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<h1 data-aos="fade-down" id="covid-19-sentry">Covid-19 Sentry</h1>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" data-aos-anchor-placement="top-bottom" id="contents">Contents</h1>
<ul>
<li><a href="#from-preprints">From Preprints</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-clinical-trials">From Clinical Trials</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-pubmed">From PubMed</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-patent-search">From Patent Search</a></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-preprints">From Preprints</h1>
<ul>
<li><strong>Now You See Me, Now You Don’t: Student Engagement, Student Instructor Relationship and Webcam Use in Synchronous Courses</strong> -
<div>
One of the changes brought about by the COVID-19 pandemic was compulsory online learning, the success of which partly depends on feelings of belongingness and connectedness that are enhanced when students use a webcam. While there is ample research on online learning, webcam use is underexplored. The aim of the study was to examine the relationship between student engagement, webcam use (WU), and student-instructor relationship (SIR). It was hypothesized that that student engagement would be positively correlated with WU and SIR would mediate this relationship. Females were expected to report higher WU frequency than males. Differences in WU between a private and public institution were also explored. An online survey was administered to 63 undergraduate students from private and public institutions in Greece. Students completed the University Student Engagement Inventory, and the Instructor connectedness and anxiety subscales from the Student-Instructor Relationship Scale. There was a positive correlation between student engagement and WU, while SIR did not mediate the relationship. The hypothesis regarding gender differences was not supported. Webcam use frequency was higher among private college students. The aim of the study was to shed light to the new learning circumstances and identify possible factors that are related to student engagement.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://osf.io/ky2r7/" target="_blank">Now You See Me, Now You Don’t: Student Engagement, Student Instructor Relationship and Webcam Use in Synchronous Courses</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Pathology and Anticatalysis treatment of exacerbated COVID-19</strong> -
<div>
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) induces various systemic coronavirus diseases 2019 (COVID-19). Its pathophysiologies involve 1 the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) pathway, 2 Neuropilins (NRPs) Pathway, 3 The sterile alpha motif (SAM) and histi-dine-aspartate domain (HD)-containing protein 1 (SAMHD1) tetramerization pathway 4 Inflammasome ac-tivation pathways, 5 Cytosolic DNA sensor cyclic-GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS)/stimulator of interferon genes (STING) (cGAS–STING) signaling pathway, 6 Spike protein pathway, and 7 Immunological memory en-gram pathway. COVID-19 exacerbates immune-mediated diseases whose metabolisms use 1. ACE2, TLR4 in the brain, 2. SAMHD1 tetramerization and cGAS–STING-NLRP3 signaling, 3. inflammasome–spike protein–genetic activation, and 4. innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) with NRPs. Immune triad: Aspirin, Dapsone, and Dexamethasone to treat COVID-19 have worked harmoniously with modulating ILCs. Therefore, it is necessary to prescribe this triad to alleviate and block the pathologic course due to diverse and subsequent SARS-CoV-2 variants.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://osf.io/t9wjz/" target="_blank">Pathology and Anticatalysis treatment of exacerbated COVID-19</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Protective non-neutralizing mAbs targets conserved opsonic epitopes on SARS-CoV-2 variants</strong> -
<div>
Antibodies play a central role in the immune defense against SARS-CoV-2. Strong evidence has shown that non-neutralizing antibodies (nnAbs) are important for anti-SARS-Cov-2 immunity through Fc-mediated effector functions. These nnAbs bind to epitopes that could be less subjected to mutations in the emerging variants. When protective, such nnAbs would constitute a more promising alternative to neutralizing mAbs (nAbs). Here, we show that six nnAbs retain binding to Omicron, while two nAbs do not. Furthermore, two of our nnAbs, which are protective in vivo, retained binding to XBB, XBB.1.5, and BQ.1.1. They appear to bind to conserved epitopes on the N-terminal and receptor binding domain (RBD), respectively. As a proof of concept, we show that these protective non-neutralizing antibodies retain potent Fc-mediated opsonic function against BQ.1.1 and XBB. We also show that the Fc-mediated function is further enhanced by expressing the antibodies in the IgG3 subclass and combining them into a dual antibody cocktail. Our work suggests that opsonizing nnAbs could be a viable strategy for anti-SARS-CoV-2 mAb therapies against current and future SARS-CoV-2 variants.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.29.560084v1" target="_blank">Protective non-neutralizing mAbs targets conserved opsonic epitopes on SARS-CoV-2 variants</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Contributions of hyperactive mutations in Mpro from SARS-CoV-2 to drug resistance</strong> -
<div>
The appearance and spread of mutations that cause drug resistance in rapidly evolving diseases, including infections by SARS-CoV-2 virus, are major concerns for human health. Many drugs target enzymes, and resistant mutations impact inhibitor binding and/or enzyme activity. The most widely used inhibitors currently used to treat SARS-CoV-2 infections, including nirmatrelvir, target the main protease (Mpro) preventing it from processing viral polyproteins into active subunits. Previous work has systematically analyzed resistance mutations in Mpro that reduce binding to inhibitors, and here we investigate mutations that affect enzyme function. Hyperactive mutations that increase Mpro activity can contribute to drug resistance both directly by requiring elevated inhibitor concentrations to reduce function to critical levels and indirectly by increasing tolerance to mutations that reduce both substrate turnover and inhibitor binding. We comprehensively assessed how all possible individual mutations in Mpro affect enzyme function using a mutational scanning approach with a FRET-based yeast readout. We identified hundreds of mutations that significantly increased Mpro activity. Hyperactive mutations occurred both proximal and distal to the active site, consistent with protein stability and/or dynamics impacting activity. Hyperactive mutations were observed three times more than mutations that reduced apparent binding to nirmatrelvir in laboratory grown viruses selected for drug resistance and were also about three times more prevalent than nirmatrelvir binding mutations in sequenced isolates from circulating SARS-CoV-2. Our findings indicate that hyperactive mutations are likely to contribute to the natural evolution of drug resistance in Mpro and provide a comprehensive list for future surveillance efforts.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.28.560010v1" target="_blank">Contributions of hyperactive mutations in Mpro from SARS-CoV-2 to drug resistance</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Discovery of First-in-Class PROTAC Degraders of SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease</strong> -
<div>
We have witnessed three coronavirus (CoV) outbreaks in the past two decades, including the COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2. Main protease (MPro) is a highly conserved and essential protease that plays key roles in viral replication and pathogenesis among various CoVs, representing one of the most attractive drug targets for antiviral drug development. Traditional antiviral drug development strategies focus on the pursuit of high-affinity binding inhibitors against MPro. However, this approach often suffers from issues such as toxicity, drug resistance, and a lack of broad-spectrum efficacy. Targeted protein degradation represents a promising strategy for developing next-generation antiviral drugs to combat infectious diseases. Here we leverage the proteolysis targeting chimera (PROTAC) technology to develop a new class of small-molecule antivirals that induce the degradation of SARS-CoV-2 MPro. Our previously developed MPro inhibitors MPI8 and MPI29 were used as MPro ligands to conjugate a CRBN E3 ligand, leading to compounds that can both inhibit and degrade SARS-CoV-2 MPro. Among them, MDP2 was demonstrated to effectively reduce MPro protein levels in 293T cells (DC50 = 296 nM), relying on a time-dependent, CRBN-mediated, and proteasome-driven mechanism. Furthermore, MPD2 exhibited remarkable efficacy in diminishing MPro protein levels in SARS-CoV-2-infected A549-ACE2 cells, concurrently demonstrating potent anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity (EC50 = 492 nM). This proof-of-concept study highlights the potential of PROTAC-mediated targeted protein degradation of MPro as an innovative and promising approach for COVID-19 drug discovery.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.29.560163v1" target="_blank">Discovery of First-in-Class PROTAC Degraders of SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>The Role of ATP Hydrolysis and Product Release in the Translocation Mechanism of SARS-CoV-2 NSP13</strong> -
<div>
In response to the emergence of COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, there has been a growing interest in understanding the functional mechanisms of the viral proteins to aid in the development of new therapeutics. Non-structural protein 13 (Nsp13) helicase is an attractive target for antivirals because it is essential for viral replication and has a low mutation rate; yet, the structural mechanisms by which this enzyme binds and hydrolyzes ATP to cause unidirectional RNA translocation remain elusive. Using Gaussian accelerated molecular dynamics (GaMD), we generated a comprehensive conformational ensemble of all substrate states along the ATP-dependent cycle. ShapeGMM clustering of the protein yields four protein conformations that describe an opening and closing of both the ATP pocket and RNA cleft. This opening and closing is achieved through a combination of conformational selection and induction along the ATP cycle. Furthermore, three protein-RNA conformations are observed that implicate motifs Ia, IV, and V as playing a pivotal role in an ATP-dependent inchworm translocation mechanism. Finally, based on a linear discriminant analysis of protein conformations, we identify L405 as a pivotal residue for the opening and closing mechanism and propose a L405D mutation as a way of testing our proposed mechanism. This research enhances our understanding of nsp13's role in viral replication and could contribute to the development of antiviral strategies.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.28.560057v1" target="_blank">The Role of ATP Hydrolysis and Product Release in the Translocation Mechanism of SARS-CoV-2 NSP13</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Network-based integrative multi-omics approach reveals biosignatures specific to COVID-19 disease phases.</strong> -
<div>
