) than that observed with Omicron variants. The severity of the primary infection and of a pre-Omicron variant was greater than that of a secondary infection or with an Omicron variant.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.24.23298841v1" target="_blank">Characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 reinfection with Omicron BA.2.75 subvariants in Thai Adults.</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Genetic determinants of blood gene expression and splicing and their contribution to molecular phenotypes and health outcomes</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
The biological mechanisms through which most non-protein-coding genetic variants affect disease risk are unknown. To investigate the gene-regulatory cascades that ensue from these variants, we mapped blood gene expression and splicing quantitative trait loci (QTLs) through bulk RNA-sequencing in 4,732 participants, and integrated these data with protein, metabolite and lipid QTLs in the same individuals. We identified cis-QTLs for the expression of 17,233 genes and 29,514 splicing events (in 6,853 genes). Using colocalization analysis, we identified 3,430 proteomic and metabolomic traits with a shared association signal with either gene expression or splicing. We quantified the relative contribution of the genetic effects at loci with shared etiology through statistical mediation, observing 222 molecular phenotypes significantly mediated by gene expression or splicing. We uncovered gene-regulatory mechanisms at GWAS disease loci with therapeutic implications, such as WARS1 in hypertension, IL7R in dermatitis and IFNAR2 in COVID-19. Our study provides an open-access and interactive resource of the shared genetic etiology across transcriptional phenotypes, molecular traits and health outcomes in humans (https://IntervalRNA.org.uk).
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.25.23299014v1" target="_blank">Genetic determinants of blood gene expression and splicing and their contribution to molecular phenotypes and health outcomes</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Early warning system using primary healthcare data in the post-COVID-19-pandemic era: Brazil nationwide case-study</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Background: Syndromic surveillance utilising primary health care (PHC) data is a valuable tool for early outbreak detection, as demonstrated in the potential to identify COVID-19 outbreaks. However, the potential of such an early warning system in the post-COVID-19 era remains largely unexplored. Methods: We analysed PHC encounter counts due to respiratory complaints registered in the Brazilian database of the Universal Health System between January and July 2023. We applied EARS (variation C1-C2-C3) and EVI to estimate the weekly thresholds. An alarm was determined when the number of encounters exceeded the week-specific threshold. We used data on hospitalisation due to respiratory disease to classify weeks in which the number of cases surpassed predetermined thresholds as anomalies. We compared EARS and EVI9s efficacy in anticipating anomalies. Findings: A total of 119 anomalies were identified across 116 immediate regions during the study period. The EARS-C2 presented the highest early alarm rate, with 81/119 (68%) early alarms, and C1 the lowest, with 71 (60%) early alarms. The lowest true positivity was the EARS-C1 118/1354 (8.7%) and the highest EARS-C3 99/856 (11.6%). Conclusion: Routinely collected PHC data can be successfully used to detect respiratory disease outbreaks in Brazil. Syndromic surveillance enhances timeliness in surveillance strategies, albeit with lower specificity. A combined approach with other strategies is essential to strengthen accuracy, offering a proactive and effective public health response against future outbreaks.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.24.23299005v1" target="_blank">Early warning system using primary healthcare data in the post-COVID-19-pandemic era: Brazil nationwide case-study</a>
</div></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-clinical-trials">From Clinical Trials</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Effect of Metformin in Reducing Fatigue in Long COVID in Adolescents</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>: Long COVID <br/><b>Interventions</b>: Drug: Metformin; Other: Placebo <br/><b>Sponsors</b>: Trust for Vaccines and Immunization, Pakistan <br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A Randomized Trial Evaluating a mRNA VLP Vaccine’s Immunogenicity and Safety for COVID-19</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>: COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2 Infection <br/><b>Interventions</b>: Biological: AZD9838; Biological: Licensed mRNA vaccine <br/><b>Sponsors</b>: AstraZeneca <br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>“The Effect of Aerobic Exercise and Strength Training on Physical Activity Level, Quality of Life and Anxiety-Stress Disorder in Young Adults With and Without Covid-19”</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>: COVID-19 <br/><b>Interventions</b>: Behavioral: Aerobic Exercise and Strength Training <br/><b>Sponsors</b>: Pamukkale University <br/><b>Active, not recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Vale+Tú Salud: Corner-Based Randomized Trial to Test a Latino Day Laborer Program Adapted to Prevent COVID-19</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>: COVID-19 <br/><b>Interventions</b>: Behavioral: COVID-19 Group Problem Solving; Behavioral: Standard of Care; Behavioral: Booster session <br/><b>Sponsors</b>: The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston; National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (NIMHD) <br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Safety Study of SLV213 for the Treatment of COVID-19.</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>: COVID-19 <br/><b>Interventions</b>: Other: Placebo for SLV213; Drug: SLV213 <br/><b>Sponsors</b>: National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) <br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Collection of Additional Biological Samples From Potentially COVID-19 Patients for Monitoring of Biological Parameters Carried Out as Part of the Routine</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>: SARS CoV 2 Infection <br/><b>Interventions</b>: Diagnostic Test: RIPH2 <br/><b>Sponsors</b>: CerbaXpert <br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Promoting Engagement and COVID-19 Testing for Health</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>: COVID-19 <br/><b>Interventions</b>: Behavioral: COVID-19 Test Reporting; Behavioral: Personalized Nudges via Text Messaging; Behavioral: Non-personalized Nudges via Text Messaging <br/><b>Sponsors</b>: Emory University; National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK); Morehouse School of Medicine; Georgia Institute of Technology <br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Mitigating Mental and Social Health Outcomes of COVID-19: A Counseling Approach</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>: Social Determinants of Health; Mental Health Issue; COVID-19 <br/><b>Interventions</b>: Behavioral: Individual counseling; Behavioral: Group counseling; Other: Resources <br/><b>Sponsors</b>: Idaho State University <br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Development and Qualification of Methods for Analyzing the Mucosal Immune Response to COVID-19</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>: Certain Disorders Involving the Immune Mechanism <br/><b>Interventions</b>: Biological: Sampling; Biological: PCR (polymerase chain reaction) SARS-CoV-2 <br/><b>Sponsors</b>: University Hospital, Tours <br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Water-based Activity to Enhance Recovery in Long COVID</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>: Long COVID <br/><b>Interventions</b>: Behavioral: WATER+CT; Behavioral: Usual Care <br/><b>Sponsors</b>: VA Office of Research and Development <br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Performance Evaluation of the Lucira COVID-19 &amp; Flu Test</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>: COVID-19; Influenza <br/><b>Interventions</b>: Device: Lucira COVID-19 &amp; Flu Test <br/><b>Sponsors</b>: Lucira Health Inc <br/><b>Completed</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Efficacy of Two Therapeutic Exercise Modalities for Patients With Persistent COVID</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>: Persistent COVID-19 <br/><b>Interventions</b>: Other: exercise programe <br/><b>Sponsors</b>: Facultat de ciencies de la Salut Universitat Ramon Llull <br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Robotic Assisted Hand Rehabilitation Outcomes in Adults After COVID-19</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>: Robotic Exoskeleton; Post-acute Covid-19 Syndrome; Rehabilitation Outcome; Physical And Rehabilitation Medicine <br/><b>Interventions</b>: Device: Training with a Robotic Hand Exoskeleton <br/><b>Sponsors</b>: University of Valladolid; Centro Hospitalario Padre Benito Menni <br/><b>Completed</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Cognitive Rehabilitation in Post-COVID-19 Syndrome</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>: Post-COVID-19 Syndrome <br/><b>Interventions</b>: Behavioral: CO-OP Procedures; Behavioral: Inactive Control Group <br/><b>Sponsors</b>: University of Missouri-Columbia; Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) <br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-pubmed">From PubMed</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Potential Targets and Mechanisms of Bitter Almond-Licorice for COVID-19 Treatment Based on Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking</strong> - CONCLUSION: The bitter almond-licorice could be used to treat COVID-19 by inhibiting inflammatory responses and regulating cellular stress. This work is based on data mining and molecular docking, and the findings need to be interpreted with caution.</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"></p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Resurrection of 2’-5’-oligoadenylate synthetase 1 (OAS1) from the ancestor of modern horseshoe bats blocks SARS-CoV-2 replication</strong> - The prenylated form of the human 2’-5’-oligoadenylate synthetase 1 (OAS1) protein has been shown to potently inhibit the replication of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the virus responsible for the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. However, the OAS1 orthologue in the horseshoe bats (superfamily Rhinolophoidea), the reservoir host of SARS-related coronaviruses (SARSr-CoVs), has lost the prenylation signal required for this antiviral activity. Herein, we…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Neutrophil virucidal activity against SARS-CoV-2 is mediated by NETs</strong> - CONCLUSION: Our results provide evidence of the role of NETosis as a mechanism of SARS-CoV-2 viral capture and inhibition.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A computational simulation appraisal of banana lectin as a potential anti-SARS-CoV-2 candidate by targeting the receptor-binding domain</strong> - CONCLUSIONS: These results confirm that the BanLec protein is a promising candidate for developing a potential therapeutic agent for combating COVID-19. Furthermore, the results suggest the possibility of BanLec as a broad-spectrum antiviral agent and highlight the need for further studies to examine the protein’s safety and effectiveness as a potent antiviral agent.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>SARS-CoV-2 nsp15 endoribonuclease antagonizes dsRNA-induced antiviral signaling</strong> - Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV)-2 has caused millions of deaths since emerging in 2019. Innate immune antagonism by lethal CoVs such as SARS-CoV-2 is crucial for optimal replication and pathogenesis. The conserved nonstructural protein 15 (nsp15) endoribonuclease (EndoU) limits activation of double-stranded (ds)RNA-induced pathways, including interferon (IFN) signaling, protein kinase R (PKR), and oligoadenylate synthetase/ribonuclease L (OAS/RNase L) during diverse CoV…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Application of machine learning models to identify serological predictors of COVID-19 severity and outcomes</strong> - Critically ill people with COVID-19 have greater antibody titers than those with mild to moderate illness, but their association with recovery or death from COVID-19 has not been characterized. In 178 COVID-19 patients, 73 non-hospitalized and 105 hospitalized patients, mucosal swabs and plasma samples were collected at hospital enrollment and up to 3 months post-enrollment (MPE) to measure virus RNA, cytokines/chemokines, binding antibodies, ACE2 binding inhibition, and Fc effector antibody…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>C1 esterase inhibitor-mediated immunosuppression in COVID-19: Friend or foe?</strong> - From asymptomatic to severe, SARS-CoV-2, causative agent of COVID-19, elicits varying disease severities. Moreover, understanding innate and adaptive immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 is imperative since variants such as Omicron negatively impact adaptive antibody neutralization. Severe COVID-19 is, in part, associated with aberrant activation of complement and Factor XII (FXIIa), initiator of contact system activation. Paradoxically, a protein that inhibits the three known pathways of complement…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Catalytic Antibodies May Contribute to Demyelination in Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome</strong> - Here we report preliminary data demonstrating that some patients with myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatiguesyndrome (ME/CFS) may have catalytic autoantibodies that cause the breakdown of myelin basic protein (MBP). We propose that these MBP-degradative antibodies are important to the pathophysiology of ME/CFS, particularly in the occurrence of white matter disease/demyelination. This is supported by magnetic resonance imagining studies that show these findings in patients with ME/CFS and…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Achievement Emotions of Medical Students: Do They Predict Self-regulated Learning and Burnout in an Online Learning Environment?</strong> - BACKGROUND: Achievement emotions have been proven as important indicators of students’ academic performance in traditional classrooms and beyond. In the online learning contexts, previous studies have indicated that achievement emotions would affect students’ adoption of self-regulated learning strategies and further predict their learning outcomes. However, the pathway regarding how different positive and negative achievement emotions might affect students’ burnout through self-regulated…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Linoleic acid: a natural feed compound against porcine epidemic diarrhea disease</strong> - Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) is a pig coronavirus that causes severe diarrhea and high mortality in piglets, but as no effective drugs are available, this virus threatens the pig industry. Here, we found that the intestinal contents of specific pathogen-free pigs effectively blocked PEDV invasion. Through proteomic and metabolic analyses of the intestinal contents, we screened 10 metabolites to investigate their function and found that linoleic acid (LA) significantly inhibited PEDV…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Platelet factor 4(PF4) and its multiple roles in diseases</strong> - Platelet factor 4 (PF4) combines with heparin to form an antigen that could produce IgG antibodies and participate in heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT). PF4 has attracted wide attention due to its role in novel coronavirus vaccine-19 (COVID-9)-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia (VITT) and cognitive impairments. The electrostatic interaction between PF4 and negatively charged molecules is vital in the progression of VITT, which is similar to HIT. Emerging evidence suggests its…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Design of MERS-CoV entry inhibitory short peptides based on helix-stabilizing strategies</strong> - Interaction between Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) spike (S) protein heptad repeat-1 domain (HR1) and heptad repeat-2 domain (HR2) is critical for the MERS-CoV fusion process. This interaction is mediated by the α-helical region from HR2 and the hydrophobic groove in a central HR1 trimeric coiled coil. We sought to develop a short peptidomimetic to act as a MERS-CoV fusion inhibitor by reproducing the key recognition features of HR2 helix. This was achieved by the use of…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A phenothiazine urea derivative broadly inhibits coronavirus replication via viral protease inhibition</strong> - Coronavirus (CoV) replication requires efficient cleavage of viral polyproteins into an array of non-structural proteins involved in viral replication, organelle formation, viral RNA synthesis, and host shutoff. Human CoVs (HCoVs) encode two viral cysteine proteases, main protease (M^(pro)) and papain-like protease (PL^(pro)), that mediate polyprotein cleavage. Using a structure-guided approach, a