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<title>11 July, 2023</title>
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<title>Covid-19 Sentry</title><meta content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" name="viewport"/><link href="styles/simple.css" rel="stylesheet"/><link href="../styles/simple.css" rel="stylesheet"/><link href="https://unpkg.com/aos@2.3.1/dist/aos.css" rel="stylesheet"/><script src="https://unpkg.com/aos@2.3.1/dist/aos.js"></script></head>
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<h1 data-aos="fade-down" id="covid-19-sentry">Covid-19 Sentry</h1>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" data-aos-anchor-placement="top-bottom" id="contents">Contents</h1>
<ul>
<li><a href="#from-preprints">From Preprints</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-clinical-trials">From Clinical Trials</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-pubmed">From PubMed</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-patent-search">From Patent Search</a></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-preprints">From Preprints</h1>
<ul>
<li><strong>COVID-19, Family Dynamics, and Perceived Mental Health Among Families in Singapore</strong> -
<div>
The COVID-19 pandemic presents a significant challenge to the lives and well-being of families with underaged children. Although previous studies have documented COVID-related deterioration in well-being and identified protective and risk factors, the mechanisms under which the pandemic leads to worsened well-being remain unclear. In addition, from a policymaker’s perspective, it is important to differentiate between the effects of government-issued infection control measures (such as lockdown) and families’ voluntary responses when facing the coronavirus (such as self-quarantine) on well-being. Using Singapore as an example, we collected retrospective self-reports on the everyday activities, stressors, and well-being of parents and other caregivers at three timepoints: before local transmission (Pre-pandemic), after local transmission but before the “circuit breaker” (Pandemic), and during the “circuit breaker” (Lockdown). We estimated the effects of the pandemic itself and families’ voluntary responses to it by contrasting Pandemic against Pre-pandemic, and we estimated the additional effects of imposed lockdown measures by contrasting Lockdown against Pandemic. Results showed significant changes in jobs and income, childcare arrangement, family dynamics, and parents’ emotional well-being throughout the three timepoints. Both mothers and fathers reported to worry most about the health and safety of family members and self. Mothers’ time spent on housework partially mediated the effect of lockdown on their emotional well-being, and parents’ conflict with other adults in the household partially mediated the effects of both pandemic and lockdown on their emotional well-being. The effects of pandemic and lockdown were also moderated by parents’ age, education level, and fathers’ authoritarian values.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://psyarxiv.com/b3cua/" target="_blank">COVID-19, Family Dynamics, and Perceived Mental Health Among Families in Singapore</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>How the COVID-19 pandemic impacted the perception of climate change in the UK</strong> -
<div>
Forthcoming in American Behavioral Scientist (ABS) The COVID-19 pandemic erupted during the climate change (CC) crisis, forcing individuals to adapt abruptly to a new scenario, and triggering changes in everyone’s lifestyles. Based on a representative sample of the UK population (N= 1013) this paper investigates how the COVID-19 pandemic invited/forced individuals to reflect upon a new sustainable way of life and to (re)consider the anthropogenic impact on the environment. The results show that age and education are negatively associated with skepticism relating to the human impact on CC, while other control variables such as income, gender and employment status, have a limited impact on this attitude toward CC. Secondly, findings indicate a clear separation between those with a minimal standard of education, who support the natural origin of CC, while individuals with a higher level of education believe that CC is caused by human actions. Finally, on average, younger and more educated individuals tend to associate the COVID-19 pandemic with an opportunity to promote an eco-friendly world and to adopt an eco-sustainable approach.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://osf.io/46szu/" target="_blank">How the COVID-19 pandemic impacted the perception of climate change in the UK</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>High-resolution map of the Fc-functions mediated by COVID-19 neutralizing antibodies</strong> -
<div>
A growing body of evidence shows that Fc-dependent antibody effector functions play an important role in protection from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. To unravel the mechanisms that drive these responses, we analyzed the phagocytosis and complement deposition mediated by a panel of 482 human monoclonal antibodies (nAbs) neutralizing the original Wuhan virus, expressed as recombinant IgG1. Our study confirmed that nAbs no longer neutralizing SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variants can retain their Fc-functions. Surprisingly, we found that nAbs with the most potent Fc-function recognize the N-terminal domain, followed by those targeting Class 3 epitopes in the receptor binding domain. Interestingly, nAbs direct against the Class 1/2 epitopes in the receptor binding motif, which are the most potent in neutralizing the virus, were the weakest in Fc-functions. The divergent properties of the neutralizing and Fc-function mediating antibodies were confirmed by the use of different B cell germlines and by the observation that Fc-functions of polyclonal sera differ from the profile observed with nAbs, suggesting that not-neutralizing antibodies also contribute to Fc-functions. These data provide a high-resolution picture of the Fc-antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 and suggest that the Fc contribution should be considered for the design of improved vaccines, the selection of therapeutic antibodies and the evaluation of correlates of protection.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.10.548360v1" target="_blank">High-resolution map of the Fc-functions mediated by COVID-19 neutralizing antibodies</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Proteome profiling of nasopharynx reveals pathophysiological signature of COVID-19 disease severity</strong> -
<div>
An aberrant innate immune system caused by the beta coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 is a characteristic manifestation of severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Here, we performed proteome profiling of nasopharyngeal (NP) swabs from 273 hospitalized patients with mild and severe COVID-19 symptoms, including non-survivors. We identified depletion in STAT1-mediated type I interferon response, retinol metabolism and NRF2 antioxidant system that are associated with disease severity in our patient demography. We found that the dysregulation of glucocorticoid signaling and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) contribute to the pathophysiology of COVID-19 fatality. Hyperactivation of host innate immune system was observed in severe patients, marked by elevated proteins involved in neutrophil degranulation and platelet aggregation. Our study using high-throughput proteomics on the nasopharynx of COVID-19 patients provides additional evidence on the SARS-CoV-2-induced pathophysiological signatures of disease severity and fatality.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.09.548285v1" target="_blank">Proteome profiling of nasopharynx reveals pathophysiological signature of COVID-19 disease severity</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Spatial and temporal clustering of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in Illinois household cats, 2021- 2023</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
In this study, we evaluated the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in Illinois household cats from October 2021 to May 2023. Among 1,715 samples tested by serological assays, 244 samples (14%) tested positive. High-rate temporal, spatial, and space-time clusters of SARS-CoV-2 cases were assessed within 63 counties in Illinois. Three space-time clusters with higher than expected seroprevalence rates were identified in the northeastern, central-east, and southwest regions of Illinois, occurring between June and October 2022. Young cats had a higher rate of seropositivity compared to older cats, and the third quarter of the year had the highest seropositivity rate. This study provides an in-depth analysis of SARS-CoV-2 epidemiology in Illinois household cats, which will aid in COVID-19 control and prevention.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.21.23291564v2" target="_blank">Spatial and temporal clustering of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in Illinois household cats, 2021- 2023</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Introducing the COVID-19 crisis Special Education Needs Coping Survey</strong> -
<div>
Individuals with special education needs have been particularly affected by the COVID-19 pandemic as they have been shown to be at high risk of losing medical and institutional support at a time when people are being asked to stay isolated, suffering increased anxiety and depression as a consequence. Their families have often found themselves under tremendous pressure to provide support, engendering financial hardship, and physical and emotional strains. In such times, it is vital that international collaborations assess the impact on the individuals and their families, affording the opportunity to make national and international comparisons of how people have coped and what needs to be done to optimize the measures taken by families, associations and governments. This paper introduces one such collaboration.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://psyarxiv.com/rtswa/" target="_blank">Introducing the COVID-19 crisis Special Education Needs Coping Survey</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>In COVID-19 health messaging, loss framing increases anxiety with little-to-no concomitant benefits: Experimental evidence from 84 countries</strong> -
<div>
The COVID-19 pandemic (and its aftermath) highlights a critical need to communicate health information effectively to the global public. Given that subtle differences in information framing can have meaningful effects on behavior, behavioral science research highlights a pressing question: Is it more effective to frame COVID-19 health messages in terms of potential losses (e.g., “If you do not practice these steps, you can endanger yourself and others”) or potential gains (e.g., “If you practice these steps, you can protect yourself and others”)? Collecting data in 48 languages from 15,929 participants in 84 countries, we experimentally tested the effects of message framing on COVID-19-related judgments, intentions, and feelings. Loss- (vs. gain-) framed messages increased self-reported anxiety among participants cross-nationally with little-to-no impact on policy attitudes, behavioral intentions, or information seeking relevant to pandemic risks. These results were consistent across 84 countries, three variations of the message framing wording, and 560 data processing and analytic choices. Thus, results provide an empirical answer to a global communication question and highlight the emotional toll of loss-framed messages. Critically, this work demonstrates the importance of considering unintended affective consequences when evaluating nudge-style interventions.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://psyarxiv.com/sevkf/" target="_blank">In COVID-19 health messaging, loss framing increases anxiety with little-to-no concomitant benefits: Experimental evidence from 84 countries</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Can Information about Pandemics Increase Negative Attitudes toward Foreign Groups? A Case of COVID-19 Outbreak</strong> -
<div>
Pathogen threat can translate into a willingness to distance oneself from others on a psychological level. Building on this notion, we predicted that the ongoing coronavirus pandemic can affect attitudes toward foreign nationalities. We explored the intergroup consequences of the current epidemiological situation in two studies involving a total of 652 participants. In correlational Study 1, we showed a positive relationship between media exposure in the United Kingdom (UK) and in Poland, and prejudice to four foreign nationalities. Study 2 showed that negative affect toward Italians (i.e., a nation struggling with the most severe COVID-19 outbreak at the time of the study) was indirectly predicted by exposure to news about coronavirus through the increase in anxiety, but this effect was not observed when a generalized measure of prejudice was considered. Overall, our studies revealed that prejudice and anxiety are sensitive to the current epidemiological situation, and our findings suggest that the outbreak of COVID-19 may translate into severe social consequences and increased psychological distancing to nations most affected by the pandemic.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://psyarxiv.com/j23vt/" target="_blank">Can Information about Pandemics Increase Negative Attitudes toward Foreign Groups? A Case of COVID-19 Outbreak</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Survey Examination of Resilience, Psychological, and Relational Well-Being during COVID-19: A Developmental and Cross-Cultural Dataset</strong> -