Background: COVID-19 disease is characterized by a spectrum of disease phases (mild, moderate, and severe). Each disease phase is marked by changes in omics profiles with corresponding changes in the expression of features (biosignatures). However, integrative analysis of multiple omics data from different experiments across studies to investigate biosignatures at various disease phases is limited. Exploring an integrative multi-omics profile analysis through a network approach could be used to determine biosignatures associated with specific disease phases and enable the examination of the relationships between the biosignatures. Aim: To identify and characterize biosignatures underlying various COVID-19 disease phases in an integrative multi-omics data analysis. Method: We leveraged the correlation network approach to integrate transcriptomics, metabolomics, proteomics, and lipidomics data. The World Health Organization (WHO) Ordinal Scale (WOS) was used as a disease severity reference to harmonize COVID-19 patient metadata across two studies with independent data. A unified COVID-19 knowledge graph was constructed by assembling a disease-specific interactome from the literature and databases. Disease-state omics-specific graphs were constructed by integrating multi-omics data with the unified COVID-19 knowledge graph. We expanded on the network layers of multiXrank, a random walk with restart on multilayer network algorithm, to explore disease state omics-specific graphs and perform enrichment analysis. Results: Network analysis revealed the biosignatures involved in inducing chemokines and inflammatory responses as hubs in the severe and moderate disease phases. We observed more shared biosignatures between severe and moderate disease phases as compared to mild-moderate and mild-severe disease phases. We further identified both biosignatures that discriminate between the disease states and interactions between biosignatures that are either common between or associated with COVID-19 disease phases. Interestingly, cross-layer interactions between different omics profiles increased with disease severity. Conclusion: This study identified both biosignatures of different omics types enriched in disease-related pathways and their associated interactions that are either common between or unique to mild, moderate, and severe COVID-19. These biosignatures include molecular features that underlie the observed clinical heterogeneity of COVID-19 and emphasize the need for disease-phase-specific treatment strategies. In addition, the approach implemented here can be used for other diseases.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.29.560110v1" target="_blank">Network-based integrative multi-omics approach reveals biosignatures specific to COVID-19 disease phases.</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Childhood Adversity and COVID-19 Outcomes: Findings from the UK Biobank</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Objectives. To investigate the association between childhood adversity and COVID-19-related hospitalization and COVID-19-related mortality in the UK Biobank. Design. Cohort study. Setting. United Kingdom. Participants. 151,200 participants in the UK Biobank cohort who had completed the Childhood Trauma Screen, were alive at the start of the COVID-19 pandemic (01-10-2021), and were still active in the UK Biobank when hospitalization and mortality data were most recently updated (11-2021). Main outcome measures. COVID-19-related hospitalization and COVID-19-related mortality. Results. Higher self-reports of childhood adversity were related to greater likelihood of COVID-19-related hospitalization in all statistical models. In models adjusted for age, ethnicity, and sex, childhood adversity was associated with an OR of 1.228 of hospitalization (95% CI=1.155 to 1.31, Childhood Adversity z=6.51, p&lt;0.005) and an OR of 1.25 of a COVID-19 related death (95% CI=1.11 to 1.425, Childhood Adversity z=3.53, p&lt;0.005). Adjustment for potential confounds attenuated these associations, although associations remained statistically significant. Conclusions. Childhood adversity was significantly associated with COVID-19-related hospitalization and COVID-19-related mortality after adjusting for sociodemographic and health confounders. Further research is needed to clarify the biological and psychosocial processes underlying these associations to inform public health intervention and prevention strategies to minimize COVID-19 disparities.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.20.23287479v2" target="_blank">Childhood Adversity and COVID-19 Outcomes: Findings from the UK Biobank</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Comparison of immunity induced by Omicron breakthrough infection versus monovalent SARS-CoV-2 intramuscular booster reveals differences in mucosal and systemic antibody responses</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Our understanding of the quality of cellular and humoral immunity conferred by COVID-19 vaccination alone versus vaccination plus SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough (BT) infection remains incomplete. While the current (2023) SARS-CoV-2 immune landscape of Canadians is complex, in late 2021 most Canadians had either just received a third dose of COVID-19 vaccine, or had received their two dose primary series and then experienced an Omicron BT. Herein we took advantage of this coincident timing to contrast cellular and humoral immunity conferred by three doses of vaccine versus two doses plus BT. Our results show that mild BT infection induces cell-mediated immune responses to variants comparable to an intramuscular vaccine booster dose. In contrast, BT subjects had higher salivary IgG and IgA levels against the Omicron Spike and enhanced reactivity to the ancestral Spike for the IgA isotype, which also reacted with SARS-CoV-1. Serum neutralizing antibody levels against the ancestral strain and the variants were also higher after BT infection. Our results support the need for mucosal vaccines to emulate the enhanced mucosal and humoral immunity induced by Omicron without exposing individuals to the risks associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.22.23295541v2" target="_blank">Comparison of immunity induced by Omicron breakthrough infection versus monovalent SARS-CoV-2 intramuscular booster reveals differences in mucosal and systemic antibody responses</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Measuring and increasing rates of self-isolation in the context of infectious diseases: A systematic review with narrative synthesis</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Background: Self-isolation was used to prevent the spread of COVID-19 and will likely be used in future infectious disease outbreaks. Method: We conducted a systematic review following PRISMA and SWiM guidelines. MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Embase, Web of Science, PsyArXiv, medRxiv, and grey literature sources were searched (1 January 2020 to 13 December 2022) using terms related to COVID-19, isolation, and adherence. Studies were included if they contained original, quantitative data of self-isolation adherence during the COVID-19 pandemic. We extracted definitions of self-isolation, measures used to quantify adherence, adherence rates, and factors associated with adherence. The review was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42022377820). Findings: We included 45 studies. Self-isolation was inconsistently defined. Only four studies did not use self-report to measure adherence. Of 41 studies using self-report measures, only one reported reliability; another gave indirect evidence for a lack of validity of the measure. Rates of adherence to self-isolation ranged from 0% to 100%. There was little evidence that self-isolation adherence was associated with socio-demographic or psychological factors. Interpretation: There was no consensus in defining, operationalising, or measuring self-isolation. Only one study presented evidence of the psychometric properties of the measure highlighting the significant risk of bias in included studies. This, and the dearth of scientifically rigorous studies evaluating the effectiveness of interventions to increase self-isolation adherence, is a fundamental gap in the literature. Funding: This study was funded by Research England Policy Support Fund 2022-23; authors were supported by the NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Emergency Preparedness and Response.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.29.23296339v1" target="_blank">Measuring and increasing rates of self-isolation in the context of infectious diseases: A systematic review with narrative synthesis</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>The RAPID Survey Platform: A Tool for Child and Family-Centered Systems-Minded Design</strong> -
<div>
This article introduced how a novel survey tool - the RAPID survey platform - was conceived out of the COVID-19 pandemic as a way to document the strengths and challenges facing young children, their parents, and other adults in their lives. It is also a narrative about how this tool has subsequently evolved into an easy-to-use and effective method for eliciting community voices to be heard as a means to inform early childhood policy, practice, systems change, and science. In this article, we described the RAPID survey platform as a tool for such systematic examinations of pandemic influences on the “COVID generation” young children. We started by describing the overarching structure of RAPID. We then introduced the key design principles of this survey platform and discussed the insights gleaned from examining surveys from the RAPID national household and ECE provider workforce. Next, we shifted to describing how RAPID has evolved into a scalable tool that transcends the pandemic and documenting how local RAPID Community Voices surveys are being sought out by a growing number of communities and states in the US and elsewhere. These communities are determined to adopt data-driven approaches and leverage information on the strengths, needs, and aspirations of adults in the lives of young children to redesign or improve the existing ECD systems.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://osf.io/zdb2p/" target="_blank">The RAPID Survey Platform: A Tool for Child and Family-Centered Systems-Minded Design</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Decision support system to evaluate VENTilation in the Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Rationale. The acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) shows significant heterogeneity in responsiveness to changes in mechanical ventilation and lacks personalisation. Objectives. Investigate the clinical efficacy of a physiologic-based ventilatory decision support system (DSS) on ARDS patients. Methods. An international, multi-centre, randomized, open-label study enrolling patients with ARDS during the COVID-19 pandemic. The primary outcome was to detect a reduction in average driving pressure between groups. Secondary outcomes included several clinically relevant measures of respiratory physiology, ventilator free days; time from control mode to support mode; number of changes in ventilator settings per day; percentage of time in control and support mode ventilation; ventilation related and device related adverse events; and number of times the advice is followed. Measurements and Main Results. 95 patients were randomized to this study. The DSS showed was no effect in the average driving pressure between arms. Patients in the intervention arm had statistically improved oxygenation index when in support mode ventilation (-1.41, 95% CI: -2.76, -0.08; p=0.0370). Ventilatory ratio was also significantly improved in the intervention arm for patients in control mode ventilation (-0.63, 95% CI: -1.08, -0.17, p= 0.0068). The application of the DSS resulted in a significantly increased number of ventilator changes for pressure settings and respiratory frequency. Conclusions. The application of a physiological model-based decision support system for advice on mechanical ventilation in patients with COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 ARDS showed that application of about 60% of advice improved physiological state, despite no significant difference in driving pressure as a primary outcome measure.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.28.23295668v1" target="_blank">Decision support system to evaluate VENTilation in the Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Influence of age, sex, body habitus, vaccine type and anti-S serostatus on cellular and humoral responses to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Vaccine development targeting SARS-CoV-2 in 2020 was of critical importance in reducing COVID-19 severity and mortality. In the U.K. during the initial roll-out most individuals either received two doses of Pfizer COVID-19 vaccine (BNT162b2) or the adenovirus-based vaccine from Oxford/AstraZeneca (ChAdOx1-nCoV-19). There are conflicting data as to the impact of age, sex and body habitus on cellular and humoral responses to vaccination, and most studies in this area have focused on determinants of mRNA vaccine immunogenicity. Here we studied a cohort of participants in a population-based longitudinal study (COVIDENCE UK) to determine the influence of age, sex, body mass index (BMI) and pre-vaccination anti-Spike (anti-S) antibody status on vaccine-induced humoral and cellular immune responses to two doses of BNT162b2 or ChAdOx-n-CoV-19 vaccination. Younger age and pre-vaccination anti-S seropositivity were both associated with stronger antibody responses to vaccination. BNT162b2 generated higher neutralising and anti-S antibody titres to vaccination than ChAdOx1-nCoV-19, but cellular responses to the two vaccines were no different. Irrespective of vaccine type, increasing age was also associated with decreased frequency of cytokine double-positive CD4+ T cells. Increasing BMI was associated with reduced frequency of SARS-CoV-2-specific TNF+ CD8% T cells for both vaccines. Together, our findings demonstrate that increasing age and BMI associate with attenuated cellular and humoral responses to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. Whilst both vaccines induced T cell responses, BNT162b2 induced significantly elevated humoral immune response as compared to ChAdOx-n-CoV-19.