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635 lines
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<title>29 August, 2023</title>
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<title>Daily-Dose</title><meta content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" name="viewport"/><link href="styles/simple.css" rel="stylesheet"/><link href="../styles/simple.css" rel="stylesheet"/><style>*{overflow-x:hidden;}</style><link href="https://unpkg.com/aos@2.3.1/dist/aos.css" rel="stylesheet"/><script src="https://unpkg.com/aos@2.3.1/dist/aos.js"></script></head>
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<h1 data-aos="fade-down" id="daily-dose">Daily-Dose</h1>
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<h1 data-aos="fade-right" data-aos-anchor-placement="top-bottom" id="contents">Contents</h1>
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<ul>
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<li><a href="#from-new-yorker">From New Yorker</a></li>
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<li><a href="#from-vox">From Vox</a></li>
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<li><a href="#from-the-hindu-sports">From The Hindu: Sports</a></li>
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<li><a href="#from-the-hindu-national-news">From The Hindu: National News</a></li>
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<li><a href="#from-bbc-europe">From BBC: Europe</a></li>
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<li><a href="#from-ars-technica">From Ars Technica</a></li>
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<li><a href="#from-jokes-subreddit">From Jokes Subreddit</a></li>
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</ul>
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<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-new-yorker">From New Yorker</h1>
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<ul>
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<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>How a Man in Prison Stole Millions from Billionaires</strong> - With smuggled cell phones and a handful of accomplices, Arthur Lee Cofield, Jr., took money from large bank accounts and bought houses, cars, clothes, and gold. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/letter-from-the-south/how-a-man-in-prison-stole-millions-from-billionaires">link</a></p></li>
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<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>What a Heat Wave Does to Your Body</strong> - The human body is a remarkably effective cooling machine—but it has a limit. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/annals-of-a-warming-planet/what-a-heat-wave-does-to-your-body">link</a></p></li>
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<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Trump’s Mug Shot Is His True Presidential Portrait</strong> - He might be angry in the mug shot; he might even be scared. But he damn sure doesn’t look surprised. Nobody is. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/culture/annals-of-appearances/trumps-mug-shot-is-his-true-presidential-portrait">link</a></p></li>
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<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>The Case for Negotiating with Russia</strong> - Samuel Charap is asking Ukraine and its allies to consider how much worse the war could get. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/essay/the-case-for-negotiating-with-russia">link</a></p></li>
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<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Trump’s 2020 Trial Is Set to Dominate the 2024 Primary Season</strong> - Jury selection could begin a day before Super Tuesday. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/our-columnists/trumps-2020-trial-is-set-to-dominate-the-2024-primary-season">link</a></p></li>
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</ul>
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<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-vox">From Vox</h1>
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<li><strong>Governments have put $1 billion toward making better meat alternatives. A lot more is needed.</strong> -
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<figure>
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<img alt="" src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/Pcrcrl2dUPdfLdCX1ayHXFgr0N4=/211x0:3350x2354/1310x983/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_image/image/72588894/1575004132.0.jpg"/>
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<figcaption>
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A piece of Good Meat’s cultivated chicken is lifted off a plate at the Eat Just office on July 27, 2023, in Alameda, California. | Photo by Justin Sullivan/Getty Images
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</figcaption>
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</figure>
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
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We can grow no-kill meat at scale — it’s just a matter of funding.
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</p>
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="YjVE52">
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From <a href="https://www.vox.com/future-perfect/23801730/cell-cultivated-lab-grown-meat-jose-andres-upside-eat-just">“no-kill” chicken grown in bioreactors</a> to <a href="https://www.vox.com/future-perfect/23065941/vegan-vegetarian-plant-based-food-tech-bad-products">juicy plant-based burgers</a>,<strong> </strong>alternative protein options are cropping up (in extremely limited quantities) in the grocery aisle, at restaurants, and on your plate. The big question of the last few months, however, is whether alternative proteins could realistically scale to challenge conventional meat protein dominance.
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</p>
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="8Gfwlw">
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During the pandemic, <a href="https://www.healthline.com/health-news/more-people-eating-plant-based-protein">alternative proteins saw a rise</a> in consumer spending as people became more conscious of their health and the environmental impacts of traditional meat, and as meat shortages affected households. This year, though, <a href="https://www.fooddive.com/news/plant-based-meat-alternatives-continue-decline-sales/689470/">sales dropped</a>, and <a href="https://sentientmedia.org/plant-based-backlash-explained/">skepticism of alternative meat’s staying power</a> grew.
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</p>
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="zTHJoF">
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However, according to a recent report by the Good Food Institute, governments around the world are investing in public partnerships to the tune of <a href="https://gfi.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/State-of-Global-Policy-Report_2022.pdf">$1 billion</a> globally, indicating that alternative proteins could be an important component of <a href="https://www.edb.gov.sg/en/business-insights/insights/how-singapore-is-using-alternative-proteins-to-boost-food-security.html">national approaches to food security</a>.
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</p>
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="d3hCkE">
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The upshot: Governments around the world are more ready to fund alternative proteins in the wake of <a href="https://www.npr.org/2023/01/07/1147660525/global-food-prices-2022-record-high">unstable food prices in 2022</a>, a year that shed light on the effect of <a href="https://www.vox.com/world-politics/2023/7/19/23798701/black-sea-grain-deal-ukraine-russia-odesa-strikes">geopolitical tensions</a> on food security. By developing an alternative protein sector, countries such as <a href="https://www.sfa.gov.sg/food-for-thought/article/detail/a-sustainable-food-system-for-singapore-and-beyond#:~:text=Singapore%27s%2030%20by%2030%20goal,our%20nutritional%20needs%20by%202030.">Singapore</a> and <a href="https://vegconomist.com/politics-law/israels-food-tech-national-priority-eu-must-follow/">Israel</a> aim to be more self-sufficient while transforming their agriculture sector to be resistant in the face of wars, <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6409995/">climate change</a>, and <a href="https://www.economist.com/the-economist-explains/2023/07/26/what-will-be-the-impact-of-indias-rice-export-ban#:~:text=On%20July%2020th%20the%20government,grains%2C%20which%20are%20sold%20cheaply.">export bans</a>.
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</p>
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="7RsULi">
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Not only could investing more in alternative meats buoy countries’ food sovereignty aspirations, it could help their economies. If governments continue to invest in cellular agriculture — the process behind no-kill, lab-grown meat, different from <a href="https://www.vox.com/future-of-meat">plant-based meat</a> substitutes like Beyond or Impossible meat — then the report estimates that there could be $1.1 trillion in global economic activity by 2050 and 9.8 million jobs in the sector. For reference, the meat industry value globally was <a href="https://www.statista.com/statistics/502286/global-meat-and-seafood-market-value/">$897.5 billion in 2021</a>.
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</p>
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="a1theY">
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Though the $1 billion benchmark bodes well for the staying power of alternative protein, and it’s certainly enough to get some projects off the ground, the GFI report estimates that much more will be needed to truly scale alternative proteins — about $10.1 billion total.
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</p>
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="N5KuSo">
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That’s because, while veggie burgers have been around for a long time, making plant-based meat that is as affordable and tasty as conventional meat is still in the early stages — which means it’s expensive. That’s even more the case for cellular agriculture, which needs a whole set of infrastructure to produce real meat at scale. Both plant-based and cultured meat need government funding to get from lab to table in meaningful quantities.
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</p>
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Nl2Gqx">
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In the case of cellular agriculture, success depends most on advancements in the research and development phase, where technical hurdles, such as <a href="https://thecounter.org/lab-grown-cultivated-meat-cost-at-scale/">how to build sufficiently large bioreactor facilities</a>, remain. Success will also depend on the commercialization phase, where <a href="https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/usda-approves-first-lab-grown-chicken-in-the-united-states-180982417/">regulators approve the sale</a> of these new food products and production scales up to make cultivated meat affordable, but there are already positive signs in that direction: Regulators in the US have <a href="https://www.vox.com/future-perfect/23768224/eat-just-good-meat-upside-cell-cultivated-chicken-lab-grown">cleared two companies</a>, Upside Foods and Good Meat, to sell cultivated chicken in restaurants.
