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188 lines
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<title>24 August, 2023</title>
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<title>Covid-19 Sentry</title><meta content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" name="viewport"/><link href="styles/simple.css" rel="stylesheet"/><link href="../styles/simple.css" rel="stylesheet"/><link href="https://unpkg.com/aos@2.3.1/dist/aos.css" rel="stylesheet"/><script src="https://unpkg.com/aos@2.3.1/dist/aos.js"></script></head>
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<h1 data-aos="fade-down" id="covid-19-sentry">Covid-19 Sentry</h1>
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<h1 data-aos="fade-right" data-aos-anchor-placement="top-bottom" id="contents">Contents</h1>
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<li><a href="#from-preprints">From Preprints</a></li>
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<li><a href="#from-clinical-trials">From Clinical Trials</a></li>
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<li><a href="#from-pubmed">From PubMed</a></li>
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<li><a href="#from-patent-search">From Patent Search</a></li>
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<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-preprints">From Preprints</h1>
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<li><strong>The Hazards of Daily Stressors: Comparing the Experiences of Sexual and Gender Minority Young Adults to Cisgender Heterosexual Young Adults during the COVID-19 Pandemic</strong> -
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Some individuals may be at greater risk for encountering stressors in daily life than others, especially those with minority identities. Initial evidence shows that the disparities between cisgender heterosexual (CH) individuals and sexual and gender minority (SGM) individuals on stress-related experiences may be exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic. We examined the daily stressors experienced by undergraduate students during the COVID-19 pandemic (stressor exposure), the association between the experience of daily stress and same-day negative mood (stressor reactivity), and whether these varied between undergraduate students with SGM identities and their CH counterparts using a 14-day daily diary design. We did not find significant differences between SGM and CH groups on stressor exposure or stressor reactivity. One common feature of daily diary data is right censoring, which is when some individuals do not experience specific events during the study duration. We used multilevel survival analysis, which accounts for right censored data, to examine group differences in the risks of stressor exposure. We discuss the statistical issues involved when right-censored cases are not taken into consideration in studies of stressor exposure and propose multilevel survival analysis as one solution to move the field towards more accurately understanding whether and when SGM individuals are at greater risk for stressors.
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://psyarxiv.com/2d7bm/" target="_blank">The Hazards of Daily Stressors: Comparing the Experiences of Sexual and Gender Minority Young Adults to Cisgender Heterosexual Young Adults during the COVID-19 Pandemic</a>
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<li><strong>The impact of Gam-COVID-Vac, an AdV5/AdV26 COVID-19 vaccine, on the biomarkers of endothelial function, coagulation and platelet activation</strong> -
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Background: COVID-19 vaccines have played a critical role in controlling the COVID-19 pandemic. Although generally considered safe, COVID-19 vaccination has been associated with rare but severe thrombotic events, occurring mainly in the context of adenoviral vector vaccines. A better understanding of mechanisms underlying vaccine-induced hypercoagulability and prothrombotic state is needed to improve the vaccine safety profile. Methods: We assessed changes to biomarkers of endothelial function (endothelin, ET-1), coagulation (thrombomodulin, THBD and plasminogen activator inhibitor, PAI) and platelet activation (platelet-activating factor, PAF, and platelet factor 4 IgG antibody, PF4 IgG) within a three-week period after the first (prime) and second (boost) doses of Gam-Covid-Vac, an AdV5/AdV26-vectored COVID-19 vaccine. Blood plasma collected from vaccinees (n=58) was analyzed using ELISA assays. Participants were stratified by prior COVID-19 exposure based on their baseline SARS-CoV-2-specific serology results. Results: We observed a significant post-prime increase in circulating ET-1, with levels sustained after the boost dose compared to baseline. ET-1 elevation following dose-2 was most pronounced in vaccinees without prior COVID-19 exposure. Prior COVID-19 was also associated with a mild increase in PAI post-prime dose. Conclusions: Vaccination was associated with elevated ET-1 up to day 21 after the second vaccine dose, while no marked alterations to other biomarkers, including PF4 IgG, were seen. These findings suggest that a role of persistent endothelial activation following COVID-19 vaccination warrants further investigation.
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.22.23294400v1" target="_blank">The impact of Gam-COVID-Vac, an AdV5/AdV26 COVID-19 vaccine, on the biomarkers of endothelial function, coagulation and platelet activation</a>
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<li><strong>Protocol for a Study on Día de los Muertos, Loss, Funerals, and Mental Health Among Mexican-Origin Adults in the United States</strong> -
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Día de los Muertos is a traditional celebration takes place early in November and is one of the most intricate death-related ritual in Mexican culture in which families welcome the return of their loved ones who died. Funerals are important rituals following the death of a person that provide the bereaved with an opportunity to say farewell to the departed in company of family, friends, and community. Día de los Muertos and funerals can help process grief and loss following the COVID-19 pandemic, a global event that disproportionally affected Mexican-origin adults in the U.S. Although research has shown the cultural importance of participating in Día de los Muertos and funerals, less is known about their connection to each other, as well as grief, mental health, and wellbeing among those who experienced loss during the pandemic. In this protocol, we describe the rationale for a cross-sectional survey, a study using a correlational design, and present the research questions, sample characteristics, procedure, instrument, and data analysis plan. In Study 1, we will investigate the association between Día de los Muertos participation and attitudes with levels of grief, mental health, and wellbeing among those who experienced loss during the pandemic. In Study 2, we will examine the association between funeral participation and attitudes with levels of grief, mental health, and wellbeing among those who experienced loss during the pandemic.