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.29.23296222v1" target="_blank">Influence of age, sex, body habitus, vaccine type and anti-S serostatus on cellular and humoral responses to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>COVID-related Excess Missed HIV Diagnoses in the United States in 2021: Follow-up to 2020</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Objective: COVID-19 and related disruptions led to a significant drop in HIV diagnoses in the US in 2020. Recent analyses found 18% fewer diagnoses than expected among persons with HIV (PWH) acquiring infection in 2019 or earlier, suggesting that the drop in diagnoses cannot be attributed solely to decreased transmission. This analysis evaluates the progress made towards closing the 2020 diagnosis deficit in 2021. Methods: We apply modified versions of previously developed methods analyzing 2021 diagnosis data from the National HIV Surveillance System to determine whether the 2021 diagnosis levels of PWH infected pre-2020 are above or below the projected pre-COVID trends. We apply these analyses on stratifications based on assigned sex at birth, transmission group, geographic region, and race/ethnicity. Results: In 2021, HIV diagnoses returned to pre-COVID levels among all PWH acquiring infection 2011-19. Among Hispanic/Latino PWH and males, diagnoses returned to pre-COVID levels. White PWH, men who have sex with men, and PWH living in the south and northeast showed higher-than-expected levels of diagnosis in 2021. For the remaining populations, there were fewer HIV diagnoses in 2021 than expected. Conclusions: While overall diagnoses returned to pre-COVID levels, the large diagnosis gap observed in 2020 remained unclosed at the end of 2021. Lower than expected diagnosis levels among certain populations indicates that COVID-19 related disruptions to HIV diagnosis trends were present in 2021. Although some groups showed higher-than-projected levels of diagnoses, such increases were smaller than the corresponding 2020 decreases. Expanded testing programs designed to close these gaps are essential.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.28.23296285v1" target="_blank">COVID-related Excess Missed HIV Diagnoses in the United States in 2021: Follow-up to 2020</a>
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<li><strong>The more symptoms the better? Covid-19 vaccine side effects and long-term neutralizing antibody response</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Protection against SARS-CoV-2 wanes over time, and booster uptake has been low. This study explores the link between post-vaccination symptoms, biometric changes, and neutralizing antibodies (nAB) after mRNA vaccination. Data were collected from adults (n = 363) who received two doses of either BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273, with serum nAB concentration measured at 1 and 6 months post-vaccination. Daily symptom surveys were completed for six days starting on the day of each dose. Concurrently, objective biometric measurements, including skin temperature, heart rate, heart rate variability, and respiratory rate, were collected. We found that certain symptoms (chills, tiredness, feeling unwell, and headache) after the second dose were associated with increases in nAB at 1 and 6 months post-vaccination, to roughly 140-160% the level of individuals without each symptom. Each additional symptom predicted a 1.1-fold nAB increase. Greater changes in skin temperature and heart rate after the second dose predicted higher nAB levels. Skin temperature had a stronger predictive relationship for 6-month than 1-month nAB level. In the context of low ongoing vaccine uptake, our findings suggest that public health messaging could seek to reframe systemic symptoms after vaccination as desirable.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.26.23296186v1" target="_blank">The more symptoms the better? Covid-19 vaccine side effects and long-term neutralizing antibody response</a>
</div></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-clinical-trials">From Clinical Trials</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Motivational Interviewing for Vaccine Uptake in Latinx Adults</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>: Vaccine Hesitancy <br/><b>Interventions</b>: Other: EHR alert; Behavioral: Motivational Interviewing; Behavioral: Warm hand off to nurse <br/><b>Sponsors</b>: Boston College; East Boston Neighborhood Health Center; Harvard School of Public Health (HSPH); Boston Children’s Hospital; National Institute of Nursing Research (NINR) <br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Clinical Trial to Evaluate the Safety of RQ-01 in SARS-CoV-2 Positive Subjects</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>: COVID-19; Infectious Disease; Symptomatic COVID-19 Infection Laboratory-Confirmed; SARS CoV 2 Infection <br/><b>Interventions</b>: Combination Product: RQ-001; Other: Placebo <br/><b>Sponsors</b>: Red Queen Therapeutics, Inc.; PPD <br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Study of “Sputnik Lite” for the Prevention of COVID-19 With Altered Antigenic Composition.</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>: COVID-19 <br/><b>Interventions</b>: Biological: “Sputnik Lite” vaccine for the prevention of COVID-19 with altered antigenic composition <br/><b>Sponsors</b>: Gamaleya Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Health Ministry of the Russian Federation <br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Study Will Assess the Safety, Neutralizing Activity and Efficacy of AZD3152 in Adults With Conditions Increasing Risk of Inadequate Protective Immune Response After Vaccination and Thus Are at High Risk of Developing Severe COVID-19</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>: COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2 <br/><b>Interventions</b>: Biological: Biological: AZD3152; Biological: Biological: Placebo <br/><b>Sponsors</b>: AstraZeneca <br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Amantadine Therapy for Cognitive Impairment in Long COVID</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>: Long COVID; Post-COVID19 Condition; Post-Acute COVID19 Syndrome <br/><b>Interventions</b>: Drug: Amantadine <br/><b>Sponsors</b>: Ohio State University <br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Examining the Function of Cs4 on Post-COVID-19 Disorders</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>: Long COVID <br/><b>Interventions</b>: Other: Chinese medicine nutritional supplement Cs4 <br/><b>Sponsors</b>: The University of Hong Kong <br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Stellate Ganglion Block With Lidocaine for the Treatment of COVID-19-Induced Parosmia</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>: Parosmia <br/><b>Interventions</b>: Procedure: Stellate Ganglion Block; Other: Placebo <br/><b>Sponsors</b>: Lawson Health Research Institute <br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>CPAP Efficacy in Post-COVID Patients With Sleep Apnea</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>: COVID-19; Sleep Apnea <br/><b>Interventions</b>: Device: Continuous positive airway pressure <br/><b>Sponsors</b>: University of Pittsburgh <br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Cell Therapy With Treg Cells Obtained From Thymic Tissue (thyTreg) to Control the Immune Hyperactivation Associated With COVID-19 (THYTECH2)</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>: Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome <br/><b>Interventions</b>: Biological: Allogeneic thyTreg 5.000.000; Biological: Allogeneic thyTreg 10.000.000 <br/><b>Sponsors</b>: Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañon; Instituto de Salud Carlos III <br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>SA55 Injection: a Potential Therapy for the Prevention and Treatment of COVID-19</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>: COVID-19 <br/><b>Interventions</b>: Drug: SA55 Injection; Other: Placebo for SA55 injection <br/><b>Sponsors</b>: Sinovac Life Sciences Co., Ltd. <br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>SA55 Novel Coronavirus Broad-spectrum Neutralizing Antibody Nasal Spray in Health People</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>: COVID-19 <br/><b>Interventions</b>: Drug: SA55 nasal spray <br/><b>Sponsors</b>: Sinovac Life Sciences Co., Ltd. <br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Psychosomatic, Physical Activity or Both for Post-covid19 Syndrom</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>: Post-COVID-19 Syndrome <br/><b>Interventions</b>: Behavioral: Exercise Therapy; Behavioral: Psychotherapy <br/><b>Sponsors</b>: Hannover Medical School; Health Insurance Audi BKK; occupational health service Volkswagen AG; Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research <br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A Bioequivalence Trial of Fasting Single Oral STI-1558 Capsule in Healthy Chinese Subjects</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>: COVID-19 <br/><b>Interventions</b>: Drug: STI-1558 <br/><b>Sponsors</b>: Zhejiang ACEA Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd. <br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Mind Body Intervention for Long COVID</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>: Long COVID; Post-Acute Sequelae of COVID-19; COVID Long-Haul <br/><b>Interventions</b>: Behavioral: Mind Body Intervention #1 <br/><b>Sponsors</b>: Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center <br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Omicron BA.4/5-Delta COVID-19 Vaccine Phase I Clinical Trial</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>: COVID-19 <br/><b>Interventions</b>: Biological: Omicron BA.4/5-Delta strain recombinant novel coronavirus protein vaccine (CHO cells); Biological: Placebo <br/><b>Sponsors</b>: Anhui Zhifei Longcom Biologic Pharmacy Co., Ltd.; Hunan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention <br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-pubmed">From PubMed</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Virus on surfaces: Chemical mechanism, influence factors, disinfection strategies, and implications for virus repelling surface design</strong> - While SARS-CoV-2 is generally under control, the question of variants and infections still persists. Fundamental information on how the virus interacts with inanimate surfaces commonly found in our daily life and when in contact with the skin will be helpful in developing strategies to inhibit the spread of the virus. Here in, a critically important review of current understanding of the interaction between virus and surface is summarized from chemistry point-of-view. The…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>The role of cross-reactive immunity to emerging coronaviruses: Implications for novel universal mucosal vaccine design</strong> - Host immune response to coronaviruses and the role of cross-reactivity immunity among different coronaviruses are crucial for understanding and combating the continuing COVID-19 outbreak and potential subsequent pandemics. This review paper explores how previous exposure to common cold coronaviruses and more pathogenic coronaviruses may elicit a protective immune response against SARS-CoV-2 infection, and discusses the challenges posed by some variants of concern that may escape current…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Multi-structural molecular docking (MOD) combined with molecular dynamics reveal the structural requirements of designing broad-spectrum inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 entry to host cells</strong> - New variants of SARS-CoV-2 that can escape immune response continue to emerge. Consequently, there is an urgent demand to design small molecule therapeutics inhibiting viral entry to host cells to reduce infectivity rate. Despite numerous in silico and in situ studies, the structural requirement of designing viral-entry inhibitors effective against multiple variants of SARS-CoV-2 has yet to be described. Here we systematically screened the binding of various natural products (NPs) to six…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Effect of monovalent COVID-19 vaccines on viral interference between SARS-CoV-2 and several DNA viruses in patients with long-COVID syndrome</strong> - Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) reactivation may be involved in long-COVID symptoms, but reactivation of other viruses as a factor has received less attention. Here we evaluated the reactivation of parvovirus-B19 and several members of the Herpesviridae family (DNA viruses) in patients with long-COVID syndrome. We hypothesized that monovalent COVID-19 vaccines inhibit viral interference between SARS-CoV-2 and several DNA viruses in patients with long-COVID syndrome, thereby reducing clinical symptoms….