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<title>09 February, 2021</title>
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<h1 data-aos="fade-down" id="covid-19-sentry">Covid-19 Sentry</h1>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" data-aos-anchor-placement="top-bottom" id="contents">Contents</h1>
<ul>
<li><a href="#from-preprints">From Preprints</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-clinical-trials">From Clinical Trials</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-pubmed">From PubMed</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-patent-search">From Patent Search</a></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-preprints">From Preprints</h1>
<ul>
<li><strong>Mapping Transcriptomic Vector Fields of Single Cells</strong> -
<div>
Single-cell RNA-seq, together with RNA velocity and metabolic labeling, reveals cellular states and transitions at unprecedented resolution. Fully exploiting these data, however, requires dynamical models capable of predicting cell fate and unveiling the governing regulatory mechanisms. Here, we introduce dynamo, an analytical framework that reconciles intrinsic splicing and labeling kinetics to estimate absolute RNA velocities, reconstructs continuous velocity vector fields that predict future cell fates, and finally employs differential geometry analyses to elucidate the underlying regulatory networks. We applied dynamo to a wide range of disparate biological processes including prediction of future states of differentiating hematopoietic stem cell lineages, deconvolution of glucocorticoid responses from orthogonal cell-cycle progression, characterization of regulatory networks driving zebrafish pigmentation, and identification of possible routes of resistance to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Our work thus represents an important step in going from qualitative, metaphorical conceptualizations of differentiation, as exemplified by Waddington’s epigenetic landscape, to quantitative and predictive theories.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/696724v2" target="_blank">Mapping Transcriptomic Vector Fields of Single Cells</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>An integrated rural health system baseline assessment of COVID-19 preparedness in Siaya Kenya</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Objective: Our aim was to assess Siaya county COVID-19 preparedness at community and health facility levels and measure baseline household prevalences of fever and cough. Design: There was retrospective and prospective data collection using standard tools. We determined the prevalence of fever and cough in households. We evaluated household knowledge about COVID-19 prevention and adherence to preventive measures. We evaluated the presence of a workforce, essential infrastructure and equipment needed for COVID-19 case management, and the availability of essential maternal and child health services in health facilities. Setting: Siaya in rural Western Kenya Participants: households and health facilities in Siaya Results: We visited 19474 households and assessed 152 facilities. The prevalences of fever and cough ranged from 1.4% to 4.3% and 0.2 to 0.8% respectively ; 97% and 98% of households had not received a guest from nor travelled outside Siaya respectively; 97% knew about frequent handwashing, 66% knew about keeping distance, and 80% knew about wearing a mask; 63% washed their hands countless times; 53% remained home; and 74% used a mask when out in public. The health facility assessment showed: 93.6% were dispensaries and health centers; 90.4% had nurses; 40.5% had oxygen capacity; 13.5% had pulse oximeters; and 2 ventilators were available; 94.2% of facilities did not have COVID-19 testing kits; 94% and 91% of facilities continued to provide antenatal care and immunization services respectively. Health care worker training in COVID-19 had been planned. Conclusions: Household prevalence of fever and cough was low suggesting Siaya had not entered the active community transmission phase in June 2020. Our assessment revealed a need for training in COVID-19 case management, and a need for basic equipment and supplies including pulse oximeters and oxygen. Future interventions should address these gaps. Strengths and limitations: This study provides an example of how to successfully carry out an integrated rural health system baseline assessment of COVID-19 preparedness; an approach that would be useful for any country experiencing COVID-19 with a significant rural population. Some of our data were retrospective in nature and therefore vulnerable to multiple sources of bias including: recall bias and misclassification.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.07.21251312v1" target="_blank">An integrated rural health system baseline assessment of COVID-19 preparedness in Siaya Kenya</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Impact on Mental Health of students due to restriction caused by COVID-19 pandemic: Cross-sectional study</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Abstract Background: The goal of the study was to investigate fear, depression and anxiety symptoms among students of India due to COVID-19 pandemic and its restriction. Method: The cross-sectional web-based research was conducted between mid-November and mid-December 2020 with the objective of understanding the psychological and behavioral consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic effect on students due to the constraint of forced control. The study included a) socio-demographic questions such as age, gender, degree enrolled and any member of the family infected with COVID-19, b) psychometric scales evaluating the psychological and behavioral impact caused by COVID-19 pandemic restrictions such as fear of the COVID-19 scale (FCV-19S), depression by the Brief Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) depression scale, and anxiety by the Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale (GAD-7). Results: Total number of 324 students participated in this study in which 44.4% were male and 55.6% were female. Fear of COVID-19 scale showed 68.8% student had high fear among students, 24.4% had moderate to severe depression and 51.5% had moderate to severe anxiety. The correlation between fear of COVID-19 scale (FCV-19s) and Generalized Anxiety scale (GAD-7) was found to be 0.474 and 0.492 was found between fear of COVID-19 (FCV-19s) scale and brief patient health questionnaire (PHQ-9) Conclusion: This research concludes that there is a very strong fear of COVID-19 among students, along with anxiety and depression. This study also concludes that the fear of the COVID-19 scale and the GAD-7 and PHQ-9 scales have a strong positive correlation.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.07.21250695v1" target="_blank">Impact on Mental Health of students due to restriction caused by COVID-19 pandemic: Cross-sectional study</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>L18F substrain of SARS-CoV-2 VOC-202012/01 is rapidly spreading in England</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
The Variant of Concern (VOC)-202012/01 (also known as B.1.1.7) is a rapidly growing lineage of SARS-CoV-2. In January 2021, VOC-202012/01 constituted about 80% of SARS-CoV-2 genomes sequenced in England and was present in 27 out of 29 countries that reported at least 50 viral genomes. As this strain will likely spread globally towards fixation, it is important to monitor its molecular evolution. Based on GISAID data we systematically estimated growth rates of mutations acquired by the lineage to find that L18F substitution in spike initiated a substrain characterized by replicative advantage of 1.70 [95% CI: 1.56-1.96] in relation to the remaining VOC-202012/01 substrains. We also indicate three mutations in the receptor binding motive of spike, that arose in VOC-202012/01: E484K, F490S, S494P, and may give rise to escape mutants. Such mutants may hinder efficiency of existing vaccines and expand in response to the increasing after-infection or vaccine induced seroprevalence.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.07.21251262v1" target="_blank">L18F substrain of SARS-CoV-2 VOC-202012/01 is rapidly spreading in England</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Rapid Impact Analysis of B 1.1.7 Variant on the Spread of SARS-CoV-2 in North Carolina</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Several cases of the B1.1.7 variant of the SARS-CoV-2 virus were identified in North Carolina first on January 23, 2021 in Mecklenburg County and later in Guilford County on January 28, 2021. This variant has been associated with higher levels of transmissibility. Using the nowcasted reproduction numbers, a stochastic discrete compartmental model was fit with the current vaccination rates and B1.1.7 transmissibility to estimate the impact on the effective reproduction number. We found that the effective reproduction number for North Carolina and Guilford County may exceed one, indicating a return to accelerating spread of infection in April as the proportion of B1.1.7 increases. Existing non-pharmaceutical interventions will need to remain in effect through the spring.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.07.21251291v1" target="_blank">Rapid Impact Analysis of B 1.1.7 Variant on the Spread of SARS-CoV-2 in North Carolina</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Linking excess mortality to Google mobility data during the COVID-19 pandemic in England and Wales</strong> -
<div>
Following the outbreak of COVID-19, a number of non-pharmaceutical interventions have been implemented to contain the spread of the pandemic. Despite the recent reduction in the number of infections and deaths in Europe, it is still unclear to which extent these governmental actions have contained the spread of the disease and reduced mortality. In this article, we estimate the effects of reduced human mobility on excess mortality using digital mobility data at the regional level in England and Wales. Specifically, we employ the Google COVID-19 Community Mobility Reports, which offer an approximation to the changes in mobility due to different social distancing measures. Considering that changes in mobility would require some time before having an effect on mortality, we analyse the relationship between excess mortality and lagged indicators of human mobility. We find a negative association between excess mortality and time spent at home, as well as a positive association with changes in outdoor mobility, after controlling for the time trend of the pandemic and regional differences. We estimate that almost 130,000 excess deaths have been averted as a result of the increased time spent at home. In addition to addressing a key scientific question, our results have important policy implications for future pandemics and a potential second wave of COVID-19.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://osf.io/preprints/socarxiv/75d6m/" target="_blank">Linking excess mortality to Google mobility data during the COVID-19 pandemic in England and Wales</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>What drives us to be (ir)responsible for our health during the COVID-19 pandemic? The role of personality, thinking styles and conspiracy mentality</strong> -
<div>