phenothiazine urea derivative that inhibits both SARS-CoV-2 M^(pro) and PL^(pro) protease activity…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Inhibition of furin-like enzymatic activities and SARS-CoV-2 infection by osthole and phenolic compounds with aryl side chains</strong> - Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), spread as a pandemic and caused damage to people’s lives and countries’ economies. The spike (S) protein of SARS-CoV-2 contains a cleavage motif, Arg-X-X-Arg, for furin and furin-like enzymes at the boundary of the S1/S2 subunits. Given that cleavage plays a crucial role in S protein activation and viral entry, the cleavage motif was selected as the target. Our previous fluorogenic…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Efficient SARS-CoV-2 infection antagonization by rhACE2 ectodomain multimerized onto the Avidin-Nucleic-Acid-NanoASsembly</strong> - Nanodecoy systems based on analogues of viral cellular receptors assembled onto fluid lipid-based membranes of nano/extravescicles are potential new tools to complement classic therapeutic or preventive antiviral approaches. The need for lipid-based membranes for transmembrane receptor anchorage may pose technical challenges along industrial translation, calling for alternative geometries for receptor multimerization. Here we developed a semisynthetic self-assembling SARS-CoV-2 nanodecoy by…</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-patent-search">From Patent Search</h1>
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<h1 data-aos="fade-down" id="daily-dose">Daily-Dose</h1>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" data-aos-anchor-placement="top-bottom" id="contents">Contents</h1>
<ul>
<li><a href="#from-new-yorker">From New Yorker</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-vox">From Vox</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-the-hindu-sports">From The Hindu: Sports</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-the-hindu-national-news">From The Hindu: National News</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-bbc-europe">From BBC: Europe</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-ars-technica">From Ars Technica</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-jokes-subreddit">From Jokes Subreddit</a></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-new-yorker">From New Yorker</h1>
<ul>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>When Your Own Book Gets Caught Up in the Censorship Wars</strong> - I had envisioned book bans as modern morality plays—but the reality was far more complicated. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/essay/when-your-own-book-gets-caught-up-in-the-censorship-wars">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>The Death of a Relic Hunter</strong> - Bill Erquitt was an unforgettable character among Georgia’s many Civil War enthusiasts. After he died, his secrets came to light. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/letter-from-the-south/the-death-of-a-relic-hunter">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>The Road to Dubai</strong> - The latest round of international climate negotiations is being held in a petrostate. What could go wrong? - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/the-weekend-essay/the-road-to-dubai">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>An “Academic Transformation” Takes On the Math Department</strong> - A series of cuts at West Virginia University has largely affected the humanities, but any program that is not seen as marketable may get the axe. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/us-journal/an-academic-transformation-takes-on-the-math-department">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>The Dead Children We Must See</strong> - It’s time for Americans to rethink their squeamishness about releasing the photos of the youngest victims of mass violence. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/our-columnists/the-dead-children-we-must-see">link</a></p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-vox">From Vox</h1>
<ul>
<li><strong>What is life like in Palestine? These short films offer a glimpse.</strong> -
<figure>
<img alt="A woman behind glass goes to remove something from her mouth." src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/LacrR-hX635WCtvnAteemfuq8Cc=/236x0:1969x1300/1310x983/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_image/image/72912143/Screen_Shot_2023_11_27_at_12.58.52_PM.0.png"/>
<figcaption>
A still from <em>Bonboné</em>, featuring Rana Alamuddin. | Netflix
</figcaption>
</figure>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
3 Palestinian short films available on Netflix show life under occupation.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="PVISUW">
For those wondering what life in <a href="https://www.vox.com/palestine">Palestine</a> looks like, <em>Condom Lead</em> (2013), directed by Palestinian twins Arab and Tarzan Nasser, offers a striking visual metaphor: The short film opens with an apartment full of balloons, drawing the viewer in. But the scripted work takes place during the first Gaza War in 2008 and 2009. Why are there so many balloons in this house during a war, when there is no celebration occurring?
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="9HHh1q">
That night, we see the residents of the house, a married couple, as they try to have sex. They draw toward each other, softly touching feet and thighs, but they are interrupted by the sound of bombs, which makes their infant cry. The husband then takes a condom, blows it up, and lets it float through the apartment wherever it may land — on the floor, on the bookcase, on their child. We realize this is his compulsion, a coping technique, a way of keeping score of what is taken from them.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Px7hI9">
Over the last seven weeks, life in <a href="https://www.vox.com/2018/11/20/18080046/gaza-palestine-israel">Gaza</a> has been quite literally unimaginable. Following the <a href="https://www.vox.com/2023/10/7/23907323/israel-war-hamas-attack-explained-southern-israel-gaza">October 7 attacks by Hamas</a> that killed 1,200 Israelis and <a href="https://www.vox.com/world-politics/23910641/israel-hamas-war-gaza-palestine-explainer">Israel’s subsequent siege of Gaza</a> with its 13,000 Palestinian deaths, there have been <a href="https://www.vox.com/world-politics/2023/10/29/23937655/israel-ground-assault-gaza-hamas-explained">intermittent</a> <a href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-67441025">communications blackouts</a> in the territory. The siege has meant Palestinians are contending with a full-blown <a href="https://www.vox.com/world-politics/2023/11/11/23956555/israel-hamas-war-gaza-humanitarian-pauses-explained-hospitals-shifa">humanitarian crisis</a>, including attacks on <a href="https://www.vox.com/world-politics/2023/11/5/23947500/israel-hamas-war-civilian-infrastructure-ceasefire-protests">refugee camps</a> and <a href="https://www.vox.com/world-politics/2023/11/6/23949597/gaza-al-shifa-hospitals-supplies-airstrikes">hospitals</a> and <a href="https://www.vox.com/world-politics/2023/11/9/23945651/west-bank-israeli-settler-palestine-gaza-war-violence">increased violence in the West Bank</a>. Even knowing all that, communication failures and incredible <a href="https://www.cnn.com/2023/10/11/media/gaza-journalists-reliable-sources/index.html">challenges for journalists</a> mean there is so much we don’t know.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="mA98L4">
This story, however, did not begin in October 2023; the <a href="https://www.vox.com/2018/11/20/18080002/israel-palestine-conflict-history-overview-map">roots of the conflict</a> reach much further back. By understanding what came before, and what everyday life looks like for people, couples, and families under occupation, we can add to our understanding of what’s happening now and how we got here. A selection of short films, all easily available on <a href="https://www.vox.com/netflix">Netflix</a>, from Palestinian directors can give viewers outside the region a sense of the alienation, oppression, and human longing that have characterized life in the territories for decades. These films tell the story of trying to make a life under sustained duress.
</p>
<figure class="e-image">
<img alt="An apartment hallway with balloons all over the ground." src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/2UMA9_rwtcDjspDXOHzG6xtn1E8=/800x0/filters:no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/25115429/Screen_Shot_2023_11_27_at_12.58.36_PM.png"/> <cite>Netflix</cite>
<figcaption>
A film still from <em>Condom Lead </em>shows one couple’s thwarted intimacy.