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://psyarxiv.com/jrgwv/" target="_blank">Protocol for a Study on Día de los Muertos, Loss, Funerals, and Mental Health Among Mexican-Origin Adults in the United States</a>
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<li><strong>Evaluating the Safety Profile of the CoronaVac in Adult and Elderly populations: A Phase IV Prospective Observational Study in Brazil</strong> -
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Objective: This Phase IV prospective observational study aimed to evaluate the safety and monitor adverse events following immunization (AEFI) associated with CoronaVac, an inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine, in Brazilian adult (18-59 years) and elderly (≥60 years) populations. Methods: Participants (n=538; 487 adults and 51 elderly) were enrolled from three public health services in São Paulo, Brazil. A two-dose vaccination regimen, administered 14 days apart, was used. The study assessed Adverse Reactions (AR) necessitating medical attention within seven days post-vaccination dose and monitored AEFI for a period of 42 days. Safety was monitored through a review of participant diary cards, telephone contacts, and on-site study visits. Results: Among adults, the most frequently reported local AR after the first and second dose was pain (256[52.6%] and 129 [29.5], respectively), while the most common systemic reaction was a headache (158[34.5%] and 51 [11.6%], respectively). Most local and systemic solicited ARs were of Grade 1 or 2, with these reactions being more prevalent in adults after the first dose. One serious adverse event possibly related to the vaccine was reported among adults, but there were no fatalities. Nine adult participants experienced adverse events of special interest, which included five cases of Covid-19. Conclusion: CoronaVac demonstrated safety and tolerability in the observed population. Ongoing post-marketing surveillance is crucial for the identification of rare adverse events and further affirmation of the vaccine’s safety profile.
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.19.23294316v1" target="_blank">Evaluating the Safety Profile of the CoronaVac in Adult and Elderly populations: A Phase IV Prospective Observational Study in Brazil</a>
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<li><strong>Understanding community level influences on the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in England: New insights from comparison over time and space</strong> -
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Understanding and monitoring the major influences on SARS-CoV-2 prevalence is essential to inform policy making and devise appropriate packages of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs). Through evaluating community level influences on the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection and their spatiotemporal variations in England, this study aims to provide some insights into the most important risk parameters. We used spatial clusters developed in Jahanshahi and Jin, 2021 as geographical areas with distinct land use and travel patterns. We also segmented our data by time periods to control for changes in policies or development of the disease over the course of the pandemic. We then used multivariate linear regression to identify influences driving infections within the clusters and to compare the variations of those between the clusters. Our findings demonstrate the key roles that workplace and commuting modes have had on some of the sections of the working population after accounting for several interrelated influences including mobility and vaccination. We found communities of workers in care homes and warehouses and to a lesser extent textile and ready meal industries and those who rely more on public transport for commuting tend to carry a higher risk of infection across all residential area types and time periods.
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.14.22273759v2" target="_blank">Understanding community level influences on the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in England: New insights from comparison over time and space</a>
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<li><strong>mRNA COVID-19 vaccine elicits potent adaptive immune response without the persistent inflammation seen in SARS-CoV-2 infection</strong> -
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SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination elicit potent immune responses. Our study presents a comprehensive multimodal single-cell dataset of peripheral blood of patients with acute COVID-19 and of healthy volunteers before and after receiving the SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine and booster. We compared host immune responses to the virus and vaccine using transcriptional profiling, coupled with B/T cell receptor repertoire reconstruction. COVID-19 patients displayed an enhanced interferon signature and cytotoxic gene upregulation, absent in vaccine recipients. These findings were validated in an independent dataset. Analysis of B and T cell repertoires revealed that, while the majority of clonal lymphocytes in COVID-19 patients were effector cells, clonal expansion was more evident among circulating memory cells in vaccine recipients. Furthermore, while clonal αβ T cell responses were observed in both COVID-19 patients and vaccine recipients, dramatic expansion of clonal γδT cells was found only in infected individuals. Our dataset enables comparative analyses of immune responses to infection versus vaccination, including clonal B and T cell responses. Integrating our data with publicly available datasets allowed us to validate our findings in larger cohorts. To our knowledge, this is the first dataset to include comprehensive profiling of longitudinal samples from healthy volunteers pre/post SARS-CoV-2 vaccine and booster.