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</p>
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="GcM3Fu">
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Ultimately, though, in order to make cellular agriculture widely available, more than regulatory approval is needed. Governments must boldly provide funding to universities and public-private initiatives, through grants and investment. We know what global instability can do to a nation’s food security. It’s time to get a headstart on creating lower-emissions alternative proteins.
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</p>
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<h3 id="dAIydM">
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<strong>The technological and supply hurdles </strong>
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</h3>
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="6dzHHZ">
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Unlike other alternative protein options, such as the soy protein often used in vegan nuggets, creating cell-cultivated meat is a lot more involved.
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</p>
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="w1BkzL">
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The <a href="https://sentientmedia.org/lab-grown-meat/">cellular agriculture process </a>starts with the extraction of cells from a live animal, from a <a href="https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2023/06/21/1183484892/no-kill-meat-grown-from-animal-cells-is-now-approved-for-sale-in-the-u-s">needle biopsy</a>. Those animal cells are placed in a growth medium, <a href="https://medium.com/new-harvest/how-we-can-realistically-decrease-the-cost-of-culture-medium-for-cellular-agriculture-83850e3212ff#:~:text=A%20culture%20medium%20is%20a,cell%20line%20will%20%E2%80%9Cproliferate%E2%80%9D.">which feeds the cells</a> nutrients so that they grow and proliferate. After that, the cells are placed in a bioreactor, where they have a clean environment in which to replicate. Finally, the cells are placed onto a <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8787436/">scaffolding</a>, which can be made of synthetic collagen and gelatin or <a href="https://news.nus.edu.sg/plant-based-scaffold-for-cultured-meat/#:~:text=%E2%80%9CScaffolds%20made%20from%20plant%20proteins,up%20the%20growth%20of%20meat.">plant-based proteins</a>, that helps the cells mimic the texture of a cut of meat.
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</p>
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Z3hzhb">
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The final product of the cellular-agriculture process <a href="https://www.vox.com/future-perfect/23768224/eat-just-good-meat-upside-cell-cultivated-chicken-lab-grown">tastes like meat</a> because it is meat — just without the<a href="https://ffacoalition.org/facts/number-of-animals-killed/"> animal slaughter</a>, horrible <a href="https://ffacoalition.org/articles/dangerous-conditions-factory-farms/#:~:text=Workers%20are%20routinely%20exposed%20to,to%20suffer%20from%20mental%20illness.">work conditions</a> for humans, and <a href="https://www.vox.com/future-perfect/23778399/media-ignores-climate-change-beef-meat-dairy#:~:text=The%20tens%20of%20billions%20of,corn%20and%20soy%20they%20eat.">environmental consequences</a>, like producing 15 to 19 percent of global greenhouse emissions. <a href="https://www.vox.com/the-highlight/23378912/meat-animals-beef-cultivated-in-vitro-food-plant-based-animal-welfare-impossible-burger">As Vox’s Kenny Torrella has reported</a>, cellular agriculture could also “create an escape hatch from the meat paradox, allowing consumers to enjoy food they seemingly can’t get enough of, without the ethical and environmental side effects.”
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</p>
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="l2HMh6">
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But getting cell agriculture to take off is often talked about as a “<a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2021/04/24/opinion/climate-change-meatless-meat.html">moonshot</a>.” It will be tough to make the production process efficient and affordable enough to meet consumer demand for meat, and then there’s the hurdle of people accepting it as their go-to protein. It’ll require funding and collaboration across industrial, academic, and government stakeholders.
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</p>
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="KiFAFR">
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A large-scale production facility could cost <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666154322000916">$60 million</a>, according to a cost analysis published in the <em>Journal of Agriculture and Food Research </em>late last year<em>.</em> The largest contributors to cost are the growth medium, bioreactors, and labor. Good Meat’s Singapore production facility — which has the largest bioreactor in the cultivated meat space — was <a href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/douglasyu/2023/01/18/eat-just-to-scale-up-cultured-meat-production-on-gaining-new-regulatory-approval-in-singapore/?sh=545ae20a49d7#:~:text=The%20facility%2C%20supported%20by%20an,bioreactor%20technology%20company%20ABEC%2C%20Inc.">supported by a $100 million investment</a>. With <a href="https://www.statista.com/statistics/1379536/number-of-cultured-meat-companies/#:~:text=There%20were%20156%20cultured%20meat%20companies%20globally%20in%202022.">156 cultivated meat companies</a> as of 2022 around the world, building a cellular agriculture industry will require resources and money — they’ll all need pricey bioreactors, growth medium, cells, and scaffolding.
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</p>
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="hlrWeC">
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There are steps stakeholders could take to accelerate progress in the field, however. Compatibility across different parts of the supply chain can be made more efficient by making crucial information, such as <a href="https://gfi.org/science/the-science-of-cultivated-meat/deep-dive-cultivated-meat-cell-lines/">cell lines</a>, widely available. Collaboration could make it easier for university labs and startups developing cells to know if their cells are compatible with an animal-free growth medium, for example. <a href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/henrychesbrough/2011/03/21/everything-you-need-to-know-about-open-innovation/?sh=6ee88fbf75f4">Such open innovation</a> has a track record of success; it’s previously been used to <a href="https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/topcoder-community-refines-medical-kits-for-future-nasa-space-missions-99343569.html">develop software</a>, <a href="https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-50991-0_3">crop genetics</a>, and in the <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0160791X22000963">energy sector</a>.
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</p>
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="3OOJUp">
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The good news is that we’ve funded open innovation before to ensure success in fields where advancement is otherwise difficult. In 2012, the Obama administration launched <a href="https://www.manufacturingusa.com">Manufacturing USA</a>, a program with 16 institutes that use open innovation to advance everything from biomanufacturing to electronics. With the government absorbing some of the risk of investing in new, ambitious technologies, the component institutes worked to revitalize industry. The <a href="https://nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/ams/NIST.AMS.600-11.pdf">institutes have done everything</a> from making extreme weather textiles to reducing the cost of gene therapy to developing a chip that can detect viruses including coronavirus. Public funding can jumpstart the kind of infrastructure needed for different stakeholders, from academic labs to startups, to feel more comfortable about collaborating, creating jobs, and advancing technology.
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</p>
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<h3 id="9YojfQ">
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<strong>Why countries are investing heavily in cellular agriculture</strong>
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</h3>
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="fD6mZn">
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As the <a href="https://gfi.org/resource/alternative-proteins-state-of-global-policy/">Good Food Institute report</a> explains, several governments have begun to fund cellular agriculture in creative ways, ranging from grants to universities to using national investment funds to support initiatives.
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</p>
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="HFsahF">
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One motivating factor for some countries is to decrease their dependence on imports for livestock and boost food security. For instance, Singapore imports about 90 percent of its food. That degree of reliance on external sources means that any disruption can lead to high prices and food insecurity, as seen last year when neighboring <a href="https://apnews.com/article/russia-ukraine-politics-global-trade-malaysia-4188e124f886aeea8549f3bb363b3d3b">Malaysia stopped exporting live chickens to Singapore</a>. Currently, Singapore has an <a href="https://www.ourfoodfuture.gov.sg/30by30/">ambitious target </a>of producing 30 percent of its food domestically by 2030. The country’s small size — an island nation, it has little room for livestock — will make that a difficult goal to achieve, but cell agriculture could help facilitate it.