</figcaption>
</figure>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="2z5C5Y">
By the end of the 15-minute <em>Condom Lead</em>, the apartment is even more full of balloons, representing 22 days since the couple has successfully had sex. Each balloon stands for a missed opportunity for communion, intimacy, and love. Each balloon represents an act of Israeli aggression, an occupation whose chokehold is so strong it invades even this couple’s bed. We’re not told what this couple’s plans for children are, but judging by the condoms, we know they’re not looking to conceive right now. We know, at least, that their home is currently being bombed. Not only has the military assault made having children feel fraught and dangerous, but it has taken away the opportunity for closeness.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="hz94fP">
The specter of the Israeli forces looms large throughout these films, but maybe nowhere so intensely as in the Israeli prison system, the location of writer-director Rakan Mayasi’s<em> Bonboné </em>(2017). In this film, a Palestinian woman (Rana Alamuddin) smuggles sperm from her imprisoned husband (Saleh Bakri) so that she can become pregnant.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="gcgfEf">
When director Mayasi, who, like many members of the Palestinian diaspora is prevented by the Israeli occupation to visit or live in Palestine, heard stories of couples navigating love and procreation amid the prison system, he felt an urge to put it in his art. “The strength, beauty, and creativity of resisting occupation with love is a subject that needs to be told,” he says.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="0S0Oaa">
The Israeli prison system is harrowing for Palestinians. The <a href="https://www.btselem.org/publications/summaries/201512_backed_by_the_system">testimony of Mazen Abu ’Arish</a>, a 22-year-old surveyor from the <a href="https://www.vox.com/2018/11/20/18080034/west-bank-israel-palestinians">West Bank</a> who spent 20 days in solitary confinement in <a href="https://www.vox.com/israel">Israel</a>’s Shikma prison, speaks clearly to the spirit-breaking conditions; “In there, you have no room to move and no desire to do a thing,” he wrote.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="5C9STe">
<em>Bonboné </em>is set against this backdrop and addresses “the issue of reproduction, both sexual and social,” says <a href="https://lsa.umich.edu/ac/people/faculty/ucable.html">Umayyah Cable</a>, a Palestinian-American professor at the University of Michigan who researches the role that art, film, and media play in the mobilization of Palestine solidarity politics. The film speaks “to anxieties and worries about Palestinian sexuality, the nuclear family, intimacy, and the literal reproduction of Palestinian society.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="mMMJHH">
Israel does not allow conjugal visits for prisoners, so smuggling sperm is the only way families can reproduce when a partner is incarcerated. In 2020, Walid Daqqah, sentenced to life in prison, petitioned the Israeli court to allow him to have children with his wife San Salameh in a fertility clinic. His request was denied, so he smuggled his sperm to his wife, leading to the birth of their daughter Milad, whose name means “birth” in Arabic. This story inspired Mayasi. “I think such a story needs to be told,” the director told <a href="https://www.shortoftheweek.com/2020/07/21/bonbone/">Short of the Week</a>. “It is so beautiful to defy occupation and resist with love and life.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="pHYgLn">
Conceiving in this way has an inevitable element of dehumanization, but it also shows how Palestinians resist their oppression. <em>Bonboné</em> doesn’t shy away from humiliation; the film shows the husband trying to masturbate as practice the night before but having trouble, his attempts constantly interrupted by sounds of prison guard announcements and metal cages clinging. It’s clear that here, in this prison, he cannot connect with himself in such an intimate way. When his wife comes the next day, her body is violated by the Israeli female prison guard, who makes her strip naked, puts her hands in her hair, and forces her to bend over and squat.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Y6ZSgl">
“The Israeli state is extremely preoccupied with Palestinian reproduction,” Cable says. “Demographically, Palestinians outnumber Jewish Israelis. As we know from apartheid South Africa and the Jim Crow South in the US, minority rule over a majority population is not only frowned upon by human rights agencies and the United Nations, it’s recognized as anti-democratic.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="SEfCYU">
In 2021, an Israeli professor <a href="https://www.israelhayom.com/2021/07/11/its-all-about-demography-stupid/">argued</a> in the right-wing tabloid Israel Hayom that, “Our strategy has to be demographic expansion and blocking Arab-Muslim migration to Israel. If we don’t understand that victory in the conflict — Jewish, or, God forbid, Arab — is demographic in nature rather than military, then we will lose.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="ekddLo">
<em>Bonboné</em> doesn’t end the story with degradation, choosing instead to give the couple moments of love and eroticism. When the wife sees her husband, she is joyous and hopeful, asking what they will name the child if he is a boy. When her husband informs her that he might have difficulty performing, she takes it upon herself to arouse him right there through the glass. It’s not particularly graphic, but it is beautiful. She focuses the fantasy on a time when he was free, when they made love during a stolen moment at his brother’s engagement party, when they felt connected to each other and to their community. It is hard to tell if his arousal is physical or emotional, whether he is imagining his wife’s body or simply imagining being free, being allowed to connect with another human.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="7Cildv">
“I generally like to deconstruct stereotypes and challenge norms, and I found <em>Bonboné</em> a fruitful opportunity to do that. It innately has lovemaking in it, it is never an added scene or an added tool in the film; it is the central idea the film is built around,” director Mayasi tells Vox. “Taking the film into the genre of sensual eroticism has given the film a louder and bolder voice. This also changed the power dynamic at the prison, the couple were stronger than their occupiers.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="TjW7BJ">
Despite prison conditions, the husband in <em>Bonboné</em> is able to feel desire and connection, even through the glass. Victorious, his wife retrieves the semen from him, smuggled in a candy wrapper (hence the title, a play on the French word for candy). On the way home, her bus is stopped by soldiers who search the bus. Once again, her attempt at a family is threatened. But she is not deterred, looking around to make sure the women are either asleep or looking away, and inseminates herself right there on the bus. It is an ending that has triumph, agency, and resilience, a portrait of a people who refuse to be denied their humanity.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="uaWdsI">
As Palestinian film director Farah Nabulsi, director of <em>The Present</em> (2020), tells Vox, the systemic tyranny Palestinians face spreads to the “realm of love and intimacy.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="srdvHi">
“The pervasive stress and anxiety of living in a constant state of fear can create emotional distance and conflict in intimate relationships. Restrictions on movement and segregation policies can severely limit opportunities for meeting partners and maintaining relationships,” Nabulsi says.
</p>
<figure class="e-image">
<img alt="a man and a little girl trying to pass through a security checkpoint" src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/-zH6BP8qiY6wFrfH-stTuDypdYA=/800x0/filters:no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/25115433/Screen_Shot_2023_11_27_at_12.56.02_PM.png"/> <cite>Netflix</cite>
<figcaption>
A still from <em>The Present</em>, showing father and daughter trying to pass a security checkpoint.