Abstract The study aimed to investigate the role of personality, thinking styles, and conspiracy mentality in health-related behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic, i.e., recommended health behaviors according to COVID-19 guidelines and engagement in pseudoscientific practices related to COVID-19. Basic personality space was defined by the HEXACO model complemented by Disintegration, which represents psychotic-like experiences and behaviors reconceptualized as a personality trait. Mediation analyses conducted on a convenient sample from the general population recruited via social media and by snowballing (N=417) showed that engagement in pseudoscientific behaviors was predicted by high Disintegration. However, this relationship was entirely mediated by high experiential and low rational thinking styles. Adherence to health practices recommended by COVID-19 guidelines was predicted by high Honesty traits, while low Disintegration had both direct and indirect effects through conspiracy mentality.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://psyarxiv.com/cgeuv/" target="_blank">What drives us to be (ir)responsible for our health during the COVID-19 pandemic? The role of personality, thinking styles and conspiracy mentality</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Neural epidermal growth factor-like 1 protein variant increases survival and modulates the inflammatory and immune responses in human ACE-2 transgenic mice infected with SARS-CoV-2</strong> -
<div>
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a viral illness caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and is a worsening global pandemic. COVID-19 has caused at least 1.7 million deaths worldwide and over 300,000 in the United States. Recently, two promising vaccines are being administered in several countries. However, there remains an urgent need for a therapeutic treatment for COVID-19 patients with severe respiratory damage that can lead to intensive care, prolonged hospitalization, or mortality. Moreover, an increasing population of patients manifest lingering disabling symptoms (called Long Haulers). Here, we tested the efficacy of a recombinant neural epidermal growth factor like 1 protein variant (NELL1-NV1) in a COVID-19 mouse model, transgenic mice expressing the human angiotensin I-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor (tg-mice hACE2) infected with SARS-CoV-2. The administration of NELL1-NV1 to SARS-CoV-2-infected tg-mice hACE2 significantly improved clinical health score and increased survival. Analyses of bronchoalveolar (BAL) fluid demonstrated decreased levels of several cytokines and chemokines (IFN-{gamma}, IL-10, IL-12 p70, CXCL-10/IP-10, MIG and Rantes), in NV1-treated treated mice compared to controls. Cytokines including IL-1, IL-9, IL-6, LIX/CXCL5, KC/CXCL1, MIP-2/CXCL2, MIP-1/CCL3, and G-CSF, critical to immune responses such as neutrophil recruitment, viral clearance and vascularization, were increased compared to controls. Our data suggest the potential of NELL1-NV1-based therapy to mitigate the cytokine storm, modulate the abnormal immune response and repair respiratory tissue damage in COVID-19 patients.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.08.430254v1" target="_blank">Neural epidermal growth factor-like 1 protein variant increases survival and modulates the inflammatory and immune responses in human ACE-2 transgenic mice infected with SARS-CoV-2</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Activin A correlates with the worst outcomes in COVID-19 patients, and can be induced by cytokines via the IKK/NF-kappa B pathway</strong> -
<div>
A fraction of COVID-19 patients develop the most severe form, characterized by Acute Respiratory Disease Syndrome (ARDS). The molecular mechanisms causing COVID-19-induced ARDS have yet to be defined, though many studies have documented an increase in cytokines known as a “cytokine storm.” Here, we demonstrate that cytokines that activate the NF-kappaB pathway can induce Activin A and its downstream marker, FLRG. In hospitalized COVID-19 patients elevated Activin A/FLRG at baseline were predictive of the most severe longitudinal outcomes of COVID-19, including the need for mechanical ventilation, lack of clinical improvement and all-cause mortality. Patients with Activin A/FLRG above the sample median were 2.6/2.9 times more likely to die, relative to patients with levels below the sample median, respectively. The study indicates high levels of Activin A and FLRG put patients at risk of ARDS, and blockade of Activin A may be beneficial in treating COVID-19 patients experiencing ARDS.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.04.429815v1" target="_blank">Activin A correlates with the worst outcomes in COVID-19 patients, and can be induced by cytokines via the IKK/NF-kappa B pathway</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>SARS-CoV-2 Encodes a PPxY Late Domain Motif Known to Enhance Budding and Spread in Enveloped RNA Viruses</strong> -
<div>
The current COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease-2019) pandemic is affecting the health and/or socioeconomic welfare of almost everyone in the world. Finding vaccines and therapeutics is therefore urgent, but elucidation of the molecular mechanisms that allow some viruses to cross host species boundaries, becoming a threat to human health, must also be given close attention. Here, analysis of all proteins of SARS-CoV-2 revealed a unique PPxY Late (L) domain motif, 25-PPAY-28, in a spike (S) protein inside a predicted hot disordered loop subject to phosphorylation and binding. PPxY motifs in enveloped RNA viruses are known to recruit Nedd4 E3 ubiquitin ligases and ultimately the ESCRT complex to enhance virus budding and release, resulting in higher viral loads, hence facilitating new infections. Interestingly, proteins of SARS-CoV-1 do not feature PPxY motifs, which could explain why SARS-CoV-2 is more contagious than SARS-CoV-1. Should an experimental assessment of this hypothesis show that the PPxY motif plays the same role in SARS-CoV-2 as it does in other enveloped RNA viruses, this motif will become a promising target for the development of novel host-oriented antiviral therapeutics for preventing S proteins from recruiting Nedd4 E3 ubiquitin ligase partners.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.20.052217v3" target="_blank">SARS-CoV-2 Encodes a PPxY Late Domain Motif Known to Enhance Budding and Spread in Enveloped RNA Viruses</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>The feasibility of targeted test-trace-isolate for the control of SARS-CoV-2 variants</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
The SARS-CoV-2 variant B.1.1.7 reportedly exhibits substantially higher transmission than the ancestral strain and may generate a major surge of cases before vaccines become widely available, while the P.1 and B.1.351 variants may be equally transmissible and also resist vaccines. All three variants can be sensitively detected by RT-PCR due to an otherwise rare del11288-11296 mutation in orf1ab; B.1.1.7 can also be detected using the common TaqPath kit. Testing, contact tracing, and isolation programs overwhelmed by SARS-CoV-2 could slow the spread of the new variants, which are still outnumbered by tracers in most countries. However, past failures and high rates of mistrust may lead health agencies to conclude that tracing is futile, dissuading them from redirecting existing tracers to focus on the new variants. Here we apply a branching-process model to estimate the effectiveness of implementing a variant-focused testing, contact tracing, and isolation strategy with realistic levels of performance. Our model indicates that bidirectional contact tracing can substantially slow the spread of SARS-CoV-2 variants even in regions where a large fraction of the population refuses to cooperate with contact tracers or to abide by quarantine and isolation requests.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.11.21249612v3" target="_blank">The feasibility of targeted test-trace-isolate for the control of SARS-CoV-2 variants</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>COVID Outcome Prediction in the Emergency Department (COPE): Development and validation of a model for predicting death and need for intensive care in COVID-19 patients</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Background and aim: COVID-19 is putting extraordinary pressure on emergency departments (EDs). To support decision making in the ED, we aimed to develop a simple and valid model for predicting mortality and need for intensive care unit (ICU) admission in suspected COVID-19 patients. Methods: For model development, we retrospectively collected data of patients who were admitted to 4 large Dutch hospitals with suspected COVID-19 between March and August 2020 (first wave of the pandemic). Based on prior literature we considered quickly and objectively obtainable patient characteristics, vital parameters and blood test values as predictors. Logistic regression analyses with post-hoc uniform shrinkage was used to obtain predicted probabilities of in-hospital death and of the need for ICU admission, both within 28 days after hospital admission. We assessed model performance (Area Under the ROC curve (AUC); calibration plots) with temporal validation in patients who presented between September and December 2020 (second wave). We used multiple imputation to account for missing values. Results: The development data included 5,831 patients, of whom 629 (10.8%) died and 5,070 (86.9%) were discharged within 28 days after admission. ICU admission was fully recorded for 2,633 first wave patients in 2 hospitals, with 214 (8%) ICU admissions within 28 days. A simple model - COVID Outcome Prediction in the Emergency Department (COPE) - with age, respiratory rate, C-reactive protein, lactic dehydrogenase, albumin and urea captured most of the ability to predict death. COPE was well-calibrated and showed good discrimination in 3,252 second wave patients (AUC in 4 hospitals: 0.82 [0.78; 0.86]; 0.82 [0.74; 0.90]; 0.79 [0.70; 0.88]; 0.83 [0.79; 0.86]). COPE was also able to identify patients at high risk of needing IC in 706 second wave patients with complete information on ICU admission (AUC: 0.84 [0.78; 0.90]; 0.81 [0.66; 0.95]). The models are implemented in web-based and mobile applications. Conclusion: COPE is a simple tool that is well able to predict mortality and need for ICU admission for patients who present to the ED with suspected COVID-19 and may help patients and doctors in decision making.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.30.20249023v3" target="_blank">COVID Outcome Prediction in the Emergency Department (COPE): Development and validation of a model for predicting death and need for intensive care in COVID-19 patients</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Optimal symptom combinations to aid COVID-19 case identification: analysis from a community-based, prospective, observational cohort</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Objectives: Diagnostic work-up following any COVID-19 associated symptom will lead to extensive testing, potentially overwhelming laboratory capacity whilst primarily yielding negative results. We aimed to identify optimal symptom combinations to capture most cases using fewer tests with implications for COVID-19 vaccine developers across different resource settings and public health. Methods: UK and US users of the COVID-19 Symptom Study app who reported new-onset symptoms and an RT-PCR test within seven days of symptom onset were included. Sensitivity, specificity, and number of RT-PCR tests needed to identify one case (test per case [TPC]) were calculated for different symptom combinations. A multi-objective evolutionary algorithm was applied to generate combinations with optimal trade-offs between sensitivity and specificity. Findings: UK and US cohorts included 122,305 (1,202 positives) and 3,162 (79 positive) individuals. Within three days of symptom onset, the COVID-19 specific symptom combination (cough, dyspnoea, fever, anosmia/ageusia) identified 69% of cases requiring 47 TPC. The combination with highest sensitivity (fatigue, anosmia/ageusia, cough, diarrhoea, headache, sore throat) identified 96% cases requiring 96 TPC. Interpretation: We confirmed the significance of COVID-19 specific symptoms for triggering RT-PCR and identified additional symptom combinations with optimal trade-offs between sensitivity and specificity that maximize case capture given different resource settings.