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</p>
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="vs4jNG">
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To reach that target, <a href="https://www.temasek.com.sg/en/index">Temasek</a>, Singapore’s state-owned innovation investment fund, became one of the top global investors in alternative proteins. Singapore has also partnered with universities in other countries, such as the <a href="https://www.bath.ac.uk/announcements/bath-signs-mou-with-a-star-in-singapore-for-a-partnership-in-sustainable-food-technologies/">University of Bath in the UK</a> (which has a <a href="https://stories.bath.ac.uk/culturing-meat-for-sustainable-nutrition/index.html">cellular agriculture research hub</a>). Additionally, Singapore is ahead of the pack when it comes to regulation. Their equivalent of the FDA, the Singapore Food Agency, was the <a href="https://www.vox.com/future-perfect/2020/12/2/22125518/lab-grown-chicken-meat-singapore-bioreactor-approve#:~:text=Two%20weeks%20ago%2C%20lab%2Dgrown,to%20issue%20such%20an%20approval.">first in the world to approve the sale of Good Meat’s cultivated chicken</a> in 2020.
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</p>
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="r8ObXs">
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Singapore isn’t the only small nation with food security concerns; Israel is also trying to develop a robust alternative proteins sector, including via cell agriculture. In 2020, Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu became the <a href="https://gfi.org/blog/cultivated-meat-tasting-israel/">first head of state to try cultivated meat</a> when he tasted <a href="https://aleph-farms.com">Aleph Farms</a> cultivated steak, and the country is also responsible for 24 percent of global investment in alternative proteins (about $637 million). Israel’s <a href="https://www.cultivated-meat.art">Cultivated Meat Consortium</a> is the largest government-backed consortium to date and was funded by $18 million from the <a href="https://innovationisrael.org.il/en/">Israel Innovation Authority</a> in 2022.
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="b5LiOK">
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Israel’s consortium is made up of 10 academic labs and 14 companies, including the largest food manufacturer in Israel, <a href="https://tnuvausa.com">TNUVA</a>. Israel has supported open-access facilities domestically as well as internationally, even adding alternative protein development to their <a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/1UHNBaFuUnYYtuJ9pqPjKA8ef4I0XGVbG/view">diplomatic toolkit</a>.
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</p>
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="eN4Aqk">
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In Europe, the Netherlands, too, faced anxieties around food security, spanning back to a deadly famine during World War II. After more than <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2018/01/31/science/dutch-famine-genes.html">20,000 Dutch died</a>, the government heavily invested in agriculture through subsidies, infrastructure investment in rural areas, and industrialization. The scar of starvation also motivated the country two decades ago to pledge to grow <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/interactive/2022/netherlands-agriculture-technology/">twice as much food</a>, with half as many resources. Now, it produces 6 percent of Europe’s food, with only 1 percent of the continent’s farmland, <a href="https://www.vox.com/the-highlight/23627509/netherlands-dairy-cow-protests-seeds-farming-agriculture-climate">reported Vox’s Kenny Torrella</a>.
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="6aqCbN">
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That drive for efficiency also spurred technological development in meat alternatives. In 2013, Dutch pharmacologist <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2013/05/14/science/engineering-the-325000-in-vitro-burger.html">Mark Post in 2013</a> invented the first cell-cultivated burger. Post engineered tissue for medical uses and <a href="https://www.labiotech.eu/interview/interview-mark-post-cultured-meat/">saw the potential benefits</a> the technology could have when applied to food production. Cell-cultivated meats, as well as plant-based alternatives, could help the small country to meet its wider goals — and would later make it a leader in the food tech space.
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="iJy8yx">
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A decade and $66.2 million later, the Dutch funded a cellular agriculture ecosystem with <a href="https://en.cellulaireagricultuur.nl">Cellulaire Agricultuur Nederland</a>, which not only supports crucial research, development, and commercialization efforts but also funds workforce transition programs by expanding educational routes to prepare students to work in cellular agriculture.
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</p>
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Developments in the Netherlands and elsewhere are meaningful, but for alternative proteins to have a significant positive global impact, China and the US — the world’s largest economies by an order of magnitude — both need to put more into developing the sector. China’s funding for alternative proteins is largely undisclosed, but <a href="https://www.greenqueen.com.hk/president-xi-supports-china-alt-protein-sector/">President Xi Jinping mentioned it</a> as a priority in 2022, in a speech to the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference. “It is necessary to expand from traditional crops and livestock and poultry resources to more abundant biological resources, develop biotechnology and bio-industry, and seek energy and protein from plants, animals, and micro-organisms,” Xi said.
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="L8IeV8">
|
||
Cultivated meat is included in <a href="https://www.nycfoodpolicy.org/food-policy-snapshot-china-five-year-agricultural-plan-cultivated-meat/#:~:text=Overview%3A%20China%20has%20released%20its,alternatives%20for%20the%20first%20time.&text=Program%20goals%3A%20To%20use%20technology,ensuring%20a%20sustainable%20food%20supply.">China’s agricultural five-year plan</a>, as well as in the <a href="https://digichina.stanford.edu/work/translation-14th-five-year-plan-for-national-informatization-dec-2021/#:~:text=The%20%E2%80%9C14th%20Five%2DYear%20Plan%E2%80%9D%20period%20is%20an%20important,of%20industry%20chains%2C%20promote%20the">National Development and Reform Commission’s five-year plan</a>. China has since held events like the <a href="https://www.greenqueen.com.hk/china-cultivated-meat-forum/">China Cellular Agriculture Forum</a> and a panel on cellular agriculture at the China International Food Safety and Quality Conference hosted by the China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment (CFSA).
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="fFuCmr">
|
||
Notably, the US has been outpaced when it comes to cultivated meat development, though Biden has expressed public support for it in <a href="https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/presidential-actions/2022/09/12/executive-order-on-advancing-biotechnology-and-biomanufacturing-innovation-for-a-sustainable-safe-and-secure-american-bioeconomy/">an executive order</a>. Congress, however, has only provided $6 million to the USDA’s Agricultural Resource Service, which is tasked with conducting research on alternative proteins. The National Institute of Food and Agriculture (NIFA) has thus far provided the most public money to a cellular agriculture project in the US, giving <a href="https://now.tufts.edu/2021/10/15/tufts-receives-10-million-grant-help-develop-cultivated-meat">$10 million in 2021 to Tufts University’s</a> Center for Cellular Agriculture, which is the first US lab to focus on cellular agriculture. By comparison, Israel gave $18 million for a cultivated meat consortium in 2022 and its <a href="https://georank.org/economy/israel/united-states">GDP is ranked 34th in the world</a> whereas the US is ranked first.
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Wi08SP">
|
||
Relative to the size of the US food industry, however, that’s not all that much money. By comparison, small countries are punching above their weight when it comes to public funding for cell agriculture — and for the $10.1 billion estimate in the GFI report to be in reach, the US will have to step up.
|
||
</p></li>
|
||
<li><strong>China’s economy is slowing down. What gives?</strong> -
|
||
<figure>
|
||
<img alt="SOUTH AFRICA-JOHANNESBURG-XI JINPING-BRICS-AFRICA OUTREACH AND BRICS PLUS DIALOGUE" src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/OR7qh8haYQl9Oax7WonzKIvavxE=/0x0:2890x2168/1310x983/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_image/image/72588839/1622674566.0.jpg"/>
|
||
<figcaption>
|
||
Chinese President Xi Jinping delivers a speech titled “Hand in Hand Toward a Community of Shared Development” at the BRICS-Africa Outreach and BRICS Plus Dialogue in Johannesburg, South Africa, Aug. 24, 2023. | Photo by Li Xueren/Xinhua via Getty Images
|
||
</figcaption>
|
||
</figure>
|
||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
|
||
An expert helps explain China’s economic woes.
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="3ePDo0">
|
||
By now you’ve probably heard, <a href="https://www.economist.com/leaders/2023/08/24/why-chinas-economy-wont-be-fixed">China’s economy is not doing so well</a>.