</figcaption>
</figure>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="TQhJQd">
In <em>The Present</em>, Nabulsi’s film, a father in the West Bank named Yusuf (Saleh Bakri) and his daughter Yasmin (Maryam Kanj) set out on what seems a simple task: buying his wife and her mother Noor (Mariam Basha) an anniversary present — specifically, a new refrigerator. But the labyrinth of checkpoints and violence inflicted there makes what should have been a day of bonding between a daughter and father into a traumatic experience.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="FE8mPF">
When they first try to leave, the Israeli soldiers force Yusuf to wait in a holding pen with other men. He asks them not to because he is with his daughter, but his pleas only seem to make them more insistent on cruelty. Later, after he is released, he sees that Yasmin has urinated herself because the wait was so long and traumatic. When Yusuf expresses concern and tells her she should have spoken up, Yasmin says, “It’s okay, Dad. There was nothing you could do.” His face crumples upon hearing this. A parent’s job is to protect their child, and he is devastated to see that at such a young age, she is already learning that, in the occupation, there are limits to what her father can do to protect her.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Dh9WJV">
Nabulsi tells Vox that this story highlights how the occupation seeps its way into the fabric of family life for Palestinians. “In this hardship, the roots of their bond might grow deeper. The shared ordeal becomes a silent teacher of empathy. The young girl may come to understand the depth of her father’s struggles and the complexities of the world they navigate.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="DPgwnh">
It’s demonstrated to both of them again, at night, as they attempt to roll the fridge past the checkpoint. Even though their house is right there, in sight, the Israeli soldiers order them to take an hours-long detour. The soldiers dehumanize the family further, searching their grocery bags to find Yasmin’s soiled pants from before and taunting them. “You’re all disgusting,” one of the Israeli soldiers spits.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="3hp7yQ">
Yusuf pleads until he demands forcefully to be let through, resorting to yelling and banging on the table. It’s a terrifying moment: The Israeli soldier’s guns are pointed at him, and the audience imagines how this will end — a father shot to death in front of his daughter — but then we hear a creaking of the gate and see Yasmin, looking smaller than she has looked the entire film but somehow also stronger, rolling the refrigerator past the checkpoint herself. Yusuf and the soldiers are stunned, and Yusuf begins to walk alongside his daughter, who resolutely keeps going. It is a deeply sad triumph. And as Nabulsi points out, it is ultimately unrealistic.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="yrsULf">
“The stark reality often dictates a grim outcome — either an encounter with deadly force or the infliction of physical injury and/or arrest. But as a storyteller often drawn to the somber hues of human experience, I felt compelled to offer an ending with more hope,” Nabulsi says. “A suggestion that hinted at a brighter future, spearheaded by the youth — interestingly, a female. It’s her, and other youth like her, emerging resilient and assertive, who captivate my imagination.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="UZ4Shm">
“I remain a woman anchored by hope, by an unwavering faith in the strength and potential of my community,” Nabulsi continues. “This film is a testament to that belief: a narrative that ultimately chooses to embrace the possibility of change and the promise of a generation poised to redefine their destiny.”
</p></li>
<li><strong>What to know about the new FAFSA</strong> -
<figure>
<img alt="Flat illustrations of a golden dollar bill, a blue coin, a white bank facade with pillars, a pink graduation cap, and a long white receipt and pink pencil against a black background." src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/zWgAqs3j6_eNhrhsrlJAocB1sQE=/136x0:5136x3750/1310x983/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_image/image/72912097/GettyImages_1419915787.0.jpg"/>
<figcaption>
Getty Images/iStockphoto
</figcaption>
</figure>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
The application for getting federal financial aid has changed for 2024-2025. Here’s how to fill it out.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="r50YCH">
College tuition is a hefty sum for many students and their families in America: <a href="https://www.usnews.com/education/best-colleges/paying-for-college/articles/paying-for-college-infographic">Average yearly tuition</a> at a private university totals $42,162; $23,630 for public out-of-state tuition; and $10,662 for public in-state tuition. It’s no surprise, then, that over 85 percent of undergraduates are awarded some form of <a href="https://nces.ed.gov/programs/digest/d22/tables/dt22_331.20.asp">financial aid</a> — including federal aid, state and local grants and scholarships, institutional grants and scholarships, and <a href="https://www.vox.com/student-loan-debt">student loans</a> — according to data from the National Center for Education Statistics. The path to receiving money for college is through the <a href="https://studentaid.gov/h/apply-for-aid/fafsa">Free Application for Federal Student Aid</a>, or FAFSA. The <a href="https://studentaid.gov/help-center/answers/article/what-is-the-fafsa">FAFSA</a> is a form students and/or their parents complete to apply for federal grants, work-study funds, and loans. Many states and colleges also use this application to determine students’ eligibility for state and school financial aid, too. As the name says, it is completely free to submit the application.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="PAuyoM">
The FAFSA form usually opens for the following academic year <a href="https://www.nerdwallet.com/article/loans/student-loans/fafsa-deadline">on October 1</a> — <a href="https://studentaid.gov/help/renewal-fafsa">students must complete the form each year</a> — but the 2024-25 FAFSA form will be <a href="https://fsapartners.ed.gov/knowledge-center/library/electronic-announcements/2023-11-15/update-simplified-streamlined-redesigned-2024-25-fafsa">available by December 31, 2023</a>, due to changes in the application. That means if you are planning on attending college and want to receive financial aid for fall 2024 and spring 2025 semesters, this is the form you will complete. The Federal Student Aid office has a <a href="https://fsapartners.ed.gov/knowledge-center/topics/fafsa-simplification-information/2024-25-fafsa-updates">webpage dedicated to announcements related to the simplified FAFSA</a> that you can check regularly for any updates. The federal deadline to complete the <a href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/robertfarrington/2023/09/29/surprise-fafsa-for-2024-2025-school-year-opens-in-december/?sh=77fd9216244b">2024-25 FAFSA is June 30, 2025</a>, though <a href="https://studentaid.gov/apply-for-aid/fafsa/fafsa-deadlines">each college and state has its own deadline</a> (just a heads up, this link includes 2023-24 FAFSA deadlines; 2024-25 deadlines haven’t been posted yet) by which they need students to complete the form. Even though the federal deadline falls after the school year ends, financial aid<a href="https://www.nerdwallet.com/article/loans/student-loans/fafsa-deadline"> funds can be applied retroactively </a>to what you already paid that year for tuition.
</p>
<div class="c-float-right">
<div id="FVyu5v">
<div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="tXPksE">
If you have not previously applied for financial aid, <a href="https://studentaid.gov/fsa-id/create-account/launch">create a Federal Student Aid ID</a>, so you’re ready to start the application as soon as it goes live. “What parents and students can do now,” says Dean Bentley, the executive director of financial aid engagement at the <a href="https://www.collegeboard.org/">College Board,</a> “is to create a Federal Student Aid ID or FSA ID. The FSA ID is used to sign the FAFSA; it’ll be required for all students and parents or guardians who provide information on the FAFSA.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Si1BQC">
The <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UOgIb7StyPU">changes to the FAFSA include</a> a direct transfer of tax information from the IRS to the FAFSA form, increased <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2023/08/11/your-money/fafsa-changes-college-aid.html">eligibility for need-based grants</a>, and the elimination of a discount for families with multiple children in college. The application will also be more streamlined, offering an easier experience.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="J92oxZ">
There is <a href="https://studentaid.gov/understand-aid/eligibility">no income cut-off to be eligible for federal student aid</a>, so all college students are <a href="https://blog.collegeboard.org/what-is-the-fafsa">encouraged to apply</a>. The earlier you complete the form the better because <a href="https://studentaid.gov/resources/financial-aid-process-text">some aid is distributed on a first-come, first-served basis</a>. Whether it’s your first time applying for financial aid or you’re well-practiced, here’s a primer on how to complete the FAFSA, including tips for the new 2024-25 form.
</p>
<h3 id="VIhxIx">
Where do I find the FAFSA form?
