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<title>10 February, 2021</title>
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<title>Covid-19 Sentry</title><meta content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" name="viewport"/><link href="styles/simple.css" rel="stylesheet"/><link href="../styles/simple.css" rel="stylesheet"/><link href="https://unpkg.com/aos@2.3.1/dist/aos.css" rel="stylesheet"/><script src="https://unpkg.com/aos@2.3.1/dist/aos.js"></script></head>
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<h1 data-aos="fade-down" id="covid-19-sentry">Covid-19 Sentry</h1>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" data-aos-anchor-placement="top-bottom" id="contents">Contents</h1>
<ul>
<li><a href="#from-preprints">From Preprints</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-clinical-trials">From Clinical Trials</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-pubmed">From PubMed</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-patent-search">From Patent Search</a></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-preprints">From Preprints</h1>
<ul>
<li><strong>The COVID States Project #12: Executive approval update</strong> -
<div>
The August wave of our COVID States survey indicates a continued gradual decline in approval of governors’ management of COVID-19, and a small improvement in President Trump’s management of COVID-19. The average governor saw their approval slip another 3 points in the last month, to 48% approval (versus 63% in late April). President Trump, who started from a much lower point, rebounded slightly from his low point of approval of 32% in July to 34% in August. See Figure 1 and Table 1 for trends in approval for governors by state, and Figure 1 and Table 2 for trends in approval for President Trump. The governors of Maryland, Massachusetts, and Connecticut are all at 65% approval or above. States with governors that have notably low approval ratings (below 40%) include Arizona, Florida, Georgia, Iowa, Hawaii, Idaho, Mississippi, Oregon, Oklahoma, Missouri, South Carolina, and Texas. Governors who have suffered particularly precipitous drops in the last month include the governors of California (Newsom), Virginia (Northam), and Florida (DeSantis). Newsom dropped from 58% approval to 47%, Northam from 59% to 46%, and DeSantis from an already low 40% to 29%. Notably, despite the general stability in presidential approval, Trump’s approval in Florida of his management of COVID-19 also dropped sharply, from 39% to 29%.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://osf.io/vj45t/" target="_blank">The COVID States Project #12: Executive approval update</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>The COVID States Project #14: Misinformation and vaccine acceptance</strong> -
<div>
Scholars and public health officials have expressed growing alarm over what some have termed a “misinfodemic” − a parallel epidemic of misinformation − around COVID-19. Indeed, conspiracy theories, from the Plandemic pseudo-documentary to QAnon, fuel rising skepticism about scientific facts across many areas of public life, and in recent months especially with respect to COVID-19. Misperceptions, which can rapidly spread from obscurity to mass exposure via social media, may have the capacity to hinder the efficacy of public health efforts aimed at slowing the spread of the pandemic. Especially concerning, encountering false claims online may ultimately reduce the willingness of some Americans to get a COVID-19 vaccine when it becomes available. In this report, we assess respondents’ acceptance of 11 false claims that have circulated online since the beginning of the pandemic. The statements we use include six false claims about conspiracies or risk factors and five false purported preventive treatments for COVID-19. For the conspiracies/risk factors, we asked respondents whether or not they thought each claim was accurate, or whether they were unsure about its accuracy. For the false preventive treatments, we asked participants whether or not they believed the purported treatment was effective, or whether they were unsure about its efficacy. Here, we explore some of the factors associated with higher or lower likelihood of believing false claims. We then consider the association between believing false information about COVID-19 and vaccine acceptance.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://osf.io/w974j/" target="_blank">The COVID States Project #14: Misinformation and vaccine acceptance</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>The COVID States Project #18: Fake news on Twitter</strong> -
<div>
Social media acts as a conduit for fake news websites, where we define fake news as information that mirrors legitimate news in form, but “lacks the news media’s editorial norms and processes for ensuring the accuracy and credibility of information.”4 During the 2016 election, for example, many researchers and journalists alike failed to track the weaponization of misinformation on social media, leaving them to retroactively discover which demographics had been most active in sharing fake news after the election had taken place. It is important to understand in real time which parts of the population are sharing fake news on Twitter. The COVID-19 pandemic has been a once-in-a-generation disruption for Americans. According to the CDC, by October 2020, there were over 8 million cases of COVID-19 and over 200,000 deaths.5 The consequences for Americans have been wide-ranging, from coping with staggering numbers of illnesses and deaths, to restrictions on freedom of movement, to mass unemployment and economic crisis. There has been a great deal of confusion and misinformation surrounding COVID-19 − a so-called Infodemic6 − with much of it occurring online. The BBC documented the direct costs of COVID-19 misinformation, which include alcohol and cleaning product poisonings, assault, property damage and heightened racism.7 In our panel, between January 1st and September 30th, 2020, the vast majority of shared URLs from COVID-19 tweets are either from known, reputable domains (60%), or domains with unknown quality (38.9%). URLs from domains that publish fake news only comprise 1.1% of the URLs from COVID-19 tweets. However, this is likely an underestimate because if we include web domains rated as “orange” in our fake news classification system, the percentage of shared fake news URLs increases to 1.8%.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://osf.io/vzb9t/" target="_blank">The COVID States Project #18: Fake news on Twitter</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>The COVID States Project #10: The pandemic and the protests</strong> -
<div>
A multi-wave 50-state COVID-19 survey: https://covidstates.org/ From: The COVID-19 Consortium for Understanding the Public’s Policy Preferences Across States. A joint project of: Northeastern University, Harvard University, Rutgers University, and Northwestern University.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://osf.io/qw43g/" target="_blank">The COVID States Project #10: The pandemic and the protests</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>The COVID States Project #20: Public opinion around federal and state reactions to COVID-19</strong> -
<div>
In every month, April through October of 2020, we surveyed individuals in every state about how federal and state governments are reacting to the pandemic. We found a remarkably consistent picture of public opinion: respondents prefer state governments over the federal government when it comes to COVID-19. Out of 8 waves in 50 states &amp; DC − a total of 408 surveys at the state level − in 402 state-level surveys more people in the state felt the state government was reacting “about right” to the COVID-19 outbreak as compared to the federal government; and only 6 times did people in a state choose the federal government over their state government.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://osf.io/gz29a/" target="_blank">The COVID States Project #20: Public opinion around federal and state reactions to COVID-19</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>The COVID States Project #22: Executive approval update</strong> -
<div>
Despite the headwinds confronting the country in facing COVID-19, approval of most governors’ and President Trump’s COVID-19 response did not change greatly between September and October in our survey. President Trump’s approval has ticked up a point to 35%, which is still problematically low approval for the most salient issue in the 2020 election by far (in 49 out of 50 states, Alaska being the one exception, COVID-19 is ranked as ”the most important problem”). More generally, after suffering a decline in the spring, the President’s approval rating has been flatline around his October rating of 35%. (For all approval ratings for the President and all of the governors, see the tables in the appendix.) To compare, governors, as a group, have seen a gradual decline in their approval ratings between late April and September; a 1 point increase from September (47%) to October (48%) marks the first time they have improved, or even held steady since our initial survey wave. Despite this, approval of governors is generally higher than that of the President. In 42 states, the governor has a higher approval level than the President, and in 2 states the levels are the same; in 6 states, the President has a higher approval level, but in no state does the approval of the President exceed that of the governor by more than the margin of error for the survey in that state.1 Per-state approval of the President roughly tracks partisanship of the state, and the only state where his approval is above 50% is Alabama. In most of the 10 swing states, the President hovers around 35%, from a low of 29% in New Hampshire to a high of 42% in Ohio. Alaska and Iowa stand out as states that he won handily in 2016, but now finds very low approval – 34% and 32%, respectively. Other states he won in 2016 and now lingers at the national average or below are Michigan and Wisconsin. Pennsylvania –perhaps the most pivotal state in the 2020 election – runs against the trend somewhat, showing approval ratings below the national level in April, and now several points above (at 38%).