<div>
The datasets include relevant psychological and demographic variables relating to people’s relationships, perceptions, and reactions to the Covid-19 pandemic. Participants were recruited from the United States (N = 396), China (N = 156), and Iran (N = 248). Participants were directed to an online survey that assessed their psychological well-being, affective states, factors related to life satisfaction, and their experiences with the Covid-19 pandemic. For the United States, participants were separated by developmental stage (e.g., young adults between 18 and 35 years old and older adults who were 55 years old or older). Participants from China and Iran were 18 years old or older. Participants from the United States also provided qualitative data in the form of a text-box response where they described their reactions to the Covid-19 pandemic. These data may be relevant for researchers who want to investigate cross-cultural or developmental differences in people’s psychological states, perceptions, and reactions in the beginning phases of the Covid-19 pandemic.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://psyarxiv.com/k4jfa/" target="_blank">Survey Examination of Resilience, Psychological, and Relational Well-Being during COVID-19: A Developmental and Cross-Cultural Dataset</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Loss-of-function mutation in Omicron variants reduces spike protein expression and attenuates SARS-CoV-2 infection</strong> -
<div>
SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variants emerged in 2022 with &gt;30 novel amino acid mutations in the spike protein alone. While most studies focus on receptor binding domain changes, mutations in the C-terminus of S1 (CTS1), adjacent to the furin cleavage site, have largely been ignored. In this study, we examined three Omicron mutations in CTS1: H655Y, N679K, and P681H. Generating a SARS-CoV-2 triple mutant (YKH), we found that the mutant increased spike processing, consistent with prior reports for H655Y and P681H individually. Next, we generated a single N679K mutant, finding reduced viral replication in vitro and less disease in vivo. Mechanistically, the N679K mutant had reduced spike protein in purified virions compared to wild-type; spike protein decreases were further exacerbated in infected cell lysates. Importantly, exogenous spike expression also revealed that N679K reduced overall spike protein yield independent of infection. Although a loss-of-function mutation, transmission competition demonstrated that N679K had a replication advantage in the upper airway over wild-type SARS-CoV-2 in hamsters, potentially impacting transmissibility. Together, the data show that N679K reduces overall spike protein levels during Omicron infection, which has important implications for infection, immunity, and transmission.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.04.17.536926v2" target="_blank">Loss-of-function mutation in Omicron variants reduces spike protein expression and attenuates SARS-CoV-2 infection</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>A large-scale serological survey in pets from October 2020 through June 2021 in France shows significantly higher exposure to SARS-CoV-2 in cats</strong> -
<div>
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) can infect many animals, including pets such as dogs and cats. Many studies have documented infection in companion animals by bio-molecular and serological methods. However, only a few have compared seroprevalence in cats and dogs from the general population, and these studies were limited by small sample sizes and collections over short periods. Our goal was to obtain a more accurate evaluation of seroprevalence in companion animals in France and to determine whether cats and dogs differ in their exposure to SARS-CoV-2. For this purpose, we conducted an extensive SARS-CoV-2 serological survey of 2036 cats and 3577 dogs sampled by veterinarians during medical examinations in clinics throughout France. Sampling was carried out from October 2020 through June 2021, a period encompassing the second and third waves of SARS-CoV-2 infections in humans in the country. Using a microsphere immunoassay targeting receptor binding domain and trimeric spike protein, we found 7.1% seroprevalence in pets, in a subset of 308 seropositive samples, 26.3% had neutralizing antibodies. We found that cats were significantly more likely to test positive than dogs, with seropositivity rates of 9.3% and 5.9% in cats and dogs, respectively. Finally, data for both species showed that seroprevalence was lower in older animals and was not associated with the date of sampling or the sex of the animal. Our results show that cats are significantly more sensitive to SARS-CoV-2 than dogs, in line with experimental studies showing that cats are more susceptible than dogs. This study reinforces that pets are commonly infected or exposed to SARS-CoV-2, emphasizing the importance of a One-Health approach to the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and raising the question of vaccination of companion animals in close contact with humans.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.23.521567v3" target="_blank">A large-scale serological survey in pets from October 2020 through June 2021 in France shows significantly higher exposure to SARS-CoV-2 in cats</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Assessing the Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Vulnerable Populations in Bangladesh</strong> -
<div>
COVID-19 has affected all classes of people over the world in many ways. In major cases, the impact of COVID-19 on vulnerable group of people is overlooked though they are the major part of the society. Thus, this paper aims at investigating the impacts of COVID-19 on vulnerable people in Bangladesh intensively. Using literature review and case studies, this paper finds some interesting findings. The daily income of poor classes of people like day laborers, Rickshaw pullers, transport workers and so on reduced by 64.37 percent during COVID-19 situation. On the other hand, about 3.7 million new poor emerged amid this pandemic. Amid this pandemic, about 50 percent of women-led enterprises are laying off 76-100 percent of their workers while about 2.14 million garment workers were laid off. More effective policies should be taken to tackle the adverse impacts of COVID-19 pandemic on vulnerable populations than what is already taken by the government and NGOs.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://osf.io/preprints/socarxiv/7d8gc/" target="_blank">Assessing the Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Vulnerable Populations in Bangladesh</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Unreviewed science in the news: The evolution of preprint media coverage from 2014-2021</strong> -
<div>
It has been argued that preprint coverage during the COVID-19 pandemic constituted a paradigm shift in journalism norms and practices. This study examines whether, in what ways, and to what extent this is the case using a sample of 11,538 preprints posted on four preprint servers—bioRxiv, medRxiv, arXiv, and SSRN—that received coverage in 94 English-language media outlets between 2014–2021. We compared mentions of these preprints with mentions of a comparison sample of 397,446 peer reviewed research articles indexed in the Web of Science to identify changes in the share of media coverage that mentioned preprints before and during the pandemic. We found that preprint media coverage increased at a slow but steady rate pre-pandemic, then spiked dramatically. This increase applied only to COVID-19-related preprints, with minimal or no change in coverage of preprints on other topics. In addition, the rise in preprint coverage was most pronounced among health and medicine-focused media outlets, which barely covered preprints before the pandemic but mentioned more COVID-19 preprints than outlets focused on any other topic. These results suggest that the growth in coverage of preprints seen during the pandemic period may imply a shift in journalistic norms, including a changing outlook on reporting preliminary, unvetted research.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.10.548392v1" target="_blank">Unreviewed science in the news: The evolution of preprint media coverage from 2014-2021</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Different paths to COVID-19’s conspiratorial beliefs for the religious and spiritual: The roles of analytic and open-minded thinking</strong> -
<div>
With the threat of COVID-19, conspiratorial beliefs have proliferated, and people’s religiosity has risen. However, religiosity may only capture a narrow range of people’s meta-physical beliefs, spirituality may capture other aspects, and both of which may be associated with conspiratorial beliefs differently. To better understand the distinction between these traits, in a community sample of 662 Poles, we examined the correlations between them and misperceptions about COVID-19 (i.e., conspiracy and false factual beliefs) and the mediating role of analytic thinking and a tendency to be open-minded about evidence. Religiosity and spirituality were associated with misperceptions—directly and indirectly—but the associations were positive in the former and negative in the latter. The research points to the importance of studying both religiosity and spirituality in the context of cognition and misperceptions.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://psyarxiv.com/zsv89/" target="_blank">Different paths to COVID-19’s conspiratorial beliefs for the religious and spiritual: The roles of analytic and open-minded thinking</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Economic geography of contagion: A study on Covid-19 outbreak in India</strong> -
<div>
We propose a mechanism based on regional inequality in economic activity to explain the heterogeneity in the spread of Covid-19 and test it using data from India. The contagion is expected to spread at a higher rate in regions characterized by greater movements of goods and service. We argue that mobility will be higher in regions with greater degree of intra-regional inequality in economic activity. Such regions are usually characterized by core-periphery economic structure in which the periphery remains dependent on the core for the supply of jobs, goods, and services. Such dependence leads to greater degree of mobility between the core and periphery which in turn leads to higher rate of contagion. Using nightlights data to measure regional inequality, we find evidence in support of our hypothesis. Using mobility data, we provide direct evidence in support of our proposed channel; the positive relationship between regional inequality and Covid-19 infection is driven by mobility. Our findings suggest that policy responses to contain Covid-19 contagion needs to be heterogeneous across India where the priority areas can be chosen ex ante based on a regional inequality-based criterion.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://osf.io/preprints/socarxiv/gp2wr/" target="_blank">Economic geography of contagion: A study on Covid-19 outbreak in India</a>
</div></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-clinical-trials">From Clinical Trials</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Homologous Booster Study of COVID-19 Protein Subunit Recombinant Vaccine</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Biological: SARS-CoV-2 Subunit Recombinant Protein Vaccine<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   PT Bio Farma<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Role of Ivermectin and Colchicine in Treatment of COVID-19: Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Drug: Ivermectin Tablets;   Drug: Colchicine 0.5 MG;   Drug: Standared managment<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Ain Shams University<br/><b>Completed</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A Study to Evaluate the Immunogenicity and Safety of A Recombinant Protein COVID-19 Vaccine as Booster Vaccines</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>:   COVID-19;   SARS-CoV-2 Infection<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Biological: SCTV01E-2;   Biological: SCTV01E<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Sinocelltech Ltd.