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.20.21255677v3" target="_blank">mRNA COVID-19 vaccine elicits potent adaptive immune response without the persistent inflammation seen in SARS-CoV-2 infection</a>
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<li><strong>SARS-CoV-2 Infection Biomarkers Reveal an Extended RSAD2 Dependant Metabolic Pathway</strong> -
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We present compelling evidence for the existence of an extended innate viperin dependent pathway which provides crucial evidence for an adaptive response to viral agents like SARS-CoV-2. We show the in vivo biosynthesis of a family of endogenous cytosine metabolites with potential antiviral activity. Two dimensional Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy revealed a characteristic spin-system motif indicating the presence of an extended panel of urinary metabolites during the acute viral replication phase. Mass spectrometry additionally allowed the characterization and quantification of the most abundant serum metabolites showing potential diagnostic value of the compounds for viral infections. In total, we unveiled ten nucleoside (cytosine and uracil based) analogue structures, eight of which were previously unknown in humans. The molecular structures of the nucleoside analogues and their correlation with an array of serum cytokines, including IFN-α2, IFN-γ and IL-10, suggest an association with the viperin enzyme contributing to an endogenous innate immune defence mechanism against viral infection.
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.08.23289637v2" target="_blank">SARS-CoV-2 Infection Biomarkers Reveal an Extended RSAD2 Dependant Metabolic Pathway</a>
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<li><strong>SARS-CoV-2 viral replication persists in the human lung for several weeks after symptom onset</strong> -
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Rationale: In the upper respiratory tract replicating (culturable) SARS-CoV-2 is recoverable for ~ 4 to 8 days after symptom onset, however, there is paucity of data about the frequency or duration of replicating virus in the lower respiratory tract (i.e. the human lung). Objectives: We undertook lung tissue sampling (needle biopsy), shortly after death, in 42 mechanically ventilated decedents during the Beta and Delta waves. An independent group of 18 ambulatory patents served as a control group. Methods: Lung biopsy cores from decedents underwent viral culture, histopathological analysis, electron microscopy, transcriptomic profiling and immunohistochemistry. Results: 38% (16/42) of mechanically ventilated decedents had culturable virus in the lung for a median of 15 days (persisting for up to 4 weeks) after symptom onset. Lung viral culture positivity was not associated with comorbidities or steroid use. Delta but not Beta variant lung culture positivity was associated with accelerated death and secondary bacterial infection (p<0.05). Nasopharyngeal culture was negative in 23.1% (6/26) of decedents despite lung culture positivity. This, hitherto, undescribed bio-phenotype of lung-specific persisting viral replication was associated with an enhanced transcriptomic pulmonary pro-inflammatory response but with concurrent viral culture positivity. Conclusions: Concurrent, rather than sequential active viral replication continues to drive a heightened pro-inflammatory response in the human lung beyond the second week of illness and was associated with variant-specific increased mortality and morbidity. These findings have potential implications for the design of interventional strategies and clinical management of patients with severe COVID-19 disease.
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.06.23286834v3" target="_blank">SARS-CoV-2 viral replication persists in the human lung for several weeks after symptom onset</a>
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<li><strong>Zheln.com: A protocol for a universal living overview of health-related systematic reviews</strong> -
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BACKGROUND Objectives. 1. Identify and monitor most of published systematic reviews. 2. Tag the identified systematic records with medical specialties. 3. Select or crowdfund reviews for further appraisal. 4. Critically appraise and replicate the selected systematic reviews. 5. Disseminate practice implications of positively appraised reviews to both the public and evidence-based practitioners in health care and other fields associated with intervention into a human life, such as education, business, policy, or ecology. METHODS Eligibility criteria. Record eligibility is assessed by checking the record title and, if the title failed, abstract against the ‘true positive criteria’ for systematic reviews taken from the publication by Shojania & Bero, 2001 (PMID 11525102). The record/study flow is as follows: All eligible records are amenable for tagging, selection, and crowdfunding process; Only those eligible records that have been selected or crowdfunded are subject to critical appraisal; For all records that have been selected, all relevant reports are collected; Reports are grouped into studies; Only for the studies appraised positively, practical implications are summarized and disseminated. COVID-19 publications are not selected. Crowdfunding an appraisal of any eligible record is possible for any individual or organization. Information sources. MEDLINE via PubMed. Adding other search sources, such as Scopus, OSF, and medRxiv, is planned in the future when more appraisers become available. The Replicated Version of the PubMed Systematic Review Subset Query Zheln Edition (DOI 10.17605/OSF.IO/Z3JU7) will be used. The searches are run daily. Risk of bias. Critical appraisal will feature: Duplication assessment; Replication; Assessment against the MECIR conduct standards; ROB-ME assessment; GRADE assessment. Synthesis of results. No across-studies synthesis is planned. Within-studies, I will formulate explicit practice-relevant statements based on the extracted health outcomes and quality-of-conduct assessment. Also, the process of each critical appraisal is video-recorded and published on YouTube daily. OTHER Funding. The review is crowdfunded; the details are available from the Zheln website (https://zheln.com). Crowd funders had no role in the design of the protocol. They will be able to request critical appraisal and additional critical appraisal (with new data provided) of any eligible record but will not influence the review process otherwise. Registration. The project is hosted on GitHub. Also, there is an umbrella Open Science Framework project that links repositories and preprints (DOI 10.17605/OSF.IO/EJKFC). The protocol for this overview of systematic reviews has been submitted for registration in PROSPERO.
