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<h1 data-aos="fade-down" id="covid-19-sentry">Covid-19 Sentry</h1>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" data-aos-anchor-placement="top-bottom" id="contents">Contents</h1>
<ul>
<li><a href="#from-preprints">From Preprints</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-clinical-trials">From Clinical Trials</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-pubmed">From PubMed</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-patent-search">From Patent Search</a></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-preprints">From Preprints</h1>
<ul>
<li><strong>Exploration of Hybrid Courses for Physical Education in Higher Education: A Case Study of Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics</strong> -
<div>
Purpose: Against the backdrop of technological advances, educational reforms, and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, hybrid courses have become increasingly popular in higher education in China. The study draws from existing theoretical knowledge and practical experiences to provide insights on the feasibility and potential benefits of using the hybrid course modality in physical education. It aims to investigate the applicability of the hybrid course modality in promoting undergraduate students’ engagement in physical education courses at Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics. Method: Literature review methods refer to the ways of searching for theoretical support related to the research topic from relevant secondary data. In this study, we extensively used this method to systematically review and analyze literature related to education and sports. Judgmental sampling was employed, where participants were deliberately selected based on specific qualities. The researcher formulated inclusion and exclusion criteria for participants and recruited students who met these criteria. Results: Hybrid courses are not widely used in China, and many students lack a fundamental understanding of them. Interviewed students displayed limited awareness of hybrid courses. The education system has experienced disruptions due to the epidemic, leading to the shift from face-to-face instruction to online distance learning. Students often confused the online and on-campus course mix due to the epidemic with the hybrid course modality. Discussion/Conclusion: The study focuses on the practical implications of the hybrid course modality to enhance physical education courses in Chinese higher education institutions. It explores how this modality can serve as a useful tool in such courses.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://edarxiv.org/hcevw/" target="_blank">Exploration of Hybrid Courses for Physical Education in Higher Education: A Case Study of Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Real-time identification of epistatic interactions in SARS-CoV-2 from large genome collections</strong> -
<div>
The emergence and rapid spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus has highlighted the importance of genomic epidemiology in understanding the evolution of pathogens and for guiding public health interventions. In particular, the Omicron variant underscored the role of epistasis in the evolution of lineages with both higher infectivity and immune escape, and therefore the necessity to update surveillance pipelines to detect them as soon as they emerge. In this study we applied a method based on mutual information (MI) between positions in a multiple sequence alignment (MSA), which is capable of scaling up to millions of samples. We showed how it could reliably predict known experimentally validated epistatic interactions, even when using as little as 10,000 sequences, which opens the possibility of making it a near real-time prediction system. We tested this possibility by modifying the method to account for sample collection date and applied it retrospectively to MSAs for each month between March 2020 and March 2023. We could detect a cornerstone epistatic interaction in the Spike protein between codons 498 and 501 as soon as 6 samples with a double mutation were present in the dataset, thus demonstrating the methods sensitivity. Lastly we provide examples of predicted interactions between genes, which are harder to test experimentally and therefore more likely to be overlooked. This method could become part of continuous surveillance systems tracking present and future pathogen outbreaks.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.22.554253v1" target="_blank">Real-time identification of epistatic interactions in SARS-CoV-2 from large genome collections</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Tensor decomposition reveals coordinated multicellular patterns of transcriptional variation that distinguish and stratify disease individuals</strong> -
<div>
Tissue- and organism-level biological processes often involve coordinated action of multiple distinct cell types. Current computational methods for the analysis of single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) data, however, are not designed to capture co-variation of cell states across samples, in part due to the low number of biological samples in most scRNA-seq datasets. Recent advances in sample multiplexing have enabled population-scale scRNA-seq measurements of tens to hundreds of samples. To take advantage of such datasets, here we introduce a computational approach called single-cell Interpretable Tensor Decomposition (scITD). This method extracts “multicellular gene expression patterns” that capture how sample-specific expression states of a cell type are correlated with the expression states of other cell types. Such multicellular patterns can reveal molecular mechanisms underlying coordinated changes of different cell types within the tissue, and can be used to stratify individuals in a clinically-relevant and reproducible manner. We first validated the performance of scITD using in vitro experimental data and simulations. We then applied scITD to scRNA-seq data on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from 115 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and 56 healthy controls. We recapitulated a well-established pan-cell-type signature of interferon-signaling that was associated with the presence of anti-dsDNA autoantibodies and a disease activity index. We further identified a novel multicellular pattern linked to nephritis, which was characterized by an expansion of activated memory B cells along with helper T cell activation. Our approach also sheds light on ligand-receptor interactions potentially mediating these multicellular patterns. As validation, we demonstrated that these expression patterns also stratified donors from a pediatric SLE dataset by the same phenotypic attributes. Lastly, we found the interferon multicellular pattern and others to be conserved in a COVID-19 dataset, pointing to the presence of both general and disease-specific patterns of inter-individual immune variation. Overall, scITD is a flexible method for exploring co-variation of cell states in multi-sample single-cell datasets, which can yield new insights into complex non-cell-autonomous dependencies that define and stratify disease.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.16.480703v2" target="_blank">Tensor decomposition reveals coordinated multicellular patterns of transcriptional variation that distinguish and stratify disease individuals</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Hydroxychloroquine: balancing the needs of LMICs during the COVID-19 pandemic</strong> -
<div>
I want to thank the Editor for bringing attention to the effect of a potential shortage of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) on existing patients with autoimmune diseases during the current COVID-19 crisis [1]. The drug has shown some promising results against SARS-CoV-2, although more testing needs to be done. However, hydroxychloroquine is also an effective medication for patients with autoimmune disorders like systemic lupus erythematosus [2].
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://osf.io/4vubt/" target="_blank">Hydroxychloroquine: balancing the needs of LMICs during the COVID-19 pandemic</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Conspiracies will not pay you off</strong> -
<div>
Using a representative sample of 1682 Slovaks, the study investigated antecedents and negative consequences for personal finances of the endorsement of conspiracy theories. As a part of the first wave of a longitudinal study monitoring social and psychological impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic, participants responded to questions concerning their socio-demographic status, generic conspiracy mentality, COVID-related conspiracies, financial wellbeing, predictions about economic situation and willingness to change financial behaviour. The results show that people who experience more financial anxiety and consider their socio-economic status as lower endorse conspiracy theories more often. They are also more pessimistic about economic development in general and, unlike in models without conspiracy theories, less likely to make adaptive decisions that could alleviate precarious economic conditions they experience. By linking the endorsement of conspiracy theories with precarious economic conditions, the study offers a preliminary explanation of the uncontrollable spread of conspiracy theories in countries with high prevalence of economic insecurity such as Slovakia. The findings have far-reaching practical implications for developing tailored interventions protecting those most vulnerable from endorsing conspiracies and, consequently, from making decisions that would further perpetuate poverty and financial anxiety.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://psyarxiv.com/snv7m/" target="_blank">Conspiracies will not pay you off</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>RCT-based Social Return on Investment (SROI) of a home exercise programme for people with early dementia comparing in-person and blended delivery before and during the COVID-19 pandemic</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Background: Regular exercise and community engagement may slow the rate of function loss for people with dementia. However, the evidence is uncertain regarding the cost-effectiveness and social return on investment (SROI) of home exercise with community referral for people with dementia. This study aimed to compare the social value generated from the in-person PrAISED programme delivered before March 2020 with a blended PrAISED programme delivered after March 2020. Methods: SROI analysis was conducted alongside a randomised controlled trial (RCT). Of 205 patient participants and their carers who completed cost data, 61 completed an in-person programme before March 2020. Due to COVID-19 pandemic restrictions, 144 patient participants completed a blended programme consisting of a combination of in-person visits, phone calls and video conferencing with multidisciplinary team (MDT) members. SROI analysis compared in-person and blended delivery formats. Five relevant and material outcomes were identified: three outcomes for patient participants (fear of falling, health-related quality of life, and social connection); one outcome for carer participants (carer strain index), and one outcome for the NHS (health service resource use). Data were collected at baseline and a 12-month follow-up. Results: The in-person PrAISED programme generated SROI ratios ranging from 0.58 Great Britain Pound (GBP) to 2.33 GBP for every 1 GBP invested. In-person PrAISED patient participants gained social value from improved health-related quality of life, social connection, and less fear of falling. In-person PrAISED carer participants acquired social value from less carer strain. The NHS gained benefit from less health care service resource use. However, the blended PrAISED programme generated lower SROI ratios ranging from a negative ratio to 0.08 GBP : 1 GBP. Conclusion: Compared with the blended programme, the PrAISED in-person programme generated higher SROI ratios for people with early dementia. During the COVID-19 pandemic and its restrictions, a blended delivery of the programme and the curtailment of community activities resulted in lower SROI ratios during this period. An in-person PrAISED intervention with community referral is likely to provide better value for money than a blended one with limited community referral, despite the greater costs of the former.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.25.23294408v1" target="_blank">RCT-based Social Return on Investment (SROI) of a home exercise programme for people with early dementia comparing in-person and blended delivery before and during the COVID-19 pandemic</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Risk factors for SARS-Cov-2 infection at a United Kingdom electricity-generating company: a test-negative design case-control study</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Objectives Identify workplace risk factors for SARS-Cov-2 infection, using data collected by a United Kingdom electricity-generating company. Methods Using a test-negative design case-control study we estimated the odds ratios (OR) of infection by job category, site, test reason, sex, vaccination status, vulnerability, site outage, and site COVID-19 weekly risk rating, adjusting for age, test date and test type. Results From an original 80,077 COVID-19 tests, there were 70,646 included in the final analysis. Most exclusions were due to being visitor tests (5,030) or tests after an individual first tested positive (2,968). Women were less likely to test positive than men (OR=0.71; 95% confidence interval=0.58-0.86). Test reason was strongly associated with positivity and although not a cause of infection itself, due to differing test regimes by area it was a strong confounder for other variables. Compared to routine tests, tests due to symptoms were highest risk (94.99; 78.29-115.24), followed by close contacts (16.73; 13.80-20.29) and looser work contacts 2.66 (1.99-3.56). After adjustment, we found little difference in risk by job category, but some differences by site with three sites showing substantially lower risks, and one site showing higher risks in the final model. Conclusions Infection risk was not associated with job category. Vulnerable individuals were at slightly lower risk, tests during outages were higher risk, vaccination showed no evidence of an effect on testing positive, and site COVID-19 risk rating did not show an ordered trend in positivity rates.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.25.23294609v1" target="_blank">Risk factors for SARS-Cov-2 infection at a United Kingdom electricity-generating company: a test-negative design case-control study</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Mucosal antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 booster vaccination and breakthrough infection</strong> -