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Mgl182">
The 2024-25 FAFSA form is <a href="https://studentaid.gov/h/apply-for-aid/fafsa">online at StudentAid.gov</a>. You’ll need to <a href="https://studentaid.gov/fsa-id/create-account/launch">create an FSA ID</a> in order to begin the form.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="mnXN2b">
If you’re a <a href="https://studentaid.gov/apply-for-aid/fafsa/filling-out/dependency">dependent student</a> — which is any student who is under 24; is not married and does not have legal dependents; is not a graduate or professional student; is not a veteran nor a member of the armed forces, or is not an emancipated minor — your parent or step-parent will need to create an FSA ID too so they can add their information to the form as a “<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ROtS0SnscMI">contributor</a>.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="ckLleL">
If you’re married, your spouse will also need to create an FSA ID. You’ll need a <a href="https://studentaid.gov/sites/default/files/creating-using-fsaid.pdf">Social Security number to get an FSA ID</a> right now, but those without Social Security numbers will soon be able to create an FSA ID without one, “probably right around the time the FAFSA opens,” says MorraLee Keller, the senior director of strategic programming at the <a href="https://www.ncan.org/">National College Attainment Network</a>.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="bPhHmi">
Contributors are one of the new features of the 2024-25 form. Anyone who will <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u8uubc08CDE&amp;list=PLtr3wy4M_CJ18cBXJb2r5mzyFoh9e9mcl&amp;index=3">provide tax and personal information to your FAFSA form</a> should be listed as a contributor. Contributors are determined by your dependency status, marital status, and tax filing status. (For example, a contributor for a student under the age of 24 will be their parent. Married students’ contributors will be their spouses.) Contributors, despite the name, are not expected to contribute money to your tuition, just information to your FAFSA form. Make sure the student and any contributors have their FSA ID ready to go before the application opens, Keller says.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="O5DutF">
<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u8uubc08CDE&amp;list=PLtr3wy4M_CJ18cBXJb2r5mzyFoh9e9mcl&amp;index=3">Contributors will receive an email</a> informing them that they need to complete information for the student’s FAFSA. Contributors should try to complete their portion sooner rather than later. If there is no activity on a FAFSA for 45 days, the form is deleted and you’ll have to start again, Keller says. Should your contributors need more time, a student can log into their FAFSA form to reset the 45-day window.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="NkTKlF">
The student’s FSA ID should be the one used to start the application as they are the one applying for the financial aid. If you’re filling out the FAFSA on behalf of your child, <a href="https://studentaid.gov/articles/steps-to-complete-fafsa-form/">make sure to select</a> “I am a parent filling out a FAFSA form for a student.”
</p>
<h3 id="XKueup">
What information should I have on hand?
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="OAFvvQ">
The FAFSA requires students and their parents to enter a <a href="https://studentaid.gov/help/info-needed">host of personal information</a>. Here’s what you should have readily available:
</p>
<ul>
<li id="9Xjnur">
Your date of birth, <a href="https://www.vox.com/social-programs">Social Security</a> number, address, and email.
</li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="aoQSgq">
Your parents’ Social Security numbers if you are a dependent student.
</li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="pSVIkP">
Your driver’s license number if you have one.
</li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="uHeK43">
If you are not a US citizen, your Alien Registration number.
</li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="QEbqfC">
Tax returns for you, your spouse (if you’re married), or your parents (if you’re a dependent student).
</li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="zU3dA0">
Records of child support received for you or your parents (if you’re a dependent student).
</li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="28D3OI">
Current balances of cash, savings, and checking accounts.
</li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Kezyed">
Net worth of investments, businesses, and farms.
</li>
</ul>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="UxYpsn">
As a part of the new FAFSA form, you’ll then need to provide consent and approval to import your federal tax information directly from the IRS. Your <a href="https://bigfuture.collegeboard.org/pay-for-college/financial-aid-basics/fafsa/how-to-complete-the-fafsa">family’s 2022 taxes must be completed</a> before you can import the tax information. If you are a non-tax filer, there will be a code that the IRS will fill in that indicates you don’t have a tax return on file, Keller says. “The parts that people may have had anxiety about in the past [like] making sure they’re putting in the right numbers,” she says, “that is going to be alleviated with this process.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="HmCEMF">
Further along in the form, the student or their parents can add up to <a href="https://studentaid.gov/apply-for-aid/fafsa/filling-out/school-list">20 colleges or career schools that will receive your information</a>. If you already know where you’re attending college — say, you’re a rising junior and have attended the same school since freshman year — add that college to the form. If you’re still in high school and have not committed to a college yet, <a href="https://studentaid.gov/apply-for-aid/fafsa/filling-out">add any school you applied to or plan on applying to</a>.
</p>
<h3 id="xj8S0O">
What about my parents?
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="0VGQc0">
If a dependent student is filling out the form on their own, they’ll be prompted to <a href="https://studentaid.gov/apply-for-aid/fafsa/filling-out/parent-info">fill in their parents’ full names, Social Security numbers, dates of birth, and email addresses</a> so they can fill in their information separately. If the student’s parents are divorced or separated, the parent the student lived with more during the last year will need to fill out their portion of the FAFSA. If the student spent equal time with each parent, the one who <a href="https://studentaid.gov/apply-for-aid/fafsa/filling-out/parent-info">provides most financial support</a> should fill out the FAFSA.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="11vlJb">
<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c7yWZyZfyEg">Parent contributors will need</a> their tax returns, records of child support received, current balances of cash, savings, and checking accounts, and net worth of investments, businesses, and farms. “Families that have income above $60,000 will need to report assets like cash savings, checking, real estate, stocks, bonds, and the net value of their small business or family farm,” Keller says. “While that sounds complicated, there’s a lot of instructions to help families understand,” Bentley says. “There’s even an overview video that they’ll be able to watch when they start the application.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="NcYPdx">
A dependent student’s FAFSA form is <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3c0jWxxyx6s&amp;list=PLtr3wy4M_CJ2Hrd0UwCAWJOgOPu8l_ZLf&amp;index=4">not completed until their parent (and other contributors) completes their section</a>.
</p>
<h3 id="SVzFZB">
What is the deadline to apply?
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="63JXIA">
Again, the earlier you apply after the application opens the better. However, there are some <a href="https://blog.collegeboard.org/what-is-the-fafsa">deadlines worth keeping in mind</a>. Each school has a different deadline for when you need to submit your FAFSA form, so check with your school (or the schools you applied to) to see when you need to submit your application for financial aid. <a href="https://studentaid.gov/apply-for-aid/fafsa/fafsa-deadlines#state">Every state has a different deadline</a>, too: For example, last year’s deadline to be considered for financial aid for the 2023-24 school year at a college in Maine was May 1, 2023. (Expect updated deadlines to be announced once the 2024-25 FAFSA form rolls out.) Federally, June 30 is the last day you can apply for financial aid for the upcoming school year.
</p>
<h3 id="UuWWnK">
What should I expect after I submit my FAFSA form?
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Qvvt7D">
After you and your contributors have finalized and sent off your FAFSA form, the Office of Federal Student Aid will review your information and it will be shared with the schools you listed. Because of the delayed rollout of the 2024-25 FAFSA, schools will not receive the FAFSA information <a href="https://fsapartners.ed.gov/knowledge-center/library/electronic-announcements/2023-11-15/update-simplified-streamlined-redesigned-2024-25-fafsa">until the end of January</a>. This will most impact incoming first-year college students who perhaps are waiting to receive financial aid offers from multiple schools before making a decision. Bentley suggests staying on top of communications from each school (including whether or not the school sends messages via mail, email, or text), reaching out to the schools’ financial aid offices proactively, and checking each school’s financial aid website for updates.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="XaCjk6">
Students should receive an email indicating that their FAFSA has been processed and sent to the listed colleges. You can log in to your Federal Student Aid account and check to see if you need to take any further action with your form.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="1MP826">
Then, you’ll receive a FAFSA Submission Summary, which includes a <a href="https://studentaid.gov/aid-estimator/">Student Aid Index,</a> a new term, which determines how much financial aid you could receive. Schools will use this number to create your financial aid offer.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="sMqNza">
Your college may reach out if they need additional documentation or information.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="5mcHRN">
“The student,” Keller says, “will be waiting on the award notification to let them know how much financial aid they will have for next year, whether that’s federal and state aid, as well as institutional aid. So that award notification would be the primary document that the student is waiting on to receive after they file their FAFSA.”