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://osf.io/preprints/metaarxiv/y2nrb/" target="_blank">Zheln.com: A protocol for a universal living overview of health-related systematic reviews</a>
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<li><strong>The Usage of Mindsponge Theory for Explaining The Willingness of Global Citizens to Provide Geospatial Global Positioning System (GPS) Data From Their Smartphones During The COVID-19 Pandemic</strong> -
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Global citizens have widely discussed COVID-19 and its transmission prevention since the World Health Organization (WHO) announced the disease as a public health emergency of international concern on January 30, 2020, and a pandemic on March 11, 2020 [1]. The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the importance of digital epidemiology based on public health data [2]. In the early stages of the pandemic, public health officials faced critical problems in collecting effective information input from the public. Specifically, the issues around the donation of digital data related to the context of mobile phone privacy became a major roadblock in fighting the COVID-19 pandemic [3]. Hswen et al. [3] evaluated people’s willingness to provide their smartphone geospatial global positioning system (GPS) data during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study involved 1055 participants from 41 countries with a mean age of 34. Findings showed that participants living in India or Brazil were more willing to provide their GPS data than those living in the United States. No significant differences were seen between positive and negative valence framing messages. Monetary incentives of $5 significantly increased participants’ willingness to provide GPS data. Half of the participants in the self-interest and pro-social arms agreed to provide their GPS data, and almost two-thirds of participants were willing to provide their data in exchange for $5. Framing and incentivization can be used in combination to influence the acquisition of private GPS smartphone data. Financial incentives can increase data provision to a greater degree with no losses on these intrinsic motivations to fight the COVID-19 pandemic. The study’s findings have the ability to contribute to lowering the social cost of epidemic control by informing evidence-based policymaking efficiently [4].
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://osf.io/z9ert/" target="_blank">The Usage of Mindsponge Theory for Explaining The Willingness of Global Citizens to Provide Geospatial Global Positioning System (GPS) Data From Their Smartphones During The COVID-19 Pandemic</a>
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<li><strong>The Usage of Mindsponge Theory for Explaining The Social Identity Loss and Reverse Culture Shock among International Students in China During COVID-19 Pandemic</strong> -
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International students are often exposed to various challenges during life transitions. The COVID-19 pandemic in China has also contributed to these life challenges. During the global pandemic period, there were two groups of international students. The first group was those who remained in China during the pandemic, and the second group was those who had left China and were stranded in their home countries due to a ban on international travel amid COVID-19. By qualitatively studying these two groups of participants, Raja et al. [1] found that the first group experienced challenges like anxiety, campus closure, lockdown, parental health issue concern, and social isolation, while the second group experienced challenges like reverse culture shock which was more distressing, readjustment to home country, life changes in home and host countries, social and academic resources loss (study environment disruption, losing important group memberships, financial constraints, visa expiry, graduation delay, and academic suspension) [1]. Raja et al. [1] utilized the mindsponge theory (MT) as their study framework. MT focuses on the human mind’s information processing system in explaining individual behavior changes over time based on contextual settings [2]. Mindsponge framework consists of five components, namely: 1) mindset, 2) comfort zone, 3) multi-filtering system, 4) cultural and ideological setting, and 5) cultural values [3]. There was a shift of the “mindset” of international students where the personal identity, such as “Who am I?” shifted into “How I should be?” MT helps explain how life changes impact international students’ sense of belonging amid the COVID-19 pandemic, focusing on the dimensions of identity through the mindsponge mechanism. This mechanism suggests that individuals absorb and integrate new cultural values compatible with their core values while rejecting those of lesser importance [4]. Based on this notion, this study explores the experiences of international students in China regarding their unplanned return to their home countries during the COVID-19 pandemic [1]. This study highlighted the re-acculturative stress international students face in their home countries due to unplanned transitions during the pandemic.