<div>
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines have saved millions of lives. However, variants of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) have emerged causing large numbers of breakthrough infections. These developments necessitated the rollout of COVID-19 vaccine booster doses. It has been reported that mucosal antibody levels in the upper respiratory tract, especially for secretory IgA (sIgA), correlate with protection from infection with SARS-CoV-2. However, it is still unclear how high levels of mucosal antibodies can be induced. In this study, we measured serum IgG, saliva IgG and saliva sIgA responses in individuals who received COVID-19 mRNA booster vaccinations or who experienced breakthrough infections. We found that mRNA booster doses could induce robust serum and saliva IgG responses, especially in individuals who had not experienced infections before, but saliva sIgA responses were weak. In contrast, breakthrough infections in individuals who had received the primary mRNA vaccination series induced robust serum and saliva IgG as well as saliva sIgA responses. Individuals who had received a booster dose and then had a breakthrough infection showed low IgG induction in serum and saliva but still responded with robust saliva sIgA induction. These data suggest that upper respiratory tract exposure to antigen is an efficient way of inducing mucosal sIgA while exposure via intramuscular injection is not.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.24.554732v1" target="_blank">Mucosal antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 booster vaccination and breakthrough infection</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>An After-Action Review of COVID-19 Cases and Mitigation Measures at US Mission India, March 2020-July 2021</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Introduction Between March 2020-June 2021, over 30 million COVID-19 cases were reported in India. We assessed the COVID-19 response across the US Mission India (US Embassy New Delhi, US Consulates – Mumbai, Hyderabad, Chennai and Kolkata) to plan future mitigation efforts and fill gaps in knowledge about COVID-19 transmission in a unique community like the US Mission. Method We described COVID-19 mitigation activities undertaken by the five US Mission India posts and conducted a secondary analysis of case investigation and contact tracing program data collected by the Health Unit from March 2020–July 2021. Results US Mission in India, in collaboration with multiple internal agencies, initiated COVID-19 mitigation activities in March 2020. Activities included educational sessions, training for infection prevention and control, health and safety assessments, and the development of standard operating procedures (SOPs). The Health Unit and US CDC India office initiated COVID-19 case investigations and conducted contact tracing. Between March 2020-July 2021, 636 COVID-19 cases (72% males), including 48 clusters (size range 2-10 cases), were reported. Overall case fatality rate was 1.5%. Of case patients, 82% (523) were Indians, and 18% (113) were Americans. On presentation, 22% (138/625) of cases were asymptomatic. The median time from symptom onset to notification to the Health Unit was three days (Interquartile range 1-5). The Health Unit identified 2,484 contacts (positivity rate 25%). Frequency of case presentation in the US Mission India closely resembled the pattern of COVID-19 waves in India. The attack rates ranged over the time period between 10-19%, the highest at 19% in Delhi. Conclusions COVID-19 mitigation strategies were implemented in collaboration with multiple agencies and helped prevent the transmission of COVID-19 and large COVID-19 clusters in the US Mission India.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.24.23294557v1" target="_blank">An After-Action Review of COVID-19 Cases and Mitigation Measures at US Mission India, March 2020-July 2021</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Host behaviour driven by awareness of infection risk amplifies the chance of superspreading events</strong> -
<div>
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We demonstrate that heterogeneity within host populations in the perceived risks associated with infection can amplify the chance that superspreading occurs during the crucial, early stages of an epidemic. Under our behavioural model, individuals who are less concerned about the risks of infection are more likely to be infected and to attend larger sized events. For directly communicable diseases, such as COVID-19, this leads to infections being introduced at rates above the population prevalence to events that are most conducive to superspreading, for fixed overall transmission levels. We develop a computational framework for evaluating within-event risks and derive a small-scale reproduction number to measure how introductions and transmission heterogeneities determine the number of infections resulting from an event of given duration. This generalises earlier frameworks and both quantifies and clarifies how event-scale dynamics depend on population-level characteristics. As event duration and size increase, our reproduction number converges to the widely used basic reproduction number, R0. We show that even moderate levels of heterogeneity in the perceived risks associated with infection can substantially increase the risk that disproportionately large numbers of infections are generated at larger events, as compared to assuming homogeneous perceptions of risk across the host population. Behavioural dynamics, which remain understudied in the context of epidemiological modelling, are essential to consider when assessing the risk posed by an invading pathogen in the early stages of an infectious disease epidemic.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.25.23294423v1" target="_blank">Host behaviour driven by awareness of infection risk amplifies the chance of superspreading events</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Protection conferred by COVID-19 vaccination, prior SARS-CoV-2 infection, or hybrid immunity against Omicron-associated severe outcomes among community-dwelling adults</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Introduction: We assessed protection conferred by COVID-19 vaccines and/or prior SARS-CoV-2 infection against Omicron-associated severe outcomes during successive sublineage-predominant periods. Methods: We used a test-negative design to estimate protection by vaccines and/or prior infection against hospitalization/death among community-dwelling, PCR-tested adults aged &gt;50 years in Ontario, Canada between January 2, 2022 and June 30, 2023. Multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate the relative change in the odds of hospitalization/death with each vaccine dose (2-5) and/or prior PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection (compared with unvaccinated, uninfected subjects) up to 15 months since the last vaccination or infection. Results: We included 18,526 cases with Omicron-associated severe outcomes and 90,778 test-negative controls. Vaccine protection was high during BA.1/BA.2 predominance, but was generally &lt;50% during periods of BA.4/BA.5 and BQ/XBB predominance without boosters. A third/fourth dose transiently increased protection during BA.4/BA.5 predominance (third-dose, 6-month: 68%, 95%CI 63%-72%; fourth-dose, 6-month: 80%, 95%CI 77%-83%), but was lower and waned quickly during BQ/XBB predominance (third-dose, 6-month: 59%, 95%CI 48%-67%; 12-month: 49%, 95%CI 41%-56%; fourth-dose, 6-month: 62%, 95%CI 56%-68%, 12-months: 51%, 95%CI 41%-56%). Hybrid immunity conferred nearly 90% protection throughout BA.1/BA.2 and BA.4/BA.5 predominance, but was reduced during BQ/XBB predominance (third-dose, 6-month: 60%, 95%CI 36%-75%; fourth-dose, 6-month: 63%, 95%CI 42%-76%). Protection was restored with a fifth dose (bivalent; 6-month: 91%, 95%CI 79%-96%). Prior infection alone did not confer lasting protection. Conclusion: Protection from COVID-19 vaccines and/or prior SARS-CoV-2 infections against severe outcomes is reduced when immune-evasive variants/subvariants emerge and may also wane over time. Our findings support a variant-adapted booster vaccination strategy with periodic review.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.24.23294503v1" target="_blank">Protection conferred by COVID-19 vaccination, prior SARS-CoV-2 infection, or hybrid immunity against Omicron-associated severe outcomes among community-dwelling adults</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Should Health Communication During the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic Emphasize Self- or Other-Focused Impacts of Mitigation Behaviors? Insights from Two Message Matching Studies</strong> -
<div>
Mask-wearing, social distancing, and vaccination remain effective ways to mitigate the spread of COVID-19. Yet, many hesitate to enact some or all these preventive behaviors. We created three persuasive messages—framed to promote benefits to either 1) oneself, 2) close-others, or 3) distant-others—to determine whether the effectiveness of these messages varied based on personality differences (specifically independent/interdependent self-construal and chronic construal level). In two online experiments (N = 862), we measured individual differences and showed participants one of the three messages. Consistent interactions between interdependent self-construal and message conditions showed that those high in interdependent self-construal responded most positively to the self-focused messages promoting mask-wearing, social distancing, and COVID-19 vaccination. Those low in interdependent self-construal responded most negatively to the self-focused messages. Although no interaction effect was observed for independent self-construal, and inconsistent evidence emerged for construal level, other-focused messages performed either better or equally well to the self-focused messages for most participants and may thus be promising for future public health communication efforts.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://psyarxiv.com/2ysn5/" target="_blank">Should Health Communication During the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic Emphasize Self- or Other-Focused Impacts of Mitigation Behaviors? Insights from Two Message Matching Studies</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Respiratory symptoms after coalmine fire and pandemic: a longitudinal analysis of the Hazelwood Health Study adult cohort</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Background Extreme but discrete fine particle &lt;2.5μm (PM<sub>2.5</sub>) exposure is associated with higher prevalence of respiratory symptoms. It is unknown whether these effects abate, persist, or worsen over time, nor whether COVID-19 exacerbates PM<sub>2.5</sub> effects. Methods We analysed longitudinal survey data from a cohort residing near a 2014 coalmine fire in regional Australia. A 2016/2017 survey included n=4,056 participants, of whom n=612 were followed-up in 2022. Items include questions about 7 respiratory symptoms, history of COVID-19, and time-location diaries that were combined with geospatial models of fire-related PM<sub>2.5</sub>. Associations were examined using logistic and mixed-effects logistic regressions. Results PM<sub>2.5</sub> exposure predicted higher prevalence of chronic cough and current wheeze 2-3 years post-fire. At the 2022 follow-up, PM<sub>2.5</sub> exposure was associated with worsening prevalence of chronic cough and possibly current wheeze. While were no detectable interaction effects between PM<sub>2.5</sub> and COVID-19, participants with a history of COVID-19 exhibited more significant associations between PM<sub>2.5</sub> exposure and respiratory symptoms. Discussion Short-term but extreme PM<sub>2.5</sub> may increase the long-term prevalence of chronic cough, while COVID-19 may exacerbate the effect on other respiratory symptoms.
</p>
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<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.23.23294510v1" target="_blank">Respiratory symptoms after coalmine fire and pandemic: a longitudinal analysis of the Hazelwood Health Study adult cohort</a>
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<li><strong>The Risk of Mpox (Monkeypox) Importation and Subsequent Outbreak Potential in Mainland China: A Retrospective Statistical Modelling Study</strong> -
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The 2022 mpox outbreak has spread rapidly across multiple countries in the non-endemic region, mainly among men who have sex with men (MSM), while China only has limited recorded importation and no local outbreak. We constructed probabilistic models to simulate the risk of mpox importation in mainland China, with the help of reported monkeypox cases during this multi-country outbreak and the international air-travel data. And we further evaluated the mpox outbreak potential given that undetected mpox infections were introduced into men who have sex with men, considering different transmissibility, population immunity and population activity. We found that the reduced international air-travel volume and stringent border entry policy decreased about 94% and 69% mpox importations respectively. Once a mpox case is introduced into active MSM population with almost no population immunity, the risk of triggering local transmission is estimated at 42%, and would rise to &gt;95% with over six cases. Our study demonstrates the key role of the reduced international air-travel volume and stringent border entry policy during the COVID-19 pandemic on reducing mpox importations, and the subsequent risk of triggering local outbreaks among MSM.