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="AWqxrS">
|
||
The country’s <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2023/08/21/business/china-economy-real-estate-crisis.html">once-booming real estate sector</a> is stalled. China has slipped into <a href="https://www.cnbc.com/2023/08/24/chinas-deflation-could-spill-over-into-a-global-concern-economists-say.html">deflation</a>. <a href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2023-08-07/china-foreign-investment-gauge-at-25-year-low-amid-high-tensions">Foreign direct investment is down</a>. So are <a href="https://www.bbc.com/news/business-66436582">exports</a>. <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2023/08/15/business/china-youth-unemployment.html">Youth unemployment</a> reached a record high of more than 20 percent in June. And this is just what we know. After all, China has slowly <a href="https://twitter.com/jburnmurdoch/status/1691341030925193216?s=20">stopped releasing lots of public economic data</a>, making it hard to get a complete picture.
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="0cD7NO">
|
||
What we do know is that the story of China’s unimpeded economic rise is turning out to be a bit more complicated — and it may have been a long time coming, <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2023/04/17/business/china-gdp-q1-2023.html">with or without China’s very strict Covid-19 pandemic policies</a>. All of this could have profound economic, political, and social fallout for Beijing, and the rest of the world.
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="VvEEWl">
|
||
Before getting there, it’s worth trying to figure out the basics on why China’s economy is struggling right now. To do that, Vox called up Stephen Morgan, a professor emeritus of Chinese Economic History at the University of Nottingham, who wrote a <a href="https://www.agendapub.com/page/detail/the-chinese-economy/?k=9781788210805">book on the Chinese economy</a>.
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="BJCFnD">
|
||
Basically, China’s economy is out of balance and has been for some time. Investments dominate the country’s economy, far more than consumption — that is, what households are spending. It didn’t matter so much when investment juiced China’s GDP in good times, and indeed, kept China’s economy afloat during the Covid-19 pandemic.
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="WcmsCj">
|
||
But that investment playbook has been losing its potency. A chunk of <a href="https://www.wsj.com/world/china/china-economy-debt-slowdown-recession-622a3be4">investments are unproductive</a> — for example, a shiny new airport is great, but if it sits empty and no one travels through it, that’s not a great return on investment. But whether the airport is busy or a ghost town, it required bonds and loans to build. That produced growth, but it also increased China’s debt, so much so that right now, <a href="https://asia.nikkei.com/Business/Markets/China-debt-crunch/China-s-debt-ratio-hits-record-high-at-3-times-GDP">it’s triple — yep, around 300 percent — of China’s economic output</a>. “That doesn’t really matter until the debt has to be settled. More stimulus simply increases debt and delays the reckoning,” Morgan said.
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="rAPlpU">
|
||
What that reckoning might look like is hard to answer because the Chinese government and its leader, President Xi Jinping, are not exactly known for transparency. As Morgan sees it, China is dealing with a “slow fizzle.” But how Xi and his government manage that fizzle is far from an easy question for anyone to answer.
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="4nrMUL">
|
||
Our conversation below has been edited for length and clarity.
|
||
</p>
|
||
<h4 id="oU85at">
|
||
Jen Kirby
|
||
</h4>
|
||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="SaprVR">
|
||
There’s all this talk about <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2023/07/17/business/china-economy-slowdown-global-growth.html">China’s economic slowdown</a>. But I wanted to ask first, broadly, what is, or has been, the “China model”?
|
||
</p>
|
||
<h4 id="v6HU4t">
|
||
Stephen Morgan
|
||
</h4>
|
||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="VbVZfb">
|
||
The best way to think about what the Chinese model of economic development is is to think of it as an investment-led model. When China began to reengage with the world economy, over 40 years ago now, it suffered from chronic underinvestment: housing, infrastructure, education, services, etc., were very poor.
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="wGL3g8">
|
||
By about the middle of the 2000s — around 2005, or so — China had actually filled up a fair bit of that. It was about that time that Premier <a href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Wen-Jiabao">Wen Jiabao</a> urged a shift away from investment to consumption.
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="r4pYly">
|
||
As soon as we start to talk about investment and consumption, I think we need to also make clear what we mean in terms of that, and of GDP [gross domestic product]. People tend to think of GDP in terms of output of goods and services. The other way economists think of GDP is: What are the inputs to creating those outputs? The most important inputs to creating growth are, firstly, investment. Secondly, household consumption. Plus government services, and a little bit in terms of net inputs. But it’s investment and household consumption that really matters.
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="dJBd2X">
|
||
From the 1980s right through until the early 2000s, household consumption [in China] was roughly <a href="https://www.piie.com/blogs/realtime-economics/can-china-revive-growth-through-private-consumption">around 48 percent,</a> and so the rest went on investment and government services. But beginning around 2000, just after China joined the World Trade Organization, there was another huge burst of economic growth. <a href="https://www.piie.com/blogs/realtime-economics/can-china-revive-growth-through-private-consumption">Household consumption massively collapsed</a> to reach about only 34 percent in 2010. Investment was nearly 50 percent of GDP. Now, how does that compare to the world average? Well, roughly, the world average for household <a href="https://www.theglobaleconomy.com/rankings/household_consumption/#:~:text=Household%20consumption%20as%20percent%20of,available%20from%201960%20to%202022.">consumption is about 60 percent</a>. If you’re looking at the United States, <a href="https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/DPCERE1Q156NBEA">it’s around 70 percent</a>.
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="55AxZR">
|
||
China is at the other extreme. It got down to 34 percent. <a href="https://www.ceicdata.com/en/indicator/china/private-consumption--of-nominal-gdp">At present, it’s still 38 percent.</a> So you’ve got a problem. There’s been an excessive amount of investment, particularly in real estate and infrastructure for the last 15 years. What that has done is massively increased China’s debt level. But it also means the Chinese household just really doesn’t have the share of income to actually spend. So when the Chinese government talks about increasing consumption, in truth, the only way it can increase consumption is to try to transfer assets and cash from companies and the government to the households. That’s the bind that China is in at present.
|
||
</p>
|
||
<h4 id="yn7FIf">
|
||
Jen Kirby
|
||
</h4>
|
||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="fIA3o8">
|
||
Can you talk a little bit more about this investment?
|
||
</p>
|
||
<h4 id="uMny8w">
|
||
Stephen Morgan
|
||
</h4>
|
||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="89N4St">
|
||
Investment is largely going into, as I said, infrastructure, real estate. At present, probably about 40 percent of that is unproductive. One way to think of that is “bridges to nowhere.” The thing about investment is it doesn’t matter whether the bridge goes to nowhere or it actually serves a purpose. It produces GDP growth.
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Pe3MI3">
|
||
When I was living in China, between 2013 and 2020, <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/place/Ningbo,+Zhejiang,+China/@30.1054619,121.0711877,9.08z/data=!4m6!3m5!1s0x344d6354630858f7:0x948723f846ccf173!8m2!3d29.868336!4d121.54399!16zL20vMDFsMzNs?entry=ttu">in Ningbo,</a> I used to take the bus to work every day. The bus stops between my apartment and the university were rebuilt three times — three times in about six years. The first time they needed rebuilding. The second time, there were some nice improvements, like electronic boards that told you when the bus was going to come. The third time they rebuilt all the bus stops with so much steel you would need a tank to knock them down. Other than that, there was very little welfare benefit. That’s wasted investment.
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="KcTRmZ">
|
||
This increase in investment means that local government has to get the money from somewhere. Basically, it gets that through loans and bonds and so on. Debt levels have gone up. They don’t really matter, unless they have to be settled. And that’s the problem. They haven’t been settled. They just keep on being pushed out.
|
||
</p>
|
||
<h4 id="HE0nuu">
|
||
Jen Kirby
|
||
</h4>
|
||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="jO4vO9">
|
||
The problem now seems to be that China can’t keep relying on that investment playbook. You have all these bills due, you have so much debt, so if you invest more, you make the problem worse, not better. Is that the best way to look at it?
|
||
</p>
|
||
<h4 id="uPWYtv">
|
||
Stephen Morgan
|
||
</h4>
|
||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="ScXRJ0">
|
||
I think you hit it on the head, Jen. The Chinese investment-led model ran out of steam quite a few years ago but it’s been kept going because there’s been a reluctance to try to shift from investment to consumption.