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://osf.io/4w82u/" target="_blank">The Usage of Mindsponge Theory for Explaining The Social Identity Loss and Reverse Culture Shock among International Students in China During COVID-19 Pandemic</a>
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<li><strong>The Usage of Mindsponge Theory for Explaining The Generation Mechanism of Career Decision-making Difficulties among Chinese Undergraduates During The COVID-19 Pandemic</strong> -
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The COVID-19 situation in China has led various sectors to accept the employment of college graduates lately. The low record number of Chinese college graduates and the pressure from the economic downturn resulted in low confidence in employment among college graduates. The difficulties in career decision-making have gradually developed into a psychological barrier to successful employment among Chinese undergraduates. By conducting a qualitative study of 20 undergraduates exhibiting delayed employment, Shi [1] found that the variables of individual, parents, peers, and social environment influence participants’ career decision-making difficulties. This study proposes a multivariable and single-subject generation mechanism to explain Chinese undergraduates’ career decision-making difficulties during the pandemic. Shi [1] utilized the framework of social cognitive career theory (SCCT) [2] aided by the mindsponge theory (MT) to explain her study findings. SCCT was insufficient to explain the mental state changes in the career decision-making difficulties encountered by participants over time in further detail [1]. Therefore, SCCT was aided by MT to fill this gap. MT utilizes the human mind’s information processing approach to understand better individual behavior changes over time based on contextual settings [3]. Mindsponge framework consists of five components, namely: 1) mindset, 2) comfort zone, 3) multi-filtering system, 4) cultural and ideological setting, and 5) cultural values [4]. MT is helpful when studying psychological phenomena in terms of their temporal dimension with regard to the information process associated with the natural renewal of human psychology and society, which can explain and help address complex psychological and behavioral problems [5].
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://osf.io/r7kgw/" target="_blank">The Usage of Mindsponge Theory for Explaining The Generation Mechanism of Career Decision-making Difficulties among Chinese Undergraduates During The COVID-19 Pandemic</a>
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<li><strong>The Application of Mindsponge Framework and 3D Framework in Explaining The Production Process of COVID-19 Vaccines Globally</strong> -
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Global citizens have widely discussed the COVID-19 outbreak since the World Health Organization (WHO) announced the disease as a public health emergency of international concern on January 30, 2020, and a pandemic on March 11, 2020 [1]. Since then, tremendous efforts have been made by scientists and health professionals to innovate the COVID-19 vaccines, which safeguard against the virus. It is helpful to conduct an in-depth conceptual investigation into the process of producing, administrating, and distributing COVID-19 vaccines. Vuong et al. [2] explained the COVID-19 vaccine production process by using the serendipity-mindsponge-3D (SM3D) creativity management theory. The mindsponge theory explains how the human mind processes information in contextual settings [3], while the 3D creativity management theory explains how creativity and innovations are made through information processes [2]. Conceptually, the mindsponge framework consists of five components: 1) mindset, 2) comfort zone, 3) multi-filtering system, 4) cultural and ideological setting, and 5) cultural values [4]. Meanwhile, the 3D framework consists of three major blocks: (1) the information absorbing and filtering block, (2) the creativity processing block, and (3) the innovation outcome block [5]. Based on the mindsponge framework [4] and the 3D framework [5], the COVID-19 vaccines production process was explained through three main stages, such as: 1) vaccine-related information absorption or rejection based on usefulness, 2) information usage for developing vaccines in a short period, and 3) vaccines production, distribution, and administration, finally in late 2020 [2]. These insights may be beneficial for facilitating the subsequent production, administration, and distribution of modified vaccines and vaccination campaigns.
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://osf.io/dmzgq/" target="_blank">The Application of Mindsponge Framework and 3D Framework in Explaining The Production Process of COVID-19 Vaccines Globally</a>
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<li><strong>A Systematic Background Check of TRICARE Provider Names</strong> -
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During Covid-19, the Defense Health Agency9s TRICARE insurance plan expanded its coverage to include 30.1% additional civilian healthcare providers. The DHA9s Annual Report, however, states that TRICARE9s provider directories are only 80% accurate. Although the DHA9s 9.6 million beneficiaries need expanded access to care, they also require protection from misleading information, medical fraud, patient abuse, and identity theft. Since 2013, the Department of Health and Human Services9 Office of the Inspector General has excluded 17,706 physicians from federal health programs due to misconduct. Patients who receive care from excluded providers experience worse medical outcomes. To determine if any excluded provider names were found on TRICARE9s website, we performed background checks on TRICARE West9s healthcare provider directory between January 1 and March 2023. Out of 39,463 provider names sampled from 22 states, there were 2,398 matches (6.08%) with individuals and businesses found in the OIG List of Excluded Individuals and Entities (OIG-LEIE), the GSA-SAM, the HHS HIPAA Breach Report, the International Trade Administration9s Consolidated Screening List, the OIG-HHS Fugitive List, the FBI9s January 6th Capitol Violence List of Charged Defendants, State Medicaid Exclusion Lists, and FDA Debarment Lists. Our study includes demographic analysis of the matching names and recommendations for an Insider Threat Management model. We recommend that DHA officials publish the National Provider Identification (NPI) numbers of all TRICARE providers. NPI numbers facilitate more accurate background checks of healthcare providers.