</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Antibacterial and anti-corona virus (229E) activity of Nigella sativa oil combined with photodynamic therapy based on methylene blue in wound infection: in vitro and in vivo study</strong> - Microbial skin infections, antibiotic resistance, and poor wound healing are major problems, and new treatments are needed. Our study targeted solving this problem with Nigella sativa (NS) oil and photodynamic therapy based on methylene blue (MB-PDT). Antibacterial activity and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) were determined via agar well diffusion assay and broth microdilution, respectively. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) proved deformations in Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538….</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>N-linked glycoproteins and host proteases are involved in swine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus entry</strong> - Swine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus (SADS-CoV) is highly pathogenic to piglets and poses a major threat to the swine industry. SADS-CoV has a wide cell tropism and pathogenic potential in younger animals. Therefore, understanding how SADS-CoV enters cells is essential for curbing its re-emergence and spread. Here, we report that tunicamycin, an N-linked glycoprotein inhibitor, inhibited the attachment of SADS-CoV to host cells, suggesting that the SADS-CoV receptor may be an N-linked…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>EGR1 functions as a new host restriction factor for SARS-CoV-2 to inhibit virus replication through the E3 ubiquitin ligase MARCH8</strong> - Coronavirus disease 2019, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has led to an unprecedented public health crisis worldwide. Though the host produces interferons (IFNs) and restriction factors to suppress virus infection, SARS-CoV-2 has evolved multiple strategies to inhibit the antiviral responses. Understanding host restriction factors and viral escape mechanisms is conducive to developing effective anti-SARS-CoV-2 drugs. Here, we constructed SARS-CoV-2…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong><em>In-silico</em> investigation of 4-nitro-N-1H-pyrazol-3-ylbenzamide towards its potential use against SARS-CoV-2: a DFT, molecular docking and molecular dynamics study</strong> - In the present research work, we report the synthesis and characterization of novel pyrazole derivative obtained by the condensation reaction of 4-nitro benzaldehyde group with one equivalent of the 2-amino pyrazole yielding 4-nitro-N-1H-pyrazol-3-ylbenzamide with high yield. The two symmetry-independent molecules (molecule A and molecule B) differ about the central C-N bond, with the dihedral angles between the pyrazole ring system and the nitrobenzene ring being 13.90° and 18.64°,…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Dimeric ACE2-FC Is Equivalent to Monomeric ACE2 in the Surrogate Virus Neutralization Test</strong> - Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is the main cellular receptor for the dangerous sarbecoviruses SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2. Its recombinant extracellular domain is used to monitor the level of protective humoral immune response to a viral infection or vaccine using the surrogate virus neutralization test (sVNT). Soluble ACE2 is also considered as an option for antiviral therapy potentially insensitive to the changes in the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. Extensive testing of the samples of…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Ancestral, Delta, and Omicron (BA.1) SARS-CoV-2 strains are dependent on serine proteases for entry throughout the human respiratory tract</strong> - CONCLUSIONS: Our findings demonstrate that entry of Omicron BA.1 SARS-CoV-2 is dependent on serine proteases for entry throughout the respiratory tract.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>DETECTION OF SARS-COV-2 NEUTRALIZING ANTIBODIES IN RETROPHARYNGEAL LYMPH NODE EXUDATES OF WHITE-TAILED DEER (ODOCOILEUS VIRGINIANUS) FROM NEBRASKA, USA</strong> - Disease surveillance testing for emerging zoonotic pathogens in wildlife is a key component in understanding the epidemiology of these agents and potential risk to human populations. Recent emergence of SARS-CoV-2 in humans, and subsequent detection of this virus in wildlife, highlights the need for developing new One Health surveillance strategies. We used lymph node exudate, a sample type that is routinely collected in hunter-harvested white-tailed deer (WTD, Odocoileus virginianus) for…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Physiological effects of ivabradine in heart failure and beyond</strong> - Ivabradine is a pharmacologic agent that inhibits the funny current responsible for determining heart rate in the sinoatrial node. Ivabradine’s clinical potential has been investigated in the context of heart failure since it is associated with reduced myocardial oxygen demand, enhanced diastolic filling, stroke volume, and coronary perfusion time; however, it is yet to demonstrate definitive mortality benefit. Alternative effects of ivabradine include modulation of the…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>The REEP5/TRAM1 complex binds SARS-CoV-2 NSP3 and promotes virus replication</strong> - Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), like other coronaviruses, replicates their genome in virus-induced cytosolic membrane-bound replication organelles (ROs). SARS-CoV-2 promotes the biogenesis of ROs by inducing the rearrangement of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membranes. NSP3, NSP4, and NSP6 are transmembrane viral non-structural proteins (NSPs) and essential players in the formation of ROs. To understand how these three NSPs work synergistically with host-binding…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Pupillographic Analysis of COVID-19 Patients: Early and Late Results After Recovery</strong> - CONCLUSION: PDs were significantly larger in COVID-19 patients in all light intensities in the 1^(st) month after COVID-19. However, pupillary dilation was transient, and no significant difference was found in the 6^(th) month. We suggest that the transient pupillary dilation may be secondary to the autonomic nervous system dysfunction and/or optic nerve and visual pathways alterations following COVID-19.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>An In Silico Design of Peptides Targeting the S1/S2 Cleavage Site of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein</strong> - SARS-CoV-2, responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic, invades host cells via its spike protein, which includes critical binding regions, such as the receptor-binding domain (RBD), the S1/S2 cleavage site, the S2 cleavage site, and heptad-repeat (HR) sections. Peptides targeting the RBD and HR1 inhibit binding to host ACE2 receptors and the formation of the fusion core. Other peptides target proteases, such as TMPRSS2 and cathepsin L, to prevent the cleavage of the S protein. However, research has…</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-patent-search">From Patent Search</h1>
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<h1 data-aos="fade-down" id="daily-dose">Daily-Dose</h1>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" data-aos-anchor-placement="top-bottom" id="contents">Contents</h1>
<ul>
<li><a href="#from-new-yorker">From New Yorker</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-vox">From Vox</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-the-hindu-sports">From The Hindu: Sports</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-the-hindu-national-news">From The Hindu: National News</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-bbc-europe">From BBC: Europe</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-ars-technica">From Ars Technica</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-jokes-subreddit">From Jokes Subreddit</a></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-new-yorker">From New Yorker</h1>
<ul>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>The Powerful New York Law That Finally Brought Trump to Book</strong> - In investigating the former President, New York’s attorney general relied on legislation passed at the behest of one of her Republican predecessors, Jacob Javits. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/our-columnists/the-powerful-new-york-law-that-finally-brought-trump-to-book">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>The Worrying Democratic Erosions in South Korea</strong> - In recent months, authorities have raided offices of press outlets publishing critical reports on President Yoon Suk-yeol. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/daily-comment/the-worrying-democratic-erosions-in-south-korea">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>The Violent End of Nagorno-Karabakh’s Fight for Independence</strong> - In less than a day, indiscriminate shelling in the region killed hundreds, displaced tens of thousands, and wiped out a thirty-five-year battle for political autonomy. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/our-columnists/the-violent-end-of-nagorno-karabakhs-fight-for-independence">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>How Kevin McCarthy Defied the Freedom Caucus and Averted a Shutdown</strong> - The irony of the Speaker’s surprise last-minute move was that it was his only play all along. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/daily-comment/how-kevin-mccarthy-defied-the-freedom-caucus-and-averted-a-shutdown">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Olivia Rodrigo, the Voice of Generation Z; Plus, Stephen Kotkin on Ending the War in Ukraine</strong> - The pop artist talks with David Remnick about how it feels to be branded the voice of her generation. And a Russia scholar thinks it’s past time to push for regime change in Russia. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/podcast/the-new-yorker-radio-hour/olivia-rodrigo-the-voice-of-generation-z-plus-stephen-kotkin-on-ending-the-war-in-ukraine">link</a></p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-vox">From Vox</h1>
<ul>
<li><strong>Why your $7 latte is $7</strong> -
<figure>
<img alt="A repeated pattern of take-away coffee cups." src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/VnSdWaNsfw-w4A9Du_Qw_ygoouA=/289x0:2021x1299/1310x983/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_image/image/72711273/GettyImages_1297810498__1_.0.jpg"/>
<figcaption>
Pictured above: What should probably now be considered a luxury item. | akinbostanci via Getty Images
</figcaption>
</figure>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Your expensive coffee habit is indeed getting even more expensive.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="JPKlu8">
That <a href="https://www.vox.com/culture/2018/8/29/17791082/pumpkin-spice-latte-starbucks-backlash-explained">Pumpkin Spice Latte</a> is going to cost you a pretty penny this fall.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="fdAKjo">
If you are a connoisseur of fancy coffee and fancy coffee shops (or even just fancy-ish), you’ve probably noticed that the price of your favorite drink is higher than it used to be. Nowadays, the base price for a regular latte is something like $6, then maybe you add in vanilla syrup, which costs you an extra dollar, and ask for oat milk, which is a dollar more. You’re now staring at an $8 drink, plus taxes and, assuming you’re doing the right thing here, at least a $1 tip.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="GlmuL8">
What, you might be asking yourself, is going on here? You are not alone. <em>Why is my latte so expensive? </em>is indeed a <a href="https://www.marketplace.org/2017/12/25/cost-coffee-latte-dollars-labor/">perennial</a> <a href="https://finance.yahoo.com/news/what-your-starbucks-habit-really-costs-you.html">question</a>. And to that question, at least the 2023 version, I’ve got answers.