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://osf.io/z3652/" target="_blank">The COVID States Project #22: Executive approval update</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>The COVID States Project #9: Will Americans vaccinate themselves and their children against COVID-19</strong> -
<div>
At least 5 companies have launched Phase III clinical trials of COVID-19 vaccines, the final step before seeking approval from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). According to NIAID director Anthony Fauci, vaccines may be widely available in the U.S. by spring 2021 if these trials are successful. But should these vaccines become available, will Americans accept them? Between July 10 and July 26, we surveyed 19,058 adults in all 50 U.S. states and the District of Columbia. We asked about the likelihood that they would seek vaccination for themselves, and for their children. We also asked about the factors that would influence their decision making. We find that, overall, 66% of adults would be somewhat or extremely likely to vaccinate themselves; 66% would be somewhat or extremely likely to vaccinate their children. These rates vary markedly between states, as shown on the figure below.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://osf.io/wzgck/" target="_blank">The COVID States Project #9: Will Americans vaccinate themselves and their children against COVID-19</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>The COVID States Project #21: Most important problems facing the nation today</strong> -
<div>
Which issues are, or will be, on voters’ minds as they enter the voting booth on or before November 3rd? Candidates Trump and Biden have stressed quite distinct issues throughout the campaign. The Democrat, Joe Biden, has sought to maintain a focus on the President’s handling of the COVID-19 pandemic, claiming that Donald Trump is undermining Americans’ healthcare with his COVID-19 response. He also has accentuated Trump’s efforts to revoke the Affordable Care Act, and the issue of systemic racism. President Trump, the Republican, has emphasized starkly different issues, particularly law and order and the economy, while seeking to avoid focus on the COVID-19 pandemic. But to what extent are the campaigns succeeding in framing the election according to their preferred emphases? In this report, we present results from our September and October survey waves in which we asked respondents to name the most important problems (MIPs) facing the nation. We investigate overall responses, as well as differences across individual states and demographic subgroups.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://osf.io/q3av7/" target="_blank">The COVID States Project #21: Most important problems facing the nation today</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>The COVID States Project #3: Vote by mail</strong> -
<div>
THE STATE OF THE NATION: A 50-STATE COVID-19 SURVEY Report #3 VOTE BY MAIL https://covidstates.org/ From: The COVID-19 Consortium for Understanding the Public’s Policy Preferences Across States From May 2 to 15 we conducted a large, 50 state survey, results of which are available at www.covidstates.org. As part of the survey, we asked respondents about their attitudes regarding voting by mail (VBM). This report focuses on those questions, both nationally and across individual states.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://osf.io/ua2d8/" target="_blank">The COVID States Project #3: Vote by mail</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>The COVID States Project #24: The trajectory of health-related behaviors in Massachusetts</strong> -
<div>
This report summarizes the trajectory of individual behaviors in Massachusetts related to the spread of COVID-19 - that is, the way individual behavior has changed over the past 7 months in the Commonwealth. These summaries are based on a large-scale survey that our team has regularly conducted in all 50 states since April of this year.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://osf.io/kchn8/" target="_blank">The COVID States Project #24: The trajectory of health-related behaviors in Massachusetts</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>The COVID States Project #8: Failing the test</strong> -
<div>
Rapid turnaround of testing for COVID-19 infection is essential to containing the pandemic. Ideally, test results would be available the same day. Our findings indicate that the United States is not currently performing testing with nearly enough speed. In our large (19,058 respondents) national survey, conducted between July 10 and 26, we asked whether respondents had been tested for COVID-19 and how long they had waited to get results. Our finding: 37% of those who had been tested by nasal swab received results within 2 days, and the average wait time was 4.1 days; with 31% of tests taking more than 4 days, and 10% 10 days or more. Further, there are few signs that turnaround times are diminishing. For individuals who responded that their last test had been in April, they had waited on average 4.2 days to get results; and for individuals tested in July, 4.1 days.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://osf.io/gj9x8/" target="_blank">The COVID States Project #8: Failing the test</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>The COVID States Project #5: Approval of executive performance during COVID-19</strong> -
<div>
The initial response to a crisis typically depends on the executive branch of government, because they may act more rapidly than legislative and judicial branches. For COVID-19 in particular, the focal decision-makers have been the president and the governors of the 50 states. In the eyes of the public, how have the president and governors responded? We surveyed 22,501 individuals across all 50 states plus the District of Columbia. The survey was conducted on 12-28 June 2020 by PureSpectrum via an online, nonprobability sample, with state-level representative quotas for race/ethnicity, age, and gender (for methodological details on the other waves, see covidstates.org). In addition to balancing on these dimensions, we reweighted our data using demographic characteristics to match the U.S. population with respect to race/ethnicity, age, gender, and education. This was the fifth in a series of surveys we have been conducting since April 2020, examining attitudes and behaviors regarding COVID-19 in the United States.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://osf.io/pd39k/" target="_blank">The COVID States Project #5: Approval of executive performance during COVID-19</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>The COVID States Project #2: A 50-state COVID-19 Survey Report</strong> -
<div>
THE STATE OF THE NATION: A 50-STATE COVID-19 SURVEY Report #2 https://covidstates.org/ From: The COVID-19 Consortium for Understanding the Public’s Policy Preferences Across States From May 2 to 15 we conducted a large, 50 state survey, the results of which are presented in this report. This is the second report published by the consortium. You can find the first report online at www.covidstates.org.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://osf.io/j4kzb/" target="_blank">The COVID States Project #2: A 50-state COVID-19 Survey Report</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>The COVID States Project #4: A 50-state COVID-19 Survey Report</strong> -
<div>
THE STATE OF THE NATION: A 50-STATE COVID-19 SURVEY Report #4 https://covidstates.org/ From: The COVID-19 Consortium for Understanding the Public’s Policy Preferences Across States From May 2 to 15 we conducted a large, 50 state survey, results of which are available at www.covidstates.org. As part of the survey, we asked respondents about their attitudes regarding voting by mail (VBM). This report focuses on those questions, both nationally and across individual states.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://osf.io/buvc6/" target="_blank">The COVID States Project #4: A 50-state COVID-19 Survey Report</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>The COVID States Project #1: A 50-state COVID-19 Survey Report</strong> -
<div>
THE STATE OF THE NATION: A 50-STATE COVID-19 SURVEY Report #1 https://covidstates.org/ From: The COVID-19 Consortium for Understanding the Public’s Policy Preferences Across States From April 17 to 26 we conducted a large, 50 state survey, the results of which are presented in this report. The first section of the report looks at the nation as a whole while the second section focuses on individual states and comparisons across states.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://osf.io/arwh3/" target="_blank">The COVID States Project #1: A 50-state COVID-19 Survey Report</a>
</div></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-clinical-trials">From Clinical Trials</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Study to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of a Single Dose of STI-2020 (COVI-AMG™) to Treat COVID-19</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   Covid19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Biological: COVI-AMG;   Drug: Placebo<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Sorrento Therapeutics, Inc.<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Study to Evaluate a Single Dose of STI-2020 (COVI-AMG™) in Adults With Mild COVID-19 Symptoms</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   Covid19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Biological: COVI-AMG;   Drug: Placebo<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Sorrento Therapeutics, Inc.