</p>
<h3 id="xdBjNM">
Can I see what this year’s form will look like?
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="0nuGDN">
The Federal Student Aid office released a <a href="https://fsapartners.ed.gov/knowledge-center/library/electronic-announcements/2023-09-29/announcing-2024-25-fafsa-prototype">prototype of the new FAFSA application process</a> so users can walk through the application process with mock names and scenarios. You can complete the application from the vantage point of both a student and a parent to get a feel for the questions that will be asked and the information needed.
</p></li>
<li><strong>Local police should not be your go-to source for iPhone safety news</strong> -
<figure>
<img alt="A photo of an iPhone showing the iOS 17 logo." src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/TWNWXU1CcTzetQ_hd4kdkBw1_AU=/364x0:6593x4672/1310x983/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_image/image/72912039/GettyImages_1750239496.0.jpg"/>
<figcaption>
Some police departments say kids could be in danger of accidentally sharing their contact info using NameDrop in iOS 17. This isn’t exactly true. | Jaap Arriens/NurPhoto via Getty Images
</figcaption>
</figure>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
A warning about the NameDrop feature on iOS 17 is just the latest in a long history of misleading Facebook posts from law enforcement.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="kRBojN">
Warnings about NameDrop, a feature on <a href="https://www.vox.com/apple">Apple</a>’s iOS 17 that allows users to share contact information, have spread like an annoying chain letter across police department <a href="https://www.vox.com/facebook">Facebook</a> pages over the past few days. These warnings were misleading, but social media posts about online threats to kids don’t have to be true to get views.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="StBVfl">
Dozens of police departments, some getting thousands of shares and generating media coverage, posted nearly identical alerts claiming that NameDrop would automatically allow strangers to steal your personal information just by placing their phone close to yours. (NameDrop, <a href="https://www.wired.com/story/apple-iphone-namedrop-ios17/">as Wired explained</a>, is enabled by default in Apple’s iOS 17 update, but sharing information between two unlocked phones requires users to actively consent to doing so in each instance, making a scenario such as the one described above virtually impossible.)
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One post from the Watertown Police Department in Connecticut warned that “anyone can place their phone next to yours (or your child’s phone) and automatically receive their contact information to include their picture, phone number, email address and more,” so long as the phone was unlocked. This post alone was shared at least 1,500 times on Facebook and is cited in <a href="https://www.wfsb.com/2023/11/26/police-are-warning-iphone-users-about-latest-update/">multiple</a> local <a href="https://www.wtnh.com/news/police-warning-parents-about-new-iphone-feature/">news</a> <a href="https://www.nbcconnecticut.com/news/national-international/police-warn-parents-of-new-iphone-feature-after-ios-17-update-should-you-be-concerned/3158112/">segments</a>.
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The warning about Apple’s new NameDrop feature isn’t particularly interesting in isolation: a run-of-the-mill exaggerated panic about yet another digital danger facing children. But taken in context, it’s a great example of the role that law enforcement social media presences can play in spreading urban legends and moral panics, from viral teen challenges to <a href="https://www.vox.com/the-goods/23034255/state-of-weed-thc-snacks-beverages-artet-potli">THC</a>-laced Halloween candy.
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Rumors like these are probably getting shared, in part, for the same reasons they’re likely to be believed: Nobody wants to be the one who ignored a warning about a danger that led to a child being harmed. But also, this genre of legend gets views on social media, which can grow the influence and authority of the poster. And some experts are warning that there’s more at stake here than just the follower counts of a local sheriff’s department on Facebook.
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Social media has helped local police more directly speak to the public without the filter of verification via media coverage, according to <a href="https://newhouse.syracuse.edu/people/jennifer-grygiel">Jennifer Grygiel</a>, an associate professor of communications at Syracuse University. Like anyone else looking for social media engagement, police departments are incentivized to post things that get views. Sometimes, that can be pretty innocuous: a <a href="https://www.vox.com/internet-culture">meme</a> here, a cute pic of a police dog there. Other times, it includes amplifying moral panics. The effect is the same.
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“I love a police dog too. But if you’re doing it to grow your audience on Facebook — which grows your police department in your local town bigger than the local newspaper’s Facebook page, if you even have a local newspaper now — then that’s a problem,” Grygiel said.
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Police have long played a role in shaping and adding credibility to urban legends. <a href="https://chass.usu.edu/english/directory/lynne-mcneill">Lynne McNeill</a>, an associate professor of folklore at Utah State University, points to a number of examples from the 1980s centered around fears about “gang warfare,” she explained, including the “lights-out legend.” You’ve likely heard this story: Gang members are driving around with their headlights off, waiting to kill the next Good Samaritan who flashes their headlights at them. Over the course of her research, McNeill says she’s seen multiple examples of this <a href="https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/lights-out/">unfounded</a> legend appearing on flyers distributed by police as public service warnings.
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But in the past two decades, social media has supercharged the role that local law enforcement and other government agencies can play in amplifying unverified stories and dubious rumors, allowing warnings to spread quicker and farther than a photocopied flier. A brief review of the dozens of posts by local police departments on Facebook about the NameDrop feature reveals how similar these posts read to one another, as though some departments were just copying and pasting portions of those warnings from each other, riding the wave of attention from local community to local community.
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As unverified posts from authorities like these spread, they begin creating their own authority. Now, a random fear about a new iPhone feature or a recipe for <a href="https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/kelseyweekman/nyquil-chicken-fda-warning-tiktok-trend">NyQuil Chicken</a> isn’t just coming from nowhere, McNeill noted. “When people share the news in the less authoritative realms of talk and conversation and rumor, then they have that referenced authority,” she said, whether it’s a local police station or the <a href="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/recipe-danger-social-media-challenges-involving-medicines">Federal Drug Administration</a>.
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The panic about NameDrop is, at least, relatively simple to debunk. It just requires a cursory look at how the Apple feature actually works. But sometimes, these stories contain just enough truth to make fact-checking difficult. McNeill brought up the example of the Momo Challenge, which caused a round of panicked warnings in 2019 about a “trending” game in which kids were being blackmailed into self-harm. By that point, the idea of the Momo Challenge had been around the internet for years and had been linked to as many as three deaths. Fears about it as an online trend in 2019 were entirely <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2019/03/01/momo-challenge-isnt-viral-danger-children-online-it-sure-is-viral/">unfounded</a>; the “trend” traced back to an anonymous post in a community Facebook group in the UK before being picked up by local news and law enforcement social media pages.
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In theory, journalists could and should play a role in verifying these stories as they emerge from the official social media accounts of government institutions. But Grygiel’s research indicates that the <a href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/17512786.2020.1759123">opposite is happening in some cases</a>. Local broadcast news increasingly seems to play a passive role in amplifying social media posts from police departments, they said. And while that might make it much easier for understaffed newsrooms to cover conversations happening within their communities, it’s also shifting the “watchdog” role of media away from local journalists and toward local police departments.