</p>
<div class="c-float-right">
<div id="MHfhlU">
<div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="ZpUaKo">
(I’m going to insert a semi-long aside here, which is that obviously you can make your coffee at home or go somewhere less expensive, like McDonald’s or Dunkin’ or a coffee cart, which all <a href="https://www.fastfoodmenuprices.com/dunkin-donuts-prices/">run under $4 for a latte</a>. You can also get just regular black coffee, or add in just regular milk, and it’ll run you a whole lot cheaper. Your latte, your choice.)
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Y2Hu9a">
Anyway, back to why lattes are expensive. I spoke to a Starbucks analyst and three people in the coffee business to get some explanations.
</p>
<h3 id="3dHeZw">
The cost of your latte is more than the coffee and the milk
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="3drPTp">
The long and short of why your latte is more expensive is that almost everything<em> </em>is more expensive than it was a few years ago. That, of course, includes many of the inputs that make your latte price your latte price — from the coffee and milk to the wage of the worker drawing that cute little flower onto the top of the drink. Coffee is a commodity, so its price goes up and down — <a href="https://tradingeconomics.com/commodity/coffee">its price has actually come down from its 2022 highs</a>. You also maybe notice the rising latte price more because it’s something you buy relatively often, and it’s the only thing on the receipt when you do.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="aJIvJH">
<a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/calebbenoit/">Caleb Benoit</a>, founder and CEO of <a href="https://www.connectroasters.com/">Connect Roasters</a>, a wholesale coffee company that’s about to open its first cafe in Bourbonnais, Illinois, laid out some rough numbers on coffee shop economics. Judging only by the coffee, milk, and lid, the margins for a coffee shop on a latte look great, like 70 to 80 percent. But that’s without the overhead. “I think most healthy coffee shops are probably paying 30 percent of their revenue out in labor and probably another 10 percent in fixed costs, like rent and utilities,” he said. “You factor all of that into the equation and your, let’s just call it 75 percent gross margin, becomes 10 to 15 percent net margin.”
</p>
<div class="c-float-right">
<aside id="zFuuKy">
<q>“I think that in 2023, getting a vanilla oat milk latte is okay to be considered a luxury item”</q>
</aside>
</div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="AYtUSN">
Patrick Sullivan, who owns <a href="http://www.burlingtoncoffeehouse.com/">The Coffee House</a> with his wife in downtown Burlington, Wisconsin, says he was “terrified” when they decided to hike their prices earlier this year. But they felt like they had no choice. They partner with Anodyne Coffee Roasting out of Milwaukee for their beans, which he credits for holding the line on pricing for a long time. Eventually, Anodyne — and other suppliers — gave in and hiked costs. “It was death, from a pricing perspective, by a thousand cuts,” he said. “Anodyne’s got to raise their bean cost 10 percent, our alternative milks went up 15 percent, so almond, oat, coconut.” Their supplier for regular milk upped prices, too, so Sullivan started going to the local Pick ’n Save, where it was cheaper, three times a week. Eventually, though, they had to start charging more.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="xU5BFf">
“We basically made the decision in the spring of this year that we were going to do this in one fell swoop, and that way we know why we’re doing it, our employees know our reasoning and the numbers, and we just talk to our customers about it if they’re concerned,” Sullivan said. “The numbers had to be a 15 to 17 percent increase in price, that was just to maintain the profit margin that we have always needed, not to become more profitable.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="8dQTjz">
Danny McColgan, one of the owners of <a href="https://familiarscoffee.com/">Familiars Coffee &amp; Tea</a> in Northampton, Massachusetts, said that over the past couple of years, it seemed like they were getting a letter from some vendor every month explaining a new price increase. “Even thinking back to when everyone was up in arms about how high the price of gas was getting, that was something where our vendors added fuel surcharges, and those fuel charges haven’t gone away,” he said.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="zzifGC">
Familiars, which opened in 2019, already had a higher price point. They work with a sustainability-focused coffee roaster that uses a direct trade model with farmers, and they get their milk from a local dairy farm that’s extra nice to its cows. “We’re paying a fair price for the coffee we’re using; we’re paying a fair price for the milk we’re using. And honestly, it’s not just paying a fair price, it’s paying a good price,” McColgan said. “It’s all about what people consider a commodity and what people consider a luxury. I think that in 2023, getting a vanilla oat milk latte is okay to be considered a luxury item. You can get a cup of black coffee for less.”
</p>
<h3 id="oO0yAL">
Baristas are making better money, and that money has to come from somewhere
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="MHdmue">
Labor is often the most expensive cost coffee businesses have, and labor has gotten costlier over the past few years. Workers are demanding and making more money, and lower-wage workers — like baristas — <a href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/low-wage-workers-climb-the-earnings-ladder-20acd8af">have seen especially significant wage gains</a>. That’s a good thing! It also means higher costs for companies, and — you guessed it — for you.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="W61pk9">
Starbucks <a href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/starbucks-hit-by-higher-costs-for-wages-and-supplies-but-u-s-consumer-demand-is-strong-11659472768">has pointed to</a> inflation and higher labor costs as the reason for its increased prices. (It’s <a href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/starbucks-sbux-q2-earnings-report-2023-a737ecec?mod=article_inline">also been able to make more money</a> off of those higher prices.)
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="cvB0my">
“There’s been a big push for them to have a better dynamic with their employees. So, they started a <a href="https://stories.starbucks.com/press/2022/starbucks-enters-new-era-of-growth-driven-by-an-unparalleled-reinvention-plan/">reinvention plan</a> to kind of put an end to the <a href="https://www.vox.com/unions">unionization</a> of employees, but it comes at a cost. So they’ve raised prices in that regard to raise wages,” said <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/siyedesta">Siye Desta</a>, an equity analyst at CFRA Research, a financial intelligence firm, referring to <a href="https://www.vox.com/recode/22993509/starbucks-successful-union-drive">efforts among Starbucks employees to unionize stores</a>. Starbucks’ reinvention plan also entails revamping some of its stores, it says, to improve the day-to-day of its workers and make things speedier and more efficient, which requires investment.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Y7QoOq">
Starbucks has expanded digital tipping, which isn’t rolled up into the price of its drinks but obviously shows up for consumers at the point of sale. It has helped the company keep employees. “[It] might rub customers the wrong way, but it’s definitely helped with wages, and their barista attrition has improved quite a bit since they’ve made those changes,” Desta said.
</p>
<div class="c-float-right">
<aside id="27WbE2">
<q>“For the volume of business we do, it requires a lot of staff to provide good service”</q>
</aside>
</div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="2AXgQx">
There is <a href="https://www.vox.com/recode/2022/10/7/23389885/square-toast-tipping-retail-tipflation-guilt">quite a discourse around tipping right now</a>, with many consumers feeling angered and pressured at point-of-sale tablets that nudge them to add on a tip for their barista or server. I will only say that you may want to keep in mind that your barista is making the cost of, like, two of your lattes an hour. Tip jars have always existed, they were just easier for consumers to ignore. Also, you can just tap “no tip.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="9Nxp1j">
Smaller coffee shops are feeling wage pressure, too. Many states have laws in place that are gradually increasing the minimum wage, including Florida, Illinois, and Massachusetts. Many businesses have had to increase pay to compete for workers in the current labor market.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="OmETrr">
Sullivan, the Wisconsin coffee shop owner, said most job applicants he gets nowadays list their current wage as somewhere in the $15 range. “For the volume of business we do, it requires a lot of staff to provide good service, so that’s the balancing act,” he said. His shop has changed around some of its food offerings to try to diversify and up ticket sizes to mitigate some of the higher labor costs.
</p>
<h3 id="Ip9HEe">
If you love frilly coffee, you might have to learn to love (or accept) the frilly price
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="QLEKAv">
The price of lattes has always been steep, even before this recent bout of high inflation. The same goes for cold brew coffee, <a href="https://www.yahoo.com/lifestyle/heres-why-cold-brew-more-203500617.html">which is pricier to make</a> because it takes more coffee, more time, and different machinery. If you think your drink of choice is too expensive now, you probably thought it was expensive five years ago. The<a href="https://www.urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=Latte%20Liberal"> latte-sipping liberal</a> <a href="https://www.vox.com/internet-culture">meme</a> exists for a reason, whether or not it’s fair.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="dGKAfJ">
The price of lattes probably isn’t going to go down anytime soon. As much as customers have been annoyed by the price hikes, they’ve <a href="https://www.restaurantbusinessonline.com/financing/customers-are-apparently-not-cutting-back-starbucks">kept buying</a> and <a href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/starbucks-sbux-q2-earnings-report-2023-a737ecec?mod=article_inline">ordering fancier drinks</a>. Plenty of big companies, <a href="https://www.kdrv.com/news/national/starbucks-has-been-raising-prices-but-customers-apparently-dont-mind/article_026a9f23-efe2-5537-8078-7b4407ae9f80.html">including Starbucks</a>, have been quite forthcoming about consumers continuing to open up their wallets to higher degrees. The small coffee shop owners I spoke with said that by and large their customers seemed to get what was going on with the pricing, though they did sometimes get complaints. Plus, if the big guys like Starbucks charge more, so can they.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="o5SqF7">
Benoit, the Illinois coffee company owner, said he often argues that coffee is underpriced, given the length of its supply chain and the number of hands the product touches before the consumer has their first sip. “You can compare it to other things in the beverage industry. You look at wine, right?” he said. “It’s grown in far-away places, the manufacturing of the product is pretty intensive. Nobody blushes at a $10, $15 glass of wine at a restaurant, but somebody might see a $5 latte as expensive.” It’s not <em>not </em>a fair point, though $15 for a glass of wine is also wild.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="JjIJuw">
If there’s a silver lining here for coffee lovers, it’s that prices are probably going to chill for a while now. “I think it’s more likely now than it was before for there to be some signs of consumers trading down with the orders and making less custom drinks that are expensive, which might change [Starbucks’s] pricing strategy,” Desta said. “They’ve already indicated they don’t plan on taking much compared to quarters past, and that’s just kind of industry-wide.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="KNvJxb">
The other silver lining is that, really, you do have other options — you can go somewhere cheaper, you can make your coffee at home. Or you can keep at it with the lattes, which are delicious, and if you’re going to local coffee shops, supporting small businesses. It’s just going to cost you a little more than you’d like.