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.23.20237313v4" target="_blank">Optimal symptom combinations to aid COVID-19 case identification: analysis from a community-based, prospective, observational cohort</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Explaining ethnicity disparities in COVID-19 mortality: population-based, prospective cohort study</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Ethnic disparities in COVID-19 hospitalizations and mortality have been reported but there is scant understanding of how these inequalities are embodied. The UK Biobank prospective cohort study comprises around half a million people who were aged 40-69 years at study induction between 2006 and 2010 when information on ethnic background and potential explanatory factors was captured. Study members were linked to a national mortality registry. In an analytical sample of 448,664 individuals (248,820 women), 354 deaths were ascribed to COVID-19 between 5th March and the end of follow-up on 17th September 2020. In age- and sex-adjusted analyses, relative to White participants, Black study members experienced around seven times the risk of COVID-19 mortality (odds ratio; 95% confidence interval: 7.25; 4.65, 11.33), while there was a doubling in the Asian group (1.98; 1.02, 3.84). Controlling for baseline comorbidities, socioeconomic circumstances, and lifestyle factors explained 53% of the differential in risk for Asian people (1.37; 0.68, 2.77) and 27% in Black study members (4.28; 2.67, 6.86). The residual risk in ethnic minority groups for COVID-19 deaths may be ascribed to unknown genetic factors or unmeasured phenotypes, most obviously racial discrimination.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.07.21251079v1" target="_blank">Explaining ethnicity disparities in COVID-19 mortality: population-based, prospective cohort study</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Sero-surveillance for IgG to SARS-CoV-2 at antenatal care clinics in two Kenyan referral hospitals</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
The high proportion of asymptomatic and undetected SARS-CoV-2 infections presents a challenge to tracking the progress of the pandemic and implementing control measures in Kenya. We determined the prevalence of IgG to SARS-CoV-2 in residual blood samples from mothers attending antenatal care services at 2 referral hospitals in Kenya. A total of 196 samples were analysed from Kenyatta National Hospital in Nairobi in August 2020, seroprevalence, adjusted for assay sensitivity and specificity, was 49.8% (95% CI 42.0-57.8). In Kilifi County Hospital in coastal Kenya, 419 samples were analysed between September and November 2020, seroprevalence, adjusted for assay sensitivity and specificity, increased from 1.3% (95% CI 0.03-4.8) in September to 10.9% (95% CI 6.1, 16.8) in November 2020. There has been substantial, unobserved transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in parts of Nairobi and Kilifi Counties.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.05.21250735v1" target="_blank">Sero-surveillance for IgG to SARS-CoV-2 at antenatal care clinics in two Kenyan referral hospitals</a>
</div></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-clinical-trials">From Clinical Trials</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Study to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of a Single Dose of STI-2020 (COVI-AMG™) to Treat COVID-19</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   Covid19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Biological: COVI-AMG;   Drug: Placebo<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Sorrento Therapeutics, Inc.<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Study to Evaluate a Single Dose of STI-2020 (COVI-AMG™) in Adults With Mild COVID-19 Symptoms</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   Covid19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Biological: COVI-AMG;   Drug: Placebo<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Sorrento Therapeutics, Inc.<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Telerehabilitation in Covid-19 After Hospital Discharge</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   Covid19<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Other: Telerehabilitation intervention<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Universidad de Granada<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>TOCILIZUMAB - An Option for Patients With COVID-19 Associated Cytokine Release Syndrome; A Single Center Experience</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   Covid19<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Drug: Tocilizumab<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   FMH College of Medicine and Dentistry<br/><b>Completed</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Convalescent Plasma in the Treatment of Covid-19</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   Covid19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Biological: Convalescent plasma from COVID-19 donors;   Biological: Placebo<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   Helsinki University Central Hospital;   Finnish Red Cross<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of VB-201 in Patients With COVID-19</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   Severe COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Drug: VB-201 + Standard of care;   Drug: Standard of care<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Vascular Biogenics Ltd. operating as VBL Therapeutics<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>An Outpatient Clinical Trial Using Ivermectin and Doxycycline in COVID-19 Positive Patients at High Risk to Prevent COVID-19 Related Hospitalization</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   Covid19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Drug: Ivermectin Tablets;   Drug: Doxycycline Tablets;   Drug: Placebo<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Max Health, Subsero Health<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>CPI-006 Plus Standard of Care Versus Placebo Plus Standard of Care in Mild to Moderately Symptomatic Hospitalized Covid-19 Patients</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   Covid-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Drug: CPI-006 2 mg/kg + SOC;   Drug: CPI-006 1 mg/kg + SOC;   Drug: Placebo + SOC<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Corvus Pharmaceuticals, Inc.<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Effectiveness of Ivermectin in SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 Patients</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   Covid19<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Drug: Ivermectin<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   FMH College of Medicine and Dentistry<br/><b>Completed</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Famotidine vs Placebo for the Treatment of Non-Hospitalized Adults With COVID-19</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   Covid-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Drug: Famotidine;   Drug: Placebo<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   Northwell Health;   Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Study to Assess Efficacy and Safety of Inhaled Interferon-β Therapy for COVID-19</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>:   Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2;   COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Drug: SNG001;   Drug: Placebo<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Synairgen Research Ltd.<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>COVID-19 and Pregnancy: Placental and Immunological Impacts</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   Covid19<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Other: Specimens specific for the study<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Hopital Foch<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>AGILE (Early Phase Platform Trial for COVID-19)</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   Covid19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Drug: CST-2: EIDD-2801;   Drug: CST-2: Placebo<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   University of Liverpool;   University of Southampton;   Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine;   Lancaster University;   Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Prothione™ Capsules for Mild to Moderate Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Drug: Placebo;   Drug: Prothione™ (6g)<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Prothione, LLC<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Ivermectin Role in Covid-19 Clinical Trial</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   Covid19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Drug: ivermectin;   Drug: hydroxychloroquine;   Drug: Placebo<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   Elaraby Hospital;   Shebin-Elkom Teaching Hospital<br/><b>Completed</b></p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-pubmed">From PubMed</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>An update review of emerging small-molecule therapeutic options for COVID-19</strong> - The SARS-CoV-2 outbreak and pandemic that began near the end of 2019 has posed a challenge to global health. At present, many candidate small-molecule therapeutics have been developed that can inhibit both the infection and replication of SARS-CoV-2 and even potentially relieve cytokine storms and other related complications. Meanwhile, host-targeted drugs that inhibit cellular transmembrane serine protease (TMPRSS2) can prevent SARS-CoV-2 from entering cells, and its combination with…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Interaction of small molecules with the SARS-CoV-2 papain-like protease: In silico studies and in vitro validation of protease activity inhibition using an enzymatic inhibition assay</strong> - The SARS-CoV-2 virus is causing COVID-19, an ongoing pandemic, with extraordinary global health, social, and political implications. Currently, extensive research and development efforts are aimed at producing a safe and effective vaccine. In the interim, small molecules are being widely investigated for antiviral effects. With respect to viral replication, the papain-like (PL^(pro)) and main proteases (M^(pro)), are critical for processing viral replicase polypeptides. Further, the PL^(pro)…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>SARS-CoV-2 mutation 614G creates an elastase cleavage site enhancing its spread in high AAT-deficient regions</strong> - SARS-CoV-2 was first reported from China. Within three months, it evolved to 10 additional subtypes. Two evolved subtypes (A2 and A2a) carry a non-synonymous Spike protein mutation (D614G). We conducted phylodynamic analysis of over 70,000 SARS-CoV-2 coronaviruses worldwide, sequenced until July2020, and found that the mutant subtype (614G) outcompeted the pre-existing type (614D), significantly faster in Europe and North-America than in East Asia. Bioinformatically and computationally, we…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Avelumab, a PD-L1 Inhibitor, in Combination with Hypofractionated Radiotherapy and the Abscopal Effect in Relapsed Refractory Multiple Myeloma</strong> - CONCLUSION: Avelumab in combination with radiotherapy for patients with RRMM and EMD was associated with very modest systemic clinical benefit; however, patients did benefit as usual from local radiotherapy. Furthermore, the combination was very well tolerated compared with historical RRMM treatment regimens.