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.14.23294073v1" target="_blank">A Systematic Background Check of TRICARE Provider Names</a>
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<li><strong>KCL TEST: an open-source inspired asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 surveillance programme in an academic institution</strong> -
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Objectives: To establish a SARS-CoV-2 PCR testing programme in an academic institution to analyze saliva samples collected from asymptomatic staff and students. Design: PCR to detect SARS-CoV-2 RNA in saliva self-collected by asymptomatic students and staff members from King′s College London, and their household contacts. Standards for diagnostics testing set by the DHSC (UK) were followed to develop an automated saliva PCR service for SARS-CoV-2 detection. Prospective study that run from December 2020 until July 2022. Setting: Testing took place in an academic institution including 18 different locations in London (UK). Participants: There were no selection criteria; asymptomatic participants were encouraged to test regularly (twice weekly when on campus). Main outcome measures: Number of tests, number of participants and positive rate. Results: 158,277 PCR tests were carried out on saliva, of which 2,989 were positive (1.89%), collected by 20,186 participants. Between 10-30% of campus footfall were tested. The positive rate was equivalent to that reported by the Office for National Statistics (UK), except for the period encompassing the delta variant; this wave was nearly absent in our cohort. We employed non-commercial reagents and an open source-inspired automated pipeline for sample processing. This rapidly developed service was awarded UKAS accreditation under the ISO15189 standard. Conclusions: Including academic institutions in pandemic preparedness is a critical consideration, considering the experience in developing, validating, and implementing economic and scalable testing solutions. Given the joint ventures in hospital pathology departments across the UK and the move to centralised, automated, commercial tests, focusing on academic centres that can carry out research and development to test for novel and re-emerging pathogens should be a top priority.
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.25.23293154v3" target="_blank">KCL TEST: an open-source inspired asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 surveillance programme in an academic institution</a>
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<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-clinical-trials">From Clinical Trials</h1>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>THE EFFECT OF ARGININE AND GLUTAMINE ON COVID-19 PATIENTS OUTCOME: A RANDOMIZED CLINICAL TRIAL</strong> - <b>Condition</b>: COVID-19<br/><b>Intervention</b>: Dietary Supplement: Neomune<br/><b>Sponsors</b>: Universitas Sriwijaya; M. Djamil General Hospital<br/><b>Completed</b></p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Study of Obeldesivir in Children and Adolescents With COVID-19</strong> - <b>Condition</b>: COVID-19<br/><b>Intervention</b>: Drug: Obeldesivir<br/><b>Sponsor</b>: Gilead Sciences<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Immunogenicity and Safety of AdCLD-CoV19-1 OMI as a Booster: A COVID-19 Preventive Vaccine in Healthy Volunteers</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>: COVID-19; Vaccines<br/><b>Interventions</b>: Biological: AdCLD-CoV19-1 OMI; Biological: Comirnaty Bivalent 0.1mg/mL (tozinameran and riltozinameran)<br/><b>Sponsor</b>: Cellid Co., Ltd.<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Using Text Messages to Boost COVID-19 Vaccine Booking Rate</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>: Vaccination Hesitancy; COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>: Behavioral: Behavioural science-informed text messages; Behavioral: Control<br/><b>Sponsors</b>: The Behavioural Insights Team; Public Health England; Department of Health and Social Care; NHS England and NHS Improvement<br/><b>Completed</b></p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Digital Health Literacy on COVID-19 for All: Co-creation and Evaluation of Interventions for Ethnic Minorities and Chinese People With Chronic Illnesses in Hong Kong</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>: Digital Health Literacy; COVID-19<br/><b>Intervention</b>: Behavioral: Digital health literacy intervention<br/><b>Sponsor</b>: The Hong Kong Polytechnic University<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Ivermectin to Prevent SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) Hospitalisation in Subjects Over 50</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>: COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2<br/><b>Interventions</b>: Drug: Ivermectin; Drug: Placebo<br/><b>Sponsor</b>: Insud Pharma<br/><b>Terminated</b></p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Methylprednisolone in Patients With Cognitive Deficits in Post-COVID-19 Syndrome (PCS)</strong> - <b>Condition</b>: Post-COVID-19 Syndrome<br/><b>Intervention</b>: Drug: Methylprednisolone<br/><b>Sponsor</b>: Charite University, Berlin, Germany<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>COVID-19 Vaccination Hesitancy in Adults With Sickle Cell Disease</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>: Sickle Cell Disease; COVID-19 Vaccine; Vaccine Hesitancy<br/><b>Intervention</b>: Behavioral: SCD-specific COVID-19 vaccination information (SCVI) video<br/><b>Sponsors</b>: Duke University; American Society of Hematology<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Leveraging Community Health Workers to Combat COVID-19 and Mental Health Misinformation in Haiti, Malawi, and Rwanda</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>: Mental Health; COVID-19; Misinformation<br/><b>Interventions</b>: Behavioral: Card-Sorting Activity (Pre-intervention design); Behavioral: SMS Crafting (Pre-intervention design); Behavioral: SMS Messaging<br/><b>Sponsors</b>: Harvard Medical School (HMS and HSDM); Partners in Health<br/><b>Active, not recruiting</b></p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Effect