</p></li>
<li><strong>Congress just avoided a shutdown. Kevin McCarthy’s fight is just beginning.</strong> -
<figure>
<img alt="Gaetz and McCarthy, both wearing suits and ties, are engaged in conversation in the House Chamber at the US Capitol. " src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/lJswrvJXOk3XHh16TZc6tlW16VY=/81x0:2697x1962/1310x983/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_image/image/72709729/1454740442.0.jpg"/>
<figcaption>
California Republican Kevin McCarthy (right) with Rep. Matt Gaetz (R-FL) on January 6, 2023, during the fourth day of voting for house speaker. McCarthy was finally elected speaker after an unprecedented 15 ballots were cast. | Chip Somodevilla/Getty Images
</figcaption>
</figure>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
McCarthy, Matt Gaetz, and the motion to vacate, explained.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="0NTult">
<a href="https://www.vox.com/congress">Congress</a> finally managed to squeeze out a deal <a href="https://www.vox.com/politics/2023/9/30/23897597/shutdown-congress-kevin-mccarthy-ukraine">to fund the government for 45 days</a> on Saturday, but the eleventh-hour resolution is already causing trouble for Speaker of the House Kevin McCarthy.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="ljen3x">
<a href="https://www.cnn.com/2023/10/01/politics/house-republicans-infighting-matt-gaetz-kevin-mccarthy-shutdown/index.html">Rep. Matt Gaetz of Florida indicated Sunday</a> that he will call for a motion to vacate — a vote to toss McCarthy from leadership for passing a continuing resolution that Gaetz says violates the terms of McCarthy’s speakership deal. For the rest of the country, a fight over the speakership takes away from the work of passing a long-term funding deal, as well as negotiating the future of aid to Ukraine.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="4nUCWe">
Gaetz has led the charge against McCarthy’s leadership <a href="https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2023/1/7/23543163/kevin-mccarthy-speaker-of-the-house-vote-elected">since January</a>, when Gaetz and a crew of right-wing holdouts refused to vote for McCarthy until he made major concessions to the group — including restoring the ability of any one member of the House of Representatives to call for McCarthy’s removal, among other promises. Now, the question for McCarthy — assuming the motion to vacate forges ahead — is whether he’ll be able to get the support he needs from Democrats to retain the speakership while also retaining the support of more moderate Republicans.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="XywEDr">
That may not be so simple, as McCarthy seems to frustrate different critical factions while trying to please everyone. While Congress has avoided a shutdown that was seen as all but inevitable until the legislation actually passed, some Democrats are frustrated about the lack of support for Ukraine written into that legislation, while Republicans — especially Gaetz’s right-wing group — are furious that their proposed funding cuts didn’t make it through to the final legislation.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="y7rnIy">
That puts McCarthy in a tenuous position, potentially fighting for his job despite the fact that he averted a government shutdown. What’s more, proposing a motion to vacate distracts Congress from the crucial work of funding the government for the next year — something they have just six weeks to do before the continuing resolution runs out.
</p>
<h3 id="IPbbVW">
Here’s how McCarthy got into this situation
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="RzmsBl">
<a href="https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2023/1/7/23543163/kevin-mccarthy-speaker-of-the-house-vote-elected">Back in January,</a> McCarthy went through a grueling 15 rounds of votes to win his speakership. Because Republicans have such a narrow majority in the House — 221 Republicans to 212 Democrats — the defection of 19 extreme right-wing Republicans, including Gaetz, Rep. Lauren Boebert of Colorado, and Rep. Chip Roy of Texas, represented a serious problem for McCarthy’s ambition to finally take the speaker’s gavel. To win over his naysayers, McCarthy ultimately agreed to a deal that left him vulnerable to an ouster, <a href="https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2023/1/3/23537373/kevin-mccarthy-house-speaker-vote">as Ben Jacobs wrote in January</a>:
</p>
<blockquote>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="KOeETo">
Part of their demands include efforts to weaken the office of speaker generally and enable rank-and-file members of the House — and, in particular, rank-and-file members of the House GOP — to have more influence over legislation. In recent years, speakers from both parties have centralized more and more authority in their own hands. This has meant members have less opportunity to introduce amendments, that most key legislation is negotiated by leadership in both parties, and it is presented for a vote in a handful of comprehensive bills such as the 2022 social spending bill Democrats dubbed the <a href="https://www.vox.com/2022/8/8/23296951/inflation-reduction-act-biden-democrats-climate-change">Inflation Reduction Act</a>.
</p>
</blockquote>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="QE18em">
Those who want McCarthy gone all dislike him for their own reasons, from the political to the personal. Gaetz has accused McCarthy of breaking his pledges to the right-wing group that ultimately delivered his speakership win, <a href="https://www.vox.com/politics/2023/5/31/23744457/us-debt-ceiling-vote-deal-2023">particularly surrounding the debt ceiling debate back in May</a>.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="P2AXLZ">
Much like avoiding a government shutdown, passing legislation to avert a default on the US’s debts was critical for the <a href="https://www.vox.com/economy">economy</a> and for the government’s ability to serve its function. But for Gaetz in particular, any effort McCarthy makes to work with Democrats seems to renege on the January bargain, <a href="https://www.politico.com/news/2023/09/28/matt-gaetz-kevin-mccarthy-endgame-00118902">as Politico pointed out</a>.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="jChpmo">
“Speaker McCarthy made an agreement with House conservatives in January and since then he’s been in brazen, repeated material breach of that agreement,” <a href="https://www.cnn.com/2023/10/01/politics/house-republicans-infighting-matt-gaetz-kevin-mccarthy-shutdown/index.html">Gaetz told CNN’s Jake Tapper on <em>State of the Union</em> Sunday</a>. “This agreement that he made with Democrats to really blow past a lot of the spending guardrails we set up is a last straw.”
</p>
<h3 id="glPEXo">
The stakes are high — both for McCarthy and for the government
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="dWiTAD">
Once the legislation passed the House on Saturday — <a href="https://www.wsj.com/politics/kevin-mccarthy-matt-gaetz-government-shutdown-1e838cda">mostly with Democratic support</a> — Gaetz tried to get the floor, ostensibly to call for a motion to vacate, but was rebuffed. The motion to vacate will come this week, Gaetz has promised, and he could be counting on quite a bit of Democratic support, particularly in the Congressional Progressive Caucus, as <a href="https://www.politico.com/newsletters/playbook/2023/10/01/inside-the-chess-match-between-mccarthy-jeffries-and-gaetz-00119335">Politico Playbook pointed out Sunday</a>. But that’s far from a guarantee that McCarthy will lose the speakership, particularly if Jeffries doesn’t convince the entire Democratic caucus to vote against McCarthy. Furthermore, there are plenty of GOP members who would vote to keep McCarthy in power, denying Gaetz’s effort the majority it would need to remove McCarthy from office.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="IsGrrR">
Gaetz <a href="https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/matt-gaetz-plans-vote-oust-speaker-kevin-mccarthy/story?id=103629132">has thus far remained mum</a> as to who he sees as a viable replacement for McCarthy, particularly given that Rep. Steve Scalise of Louisiana, the second most powerful Republican in the House, is being treated for cancer.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="EuCBQa">
“The problem is — and this is the same problem we saw with the 15 ballots at the beginning of the year — it is my belief that there is nobody at this point in time that has the majority votes in order to become speaker other than Kevin McCarthy,” Rep. Morgan Griffith, a Freedom Caucus member from Virginia, <a href="https://www.politico.com/news/2023/09/28/conservatives-mccarthy-alternatives-ouster-00118995">told Politico on Friday</a>, though Majority Whip Tom Emmer’s name has been floated, <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2023/09/28/kevin-mccarthy-tom-emmer-government-shutdown-motion-vacate/">the Washington Post</a> reported Thursday.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="hzKTZA">
But the stakes for the government are significant, too. Despite opposition from both the right and the left, McCarthy has managed to push through agreements on the <a href="https://www.vox.com/2023/5/9/23715753/debt-ceiling-limit-default-deal-crisis">debt ceiling</a> and a continuing resolution, two significant challenges with serious, long-ranging national consequences. Those deals are far from perfect, but both seemed impossible until they were actually done.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="mh8Rid">
Though 45 days may sound like plenty of time to pass a spending bill, it’s not, <a href="https://www.wsj.com/politics/policy/congress-stopped-a-shutdown-but-fights-on-ukraine-border-intensify-cee73161?mod=series_governmentshutdown">particularly given the major partisan divide over government spending</a>. Most Republicans, and especially the hard-right Republicans like Gaetz, are demanding spending cuts across the board and much more stringent border controls, at odds with most Democrats. Anything that distracts from coming to an agreement over a full year of government funding increases risk of a shutdown come November 17, when the current deal expires.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="FSdAN9">
As far as funding for Ukraine is concerned, most members of Congress support sustained aid and Senate leadership from both parties indicated Saturday that <a href="https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/congress/live-blog/live-updates-government-shutdown-set-begin-midnight-rcna118172/rcrd19504?canonicalCard=true">the Senate will work to protect that funding</a>. Democrats, <a href="https://www.bennet.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/press-releases?id=9EA94C84-A232-43EA-9C89-6DFAA7C09E11">including Sen. Michael Bennet of Colorado</a>, <a href="https://www.bennet.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/press-releases?id=9EA94C84-A232-43EA-9C89-6DFAA7C09E11">who held up the Senate vote on Saturday’s funding bill over Ukraine aid</a>, maintain that support against <a href="https://www.vox.com/russia">Russia</a>’s illegal invasion and occupation is critical to defend democracy against an authoritarian foe.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="By8Tma">
Whatever happens to McCarthy, he’ll likely continue to find himself beholden to interests other than his own, whether that comes from his own party or not. And even if he survives this motion, it’s possible, given Gaetz’s animosity and promises to take McCarthy down, that he’ll face another challenge sometime in the future.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="iCkxPC">
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="bfH3v5">
</p></li>
<li><strong>The messy art of posting through it</strong> -
<figure>
<img alt="An illustration of 12 yellow emoticons melting. Some have smiles, some are frowning." src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/wQHgt299kJis5_qltI0MWuE4rCk=/134x0:5467x4000/1310x983/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_image/image/72708183/GettyImages_1415094830.0.jpg"/>
<figcaption>
Getty Images/iStockphoto
</figcaption>
</figure>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Social media is our public diary — and it’s only getting more intimate.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="1Q6Ca7">
Oversharing in conversation is nothing new. Throughout thousands of years of social interaction, people have divulged certain secrets, vulnerabilities, and desires to perhaps the wrong listener, with results ranging from mild embarrassment to shattered reputations. Thanks to social media, the ability to make these confessions to a potentially much wider audience is easier than ever.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="zJ7TYk">
What isn’t as straightforward is defining what constitutes oversharing online. Each platform has its specific norms and users who have their own opinions on what content they consider too cringe or vulnerable for public consumption. For instance, when people express negative emotions on <a href="https://www.vox.com/facebook">Facebook</a>, it doesn’t seem so out of place, according to <a href="https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/1461444817707349">a 2017 study</a>. On the contrary, <a href="https://www.vox.com/instagram-news">Instagram</a> is where users expect to see positive content — albeit <a href="https://anthrosource.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/jola.12224">content that isn’t particularly authentic</a>. One<a href="https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3479574"> study, from 2021</a>, suggests the norms on <a href="https://www.vox.com/tiktok">TikTok</a> empower users to embrace both difficult and positive experiences when they post.