<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy Counseling Intervention for Pharmacists</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Behavioral: Standard implementation webinar and online training;   Behavioral: Virtual facilitation<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill;   University of Arkansas;   University of South Carolina;   National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (NIMHD)<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Developing an Effective Intervention to Address Post-Corona-Virus-Disease-2019 Balance Disorders, Weakness and Muscle Fatigue in Individuals Aged 65+</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Device: Resistance Training<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Józef Piłsudski University of Physical Education<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>LUSZ Treatment Efficacy in Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>:   COVID-19;   Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Drug: Lopinavir / Ritonavir;   Drug: Remdesivir (RDV);   Drug: Tocilizumab;   Other: Corticosteroid Therapy-enhanced Standard Care (CTSC)<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   Lebanese University;   Hospital Saydet Zgharta University Medical Center<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Multimodal Long Covid19</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   Long COVID-19 Syndrome<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Other: Multimodal intervention in Long Covid19<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   Universidad de Magallanes;   Teaching Assistance and Research Center of the University of Magallanes CADI-UMAG;   Clinical Hospital Dr. Lautaro Navarro Avaria<br/><b>Active, not recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Comprehensive Imaging Exam of Convalesced COVID-19 Patients</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>:   COVID-19;   COVID Long-Haul<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Other: Magnetic Resonance Imaging;   Other: Ultra-High Resolution Computed Tomography (CT) Scan<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   Johns Hopkins University;   Canon Medical Systems, USA<br/><b>Enrolling by invitation</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Immunogenicity and Safety Study of SCB-2023 Vaccine as a Booster in Adults</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Biological: SCB-2023 vaccine (trivalent), a recombinant SARS-CoV-2 trimeric S-protein subunit vaccine for COVID-19; intramuscular injection;   Biological: SCB-2019 (monovalent), a recombinant SARS-CoV-2 trimeric S-protein subunit vaccine for COVID-19; intramuscular injection<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Clover Biopharmaceuticals AUS Pty Ltd<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>The Safety and Immunogenicity Following a Heterologous Booster Dose of Recombinant SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine LYB002</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Biological: LYB002V14;   Biological: LYB002V14A;   Biological: LYB002CA<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   Guangzhou Patronus Biotech Co., Ltd.;   Yantai Patronus Biotech Co., Ltd.;   Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College<br/><b>Active, not recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Phase 2/3 Heterologous Boosting Study With Different Dose Levels of Monovalent SARS-CoV-2 rS Vaccines</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Biological: NVX-CoV2373 (5μg);   Biological: NVX-CoV2601 (5μg);   Biological: NVX-CoV2601(5μg);   Biological: NVX-CoV2601 (35μg);   Biological: NVX-CoV2601(35μg);   Biological: NVX-CoV2601(50μg);   Biological: Bivalent BA.4/5<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Novavax<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Efficiency and Safety of Paxlovid for COVID-19 Patients With Severe Chronic Kidney Disease</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>:   COVID-19;   Renal Insufficiency, Chronic<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Drug: Nirmatrelvir/ritonavir<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Chinese PLA General Hospital<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>The Immunogenicity and Safety Following a Heterologous Booster Dose of Recombinant SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine LYB001</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>:   COVID-19;   Vaccine Reaction<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Biological: LYB001;   Biological: CoronaVac<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   Guangzhou Patronus Biotech Co., Ltd.;   Yantai Patronus Biotech Co., Ltd.;   Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College<br/><b>Active, not recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Safety and Efficacy of Anakinra Treatment for Patients With Post Acute Covid Syndrome</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Drug: Placebo;   Drug: Anakinra 149 MG/ML Prefilled Syringe [Kineret]<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Hellenic Institute for the Study of Sepsis<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>The Effect of Smart Sensor Combined With APP for Individualized Precise Exercise Training in Long Covid-19</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>:   Coronavirus Disease;   COVID-19;   Long Covid-19;   Telerehabilitation<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Device: KNEESUP smart knee assistive device + KNEESUP care APP;   Device: KNEESUP care APP;   Behavioral: Healthy consulation<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Shang-Lin Chiang<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-pubmed">From PubMed</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Mitochondria of lung venular capillaries mediate lung-liver crosstalk in pneumonia</strong> - Failure of the lung’s endothelial barrier underlies lung injury, which causes the high mortality Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS). Multiple organ failure predisposes to the mortality, but mechanisms are poorly understood. Here, we show that mitochondrial Uncoupling Protein 2 (UCP2), a component of the mitochondrial inner membrane, plays a role in the barrier failure. Subsequent lung-liver crosstalk mediated by neutrophil activation causes liver congestion. We intranasally instilled…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Cereals as a Source of Bioactive Compounds with Anti-Hypertensive Activity and Their Intake in Times of COVID-19</strong> - Cereals have phytochemical compounds that can diminish the incidence of chronic diseases such as hypertension. The angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) participates in the modulation of blood pressure and is the principal receptor of the virus SARS-CoV-2. The inhibitors of the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and the block receptors of angiotensin II regulate the expression of ACE2; thus, they could be useful in the treatment of patients infected with SARS-CoV-2. The inferior peptides from…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Recent advances in cholinergic mechanisms as reactions to toxicity, stress, and neuroimmune insults</strong> - This review presents recent studies of the chemical and molecular regulators of acetylcholine (ACh) signaling and the complexity of the small molecule and RNA regulators of those mechanisms that control cholinergic functioning in health and disease. The underlying structural, neurochemical, and transcriptomic concepts, including basic and translational research and clinical studies, shed new light on how these processes inter-change under acute states, age, sex, and COVID-19 infection; all of…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Identification of alpha-linolenic acid as a broad-spectrum antiviral against zika, dengue, herpes simplex, influenza virus and SARS-CoV-2 infection</strong> - Zika virus (ZIKV) has garnered global attention due to its association with severe congenital defects including microcephaly. However, there are no licensed vaccines or drugs against ZIKV infection. Pregnant women have the greatest need for treatment, making drug safety crucial. Alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), a polyunsaturated ω-3 fatty acid, has been used as a health-care product and dietary supplement due to its potential medicinal properties. Here, we demonstrated that ALA inhibits ZIKV…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Mechanism of the Covalent Inhibition of Human Transmembrane Protease Serine 2 as an Original Antiviral Strategy</strong> - The Transmembrane Protease Serine 2 (TMPRSS2) is a human enzyme which is involved in the maturation and post-translation of different proteins. In addition to being overexpressed in cancer cells, TMPRSS2 plays a further fundamental role in favoring viral infections by allowing the fusion of the virus envelope with the cellular membrane, notably in SARS-CoV-2. In this contribution, we resort to multiscale molecular modeling to unravel the structural and dynamical features of TMPRSS2 and its…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Smoke and Spike: Benzo[a]pyrene Enhances SARS-CoV-2 Infection by Boosting NR4A2-Induced ACE2 and TMPRSS2 Expression</strong> - Cigarette smoke aggravates severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, they show that benzo[a]pyrene in cigarette smoke extract facilitates SARS-CoV-2 infection via upregulating angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2). Benzo[a]pyrene trans-activates the promoters of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 by upregulating nuclear receptor subfamily 4 A number 2 (NR4A2) and promoting its…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Garbage in, garbage out: how reliable training data improved a virtual screening approach against SARS-CoV-2 MPro</strong> - Introduction: The identification of chemical compounds that interfere with SARS-CoV-2 replication continues to be a priority in several academic and pharmaceutical laboratories. Computational tools and approaches have the power to integrate, process and analyze multiple data in a short time. However, these initiatives may yield unrealistic results if the applied models are not inferred from reliable data and the resulting predictions are not confirmed by experimental evidence. Methods: We…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Virtual high-throughput screening: Potential inhibitors targeting aminopeptidase N (CD13) and PIKfyve for SARS-CoV-2</strong> - Since the outbreak of the novel coronavirus nearly 3 years ago, the world’s public health has been under constant threat. At the same time, people’s travel and social interaction have also been greatly affected. The study focused on the potential host targets of SARS-CoV-2, CD13, and PIKfyve, which may be involved in viral infection and the viral/cell membrane fusion stage of SARS-CoV-2 in humans. In this study, electronic virtual high-throughput screening for CD13 and PIKfyve was conducted…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Investigation of oxidative, inflammatory and apoptotic effects of favipiravir use alone and combined with vitamin C on brain tissue of elderly rats</strong> - Favipiravir is a nucleoside analogue antiviral drug and inhibits the replication of many RNA viruses, especially influenza viruses. Favipiravir has also been used to treat patients with mild to moderate COVID-19 disease. However, various side effects, including neurological side effects, have been reported related to the use of favipiravir. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to investigate the possible effects of favipiravir alone or in combination with vitamin C on aged rats’ brain tissue and…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong><em>In silico</em> identification of D449-0032 compound as a putative SARS-CoV-2 M<sup>pro</sup> inhibitor</strong> - The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic originated the urgency in developing therapeutic resources for the treatment of COVID-19. Despite the current availability of vaccines and some antivirals, the occurence of severe cases of the disease and the risk of the emergence of new virus variants still motivate research in this field. In this context, this study aimed at the computational prospection of likely inhibitors of the main protease (M^(pro)) of SARS-CoV-2 since inhibiting this enzyme leads to disruption of…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Synthesis of multivalent sialyllactose-conjugated PAMAM dendrimers: Binding to SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and influenza hemagglutinin</strong> - Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) and influenza viruses have spread around the world at an unprecedented rate. Despite multiple vaccines, new variants of SARS-CoV-2 and influenza have caused a remarkable level of pathogenesis. The development of effective antiviral drugs to treat SARS-CoV-2 and influenza remains a high priority. Inhibiting viral cell surface attachment represents an early and efficient means to block virus infection. Sialyl glycoconjugates, on…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Nanobodies with cross-neutralizing activity provide prominent therapeutic efficacy in mild and severe COVID-19 rodent models</strong> - The weakened protective efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines and antibodies caused by SARS-CoV-2 variants presents a global health emergency, which underscores the urgent need for universal therapeutic antibody intervention for clinical patients. Here, we screened three alpacas-derived nanobodies (Nbs) with neutralizing activity from twenty RBD-specific Nbs. The three Nbs were fused with the Fc domain of human IgG, namely aVHH-11-Fc, aVHH-13-Fc and aVHH-14-Fc, which could specifically bind RBD protein…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Janus kinase inhibition in juvenile idiopathic arthritis</strong> - No abstract</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Patch-clamp studies and cell viability assays suggest a distinct site for viroporin inhibitors on the E protein of SARS-CoV-2</strong> - CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates direct inhibition of the SARS-CoV-2 E protein by classical viroporin inhibitors. Ivermectin and milbemycin inhibit the E protein channel but their cytotoxicity argues against clinical application.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Structural basis for the inhibition of coronaviral main proteases by ensitrelvir</strong> - Main protease (M^(pro)) is a highly conserved cysteine protease that plays a vital role in the replication of coronaviruses, making it an attractive pan-coronaviral therapeutic target. Ensitrelvir (S-217622), developed by Shionogi, is the first orally active non-covalent, non-peptidic SARS-CoV-2 M^(pro) inhibitor, which also displays antiviral efficacy against other human coronaviruses as well as SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs) and variants of interest (VOIs). Here, we report the crystal…</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-patent-search">From Patent Search</h1>