<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Telerehabilitation in Covid-19 After Hospital Discharge</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   Covid19<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Other: Telerehabilitation intervention<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Universidad de Granada<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>TOCILIZUMAB - An Option for Patients With COVID-19 Associated Cytokine Release Syndrome; A Single Center Experience</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   Covid19<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Drug: Tocilizumab<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   FMH College of Medicine and Dentistry<br/><b>Completed</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Convalescent Plasma in the Treatment of Covid-19</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   Covid19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Biological: Convalescent plasma from COVID-19 donors;   Biological: Placebo<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   Helsinki University Central Hospital;   Finnish Red Cross<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of VB-201 in Patients With COVID-19</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   Severe COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Drug: VB-201 + Standard of care;   Drug: Standard of care<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Vascular Biogenics Ltd. operating as VBL Therapeutics<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>An Outpatient Clinical Trial Using Ivermectin and Doxycycline in COVID-19 Positive Patients at High Risk to Prevent COVID-19 Related Hospitalization</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   Covid19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Drug: Ivermectin Tablets;   Drug: Doxycycline Tablets;   Drug: Placebo<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Max Health, Subsero Health<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>CPI-006 Plus Standard of Care Versus Placebo Plus Standard of Care in Mild to Moderately Symptomatic Hospitalized Covid-19 Patients</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   Covid-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Drug: CPI-006 2 mg/kg + SOC;   Drug: CPI-006 1 mg/kg + SOC;   Drug: Placebo + SOC<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Corvus Pharmaceuticals, Inc.<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Effectiveness of Ivermectin in SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 Patients</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   Covid19<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Drug: Ivermectin<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   FMH College of Medicine and Dentistry<br/><b>Completed</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Study to Assess Efficacy and Safety of Inhaled Interferon-β Therapy for COVID-19</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>:   Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2;   COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Drug: SNG001;   Drug: Placebo<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Synairgen Research Ltd.<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>COVID-19 and Pregnancy: Placental and Immunological Impacts</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   Covid19<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Other: Specimens specific for the study<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Hopital Foch<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>AGILE (Early Phase Platform Trial for COVID-19)</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   Covid19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Drug: CST-2: EIDD-2801;   Drug: CST-2: Placebo<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   University of Liverpool;   University of Southampton;   Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine;   Lancaster University;   Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Prothione™ Capsules for Mild to Moderate Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Drug: Placebo;   Drug: Prothione™ (6g)<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Prothione, LLC<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Ivermectin Role in Covid-19 Clinical Trial</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   Covid19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Drug: ivermectin;   Drug: hydroxychloroquine;   Drug: Placebo<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   Elaraby Hospital;   Shebin-Elkom Teaching Hospital<br/><b>Completed</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Safety, Tolerability and Efficacy Of S-1226 in Moderate Severity Covid-19 Bronchiolitis/Pneumonia</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>:   Covid19;   SARS-CoV-2 Infection<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Drug: S-1226<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   SolAeroMed Inc.<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-pubmed">From PubMed</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>SARS-CoV-2 infection is effectively treated and prevented by EIDD-2801</strong> - All known recently emerged human coronaviruses probably originated in bats¹. Here we used a single experimental platform based on human lung-only mice (LoM) to demonstrate efficient in vivo replication of all recently emerged human coronaviruses (SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2) and two highly relevant endogenous pre-pandemic SARS-like bat coronaviruses. Virus replication in this model occurs in bona fide human lung tissue and does not require any type of adaptation of the virus or the host….</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Carrageenan containing over-the-counter nasal and oral sprays inhibit SARS-CoV-2 infection of airway epithelial cultures</strong> - Pharmaceutical interventions are urgently needed to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection and transmission. As SARS-CoV-2 infects and spreads via the nasopharyngeal airways, we analyzed the antiviral effect of selected nasal and oral sprays on virus infection in vitro. Two nose sprays showed virucidal activity but were cytotoxic precluding further analysis in cell culture. One nasal and one mouth spray suppressed SARS-CoV-2 infection of TMPRSS2-Vero E6 cells and primary differentiated human airway…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Aptamer Blocking Strategy Inhibits SARS-CoV-2 Virus Infection</strong> - The COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 is threating global health. Inhibiting interaction of the receptor-binding domain of SARS-CoV-2 S protein (S RBD) and human ACE2 receptor is a promising treatment strategy. However, SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies are compromised by their risk of antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) and unfavorably large size for intranasal delivery. To avoid the limitations of neutralizing antibodies, we proposed and demonstrated an aptamer blocking strategy by…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>The in vitro antiviral activity of lactoferrin against common human coronaviruses and SARS-CoV-2 is mediated by targeting the heparan sulfate co-receptor</strong> - Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an ongoing pandemic that lacks effective therapeutic interventions. SARS-CoV-2 infects ACE2-expressing cells and gains cell entry through either direct plasma membrane fusion or endocytosis. Recent studies have shown that in addition to ACE2, heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) also play an important role in SARS-CoV-2 cell attachment by serving as an attachment factor. Binding of viral spike protein to HSPGs leads to the enrichment of local concentration…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Differentially conserved amino acid positions may reflect differences in SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV behaviour</strong> - MOTIVATION: SARS-CoV-2 is a novel coronavirus currently causing a pandemic. Here, we performed a combined in-silico and cell culture comparison of SARS-CoV-2 and the closely related SARS-CoV.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Photo-catalyzed TiO(2) inactivates pathogenic viruses by attacking viral genome</strong> - Previous observations have been reported that viruses were inactivated using strong irradiation. Here, some new evidence was disclosed by studying the effects of nanosized TiO(2) on viral pathogens under a low irradiation condition (0.4 mW/cm² at UVA band) that mimics the field setting. We showed that photo-activated TiO(2) efficiently inhibits hepatitis C virus infection, and week indoor light with intensity of 0.6 mW/cm² at broad-spectrum wavelength and around 0.15 mW/cm² of UVA band also lead…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Distinct mechanisms for TMPRSS2 expression explain organ-specific inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 infection by enzalutamide</strong> - The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has rapidly become a global public health threat. The efficacy of several repurposed drugs has been evaluated in clinical trials. Among these drugs, a second-generation antiandrogen agent, enzalutamide, was proposed because it reduces the expression of transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2), a key component mediating SARS-CoV-2-driven entry, in prostate cancer cells….</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>AT-527, a double prodrug of a guanosine nucleotide analog, is a potent inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 in vitro and a promising oral antiviral for treatment of COVID-19</strong> - The impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of COVID-19, is global and unprecedented. Although remdesivir has recently been approved by the FDA to treat SARS-CoV-2 infection, no oral antiviral is available for outpatient treatment. AT-527, an orally administered double prodrug of a guanosine nucleotide analog, was previously shown to be highly efficacious and well tolerated in HCV-infected subjects. Here, we report the potent in vitro activity…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of hydroxychloroquine in hospitalized patients with COVID-19</strong> - CONCLUSION: The interindividual variability of HCQ pharmacokinetic parameters in severe COVID-19 patients was important and differed from that previously reported in non-COVID-19 patients. Loading doses of 1600mg HCQ followed by 600mg daily doses are needed to reach concentrations relevant to SARS-CoV-2 inhibition within 72hours in≥60% (95% confidence interval: 49.5-69.0%) of COVID-19 patients.