</p>
<div class="c-float-right">
<div id="PuW5oT">
<div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Y6eULd">
However, as social media continues to occupy an increasingly intimate space in our lives, as <a href="https://www.sheffield.ac.uk/socstudies/people/academic-staff/ysabel-gerrard">Ysabel Gerrard</a>, a senior lecturer in digital communication at the University of Sheffield, thinks it will, what we post — and how audiences interpret it — will shift. Gerrard, who studies young people’s experiences of social media and digital identities, says that when social platforms become a place to store meaningful memories, the way we post will only become more personal. But does this give us permission to post through it?
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="WTE05u">
<em>This interview has been edited and condensed for clarity.</em>
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="3c9p1y">
<strong>On one hand, I see sharing details online of something difficult or frustrating as being cathartic</strong>. <strong>But what is too much?</strong>
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="2XEMCg">
The thing about any digital phenomenon is that everything has a pre-social media alternative. Loads of sociologists have talked about what is acceptable communication and conduct. But now, we’re re-asking those questions in relation to social media. What is actually new here and what has stayed the same from previous social norms?
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="oTMMuz">
There is something that is distinctive and new, which is that it really depends on what a person’s account is for. Social media has become so embedded in so many people’s lives — not everybody’s, obviously not everybody uses it — that people tend to do what <a href="https://journal.media-culture.org.au/index.php/mcjournal/article/view/1379">Emily van der Nagel calls compartmentalizing your identity</a> across different accounts on different platforms and sometimes across multiple accounts within the same platform. What might be an overshare on one account might feel completely different to your audience on another. For a lot of people, how you interpret an overshare is based on what you imagine that person’s account to be for, and that might conflict with what that person intends their account to be for. If you’re talking to someone face-to-face, you’re in that specific context. Those contextual cues are lost and dispersed when it comes to social media.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="W5o4Pu">
<strong>How much do the norms of each platform play into how much people are comfortable sharing?</strong>
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="eqC8Oa">
That, to me, is the crux. There’s <a href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/1369118X.2014.987152">an article by Martin Gibbs and a few other authors</a> about funerals and grief. But actually, that’s a vehicle for them to discuss what they call platform vernaculars, about how each platform is a really complex combination of policies, technologies, visual aesthetics, finance models — everything that combines to make a platform a platform. What they’re saying is each platform is so distinct that your identity manifests differently across each platform. You could have the same username and profile picture across all the same platforms but your behavior and your emotional connection to that platform, the people you speak to or the people you don’t speak to, is so fundamentally different across platforms. That’s why we often see this tension in how people interpret other people’s content. Is it an overshare? Is it not an overshare?
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="7ZV9ki">
If I say to you, “Pick a post on a platform that you think is an overshare and show it to me.” If you surveyed X number of people with loads of different identity markers — age, gender, ethnicity, social class, religious background — I would be really shocked if you got consensus on that. It would be really tricky.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="l21QF7">
<strong>I recently saw a very vulnerable post on Instagram about a breakup and I remember thinking, “This feels like too much for Instagram.” But I think if I saw it on TikTok, it wouldn’t have felt so out of place.</strong>
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="DUUk8L">
How each of us goes into a specific platform not only shapes how you post and what you do there, but it shapes how you receive other people’s content. That person who shared that, maybe for them, their Instagram occupies a really, really intimate and personal place in their life, but yours doesn’t and that’s where you get that mismatch of expectations versus understanding.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="KRZ48l">
I feel, in my own life and research, that social media is occupying an even more intimate role in our lives now. We’re using platforms that are really familiar to us, particularly Instagram, in way more intimate ways than we ever have — and there are quite a few trends to back that up, for instance, finstas and photo dumps. That’s all signposting us toward a place where the platform has a really intimate role in our lives, and perhaps that shapes what we share and therefore how people interpret that.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="m5qKzi">
<strong>Could you elaborate more on how that intimacy manifests? </strong>
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="66wrV4">
I <a href="https://theconversation.com/why-are-photo-dumps-so-popular-a-digital-communications-expert-explains-210486">wrote a piece for the Conversation about the photo dumps</a> trend on Instagram. It got me looking back at literature on tangible photo albums: how people craft them, why they use them, how they interpret them. One of the things I realized was that the photo dump trend is showing us that we’re wanting to curate a set of photographs and reflect on important pieces of our lives — maybe it’s a holiday, maybe it’s a season, maybe it’s an event — instead of just putting that one powerful aesthetic picture. That has resonance with photo albums and how we would craft and carefully place photographs in tangible albums. That shift, to me, signifies that we’re using the platform more intimately, which means that we are using it more as a form of archival. It means that we have relationships on certain accounts with certain people that feel intimate, that feel like you’d want to share those moments of your life with. Instagram in particular is becoming more meaningful and <a href="https://www.vox.com/science-and-health/2018/3/28/17054848/smartphones-photos-memory-research-psychology-attention">a form of memory</a>, and it may be suggested that we think it’s going to be around for a while if we’re willing to put these pieces of our histories in there.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="ZrPvbr">
<strong>We all are aware of the fact that there’s usually an audience when we’re posting in this public way. How does the way people interact with or potentially perceive us play into what we choose to share?</strong>
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="tHdFCP">
There’s an understanding that certain forms of intimacy will generate more clicks, more likes, more views, more virality. You do need to go into these things with a healthy degree of skepticism and think, “What was the motivation behind that?”<em> </em>There’s a lot of<a href="https://repository.uclawsf.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1449&amp;context=hwlj"> discourse around</a> the <a href="https://time.com/5857023/karen-meme-history-meaning/">weaponization of tears</a>, <a href="https://www.papermag.com/white-women-fake-cry-tiktok#rebelltitem11">especially in terms of race</a>. There are forms of intimacy that are not innocent.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="x26u4L">
But to me, I think a good chunk of content out there is genuinely people who want to use social media as an outlet to express their emotions, to share stories from their lives. There are lots of stories where social media has saved people’s lives because people got access to communities where they feel seen and they feel heard and they can find people with common experiences. A lot of people wouldn’t admit this, but [maybe] they’ve created a throwaway account on Reddit, and they’ve gone on to a subreddit and they’ve shared the most harrowing, intimate personal details about their lives because they need help and they get that support. Because that’s in a really bounded context — in a subreddit, where it’s supposed to be — it’s not considered an overshare because the norms of that space dictate that it should be there.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="KMmmME">
When you’ve got something like Instagram or TikTok, it really depends on who you are and who uses the platform. You’ve got all these different audiences from different parts of your lives that have been collapsed into one: you’ve got your work colleagues, you’ve got your one-night stand, you’ve got your partner, you’ve got your partner’s family, you’ve got your parents. It’s really hard to post anything without someone somewhere having something to say about it, whether it was an overshare, inappropriate. That’s why subreddits and more niche spaces are so valuable and so powerful, and they’re not really the places where people get accused of oversharing. The places we accuse people of doing this on are your more mainstream, generalized platforms.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="jlK51G">
<strong>How can oversharing backfire?</strong>
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="qciJcd">
There’s a very obvious way it can go wrong, which is when a person says something objectively harmful or hurtful and then it escalates from there. But to me, there are two main micro-ways that it can go wrong. One of the ways oversharing goes wrong is when you post something, and someone is in your audience who isn’t really the intended receiver and it backfires. Another way that it can go wrong is when you post to the wrong place. It’d be fair game on this platform, but not this platform.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="ZO35Yw">
<strong>So should we be posting through it?</strong>
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="jEzJ44">
I’ve done a lot of research into how people with, for example, depression and who have eating disorders are sharing, what they’re talking about, and how they’re using different platforms. I’ve tended to focus on people who do this anonymously. I’ve written a lot about how people conceal their identities in order to talk about these things, partly, for a lot of people, because they are stigmatized, and people don’t want their legal identity being linked to what are essentially their innermost thoughts on their health conditions.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="1Hu1KK">
On the flip side, you’ve got a lot of people who are putting their names and faces to lots of different things. I saw this TikTok the other day of this girl whose partner had died. She was sobbing and the first words that came out of her mouth were “I don’t know why I’m doing this.” I thought it was a really powerful sentence. We assume there’s so much craft and thought that goes into these moments. A word that gets bandied around a lot is “attention-seeking.” There’s a lot of disparagement of people who do that, but like I said, social media has become so intimate as part of our lives. It is probably getting to a point in society where it does feel more normal and more natural to talk about how you feel and post it.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="yo6Fmp">
There’s a really simple explanation where you can say it might benefit someone else who is going through that. There’s lots of evidence to suggest that is the case, that it’s helping to destigmatize certain things and that it’s been really helpful. But that, to me, is a simple explanation. What else is happening on top of that is that we are having, as a society, a very different level of intimacy toward social media that we might not be comfortable admitting at this stage. I don’t think it is as easy anymore to just say, “That’s an overshare,” or, “That’s cringe.”