</p>
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<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.24.23294530v1" target="_blank">The Risk of Mpox (Monkeypox) Importation and Subsequent Outbreak Potential in Mainland China: A Retrospective Statistical Modelling Study</a>
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<li><strong>Serological surveillance reveals a high exposure to SARS-CoV-2 and altered immune response among COVID-19 unvaccinated Cameroonian individuals</strong> -
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Background Surveillance of COVID-19/SARS-CoV-2 dynamics is crucial to understanding natural history and providing insights into the population’s exposure risk and specific susceptibilities. This study investigated the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, its predictors, and immunological status among unvaccinated patients in Cameroon. Materials and Methods A multicentre cross-sectional study was conducted between January and September 2022 in the town of Douala. Patients were consecutively recruited, and data of interest were collected using a questionnaire. Blood samples were collected to determine Immunoglobin titres (IgM and IgG) by ALFA, CD4+ cells by flow cytometry, and interferon gamma (IFN- γ) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) by ELISA. Results A total of 342 patients aged 41.5 ± 13.9 years were included. Most participants (75.8%) were asymptomatic. The overall prevalence of IgM and IgG was 49.1% and 88.9%, respectively. Ageusia and anosmia have displayed the highest positive predictive values (90.9% and 82.4%) and specificity (98.9% and 98.3%). The predictors of IgM seropositivity were being aged 60 – 70 years (aOR = 0.54, p = 0.02) and ageusia (aOR = 9.31, p = 0.01), whereas those of IgG seropositivity included health facility (aOR = 0.23, p = 0.02) and ageusia (aOR = 0.21, p = 0.04). CD4+, IFN-γ, and IL-6 were impaired in seropositive individuals, with a confounding role of socio-demographic factors or comorbidities. Conclusion Although the WHO declared the end of COVID-19 as a public health emergency, the findings of this study indicate the need for continuous surveillance to adequately control the disease in Cameroon.
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<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.24.23294559v1" target="_blank">Serological surveillance reveals a high exposure to SARS-CoV-2 and altered immune response among COVID-19 unvaccinated Cameroonian individuals</a>
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<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-clinical-trials">From Clinical Trials</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>THE EFFECT OF ARGININE AND GLUTAMINE ON COVID-19 PATIENTS OUTCOME: A RANDOMIZED CLINICAL TRIAL</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Dietary Supplement: Neomune<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   Universitas Sriwijaya;   M. Djamil General Hospital<br/><b>Completed</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Study of Obeldesivir in Children and Adolescents With COVID-19</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Drug: Obeldesivir<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Gilead Sciences<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>KAND567 Versus Placebo in Subjects Hospitalized With COVID-19</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   Covid19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Drug: KAND567;   Drug: Microcrystalline cellulose<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Kancera AB<br/><b>Terminated</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Immunogenicity and Safety of AdCLD-CoV19-1 OMI as a Booster: A COVID-19 Preventive Vaccine in Healthy Volunteers</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>:   COVID-19;   Vaccines<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Biological: AdCLD-CoV19-1 OMI;   Biological: Comirnaty Bivalent 0.1mg/mL (tozinameran and riltozinameran)<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Cellid Co., Ltd.<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A Pilot Clinical Evaluation of Astepro® Nasal Spray for Management of Early SARS-CoV-2 Infection</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Drug: Experimental: Primary Cohort;   Other: Placebo Comparator: Primary Cohort - Placebo<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   University of Chicago<br/><b>Active, not recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Using Text Messages to Boost COVID-19 Vaccine Booking Rate</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>:   Vaccination Hesitancy;   COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Behavioral: Behavioural science-informed text messages;   Behavioral: Control<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   The Behavioural Insights Team;   Public Health England;   Department of Health and Social Care;   NHS England and NHS Improvement<br/><b>Completed</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Digital Health Literacy on COVID-19 for All: Co-creation and Evaluation of Interventions for Ethnic Minorities and Chinese People With Chronic Illnesses in Hong Kong</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>:   Digital Health Literacy;   COVID-19<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Behavioral: Digital health literacy intervention<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   The Hong Kong Polytechnic University<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Ivermectin to Prevent SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) Hospitalisation in Subjects Over 50</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>:   COVID-19;   SARS-CoV-2<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Drug: Ivermectin;   Drug: Placebo<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Insud Pharma<br/><b>Terminated</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Methylprednisolone in Patients With Cognitive Deficits in Post-COVID-19 Syndrome (PCS)</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   Post-COVID-19 Syndrome<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Drug: Methylprednisolone<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Charite University, Berlin, Germany<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>COVID-19 Vaccination Hesitancy in Adults With Sickle Cell Disease</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>:   Sickle Cell Disease;   COVID-19 Vaccine;   Vaccine Hesitancy<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Behavioral: SCD-specific COVID-19 vaccination information (SCVI) video<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   Duke University;   American Society of Hematology<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Leveraging Community Health Workers to Combat COVID-19 and Mental Health Misinformation in Haiti, Malawi, and Rwanda</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>:   Mental Health;   COVID-19;   Misinformation<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Behavioral: Card-Sorting Activity (Pre-intervention design);   Behavioral: SMS Crafting (Pre-intervention design);   Behavioral: SMS Messaging<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   Harvard Medical School (HMS and HSDM);   Partners in Health<br/><b>Active, not recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Effect of Pulmonary Rehabilitation Among Post-COVID-19 Patients in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Bangladesh</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   Pulmonary Pathology<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Behavioral: Pulmonary Rehabilitation<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, Bangladesh<br/><b>Active, not recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A Study to Learn About New COVD-19 RNA Vaccine Candidates for New Varients in Healthy Individuals</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>:   SARS-CoV-2 Infection;   COVID-19<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Biological: BNT162b2 (Omi XBB.1.5)<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   BioNTech SE;   Pfizer<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Pulmonary Artery Pressure in COVID-19 Survivors</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   Pulmonary Hypertension Secondary<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Diagnostic Test: right heart catheterization (RHC).<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Mansoura University Hospital<br/><b>Enrolling by invitation</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Preliminary Efficacy of a Technology-based Physical Activity Intervention for Older Korean Adults During the COVID-19 Pandemic</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>:   Cardiovascular Health;   Physical Function<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Behavioral: Golden Circle<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign<br/><b>Completed</b></p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-pubmed">From PubMed</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Azvudine and mortality in patients with coronavirus disease 2019: A retrospective cohort study</strong> - CONCLUSION: Our results reveal that in patients with COVID-19, FNC administration was associated with a significantly reduced 28-day mortality.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Hexamethylene Amiloride Binds the SARS-CoV-2 Envelope Protein at the Protein-Lipid Interface</strong> - The SARS-CoV-2 envelope (E) protein forms a five-helix bundle in lipid bilayers whose cation-conducting activity is associated with the inflammatory response and respiratory distress symptoms of COVID-19. E channel activity is inhibited by the drug 5-(N,N-hexamethylene) amiloride (HMA). However, the binding site of HMA in E has not been determined. Here we use solid-state NMR to measure distances between HMA and the E transmembrane domain (ETM) in lipid bilayers. ^(13) C, ^(15) N-labeled HMA is…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Effectiveness of Bivalent Omicron-Containing Booster Vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Variant among Individuals with and without Prior SARS-CoV-2 Infection</strong> - In this study, we evaluated the effectiveness of the bivalent mRNA COVID-19 vaccines against the Omicron variant in individuals with or without prior SARS-CoV-2 infection history. We assessed the SARS-CoV-2-specific neutralizing antibody in serum samples by surrogate virus neutralizing assay (sVNT) and determined the serum’s neutralizing capacity against the Omicron BA.5 by a plaque reduction neutralizing test (PRNT50). The results of the sVNT assay demonstrate a higher percentage of inhibition…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Evaluation of Nafamostat as Chemoprophylaxis for SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Hamsters</strong> - The successful development of a chemoprophylaxis against SARS-CoV-2 could provide a tool for infection prevention that is implementable alongside vaccination programmes. Nafamostat is a serine protease inhibitor that inhibits SARS-CoV-2 entry in vitro, but it has not been characterised for chemoprophylaxis in animal models. Clinically, nafamostat is limited to intravenous delivery and has an extremely short plasma half-life. This study sought to determine whether intranasal dosing of nafamostat…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Interchangeability of the Assays Used to Assess the Activity of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Monoclonal Antibodies</strong> - The recent global COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 lasted for over three years. A key measure in combatting this pandemic involved the measurement of the monoclonal antibody (mAb)-mediated inhibition of binding between the spike receptor-binding domain (RBD) and hACE2 receptor. Potency assessments of therapeutic anti-SARS-CoV-2 mAbs typically include binding or cell-based neutralization assays. We assessed the inhibitory activity of five anti-SARS-CoV-2 mAbs using ELISA, surface plasmon…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Phenothiazines Inhibit SARS-CoV-2 Entry through Targeting Spike Protein</strong> - Novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a respiratory disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has brought an unprecedented public health crisis and continues to threaten humanity due to the persistent emergence of new variants. Therefore, developing more effective and broad-spectrum therapeutic and prophylactic drugs against infection by SARS-CoV-2 and its variants, as well as future emerging CoVs, is urgently needed. In this study, we screened several…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Clinical Utility of SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Titer Multiplied by Binding Avidity of Receptor-Binding Domain (RBD) in Monitoring Protective Immunity and Clinical Severity</strong> - Conventional serum antibody titer, which expresses antibody level, does not provide antigen binding avidity of the variable region of the antibody, which is essential for the defense response to infection. Here, we quantified anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody binding avidity to the receptor-binding domain (RBD) by competitive binding-inhibition activity (IC50) between SARS-CoV-2 S1 antigen immobilized on the DCP microarray and various RBD doses added to serum and expressed as 1/IC50 nM. The binding…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Airway Epithelial-Derived Immune Mediators in