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In any case, there are <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2023/11/25/technology/instagram-meta-children-privacy.html">plenty of real things to worry about</a> at the intersection of child safety and technology that don’t simply recycle the decades-old <a href="https://www.vox.com/culture/22358153/satanic-panic-ritual-abuse-history-conspiracy-theories-explained">stranger-danger moral panic</a>.
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="hA2MHz">
<em>A version of this story was also published in the Vox Technology newsletter. </em><a href="https://www.vox.com/pages/newsletters"><em><strong>Sign up here</strong></em></a><em> so you don’t miss the next one!</em>
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</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-the-hindu-sports">From The Hindu: Sports</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Chennai races for Nov. 30 and Dec. 1 cancelled</strong> -</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Serrano and Fighton catch the eye</strong> -</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Siege Courageous, Honest Desire, Prophecy and Nirvana shine</strong> -</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Daily Quiz | On FC Barcelona</strong> - A quiz on FC Barcelona, one of the world’s most sporting teams, that had its genesis on November 29, 1899</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>BCCI extends Dravid’s contract but tenure yet to be decided, Laxman to remain at NCA</strong> - BCCI secretary Jay Shah said that Dravid will have the “full backing” of the board, moving forward in his endeavour to win the ICC Trophy, which is missing from the cabinet for the last decade</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-the-hindu-national-news">From The Hindu: National News</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Here are the big stories from Karnataka today</strong> - Welcome to the Karnataka Today newsletter, your guide from The Hindu on the major news stories to follow today. Curated and written by Nalme Nachiyar.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Mangaluru blast case: NIA files chargesheet against two accused</strong> - One of the chargesheeted individuals, Mohamed Shariq, had been carrying the pressure cooker IED in an auto-rickshaw when it exploded on November 19, 2022</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>J&amp;K Police book NIT student for ‘hurting religious sentiments’ in Srinagar</strong> - Protests spread in the Kashmir Valley following reports of an objectionable post shared on social media by the student</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>T.N. CM Stalin inaugurates women’s college in Tiruppur; underlines DMK’s commitment to Kongu region’s development</strong> - The CM, during the virtual inauguration of the college that has been set up by the Kongu Vellalar Trust, also took a dig at the AIADMK for reportedly not having helped with the college’s establishment while it was in power</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Nitin Gadkari flags off luxury cruise vessel ‘Classic Imperial’ in Kerala</strong> - Nitin Gadkari says cruise tourism holds great prospects for India, specially Kerala, in the background of the decision to convert rivers into waterways</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-bbc-europe">From BBC: Europe</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>How the Elgin Marbles scream injustice for most Greeks</strong> - After talks between UK and Greek leaders are cancelled, our Europe correspondent gauges the response in Athens.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Dutch version of Omid Scobie book pulled over race row ‘error’</strong> - It appears the book mistakenly named a Royal Family member alleged to have questioned the skin colour of Harry and Meghan’s baby.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Finland to close entire Russian border after migrant surge</strong> - The last open crossing, in the Arctic Circle, will close on Thursday night, the government says.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Ukraine spy chief’s wife poisoned, says Kyiv</strong> - Heavy metals were used to poison Kyrylo Budanov’s wife, Marianna, an intelligence official tells the BBC.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Joanna Parrish murder: French serial killer’s ex-wife tried in student cold case</strong> - Monique Olivier goes on trial in France 33 years after Joanna Parrish was found dead in a river.</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-ars-technica">From Ars Technica</h1>
<ul>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>ownCloud vulnerability with maximum 10 severity score comes under “mass” exploitation</strong> - Easy-to-exploit flaw can give hackers passwords and cryptographic keys to vulnerable servers. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1986988">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A Victorian naturalist traded aboriginal remains in a scientific quid pro quo</strong> - Morton Allport acquired his specimens through networks and sometimes grave-robbing - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1986689">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Mother plucker: Steel fingers guided by AI pluck weeds rapidly and autonomously</strong> - AI applications like the Ekobot may help the people and the environment. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1983392">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Backlash over fake female speakers shuts down developer conference</strong> - Male organizer also accused of secretly running female coder Instagram account. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1986849">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Car dealers say they can’t sell EVs, tell Biden to slow their rollout</strong> - The US already lags far behind China and Europe, but we’re going too fast, dealers say. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1986891">link</a></p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-jokes-subreddit">From Jokes Subreddit</h1>
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<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A Dutch person and a Saudi person walk into a bar.</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF --></p>
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They each agreed for a tour of their country under one condition about the homosexuals. The Saudi and Dutch thought they had very similar beliefs about gays. However, once at Saudi Arabia, the Dutch was mortified at all of the brutal death penalty methods used for homosexuality. At the Netherlands, the Saudi was mortified to see tons and tons of gay people smoking weed out of peace pipes and such. They simultaneously said in utter shock and confusion, with a bit of betrayal; “What the hell? I thought you said your nation was the land of gays getting stoned!”
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/Idiotaddictedto2Hou"> /u/Idiotaddictedto2Hou </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/186a4vp/a_dutch_person_and_a_saudi_person_walk_into_a_bar/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/186a4vp/a_dutch_person_and_a_saudi_person_walk_into_a_bar/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>When I turned 18, I went down to the courthouse to petition to change my name.</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF --></p>
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The clerk asked me why. “Just look at my application,” I said. “If you were named Oskar Von Wootengootenbootenshoot, wouldn’t you want something different?”
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The clerk said, “I suppose you’ve got a point.”
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I said, “Yeah, I don’t like Oskar, either.”
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/___HeyGFY___"> /u/<strong><em>HeyGFY</em></strong> </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/1860yxl/when_i_turned_18_i_went_down_to_the_courthouse_to/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/1860yxl/when_i_turned_18_i_went_down_to_the_courthouse_to/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>I went to the doctor this morning and he told me that my cholesterol level was way too high.</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF --></p>
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He then told me to stay away from fatty and unhealthy foods. Thus, with a heavy heart, I made a profound decision. I decided that I will never be going back to that doctor again.
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/Hervey_Copeland"> /u/Hervey_Copeland </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/186lhnu/i_went_to_the_doctor_this_morning_and_he_told_me/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/186lhnu/i_went_to_the_doctor_this_morning_and_he_told_me/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A cannibal complains to his friend that he has heartburn.</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF --></p>
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Cannibal 1 continues: “I think it was this Franciscan monk I ate yesterday”
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Cannibal 2 asks: “Really, how’d you cook him?”
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Cannibal 1 says, “I boiled him”<br/> Cannibal 2 says, “There’s your problem, you shouldn’t boil a Franciscan, they’re friars”
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/justfriendshappens"> /u/justfriendshappens </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/18690e3/a_cannibal_complains_to_his_friend_that_he_has/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/18690e3/a_cannibal_complains_to_his_friend_that_he_has/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>My neighbor is a 90 year old with alzheimer’s,</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF --></p>
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I see him every morning and he asks me If I’ve seen his wife. Everyday I have to tell this poor man that his wife died 20 years ago. I could have moved to another house or even ignore his question. But the look of joy in his eyes whenever I answer him is worth the world.
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/arztnur"> /u/arztnur </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/1862q1p/my_neighbor_is_a_90_year_old_with_alzheimers/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/1862q1p/my_neighbor_is_a_90_year_old_with_alzheimers/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
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