</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-the-hindu-sports">From The Hindu: Sports</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Parul, Priti bag silver and bronze in 3000m steeplechase</strong> - Winfred Mutile Yavi of Bahrain won the gold with a Games record timing of 9:18.28 sec</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Asian Games cricket | India men’s side soaks in the Games experience</strong> - In the days since the cricket side landed in Hangzhou, the players have been watching athletes of other disciplines from the stands and mixing with them in the athletes’ village</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Ronaldinho to make maiden visit to Kolkata mid-October</strong> - “I know Kolkata has a huge number of Brazil fans and I am very excited to meet them,” Ronaldinho said in a Facebook post</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Asian Games Archery | India make quarters in all six team events</strong> - The Indians played five team elimination rounds and dropped just one set on the way to their respective quarterfinal matches.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Asian Games table tennis | Sutirtha, Ayhika sign off with bronze medal after loss to North Korea</strong> - This is the only table tennis medal that India won at Hangzhou Games</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-the-hindu-national-news">From The Hindu: National News</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Andhra Pradesh: Jagan, Bharati will land in jail in Viveka murder case, says D.L. Ravindra Reddy</strong> - Chief Minister Y.S. Jagan Mohan Reddy dug his own grave by arresting Opposition leader N. Chandrababu Naidu, he says</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Here are the big stories from Karnataka today</strong> - Welcome to the Karnataka Today newsletter, your guide from The Hindu on the major news stories to follow today. Curated by Nalme Nachiyar.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Bengaluru Civil Society groups demand repeal of order limiting protests to Freedom Park</strong> - Earlier during the BJP government led by former CM Basavaraj, the Bengaluru Police Commissioner issued an order restricting all protests to Freedom Park</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Co-optex runs with profit in DMK regime: T.N. Handloom Minister Gandhi</strong> - Speaking to reporters at Salem, Minister Gandhi said that before DMK came to power, Co-optex ran with a loss of ₹7 crores. After CM Stalin assumed office, Co-optex earned ₹9.49 crore of revenue in 2021-22; in 2022–23, it earned ₹10 crore so far, he said.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>In Punjab, differences start to emerge within Congress, AAP over INDIA bloc</strong> - There is inter and intra party disagreement regarding the virtue of allying with each other between the Congress and AAP leadership in Punjab</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-bbc-europe">From BBC: Europe</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Ukraine war: Russia warned EU not weary over war support</strong> - Members are meeting in Kyiv in an attempt to show solidarity, after the US failed to approve more aid.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>‘Mummy, I love you, we’re going to die’: Spain club fire kills 13</strong> - At least 13 people are so far known to have been killed in a blaze in the Spanish city of Murcia.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Turkey strikes Kurdish rebels after Ankara blast</strong> - Turkey conducts air strikes in northern Iraq, hours after a suicide blast hit the interior ministry in Ankara.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Migrants trying to reach the UK cross the Alps on foot</strong> - More than 130,000 migrants have entered Italy this year. Many try to head further into Europe.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Slovakia elections: Populist party wins vote but needs allies for coalition</strong> - Ex-PM Robert Fico, who opposes military support for Ukraine, will try to form a government.</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-ars-technica">From Ars Technica</h1>
<ul>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>BMW has an all-new electric 5 Series, and we’ve driven it: The 2024 BMW i5</strong> - BMW has made some efficiency and charging gains since launching the smaller i4. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1972273">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A revelation about trees is messing with climate calculations</strong> - Scientists are learning more about “sesquiterpenes” vapors made from trees. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1972385">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Archaeologists discover ancient sandals buried in a bat cave 6000 years ago</strong> - Some basketry from same site is even older, dating back 9,500 years to Mesolithic period. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1972204">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Critical vulnerabilities in Exim threaten over 250k email servers worldwide</strong> - Remote code execution requiring no authentication fixed. 2 other RCEs remain unpatched. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1972409">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>WHO says flu vaccines should ditch strain that vanished during COVID</strong> - Influenza viruses in the B/Yamagata lineage have not been seen since March 2020. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1972394">link</a></p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-jokes-subreddit">From Jokes Subreddit</h1>
<ul>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A truck loaded with Worcestershire sauce is driving through Saskatoon, Saskatchewan when it collides with a Nissan Qashqai.</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF --></p>
<div class="md">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
The truck then careens down the road and hits a car from Massachusetts, injuring the two otorhinolaryngologists inside. One of them, suffering from Schistosomiasis, has a myocardial infarction.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
A bystander witnesses the entire event and quickly calls to report the accident on his Huawei.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
The emergency operator asks the bystander, “What happened?”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
“It’s hard to say.”
</p>
</div>
<!-- SC_ON -->
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/Big_Bri_Guzzi"> /u/Big_Bri_Guzzi </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/16xqd0x/a_truck_loaded_with_worcestershire_sauce_is/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/16xqd0x/a_truck_loaded_with_worcestershire_sauce_is/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A billionaire hires a painter of murals to come to his mansion…</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF --></p>
<div class="md">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
…when he gets there, he calls the painter in into a large room and shows him a plain white wall that’s 20 feet high and 50 feet across. He says to the guy, “I’ve always been fascinated by General Custer so on this wall I want you paint your interpretation of Custer’s last stand. I’m going out of town for a few months and when I come back, I would like it to be finished.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
The painter agrees and the billionaire leaves town. He comes back after a few months and anxiously goes to look at the painting. What he sees shocks him. In the middle of it, there is a cow with a halo in his head. All around the cow are Native Americans engaged in every conceivable sex act you could think of.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Enraged, he calls the painter to the room and yells at him, “What is this pornographic filth?! I wanted art, not pornography!”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Calmly the painter asks, “You wanted my interpretation of Custer’s last stand, right?” The billionaire agrees and the painter says, “Well, there you go. I call it “Holy Cow, Look at All Those Fucking Indians.”
</p>
</div>
<!-- SC_ON -->
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/Indotex"> /u/Indotex </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/16xkddm/a_billionaire_hires_a_painter_of_murals_to_come/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/16xkddm/a_billionaire_hires_a_painter_of_murals_to_come/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A pianist was hired to play background music for a movie. When it was completed he asked when and where he could see the picture. The producer sheepishly confessed that it was actually a porn film and it was due out in a month.</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF --></p>
<div class="md">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
A month later, the musician went to a porn theatre to see the adult movie. With his collar up and dark glasses on, he took a seat in the back row of the adult cinema, next to a couple who also seemed to be in disguise. The movie was even raunchier than he had feared, featuring group sex, S/M, bondage and even a dog. After a while watching the adult movie, the embarrassed pianist turned to the couple and said, “I’m only here to listen to the music.” “Yeah?” replied the man. “We’re only here to see our dog.”
</p>
</div>
<!-- SC_ON -->
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/YZXFILE"> /u/YZXFILE </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/16x3py5/a_pianist_was_hired_to_play_background_music_for/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/16x3py5/a_pianist_was_hired_to_play_background_music_for/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>An infinite amount of mathematicians walk into a bar</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF --></p>
<div class="md">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
"An infinite amount of mathematicians walk into a bar.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
The first mathematician orders a beer
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
The second orders half a beer
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
“I don’t serve half-beers” the bartender replies
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
“Excuse me?” Asks mathematician #2
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
“What kind of bar serves half-beers?” The bartender remarks. “That’s ridiculous.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
“Oh c’mon” says mathematician #1 “do you know how hard it is to collect an infinite number of us? Just play along”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
“There are very strict laws on how I can serve drinks. I couldn’t serve you half a beer even if I wanted to.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
“But that’s not a problem” mathematician #3 chimes in “at the end of the joke you serve us a whole number of beers. You see, when you take the sum of a continuously halving function-”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
“I know how limits work” interjects the bartender
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
“Oh, alright then. I didn’t want to assume a bartender would be familiar with such advanced mathematics”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
“Are you kidding me?” The bartender replies, “you learn limits in like, 9th grade! What kind of mathematician thinks limits are advanced mathematics?”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
“HE’S ON TO US” mathematician #1 screeches
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Simultaneously, every mathematician opens their mouth and out pours a cloud of multicolored mosquitoes. Each mathematician is bellowing insects of a different shade.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
The mosquitoes form into a singular, polychromatic swarm. “FOOLS” it booms in unison, “I WILL INFECT EVERY BEING ON THIS PATHETIC PLANET WITH MALARIA”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
The bartender stands fearless against the technicolor hoard. “But wait” he inturrupts, thinking fast, “if you do that, politicians will use the catastrophe as an excuse to implement free healthcare. Think of how much that will hurt the taxpayers!”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
The mosquitoes fall silent for a brief moment. “My God, you’re right. We didn’t think about the economy! Very well, we will not attack this dimension. FOR THE TAXPAYERS!” and with that, they vanish.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
A nearby barfly stumbles over to the bartender. “How did you know that that would work?”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
“It’s simple really” the bartender says. “I saw that the vectors formed a gradient, and therefore must be conservative.”
</p>
</div>
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/UnemployedTechie2021"> /u/UnemployedTechie2021 </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/16x9yrq/an_infinite_amount_of_mathematicians_walk_into_a/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/16x9yrq/an_infinite_amount_of_mathematicians_walk_into_a/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>What do you call a Frenchman who has been attacked by a bear?</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF --></p>
<div class="md">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Claude.
</p>
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