COVID-19</strong> - The airway epithelium, which lines the conducting airways, is central to the defense of the lungs against inhaled particulate matter and pathogens such as SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19. Recognition of pathogens results in the activation of an innate and intermediate immune response which involves the release of cytokines and chemokines by the airway epithelium. This response can inhibit further viral invasion and influence adaptive immunity. However, severe COVID-19 is characterized…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong><em>Lavandula austroapennina</em>: Assessment of the Antiviral Activity of Lipophilic Extracts from Its Organs</strong> - In a framework aimed at the recovery and enhancement of medicinal plants endemic to the territory of the Cilento and Vallo di Diano National Park, Lavandula austroapennina N.G. Passal., Tundis and Upson has aroused interest. An insight into the chemical composition of the corolla, calyx, leaf, stem, and root organs was carried out following ultrasound-assisted maceration in n-hexane. The obtained lipophilic extracts were explored using ultra-high-performance chromatography coupled to…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Antiviral Effect of Candies Containing Persimmon-Derived Tannin against SARS-CoV-2 Delta Strain</strong> - Inactivation of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in the mouth has the potential to reduce the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), due to the virus being readily transmitted by dispersed saliva. Persimmon-derived tannin has strong antioxidant and antimicrobial activity owing to its strong adhesion to proteins, and it also exhibited antiviral effects against non-variant and Alpha-variant SARS-CoV-2 in our previous study. In this study, we first demonstrated…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Immunogenicity of Mix-and-Match CoronaVac/BNT162b2 Regimen versus Homologous CoronaVac/CoronaVac Vaccination: A Single-Blinded, Randomized, Parallel Group Superiority Trial</strong> - (1) Background: This study aimed to compare the immunogenicity of the mix-and-match CoronaVac/BNT162b2 vaccination to the homologous CoronaVac/CoronaVac regimen. (2) Methods: We conducted a simple-blinded randomized superiority trial to measure SARS-CoV-2 neutralization antibodies and anti-spike receptor binding domain (RBD) IgG concentrations in blood samples of participants who had received the first dose of CoronaVac vaccine followed by a dose of BNT162b2 or CoronaVac vaccine. The primary…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>New Imidazolium Alkaloids with Broad Spectrum of Action from the Marine Bacterium <em>Shewanella aquimarina</em></strong> - The continuous outbreak of drug-resistant bacterial and viral infections imposes the need to search for new drug candidates. Natural products from marine bacteria still inspire the design of pharmaceuticals. Indeed, marine bacteria have unique metabolic flexibility to inhabit each ecological niche, thus expanding their biosynthetic ability to assemble unprecedented molecules. The One-Strain-Many-Compounds approach and tandem mass spectrometry allowed the discovery of a Shewanella aquimarina…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Medications Modulating the Acid Sphingomyelinase/Ceramide System and 28-Day Mortality among Patients with SARS-CoV-2: An Observational Study</strong> - Prior evidence indicates the potential central role of the acid sphingomyelinase (ASM)/ceramide system in the infection of cells with SARS-CoV-2. We conducted a multicenter retrospective observational study including 72,105 adult patients with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection who were admitted to 36 AP-HP (Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris) hospitals from 2 May 2020 to 31 August 2022. We examined the association between the ongoing use of medications functionally inhibiting acid…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Protective Role of Vitamin K3 on SARS-CoV-2 Structural Protein-Induced Inflammation and Cell Death</strong> - The structure proteins of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), such as nucleocapsid protein (N protein) and envelop protein (E protein), are considered to be the critical pro-inflammatory factors in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Vitamin K3 has been reported to exert an anti-inflammatory effect. In this study, we investigated the protective effects of vitamin K3 on SARS-CoV-2 N protein induced-endothelial activation and SARS-CoV-2 E protein induced-cell death in…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Establishment of Replication Deficient Vesicular Stomatitis Virus for Studies of PEDV Spike-Mediated Cell Entry and Its Inhibition</strong> - The porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) is a highly contagious and virulent enteric coronavirus that causes severe enteric disease in pigs worldwide. PEDV infection causes profound diarrhea, vomiting, and dehydration in pigs of all ages, resulting in high mortality rates, particularly among neonatal piglets. The spike glycoprotein (S) of PEDV plays a crucial role in binding to the host cell receptor and facilitating fusion between the viral and host membranes. Pseudotyped viral particles…</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-patent-search">From Patent Search</h1>
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<h1 data-aos="fade-down" id="daily-dose">Daily-Dose</h1>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" data-aos-anchor-placement="top-bottom" id="contents">Contents</h1>
<ul>
<li><a href="#from-new-yorker">From New Yorker</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-vox">From Vox</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-the-hindu-sports">From The Hindu: Sports</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-the-hindu-national-news">From The Hindu: National News</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-bbc-europe">From BBC: Europe</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-ars-technica">From Ars Technica</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-jokes-subreddit">From Jokes Subreddit</a></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-new-yorker">From New Yorker</h1>
<ul>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Trump’s Mug Shot Is His True Presidential Portrait</strong> - He might be angry in the mug shot; he might even be scared. But he damn sure doesn’t look surprised. Nobody is. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/culture/annals-of-appearances/trumps-mug-shot-is-his-true-presidential-portrait">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>What a Heat Wave Does to Your Body</strong> - The human body is a remarkably effective cooling machine—but it has a limit. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/annals-of-a-warming-planet/what-a-heat-wave-does-to-your-body">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Vivek Ramaswamy Is Not the Next Trump</strong> - Many in the press have declared the entrepreneur and political novice “Trump’s heir.” The comparison sells the former President short. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/our-columnists/vivek-ramaswamy-is-not-the-next-trump">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>“Braiding Sweetgrass,” and a Lesson in Extreme Heat</strong> - Parul Sehgal visits Robin Wall Kimmerer, who set out to bridge the gap between Western science and Indigenous teaching. Plus, Dhruv Khullar looks at extreme heat and the body. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/podcast/the-new-yorker-radio-hour/braiding-sweetgrass-and-a-lesson-in-extreme-heat">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>The Harsh Glare of Justice for Donald Trump</strong> - On the ex-President’s snarly mug shot from the Fulton County Jail and a 2024 reality of Trump, Trump, and more Trump. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/letter-from-bidens-washington/the-harsh-glare-of-justice-for-donald-trump">link</a></p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-vox">From Vox</h1>
<ul>
<li><strong>How to make school life a little less difficult for kids</strong> -
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Actually useful ways to help children with homework, bullying, and mental health.
</p>
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In early 2020, around the onset of Covid-19 lockdowns, Jessica Mungekar noticed her seventh grade honor student, Layla, retreat. “I knew that she felt really uncomfortable and she wanted to fall into the background,” Mungekar says. “She didn’t want to be noticed and I didn’t quite understand it.”
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Meanwhile, Layla was keeping the source of her pain secret from her mother: She was being bullied and was struggling with her identity as a biracial teen in a predominantly white town. Layla feared if she told her mom about the extent of the bullying, Jessica would have called the school, making the problem even worse.
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Things came to a head the summer before Layla’s first year of high school when she shared with her mom details of a traumatic event. Layla urged her mother not to make decisions on her behalf in the aftermath. Instead, Jessica went into what she calls “mama bear mode” and made demands of her daughter: Cut off contact with these friends, join these extracurricular activities, you are only allowed out of the house during these hours. Layla felt like her autonomy was being taken away.
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Over the course of a few months, mother and daughter worked to repair their relationship and communication. Now, Jessica says she is sure to listen to Layla instead of immediately offering advice, validates her daughter’s feelings, and gives her freedom to express herself. For her part, Layla confides in her mother all the time, even about her dating life. Her friends often seek out Jessica for counsel, too. “She’s become a safe place where people go to get advice,” Layla, now 16, says. “She’s joyous and doesn’t pass judgment.”
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Students are faced with a daily barrage of potential stressors: a demanding course load, tricky social dynamics, managing both their time and emotions. In a <a href="https://www.cdc.gov/childrensmentalhealth/features/school-aged-mental-health-in-communities.html">four-year study designed to estimate the prevalence of mental disorders</a> in kindergarteners through 12th graders, findings showed one in six students exhibited enough symptoms to meet the criteria for one or more childhood mental disorders, such as anxiety disorders and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. According to a <a href="https://www.pewresearch.org/social-trends/2019/02/20/most-u-s-teens-see-anxiety-and-depression-as-a-major-problem-among-their-peers/">2019 Pew Research Center report,</a> 61 percent of teens said they felt a lot of pressure to get good grades. About 22 percent of 12- to 18-year-old students reported being bullied during the school year in 2019, per a <a href="https://nces.ed.gov/fastfacts/display.asp?id=719">National Center for Education Statistics survey</a>. None of these statistics takes into account the toll of the pandemic, which set students back academically and had <a href="https://www.vox.com/the-highlight/23584869/covid-coronavirus-school-closures-remote-education-learning-loss-psychological-depression-teens">negative effects on their mental health</a>.
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Once kids leave the house, parents and other adults in their lives have little influence on their students’ school days. Unable to witness or guide children through the difficulties in and out of the classroom, parents often get piecemeal or incomplete views of how their kids spent the last hours, especially if the child is young and can’t adequately verbalize their struggles or frustrations. Signs that a student may be experiencing hardship at school include increased irritability, difficulty sleeping or lack of sleep, and changes in appetite, says <a href="https://www.pcom.edu/academics/faculty/jessicagl.html">Jessica Kendorski</a>, the chair of the school psychology department and professor at the Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine. They may also say they feel sick in order to stay home, when in reality they may be stressed or anxious about school, Kendorski says.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="hHA9yT">
Another indicator of a struggling child includes extreme people-pleasing, says <a href="https://www.schoolcounselor.org/Recognition/School-Counselor-of-the-Year/Meredith-Draughn">Meredith Draughn</a>, the school counselor at B. Everett Jordan Elementary School in Graham, NC, and the 2023 American School Counselor Association Counselor of the Year. High school students may also exhibit a “freeze” response, Draughn says. “It’s like well, that kid just doesn’t care, right? That kid’s super apathetic,” she says. “What we find when we dig into it more is they’re so overwhelmed by everything that’s happening that they just choose to do nothing because they don’t know how to address it.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="z0lCRq">
What, then, is the right way to support the students in your life? The tactics will vary based on the age of your child and the issues they’re facing. Regardless of your approach, experts say to always keep your kids in the loop of any decisions you’re making about their emotional and academic success.