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Weathering the COVID-19 storm: Lessons from hematologic cytokine syndromes</strong> - A subset of patients with severe COVID-19 develop profound inflammation and multi-organ dysfunction consistent with a “Cytokine Storm Syndrome” (CSS). In this review we compare the clinical features, diagnosis, and pathogenesis of COVID-CSS with other hematological CSS, namely secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (sHLH), idiopathic multicentric Castleman disease (iMCD), and CAR-T cell therapy associated Cytokine Release Syndrome (CRS). Novel therapeutics targeting cytokines or inhibiting…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Biologic Drugs for Rheumatoid Arthritis in the Context of Biosimilars, Genetics, Epigenetics and COVID-19 Treatment</strong> - Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) affects around 1.2% of the adult population. RA is one of the main reasons for work disability and premature retirement, thus substantially increasing social and economic burden. Biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (bDMARDs) were shown to be an effective therapy especially in those rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients, who did not adequately respond to conventional synthetic DMARD therapy. However, despite the proven efficacy, the high cost of the therapy…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>An update review of emerging small-molecule therapeutic options for COVID-19</strong> - The SARS-CoV-2 outbreak and pandemic that began near the end of 2019 has posed a challenge to global health. At present, many candidate small-molecule therapeutics have been developed that can inhibit both the infection and replication of SARS-CoV-2 and even potentially relieve cytokine storms and other related complications. Meanwhile, host-targeted drugs that inhibit cellular transmembrane serine protease (TMPRSS2) can prevent SARS-CoV-2 from entering cells, and its combination with…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Interaction of small molecules with the SARS-CoV-2 papain-like protease: In silico studies and in vitro validation of protease activity inhibition using an enzymatic inhibition assay</strong> - The SARS-CoV-2 virus is causing COVID-19, an ongoing pandemic, with extraordinary global health, social, and political implications. Currently, extensive research and development efforts are aimed at producing a safe and effective vaccine. In the interim, small molecules are being widely investigated for antiviral effects. With respect to viral replication, the papain-like (PL^(pro)) and main proteases (M^(pro)), are critical for processing viral replicase polypeptides. Further, the PL^(pro)…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>SARS-CoV-2 mutation 614G creates an elastase cleavage site enhancing its spread in high AAT-deficient regions</strong> - SARS-CoV-2 was first reported from China. Within three months, it evolved to 10 additional subtypes. Two evolved subtypes (A2 and A2a) carry a non-synonymous Spike protein mutation (D614G). We conducted phylodynamic analysis of over 70,000 SARS-CoV-2 coronaviruses worldwide, sequenced until July2020, and found that the mutant subtype (614G) outcompeted the pre-existing type (614D), significantly faster in Europe and North-America than in East Asia. Bioinformatically and computationally, we…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Mechanistic insight into anti-COVID-19 drugs: recent trends and advancements</strong> - The Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) has been established now to be a deadly disease afflicting the whole world with worst consequences on healthcare, economy and day-to-day life activities. Being a communicable disease, which is highly pathogenic in humans, causing cough, throat infection, breathing problems, high fever, muscle pain, and may lead to death in some cases especially those having other comorbid conditions such as heart or kidney problems, and diabetes….</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-patent-search">From Patent Search</h1>
<ul>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>SARS-CoV-2 antibodies</strong> - - <a href="https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=AU315792577">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>SARS-CoV-2 antibodies</strong> - - <a href="https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=AU315792579">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITION OF NITAZOXANIDE AND MEFLOQUINE AND METHOD THEREOF</strong> - A pharmaceutical composition for treating Covid-19 virus comprising a therapeutically effective amount of a nitazoxanide or its pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof and an mefloquine or its pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof is disclosed. The pharmaceutical composition comprises the nitazoxanide in the ratio of 0.05% to 66% w/v and the mefloquine in the ratio of 0.05% to 90% w/v. The composition is found to be effective for the treatment of COVID -19 (SARS-CoV2). The pharmaceutical composition of nitazoxanide and mefloquine has been found to be effective and is unexpectedly well tolerated with a low rate of side-effects, and equally high cure-rates than in comparable treatments. - <a href="https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=IN316412781">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>TREATMENT OF COVID-19 WITH REBAMIPIDE</strong> - - <a href="https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=AU315792482">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR ACQUIRING POWER CONSUMPTION IMPACT BASED ON IMPACT OF COVID-19 EPIDEMIC</strong> - - <a href="https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=AU314745621">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>一种新冠肺炎CT检测识别定位系统及计算设备</strong> - 本发明涉及图像处理领域，公开了一种新冠肺炎CT检测识别定位系统及计算设备，包括图像采集单元、模块建立单元、新冠肺炎病灶识别单元和新冠肺炎病灶定位单元；图像采集单元采集待识别检测新冠肺炎的CT图像、新冠肺炎CT影像病灶分割训练数据集和新冠CT图像识别训练集；模块建立单元建立U_Net卷积神经网络模型、加入注意力机制的InceptionV3网络和目标检测模型；新冠肺炎病灶识别单元对已分割出病灶的轮廓特征图像进行识别；新冠肺炎病灶定位单元确定病灶在人体肺部的位置。本发明利用U_Net卷积神经网络模型对新冠病灶检测分割，并通过加入注意力机制的网络进行新冠肺炎识别，通过目标检测模型定位病灶在肺部的位置，识别准确率高，计算速度快。 - <a href="https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=CN317076812">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>一种基于磁微粒化学发光的新型冠状病毒抗体检测试剂盒</strong> - 本发明提供一种基于磁微粒化学发光的新型冠状病毒抗体检测试剂盒。所述检测试剂盒包括：链霉亲和素磁微粒、生物素标记的新型冠状病毒抗原、吖啶磺酰胺标记的二抗、样本稀释液和质控品；所述生物素标记的新型冠状病毒抗原包括重组核衣壳蛋白和重组棘突蛋白S1。将待检样本、生物素标记抗原与链霉亲和素磁微粒混合，孵育和洗涤，再加入吖啶磺酰胺标记的抗体，形成磁微粒‑链霉亲和素‑生物素‑抗原‑新型冠状病毒抗体‑二抗复合物，进而检测发光强度实现对待测样品的定性。 - <a href="https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=CN317076655">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITION OF ARTESUNATE AND MEFLOQUINE AND METHOD THEREOF</strong> - A pharmaceutical composition for treating Covid-19 virus comprising a therapeutically effective amount of an artesunate or its pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof and a mefloquine or its pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof is disclosed. The pharmaceutical composition comprises the artesunate in the ratio of 0.25% to 66% w/v and mefloquine in the ratio of 0.25% to 90% w/v. The composition is found to be effective for the treatment of COVID -19 (SARS-CoV2). The pharmaceutical composition of Artesunate and Mefloquine has been found to be effective and is unexpectedly well tolerated with a low rate of side-effects, and equally high cure-rates than in comparable treatments. The present invention also discloses a method to preparing the pharmaceutical composition comprising of Artesunate and Mefloquine. - <a href="https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=IN315303355">link</a></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Zahnbürstenaufsatz, elektrische Versorgungseinheit einer elektrischen Zahnbürste, elektrische Zahnbürste mit einem Zahnbürstenaufsatz, Zahnbürste sowie Testaufsatz für eine elektrische Zahnbürste</strong> -
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
</p><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">Zahnbürstenaufsatz für eine elektrische Zahnbürste (20) umfassend einen Koppelabschnitt (2), über den der Zahnbürstenaufsatz (1) mit einer elektrischen Versorgungseinheit (10) der elektrischen Zahnbürste (20) verbindbar ist und einen Bürstenabschnitt (3), der zur Reinigung der Zähne ausgebildete Reinigungsmittel (3.1) aufweist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass an dem Zahnbürstenaufsatz (1) eine Sensoreinheit (4) vorgesehen ist, die dazu ausgebildet ist, selektiv das Vorhandensein eines Virus oder eines Antigen im Speichel eines Nutzers des Zahnbürstenaufsatzes (1) durch Messen zumindest eines virusspezifischen Parameters zu bestimmen.</p></li>
</ul>
<img alt="embedded image" id="EMI-D00000"/>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"></p>
<ul>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><a href="https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=DE315274678">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>一种医用可佩戴式防护口鼻的微型气幕系统</strong> - 本发明公开了一种医用可佩戴式防护口鼻的微型气幕系统，包括框柱，框柱一侧开凿有气幕送风口和呼吸用送风口，气幕送风口和呼吸用送风口内分别连接有软管一和软管二，框柱内开凿有水平条缝和垂直条缝，水平条缝与垂直条缝均与气幕送风口相连通，框柱靠近水平条缝的一侧贯穿开凿有出风口，出风口内设有滤网，出风口贯穿框柱的一端连接有高效过滤器，滤网与高效过滤器之间连接有吸气泵，框柱靠近出风口的一侧连接有电池和开关。本发明通过提出一种在口腔处应用洁净空气幕阻挡气溶胶传播的可佩戴装置，可以在口腔类相关诊疗过程，保护医生和周围人的健康，避免引起可能引发的呼吸道疾病交叉感染。 - <a href="https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=CN316342421">link</a></p></li>
</ul>
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<h1 data-aos="fade-down" id="daily-dose">Daily-Dose</h1>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" data-aos-anchor-placement="top-bottom" id="contents">Contents</h1>
<ul>
<li><a href="#from-new-yorker">From New Yorker</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-vox">From Vox</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-the-hindu-sports">From The Hindu: Sports</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-the-hindu-national-news">From The Hindu: National News</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-bbc-europe">From BBC: Europe</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-ars-technica">From Ars Technica</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-jokes-subreddit">From Jokes Subreddit</a></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-new-yorker">From New Yorker</h1>
<ul>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>The Risks of Trump’s Impeachment Trial</strong> - Given the importance of condemning Trump’s destructive actions, the message sent by an acquittal may be worse than no trial. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/our-columnists/the-risks-of-trumps-impeachment-trial">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>The Indoor-Dining Debate Isn’t a Debate at All</strong> - On Valentine’s Day, New Yorkers will be allowed to eat inside restaurants again. We shouldn’t. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/culture/annals-of-gastronomy/the-indoor-dining-debate-isnt-a-debate-at-all">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Can a Country Control the Virus and Host a Grand Slam? Australia Is Trying</strong> - In light of Melbourne’s long stretch of stringent lockdown measures, Australia’s decision to allow more than a thousand people into the country for a tennis tournament has been controversial. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/sports/sporting-scene/can-a-country-control-the-virus-and-host-a-grand-slam-australia-is-trying">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>What’s at Stake in the Fight Over Reopening Schools</strong> - From housing to health care, low-income people and others ravaged by debt and inequality are beginning to demand a better life subsidized by public money. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/our-columnists/whats-at-stake-in-the-fight-over-reopening-schools">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Trump’s Impeachment Trial Offers a Chance to Seize the Initiative on the Future of Free Speech</strong> - Trump should be convicted, and the First Amendment should be protected in the process. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/daily-comment/trumps-impeachment-trial-offers-a-chance-to-seize-the-initiative-on-the-future-of-free-speech">link</a></p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-vox">From Vox</h1>