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Recent updates in the clinical trials of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies targeting cytokine storm for the management of COVID-19</strong> - Clinical studies have identified a cytokine storm in the third stage of disease progression in critical ill patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Hence, effectively suppressing the uncontrolled immune response of the host towards the invaded viruses in a cytokine storm is a critical step to prevent the deterioration of patient conditions and decrease the rate of mortality. Therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are found to be effective for the management of acute respiratory…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>The screening and evaluation of potential clinically significant HIV drug combinations against the SARS-CoV-2 virus</strong> - Spike glycoprotein is essential for the reproduction of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, and its inhibition using already approved antiviral drugs may open new avenues for treatment of patients with the COVID-19 disease. Because of that we analyzed the inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein with FDA-approved antiviral drugs and their double and triple combinations. We used the Vini in silico model of cancer to perform this virtual drug screening, showing HIV drugs to be the most effective. Besides,…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Recent Advances in Systemic Therapies for Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma</strong> - PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This paper aims to summarize the data of recently completed and key ongoing clinical trials of systemic agents for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (aHCC). In particular, the review focuses on ongoing checkpoint inhibitor combination trials and promising studies combining tyrosine kinase inhibitors with checkpoint inhibitors.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Mechanistic insight into anti-COVID-19 drugs: recent trends and advancements</strong> - The Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) has been established now to be a deadly disease afflicting the whole world with worst consequences on healthcare, economy and day-to-day life activities. Being a communicable disease, which is highly pathogenic in humans, causing cough, throat infection, breathing problems, high fever, muscle pain, and may lead to death in some cases especially those having other comorbid conditions such as heart or kidney problems, and diabetes….</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Delving Into the Origin of Destructive Inflammation in COVID-19: A Betrayal of Natural Host Defense Peptides?</strong> - In contrast to other pathogenic agents that directly destroy host cells and tissues, the lethal power of SARS-CoV-2 resides in the over-reactive immune response triggered by this virus. Based on numerous evidences indicating that the lipid composition of host membranes is dramatically affected by COVID-19, and in the fact that our endogenous antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are sensitive to the membrane composition of pathogenic agents, we propose that such destructive immune response is due to the…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>CSF3 Is a Potential Drug Target for the Treatment of COVID-19</strong> - Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an acute respiratory infectious disease that appeared at the end of 2019. As of July 2020, the cumulative number of infections and deaths have exceeded 15 million and 630,000, respectively. And new cases are increasing. There are still many difficulties surrounding research on the mechanism and development of therapeutic vaccines. It is urgent to explore the pathogenic mechanism of viruses to help prevent and treat COVID-19. In our study, we downloaded two…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>The computational intervention of macrolide antibiotics in the treatment of COVID-19</strong> - The spike (S) glycoprotein of SARS coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) and human Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), are both considered the key factors for the initiation of virus infection. The present work is an effort for a computational target to block the spike proteins (S) and ACE2 receptor proteins with Macrolide antibiotics like Azithromycin, (AZM), Clarithromycin (CLAM) and Erythromycin (ERY) along with RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp). These compounds were able to block the residues…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>COVID-19 patients often show high-titer non-platelet-activating anti-PF4/heparin IgG antibodies</strong> - CONCLUSION: COVID-19 patients often present with strong reactivity in PF4/heparin antigen tests without the presence of platelet-activating antibodies. Diagnosis of HIT requires confirmation of heparin-dependent, platelets activating antibodies to avoid overdiagnosis and overtreatment with non-heparin anticoagulants.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Novel insights into impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on aquatic environment of Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal in southern Jiangsu region</strong> - In 2020, a sudden COVID-19 pandemic unprecedentedly weakened anthropogenic activities and as results minified the pollution discharge to aquatic environment. In this study, the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on aquatic environment of the southern Jiangsu (SJ) segment of Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal (SJ-BHGC) were explored. Fluorescent component similarity and high-performance size exclusion chromatography analyses indicated that the textile printing and dyeing wastewater might be one of the…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>SARS-CoV-2: From the pathogenesis to potential anti-viral treatments</strong> - INTRODUCTION: The world is witnessing the spread of one of the members of Coronaviruses (CoVs) family, called severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in the 21st century. Considering the short time spent after its prevalence, limited information is known about the effect of the virus mechanism on different organs of the body; meanwhile the lack of specific treatment and vaccine for this virus has exposed millions of people to a big challenge.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Genetic Conservation of SARS-CoV-2 RNA Replication Complex in Globally Circulating Isolates and Recently Emerged Variants from Humans and Minks Suggests Minimal Pre-Existing Resistance to Remdesivir</strong> - Remdesivir (RDV) exhibits potent antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 and is currently the only drug approved for the treatment of COVID-19. However, little is currently known about the potential for pre-existing resistance to RDV and the possibility of SARS-CoV-2 genetic diversification that might impact RDV efficacy as the virus continue to spread globally. In this study, &gt;90,000 SARS-CoV-2 sequences from globally circulating clinical isolates, including sequences from recently emerged United…</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-patent-search">From Patent Search</h1>
<ul>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>SARS-CoV-2 antibodies</strong> - - <a href="https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=AU315792577">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>SARS-CoV-2 antibodies</strong> - - <a href="https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=AU315792579">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITION OF NITAZOXANIDE AND MEFLOQUINE AND METHOD THEREOF</strong> - A pharmaceutical composition for treating Covid-19 virus comprising a therapeutically effective amount of a nitazoxanide or its pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof and an mefloquine or its pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof is disclosed. The pharmaceutical composition comprises the nitazoxanide in the ratio of 0.05% to 66% w/v and the mefloquine in the ratio of 0.05% to 90% w/v. The composition is found to be effective for the treatment of COVID -19 (SARS-CoV2). The pharmaceutical composition of nitazoxanide and mefloquine has been found to be effective and is unexpectedly well tolerated with a low rate of side-effects, and equally high cure-rates than in comparable treatments. - <a href="https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=IN316412781">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>TREATMENT OF COVID-19 WITH REBAMIPIDE</strong> - - <a href="https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=AU315792482">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR ACQUIRING POWER CONSUMPTION IMPACT BASED ON IMPACT OF COVID-19 EPIDEMIC</strong> - - <a href="https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=AU314745621">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>一种新冠肺炎CT检测识别定位系统及计算设备</strong> - 本发明涉及图像处理领域，公开了一种新冠肺炎CT检测识别定位系统及计算设备，包括图像采集单元、模块建立单元、新冠肺炎病灶识别单元和新冠肺炎病灶定位单元；图像采集单元采集待识别检测新冠肺炎的CT图像、新冠肺炎CT影像病灶分割训练数据集和新冠CT图像识别训练集；模块建立单元建立U_Net卷积神经网络模型、加入注意力机制的InceptionV3网络和目标检测模型；新冠肺炎病灶识别单元对已分割出病灶的轮廓特征图像进行识别；新冠肺炎病灶定位单元确定病灶在人体肺部的位置。本发明利用U_Net卷积神经网络模型对新冠病灶检测分割，并通过加入注意力机制的网络进行新冠肺炎识别，通过目标检测模型定位病灶在肺部的位置，识别准确率高，计算速度快。 - <a href="https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=CN317076812">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>一种基于磁微粒化学发光的新型冠状病毒抗体检测试剂盒</strong> - 本发明提供一种基于磁微粒化学发光的新型冠状病毒抗体检测试剂盒。所述检测试剂盒包括：链霉亲和素磁微粒、生物素标记的新型冠状病毒抗原、吖啶磺酰胺标记的二抗、样本稀释液和质控品；所述生物素标记的新型冠状病毒抗原包括重组核衣壳蛋白和重组棘突蛋白S1。将待检样本、生物素标记抗原与链霉亲和素磁微粒混合，孵育和洗涤，再加入吖啶磺酰胺标记的抗体，形成磁微粒‑链霉亲和素‑生物素‑抗原‑新型冠状病毒抗体‑二抗复合物，进而检测发光强度实现对待测样品的定性。 - <a href="https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=CN317076655">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITION OF ARTESUNATE AND MEFLOQUINE AND METHOD THEREOF</strong> - A pharmaceutical composition for treating Covid-19 virus comprising a therapeutically effective amount of an artesunate or its pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof and a mefloquine or its pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof is disclosed. The pharmaceutical composition comprises the artesunate in the ratio of 0.25% to 66% w/v and mefloquine in the ratio of 0.25% to 90% w/v. The composition is found to be effective for the treatment of COVID -19 (SARS-CoV2). The pharmaceutical composition of Artesunate and Mefloquine has been found to be effective and is unexpectedly well tolerated with a low rate of side-effects, and equally high cure-rates than in comparable treatments. The present invention also discloses a method to preparing the pharmaceutical composition comprising of Artesunate and Mefloquine. - <a href="https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=IN315303355">link</a></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Zahnbürstenaufsatz, elektrische Versorgungseinheit einer elektrischen Zahnbürste, elektrische Zahnbürste mit einem Zahnbürstenaufsatz, Zahnbürste sowie Testaufsatz für eine elektrische Zahnbürste</strong> -
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
</p><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">Zahnbürstenaufsatz für eine elektrische Zahnbürste (20) umfassend einen Koppelabschnitt (2), über den der Zahnbürstenaufsatz (1) mit einer elektrischen Versorgungseinheit (10) der elektrischen Zahnbürste (20) verbindbar ist und einen Bürstenabschnitt (3), der zur Reinigung der Zähne ausgebildete Reinigungsmittel (3.1) aufweist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass an dem Zahnbürstenaufsatz (1) eine Sensoreinheit (4) vorgesehen ist, die dazu ausgebildet ist, selektiv das Vorhandensein eines Virus oder eines Antigen im Speichel eines Nutzers des Zahnbürstenaufsatzes (1) durch Messen zumindest eines virusspezifischen Parameters zu bestimmen.</p></li>
</ul>
<img alt="embedded image" id="EMI-D00000"/>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"></p>