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<h1 data-aos="fade-down" id="daily-dose">Daily-Dose</h1>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" data-aos-anchor-placement="top-bottom" id="contents">Contents</h1>
<ul>
<li><a href="#from-new-yorker">From New Yorker</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-vox">From Vox</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-the-hindu-sports">From The Hindu: Sports</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-the-hindu-national-news">From The Hindu: National News</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-bbc-europe">From BBC: Europe</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-ars-technica">From Ars Technica</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-jokes-subreddit">From Jokes Subreddit</a></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-new-yorker">From New Yorker</h1>
<ul>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>What to Do with Climate Emotions</strong> - If the goal is to insure that the planet remains habitable, what is the right degree of panic, and how do you bear it? - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/annals-of-a-warming-planet/what-to-do-with-climate-emotions">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Wes Moore Would Like to Make History</strong> - Maryland’s first Black governor talks about his surprise win, what working in banking taught him about power, his grandmother’s advice, and the importance of service. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/the-new-yorker-interview/wes-moore-would-like-to-make-history">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>The Alternative Facts of Robert F. Kennedy, Jr.</strong> - The Democratic Presidential candidate talks about his right-wing admirers, his distrust of scientists and the media, and his belief that the C.I.A. was involved in J.F.K.’s death. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/q-and-a/the-alternative-facts-of-robert-f-kennedy-jr">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>The Conspiracies of Robert F. Kennedy, Jr.</strong> - The anti-vaccine activist and litigator with a famous name and a long history of addiction has decided to run for President. David Remnick probes what his candidacy is all about. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/podcast/the-new-yorker-radio-hour/the-conspiracies-of-robert-f-kennedy-jr">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>To Save the Planet, Should We Really Be Moving Slower?</strong> - The degrowth movement makes a comeback. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/daily-comment/to-save-the-planet-should-we-really-be-moving-slower">link</a></p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-vox">From Vox</h1>
<ul>
<li><strong>How to raise kids in the face of climate change</strong> -
<figure>
<img alt="An illustration of two people trying to carry the Earth while it’s on fire." src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/XZydt_8oOa8A-c3Zx3ipUQGlIhU=/164x0:4735x3428/1310x983/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_image/image/72442374/GettyImages_1369264693.0.jpg"/>
<figcaption>
Getty Images/fStop
</figcaption>
</figure>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
A conversation about parenting, our planet, and holding onto hope.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="dkcKFh">
There are a handful of topics that I almost force myself to not think about because the thoughts lead to a dead end. At the top of that list is climate change. It’s one of those problems that starts to overwhelm me when I consider the scale and the implications and all the barriers to tackling it.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="m1jasF">
I also know I can’t ignore it, because it’s real and it’s getting more urgent. In fact, the average temperature was as hot as it’s ever been, or at least as hot as we’ve ever recorded it to be, several days <a href="https://www.reuters.com/business/environment/world-breaks-hottest-day-record-third-time-this-week-us-agency-2023-07-07/">already this month</a>. And if you live in the northeast United States, you’ve probably noticed the smoke blanket looming over you in recent weeks thanks to wildfires in Canada.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Fz3TGI">
The question a lot of us have asked ourselves at various points is: What is <em>my</em> responsibility in this situation? What can I, as an individual, do?
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="2vMeeh">
There isn’t an easy answer here, in part because the problem is too big for any one of us to solve. But if you’re a parent — as I am — the climate predicament takes on an additional dimension. You have to wonder not just about the ethics of raising children in an unstable world. You also have to decide, in a very concrete way, what you <em>really</em> value and whether or not you’re willing to live in accordance with those values.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="dUIuPG">
I spoke with Elizabeth Cripps for <em>The Gray Area</em> (full episode below). She’s a professor of political theory at the University of Edinburgh in Scotland, and she’s the author of a new book called <a href="https://mitpress.mit.edu/9780262047586/parenting-on-earth/"><em>Parenting on Earth: A Philosopher’s Guide to Doing Right by Your Kids — and Everyone Else</em></a>.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="svKEbe">
Cripps writes about issues like climate change and the ethics of collective responsibility, and her work has always emphasized the real possibilities for political reform. In her new book, Cripps makes what might seem like a strange turn to parenting, but it’s not strange at all, because it’s about the responsibilities we have as parents and citizens to build a sustainable future. The book walks the reader through the real-life choices we’re all facing, whether we have kids or not, and it explores what it means to be a climate activist in a world that forces us to make complicated — and sometimes contradictory — choices.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="c913EA">
<em>This conversation has been edited and condensed.</em>
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="K6CvRT">
<strong>So this is a book about parenting. We’re gonna talk a lot about parenting. You have two daughters. How old are they?</strong>
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="a8J2cg">
They are 10 and nearly eight. Having them was what inspired me to write the book and made me think about climate change and these other emergencies in a new way. I’d already known how important climate justice was and then suddenly it was my own children whose future was at stake. And it seemed to matter to me in a whole new way, and I felt it was really important for me as a philosopher, but also as a person to try and figure out what it actually meant to be a parent at the moment.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="lDLOXz">
<strong>Is this a space where your academic interest and your private life as a parent sort of converge?</strong>
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="iXhZES">
They do very much converge. I’ve written and thought about climate justice since I started my academic career. But then when I had my first daughter, I just couldn’t stop making the link between all these new responsibilities that I had to her and the state of the world for the next generation. There was surprisingly little that was written about the direct question of what, as parents, we should be doing about climate change because we owe it to our own children. There’s a lot about intergenerational justice generally. But this specific question, which seems so important to me, hadn’t been massively discussed, and I thought, “I really need to figure this out.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="943MUv">
<strong>It’s a gigantic question, but what do you personally think we most owe our children?</strong>
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="EjNFwy">
I mean, it’s a huge philosophical question, what exactly we owe our children, but most people who have thought about this relatively recently tend to say, we owe it to our children to give them a good childhood. So, to give them all the things they need while we are caring for them, but also to prepare them to be adults, to enable them to live flourishing lives as adults.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="hZIp2W">
I think that makes intuitive sense: what I owe to my children is to give them a good shot at a decent, flourishing human life. And that means caring for them now. It means thinking about what they’ll need as adults and helping them to get that.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="v7ZrVd">
But I also think now, when we can’t rely on our governments to protect our children’s future because they’re really not acting on climate change, being a good parent inevitably then has this other element of trying to think about what we can do to change that.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="bJ3pLL">
<strong>But you also push back against this parenting style that you call the parental saint. That sounds like such a good thing to be. What could possibly be wrong with being a parental saint — which is obviously a play on the idea of a moral saint?</strong>
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="OIYpxs">
Absolutely it is. So there’s this great quote from <a href="https://godandgoodlife.nd.edu/digital-essays/susan-wolf-s-moral-saints-reject-moral-perfection-rethink-morality-don-t-obsess-over-morality/#:~:text=I%20don't%20know%20whether,morally%20worthy%20as%20can%20be.">Susan Wolf</a> who says, I don’t know exactly what a moral saint is, but I’m glad that neither I nor anybody I care about is one. The idea being that we wouldn’t be able to do so many of the things that give our lives enjoyment and meaning if we were focused entirely on doing what we could for others all the time. And equally, she says, if we always did that as a society, we would lose other things that are incredibly valuable: great works of literature and art and so on.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="doT11s">
I think similarly we could say, as parents, if we throw everything we have at our children and deny ourselves all our other interests, then it seems that a lot of value would also be lost. And it’s also unclear that that would be what’s best for our own children.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="PwdHHK">
<a href="https://press.princeton.edu/books/paperback/9780691173733/family-values">Harry Brighouse and Adam Swift</a>, who talk about this a lot, talk about the fact that it can be good for our own children to see their parents having their own interests. Although, of course, it’s also important to have this family relationship and to do things you value together. So it’s a balancing act.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="XmiM8z">
<strong>Part of the conflict here is between well-intentioned parents wanting to help build the institutions that will protect us and our kids in the future from things like climate change. And something you say explicitly in the book: “When it comes to protecting our children … the buck stops with us.” This is something I feel pretty intensely because I’m not sure how much faith I have in our institutions moving forward. But I think that you are right to caution parents against assuming that our institutions will safeguard our kids’ futures.</strong>
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="2xjxzr">
<strong>And if we are right to be worried about that, then, how do we balance the desire to protect our kids as much as possible against the desire to sacrifice in service of institutions we think are failing — and in many cases have already failed?</strong>
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="ocd5Nm">
I think it is a mistake to think that we can rely on current institutions to protect our children. I think it’s quite clear that our governments aren’t going to act adequately on climate change unless a lot more pressure is put on them. I also think it’s really worth stressing that it’s a very privileged position to be in, only just to be realizing that.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="uq7nk4">
Only a middle-class white parent could be saying, “Oh my goodness, I’ve just realized that our government isn’t looking after my children.” For parents of color, that’s something that they’ve been dealing with for generations.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="vKz4La">
In terms of the institutions themselves, I think we are in a position now where it’s not a straightforward case of saying, my government’s not gonna protect my child, so I’m going to protect them as an individual, because we can’t do that. Nobody — possibly if they’re a billionaire building a bunker underground — can ensure some kind of future life for their child, even in extreme climate change situations. But for most of us, even privileged people, this isn’t something that we can do alone.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="XNFKrp">