</p>
<h3 id="MKvdO7">
Encourage growth mindset tactics for academic achievement
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="SsQH88">
From homework to challenging classes, students experience a number of academic hurdles. Sometimes, they may fail a test or drop the ball on a project. While some students <a href="https://childmind.org/article/how-to-help-kids-who-are-too-hard-on-themselves/">may criticize themselves</a> (“I’m not smart enough”) or claim the material was too difficult, parents should promote a <a href="https://hbr.org/2016/01/what-having-a-growth-mindset-actually-means">growth mindset</a>: the ability to learn from setbacks, implement new processes, and improve. “You want to praise the effort and the strategies that they used,” Kendorski says. “If they fail something, you want to talk through ‘Why did you fail this? Let’s talk about what you can do to be successful next time.’”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="MWWxRP">
A fixed mindset is one where people believe their skills are set in stone and they have no possibility of improving. When students in his classroom share fixed mindset sentiments like “I can’t do this,” elementary school teacher <a href="https://www.tiktok.com/@mrmonroeandnala?lang=en">Josh Monroe</a> is quick to amend the statement: “You can’t do this <em>yet</em>.” The power of <em>yet</em> helps students “understand that you don’t have to know it all right now — and it’s important that you don’t, that’s how you grow,” he says.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="UKT3jO">
While it’s crucial to encourage a growth mindset with students who use negative self-talk, like “I’ll never learn this” or “I’m not good enough,” a fixed mindset can also backfire if you constantly tell a student “You’re so smart,” Kendorski says. “When things start to get really difficult, you might find kids that don’t want to take chances,” she says, “because they think that if I fail, I’m going to lose that ‘I’m so smart’ title.” Instead, she says, focus on accomplishments based on effort and strategies: “I’m really proud of you for organizing a study group with your friends.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="sNyuac">
To help ensure your kids get their homework done and prepare for tests, Kendorski encourages a routine: dedicating a time and a place for schoolwork. If your student retains information more effectively if they study for a little bit each day instead of cramming, offer that as an option.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="ifa2E0">
When the kid in your life asks for help with homework and you’re a little rusty on, say, algebra, don’t feel ashamed to admit you don’t know how to solve the problem, Draughn says. Monroe recommends the online educational tool <a href="https://www.khanacademy.org/">Khan Academy</a>, which features videos that guide both parents and students through all levels of educational concepts and lessons. For additional academic resources, reach out to your student’s teacher who will know about after-school tutoring sessions or extra guidance, Draughn says. “Going to teachers early and often, when help is needed, is the most crucial part of it,” she says, “because there are those programs, but they do fill up pretty quickly.”
</p>
<h3 id="L6GDY2">
Empower students to navigate difficult social situations with confidence
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="GqCJsI">
School can be a social minefield, with kids learning how to independently interact with peers and regulate their emotions. If your child shares that they’re being picked on or ostracized in school, Draughn suggests that you first validate their experience and never downplay their emotions. Ask them what level of support they want: Do they think it would be helpful to talk to a school counselor or a teacher? Or do they prefer you to reach out to the teacher directly? In Layla Mungekar’s experience, she would have opted for her mother to not interfere with her social life. “Letting them lead the way on that is important,” Draughn says. “They may say, I feel like I have the tools to handle this — and that’s great. Then you check in. But doing nothing and just not mentioning it again is not going to help anything.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="0F2puV">
You might also start counseling your kid on self-advocacy and assertiveness at home, too, Draughn says, helping them identify moments where they should speak out against bad behavior and pointing out trustworthy adults to whom they can report issues, regardless of whether they are on the receiving end or have witnessed another student being bullied. “If someone is making you feel socially or physically unsafe, that’s the time to speak up,” says <a href="https://doctor-p.com/">Tracee Perryman</a>, the author of <em>Elevating Futures: A Model For Empowering Black Elementary Student Success</em>. Again, only reach out to the school yourself after talking it over with your kid.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="C2NHKh">
However, your child may simply be shy and reserved, not the victim of bullying. Perryman says to help build confidence with the kids in your life by reminding them that what they have to say is important and they have valuable interests and insights worth sharing with others.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="kS04oZ">
When it comes to social media, Jessica Mungekar discovered teens will “do what they’re going to do, whether you want them to or not,” she says. It’s better to listen if your child is involved with social media-related conflict, remind them they are not in trouble, and support them as you work to create a plan together. “I think it’s important in this day and age for kids to have social media because otherwise they get [alienated] by their peers,” Layla Mungekar says. “But it’s a lot safer when parents have those conversations, like yeah, this is going to happen and when it does happen, you should feel safe to come to me and not be blamed for that.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="oVxfOC">
Experts emphasize the transitory nature of school. While it’s crucial for students to apply themselves academically and make strides socially, remind them that one speed bump, fight with a friend, blunder, or bad grade will not drastically alter the trajectory of their lives. “It’s better that I make those mistakes now,” Layla says, “while I have someone there to help me.”
</p>
<h3 id="NzpxVS">
Promote balance to minimize stress
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="AtHA1C">
Just like adults, <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002059.htm">kids can get stressed</a> due to the demands of school and extracurriculars, as well as conflicts with friends and family. If kids are sleeping very late on weekends or too tired to do activities they typically enjoy, like spending time with friends, they might need more balance in their schedules, Perryman says.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="4vFcGY">
Ask your kid directly: “Are you playing T-ball three nights a week because you like it or you feel like you have to?” or “You had three extracurriculars last semester and it was really overwhelming for you. Do you want to pick two for this coming semester?” Draughn suggests. Remind your kid that just because they step away from a hobby now doesn’t mean they can’t come back to it in the future. Make sure students have one weeknight and one weekend day solely devoted to downtime, too, Draughn says. However, don’t discount the fact that sports and other activities can be rejuvenating for kids, even if they’re not resting.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="yEyb8U">
Parents and supportive adults are quick to problem-solve for the kids in their lives, but Kendorski stresses the importance of asking, “Do you want me to listen? Or do you want me to help?” Your child might just want to vent about a tough baseball practice. When Layla wants validation and a hug from her mom, she asks her “to be a waterfall.” When she’s feeling less emotionally charged, then Layla and her mom can problem-solve.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="8eMveA">
For high-achieving students who may be stressed about grades and college applications, Kendorski suggests asking your kids what story they’re telling themselves about success. For example, they might worry that a bad test grade means they’ll never get into their dream college. Help them map more realistic outcomes by thinking about the absolute worst-case scenario and alternative paths. For example, the worst that could happen if they fail a single test is maybe they get a C for the quarter. But reinforce how if they study and complete all their homework, the likelihood of failing is minimized.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Sr5lk0">
Remember not to make your stress their stress. Children are intuitive and can pick up on how the adults in their lives are feeling, Kendorski says. Instead of turning away from uncomfortable emotions, encourage open communication. If you’re disappointed in a mediocre grade, try saying, “I’m feeling a little bummed about the C on that test, but that’s my issue. I know you work hard and with some more practice, I know you’ll do better next time.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="behRYH">
Parents should always validate their child’s struggles and encourage caring for their mental health. Whether they’re seeking support from a trusted teacher or you think they’d benefit from speaking with a therapist — ask them how they’d feel about chatting with a professional before scheduling an appointment — remind them that “mental health is health,” Draughn says. That matters more than any test score.
</p></li>
<li><strong>What a UAW strike could mean for labor</strong> -
<figure>
<img alt="UAW Begins Contract Negotiations With Big Three Automakers" src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/pLpkFn2KCa6PYb8dFlYBhQwrO-c=/146x0:2813x2000/1310x983/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_image/image/72581955/1528505791.0.jpg"/>
<figcaption>
UAW President Shawn Fain speaks with workers a the Ford Michigan Assembly Plant. | Bill Pugliano/Getty Images
</figcaption>
</figure>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Auto workers at the “Detroit Three” auto companies could stop work on September 14.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="vJRnSX">
Members of the United Auto Workers on Friday voted overwhelmingly to authorize a strike at the so-called Detroit Three automobile manufacturers — Ford, General Motors, and Stellantis — should those companies fail to offer a competitive contract by the time the current one expires September 14.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="q3EzmY">
The strike authorization is the latest in a series of high-profile labor actions in the US over the past year, including the ongoing SAG-AFTRA and Writer’s Guild of America strikes, a UPS strike authorization that resulted in a fair contract, and a threatened US railway strike <a href="http://=https://www.reuters.com/world/us/biden-signs-bill-block-us-railroad-strike-2022-12-02/">thwarted by the government in December</a>. While all of these actions point to a more visible labor presence in the <a href="https://www.vox.com/economy">economy</a>, the UAW strike authorization — much like the SAG-AFTRA and WGA strike — is about more than<strong> </strong>just the conditions under which workers will perform their duties. What the UAW wants, too, is a say in what the industry looks like as it changes with technological developments like the switch to electric vehicles.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="yE7Dif">
The UAW represents about 150,000 workers at the three companies — 97 percent of whom voted to authorize the strike. Shawn Fain, the president of the UAW, indicated that the <a href="https://www.vox.com/unions">union</a> would not extend the September 14<strong> </strong>deadline to ratify a new four-year contract. Union talks with the automakers started in July, <a href="https://www.reuters.com/business/autos-transportation/uaw-members-authorize-strike-detroit-three-automakers-2023-08-25/https://www.reuters.com/business/autos-transportation/uaw-members-authorize-strike-detroit-three-automakers-2023-08-25/">according to Reuters</a>, but have progressed slowly since then, Fain said. “We have a lot of options that we are looking at but extension on the contract is not one of them.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="QBpcgp">
Fain and the UAW are asking for a series of wage increases and improved or reinstated benefits that offset labor concessions over the past few decades, and which would eliminate the two-tiered employment system that the Detroit Three factories have had in place since 2007.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="MFTrX4">
US labor unions enjoyed power and popular support until the 1970s and 1980s, when a combination of <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/1998/02/08/magazine/jimmy-hoffa-s-revenge.html">a series of corruption scandals</a> and the Reagan administration’s breaking of the <a href="https://oxfordre.com/americanhistory/display/10.1093/acrefore/9780199329175.001.0001/acrefore-9780199329175-e-867">Professional Air Traffic Controllers Organization</a> (PATCO) strike in 1981 greatly weakened collective bargaining. Globalization, especially after the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) came into effect in the 1990s also weakened worker power, since companies could — and did — move their operations to countries where labor was cheaper, decimating entire industries and swaths of the country.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="g2vGWO">
That’s led to depressed wages despite high inflation, as well as a decrease in benefits like pensions, even as the cost of living increases. And in 2023, companies can now use the specter of artificial intelligence and automation as a bargaining chip against workers’ futures.