of Pulmonary Rehabilitation Among Post-COVID-19 Patients in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Bangladesh</strong> - <b>Condition</b>: Pulmonary Pathology<br/><b>Intervention</b>: Behavioral: Pulmonary Rehabilitation<br/><b>Sponsor</b>: Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, Bangladesh<br/><b>Active, not recruiting</b></p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A Study to Learn About New COVD-19 RNA Vaccine Candidates for New Varients in Healthy Individuals</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>: SARS-CoV-2 Infection; COVID-19<br/><b>Intervention</b>: Biological: BNT162b2 (Omi XBB.1.5)<br/><b>Sponsors</b>: BioNTech SE; Pfizer<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Pulmonary Artery Pressure in COVID-19 Survivors</strong> - <b>Condition</b>: Pulmonary Hypertension Secondary<br/><b>Intervention</b>: Diagnostic Test: right heart catheterization (RHC).<br/><b>Sponsor</b>: Mansoura University Hospital<br/><b>Enrolling by invitation</b></p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Preliminary Efficacy of a Technology-based Physical Activity Intervention for Older Korean Adults During the COVID-19 Pandemic</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>: Cardiovascular Health; Physical Function<br/><b>Intervention</b>: Behavioral: Golden Circle<br/><b>Sponsor</b>: University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign<br/><b>Completed</b></p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Study of LAU-7b for the Treatment of Long COVID in Adults</strong> - <b>Condition</b>: Long COVID<br/><b>Interventions</b>: Drug: LAU-7b for 3 cycles; Drug: LAU-7b for 1 cycle, then placebo; Other: Placebo for 3 cycles<br/><b>Sponsor</b>: Laurent Pharmaceuticals Inc.<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Complementary and Integrative Medicine as an Online Intervention in Patients With Post-covid Syndrome After COVID-19</strong> - <b>Condition</b>: Post-COVID Syndrome<br/><b>Interventions</b>: Behavioral: Complementary and Integrative Medicine online intervention, routine care and book; Behavioral: Routine care and book<br/><b>Sponsor</b>: Charite University, Berlin, Germany<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
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<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-pubmed">From PubMed</h1>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Dexamethasone attenuates interferon-related cytokine hyperresponsiveness in COVID-19 patients</strong> - CONCLUSION: We describe the anti-inflammatory impact of dexamethasone on the pathways contributing to cytokine hyperresponsiveness observed in severe manifestations of COVID-19, including type I/II IFN signaling. Dexamethasone could have adverse effects in COVID-19 patients with mild symptoms by inhibiting IFN responses in early stages of the disease, whereas it exhibits beneficial effects in patients with severe clinical phenotypes by efficiently diminishing cytokine hyperresponsiveness.</p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Investigation of Iminosugars as Antiviral Agents against SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease: Inhibitor Design and Optimization, Molecular Docking, and Molecular Dynamics Studies to Explore Potential Inhibitory Effect of 1-Deoxynojirmycin Series</strong> - CONCLUSION: The present findings confer opportunities for compounds 17a, 7, and 8 that could be developed as new therapeutic agents against COVID-19. These compounds are suggested on the basis of pharmacokinetic parameters as well as therapeutic importance and hence could be tested in-vitro.</p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A complement atlas identifies interleukin-6-dependent alternative pathway dysregulation as a key druggable feature of COVID-19</strong> - Improvements in COVID-19 treatments, especially for the critically ill, require deeper understanding of the mechanisms driving disease pathology. The complement system is not only a crucial component of innate host defense but can also contribute to tissue injury. Although all complement pathways have been implicated in COVID-19 pathogenesis, the upstream drivers and downstream effects on tissue injury remain poorly defined. We demonstrate that complement activation is primarily mediated by the…</p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>The S1’-S3’ Pocket of the SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease Is Critical for Substrate Selectivity and Can Be Targeted with Covalent Inhibitors</strong> - The main protease (Mpro) of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a well-characterized target for antiviral drug discovery. To date, most antiviral drug discovery efforts have focused on the S4-S1’ pocket of Mpro; however, it is still unclear whether the S1’-S3’ pocket per se can serve as a new site for drug discovery. In this study, the S1’-S3’ pocket of Mpro was found to differentially recognize viral peptidyl substrates; for instance, S3’ in Mpro strongly favors Phe…</p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Cyclotheonellazoles D-I, Potent Elastase Inhibitory Thiazole-Containing Cyclic Peptides from <em>Theonella</em> sp. (2131)</strong> - Six new thiazole-containing cyclic peptides, the cyclotheonellazoles D-I (1-6), were isolated from the Australian marine sponge Theonella sp. (2131) with their structures assigned by comprehensive 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic and MS spectrometric analyses, Marfey’s derivatization studies, and comparison with time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) calculated ECD data. The Type 2 azole-homologated peptides herein comprise up to five nonproteinogenic amino acids, including the protease…</p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Assessment of efficacy and safety of endoscopic lung volume reduction with one-way valves in patients with a very low FEV<sub>1</sub></strong> - CONCLUSION: Our study highlights the potential efficacy of one-way valves, even in patients with very low FEV(1), as these patients experienced significant improvements in FEV(1), 6MWD and quality of life. No death was reported, suggesting a good safety profile, even in these high-risk patients.