So we have a third option. Which is changing and challenging these institutions on behalf of our children. And that is why I end up saying the most important thing that we need to do as parents is to be activists. And I don’t say that lightly, but I think that’s a kind of unavoidable position when we’ve got to this point.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="X3HQ28">
<strong>What does that mean really, to be an activist? That’s a term, at least in our discourse, that’s a little loaded. What does it really mean at this moment in history, about this issue in particular, to be an activist? </strong>
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="dV6pbp">
As I use it, it means working with others to try and change what’s happening collectively, to get a just response to these global emergencies. So that could involve anything from petitioning banks and pension funds to change what they do to being part of some kind of coordinated lifestyle change movements to move away from flying or driving, or campaigning to reform the public transport systems. It can also mean directly trying to lobby with or work with, or even become a politician and change what happens politically. It could even involve civil disobedience.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="5dtNBP">
I think there’s a huge range of actions there, and what it makes sense for individual parents to do is very much going to depend on not only what’s most needed, but also what opportunities they have, what talents they have, what skills they have, how much money they have, how much time they have.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="TGGyJZ">
There’s gonna be lots of different things that people can do, from donating huge amounts of money, to well-chosen charities, to spending their time in certain ways.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Vi3waW">
<strong>You mentioned civil disobedience. Are you familiar with Andreas Malm? His book, </strong><em><strong>How to Blow up a Pipeline</strong></em><strong>? </strong><a href="https://www.vox.com/vox-conversations-podcast/22691428/vox-conversations-climate-change-andreas-malm"><strong>He was on the show</strong></a><strong>. In brief, he’s making the argument that, given how dire this problem is, if you really want to be an effective activist on this front, things may have to get a little dicey, a little less safe. We may have to take certain measures beyond civil disobedience. Not necessarily blowing up a pipeline, but more subversive acts in order to instigate the sorts of changes we need. How does that argument sit with you?</strong>
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="ESBqAT">
To start with, I would say that there’s evidence that a wide range and combination of tactics can work well together. So, what different people do is gonna depend on the situations they’re in.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="FpL0fD">
But for me, I think the key moral distinction is between violent and nonviolent action. And by that I mean, there’s a key distinction between civil disobedience and violence against property, on the one hand, and violence against people, which is just a clear moral no-no.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="IaSGW3">
<strong>Yeah, I said this to Andreas and I’ll say it again here to you. Even though I certainly grant the distinction between violence to property and violence to people, purely as a political question, I think taking those sorts of measures now will probably undercut our efforts more than anything else.</strong>
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="vSyRaq">
<strong>You talked about your daughters earlier. They’re still a little young for this, but, in a few years, how would you react if one of your daughters came to you and said that they have decided that they’re gonna engage in subversive activities in defense of climate efforts, what would you tell them? That’s a tough question, I know.</strong>
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="E6vh9e">
It is a tough question. I’ve taken them on climate protest marches with me. I think that there is a clear philosophical defense of civil disobedience when the government is essentially not doing its part in the social contract, it’s not protecting children, future generations’ basic rights.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="QBn0vE">
So that does give this clear justification for principled lawbreaking. But as you say, there is then this further question of what works.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="3gD0mj">
So I think what I would be saying to my daughters is, have you done the research on what’s gonna be effective? Have you thought through the impact for yourself?
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="NSxNRz">
But ultimately it’s up to them. I think that key difference is between violence against property and violence against people, the latter of which I would never, ever condone, but I want to bring up my children to understand the challenges that face them and to be aware of the range of options there are for tackling them.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="oUXBQV">
And they will then have the autonomy to work with others and decide for themselves what they want to do.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="vvFtVW">
<strong>There is a giant, awkward, looming question hanging over these kinds of conversations: should we even be having kids at all? Now, I think this is a ridiculous question, but lots of people don’t.</strong>
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="ZunOFm">
Yeah, I thought it was really important to discuss this question. For me, the important question is really, what do we owe our children when we have them? That was the one I really wanted to tackle in this book, but this is a live question for a lot of people. People are asking this and they’re asking it for various reasons.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="WdmGmc">
There’s the concern, about the world that you would be bringing this child into. And I understand that concern, and I think one of my fears of not acting on climate change is of leaving the next generation in a situation where they really do face this stark choice between not having children at all and those children having a terrible future.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="IaY30V">
But I don’t think that’s where we are now, because I think we still have this option of, well, have children and do all we still can to protect their future.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="lWeT3o">
We can still do something about this. And then there’s the other sort of main argument, which is the carbon impact of having children. It’s one of the biggest carbon impact decisions that we make as an individual. What I do in the book is reflect on choices that I made and my husband made there, rather than try and dictate to anyone else, because I just don’t think it would be appropriate to be doing that.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="VSrW3I">
As with all other individual choices, like not flying and not driving, there are moral reasons not to do something that has high carbon impact, but on the other hand, not having children would be such a huge sacrifice for many people. I mean, it’s a really fundamental part for many people of living a flourishing life. It’s a really amazing and valuable relationship.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="qY6dcI">
This crisis is caused by governments, fossil fuel companies. It is not caused by individuals. To be saying to individuals — including individual women whose bodies are ultimately in question here — “Oh, you shouldn’t be having children,” just doesn’t seem like the right response.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="b6Ah8E">
I do think there are questions to ask oneself about family size and carbon impact; and the time that we have for our other children and things to do for them is morally relevant.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="ANeXiu">
But I don’t want to say that there’s some kind of universal rule, that everyone should stop at some set number of children, because people have very different reasons for valuing different family sizes. It’s just not reasonable to say there’s some rule that everyone should just stop at some fixed number of children or choose to do that. I don’t think that makes moral sense.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Mx48Pl">
<strong>Yeah, and look, I should say, while I think the answer to the question “Should we stop having kids?” is very obviously no, I understand the anxiety out of which that question springs. My son is four. Sometimes I do think about what might await him in the future, and it scares the absolute shit outta me to the point where I kind of just stop thinking about it, really.</strong>
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="xLtmjA">
<strong>The premise beneath the question is what upsets me a little bit, because it’s both counterproductive and also fatalistic in a way we have to reject. We don’t know the future. We don’t know what’s possible. We have no idea how much happiness may come to our kids in the future. To have a kid at all is already an expression of hope. And if we’re done with hope, then we’re just done.</strong>
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="pgNloa">
I do agree with that, and I think if you’ve got a child, you can’t be a kind of doomerist or fatalist about this. You have to hope.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="wZuJYw">
I think there’s a really important difference between a passive hope, and what I call active or earned hope. So yes, in having children, it is, as you say, a kind of declaration of hope.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Q63A3T">
But I then think that we owe it to our children to try and work together to protect their futures rather than just sitting back and having the reaction you sometimes see, which is middle-aged people looking at youth strikers and saying, “You give me hope. You’re amazing as a generation.” Because it’s not just their job to do that. It’s our job as parents to be protecting their future.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="9yzirG">
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="E0y8rz">
</p></li>
<li><strong>After all that, Turkey will support Sweden’s NATO bid</strong> -
<figure>
<img alt="Three men in suits. Two of them shake hands. " src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/hQ77pBeL1zYPQCMyDnWAyglCeyo=/295x0:5688x4045/1310x983/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_image/image/72441389/1518799004.0.jpg"/>
<figcaption>
Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, Secretary General of NATO Jens Stoltenberg, and Swedish Prime Minister Ulf Kristersson pose for a photograph during their meeting ahead of the NATO Summit on July 11, 2023 in Vilnius, Lithuania. | Filip Singer/Pool/Getty Images
</figcaption>
</figure>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
President Erdoğan reversed himself on the eve of NATO’s summit in Vilnius.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Sx387v">
Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan has agreed to support Sweden’s bid to join the North Atlantic Treaty Alliance (NATO), <a href="https://www.vox.com/world-politics/2023/7/8/23787509/sweden-turkey-nato-membership-summit-drama">a last-minute about-face</a> that delivers a symbolic win for the military pact ahead of its summit on Tuesday.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="A9bl4d">
Late Monday, NATO Secretary-General Jens Stoltenberg announced that Erdoğan would push for Sweden’s ratification into NATO. It was a pretty remarkable turnaround from Erdoğan, whose objections seemed to deepen earlier Monday, when he <a href="https://www.vox.com/world-politics/2023/7/8/23787509/sweden-turkey-nato-membership-summit-drama">tried to tie Sweden’s NATO prospects</a> to Turkey’s ascension to the European Union.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="zSyzhr">
Sweden had already <a href="https://www.vox.com/world-politics/2023/7/8/23787509/sweden-turkey-nato-membership-summit-drama">made a series of concessions</a> to Turkey to persuade Erdoğan, and <a href="https://apnews.com/article/nato-membership-turkey-sweden-hungary-9bdf70de90ac0fb6e0ba1c8cc72f9f10">Stoltenberg,</a> <a href="https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/erdogan-biden-held-call-discussed-swedens-nato-bid-turkish-presidency-2023-07-09/">the United States,</a> and <a href="https://www.reuters.com/world/uk/uks-sunak-tells-turkey-hopes-swedens-nato-accession-will-happen-soon-2023-07-07/">other NATO allies</a> had spent recent days trying to convince Erdoğan to <a href="https://www.vox.com/world/23581876/turkey-sweden-finland-nato-membership">end his months-long obstruction</a>. Allies are gathering in Vilnius, Lithuania <a href="https://www.vox.com/joe-biden/2023/7/10/23790174/joe-biden-europe-uk-nato-ukraine-finland">for this year’s NATO summit</a>, and Turkey’s objections undermined the sense of cohesion the alliance sought to project. It also distracted from the other difficult diplomacy leaders are working on this week, most notably, the question of <a href="https://www.foreignaffairs.com/europe/stronger-nato-more-dangerous-world-vilnius-jens-stoltenberg?utm_medium=newsletters&amp;utm_source=pre_release&amp;utm_campaign=&amp;utm_content=20230710&amp;utm_term=PressCFR%20and%20Members%20-%20ALL">Ukraine’s future NATO membership</a>.