<ul>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><a href="https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=DE315274678">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>一种医用可佩戴式防护口鼻的微型气幕系统</strong> - 本发明公开了一种医用可佩戴式防护口鼻的微型气幕系统，包括框柱，框柱一侧开凿有气幕送风口和呼吸用送风口，气幕送风口和呼吸用送风口内分别连接有软管一和软管二，框柱内开凿有水平条缝和垂直条缝，水平条缝与垂直条缝均与气幕送风口相连通，框柱靠近水平条缝的一侧贯穿开凿有出风口，出风口内设有滤网，出风口贯穿框柱的一端连接有高效过滤器，滤网与高效过滤器之间连接有吸气泵，框柱靠近出风口的一侧连接有电池和开关。本发明通过提出一种在口腔处应用洁净空气幕阻挡气溶胶传播的可佩戴装置，可以在口腔类相关诊疗过程，保护医生和周围人的健康，避免引起可能引发的呼吸道疾病交叉感染。 - <a href="https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=CN316342421">link</a></p></li>
</ul>
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<h1 data-aos="fade-down" id="daily-dose">Daily-Dose</h1>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" data-aos-anchor-placement="top-bottom" id="contents">Contents</h1>
<ul>
<li><a href="#from-new-yorker">From New Yorker</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-vox">From Vox</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-the-hindu-sports">From The Hindu: Sports</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-the-hindu-national-news">From The Hindu: National News</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-bbc-europe">From BBC: Europe</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-ars-technica">From Ars Technica</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-jokes-subreddit">From Jokes Subreddit</a></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-new-yorker">From New Yorker</h1>
<ul>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>The Risks of Trump’s Impeachment Trial</strong> - Given the importance of condemning Trump’s destructive actions, the message sent by an acquittal may be worse than no trial. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/our-columnists/the-risks-of-trumps-impeachment-trial">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>The Indoor-Dining Debate Isn’t a Debate at All</strong> - On Valentine’s Day, New Yorkers will be allowed to eat inside restaurants again. We shouldn’t. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/culture/annals-of-gastronomy/the-indoor-dining-debate-isnt-a-debate-at-all">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Can a Country Control the Virus and Host a Grand Slam? Australia Is Trying</strong> - In light of Melbourne’s long stretch of stringent lockdown measures, Australia’s decision to allow more than a thousand people into the country for a tennis tournament has been controversial. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/sports/sporting-scene/can-a-country-control-the-virus-and-host-a-grand-slam-australia-is-trying">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>What’s at Stake in the Fight Over Reopening Schools</strong> - From housing to health care, low-income people and others ravaged by debt and inequality are beginning to demand a better life subsidized by public money. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/our-columnists/whats-at-stake-in-the-fight-over-reopening-schools">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Trump’s Impeachment Trial Offers a Chance to Seize the Initiative on the Future of Free Speech</strong> - Trump should be convicted, and the First Amendment should be protected in the process. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/daily-comment/trumps-impeachment-trial-offers-a-chance-to-seize-the-initiative-on-the-future-of-free-speech">link</a></p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-vox">From Vox</h1>
<ul>
<li><strong>A survey of 30,000 households reveals Covid-19’s economic toll in the developing world</strong> -
<figure>
<img alt="" src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/zwKHSNryy-R3W8CjQSCh3l0YH30=/0x0:3669x2752/1310x983/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_image/image/68791681/1230415959.0.jpg"/>
<figcaption>
Students in Nairobi, Kenya, walk to school after the January reopening of a national school system closed since March 2020. | Simon Maina/AFP via Getty Images
</figcaption>
</figure>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
The pandemic is pushing families across the developing world into poverty and hunger.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Al0tbZ">
Even in the richest countries in the world, the <a href="https://www.vox.com/coronavirus-covid19">pandemic</a> has devastated millions. Many families are behind on rent and facing eviction; lines at food banks are at record highs; mental health is in a crisis.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="V8Rdo1">
Developing countries have faced the same challenges with far fewer resources to absorb them with. How have their people fared? There have been <a href="https://www.vox.com/future-perfect/21492321/global-extreme-poverty-getting-worse-hunger-death-covid-19">lots of attempts</a> to model or estimate the answer, but it’s not an easy thing to do. The global economic recession induced by Covid-19 is unlike past recessions. Some industries (like tourism) have been wiped out entirely, while others are doing fine. In developing countries, most people work in informal economies that are hard for the government to measure. For many countries, we only have aggregate data on consumption and income, which is hard to use for insight into the changes in daily life in poor households.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="hYOI9u">
A <a href="https://advances.sciencemag.org/content/7/6/eabe0997">new paper</a> aims to solve that problem in the most direct way possible — by surveying tens of thousands of people in developing countries about what Covid-19 has been like for them. The paper, by UC Berkeley’s Edward Miguel and UC Berkeley and the World Bank’s Dennis Egger along with more than a dozen co-authors, published Friday in <em>Science Advances</em>, gives us a new window into what it has been like to live through 2020 in Bangladesh, Burkina Faso, Colombia, Ghana, Kenya, Nepal, the Philippines, Rwanda, and Sierra Leone.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="TePWhF">
In short: It’s been awful.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="tlNnD2">
Across the 16<strong> </strong>areas surveyed (in some countries multiple areas were surveyed), a median of 70 percent of households reported a drop in income. Forty-five percent were forced to miss or reduce meals. Only 11 percent were able to access relief aid of any kind from governments or NGOs, and in some communities, it was zero percent. Measures of economic activity like business income suggest that in some areas, it dropped by half.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="p1pJDx">
“We find that the economic shock in these countries — where most people depend on casual labor to earn enough to feed their families — leads to deprivations that seem likely to generate excess future morbidity, mortality, and other adverse longer-term consequences,” the paper concludes, citing research that finds that children born in times of mass hunger have lifelong negative consequences.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="AysKqp">
This research adds to a growing body of research with one depressing conclusion: 2020 turned around years of progress in addressing global poverty, plunging many poor communities back into food insecurity and extremely low incomes. By talking to thousands of people on the phone, the study adds more detail on what that overall impact is like in individual households.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="bsmisi">
As the pandemic stretches into its second year, preventing mass starvation in affected areas should be a critical aid priority — or we are likely to see the ripple effects of the pandemic follow today’s hungry children through their entire lives.
</p>
<h3 id="hzh3Qs">
The survey of thousands of people in developing countries, explained
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="nfRGAL">
The data in the <em>Science Advances</em> paper was collected by phone survey. In the lower-middle-income countries where the researchers focused their efforts, cellphones are near-ubiquitous; even poor families typically have one. Still, randomly dialing phone numbers, as was done for seven of the 16<strong> </strong>samples that go into the paper, will skew the survey toward the well-off; to make that effect less of a problem, the other nine samples were taken from populations in earlier studies, including “formal and informal sector workers, agricultural laborers, small business enterprises, refugees, migrants, and their families.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="6jLvt7">
Starting in April 2020, researchers asked about how households were affected by Covid-19 and the<strong> </strong>economic effects of the worldwide disruptions it caused.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="3EWNb0">
Even as early as April, things were already bad: “48% of rural Kenyan households, 69% of landless agricultural households in Bangladesh, and 87% of rural households in Sierra Leone were forced to miss meals or reduce portion sizes to cope with the crisis,” the paper finds, which is a much higher rate of food insecurity than typical in the area —<strong> </strong>a 38 percent increase in adults missing meals and a 69% increase for children in Kenya, for instance.<strong> </strong>In rural Kenya, where more in-depth surveys were conducted, there are also signs of a rise in violence against women and children, though the sample was too small to draw confident conclusions.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="hzmzUw">
The effects did vary widely across countries and populations within a country. In some communities, as few as 11 percent of people reported a fall in income; in some, 87 percent did. But nowhere was unscathed, and in the average community, the harms of the pandemic were widespread and severe.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="0pQAKy">
The scariest part? When the pandemic is over, these effects will likely<strong> </strong>persist. First, many households that are going hungry spend down or sell off all of their assets in order to get food. That means that when the pandemic ends, they will have<strong> </strong>lost years or decades of assets and investments in their own productivity, such as cars<strong> </strong>and tools for farming.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="uc2v6N">
Additionally, research has found that famines and economic disruptions “follow” children who were deprived of food in utero and early childhood through their entire lives. Those children grow up to be less healthy, complete less school, and earn less money. “As a result, for LMICs [lower- and middle-income countries], the economic crisis precipitated by COVID-19 may become as much a public health and societal disaster as the pandemic itself,” the paper argues.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="EZYiB0">
It’s not too late to do anything; aid now could do a lot to reduce food insecurity and ensure that the populations in the direst straits get the resources they need. Unfortunately, NGOs and aid organizations are overstretched as well as greatly constrained by worries about spreading the virus through direct aid provision programs. <a href="https://live.givedirectly.org/newsfeed/search?search=Kenya+Covid-19#search">Giving people money works better</a>, and, of course, ending the pandemic through a worldwide vaccination program will work best of all — though aid will still be badly needed to restore the savings and assets spent down as families starved.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="AjLL28">
The picture painted by household surveys isn’t too different from the one that seemed likely, given <a href="https://www.vox.com/future-perfect/21492321/global-extreme-poverty-getting-worse-hunger-death-covid-19">what we already knew about collapses in economic activity</a>. But we shouldn’t let the fact that these results are not unexpected lead to policy neglect. The death toll of this pandemic should include not just those who’ve died of the virus but also those who’ve died of hunger as the world combated it — and that death toll, like the virus death toll, can be turned around through decisive, coordinated action.