<ul>
<li><strong>The 6 Senate Republicans to watch on impeachment</strong> -
<figure>
<img alt="" src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/Kn8Jm_ecLs_CH8XRzUKhscBVOwY=/0x0:3779x2834/1310x983/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_image/image/68792184/1219081977.0.jpg"/>
<figcaption>
Sens. Susan Collins and Mitt Romney attend hearings on the CARES Act on Capitol Hill in June. | Kevin Dietsch/Getty Images
</figcaption>
</figure>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
These are the GOP lawmakers seen as most likely to vote for Trump’s conviction.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="tyE5hY">
When it comes to this week’s impeachment trial, <a href="https://www.vox.com/22230831/senate-republicans-trump-impeachment-trial">the Senate Republican conference</a> is poised to stay pretty united, barring a handful of exceptions. Most Republicans, after all, have signaled that they won’t vote to convict former President Donald Trump, while only a few have indicated an openness to considering it.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="DxBZjr">
<a href="https://www.vox.com/2021/1/26/22250914/rand-paul-impeachment-vote">During a vote on the constitutionality of the proceedings</a> a few weeks ago, five Republican senators joined Democrats to affirm that they believed the trial should be allowed to move forward. Those lawmakers — Sens. Mitt Romney (R-UT), Susan Collins (R-ME), Lisa Murkowski (R-AK), Pat Toomey (R-PA), and Ben Sasse (R-NE) — are seen as the most likely to potentially support conviction. Sen. Bill Cassidy (R-LA) joined them in another vote on the constitutionality question at the start of the trial Tuesday, <a href="https://twitter.com/burgessev/status/1359268979236352001">saying afterward he was unimpressed by the Trump team’s arguments</a>.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="UuTxNa">
The bulk of the party, however, is either maintaining that the trial itself is unconstitutional (<a href="https://www.vox.com/22242411/trump-impeachment-constitution-senate-trial-conviction-disqualify-william-belknap">a position most legal scholars disagree with</a>) or arguing that Trump’s actions are not enough to merit impeachment. “I think I’m ready to move on. I’m ready to end the impeachment trial, because I think it’s blatantly unconstitutional,” Sen. Lindsey Graham (R-SC) said <a href="https://www.huffpost.com/entry/lindsey-graham-dismisses-impeachment_n_60205131c5b689330e305384">during a recent interview on CBS</a>.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="D0f4Cr">
Unlike Graham, some of the 44 Senate Republicans who voted to dismiss the trial on constitutional grounds have indicated that they intend to hear out the evidence before making a final decision. Even so, it’s unlikely that 17 Republicans will be convinced to vote with Democrats, the number needed to hit the 67-member threshold required for Trump’s conviction.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="7HNNyX">
“The outcome is really not in doubt,” Graham noted.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="cZpQ67">
Despite this, House impeachment managers hope to sway at least some Republicans, and intend to use a combination of video and social media evidence to demonstrate how Trump incited the insurrection at the Capitol on January 6, an attack during which five people died. The final votes on conviction will reveal not only how much Republicans are convinced by this argument but also how willing they are to publicly distance themselves from Trump.
</p>
<h3 id="vnEhsj">
The Republicans most likely to vote for conviction
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="AsdAM9">
The Republicans most likely to support conviction are the six who voted in favor of the trial’s constitutionality, including a few lawmakers who initially called on Trump to resign after January 6. Their willingness to voice criticism of Trump suggests that they may be open to using the trial to publicly confront him, though their final votes on the matter are still up in the air. A few of these senators are also viewed as more moderate members, and Toomey is among the lawmakers who will be retiring after this term.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="NXvo9v">
During Trump’s first impeachment trial, Romney <a href="https://www.vox.com/2020/2/5/21124200/mitt-romney-trump-impeachment-vote-convict">was the only Republican to vote for Trump’s conviction</a>, becoming the first person in history to <a href="https://www.vox.com/2020/2/5/21125118/mitt-romney-impeachment-vote-history">vote to impeach a president of their own party</a>. This time around, it’s possible he could do the same — and be joined by a few others.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="gGaZ1K">
Thus far, all six senators have been careful not to suggest which way they might ultimately vote, arguing that they will need to see what sort of cases the managers — and Trump’s defense team — make. Here’s what these lawmakers have said so far:
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="l9NfTB">
<strong>Sen. Mitt Romney: </strong>“I’ll of course hear what the lawyers have to say for each side. But I think it’s pretty clear that the effort is constitutional,” <a href="https://www.cnn.com/2021/01/24/politics/mitt-romney-trump-impeachment-cnntv/index.html">Romney told CNN</a>.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="52izPa">
<strong>Sen. Lisa Murkowski: </strong>“The House has responded swiftly, and I believe, appropriately, with impeachment,” <a href="https://www.murkowski.senate.gov/press/release/murkowski-statement-on-house-passing-an-article-of-impeachment-against-president-trump">Murkowski said in a statement</a>. “I will listen carefully and consider the arguments of both sides, and will then announce how I will vote.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="4nS7YO">
<strong>Sen. Susan Collins: </strong>“I’ve not made a decision yet, I don’t pre-judge the evidence at the trial,” <a href="https://www.necn.com/news/politics/sen-collins-talks-move-to-censure-trump-impeachment-trial-close-ties-with-biden/2394334/">Collins told NECN</a>.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Chz4zk">
<strong>Sen. Pat Toomey: </strong>“I still think the best outcome would have been for the president to resign,” <a href="https://www.necn.com/news/politics/sen-collins-talks-move-to-censure-trump-impeachment-trial-close-ties-with-biden/2394334/">Toomey told CNN</a>. “I’m going to listen to the arguments on both sides and make the decision that I think is right.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="tSrtf3">
<strong>Sen. Ben Sasse: </strong>“As a juror, I’m not announcing anything now and I’m going to be limited on what I say in advance, but let’s get one thing absolutely straight: Everything that we’re dealing with here — the riot, the loss of life, the impeachment, and now the fact that the US Capitol has been turned into a barracks for federal troops for the first time since the Civil War — is the result of a particular lie,” <a href="https://nebraska.tv/news/local/ben-sasse-issues-statement-on-impeachment-of-trump-01-14-2021">Sasse said in a statement</a>.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="DZEL0m">
<strong>Sen. Bill Cassidy:</strong> “The House managers were focused, they were organized … they made a compelling argument. President Trump’s team, they were disorganized, they did everything they could but to talk about the question at hand,” <a href="https://twitter.com/burgessev/status/1359268979236352001">Cassidy told reporters</a> after the first day of the trial. Notably, he had voted against the trial’s constitutionality before and was the only Senator to change his position on Tuesday.
</p>
<h3 id="8GHf9c">
The Republicans who are less likely to vote for conviction — but could
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="QZLNeg">
<a href="https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2021/01/25/us/politics/senate-impeachment-whip-count.html">According to the New York Times</a>, there are about eight other Republicans who have yet to reveal how they’ll vote. All of them have previously supported dismissing the trial. These lawmakers could still be open to conviction, but they’re seen as less likely to vote for it given their backing for ending the trial itself.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="8C3rCp">
These eight lawmakers are Sens. Rob Portman (R-OH), Mitch McConnell (R-KY), Richard Shelby (R-AL), Todd Young (R-IN), Mike Crapo (R-ID), Jim Risch (R-ID), Dan Sullivan (R-AK), and Deb Fischer (R-NE). Several of them have also indicated that they will weigh the evidence before issuing a final position, and some have previously questioned claims of election fraud, though it’s not clear that they’re willing to hold Trump accountable for them.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="ZTmHXe">
McConnell, for example, had previously told sources close to him that he believed what Trump had done to incite the insurrection was an impeachable offense, <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/12/us/politics/mcconnell-backs-trump-impeachment.html">according to the Times</a>. He hasn’t signaled how he’ll vote since, however, and was among the Republicans who voted to say the trial was unconstitutional.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="QTiVYO">
“The trial hasn’t started yet. And I intend to participate in that and listen to the evidence,” McConnell <a href="https://www.seattletimes.com/nation-world/mcconnell-says-he-intends-to-listen-to-the-evidence-despite-voting-against-trial/">recently told reporters</a>.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Uu7rz9">
<a href="https://nymag.com/intelligencer/2021/01/mitch-mcconnell-reportedly-open-to-impeaching-trump.html">McConnell is reportedly not whipping votes</a> — or pressuring his members — to vote against conviction.