</p>
<div id="xMBtU9">
<blockquote class="twitter-tweet">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" dir="ltr" lang="en">
Glad to announce that after the meeting I hosted with <a href="https://twitter.com/RTErdogan?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw"><span class="citation" data-cites="RTErdogan">@RTErdogan</span></a> &amp; <a href="https://twitter.com/SwedishPM?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw"><span class="citation" data-cites="SwedishPM">@SwedishPM</span></a>, President Erdogan has agreed to forward <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/Sweden?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#Sweden</a>’s accession protocol to the Grand National Assembly ASAP &amp; ensure ratification. This is an historic step which makes all <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/NATO?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#NATO</a> Allies stronger &amp; safer. <a href="https://t.co/D7OeR5Vgba">pic.twitter.com/D7OeR5Vgba</a>
</p>
— Jens Stoltenberg (<span class="citation" data-cites="jensstoltenberg">@jensstoltenberg</span>) <a href="https://twitter.com/jensstoltenberg/status/1678484703060324359?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">July 10, 2023</a>
</blockquote></div></li>
</ul>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="ybFNuv">
Turkey’s parliament (<a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/national-security/2023/07/09/erdogan-orban-nato-sweden/">along with Hungary’s</a>) must still ratify Sweden’s membership, so this is not a totally done deal yet. But NATO can still claim<strong> </strong>a<strong> </strong>big victory — and, er, a totally natural photo-op — as the summit begins. This is more than just symbolism, though. This year, NATO expanded, and will gain two new members, bringing the total to 32. Finland (which officially joined in April) and Sweden had long pursued policies of nonalignment, cooperating with NATO, <a href="https://www.vox.com/2022/5/13/23069341/finland-sweden-nato-membership-russia-ukraine-war">but staying firmly outside the pact</a>. But Russia’s invasion of Ukraine forced Finland and Sweden to reconsider their security interests, and see ascension as a deterrent to future Russian aggression.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="vE87G1">
Finland’s and Sweden’s membership, then, is a defeat for Vladimir Putin, whose war in Ukraine ultimately spurred the enlargement and potentially, the reshaping, of the alliance. NATO wants to seize on this moment to reinvigorate its mission and reimagine its role in the defense of Europe and its position in the world.
</p>
<h3 id="SULHxZ">
The NATO-Turkey-Sweden drama, briefly explained
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="ByoGJD">
Last summer, in the wake of Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, <a href="https://www.vox.com/2022/5/13/23069341/finland-sweden-nato-membership-russia-ukraine-war">Finland and Sweden dropped</a> their long-held stance of nonalignment and announced their intention to join NATO. The two European Union countries had a long history of cooperating closely with the alliance, and both are strong, stable democracies — typically the ideal formula for a smooth membership.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="MEKMtD">
Erdoğan saw it differently. The Turkish leader opposed their bids because of what he saw as the countries’ support for Kurdish groups that he regards as terrorist organizations, and because of the countries’ arms embargoes on Turkey. At last year’s NATO summit in Madrid, Turkey, Finland, and Sweden <a href="https://www.vox.com/2022/5/13/23069341/finland-sweden-nato-membership-russia-ukraine-war">all agreed to a memorandum of understanding</a> that seemed to resolve these issues.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="JS06nZ">
But it didn’t last. Though the Turkish leader ultimately allowed Finland to join, he <a href="https://www.vox.com/world/23581876/turkey-sweden-finland-nato-membership">continued to block Sweden’s entry</a>, saying that it still had not been tough enough on terrorists.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="4e99Cg">
Erdoğan’s definition of terrorists, though, is pretty expansive, and often includes dissidents and others critical of his regime. Even if Turkey has a case, Sweden has to follow due process and rule of law and can’t just, say, extradite a bunch of people on a whim. A recent <a href="https://apnews.com/article/sweden-quran-burnings-islam-nato-russia-ukraine-bbcf9ebcae1b2897df77929919a4f765">Quran-burning outside a Stockholm mosque</a> has added to tensions, as Turkey interprets these as Sweden’s permissive attitude toward anti-Islamic protests rather than freedom of speech.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="nZWIWs">
Even so, Sweden made concessions, <a href="https://apnews.com/article/sweden-turkey-nato-terror-laws-pkk-ed6dc182a351de8f338269e184d49d96">including strengthening its antiterrorism laws</a> and by agreeing to extradite some individuals, including at least one person convicted of a drug crime in Turkey in 2013. (The person claims <a href="https://apnews.com/article/sweden-turkey-kurds-hdp-pkk-extradition-a3c20e6712657bd465711bd0144404e0">the real reason for his extradition</a> is his PKK ties.) But Sweden is also trying to walk a delicate line, as both its government and its citizens have insisted they <a href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2023-01-03/swedes-reject-legal-concessions-for-turkey-s-nato-assent-in-dagens-nyheter-poll#xj4y7vzkg">will not compromise on rule of law to appease Turkey</a>.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="ba9Fz0">
In addition to these steps,<strong> </strong>the hope was that Erdoğan, <a href="https://www.vox.com/world-politics/2023/5/28/23735070/turkey-elections-erdogan-akp-nato-united-states">fresh off a big reelection win this May</a>, would no longer be seeking easy political wins, and so might ease off his Sweden stance by the time this summit rolled around. But just because Erdoğan won another term didn’t mean he would become a different president. <a href="https://www.vox.com/world-politics/2023/5/28/23735070/turkey-elections-erdogan-akp-nato-united-states">As experts said</a>, he would see the election as a way to reset relations with the West — but on his terms. Which meant few Turkish observers thought he’d rush to ratify Sweden’s NATO membership after the election, at least not without getting something in return.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="GauDgm">
That something might be F-16 fighter jets. The <a href="https://www.vox.com/joe-biden">Biden administration</a> has been very clear that it will be happy to <a href="https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/biden-says-he-erdogan-talked-about-f16s-sweden-2023-05-29/">let Turkey buy upgraded equipment</a>, and hasn’t even been all that discreet about <a href="https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/biden-says-he-erdogan-talked-about-f16s-sweden-2023-05-29/">using it as leverage in this effort</a> to get Sweden into NATO. “I congratulated Erdogan. He still wants to work on something on the F-16s. I told him we wanted a deal with Sweden, so let’s get that done,” President Joe Biden <a href="https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/biden-says-he-erdogan-talked-about-f16s-sweden-2023-05-29/">said</a> after Erdoğan’s election win in May.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="ftiF15">
But it isn’t quite that simple. Congress ultimately has a say over weapons transfers, and it has continued to object to an F-16 deal over the Sweden-NATO standoff, but also other concerns, <a href="https://www.reuters.com/world/senior-us-lawmaker-wants-change-turkey-before-f-16-sale-approval-2023-05-31/">such as Turkey’s anti-democratic slide and Syria</a>. Over the weekend, Biden and Erdoğan had a chat, <a href="https://www.politico.eu/article/sweden-not-ready-for-nato-turkey-erdogan-tells-us-joe-biden/">where they talked about F-16s</a>, but the Turkish leader appeared to bristle at the idea of a possible quid pro quo, basically saying it was <a href="https://www.politico.eu/article/sweden-not-ready-for-nato-turkey-erdogan-tells-us-joe-biden/">“not correct”</a> to connect the two.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="ptpm6J">
Turns out Erdoğan wanted something unexpected: a revival of his country’s EU membership bid.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="2Y80G9">
Turkey officially <a href="https://neighbourhood-enlargement.ec.europa.eu/enlargement-policy/turkiye_en">entered into ascension negotiations</a> with the EU in 2005, but its democratic and rule-of-law backsliding under Erdoğan, especially in recent years, <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/24/world/europe/european-parliament-turkey-eu-membership.html">has put its bid indefinitely on hold</a>.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="lWVQVw">
It’s not really clear whether EU membership is even something Erdoğan really wants. Erdoğan uses his opposition to the West as a way to exert Turkey’s strength and influence, and that nationalism plays well domestically: being the headliner for the first days of the NATO summit and claiming that he revived Turkey’s EU bid may sell well at home. Even better if he ends up getting those F-16s.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="zc0UCQ">
What’s also not clear is how the Sweden debacle might further transform relations between the West and Turkey. Turkey is proving itself an unreliable ally and partner. Though Erdoğan conceded in the end, he put the alliance through quite a bit of strain, and the West may have less tolerance in the future for Erdoğan’s antics. NATO will likely lean into its moment of unity now, but it is unlikely to obscure its current fractures for long.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="yLSrK4">
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="AIAKfX">
</p>
<ul>
<li><strong>Biden’s Eurotrip, briefly explained</strong> -
<figure>
<img alt="King Charles and President Biden, both in blue suits, walk together past red-uniformed military officers." src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/MIAcetjJ55DqoGuX0kmSiryRjzk=/455x0:5406x3713/1310x983/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_image/image/72440813/1531325544.0.jpg"/>
<figcaption>
King Charles III greets President Joe Biden at Windsor Castle as part of a ceremonial welcome on July 10, 2023.  | Chris Jackson/Getty Images
</figcaption>
</figure>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Biden’s big Europe trip could have major implications for Ukraine.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="1zITwv">
<a href="https://www.vox.com/joe-biden">President Joe Biden</a> is in Europe this week for a series of pivotal meetings, <a href="https://www.vox.com/world-politics/2023/7/8/23787509/sweden-turkey-nato-membership-summit-drama">including a NATO summit</a> centered <a href="https://www.vox.com/2023/6/10/23750041/russia-ukraine-war-counteroffensive-begins-explained">on long-term Ukraine policy</a> in Vilnius, Lithuania. These meetings come at a critical time: They are meant to signal the US and NATO countries’ enduring support of Ukraine, and to rally a newly expanded NATO as it struggles to align on the best response to <a href="https://www.vox.com/russia">Russia</a>’s ongoing military action.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="RDdjGF">
Biden’s first stop was in the United Kingdom, where he met with Prime Minister Rishi Sunak — and King Charles for the first time since his coronation. That visit will be followed by the NATO Summit, and another meeting in Helsinki, Finland, with Nordic countries.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="topKXw">
Members of the alliance have a lot to discuss: A question about Ukraine’s ability to join NATO remains outstanding. <a href="https://www.vox.com/politics/2023/7/7/23785820/cluster-bombs-ukraine-united-states-biden-treaty">And the US’s decision to send Ukraine cluster bombs</a>, a weapon that’s been banned by a number of NATO members, is also set to be addressed. Notably, member countries are likely to use the summit to discuss what long-term funding and military aid for Ukraine could entail.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="B6WAVq">
“The biggest critique of the US support for Ukraine is that it’s all very short-term,” says Max Bergmann, director of the Europe program at the Center for Strategic and International Studies. “What about in 2024, in 2025?”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="fBRJwE">
Below is a look at what the US hopes to gain from these meetings, and where the country stands going into them.