</p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Prevalence of oral complications in the course of severe SARS-CoV-2 infection under mechanical non-invasive ventilation</strong> - CONCLUSIONS: COVID-19 hospitalised patients with severe symptoms crossing with poor oral health-related conditions. This may exacerbate a response for COVID infection, and play a role in cytokine storm. For Covid-19 management, to inhibit extraoral/intraoral complications, it is recommended to adjust oral hygiene procedures, including antibacterial, protective, moisturising agents after individual oral health assessment.</p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>The Possible Mechanisms of Cu and Zn in the Treatment and Prevention of HIV and COVID-19 Viral Infection</strong> - Due to their unique properties and their potential therapeutic and prophylactic applications, heavy metals have attracted the interest of many researchers, especially during the outbreak of COVID-19. Indeed, zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu) have been widely used during viral infections. Zn has been reported to prevent excessive inflammatory response and cytokine storm, improve the response of the virus to Type I interferon (IFN-1), and enhance the production of IFN-a to counteract the antagonistic…</p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein inhibits the PKR-mediated integrated stress response through RNA-binding domain N2b</strong> - The nucleocapsid protein N of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) enwraps and condenses the viral genome for packaging but is also an antagonist of the innate antiviral defense. It suppresses the integrated stress response (ISR), purportedly by interacting with stress granule (SG) assembly factors G3BP1 and 2, and inhibits type I interferon responses. To elucidate its mode of action, we systematically deleted and over-expressed distinct regions and domains. We show that…</p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A Mixture of Essential Oils from Three Cretan Aromatic Plants Inhibits SARS-CoV-2 Proliferation: A Proof-of-Concept Intervention Study in Ambulatory Patients</strong> - INTRODUCTION: The need for effective therapeutic regimens for non-critically ill patients during the COVID-19 pandemic remained largely unmet. Previous work has shown that a combination of three aromatic plants’ essential oils (CAPeo) (Thymbra capitata (L.) Cav., Origanum dictamnus L., Salvia fruticose Mill.) has remarkable in vitro antiviral activity. Given its properties, it was urgent to explore its potential in treating mild COVID-19 patients in primary care settings.</p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Peptide foldamer-based inhibitors of the SARS-CoV-2 S protein-human ACE2 interaction</strong> - The entry of the SARS-CoV-2 virus into a human host cell begins with the interaction between the viral spike protein (S protein) and human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (hACE2). Therefore, a possible strategy for the treatment of this infection is based on inhibiting the interaction of the two abovementioned proteins. Compounds that bind to the SARS-CoV-2 S protein at the interface with the alpha-1/alpha-2 helices of ACE2 PD Subdomain I are of particular interest. We present a stepwise…</p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>CD36 mediates SARS-CoV-2-envelope-protein-induced platelet activation and thrombosis</strong> - Aberrant coagulation and thrombosis are associated with severe COVID-19 post-SARS-CoV-2 infection, yet the underlying mechanism remains obscure. Here we show that serum levels of SARS-CoV-2 envelope (E) protein are associated with coagulation disorders of COVID-19 patients, and intravenous administration of the E protein is able to potentiate thrombosis in mice. Through protein pull-down and mass spectrometry, we find that CD36, a transmembrane glycoprotein, directly binds with E protein and…</p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Upper Respiratory Tract OC43 Infection Model for Investigating Airway Immune-modifying Therapies</strong> - Respiratory virus infections initiate and transmit from the upper respiratory tract (URT). Coronaviruses, including OC43, are a major cause of respiratory infection and disease. Failure to mount an effective anti-viral immune response in the nasal mucosa increases the risk of severe disease and person to person transmission highlighting the need for URT infection models to support development of nasal treatments that improve coronavirus anti-viral immunity. We aimed to determine if OC43…</p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 lineages and associated saliva antibody responses among asymptomatic individuals in a large university community</strong> - SARS-CoV-2 (CoV2) infected, asymptomatic individuals are an important contributor to COVID transmission. CoV2-specific immunoglobulin (Ig)-as generated by the immune system following infection or vaccination-has helped limit CoV2 transmission from asymptomatic individuals to susceptible populations (e.g. elderly). Here, we describe the relationships between COVID incidence and CoV2 lineage, viral load, saliva Ig levels (CoV2-specific IgM, IgA and IgG), and ACE2 binding inhibition capacity in…</p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Management of chronic myelogenous leukemia with COVID-19 and hepatitis B</strong> - The application of immunosuppressive agents and targeted drugs has opened a novel approach for the treatment of hematological tumors, and the application of tyrosine kinase inhibitors for the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia is one of the landmark breakthroughs that has considerably improved the prognosis of CML patients. However, with the extensive use of TKI, the co-infection of CML patients has become increasingly apparent, especially regarding infectious diseases such as hepatitis B and…</p></li>
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<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-patent-search">From Patent Search</h1>
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