</p>
<h3 id="3KZTtU">
The Republicans who are against the trial entirely
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="uKiacT">
The majority of Republicans — roughly 36 — appear to have already decided how they’ll be voting: Many take issue with the trial’s constitutionality, while others say that Trump’s actions are not impeachable.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="1nJCrl">
Because Trump is already out of office, Republicans have raised concerns about the Senate’s ability to convict a former president — and are sticking by this argument to support acquittal. <a href="https://www.vox.com/2021/1/6/22213122/senate-republicans-trump-election-vote">As experts have previously told Vox</a>, many Republican lawmakers are still wary of antagonizing Trump’s supporters and threatening their own electoral prospects as a result.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Tjz3IA">
“The Senate lacks constitutional authority to conduct impeachment proceedings against a former president,” Sen. Tom Cotton (R-AR) <a href="https://www.cotton.senate.gov/news/press-releases/cotton-statement-on-senate-impeachment-proceedings">previously said in a statement</a>. “The Founders designed the impeachment process as a way to remove officeholders from public office — not an inquest against private citizens.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="YfmhYd">
<a href="https://www.vox.com/22242411/trump-impeachment-constitution-senate-trial-conviction-disqualify-william-belknap">As Vox’s Ian Millhiser has explained</a>, most legal scholars believe the trial is constitutional, though the precedent for it is hazy: In 1876, the majority of the Senate opted to move forward with a trial for Secretary of War William Belknap even though he’d already resigned — but he was not convicted, and many who declined to vote against him cited questions about constitutionality.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="6WRoLL">
Beyond this issue of constitutionality, some lawmakers, like Sen. Ron Johnson (R-WI), have also questioned the degree of responsibility Trump should take for the January 6 attack, as <a href="https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2021/2/7/22271351/senate-impeachment-republicans-ron-johnson">Zeeshan Aleem writes for Vox</a>. Others have claimed that Trump’s months of lies about election fraud, and his speech urging supporters to march to the Capitol, do not make him culpable for the storming that took place. (Countering this argument, however, is that several of Trump’s supporters have pointed to his rhetoric as the reason they came to Washington, DC and participated in the insurrection.)
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="wrkTAb">
Democrats, meanwhile, have emphasized that the push for impeachment is about making sure the president is held accountable for his role. They’ve noted, too, that they would pursue a vote to bar him from federal office if he was convicted by the necessary 67 members of the Senate.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="9sOgEF">
“Senators will have to look deep into their consciences and determine if Donald Trump is guilty, and if so, ever qualified again to enjoy any office of honor, trust, or profit under the United States,” Senate Majority Leader Chuck Schumer has said.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="H9nMxL">
</p>
<h3 id="RDR7Gr">
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="iY9ZIr">
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="FcZ6hY">
</p></li>
<li><strong>Even right-wing pundits had no clue what Bruce Castor was doing during his impeachment trial speech</strong> -
<figure>
<img alt="" src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/fZgF4fD0oh1fLiCr0kpu_tta8BU=/26x0:1067x781/1310x983/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_image/image/68795212/1231066108.0.jpg"/>
<figcaption>
Trump lawyer Bruce Castor speaks on the Senate floor on Tuesday. | Getty Images
</figcaption>
</figure>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
“I have no idea what he is doing,” Alan Dershowitz said.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="qxgx0D">
The House impeachment managers began former President Donald Trump’s second impeachment trial on Tuesday by making <a href="https://twitter.com/atrupar/status/1359214560503336962">legal</a> and <a href="https://www.vox.com/2021/2/9/22274960/jaime-raskin-emotional-impeachment-case">emotional</a> arguments about why Trump must be held to account for his role encouraging a January 6 insurrection aimed at overturning his election loss. One of Trump’s lead lawyers, meanwhile, opened with a presentation that was more akin to an open mic night.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="64ZmNe">
That attorney, Bruce Castor, delivered a rambling defense of Trump that included inscrutable lines like, “<a href="https://twitter.com/atrupar/status/1359240456836628480">Nebraska, you’re going to hear, is quite a judicial thinking place</a>,” and concluded with <a href="https://twitter.com/atrupar/status/1359245250133393408">a dare for the Department of Justice to arrest Trump</a> if it’s really the case that he committed high crimes and misdemeanors.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="hiZ2OF">
At times, his remarks — which began with him buttering up senators as “extraordinary people” — had the flavor of an improv set and <a href="https://twitter.com/AndrewSolender/status/1359251315193479168">it was hard to figure out what point he was trying to make</a>.
</p>
<div id="mEaY5d">
<blockquote class="twitter-tweet">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" dir="ltr" lang="en">
I challenge you to make sense of what Bruce Castor is trying to say here. This is like the worst college lecture of all time. <a href="https://t.co/x7rHNjYByT">pic.twitter.com/x7rHNjYByT</a>
</p>
— Aaron Rupar (<span class="citation" data-cites="atrupar">@atrupar</span>) <a href="https://twitter.com/atrupar/status/1359236217318092805?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">February 9, 2021</a>
</blockquote></div></li>
</ul>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="9OXnji">
There may have been some method to Castor’s seeming madness. Maggie Haberman of the New York Times reported that coming as it did on the heels of Rep. Jamie Raskin’s (D-MD) <a href="https://www.vox.com/2021/2/9/22274960/jamie-raskin-emotional-impeachment-case">heart-wrenching account</a> of how the insurrection impacted his family, Castor’s goal was to lower the temperature in the room.
</p>
<div id="nkbAp7">
<blockquote class="twitter-tweet">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" dir="ltr" lang="en">
FWIW: A Trump adviser tells me Castor is intentionally trying to reduce the emotion in the room after the House managers’ case. Calls it a “deliberative strategy.”
</p>
— Maggie Haberman (<span class="citation" data-cites="maggieNYT">@maggieNYT</span>) <a href="https://twitter.com/maggieNYT/status/1359241490304745475?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">February 9, 2021</a>
</blockquote>
</div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="fIWgmm">
Castor nodded to that strategy at one point, <a href="https://twitter.com/atrupar/status/1359244690592198656">saying</a>, “I’ll be quite frank with you, we changed what we were going to do on account that we thought the House managers’ presentation was well done.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="ehmSjf">
Still, the arguments Castor used toward that end were so convoluted that his performance was panned by Alan Dershowitz, a staunch Trump supporter who was part of Trump’s legal team during his first impeachment trial.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="KXgYG5">
“There is no argument — I have no idea what he is doing,” Dershowitz said during a Newsmax interview that took place while Castor was speaking on the Senate floor.
</p>
<div id="QC01zd">
<blockquote class="twitter-tweet">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" dir="ltr" lang="en">
‘There is no argument - I have no idea what he is doing,’ <a href="https://twitter.com/AlanDersh?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw"><span class="citation" data-cites="AlanDersh">@AlanDersh</span></a> on Trump’s defense lawyer Bruce Castor ‘talking nice’ to U.S. Senators - via Newsmax TV’s ‘American Agenda.’ <a href="https://t.co/VlT7z8drtO">https://t.co/VlT7z8drtO</a> <a href="https://t.co/7P7uVk5X19">pic.twitter.com/7P7uVk5X19</a>
</p>
— Newsmax (<span class="citation" data-cites="newsmax">@newsmax</span>) <a href="https://twitter.com/newsmax/status/1359238590044209157?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">February 9, 2021</a>
</blockquote>
</div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="L0dwyZ">
Other right-wingers also gave Castor a thumbs down. Washington Examiner chief political correspondent Byron York <a href="https://twitter.com/ByronYork/status/1359239489869258752">described</a> his speech on Twitter as “a waste of time,” and conservative pollster Frank Luntz criticized both the optics and substance of the presentation.
</p>
<div id="sL0BD9">
<blockquote class="twitter-tweet">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" dir="ltr" lang="en">
Has anyone told Trump’s lawyer not to wear a black pinstriped suit?<br/><br/>They make viewers think of the Mafia – and what you wear has an impact on what people think.<br/><br/>Then again, judging by his comments, I guess this lawyer doesn’t know what people think.<a href="https://t.co/dNrVpIRZqg">https://t.co/dNrVpIRZqg</a>
</p>
— Frank Luntz (<span class="citation" data-cites="FrankLuntz">@FrankLuntz</span>) <a href="https://twitter.com/FrankLuntz/status/1359236625763430401?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">February 9, 2021</a>
</blockquote>
</div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="EPcBHu">
Unsurprisingly, liberal lawyers like Norm Eisen (who served as a lawyer for Democrats in Trump’s first impeachment) were even more unforgiving.
</p>
<div id="qxC4O3">
<blockquote class="twitter-tweet">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" dir="ltr" lang="en">
That was perhaps the worst argument that I have ever heard from a lawyer.