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="zLiEKF">
|
||
The reason for that is what it will mean. You’ve got to transfer assets and cash from the corporate sector and the government sector to the household. That means that corporations, like big property developments, local governments, and so on, are not going to have the resources they previously had. These big companies, many of them are state-run, and local government, which is state-run, there are lots of vested interests. They don’t want to see that happen.
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="RKV1M9">
|
||
Could China do it? Well, yes.
|
||
</p>
|
||
<h4 id="VNee89">
|
||
Jen Kirby
|
||
</h4>
|
||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="suf8Y8">
|
||
So is China trying to shift this balance toward consumption and just can’t? Is that the fundamental issue here?
|
||
</p>
|
||
<h4 id="oUfEKv">
|
||
Stephen Morgan
|
||
</h4>
|
||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="4IinZt">
|
||
If we think about what’s been happening over the last couple of months, the Chinese economy seems to be — or is — faltering. Growth has been slowing. The hoped-for post-Covid resurgence has not occurred. How has the Chinese government responded? With only rather small and piecemeal policy measures. Lots of people have become, let’s say, disappointed with these lackluster initiatives.
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="9GNZKu">
|
||
In particular, they have wondered to themselves: “Why hasn’t the Chinese government gone for the usual playbook — stimulus?” That’s what kept the Chinese economy going from the global financial crisis of 2007 through 2009 to the present. They ramped up investment primarily during that period, and basically, they haven’t been able to take it back.
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="mADvMJ">
|
||
All of these piecemeal changes seem to be aimed at trying to keep everything together, to let the big corporation slowly unwind, in a sense, to what I call to fizzle.
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="cbzncO">
|
||
But there’s no evidence that Xi and the party are listening and engaging in imaginative policies to shift resources from corporations and the government sector to the household sector.
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="788Kcq">
|
||
That would include, for example, increasing pensions, increasing health insurance, or the gap in health insurance, so that people know if they got sick, they would be able to get treated much more extensively before they would have to start to pay. If you increase health insurance, then people won’t need to save so much, so they’ll spend. If you increase pensions, which are really tiny, then retired people — and remember, women in urban China have to retire at 55, and most males in urban China have to retire at 60 — will have more money to spend.
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="dmasND">
|
||
The other thing would be policies, like what some of the provincial governments did around 2020 to try to keep their regional economies alive during Covid, which was to give coupons to residents that gave them a discount if they spent more than a certain amount of money in restaurants or on food each month. There’s a report that I saw quoted recently <a href="https://bfi.uchicago.edu/wp-content/uploads/China-coupon-experiment-full-version-V4.pdf">that this had a huge multiplier effect</a>. People went out and spent money in restaurants, and that kept more people employed, who in turn spent money, and so on.
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="HduGtj">
|
||
But there’s no evidence that the Chinese government will engage in any imaginative change to policy, either direct cash handouts, increased pensions, or increased health benefits. If you get the gist from what Xi says, Xi is very much against it, he reckons people should put up with hardship, it makes them strong.
|
||
</p>
|
||
<h4 id="eWQ4gG">
|
||
Jen Kirby
|
||
</h4>
|
||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="ahMntD">
|
||
If the current trajectory is unsustainable, though, why is there resistance from corporations and local governments?
|
||
</p>
|
||
<h4 id="kByl1p">
|
||
Stephen Morgan
|
||
</h4>
|
||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="KdhMe5">
|
||
For corporates, it is going to reduce their profits. For local government, what it primarily means is they will not be able to grow the local economy in ways that will [show up] in GDP data. If the local officials cannot meet targets for local economic growth, those local officials are not going to get promoted.
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="8SAKCm">
|
||
China’s <a href="https://www.cnbc.com/2023/03/05/china-sets-gdp-target-of-around-5percent-for-2023.html">forecast GDP for 2023 is 5 percent</a>. When the Chinese government announced that, the local governments knew they had to do something that would generate economic activity in the local area that would get that 5 percent level. The Chinese central government would help to make funds available, either through state banks, through the various credit controls. In turn, those local governments go out and, let’s say, release more land to corporate real estate developers, who then build more houses that aren’t really needed, but still grow the economy and grow the debt level.
|
||
</p>
|
||
<h4 id="j6i6fa">
|
||
Jen Kirby
|
||
</h4>
|
||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="B3qE6Y">
|
||
I’m no economist here, but I’m thinking of what the US did during the pandemic: just <a href="https://www.vox.com/22348364/united-states-stimulus-covid-coronavirus">give people cash</a>. Why can’t China do the same — say here’s some money, go out and spend it — to help boost consumption, if that’s what it needs to do?
|
||
</p>
|
||
<h4 id="nl2roT">
|
||
Stephen Morgan
|
||
</h4>
|
||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="0MS8Xx">
|
||
Going back to what I said before, it’s about the imagination of the Chinese government and the party. In a sense, it’s about the psyche of Xi. Xi is of the view that the problem is young people and others don’t want to work hard enough. It’s very much like a strong right-wing aversion, that we find in Western economies, to giving handouts to the poor: If they worked harder they wouldn’t be that in that situation. That’s the sort of view that informs Xi.
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="gV23KP">
|
||
Then Xi also has the sort of leftist view of <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/2023/07/24/what-s-next-as-china-s-tech-crackdown-winds-down/2c180fc2-29f8-11ee-a948-a5b8a9b62d84_story.html">not trusting entrepreneurs and innovators</a>. Both of these tensions are coming together to strangle the capabilities of the Chinese economy to grow.
|
||
</p>
|
||
<h4 id="6EGuzY">
|
||
Jen Kirby
|
||
</h4>
|
||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="W455WF">
|
||
So how does China unravel this, especially if it seems somewhat linked to Xi himself?
|
||
</p>
|
||
<h4 id="FhVn18">
|
||
Stephen Morgan
|
||
</h4>
|
||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="FqJ16o">
|
||
One of the things that the [Chinese Community] Party and government needs to try to do is to effect some sort of change in shifting from an investment-led model to a consumption model, without blowing up the economy and blowing up the party.
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="m0c1Zx">
|
||
The political dynamic here is about enabling households to obtain a bigger share of the overall economic pie while also permitting corporations not to collapse, and also ensure that local government does not collapse. Because either of those would generate social unrest.
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Qpy5bq">
|
||
If local government starts to fall apart, then local services will fall apart. If all these real estate companies start collapsing — and particularly people who have paid for their apartment but have not yet received it — they are going to be very unhappy. If the real estate companies go into a fire sale, property prices will fall even further. Lots of people who own property aren’t going to be very happy. That’s a huge risk for the party and the state at all levels from local government, through provincial government, to the central government. Managing that is extremely difficult, and I really have no sense, to put it bluntly, what might actually transpire.
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="bpnwCO">
|
||
We might think because they’ve got a lot of security services that they are very solid. But one of the things about authoritarian regimes — even ones that have huge security structures, such as China — is that these end up being quite fragile, and you very quickly get stuff unraveling.
|
||
</p>
|
||
<h4 id="iUquhQ">
|
||
Jen Kirby
|
||
</h4>
|
||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="JyVgRW">
|
||
All of this makes it seem like fixing this could have unpredictable consequences, but so could just letting things stay as they are.
|
||
</p>
|
||
<h4 id="1a2r8H">
|
||
Stephen Morgan
|
||
</h4>
|
||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="setchU">
|
||
The thing for us is that the Chinese economy now is really big. It’s the second largest in the world. If it completely unravels, it’s going to have huge consequences, not just for China, but for the rest of the world. There are many, many big corporations in the US, Western Europe, and elsewhere, that are heavily committed and tied to China. Chinese consumers and Chinese companies will stop buying services and products. You’re going to have this global contraction that will occur.