</p></li>
<li><strong>Andrew Yang’s campaign is cutting ties with a fundraiser once accused of sexual misconduct</strong> -
<figure>
<img alt="A blue sign reading “Yang for New York”" src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/fm2NvUop7aMN9OSTXjgMAymjKgI=/366x0:6226x4395/1310x983/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_image/image/68790798/1296351635.0.jpg"/>
<figcaption>
Andrew Yang is a frontrunner in the race to become the next mayor of New York City. | Photo by Michael M. Santiago/Getty Images
</figcaption>
</figure>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
The NYC mayoral candidate’s campaign said it was unaware of the well-publicized allegations.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="cXrg4l">
Andrew Yang’s mayoral campaign is cutting ties with one of its fundraisers, Shervin Pishevar, an investor who stepped down from his own firm in 2017 after being accused of sexual misconduct, Recode has learned.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="mmdonO">
Pishevar, a venture capitalist who made a prescient early bet in Uber, was one of three dozen names the campaign announced as being on its host committee for a Tuesday fundraiser in support of Yang’s mayoral bid in New York City. But the campaign said on Monday evening that when it approved Pishevar as a co-host, it was unaware of the well-publicized allegations against him from three years ago, raising questions about the Yang campaign’s vetting process.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="rUJIge">
“Upon learning of these allegations this evening, we promptly removed Mr. Pishevar from the 35-person host committee,” a Yang spokesperson said on Monday evening.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="J3tgtG">
The spokesperson said Pishevar had yet to contribute to Yang. But campaigns typically closely scrutinize the people who serve on their host committees. Though they are not employed by the campaign, hosts offer their time and lend their credibility in pitching the event to friends and business contacts. <a href="https://www.cnn.com/2019/10/18/politics/pete-buttigieg-chicago-attorney-fundraiser/index.html">There is a history</a> of high-profile candidates cutting ties with fundraiser hosts who pose reputational problems to the campaign that they are trying to help.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="ndcKbE">
A representative for Pishevar declined to comment. “Excited to lend my support to <a href="https://twitter.com/AndrewYang"><span class="citation" data-cites="AndrewYang">@AndrewYang</span></a> for Mayor of NYC,” he tweeted last week. A source close to Pishevar, however, said he recently had tested positive for coronavirus and that he had postponed or withdrawn from events as he recovers.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="RpBNPB">
<a href="https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/ryanmac/tech-men-accused-sexual-misconduct-new-jobs-metoo">The tech industry has had to grapple </a>with whether or not to offer second chances to men who have admitted to or faced allegations of sexual misconduct. Not all incidents are alike, and there is a diversity of opinion in which leaders should be welcomed back into the industry, when that should happen, and what the standard should be for making sufficient amends.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="buQjk5">
Ellen Pao, a prominent leader in Silicon Valley who has tried to make the industry more equitable for women and minorities, said there were no easy answers.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="L0CnBQ">
“We have not decided how we want to repair things. Is Andrew Yang going to be the person who decides? Because their vetters didn’t know to look for this kind of stuff?” Pao said. “We’re on a path to just taking everyone back and having all the same problems all over again.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="1J36Rc">
Pishevar was accused of sexual assault and or harassment by five women, <a href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2017-12-01/uber-investor-shervin-pishevar-accused-of-sexual-misconduct-by-multiple-women?sref=Wg6QzS2e">Bloomberg reported in late 2017</a>. “In each case, the women accused Pishevar of exploiting a professional connection, and using the prospect of a job, mentorship or investment to make an unwanted sexual advance,” according to the news outlet.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="SJOhHd">
The allegations against Pishevar were among the most prominent #MeToo storylines in Silicon Valley. The claims went beyond unsolicited comments: Multiple women told Bloomberg that Pishevar forced himself onto them and kissed them, for instance.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="CqMDeW">
Pishevar’s representatives denied the allegations at the time, saying that he was “confident that these anecdotes will be shown to be untrue.” Pishevar was also dogged by a rape allegation published in the media that was <a href="https://www.fastcompany.com/40493814/smear-campaign-or-not-tech-investor-shervin-pishevar-really-was-arrested-earlier-this-year">later proven to be based on a falsified police report.</a> Pishevar <a href="https://www.vox.com/2017/12/14/16778218/shervin-pishevar-sherpa-capital-resign">stepped down from his firm</a>, Sherpa Capital, in the aftermath of the allegations in order to, he said, fight “the smear campaign against me.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="LrU3Bx">
There was political fallout from the stories, too. Pishevar had been a big fundraiser for Democrats, including for both of Barack Obama’s presidential campaigns. Some high-profile Democrats in 2017, like Cory Booker and Kamala Harris, <a href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2017-12-04/booker-harris-donate-pishevar-funds-after-misconduct-claims?sref=Wg6QzS2e">redirected the donations that Pishevar had given to their campaigns in the wake of the scandal.</a> For the next few years, he seemingly was out of the political fundraising game.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="urtZom">
But now Pishevar has has been slowly reemerging onto the public scene far from Silicon Valley — now in Miami, where he moved in the aftermath of the allegations. He has launched <a href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-10-21/an-uber-outcast-s-blank-check-company-is-set-to-go-public">several new business ventures</a> based in the city.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="BbOu0Q">
He has also been returning to the world of politics, as the Yang fundraiser shows. After the allegations emerged in late 2017, Pishevar’s political donations almost dried up. But in December 2020, he cut checks to the Republican candidates running for the Senate in Georgia, according to federal records. <a href="https://twitter.com/francissuarez/status/1356980846310395907?s=21">Pishevar has also been spending time with Miami’s tech-friendly mayor,</a> Francis Suarez, and helping him pitch the city to Silicon Valley transplants.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="oFrAeI">
Now he has developed ties to the possible next New York mayor. Yang is seen as a frontrunner in this fall’s mayoral race due to his national profile. He is popular, too, with tech executives: The event on Tuesday is billed as a conversation between Yang and <a href="https://www.vox.com/recode/2021/2/2/22261358/elon-musk-chamath-palihapitiya-tech-billionaires-gamestop-reddit">Chamath Palihapitiya, an early Facebook executive.</a> Other tech figures in both New York and the San Francisco Bay Area have signed up to co-host the virtual event.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="DSOMOj">
Tickets run from $100 to $2,000, according to a copy of the invitation.
</p></li>
<li><strong>The debate over who deserves a stimulus check, explained</strong> -
<figure>
<img alt="" src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/L1I4G4_tJbcw_SxhaZf2_Enf3a8=/199x0:3346x2360/1310x983/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_image/image/68788091/1230973039.0.jpg"/>
<figcaption>
Sen. Mitt Romney and Sen. Joe Manchin before a vote-a-rama on the Covid-19 relief package on February 4. | Bill Clark/CQ-Roll Call via Getty Images
</figcaption>
</figure>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
One new proposal to limit the $1,400 stimulus checks could cut roughly 40 million Americans from eligibility.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="KF77QJ">
As Congress continues to negotiate over the $1.9 trillion stimulus package, a group of bipartisan lawmakers has proposed more limited payments by lowering the income threshold for who gets the full $1,400 benefit.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="HwskCz">
Their proposal would begin phasing out the benefit for individuals earning over $50,000 and married couples earning more than $100,000. Previous stimulus checks had phaseout thresholds at $75,000 per individual and $150,000 per household.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="wght4N">
<a href="https://twitter.com/AOC/status/1357812394672730117?s=20">Several</a> <a href="https://replbr.medium.com/blunt-rochester-mckinley-introduce-1-400-direct-payment-covid-relief-bill-1786a916ee09">members</a> of Congress, from both parties, have argued for sticking to the original targeting. President Joe Biden, meanwhile, has signaled he’s open to revisiting the income thresholds, and on Sunday, <a href="https://thehill.com/homenews/sunday-talk-shows/537727-yellen-argues-for-60000-stimulus-check-threshold">Treasury Secretary Janet Yellen</a> broached the idea of restricting checks to those making $60,000 or less per year.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="qvyT7j">
Then, on Monday night, House Democrats on the Ways and Means Committee released their <a href="https://waysandmeans.house.gov/sites/democrats.waysandmeans.house.gov/files/documents/7.%20Tax_sxs.pdf">proposal</a>: a $1,400 benefit that would pay out along the same lines as the first two stimulus check, but with one difference. No individual earning more than $100,000 would get a check, and no couple earning more than $200,000 would get a check.
</p>
<div id="1HJ5z1">
<blockquote class="twitter-tweet">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" dir="ltr" lang="en">
“We’re just trying to make sure that people are truly in need, ok, so if they can show that $75,000, $150,000 are truly in need, it’s basically, they have adjusted gross income that’s how people get up to 250, 300. They want to solve that and put a hard stop. A hard stop.”