</p>
<h3 id="SwLj6t">
The UAW’s proposed contract aims to rectify the past
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="XIyplo">
Like all union contracts, the UAW’s is extremely ambitious; unions go into negotiations knowing they’ll have to compromise on some elements of what they’re asking for, so they aim high. In the case of the UAW, as well as in other striking industries, the contracts are trying to both regain lost ground and protect workers for the future.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="etOCYO">
“We’re fed up,” Fain told <a href="https://www.reuters.com/business/autos-transportation/uaw-members-authorize-strike-detroit-three-automakers-2023-08-25/https://www.reuters.com/business/autos-transportation/uaw-members-authorize-strike-detroit-three-automakers-2023-08-25/">Reuters. </a>“We’ve sat back for decades while these companies continue to just take and take and take from us.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="UdG9qr">
Real wage growth, representing actual purchasing power, <a href="https://www.atlantafed.org/chcs/wage-growth-tracker">has stagnated since the 1980s</a>, only reaching 1983 levels during the Covid-19 pandemic. Overall, wages haven’t grown at the same rate as the cost of living, <a href="https://www.cnbc.com/2021/03/24/how-401k-brought-about-the-death-of-pensions.html">401(k) plans replaced pension benefits</a>, putting more pressure on the worker to save for retirement — despite a boom in worker productivity over the past 50 years.
</p>
<figure class="e-image">
<img alt=" " src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/9yoRYOms-hFkwfP2aWL4prIeXss=/800x0/filters:no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/24875728/labor_compensation_labor_productivity_gap.png"/> <cite>US Bureau of Labor Statistics</cite>
</figure>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="9nKmNY">
The UAW is striking to reverse some of these changes, by<strong> </strong>including in its contract a demand for a <a href="https://msutoday.msu.edu/news/2023/ask-the-expert-potential-uaw-strike#:~:text=The%20Anderson%20Economic%20Group%20estimates,million%20per%20week%20of%20production.">defined-benefit pension and to re-establish the retiree medical benefit program</a>. The union is also demanding a 46 percent wage increase over the life of the contract to keep up with the increased cost of living, as well as reinstituting a cost-of-living allowance which was <a href="https://labornotes.org/2009/02/uaw-agrees-givebacks-ford">eliminated in 2009</a> following the auto industry bailout. With major auto producers on the brink of bankruptcy, the UAW renegotiated its contract at the behest of the federal government.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="bVxURb">
But a major driver of the strike is actually a two-tiered wage system first instituted in the <a href="https://clutejournals.com/index.php/JBER/article/view/2247">UAW’s 2007 contract</a>; workers hired before that are in the first tier and started at about $28 per hour, while second-tier workers start at between $16 and $19 per hour — <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2011/09/13/business/in-detroit-two-wage-levels-are-the-new-way-of-work.html">a rate that has barely increased over the past decade</a>. The second-tier class of workers grows as first-tier workers retire and are replaced by new second-tier workers, ultimately bringing down wages for an increasing number of workers — who also<strong> </strong>increasingly make up UAW membership.
</p>
<h3 id="vWPXMR">
A UAW strike would seriously impact the auto industry — and labor overall
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="avsOCD">
There are several reasons that labor has become more visible over the past few years, and workers seem increasingly willing to demand more from their employers. That doesn’t necessarily mean the US is in a new era of labor power, and even that phrase doesn’t mean what it did in the first half of the 20th century.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="vhLK6K">
<a href="https://www.vox.com/recode/23145265/amazon-fired-chris-smalls-union-leader-alu-jeff-bezos-bernie-sanders-aoc-labor-movement-biden">Amazon’s Chris Smalls</a> has been a visible figure demanding the right to unionize and better conditions for his fellow workers, and <a href="https://www.vox.com/money/2023/8/22/23840473/writers-strike-actors-wga-sag-workers-economy-impact">the combined SAG-AFTRA and WGA strikes</a> have been highly visible because they target the entertainment industry, putting people’s favorite TV shows and movies on hold until studios and the unions can agree to fair contracts — including the use of generative AI in writing and shooting films and TV shows.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="BnpM4X">
Similarly, the UAW strike is not only about raising individual standards of living but also looking forward to the effect that technology could have on <a href="https://www.vox.com/labor-jobs">jobs</a> in that sector. As the industry shifts from combustion engines to battery-powered electric cars, manufacturing will need fewer workers with different skills, as Michigan State University professor of employment relations Peter Berg <a href="https://msutoday.msu.edu/news/2023/ask-the-expert-potential-uaw-strike#:~:text=The%20Anderson%20Economic%20Group%20estimates,million%20per%20week%20of%20production.">told Michigan State University Today</a>.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="uya4ga">
If the strike action does move forward — and Berg told Vox in an interview that he believes it will in some form — it could cost each company as much as $500 billion per week of stopped work, <a href="https://www.reuters.com/business/autos-transportation/biden-urges-all-sides-make-deal-automakers-union-seek-contract-2023-08-14/">according to Deutsche Bank analyst Emmanuel Rosner</a>.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="8mc3GW">
The moment is right for labor to try and claw back losses of the past few decades and try to gain protection and benefits for the future; there is a tight labor market, an aging workforce, high consumer demand, and political and popular support for trade unions. “These strike actions on the part of labor unions [are saying], ‘Alright, we have to renegotiate the fundamentals of how work is done,’” Berg said, and “using their power to redefine the working conditions going forward.”
</p></li>
<li><strong>The edgelord of the federal judiciary</strong> -
<figure>
<img alt="James Ho sits on a panel speaking as video of him is projected on a screen behind him at the Federalist Society’s 2022 National Lawyers Convention in Washington, DC." src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/u28kEh6XfwVP8aQ0poj-3av_MOc=/0x0:2667x2000/1310x983/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_image/image/72580724/1255657354.0.jpg"/>
<figcaption>
Trump Judge James Ho speaks at a 2022 event hosted by the Federalist Society. | Shuran Huang/Washington Post via Getty Images
</figcaption>
</figure>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Imagine a Breitbart comments forum come to life and given immense power over innocent people. That’s Judge James Ho.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="sE1ICL">
If you could breathe life into 4chan, the dark corner of the Internet where shitposters, edgelords, Groypers, and trolls of all kinds thrive, and then appoint this new lifeform to the federal bench, you would have created Judge James Ho.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="tTnGvo">
Ho, appointed by former president Donald Trump in 2018 to the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit, recently argued that anti-abortion doctors may seek a court order banning a commonly prescribed abortion medication, because “doctors delight in working with their unborn patients — and <a href="https://storage.courtlistener.com/recap/gov.uscourts.ca5.213145/gov.uscourts.ca5.213145.506860229.1.pdf">experience an aesthetic injury when they are aborted</a>.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="MYhAhF">
He’s written that a federal law prohibiting gun possession by people that a court has determined to be a “<a href="https://casetext.com/case/united-states-v-rahimi-13">credible threat to the physical safety of [their] intimate partner</a>” is unconstitutional. Among other things, Ho claimed that this law “should give us pause” because women getting a divorce sometimes seek such court orders as “a tactical leverage device” in their divorce proceedings.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="h3ybLc">
Ho’s very first opinion as a judge, a <a href="http://www.ca5.uscourts.gov/opinions/pub/16/16-51366-CV1.pdf">dissenting opinion in a case he did not even hear</a>, claimed that <a href="https://archive.thinkprogress.org/james-ho-campaign-finance-hack-70a2ce3477bc/">all laws limiting the amount that wealthy donors may give to political campaigns are unconstitutional</a>. Under Ho’s understanding of the Constitution, nothing prevents Harlan Crow, the billionaire Republican donor <a href="https://www.propublica.org/article/clarence-thomas-harlan-crow-private-school-tuition-scotus">famous for lavishing gifts on Justice Clarence Thomas</a>, from funding an entire presidential campaign.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="400xXK">
Also, speaking of Harlan Crow, Ho held his official ceremony swearing him in as a federal judge <a href="https://jezebel.com/judge-set-to-hear-abortion-pill-case-was-sworn-in-at-bi-1850416283">in Crow’s personal library</a>.
</p>
<div id="mFSeoE">
<blockquote class="twitter-tweet">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" dir="ltr" lang="en">
Honored to attend Jim Ho’s swearing in to the Fifth Circuit Court of Appeals today, alongside Justice Clarence Thomas &amp; Judge Jerry Smith. I am confident my good friend Jim will be an extraordinary appellate judge and a principled jurist faithful to the law. <a href="https://t.co/s1tWYu2j2c">pic.twitter.com/s1tWYu2j2c</a>
</p>
— Senator Ted Cruz (<span class="citation" data-cites="SenTedCruz">@SenTedCruz</span>) <a href="https://twitter.com/SenTedCruz/status/949083663915995136?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">January 5, 2018</a>
</blockquote></div></li>
</ul>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="arqRRl">
Ho’s work, in other words, is often indistinguishable from that of a professional <a href="https://www.urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=troll">troll</a>. He revels in taking deliberately provocative positions. He often joins a fairly extreme opinion written by a colleague, and then writes separately to take an even more extreme position. His judicial opinions mingle Fox News talking points, men’s rights activism, Federalist Society fantasies, and discredited legal doctrines that are now taught to law students to warn them of the Supreme Court’s worst mistakes.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="JomZ3d">
Ho seems to never miss an opportunity to weigh in on a political controversy. When he’s not writing concurring opinions arguing that the Supreme Court should <a href="https://fingfx.thomsonreuters.com/gfx/legaldocs/znvnbdrbwvl/11082022golden_covid.pdf">bring back the <em>Lochner </em>era</a>, an age when conservative justices <a href="https://www.vox.com/21497317/originalism-amy-coney-barrett-constitution-supreme-court">imposed their own laissez-faire<em> </em>ideology on the rest of the nation</a>, he can often be found <a href="https://taxprof.typepad.com/files/judge-ho-article.pdf">lecturing law schools on the evils of “cancel culture.”</a>
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="4TuMr1">
(That said, Ho did not respond to a request to be interviewed for this piece.)
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="PZGqt7">
When I speak to other judges, I often hear them use a derisive word to describe this kind of behavior: “<a href="https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2019/12/9/20962980/trump-supreme-court-federal-judges">auditioning</a>.” It’s an increasingly common practice among Republican judges itching for a promotion.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="M5MthX">
In his final years as a lower court judge, Justice Neil Gorsuch wrote several opinions laying out his plans to shift power from federal agencies to the judiciary — a <a href="https://www.vox.com/22276279/supreme-court-war-joe-biden-agency-regulation-administrative-neil-gorsuch-epa-nondelegation">high-priority issue for the Federalist Society</a>, which played a key role in picking Trump’s judges and justices. These opinions reportedly “<a href="https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2019/12/9/20962980/trump-supreme-court-federal-judges">proved decisive</a>” in the Trump White House’s decision to give Gorsuch a big promotion.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Ksf2Qi">
Similarly, in his final year as a lower court judge, Justice Brett Kavanaugh — who previously had a thin record on abortion — went out of his way to convey both in a published opinion and in a speech to a conservative think tank that <a href="https://archive.thinkprogress.org/brett-kavanaugh-said-he-would-kill-roe-v-wade-last-week-and-almost-no-one-noticed-c0e98494b06d/">he opposed <em>Roe v. Wade</em></a>. Trump picked Kavanaugh for the next seat to open up on the Supreme Court.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="A4Klmp">
The most alarming thing about Judge Ho, in other words, isn’t his penchant for trolling. It is the very real possibility that he will be rewarded for it. No judge in America has auditioned harder for a Supreme Court appointment in a Republican administration. And, if the next president is Donald Trump, Trump has already shown that he prefers judges who go out of their way to show their loyalty to Republican causes.