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="3NNk5j">
|
||
On top of that is the potential for disturbances. A China that becomes chaotic internally could end up being a much more dangerous China for the rest of the world than one that’s just fizzling along like it is now.
|
||
</p>
|
||
<h4 id="86QuYb">
|
||
Jen Kirby
|
||
</h4>
|
||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="pN7OX9">
|
||
Well, I guess that’s the question then: Will it stay on a fizzle? How do you see the path the Chinese economy is on right now?
|
||
</p>
|
||
<h4 id="7uoblk">
|
||
Stephen Morgan
|
||
</h4>
|
||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="0blimL">
|
||
My view for almost a decade has been that there’s no way the Chinese economy will overtake the US. I think that’s become much more clear now.
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="IXGiID">
|
||
It’s a big economy. It’s used up all its potential to simply keep on doing what it had been doing previously, and growing. It’s going to be an economy that will be growing much, much more slowly, assuming that the Chinese state and party are able to stop a major crisis emerging in terms of a big recession, or financial crisis, with indebted property developers, indebted local government collapsing. I think at the end of the day, Xi and the party will do their utmost to try to stop that.
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="SlsAGz">
|
||
Nevertheless, economic growth will slow to around 2 to 3 percent, at best. In the context of <a href="https://www.vox.com/23815490/joe-biden-economy-bidenomics-jobs-inflation-2024-election">how the American economy most recently has been doing</a>, this is pretty amazing. The gap between China and America is actually widening at present, rather than contracting. What we’re going to see is China going along a path where it does succeed with its investments in education, in some productive areas of technology, in innovating, and continuing to grow, but nowhere near the speed it has previously grown, and nowhere near the speed that will be necessary for it to massively close the gap between China and the US.
|
||
</p>
|
||
<h4 id="DuSR47">
|
||
Jen Kirby
|
||
</h4>
|
||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="ph8hzr">
|
||
This is a bit of an oversimplification, but there seemed to be a pact between the Chinese government and the people that, as long the economy was growing, people’s lives were improving and comfortable, then they would accept some of China’s less than democratic policies, like surveillance and censorship, for example. Will China’s slow fizzle alter this and have some political and social consequences?
|
||
</p>
|
||
<h4 id="lx3Lg5">
|
||
Stephen Morgan
|
||
</h4>
|
||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="UT5BZn">
|
||
The short answer is yes. Exactly what would it look like will depend on how that slowdown occurs.
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="VnrGvc">
|
||
Since about 1989, and the Tiananmen Square protests, there has been a basic social contract between the citizens of China and the party. The party will try to ensure good management of the economy and your and your family’s ability to share in the growth that occurs, as long as you stay off the streets and don’t engage in politics. We will protect you. We will ensure you have your wealth and you can continue to produce wealth.
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="ROCbb7">
|
||
Xi has changed that. The most clear example of that was the way <a href="https://www.economist.com/business/2023/01/19/chinas-tech-crackdown-starts-to-ease">he turned on tech entrepreneurs in 2020</a>. Sure, there was a lot of excess, there was a lot of monopoly and anti-competitive behavior. But these big private-sector firms had been very innovative and major drivers of economic growth.
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="gMF3lx">
|
||
Similarly, during Covid, we see increasingly tighter controls and zero-Covid measures, where even a single illness in your neighborhood led to complete shutdown — that hit everyone. That hit your livelihood, that hit your family. We had <a href="https://www.rfa.org/english/news/china/statistics-11082022135208.html">reports </a>of men and women not able to stand the isolation, jumping off their apartment buildings. That undermined that social contract, and I think that was very much behind <a href="https://www.vox.com/world/2022/12/1/23486439/china-covid-zero-protests">the sort of protests that we saw last October and November</a>, which then finally led to the lifting of controls.
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="uQ7v2m">
|
||
There will need to be some sort of refashioning of that social contract. I’m not sure that Xi is the leader who can or is willing to do that because that would involve relinquishing authority. It would involve reopening Chinese society to greater dialogue and diversity of views instead of simply toeing the line.
|
||
</p>
|
||
<h4 id="a6wI5k">
|
||
Jen Kirby
|
||
</h4>
|
||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="NU8xmS">
|
||
There’s a pretty sturdy bipartisan consensus in Washington that China is a threat, and the <a href="https://www.vox.com/joe-biden">Biden administration</a> has pursued <a href="https://foreignpolicy.com/2023/08/20/derisking-decoupling-us-china-biden-economy-trade-technology-semiconductors-chips-supply-chains-ai-geopolitics-escalation/">“decoupling”</a> — reducing dependence on Chinese technology, for example, and also trying to cut China off from key tech, <a href="https://carnegieendowment.org/2022/10/27/biden-s-unprecedented-semiconductor-bet-pub-88270">like semiconductors</a>. The US is getting our <a href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2023-07-24/how-us-and-allies-are-trying-to-rein-in-china-tech-quicktake">allies to go along with it</a>. But if China’s economy implodes, it seems like it would be bad for everyone, so I wonder: how do you think the US and its partners should approach China right now?
|
||
</p>
|
||
<h4 id="afkNKf">
|
||
Stephen Morgan
|
||
</h4>
|
||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Qecasn">
|
||
It’s a bit like asking, “How long is a piece of string?” I would reply, “How long do you want it?”
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="0fjzh0">
|
||
But seriously, I think I’d begin by saying that I personally think decoupling is neither feasible nor desirable. That does not mean we should not engage in development of policies and measures that protect economies — and our way of life, for that matter — from some of the potentially adverse outcomes from China. That’s very much about de-risking, about how do you continue to collaborate with China, but yet do it in a way that ensures you don’t endanger your own national security, you don’t endanger your own economy.
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="LtFFz9">
|
||
The difficulty is, not only is China a much bigger economy now, but in many areas, China now has capabilities that are actually beneficial or useful for America, for the West. In some technologies, or aspects of technologies, it might even be more advanced.
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="haFrZ7">
|
||
The manufacturing process technology of China is better than just about anywhere else in the world. It’s not like that because China invented it, but because China learned how to do it so well, through all the investment that came with post-WTO introduction of Western supply chains into China.
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="FLzl1X">
|
||
We in the West — whether the US, UK, Europe, Australia, whatever — we need to engage with China still, so that we can share in that. But also we need to be able to protect ourselves from the Chinese capturing, let’s say, trade secrets or innovations that could be turned back. That’s going to be difficult.
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="ymxQGt">
|
||
At the end of the day, it doesn’t matter whether the US is collaborating with the UK or Australia. There’s going to be a tension and there’s going to be a risk that one company in one country is going to discover what another has and run off with it. That’s the way the business has always gone. Let’s face it, the United States of America wouldn’t have had its Industrial Revolution if it hadn’t been so successful in stealing lots of British technology and railways and textiles in the 1880s, which it did very successfully.
|
||
</p>
|
||
<h4 id="io7W51">
|
||
Jen Kirby
|
||
</h4>
|
||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="tSbxyY">
|
||
If you’ll indulge me one more: Who do you think gives first, Xi or the Chinese economy?
|
||
</p>
|
||
<h4 id="lEsU4E">
|
||
Stephen Morgan
|
||
</h4>
|
||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="7blMli">
|
||
I’ve got no idea.
|
||
</p></li>
|
||
<li><strong>The “I would simply …” candidate</strong> -
|
||
<figure>
|
||
<img alt="Vivek Ramaswamy turning and smiling in a crowd." src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/gkLUZxZGszvUcKplEbPGZg2S_V8=/218x0:5462x3933/1310x983/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_image/image/72588786/GettyImages_1619656311.0.jpg"/>
|
||
<figcaption>
|
||
Vivek Ramaswamy in the spin room following the Republican primary presidential debate hosted by Fox News in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, on August 23, 2023. | Al Drago/Bloomberg via Getty
|
||
</figcaption>
|
||
</figure>
|
||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
|
||
Vivek Ramaswamy says he would simply just solve America’s tough problems.