</p>
— Erica Werner (<span class="citation" data-cites="ericawerner">@ericawerner</span>) <a href="https://twitter.com/ericawerner/status/1358923850713563136?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">February 8, 2021</a>
</blockquote></div></li>
</ul>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="IXSR62">
But the debate isn’t over. Many of those advocating for more targeted aid say it is important to limit checks to<strong> </strong>lower-income people, who they see as most likely to spend the money quickly to help stimulate the economy and are also more likely to need it to meet everyday expenses.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="5Axqzp">
The recovery from the Covid-19 recession has been<strong> </strong>unequal. Higher-income Americans have been largely insulated from job losses, <a href="https://www.vox.com/22264268/covid-19-housing-insecurity-housing-prices-mortgage-rates-pandemic-zoning-supply-demand">homeowners have seen wealth grow</a>, and personal savings have increased over the course of the pandemic (in part as a result of previous stimulus measures). This has sparked concern among some<strong> </strong>lawmakers<strong> </strong>that the third round of checks should be more targeted so they don’t go to families who are already financially secure.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="BGvNmu">
But at the heart of the political debate is something less academic and more visceral: Who do lawmakers, and their constituents, think <em>deserves</em> a third stimulus payment?
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="eONthj">
In a Vox/DFP poll, 60 percent of Americans supported <a href="https://www.vox.com/22250471/poll-1400-stimulus-checks-2000-means-test-covid-19-congress-undocumented-immigrants">means-testing the stimulus checks</a>, agreeing with the statement: “Checks should be phased out based on income so higher-income people receive less money.” Opposition to the wealthy receiving financial assistance from the government isn’t surprising, but the popularity of means-testing this benefit helps explain why there’s such a fierce debate raging over what will likely be a relatively small part of Biden’s final package: Lawmakers and their constituents want “fairness,” even if they have a hard time defining what that is.
</p>
<h3 id="Lj8fQI">
The economic debate over targeting the checks
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Z6UJK1">
At the center of the economic debate over the stimulus checks is the question: What are the $1,400 payments for?
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="GJ0lGy">
These payments have commonly come to be known as “stimulus checks,” though their official name is Economic Impact Payments. So the question of who will use the money to positively affect the economy by immediately spending it has dominated the debate.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="FsZ6qq">
The Covid-19 recession is not like a normal recession — in many places, broad swaths of businesses are closed or have limited capacity. Even where they are open, many kinds of in-person economic activity, like dining indoors, attending large events, or browsing in crowded stores, are risky.<strong> </strong>Thus, many people are independently choosing to avoid the very types of economic activity that is needed for stimulus to work.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="bpQ9mT">
Some economists, like <a href="https://noahpinion.substack.com/p/covid-relief-isnt-stimulus-its-social">Noah Smith</a>, have argued that we should instead think of stimulus payments as social insurance. The goal of these payments could be to help those who have suffered financially in unseen ways but maybe weren’t laid off (e.g., took a pay cut at work, have to pay increased child care costs, have coronavirus-related medical expenses, quit their job to take care of their kids, etc.) and to make it less terrible to stay home during the pandemic and keep yourself away from your friends and family.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="iF5qKu">
Other economists — and many lawmakers — do not see the checks this way. They talk about them as “stimulus checks” meant to stimulate the economy by getting people to spend more. And part of the political viability of programs like these is proving that there’s a macroeconomic payoff.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="ER2A3h">
In an <a href="https://opportunityinsights.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/Oi_Secondstimulus_analysis.pdf">analysis</a> by Opportunity Insights, a research and policy institute based at Harvard University, researchers Raj Chetty, John Friedman, and Michael Stepner recommend “targeting the next round of stimulus payments toward lower-income households would save substantial resources that could be used to support other programs, with minimal impact on economic activity.” Their findings indicated that people with incomes greater than $78,000 spent only $45 of the $600 payment sent out in the second round in January<strong>.</strong>
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="qb0gOC">
This research has made the rounds on Capitol Hill, one senior Democratic aide told Vox, who spoke of the popularity of a Washington Post <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/2021/01/26/spending-stimulus-checks/">article</a> that reported on the findings with the headline: “Cutting off stimulus checks to Americans earning over $75,000 could be wise, new data suggests.”
</p>
<div class="c-float-right">
<figure class="e-image">
<img alt=" " src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/lJdxkagZLAjjoDnD7LAMoFVMILI=/800x0/filters:no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22288657/Screen_Shot_2021_02_07_at_10.37.49_PM.png"/> <cite>Opportunity Insights</cite>
</figure>
</div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="CXr9Io">
But some economists are pushing back<strong> </strong>for a few reasons.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="AMIJws">
First, there are questions over the data. Opportunity Insights is looking at spending within zip codes, not household data. That means the researchers aren’t actually comparing higher-income folks with lower-income folks, they’re comparing zip codes with residents whose average incomes are above $78,000 with those below $46,000. Thus, the within-zip code variation could be clouding their results.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Pcg961">
Friedman, one of the researchers and a Brown University economist, argues that variation within zip codes actually supports their hypothesis. He told Vox that in the top 25 percent of zip codes by median income, half of households in zip codes make less than $74,000. Since they observe such a small increase in spending following the distribution of the $600 checks, Friedman believes that lower-income residents are the ones who are actually driving spending in wealthier zip codes.<strong> </strong>
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="e5Bpf7">
The spending data comes only from consumer credit and debit card information. That means they have no record of cash payments or payments made by check. And the data also doesn’t track paying down debt like student loans, car payments, back-rent, or mortgage payments.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="QALuS1">
Friedman agreed this type of spending is valuable, but pointed out that payments that go toward servicing debt don’t have the direct stimulative effect that buying clothes, food, or other goods and services would.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="gNC7nV">
There’s also a debate about whether the income and ultimately spending the payments are really as tightly linked as the Opportunity Insights data suggests. Claudia Sahm, an economist who has worked at the Federal Reserve and the Council of Economic Advisors, argued against new income restrictions, <a href="https://stayathomemacro.substack.com/p/who-should-get-a-1400-check">pointing to</a> studies that find a stronger connection with liquidity (essentially, cash on hand) than income.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="oSzG8x">
“You could have a family earning $150,000 before the crisis and they could be earning $102,000 now … a $50,000 drop in income is a big hole,” Sahm told Vox. “Now, my heart might not bleed for them in the same way that it does for a single mom with three kids … but the reality is both of them cannot miss a paycheck without causing problems.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="2wFV76">
Jonathan Parker, an <a href="https://mitmgmtfaculty.mit.edu/japarker/research/">economist at MIT</a>, emphasized this point in an email, adding that Opportunity Insight’s research “does not answer the question as to whether higher-income people spend over a month instead of a few days”: People could be putting aside that money to spend later, for instance when there is mass vaccination. But he still argued against sending payments that aren’t strictly targeted to those with the greatest need.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="EAjSHJ">
“The typical household has more income and more wealth than before the pandemic began,” he wrote. “Even in aggregate, average income is up. Average and median account balances are up. … Credit card debt in aggregate is way down. The typical American is in great financial shape.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="EfR2sr">
Friedman emphasized that the economy will rebound quickly when the Covid-19 outbreaks are under control. “Once the public health situation recovers, my instinct is that the economy will snap back pretty quickly given how much extra savings people have,” he told me. “I’m not sure sending everyone a $1,400 check will make that much of a difference.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="gEhMXv">
This is where the academic debate collides with the political one. Lawmakers have neither the information nor the state capacity to perfectly target aid in the way that Opportunity Insights would prefer (and there’s extensive research that putting requirements on people to “prove” they need the money harms the people who need it most).
</p>
<h3 id="LZzqOB">
The political debate over targeting the checks
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="hv8Ajs">
The political debate over fairness is a subset of a larger debate over whether President Joe Biden’s $1.9 trillion stimulus package is too big.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="TL5tT6">
Much of the Republican caucus says it is, and this question became the center of chatter among economists, the White House, and Congress after former Treasury Secretary Larry Summers <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/2021/02/04/larry-summers-biden-covid-stimulus/">wrote an op-ed</a> in the Washington Post warning that the size of the package could cause inflation and reduce future spending on important priorities from “infrastructure to preschool education to renewable energy.” Vox’s Emily Stewart has <a href="https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/22268787/larry-summers-op-ed-biden-stimulus">covered this debate extensively</a>.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="q7vSn8">
But if the problem really is that Biden’s plan is too big, it does not appear that limiting who gets stimulus checks would make it much smaller. The proposal floated by some Democrats to limit check eligibility to individuals making under $50,000 and couples making under $100,000 would only save around $45 billion, according to reporting from the <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/2021/02/03/biden-stimulus-checks-what-you-need-to-know/">Washington Post</a>. (Opportunity Insights estimates that limiting the checks to households earning $78,000 or less would save $200 billion, but that still leaves a very sizable stimulus package for those worried about inflation.) Republicans have gone further, <a href="https://www.vox.com/22260255/senate-republicans-stimulus-plan">proposing reducing the benefit to $1,000</a> as well.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="qrIteK">
More than the deficit, what appears to be behind the “too big” debate is an age-old question about fairness. Last week, the Senate voted 99-1 in favor of a non-binding amendment put forth by Manchin to “ensure upper-income taxpayers are not eligible” for $1,400 checks. The amendment didn’t define upper-income, but Manchin is one of the co-sponsors of a bill to begin phasing out the benefit at $50,000.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="OC9zmQ">
No lawmaker wants to be seen as being on the side of the wealthy, or giving the “wrong people” money when so many are struggling, but the optics of the debate are threatening to overwhelm the actual policies being put forth. The real policy debate should be whether a person earning $51,000 should get the full benefit.