</p>
<h3 id="NHDAyI">
Why Biden visited Rishi Sunak and King Charles in the UK
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Hs3elM">
On Monday, Biden met with British Prime Minister Sunak, and described the relationship between the two countries as <a href="https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-66156581">“rock solid.”</a> This week’s meeting enables Biden to reaffirm ties with the UK and marks his sixth with Sunak overall, though his first at 10 Downing Street.
</p>
<div id="bxY2LH">
<blockquote class="twitter-tweet">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" dir="ltr" lang="en">
Reflecting on the enduring strength of our alliance, the leaders covered:<br/><br/> Progress to bolster the economic partnership<br/><br/>✅ The development of safe AI<br/><br/> Continuing long-term support for Ukraine<br/><br/> Ensuring Sweden’s accession to <a href="https://twitter.com/NATO?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw"><span class="citation" data-cites="NATO">@NATO</span></a><a href="https://t.co/C75c54mY8T">https://t.co/C75c54mY8T</a>
</p>
— UK Prime Minister (<span class="citation" data-cites="10DowningStreet">@10DowningStreet</span>) <a href="https://twitter.com/10DowningStreet/status/1678392787572518912?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">July 10, 2023</a>
</blockquote></div></li>
</ul>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="JgIDXl">
The meeting achieved multiple goals: In it, Biden emphasized <a href="https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2023/07/10/readout-of-president-joe-bidens-meeting-with-prime-minister-rishi-sunak-of-the-united-kingdom-4/">“steadfast support for Ukraine”</a> while addressing differences regarding new weapons the US plans to provide, talked through issues involved with NATO’s expansion, and reiterated the US and UK’s special relationship.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="3tUS4E">
The meeting enabled both Biden and Sunak to offer a united front regarding their backing for Ukraine, though they’ve previously differed on how explicit to be about the country’s ability to join NATO. While both agree Ukraine shouldn’t join until its war with Russia is over, the UK has appeared more supportive of Ukraine’s efforts to do so, while the US has been more cautious, due to the risk of opening up direct military conflict with Russia.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="L7hA3p">
“The UK has been at the vanguard of supporting Ukraine,” says Garret Martin, a codirector of the Transatlantic Policy Institute at American University. “On that issue, the UK has been a very important partner in pushing the needle and even influencing the US to escalate.” In a recent <a href="https://www.cnn.com/2023/07/09/politics/joe-biden-ukraine-nato-russia-cnntv/index.html">CNN interview</a>, Biden indicated that he favored providing a path for Ukraine and addressing additional conditions, rather than bringing the country into the group in the short term.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="BZsOti">
“I don’t think there is unanimity in NATO about whether or not to bring Ukraine into the NATO family now, at this moment, in the middle of a war,” he said. Sunak has said that Ukraine’s <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2023/07/10/biden-uk-nato-sunak-king/">“rightful place”</a> is in NATO.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="64DJTG">
The leaders also talked about the US’s recent and controversial delivery of cluster bombs to Ukraine. The UK and over 120 other countries have signed a convention that blocks the use of such weapons because of the threat they pose to civilians. The weapons are known to have unintended effects: Unexploded bombs can explode years later when triggered accidentally, hurting or killing civilians.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="QL9pz0">
Biden and Sunak “discussed the commitments that UK has under that convention, both not to produce or use cluster munitions and to discourage their use,” a spokesperson for the prime minister said, <a href="https://news.sky.com/story/joe-biden-says-us-uk-relationship-rock-solid-despite-disagreements-over-ukraine-12918578">according to Sky News</a>. Sunak said he did what he could to convey the UK’s position on the weapons; they will be transferred to Ukraine as scheduled.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="cGl1po">
Sweden’s NATO membership was also on the agenda. <a href="https://www.vox.com/world-politics/2023/7/8/23787509/sweden-turkey-nato-membership-summit-drama">As Vox’s Jen Kirby has explained</a>, Russia’s invasion of Ukraine prompted Finland and Sweden to request NATO membership. <a href="https://www.vox.com/turkey">Turkey</a> previously opposed both the bids of Finland and Sweden because of “what [President Recep Tayyip Erdogan] saw as the countries’ support for Kurdish groups that he regards as terrorist organizations, and because of the countries’ arms embargoes on Turkey,” Kirby writes. Turkey had previously resolved its objections to Finland’s bid, and on Monday, it announced it had decided to accept Sweden’s bid to join.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="LCnjMQ">
Beyond NATO, the two leaders also addressed further action on the Atlantic Declaration, an agreement made in June aimed at increasing cooperation over tech manufacturing, <a href="https://www.vox.com/2023/4/28/23702644/artificial-intelligence-machine-learning-technology">AI</a> and <a href="https://www.vox.com/energy">clean energy</a>. After his confab with Sunak, Biden also met with King Charles for the first time, focusing heavily on their mutual interest in efforts to combat <a href="https://www.vox.com/climate">climate change</a>. The two spoke with representatives from the private sector to discuss how companies could make investments that help address the issue.
</p>
<h3 id="SGHSEv">
What Biden wants from the NATO Summit in Vilnius, Lithuania
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Wh8ezm">
The NATO Summit on Tuesday and Wednesday is a major part of Biden’s trip, during which he’ll engage with leaders from the alliance’s 31 member countries. The goal here is to get all of NATO to agree on a plan for supporting Ukraine longer term.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="2M3No7">
Ukraine will likely receive a message about its potential inclusion in the bloc rather than an outright decision of whether it’s able to join. Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy has previously pushed for an explicit signal regarding Ukraine’s invitation into the group. Those in favor of offering Ukraine a clearer path to joining NATO, including a number of European countries, have said that doing so would bolster its security and defenses. Those who are warier of doing so at this time, including the US and Germany, have worried, however, about risking an explicit military confrontation with Russia.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="uoUQvi">
“I think there is more openness of Ukraine joining but there’s crucial differences in how quickly and how clear that guarantee should be,” says Martin.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="f2HLYS">
NATO’s countries are also slated to discuss what a longer-term response to Ukraine could look like, whether that’s a more enduring commitment to military aid or financial support. Up until now, countries have provided Ukraine with enough money and weapons to last a few months. A longer-term plan would signal how committed they are to defending Ukraine, as well as enable the country to make more in-depth strategic plans.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="KD1h4l">
“The most important component is that member states commit to weapon deliveries to Ukraine over a longer period of time,” says Council on Foreign Relations fellow Liana Fix. “The idea is to make this long-term and more formalized. It could be something like three to five years, not just in the next three to five months.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="wcjExk">
Sweden’s accession to NATO was another significant issue expected to be on the table before Turkey announced that it was dropping its objections on Monday. Turkey faced notable pressure from other member countries, including the US, to reverse its position. More recently, Turkey had suggested it may be willing to do so if it was granted membership in the <a href="https://www.vox.com/european-union">European Union</a>, something that is unlikely to happen, and allowed to purchase F-16 fighter jets from the US, something Biden had signaled support for.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="31Eg87">
As part of the deal to relent on Turkey’s opposition, “Sweden [agreed to] help reinvigorate Turkey’s application to enter the European Union, and NATO [will] establish a new ‘special coordinator for counterterrorism,’” <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2023/07/10/world/europe/erdogan-turkey-sweden-nato.html">the New York Times reported</a>.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="91r0Is">
Now, rather than trying to convince Turkey to change its mind, the nations will likely discuss how to integrate Sweden into the alliance. Still, the prolonged conflict over Sweden’s inclusion points to divides within the group. Bridging those gaps will be vital to maintaining the unity of the alliance.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="pA5CC4">
“If Turkey doesn’t shift, there’s potential for a real rift in the alliance,” Bergmann said ahead of Turkey’s announcement.