</p>
— Norm Eisen (<span class="citation" data-cites="NormEisen">@NormEisen</span>) <a href="https://twitter.com/NormEisen/status/1359243551410974720?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">February 9, 2021</a>
</blockquote>
</div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="vbJBAH">
One notable tidbit from Castor’s speech came when he acknowledged that Trump lost the election fair and square — a comment that may not have sat well with his client, who <a href="https://www.vox.com/2021/2/1/22260734/trump-lawyers-impeachment-trial-david-schoen-bruce-castor-jr">reportedly</a> urged an earlier set of attorneys working on his impeachment defense to push long-debunked lies about election fraud, prompting them to resign from the case.
</p>
<div id="c06nTp">
<blockquote class="twitter-tweet">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" dir="ltr" lang="en">
Here’s Bruce Castor admitting that Trump lost fair and square <a href="https://t.co/cNLUqkqDyo">pic.twitter.com/cNLUqkqDyo</a>
</p>
— Aaron Rupar (<span class="citation" data-cites="atrupar">@atrupar</span>) <a href="https://twitter.com/atrupar/status/1359243290441355268?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">February 9, 2021</a>
</blockquote>
</div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="upOr6f">
At other points, Castor touched upon a procedural argument that the Constitution doesn’t allow for presidents who have left office to be convicted of articles of impeachment.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="mo4W1U">
That argument is dubious both <a href="https://www.vox.com/22272734/trump-impeachment-first-amendment-lies-incitement-brandenburg-new-york-times-sullivan-bond">in terms of the Constitution</a> and with regard to common sense — after all, if impeached presidents can just resign from office and undercut Congress’s ability to prohibit them from running office again, then Congress can’t really hold them accountable — but it will likely be enough for a critical mass of Republican senators.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="4zic1Q">
<a href="https://www.vox.com/2021/2/9/22274726/senate-impeachment-trial-constitutional">All but six of them</a> voted at the end of Tuesday’s proceeding to end Trump’s impeachment trial on the basis of its purported unconstitutionality. Those 44 votes weren’t sufficient, but since a two-thirds vote is needed for conviction, they would be enough to secure Trump’s acquittal.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="tEioEm">
One of the Republican senators who voted to end the trial — John Cornyn of Texas — acknowledged that Castor’s case left a lot to be desired.
</p>
<div id="Qu01d1">
<blockquote class="twitter-tweet">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" dir="ltr" lang="en">
CORNYN: “The president’s lawyer just rambled on and on… I’ve seen a lot of lawyers and a lot of arguments and that was not one of the finest I’ve seen.”
</p>
— Julie Tsirkin (<span class="citation" data-cites="JulieNBCNews">@JulieNBCNews</span>) <a href="https://twitter.com/JulieNBCNews/status/1359266324690649089?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">February 9, 2021</a>
</blockquote>
</div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="RJyC51">
And yet Cornyn, along with 43 of his colleagues, ultimately voted to affirm it.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="VWtvqY">
<strong>Correction, February 9:</strong> A previous version of this article mischaracterized the 56-44 vote to proceed with the impeachment trial at the end of Tuesday’s hearing.
</p>
<ul>
<li><strong>A majority of senators say Trump’s impeachment trial is constitutional</strong> -
<figure>
<img alt="Senators Briefed Behind Closed Doors By Government Agencies On Coronavirus Outbreak" src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/crGbXCAZ7w-SbNVOTMHzLCVs1Cg=/0x0:4927x3695/1310x983/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_image/image/68795190/1208601491.7.jpg"/>
<figcaption>
Sen. Bill Cassidy (R-LA) was the only Republican who voted differently than he had earlier this year. | Mark Wilson/Getty Images
</figcaption>
</figure>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Most Republicans, however, voted to dismiss the trial, suggesting that Trump’s conviction is unlikely.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="kDNtqB">
Senate Republicans, in a Tuesday vote on the constitutionality of the <a href="https://www.vox.com/2021/2/8/22272166/trump-impeachment-trial-senate-insurrection-constitutional">impeachment trial</a>, have signaled once again that they’re unlikely to convict former President <a href="https://www.vox.com/donald-trump">Donald Trump</a>.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="03sHzn">
Although the Senate overall voted 56-44 that the trial was constitutional, just six Republicans agreed, indicating that most of the GOP conference favored ending the proceedings. This vote followed hours of presentations by House impeachment managers and defense counsel explaining their cases for and against the Senate’s jurisdiction over Trump’s impeachment.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="iAiEu9">
Ultimately, most Republicans signaled agreement with the defense team’s argument, leading to a vote breakdown that was similar to that of <a href="https://www.vox.com/2021/1/26/22250914/rand-paul-impeachment-vote">another vote that took place in late January</a>, when senators also weighed the constitutionality of the trial. In that vote, five Republican lawmakers supported moving ahead with the trial, while 45 of their colleagues disagreed.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="1AsULS">
The Republicans who joined Democrats to vote in support of the trial both in January and on Tuesday are Sens. <a href="https://www.vox.com/22272229/senate-republicans-impeachment">Mitt Romney</a> (UT), Susan Collins (ME), Lisa Murkowski (AK), Ben Sasse (NE), and Pat Toomey (PA). Sen. Bill Cassidy (R-LA) voted against the trial in January, but joined these five in voting for its constitutionality Tuesday.
</p>
<div id="t3BtIY">
<blockquote class="twitter-tweet">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" dir="ltr" lang="en">
Bill Cassidy told <a href="https://twitter.com/tedbarrettcnn?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw"><span class="citation" data-cites="tedbarrettcnn">@tedbarrettcnn</span></a> it was a “very good opening” by the House managers and made “very good arguments” on Constitutional question<br/><br/>“I’ve always said I would approach this with an open mind and would listen as an impartial juror to both sides.”
</p>
— Manu Raju (<span class="citation" data-cites="mkraju">@mkraju</span>) <a href="https://twitter.com/mkraju/status/1359264895599058946?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">February 9, 2021</a>
</blockquote></div></li>
</ul>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="tWUBNR">
Republicans have largely said they intend to listen to the evidence for and against impeachment before making up their minds on whether to convict Trump. However, their votes on the constitutionality of the trial effectively serve as a proxy for how they are currently leaning — suggesting that the majority of the conference will probably vote to acquit.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="3mcuRp">
<a href="https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2021/01/25/us/politics/senate-impeachment-whip-count.html">According to a count by the New York Times</a>, eight other Republican lawmakers — in addition to the six who voted to affirm the trial’s constitutionality — have yet to announce their position on conviction, meaning the other 36 have already pretty much settled on acquittal.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="wx6rUD">
Given this dynamic, and Tuesday’s vote, the Senate is expected to fall far short of the 67-member threshold needed to convict Trump of impeachment, since 17 Republicans would have to join Democrats to do so.
</p>
<h3 id="RKpivQ">
Republicans have questioned the constitutionality of the trial to prevent it from moving forward
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Day one of Trump’s second impeachment trial was primarily focused on debates about its constitutionality, since Republicans have increasingly argued that it’s unconstitutional to try a former president — even though most legal scholars disagree, a fact Democratic House impeachment managers emphasized Tuesday.
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As <a href="https://www.vox.com/22242411/trump-impeachment-constitution-senate-trial-conviction-disqualify-william-belknap">Vox’s Ian Millhiser has explained</a>, a majority of legal scholars have concluded that holding an impeachment trial for a former president would be constitutional. However, the precedent for how to handle the impeachment of a former government official is less clear: In 1876, Secretary of War William Belknap faced a Senate trial after he had already resigned, and though a majority voted to proceed with the trial, two-thirds did not vote to convict, with multiple lawmakers citing concerns about the proceedings’ constitutionality.
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The House impeachment managers and Trump’s counsel presented their respective arguments on this matter Tuesday, with Democrats emphasizing that impeachment is still viable for officials who’ve left office because the Constitution’s authors intended it as a way to ensure accountability, while Trump’s attorneys tried to paint the trial as a partisan effort for political gain.
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“The text of the Constitution makes clear there is no January exception to the impeachment power. That the president can’t commit grave offenses in their final days and escape any congressional response,” emphasized Rep. Joe Neguse (D-CO). Democrats also cited historic examples,<a href="https://www.knoxnews.com/story/news/politics/2021/01/15/tennessee-william-blount-set-precedent-trump-impeachment-trial/4156762001/"> like the impeachment of Tennessee Sen. William Blount</a>, to show that lawmakers in the past have still been impeached after they are no longer in office.