</p>
<div id="YlEvbu">
<blockquote class="twitter-tweet">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" dir="ltr" lang="en">
There is no reason the federal government should be sending stimulus checks to families making upwards of $300,000. <br/> <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/COVID19?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#COVID19</a> relief needs to be targeted at those folks who need it the most.
</p>
— Rob Portman (<span class="citation" data-cites="senrobportman">@senrobportman</span>) <a href="https://twitter.com/senrobportman/status/1357099323859861509?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">February 3, 2021</a>
</blockquote>
</div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="LTv1me">
Key Democratic leaders have suggested that they are open to some level of targeting. Sen. Ron Wyden, chair of the Finance committee, has signaled his desire to keep the checks at the current level, telling reporters: “I’m always willing to listen, but I’m opposed to it,” when asked about lowering the income threshold.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="5Rs5cX">
And Biden has made it clear that he feels Democrats owe Americans checks, after promising further direct aid if the party won both Senate seats (and control of the Senate) in Georgia’s January special election.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="FPkFDG">
Biden, in a call with House Democrats early last week, <a href="https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/congress/we-need-act-fast-biden-democrats-move-speed-process-pass-n1256636">said</a>: “We can’t walk away from additional $1,400 in direct checks we proposed because people need, and frankly, they’ve been promised it. Maybe we can — I think we can better target that number. I’m okay with that.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="ttfcMn">
But targeting will have consequences — including, perhaps, electoral ones. Sahm has estimated that if Democrats choose to lower the threshold to what Manchin and others are suggesting, roughly 40 million Americans who received the previous two checks will not receive one this time.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="6nmB8D">
“It’s the most visible part of the relief package,” one senior Democratic aide told Vox. “You may not see the spending on vaccines or on state and local aid, but if you’re expecting a check and don’t get one, you’ll know.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="gmaeb6">
<em>Ella Nilsen contributed reporting to this story. </em>
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="SSexmr">
</p>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-the-hindu-sports">From The Hindu: Sports</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Australia Open: Rafael Nadal, Ashleigh Barty advance in straight sets</strong> - Nadal finished off a 6-3 6-4,6-1 win in just under two hours in his first competitive match in months</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Ind vs Eng first Test in Chennai | Reverse swing was huge for us, says James Anderson</strong> - Anderson’s excellent mid-morning three-wicket burst blew away the Indian middle-order before the hosts were bundled out for 192.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Body language and intensity was not up to mark, no excuses, says Virat Kohli</strong> - Kohli also felt that India did not put enough pressure on England and leaked way too many runs.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>India slips to 4th position, England brightens WTC final prospects</strong> - India will now be looking to win at least two of the remaining three matches.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Cricket South Africa seeks redress from ICC after Australia no-show</strong> - Australia also pulled out of series against West Indies, Zimbabwe, Afghanistan and New Zealand since the pandemic started</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-the-hindu-national-news">From The Hindu: National News</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Uttarakhand glacier disaster: Toll rises to 31, race against time to rescue those trapped in tunnel</strong> - The workers have been trapped in the 12-ft-high and about 2.5-km-long ‘head race tunnel’ (HRT).</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Assam Assembly elections | Congress launches video contest on State’s biggest issues</strong> - The most relevant problems highlighted will make it to the party’s manifesto</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>As PM plans two Europe visits, Poland pitches for Warsaw stop</strong> - Envoy urges resumption of flights, bilateral talks</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Major fire in Maharashtra’s Taloja industrial area in Navi Mumbai</strong> - As per preliminary information, the blaze erupted at a factory and spread to three adjacent units that deal in acid, packaging and fabrication.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>SC stays HC ban on Fathima</strong> - She was barred from using any kind of media to share her views</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-bbc-europe">From BBC: Europe</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Two Holocaust historians face Polish court verdict</strong> - A controversial ban on defaming the nation is used to claim two historians libelled a wartime mayor.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Covid: Two tests for all UK arrivals during quarantine</strong> - Details of the new system, aimed at tracking cases and detecting new variants, will be set out later today.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Brexit effect: No custard creams for Brits in Europe</strong> - A British supermarket chain in Belgium is on the verge of closure with no deliveries since December.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>‘Pandora’s Box’ opened over UK-EU vaccine row, says Gove</strong> - Michael Gove says post-Brexit trade rules between Britain and Northern Ireland are not working.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>EU states expel three Russian diplomats in tit-for-tat</strong> - Three Russian diplomats have to leave Germany, Poland and Sweden after Russian anti-EU expulsions.</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-ars-technica">From Ars Technica</h1>
<ul>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Apple hardware chief Dan Riccio stepped down to focus on AR/VR</strong> - Also from the report: Apple may make its own displays for Macs, iPhones. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1740631">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Scary 22% vaccine efficacy in South Africa comes with heaps of caveats</strong> - South African data on AstraZeneca vaccine is as iffy as it is scary - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1740664">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Proposed Sec. 230 rewrite could have wide-ranging consequences</strong> - Sec. 230 reform bills are already pouring into this Congress. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1740477">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>US drops suit against Calif. net neutrality rule, but ISPs are still fighting it</strong> - California law still faces court challenge from broadband-industry lobby groups. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1740656">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Computer intruder tried to poison Florida city’s drinking water with lye</strong> - Change boosting sodium hydroxide level was reversed before anyone got hurt. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1740652">link</a></p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-jokes-subreddit">From Jokes Subreddit</h1>
<ul>
<li><strong>The nurse hands a man his newborn and says “I’m sorry, but your wife didn’t make it.”</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF -->
<div class="md">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
He responds “well give me the one my wife made.”
</p>
</div>
<!-- SC_ON -->
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/a_very_solid_potato"> /u/a_very_solid_potato </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/lfs4zq/the_nurse_hands_a_man_his_newborn_and_says_im/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/lfs4zq/the_nurse_hands_a_man_his_newborn_and_says_im/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
<li><strong>A priest, a Baptist minister, and a rabbit walk into the Red Cross to donate blood</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF -->
<div class="md">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
The nurse asks, what’s your blood type?
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
The rabbit says, “I’m probably a Type O”
</p>
</div>
<!-- SC_ON -->
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/cactusmittens"> /u/cactusmittens </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/lftvaf/a_priest_a_baptist_minister_and_a_rabbit_walk/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/lftvaf/a_priest_a_baptist_minister_and_a_rabbit_walk/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
<li><strong>“Doctor, I think I’m going deaf.”</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF -->
<div class="md">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Doctor said, “Describe the symptoms.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
</p><ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">“Well, Homer is bald, Marge has blue hair…”
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"></p>
</li></ul></div>
<!-- SC_ON -->
submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/isu_asenjo"> /u/isu_asenjo </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/lfd7fu/doctor_i_think_im_going_deaf/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/lfd7fu/doctor_i_think_im_going_deaf/">[comments]</a></span></li>
</ul>
<li><strong>Two factory workers are talking.</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF -->
<div class="md">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Two factory workers are talking. The woman says, “I can make the boss give me the day off.” The man replies, “And how would you do that?” The woman says, “Just wait and see.” She then hangs upside down from the ceiling. The boss comes in and says, “What are you doing?” The woman replies, “I’m a light bulb.” The boss then says, “You’ve been working so much that you’ve gone crazy. I think you need to take the day off.” The man starts to follow her and the boss says, “Where are you going?” The man says, “I’m going home, too. I can’t work in the dark.”
</p>
</div>
<!-- SC_ON -->
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/corporalcrocodile"> /u/corporalcrocodile </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/lfbu8n/two_factory_workers_are_talking/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/lfbu8n/two_factory_workers_are_talking/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
<li><strong>No one believes seniors . . . Everyone thinks they are senile</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF -->
<div class="md">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
An elderly couple was celebrating their sixtieth anniversary. The couple had married as childhood sweethearts and had moved back to their old neighborhood after they retired. Holding hands, they walked back to their old school. It was not locked, so they entered, and found the old desk they’d shared, where Jerry had carved I love you, Sally.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
On their way back home, a bag of money fell out of an armored car, practically landing at their feet. Sally quickly picked it up and, not sure what to do with it, they took it home. There, she counted the money - fifty thousand dollars!
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Jerry said, We’ve got to give it back.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Sally said, Finders keepers. She put the money back in the bag and hid it in their attic.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
The next day, two police officers were canvassing the neighborhood looking for the money, and knocked on their door. Pardon me, did either of you find a bag that fell out of an armored car yesterday?
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Sally said, No.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Jerry said, She’s lying. She hid it up in the attic.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Sally said, Don’t believe him, he’s getting senile
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
The agents turned to Jerry and began to question him.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
One said: Tell us the story from the beginning.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Jerry said, Well, when Sally and I were walking home from school yesterday ……
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
The first police officer turned to his partner and said, Were outta here!
</p>
</div>
<!-- SC_ON -->
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/jamesrush308"> /u/jamesrush308 </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/lfa5js/no_one_believes_seniors_everyone_thinks_they_are/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/lfa5js/no_one_believes_seniors_everyone_thinks_they_are/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
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