</p>
<h3 id="40m9Ef">
Why the US is holding a Helsinki meeting with Nordic countries
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="3PSPJp">
After the NATO Summit, Biden heads to Helsinki and will be there on Thursday. His visit is meant to commemorate Finland’s inclusion in NATO, and also to send a message to Putin that the US is ready to come to Finland’s aid should Russia violate the border the countries share.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="lQcKL1">
That summit will include gatherings with leaders from multiple Nordic countries including Norway, Sweden, Finland, Iceland, and Denmark. Given that Finland’s now in NATO, the country is likely to see increased support from member countries when it comes to shoring up its defense along its Russian border.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="pswxBH">
Other issues like access to resources in the Arctic, where Russia and <a href="https://www.vox.com/china">China</a> have established themselves, are poised to be on the table as well. “The Arctic is likely going to become an even bigger element of economic and security competition in the years to come,” says Martin.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="etDA6R">
<em><strong>Update, July 10, 4:30 pm:</strong></em><em> This story was originally published on July 10 and updated with the news of Turkey’s announcement about Sweden. </em>
</p>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-the-hindu-sports">From The Hindu: Sports</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Cellini excels</strong> -</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Chennaiyin FC ropes in winger Farukh Choudhary</strong> -</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Ramiel, Pneuma, Brave Majesty, English Bay, Serai and Art Gallery please</strong> -</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Indian Boxing Council to conduct inaugural Zonal pro boxing event</strong> - The competition will be held at the National College, Tiruchi, on July 16</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>2nd WT20I: Bangladesh choke in 96-run chase as India annex series winning low-scoring thriller</strong> - Off-spinner Sultana Khatun claimed a career-best 3/21 as the hosts grounded a star-studded India to a below-par 95 for 8, their lowest-ever total against Bangladesh in the women’s T20I</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-the-hindu-national-news">From The Hindu: National News</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Revanth comments are part of Cong. conspiracy against farming community: KTR</strong> - BRS working president calls for two-day protest across Telangana against Cong. talk of scrapping 24×7 free power to farming</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Islam occupies a unique ‘position of pride’ amongst religious groups in India: NSA Ajit Doval</strong> - Mr. Doval’s remarks came during an event at the India Islamic Cultural Centre where Muslim World League Secretary General Sheikh Dr. Mohammed bin Abdulkarim Al-Issa also addressed the gathering</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Tribal boy abducted by masked men from Ashram hostel, found dead in Eluru district of Andhra Pradesh</strong> - The nine-year-old was found dead with multiple injuries on his body, three school and hostel staff suspended</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Here are the big stories from Karnataka today</strong> - Welcome to the Karnataka Today newsletter, your guide from The Hindu on the major news stories to follow today. Curated and written by Nalme Nachiyar.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>BJP trying to revive NDA as winning in 2024 will not be easy: Omar</strong> - Abdullah said there was no proposal yet about the UCC, so there was nothing to oppose or support</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-bbc-europe">From BBC: Europe</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Nato summit: Ukraine’s future membership to be discussed by leaders in Vilnius</strong> - But the meeting in Lithuania will see disagreement over Ukraine’s ambition to join the military bloc.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Nato membership for Ukraine a key question at Vilnius summit</strong> - Nato is split over inviting Ukraine to join the alliance. Ukraine fears what happens if they don’t.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Sweden hails historic step as Turkey backs Nato bid</strong> - After 200 years of neutrality, Sweden is set to join the alliance, but plenty of questions remain.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Ukraine war: Russian ex-navy commander shot dead while jogging in Krasnodar</strong> - Stanislav Rzhitsky was reportedly shot dead by an unidentified gunman in the Russian city of Krasnodar.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Volcano erupts 20 miles from Iceland’s largest airport</strong> - An eruption has sent lava and smoke pouring on the Reykjanes peninsula following intense earthquake activity in the area.</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-ars-technica">From Ars Technica</h1>
<ul>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>It’s Amazon Prime Day—and here’s links to everything awesome we could find</strong> - We’ll be adding deals throughout the day, so check back when you can! - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1949667">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>We drive a gilded lily: The 2024 Mercedes-AMG EQE SUV</strong> - The AMG treatment is overkill for this electric vehicle. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1952660">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>OpenAI launches GPT-4 API for everyone</strong> - Dropping waitlist, devs can build the GPT-4 language model into their apps. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1952557">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Sarah Silverman sues OpenAI, Meta for being “industrial-strength plagiarists”</strong> - AI models allegedly trained on books copied from popular pirate e-book sites. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1952424">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Fairphone 3 gets seven years of updates, besting every other Android OEM</strong> - Fairphone proves the usual excuses for ending Android support aren’t valid. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1952561">link</a></p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-jokes-subreddit">From Jokes Subreddit</h1>
<ul>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>NASA recently discovered the man with the largest penis in the universe</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF --></p>
<div class="md">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
But they said it wasn’t an appropriate thing to put on my resume, and I didn’t get the job.
</p>
</div>
<!-- SC_ON -->
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/Flip_Six_Three_Hole"> /u/Flip_Six_Three_Hole </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/14wf3bt/nasa_recently_discovered_the_man_with_the_largest/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/14wf3bt/nasa_recently_discovered_the_man_with_the_largest/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>When NASA was preparing for the Apollo project, they did some astronaut training on a Navajo Indian reservation.</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF --></p>
<div class="md">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
One day, a Navajo elder and his son were herding sheep and came across the space crew. The old man, who only spoke Navajo, asked a question, which the son translated, “What are the guys in the big suits doing?”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
A member of the crew said they were practicing for their trip to the moon. The old man got really excited and asked if he could send a message to the moon with the astronauts.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Recognizing a promotional opportunity for the spin-doctors, the NASA folks found a tape recorder.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
After the old man recorded his message, they asked the son to translate. He refused. So the NASA reps brought the tape to the reservation, where the rest of the tribe listened and laughed, but refused to translate the elder’s message to the moon.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Finally, NASA called in an official government translator. He reported that the moon message said: “Watch out for these guys; they’ve come to steal your land.”
</p>
</div>
<!-- SC_ON -->
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/njman10"> /u/njman10 </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/14wh4uh/when_nasa_was_preparing_for_the_apollo_project/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/14wh4uh/when_nasa_was_preparing_for_the_apollo_project/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Adam Sandler told the funniest joke I’ve ever heard. It’s about Shaq.</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF --></p>
<div class="md">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
So Sandler relays the story below:
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
I was playing basketball and got the opportunity to play with Shaq. It was great. Afterward it just so happens that I’m in the showers and it’s just him and me in adjoining showers. So I think to myself, I’ve got to see his penis. This is my one chance. I’ve just go to know.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
So I finish up fast and I do this like backwards walk out so I can peek and not make it awkward. I’m walking backwards, walking backwards and I look over. Immediately I see this gigantic black bodyguard standing there guarding the shower. Bald head, ugly as sin, and giving me the meanest look I’ve ever seen with his one squinted eye. I was caught. Totally humiliated.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
I’m leaving and I’m just like Oh my God. Oh my God. This guy is totally gonna rat me out to Shaq.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
So later that evening we’re all out at dinner and I catch Shaq and off to the side I say “Hey, look man. I’m really sorry about the bodyguard incident in the shower.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Shaq says “I don’t have a bodyguard.”
</p>
</div>
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/ssshield"> /u/ssshield </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/14w53k2/adam_sandler_told_the_funniest_joke_ive_ever/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/14w53k2/adam_sandler_told_the_funniest_joke_ive_ever/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>An old lady was walking down the street</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF --></p>
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An old lady was walking down the street with two huge bags over her shoulders. While suddenly, one of the bags break and 100$ bills start falling on the sidewalk one after another.
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A policeman going in the opposite direction notices this and alerts the lady: “Excuse me, I think one of your bags broke and money is falling out.”
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The lady looks back.
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“Oh my, thank you young man, most people these days would just walk by and not say a thing. You are such a sweetie.”, she replies, drops the bags and starts collecting the money.
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The policeman looks at the two bags and he becomes curious.
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“How did an old lady like you get a full bag of money anyways?”
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“Oh, it is an honest business don’t worry”, the woman says. “I live in a house right next to the golf course and I have a beautiful garden with lots of nice flowers. However my fence is old and full of holes, so the golfers tend to come next to the fence, stick it through the holes and pee all over my flowers. This really hurts my garden, so I have figured out a trick. When they put it in the hole, I am waiting there with gardening shears and I say: ‘Give me 100$ or off it goes.’”
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The policeman is stumped, but amazed at the same time.
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“That really is a smart solution, however, I have to ask, what is in the second bag?”
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To which the woman stands up, looks him dead in the eye and says: “Well, not everybody pays.”
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/Spy_Mouse"> /u/Spy_Mouse </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/14wmkpq/an_old_lady_was_walking_down_the_street/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/14wmkpq/an_old_lady_was_walking_down_the_street/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>I think my deaf girlfriend is falling in love with a deaf friend of hers.</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF --></p>
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I’ve been noticing——the signs aren’t good.
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/porichoygupto"> /u/porichoygupto </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/14wg1wk/i_think_my_deaf_girlfriend_is_falling_in_love/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/14wg1wk/i_think_my_deaf_girlfriend_is_falling_in_love/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
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