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="9xG4sU">
|
||
At last week’s Republican <a href="https://www.vox.com/politics/2023/4/27/23700848/donald-trump-joe-biden-presidential-debates-2024-election">presidential debate</a>, the moderators asked whether Vice President <a href="https://www.vox.com/mike-pence">Mike Pence</a> did the right thing in refusing <a href="https://www.vox.com/donald-trump">Donald Trump</a>’s demands that he try to overturn <a href="https://www.vox.com/joe-biden">Joe Biden</a>’s victory when <a href="https://www.vox.com/congress">Congress</a> counted the electoral votes on January 6, 2021. Six of the eight candidates present said Pence did the right thing. A seventh candidate was Pence himself. <a href="https://www.vox.com/2024-elections/23720391/vivek-ramaswamy-affirmative-action-woke-capitalism-ideas">Vivek Ramaswamy</a>, the remaining candidate onstage, was not directly asked.
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="vH3w7H">
|
||
It was a potentially difficult question for Ramaswamy, who has recently <a href="https://projects.fivethirtyeight.com/polls/president-primary-r/2024/national/">risen to third place</a> in national polls but has studiously avoided breaking from Trump in any high-profile way. So on Sunday, <a href="https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/2024-election/vivek-ramaswamy-says-ve-certified-2020-election-results-rcna102010">NBC’s Chuck Todd asked him directly</a>: Did Pence do the right thing?
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="7YPeqG">
|
||
Ramaswamy offered a response of blithe bullshittery that epitomizes why he’s gained in <a href="https://www.vox.com/politics/2023/2/23/23611828/2024-republican-presidential-candidates-trump-hurd">GOP primary</a> polls lately, why so many of his fellow GOP candidates can’t stand him, and why Democrats view his rise as a sign of the worrying authoritarian drift of the GOP. In other words, his answer had something for everyone.
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="d45uET">
|
||
While not endorsing Trump’s specific claim that the <a href="https://www.vox.com/2020-presidential-election">2020 election</a> was stolen — a claim that Ramaswamy, before launching his campaign, <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2023/08/26/us/politics/vivek-ramaswamy-2024-campaign-fact-check.html">wrote</a> was “weak” and not “grounded in fact” — he nevertheless said that Pence should have somehow forced Democrats to agree to a sweeping national overhaul of election rules as a prerequisite for letting Biden’s win go forward.
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="zw4zye">
|
||
On the website formerly known as <a href="https://www.vox.com/twitter">Twitter</a>, there’s long been a running joke where the tweeter claims “I would simply” do something that is actually extremely difficult. (“If i ever fell in some quicksand i would simply thrash around until i was out. it’s that simple,” <a href="https://knowyourmeme.com/memes/i-would-simply">was the first version</a>.) Vivek Ramaswamy is the “I would simply …” candidate in the 2024 race. Our nation’s most challenging issues? Well, he’d simply solve them, unlike those other louts.
|
||
</p>
|
||
<h3 id="ihtuLm">
|
||
What Vice President Vivek Ramaswamy supposedly would have done on January 6
|
||
</h3>
|
||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="G1s27z">
|
||
Ramaswamy began his response to the question of what Pence should have done by stating, “I think that there was a historic opportunity that he missed to unite the country.” Specifically, he went on, Pence should have demanded a new federal law that states require “single-day voting on Election Day,” mandatory paper ballots, and voter ID.
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="nNOtEO">
|
||
How should Pence have made that happen? Simple — he would have led! “In my capacity as president of the Senate, I would have led through that level of reform, then on that condition certified the election results, served it up to the president — President Trump — then to sign that into law,” Ramaswamy said. Who could object?
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="0adw3O">
|
||
Of course, many red states across the country have lengthy mail and early voting periods because Republicans are well aware that they have not resulted in significant fraud. Also of course, the vice president’s role in ordinary Senate business is essentially limited to casting tie-breaking votes, and on January 6, the Constitution tells him only to “open all the certificates” of electoral votes.
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="W3IzMk">
|
||
But if we take Ramaswamy seriously (a questionable choice, but let’s go with it), he’s claiming he would have tried to strong-arm Congress into submitting and passing his preferred election proposal, saying he’d reject Biden’s victory unless they complied. The idea that such a move would have “united” the country rather than throwing it into a deeper crisis seems obviously false.
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="N3GCDx">
|
||
Throughout his campaign, Ramaswamy has made proposals of dubious legality and practicality. For instance, he’s said he’ll simply fire “<a href="https://www.vox.com/2024-elections/23720391/vivek-ramaswamy-affirmative-action-woke-capitalism-ideas">at least half</a>” of federal employees in violation of the law and that he’ll just make broad claims of presidential power and hope the <a href="https://www.vox.com/scotus">Supreme Court</a> declines to stop him. On foreign policy, he’s said he would simply <a href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/vivek-ramaswamy-gop-debate-foreign-policy-ukraine-russia-china-taiwan-9714aa99">turn Russia against China</a> (despite the two nations’ claims of a “<a href="https://www.reuters.com/world/china/moscow-beijing-partnership-has-no-limits-2022-02-04/">no limits” partnership</a>). To deal with Chinese designs on Taiwan, he’s said he’ll guarantee a US military response only until America is no longer reliant on Taiwan to manufacture semiconductors — which he says he’ll accomplish by 2028. Simple!
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="cJQPwA">
|
||
In response, experts pull their hair out, established politicians (like his debate stage rivals) complain it’s not so simple, and journalists write tut-tutting fact-checks. But so long as all this sounds enough like “common sense” to GOP primary voters, Ramaswamy won’t be hurt in the polls and may even be helped, since many of those voters wouldn’t trust experts or journalists anyway.
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="JUzOE2">
|
||
All of that surely sounds familiar, since Trump has long followed a similar playbook of promising big with little regard to what was plausible or made sense. But where Trump’s talk often came off <a href="https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2016/09/trump-makes-his-case-in-pittsburgh/501335/">as half-serious showman bluster</a>, Ramaswamy is more the high-achieving millennial who’s crammed for the test and come up with a superficially smart-sounding but ultimately vapid answer. Both have the same goal: to try to get one over on you.