</p>
<h3 id="LwmKc9">
What does Jim Ho’s version of the Constitution look like?
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="nv9vAG">
<a href="https://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/198/45/"><em>Lochner v. New York</em></a><em> </em>(1905) is one of a handful of decisions that legal scholars refer to as the “<a href="https://www.vox.com/23180634/supreme-court-rule-of-law-abortion-voting-rights-guns-epa">anti-canon</a>” — a list of cases taught to law students as examples of how judges must never, ever behave. The list also includes the pro-slavery decision in <a href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/supremecourt/text/60/393"><em>Dred Scott v. Sandford</em></a> (1857) and the segregationist decision in <a href="https://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/163/537/#tab-opinion-1917401"><em>Plessy v. Ferguson</em></a> (1896).
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="hTKtwV">
Ho wants to bring back <em>Lochner</em>.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="bOsOst">
<em>Lochner </em>stuck down a New York state law that limited, to <a href="https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/23219138/supreme-court-roe-wade-substantive-due-process-samuel-alito">60 hours a week</a>, the amount of time worked by bakery workers. At the time, these workers were typically paid by the day or by the week, so the law had prevented these workers from being forced to work extraordinarily long shifts for no extra pay.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="K1n6qZ">
Other cases applying <em>Lochner</em>’s reasoning struck down <a href="https://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/261/525/">minimum wage laws</a> and <a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_case?case=3072585965506695672&amp;hl=en&amp;as_sdt=6&amp;as_vis=1&amp;oi=scholarr">stripped workers of their right to unionize</a>.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="j0PHRZ">
<em>Lochner</em> was grounded in what it described as the “right of the individual to … <a href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/supremecourt/text/198/45">enter into those contracts in relation to labor</a> which may seem to him appropriate or necessary for the support of himself and his family.” The idea was that, if a worker entered into a contract to work long hours for little pay, then the law could not alter this contract — even if the contract was itself the product of exploitation or desperation.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="I6SZaP">
<em>Lochner</em>, in other words, not only stripped the government of much of its power to protect workers, it did so on the dubious ground that, by insisting that workers adhere to whatever exploitative employment contracts their bosses imposed upon them, the Court was actually defending the rights of those workers. The Court ultimately abandoned <em>Lochner</em> in <a href="https://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/300/379/"><em>West Coast Hotel v. Parrish</em></a> (1937).
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Bao27N">
Ho picked an inauspicious case, <a href="https://fingfx.thomsonreuters.com/gfx/legaldocs/znvnbdrbwvl/11082022golden_covid.pdf"><em>Golden Glow Tanning Salon v. City of Columbus</em></a>, to offer his love letter to <em>Lochner</em>. In it, a Mississippi tanning salon claimed that Covid era lockdowns violated the salon owner’s “right to work,” a common argument made by modern day libertarians who <a href="https://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?handle=hein.journals/gmlr23&amp;div=25&amp;id=&amp;page=">seek to revive <em>Lochner</em></a>. (A “right to work” is synonymous with <em>Lochner</em>’s so-called right to “enter into those contracts in relation to labor which may seem to him appropriate.”)
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="CEzwiz">
Though all three judges who heard <em>Golden Glow</em> agreed that the Supreme Court’s decisions repudiating <em>Lochner</em>ism prevented them from ruling in the tanning salon’s favor, Ho wrote a <a href="https://fingfx.thomsonreuters.com/gfx/legaldocs/znvnbdrbwvl/11082022golden_covid.pdf">brief concurring opinion</a> that relied heavily on scholarship by right-wing lawyers arguing that <em>Lochner</em> should be revived. He suggested that the anti-worker right recognized in <em>Lochner</em> has a “better historical grounding than more recent claims of right that have found judicial favor.” And he urged the Supreme Court to <a href="https://www.scotusblog.com/case-files/cases/tiwari-v-friedlander/">take up a pending case</a> seeking to revive <em>Lochner</em> (the justices declined to do so).
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="RgGz7W">
Ho’s passion for the sorts of economic “rights” favored by Gilded Age robber barons is matched by his disdain for abortion. He wrote about the “<a href="http://www.ca5.uscourts.gov/opinions/pub/18/18-50484-CV0.pdf">moral tragedy of abortion</a>” in one of his judicial opinions. And he’s urged his Fifth Circuit — which is already the <a href="https://storage.courtlistener.com/recap/gov.uscourts.ca5.213145/gov.uscourts.ca5.213145.506860229.1.pdf">most right-wing federal appeals court in the country</a>, and is typically hostile towards reproductive freedom — to be even more aggressive in quashing abortion rights.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="eSNndQ">
Just last week, for example, a three-judge panel that includes Ho <a href="https://www.vox.com/scotus/2023/8/16/23834926/supreme-court-abortion-mifepristone-fifth-circuit-alliance-hippocratic-medicine-fda">attempted to ban the drug mifepristone</a>, which is used in more than half of all US abortions. That decision will have no effect, because the <a href="https://www.vox.com/politics/2023/4/21/23686788/supreme-court-abortion-pill-ruling-mifepristone-fda-alliance-hippocratic-medicine">Supreme Court preemptively blocked it last April</a> — a pretty clear sign that even this very conservative Supreme Court thinks that the legal arguments against mifepristone are weak.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="f5TCFP">
But Ho didn’t just join this attempt to ban the drug, in a case called <a href="https://storage.courtlistener.com/recap/gov.uscourts.ca5.213145/gov.uscourts.ca5.213145.506860229.1.pdf"><em>Alliance for Hippocratic Medicine v. FDA</em></a>, he wrote a separate opinion arguing that his colleagues were insufficiently hostile to abortion rights.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="BIIo2U">
Technically, the Fifth Circuit’s majority opinion in <em>Alliance</em> did not purport to ban mifepristone outright, it merely ordered the FDA to reinstate restrictions on the drug that the agency abandoned in 2016. As a practical matter, this order would <a href="https://www.vox.com/scotus/2023/8/16/23834926/supreme-court-abortion-mifepristone-fifth-circuit-alliance-hippocratic-medicine-fda">prevent the drug from being marketed in the United States for at least a few months</a>, because it would take a long time for government regulators and the drug maker to comply with the pre-2016 rules. But Ho would have gone even further, ordering the FDA to rescind its decision to approve the medication way back in 2000.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Hh9pks">
There are <a href="https://www.vox.com/politics/2023/3/16/23642927/supreme-court-abortion-matthew-kacsmaryk-mifepristone-texas-trump">so many errors in Ho’s legal reasoning</a> that it would be tedious to list them all here. One of them is that the statute of limitations to challenge an FDA approval of a drug is six years. While there are legitimate reasons that time period can sometimes be extended, Ho can’t rescue a lawsuit that was filed more than two decades after mifepristone’s approval.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Oio71d">
On guns, Ho joined the Fifth Circuit’s decision in <a href="https://casetext.com/case/united-states-v-rahimi-13"><em>United States v. Rahimi</em></a> (2023), a decision the Supreme Court is <a href="https://www.vox.com/scotus/23742547/supreme-court-united-states-gun-policy-rahimi-domestic-abusers-spouses-second-amendment">likely to reverse in its upcoming term</a>, holding that people who violently abuse their romantic partners or their partner’s child have a Second Amendment right to own a gun — even after a court proceeding determines that the abuser is “<a href="https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2023/2/2/23583377/supreme-court-guns-domestic-abuse-fifth-circuit-second-amendment-rahimi-united-states">a credible threat to the physical safety of such intimate partner or child</a>.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="ERFzMn">
<em>Rahimi</em> is another case where Ho joined an alarming decision written by one of his colleagues, and then wrote separately to argue for an even more extreme position.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="47kDBY">
Ho argues that one reason his court should be skeptical of a law seeking to disarm people subject to domestic violence restraining orders is that women who are not victims of abuse allegedly obtain these orders to “secure [favorable] rulings on critical issues such as [marital and child] support, exclusion from marital residence and property disposition.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="QuP1a1">
As evidence that this is a real problem that actually exists, Ho cites a handful of court decisions — including a <a href="https://casetext.com/case/murray-v-murray-107#p986">1993 decision by a court in New Jersey</a> that invalidated a restraining order because of a lack of evidence that the man subjected to it was violent, and a <a href="https://www.cbsnews.com/news/letterman-restraining-order-tossed/">2005 incident</a> where comedian David Letterman was briefly subject to a restraining order before a court tossed that order out.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="qHakrD">
The fact that Ho had to rely on decades-old cases in faraway jurisdictions to show that judges sometimes issue domestic violence restraining orders for invalid reasons is a sign that, maybe, this isn’t as big of a problem as Ho makes it out to be. Nevertheless, Ho would potentially arm hundreds of men who have murderous intentions in order to save someone like Letterman from having to go without a firearm for a couple of weeks.
</p>
<h3 id="qk6ZFV">
Ho could be the future of the federal judiciary
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="jYP2P2">
Ho’s penchant for tacking to the right of his already quite reactionary colleagues marks him as an outlier, even within a conservative federal judiciary. But he’s hardly an extreme outlier, <a href="https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2022/12/27/23496264/supreme-court-fifth-circuit-trump-court-immigration-housing-sexual-harrassment">especially on the far-right Fifth Circuit</a>.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="QLqz22">
In <a href="https://casetext.com/case/collins-v-mnuchin-4"><em>Collins v. Mnuchin</em></a> (2019), for example, Ho signed onto an opinion by Judge Don Willett that threatened to invalidate every single action taken by the Federal Housing Finance Agency (FHFA), which was created in 2008 to stabilize the US housing market during a historic recession. Had Willett’s approach prevailed in the Supreme Court, it could have potentially collapsed the US housing market and <a href="https://www.vox.com/22106497/supreme-court-collins-mnuchin-124-billion-fannie-mae-freddie-mac-unitary-executive-housing">triggered a global economic depression</a> (the Supreme Court <a href="https://www.vox.com/2021/6/24/22547545/supreme-court-collins-yellen-124-billion-housing-unitary-executive-samuel-alito-neil-gorsuch">voted 8-1 against Willett’s approach</a>).