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Meanwhile, in a meandering argument, Trump’s counsel countered by trying to paint the entire exercise as a purely political one. “We are really here because the majority of the House of Representatives do not want to face Donald Trump as a political rival,” Trump counsel Bruce Castor asserted. (If Trump were convicted by the Senate, lawmakers could then bar him from holding future federal office.)
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Ultimately, as the result of the final constitutionality vote suggests, their arguments seemed only to reaffirm where senators, on both sides of the aisle, already stood.
</p>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-the-hindu-sports">From The Hindu: Sports</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>ICC Test Rankings: Kohli down to fifth as Root moves up to third after Chennai double century</strong> - India skipper Virat Kohli was on Wednesday pushed to the fifth spot by his English counterpart Joe Root, who rose two rungs to third in the latest I</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Australian Open | Venus Williams rolls ankle, falls to Errani</strong> - Williams was making her 21st appearance at the Australian Open.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Root will probably break all batting records of England: Hussain</strong> - He felt that England have improved a lot on the road having won six away matches on the trot.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Chennai Test | Jamaican sprinter Yohan Blake admires Kohli for owning responsibility for India’s debacle</strong> - “What I really love about Team India is that Virat Kohli doesn’t find any excuses. That’s what I really love about his captaincy, he took the blame for everything,” Blake said in a video uploaded on his social media handles.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Australian Open’s hard quarantine “took a toll” on players</strong> - Victoria Azarenka and others were deemed at risk for exposure to the illness after another passenger on their chartered flight tested positive.</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-the-hindu-national-news">From The Hindu: National News</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Court orders police probe into ‘fake documents’ submitted by former FRI officials</strong> - Additional Chief Judicial Magistrate Ravindra Dev Mishra ordered Station House Officer of Gandhi Cantt to enquire into allegations under CrPC Section 202 (Postponement of issue of process) and submit a report by March 26.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>“Beneath 56-inch chest, PM has a small heart that beats for his billionaire friends”</strong> - Farm laws meant to encourage hoarding and weaken MSP regime, says Priyanka</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>‘Himalayas are fragile and host to several complex processes that need to be monitored’</strong> - Ground-based measurements are critical to supplement satellite imagery but the prevailing conditions aren’t conducive, says Kalachand Sain, Director, WIHG.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>China’s military says India, China have begun disengagement from Pangong Lake</strong> - The statement from China’s Ministry of Defence said this followed a consensus reached at the last round of talks between Corps Commanders on January 24.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>When narratives are made and erased</strong> - The Names of the Flowers is on questions surrounding a witness to a historical event</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-bbc-europe">From BBC: Europe</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Covid: EU’s von der Leyen admits vaccine rollout shortcomings</strong> - The European Commission chief tells the Brussels Parliament “we’re still not where we want to be”.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Draghi: Call of duty for Italy’s ‘Super Mario’</strong> - With Italy’s Mario Draghi set to become prime minister, Mark Lowen profiles the man who “saved the euro”.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Europe’s oldest person survives Covid just before 117th birthday</strong> - Having battled coronavirus, French nun Sister Andre will celebrate her 117th birthday this week.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Polish court tells two Holocaust historians to apologise</strong> - The niece of a Polish village’s wartime mayor sued over claims he had betrayed Jews to the Nazis.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>France Mila affair: Five held for death threats over video critical of Islam</strong> - Mila, 17, says she has been getting 30 hate messages a minute after posting videos critical of Islam.</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-ars-technica">From Ars Technica</h1>
<ul>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>SpaceX Starlink opens preorders, but slots are limited in each region</strong> - A $99 deposit today gives you a chance at service in the second half of 2021. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1741019">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>WHO team rejects lab origin of coronavirus, focuses on animals, frozen food</strong> - Meanwhile, China still clings to possibility the virus originated in another country. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1741018">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>macOS Big Sur 11.2.1 addresses MacBook Pro charging issues</strong> - There are also supplemental updates for Catalina 10.15.7 and Mojave 10.14.6. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1740935">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Zero-days under active exploit are keeping Windows users busy</strong> - Microsoft and Adobe issue patches to stop malicious attacks in the wild. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1740984">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>We now have new evidence that Richard III murdered the princes in the tower</strong> - New research lends credence to the account of Sir Thomas More. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1740324">link</a></p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-jokes-subreddit">From Jokes Subreddit</h1>
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<li><strong>I once dated a girl who had a twin.</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF -->
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People always asked me how I could tell them apart. Simple:
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Jane paints her nails purple. John has a cock.
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/dhejejwj"> /u/dhejejwj </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/lgnjfy/i_once_dated_a_girl_who_had_a_twin/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/lgnjfy/i_once_dated_a_girl_who_had_a_twin/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
<li><strong>While in China, an American man is sexually promiscuous and does not use a condom the entire time he is there.</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF -->
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A week after arriving back home in the States, he wakes one morning to find his penis covered with bright green and purple spots. Horrified, he immediately goes to see a doctor.
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The doctor, never having seen anything like this before, orders some tests and tells the man to return in two days for the results. After two days, the doctor tells him, “I’ve got bad news for you, you have contracted Mongolian VD. It’s very rare and almost unheard of here in the US. We know very little about it.”
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The man perplexed asks, “Well, can’t you give me a shot or something to fix me up, Doc?”
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The doctor answers, “I’m sorry, there’s no known cure. We are going to have to amputate your penis.”
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The man screams in horror, “Absolutely not !! I want a second opinion… !!!”
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The doctor replies, “Well, it’s your choice. Go ahead, if you want, but surgery is your only option.”
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The next day, the man seeks out a Chinese doctor, figuring that he’ll know more about the disease. The Chinese doctor examines his penis and proclaims, “Ahh… yes, Mongolian VD. Very rare disease.”
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The guy says to the doctor, “Yeah, yeah, I already know that, but what can we do? My American doctor wants to cut off my penis!”
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The Chinese doctor shakes his head and laughs, “Stupid Amelican docttah, always want operate, make more money that way. No need amputate!”
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“Oh, thank God!” the man exclaims.
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“Yes,” says the Chinese doctor. “Wait two weeks. Fall off by itself.”
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/coolfunaboud"> /u/coolfunaboud </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/lg95fb/while_in_china_an_american_man_is_sexually/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/lg95fb/while_in_china_an_american_man_is_sexually/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
<li><strong>John Smith was the only Protestant to move into the large Catholic neighborhood.</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF -->
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On the first Friday of Lent, John was outside grilling a big juicy steak on his grill. Meanwhile all of his neighbors were eating cold tuna fish for supper. This went on each Friday during Lent.
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On the last Friday of Lent the neighborhood men got together and decided that something just HAD to be done about John, he was just tempting them to eat meat each Friday of Lent and they couldn’t take it anymore. They decided to try and convert him to be Catholic. They went over and talked with him and were so happy that he decided to join all of his neighbors and become a Catholic.
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They took him to church and the priest sprinkled some water over him and told him “Your were born a Baptist, you were raised a Baptist and now you are a Catholic”. The men of the neighborhood were SO relieved, now their biggest Lent temptation was resolved.
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The next year’s Lent rolled around. The first Friday of Lent came and just at supper time when the neighborhood was setting down to their fish dinners came the wafting smell of steak cooking on a grill. The neighborhood men could not believe their noses! What was going on??? They called each other up and decided to meet over in John’s yard to see if he had forgotten it was a Friday in Lent.
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The group arrived just in time to see John standing over his grill with a small pitcher of water. He was pouring small droplets over his steak on the grill and saying, “You were born a cow, you were raised a cow, and now you are a fish.”
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/ODaferio"> /u/ODaferio </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/lg40dl/john_smith_was_the_only_protestant_to_move_into/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/lg40dl/john_smith_was_the_only_protestant_to_move_into/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
<li><strong>My last girlfriend said I was unnecessarily mysterious.</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF -->
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Or did she?
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/ricerly"> /u/ricerly </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/lgj7q3/my_last_girlfriend_said_i_was_unnecessarily/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/lgj7q3/my_last_girlfriend_said_i_was_unnecessarily/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
<li><strong>Before my operation, the anaesthesiologists asked if I wanted to be knocked out via gas or boat paddle.</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF -->
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It was an ether/oar situation.
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/Bellboyatyourservice"> /u/Bellboyatyourservice </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/lg7n0n/before_my_operation_the_anaesthesiologists_asked/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/lg7n0n/before_my_operation_the_anaesthesiologists_asked/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
</ul>
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