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="dbqhzE">
Notably, however, Ho was one of a total of seven judges who signed onto Willett’s attempt to burn down more than a dozen years of work by a federal agency. There is no shortage of judicial arsonists on the Fifth Circuit.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="5b6eWf">
Similarly, the Supreme Court will hear several cases in its upcoming term in which it is likely to <a href="https://www.vox.com/scotus/2023/8/20/23835730/supreme-court-optimism-democracy-moore-milligan-talevski">reverse similarly aggressive decisions by the Fifth Circuit</a>. Those most likely include the <em>Alliance</em> case about mifepristone, as well as the <em>Rahimi</em> guns case, and two decisions declaring the entire <a href="https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2022/10/20/23414311/cfpb-unconstitutional-fifth-circuit-supreme-court-trump-community-financial">the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau unconstitutional</a> and <a href="https://www.vox.com/2022/5/19/23130569/jarkesy-fifth-circuit-sec">gutting the federal government’s power to enforce securities law</a>.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="IddjJO">
The leading contenders for the Republican presidential nomination are already signaling that they want to pick justices who are well to the right of the three already very conservative justices Trump placed on the Supreme Court. In his infamous speech before the January 6 attack on the US Capitol, Trump said that he is “<a href="https://www.npr.org/2021/02/10/966396848/read-trumps-jan-6-speech-a-key-part-of-impeachment-trial">not happy with the Supreme Court</a>” because they supposedly “love to rule against me.” (When Trump was president, the Court often <a href="https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2022/12/29/23530842/supreme-court-arizona-mayorkas-title-42-mexican-border-immigration">manipulated its own procedures to rule in Trump’s favor</a>, but the Court rejected his bid to overturn the 2020 election.)
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="ISearY">
Florida Gov. Ron DeSantis attacked Trump’s justices in June, claiming that “<a href="https://slate.com/news-and-politics/2023/06/supreme-court-worse-than-kavanaugh-barrett-gorsuch-trump.html">none of those three are at the same level of Justices Thomas and Justice Alito</a>,” two justices who fairly consistently vote like Fifth Circuit judges.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="zHdTR4">
Ho, meanwhile, is auditioning harder than anyone in the judiciary to catch Trump or DeSantis’s eye. And, even if the next Republican president decides to pick someone less flamboyant for the high court, they will have no shortage of candidates who are eager to light decades’ worth of settled law — along with entire federal agencies — on fire.
</p>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-the-hindu-sports">From The Hindu: Sports</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Velavan clinches Canberra Open squash title</strong> -</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Indian women beat Thailand 5-4 in Asian Hockey 5s World Cup Qualifier</strong> - Indian women had registered a 7-1 win over Japan in their second match of the tournament on Saturday night</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Prudent to keep K.L. Rahul as a wicketkeeper-batter for Asia Cup: Sanjay Bangar</strong> - Bangar spoke about KL Rahul’s role in Team India for the upcoming Asia Cup 2023</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>BCCI president Roger Binny, VP Rajeev Shukla to be in Lahore on PCB’s invitation</strong> - The PCB had extended the invitation to all the principal office-bearers of BCCI and it is understood that president and vice-president have got Indian board’s approval to accept the invitation accorded to them</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>FC Goa beat Chennaiyin FC 4-1, enter Durand Cup semis</strong> - Bikash Yumnam opened the scoring for Chennaiyin in the fifth minute when he found the net from a corner</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-the-hindu-national-news">From The Hindu: National News</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>NGT raises questions on pesticide unit in Tiruvallur functioning before getting approval</strong> - The company applied for Consent to Operate (CTO) on March 12 and subsequently, the consent was given after inspection. But, the Bench said, in one of the product pamphlets produced by the unit, the manufacturing date was printed as December 2022</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Annual Pavitrotsavams begin at Tirumala in Andhra Pradesh</strong> -</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Karnataka BJP reiterates demand for reinvestigation into Soujanya rape and murder case</strong> - While the Central Bureau of Investigation has failed to find out the real accused, the lone accused in the case, Santosh Rao, was acquitted in June this year</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Five-year-old boy drowns in swimming pool at Marina</strong> - CM Stalin announced a solatium of ₹3 lakh from the Chief Minister’s Public Relief Fund.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Tamil Nadu government reconstitutes Puthirai Vannar Welfare Board</strong> -</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-bbc-europe">From BBC: Europe</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Wagner boss Prigozhin confirmed dead in plane crash - Moscow</strong> - Genetic analysis of the bodies was carried out following Wednesday’s crash, Russian officials say.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Ukraine war: Fighter ace and two other pilots killed in mid-air crash</strong> - Andrii Pilshchykov won fame taking part in dogfights over Kyiv during the early phase of Russia’s invasion.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Spain head coach Jorge Vilda criticises ‘inappropriate’ Luis Rubiales kiss</strong> - Spain’s Women’s World Cup-winning head coach Jorge Vilda has called the moment Luis Rubiales kissed squad member Jennifer Hermoso “inappropriate and unacceptable”.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Luis Rubiales kissing Jenni Hermoso unleashes social tsunami in Spain</strong> - The Spanish FA’s president kissing player Jenni Hermoso on the lips has sparked a national conversation.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Evidence found of German mass execution by French Resistance after D-Day</strong> - Casings and coins at a site in central France suggest prisoners were shot by the French Resistance after D-Day.</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-ars-technica">From Ars Technica</h1>
<ul>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Four people from four different nations ride SpaceX rocket into orbit</strong> - A new Falcon 9 booster also joins SpaceX’s fleet with Saturday’s launch. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1963575">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Study: Carbon offsets aren’t doing their job, overstate impact</strong> - Cambridge study says carbon offsets are not nearly as effective as they claim to be. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1963543">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Renegade certificate removed from Windows. Then it returns. Microsoft stays silent.</strong> - The certificate, originally spawned by Symantec, was scheduled to be banished years ago. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1963549">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Hands-on with Cherry MX2A switches: A lot less wobble, a little more confusion</strong> - Cherry fights mechanical switch copycats with a new, yet familiar, lineup. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1963225">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Trump’s mug shot was on the Wii News channel, thanks to RiiConnect24 devs</strong> - RiiConnect has been offering Wii online services for longer than Nintendo. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1963387">link</a></p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-jokes-subreddit">From Jokes Subreddit</h1>
<ul>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Two men and a woman are going to hitman school…</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF --></p>
<div class="md">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
… and their teacher takes one of the men out into the hallway, points at a door and says, “In this room we have your wife. Here’s a loaded pistol, go in and kill her.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
The guy says “OK.” He goes into the room and comes out a few minutes later. He says, “I love her, I can’t do it.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
The teacher says, “You don’t have what it takes to be a hitman, get out of here.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
The teacher then does the same thing with the other guy with the same result.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
He then takes the woman out into the hallway, points at a door and says, “In this room we have your husband. Here’s a loaded pistol, go in and kill him.”
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She goes into the room and he hears a gunshot and then all hell breaking loose. There’s yelling &amp; screaming plus furniture being broken. After about 15 minutes of this the woman comes out looking disheveled and says, “Why the hell did you put blanks in the gun? I had to beat the son-of-a-bitch yo death.”
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/Indotex"> /u/Indotex </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/162e873/two_men_and_a_woman_are_going_to_hitman_school/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/162e873/two_men_and_a_woman_are_going_to_hitman_school/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Picture this: A pandemic is unleashed by ticks that live on and around the mouths of alpacas. Global chaos ensues, the disease wipes out 99% of humanity and desperate survivors are forced to live in…</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF --></p>
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…a post-alpaca lip tick wasteland.
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/madazzahatter"> /u/madazzahatter </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/162mfm7/picture_this_a_pandemic_is_unleashed_by_ticks/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/162mfm7/picture_this_a_pandemic_is_unleashed_by_ticks/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>These two guys had just gotten divorces and they swore they would never have anything to do with women again. They were best friends and they decided to move up to Alaska as far north as they could go and never look at a woman again.</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF --></p>
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They got up there and went into a trader’s store and told him, “Give us enough supplies to last two men for one year.” The trader got the gear together and on top of each one’s supplies he laid a board with a hole in it with fur around the hole. The guys said “What’s that board for?” The trader said, “Well, where you’re going there are no women and you might need this.” They said “No way! We’ve sworn off women for life!” The trader said, “Well. take the boards with you, and if you don’t use them. I’ll refund your money next year.” “Okay,” they said and left.
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Next year this guy came into the trader’s store and said “Give me enough supplies to last one man for one year.” The trader said, “Weren’t you in here last year with a partner?” “Yeah” said the guy. “Where is he?” asked the trader. “I shot him” said the guy. “Why?” “I caught him in bed with my board.”
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/YZXFILE"> /u/YZXFILE </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/161vu60/these_two_guys_had_just_gotten_divorces_and_they/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/161vu60/these_two_guys_had_just_gotten_divorces_and_they/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Four musicians are arguing about who gives the best blowjobs in the band.</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF --></p>
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</p><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">The first says, “Clarinet players are the best, because they can put so much in their mouth and still play beautifully.”</p>
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</p><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">The second says, “No, it’s flute players! They can handle the mouthpiece sensitively while still using their fingers.”</p>
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</p><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">The third still disagrees, and says “It’s oboe players, they have refined how to handle wood down to an art form.”</p>
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</p><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">The fourth, hearing all this, pauses to think. Finally, he speaks up and says, “No, you’re all wrong. Truly, it’s French horn players who give the best blowjobs. Their tongue movements are incredible…</p>
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</p><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">…but the only problem is that they have to have their fist up your ass.”</p>
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</p><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">(Not mine, heard this from a musician friend today, and I’m sure it’s much older)</p>
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/Owlmanandy"> /u/Owlmanandy </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/162ckgp/four_musicians_are_arguing_about_who_gives_the/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/162ckgp/four_musicians_are_arguing_about_who_gives_the/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>[NSFW]I Was Surprised When My deadbeat roommate actually had rent money on time</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF --></p>
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“Yeah, man, I got a job.”
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“Doing what?,” I asked.
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“I hang out in the alley and give blow jobs.”
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“Sounds like a hard way to make money.”
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“Nah, man, my very first night I made $300.05”
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I scoffed, “Who paid you a nickel?”
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He said, “They all did.”
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/Woodentit_B_Lovely"> /u/Woodentit_B_Lovely </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/161sriu/nsfwi_was_surprised_when_my_deadbeat_roommate/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/161sriu/nsfwi_was_surprised_when_my_deadbeat_roommate/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
</ul>
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