|
||
</p></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-the-hindu-sports">From The Hindu: Sports</h1>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Snowfall and Mount Sinai catch the eye</strong> -</p></li>
|
||
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Shamrock, Neziah, A Star Is Born, Irish Coffee and Supreme Dance shine</strong> -</p></li>
|
||
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Daily Quiz | On World Athletics Championships 2023</strong> - Here’s a quiz on the 2023 World Athletics Championships in Budapest that saw India’s javelin icon Neeraj Chopra being crowned champion</p></li>
|
||
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Disney gambles on free cricket to turn the tables in streaming war</strong> - Strategy shift comes amid growing rivalry with Jio; Hotstar has lost millions of users, but remains confident</p></li>
|
||
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Chess cheating controversy | Carlsen, Niemann settle dispute outside court</strong> - Chess.com said that Hans Niemann’s account has been reinstated and he is welcome to play at future events.</p></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-the-hindu-national-news">From The Hindu: National News</h1>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Here are the big stories from Karnataka today</strong> - Welcome to the Karnataka Today newsletter, your guide from The Hindu on the major news stories to follow today. Curated by Nalme Nachiyar.</p></li>
|
||
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Union Cabinet adopts resolution hailing soft-landing of Chandrayaan-3</strong> - The Cabinet said it believes that India’s advancements in the space sector are more than just monumental scientific achievements.</p></li>
|
||
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>President Murmu accepts credentials from envoys of four nations</strong> - Those who presented their credentials were Marje Luup, Ambassador of the Republic of Estonia; Oleksandr Polishchuk, Ambassador of Ukraine; Desire Boniface Some, Ambassador of Burkina Faso; and May-Elin Stener, Ambassador of the Kingdom of Norway</p></li>
|
||
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Chidambaram nominated to parliamentary panel on home affairs looking into criminal laws</strong> - The Parliamentary Standing Committee on Home Affairs is of the Rajya Sabha and has members from both Houses of Parliament</p></li>
|
||
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Administration has derailed in first 100 days of Congress rule in Karnataka: BJP</strong> - The Karnataka BJP brought out a book listing the ‘failures’ of the Congress Government</p></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-bbc-europe">From BBC: Europe</h1>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Paul Whelan: US ex-marine seen in Russian labour camp video</strong> - It is the first time that ex-US Marine Paul Whelan is seen on video since his conviction in Russia.</p></li>
|
||
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>‘Dying by the dozens every day’ - Ukraine losses climb</strong> - Ukraine will not disclose its death count, but the BBC’s Quentin Sommerville witnesses the mounting toll.</p></li>
|
||
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>G20: Putin tells India PM Modi he will not attend Delhi summit</strong> - Russia’s Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov will attend instead, Mr Putin told Mr Modi in a phone call.</p></li>
|
||
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Spanish football leaders demand Rubiales resignation</strong> - Spanish Football Federation regional leaders call on president Luis Rubiales to immediately resign, while Spanish prosecutors open a preliminary investigation.</p></li>
|
||
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>US Open 2023: Maria Sakkari could smell ‘weed’ during shock first-round loss</strong> - World number eight Maria Sakkari says she could smell “weed” during her surprise loss against Rebeka Masarova at the US Open.</p></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-ars-technica">From Ars Technica</h1>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Virgin Galactic’s president explains how VSS Unity is now flying frequently</strong> - “I don’t think I’ll run out of people who are willing to fly the spaceship any time soon.” - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1963698">link</a></p></li>
|
||
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>US spy satellite agency isn’t so silent about new “Silent Barker” mission</strong> - This will be the first launch for ULA’s Atlas V rocket in nearly 10 months. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1963906">link</a></p></li>
|
||
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Woman’s mystery illness turns out to be 3-inch snake parasite in her brain</strong> - It’s the first time the snake parasite has been seen in a human, let alone a brain. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1963908">link</a></p></li>
|
||
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>The new spreadsheet? OpenAI introduces ChatGPT Enterprise for businesses</strong> - Unlimited GPT-4, encryption, 32K context, and more. Will it become an essential tool? - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1963799">link</a></p></li>
|
||
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Apple plans biggest iPad Pro update since 2018</strong> - The device is slated for an early to mid-2024 launch. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1963802">link</a></p></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-jokes-subreddit">From Jokes Subreddit</h1>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A WW2 joke I heard recently</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF --></p>
|
||
<div class="md">
|
||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
|
||
So, it’s 1941 and a young German boy is listening to the radio. On the radio Hitler announces that Germany is declaring war on the United States.
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
|
||
The boy asks, “Father, where is the United States?”
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
|
||
“Here, let me show you,” His father responds and points at a map of North America.
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
|
||
The boy then asks, “We are at war with Russia too, right? Where’s that?”
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
|
||
The father then points at a map of the Soviet Union.
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
|
||
“I think we’re also at war with the British,” the boy says. “Where on the map are they?”
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
|
||
The father then points at the British isles and the numerous British colonies, dominions, and protectorates.
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
|
||
“And where are we, father?” The boy questions.
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
|
||
The father, starting to become annoyed by his son’s constant questioning, finds Central Europe and points out Germany.
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
|
||
The young boy processes what he has just been told for a moment.
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
|
||
“Father.”
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
|
||
“What now?” The father responds.
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
|
||
“I have one more question.”
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
|
||
“What is it?”
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
|
||
“Has Hitler seen this map?”
|
||
</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<!-- SC_ON -->
|
||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/ihni2000"> /u/ihni2000 </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/1646o4w/a_ww2_joke_i_heard_recently/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/1646o4w/a_ww2_joke_i_heard_recently/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
|
||
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A local bar was so sure that its bartender was the strongest man around,</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF --></p>
|
||
<div class="md">
|
||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
|
||
that they offered a standing $1,000 bet.
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
|
||
The bartender would squeeze a lemon until all the juice ran into a glass, and hand the lemon to a patron.
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
|
||
Anyone who could squeeze one more drop of juice out would win the money.
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
|
||
Many people had tried over time (weightlifters, longshoremen, etc.) but nobody could do it.
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
|
||
One day a scrawny little man came in, wearing thick glasses and a cheap suit, and said in a tiny, squeaky voice, “I’d like to try the bet.”
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
|
||
After the laughter had died down, the bartender said okay, grabbed a lemon, and squeezed away.
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
|
||
Then he handed the wrinkled remains of the rind to the little man.
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
|
||
But the crowd’s laughter turned to total silence as the man clenched his fist around the lemon and six drops fell into the glass.
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
|
||
As the crowd cheered, the bartender paid the $1,000, and asked the little man, “What do you do for a living? Are you a lumberjack, a weightlifter, or what?”
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
|
||
The man replied, “I work for the IRS.”
|
||
</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<!-- SC_ON -->
|
||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/gills_of_war"> /u/gills_of_war </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/1640vx3/a_local_bar_was_so_sure_that_its_bartender_was/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/1640vx3/a_local_bar_was_so_sure_that_its_bartender_was/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
|
||
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>his door-to-door entrepreneur became rather bored with his job of selling Bibles, so he decided to become a boss, hiring three people to sell Bibles for him.</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF --></p>
|
||
<div class="md">
|
||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
|
||
He interviewed three people. The first came in and said, “I want to sell Bibles for you.” “OK, you’re hired. Here’s your kit; go sell!”
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
|
||
The second came in and said, “I want to sell Bibles for you.” “OK, you’re hired! Here’s your kit; go sell!”
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
|
||
The third came in and said, “I- i - I wa - wa- wa-want t-t-t-to s-s-s-ell, Bi - bi - Bibles, f-f-fo-for y-y-y-y you!”
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
|
||
“No,” shouted the man, “this will never work! You can’t sell Bibles for me!” The applicant replied, “B-b-but I r-r-r-eall, but I really, really, n-n-n-n-need th-th-th-this, need tthis job!”
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
|
||
As there were no other applicants, he man said, “OK, I’ll give you one shot at this, but I expect you to PRODUCE!”
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
|
||
The first applicant comes back and reports, “I sold 8 Bibles today.” The second reports: “I sold 11 Bibles today. The third worker reports,”To-t-t-today, I-i-I so- so, I so-, I so-, I sold 28 Bi- bi- b- bibles!" “Great,” says the man. “However, I want you to sell lots more Bibles than that, so get out there tomorrow and MAKE ME SOME MONEY!”
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
|
||
At the end of the second day, the first worker comes in and reports, “Today, I sold 32 Bibles.” The second worker reports, “I sold 44 Bibles today” The third worker reports, “To-to-to t-today, I-i-I so- so, I so-, I sold 79 Bi-bi-bi-Bibles.”
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
|
||
“Fantastic,” said the man, "since you’re doing so well, so much better than these other two bums, why don’t you tell them what your sales technique is.
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
|
||
“I-i-I j-j-ju-ju-ju-just wa, wa, walk, up to up to them and ask, them… and ask, them and ask if th-th-th-if they want t-t-o-o- -b-b-b- buy a Bi-bi-bible, or d-d-d-d-do th-th-they do they w-w-w-ant me to rrr read it to ’em?”
|
||
</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<!-- SC_ON -->
|
||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/orgasmic2021"> /u/orgasmic2021 </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/164bk87/his_doortodoor_entrepreneur_became_rather_bored/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/164bk87/his_doortodoor_entrepreneur_became_rather_bored/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
|
||
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Today a friend said to me: “Marco, aren’t you sad to see your friends getting married and you being single at 43?”</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF --></p>
|
||
<div class="md">
|
||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
|
||
I replied:
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
|
||
“Yes, I am, but I don’t know how to help them.”
|
||
</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<!-- SC_ON -->
|
||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/MarcoDanielRebelo"> /u/MarcoDanielRebelo </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/164ddef/today_a_friend_said_to_me_marco_arent_you_sad_to/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/164ddef/today_a_friend_said_to_me_marco_arent_you_sad_to/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
|
||
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>How many bureaucrats does it take to screw in a lightbulb?</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF --></p>
|
||
<div class="md">
|
||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
|
||
Six.
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
|
||
One supervises;<br/> One arranges for the electricity to be shut off;<br/> One checks safety and quality standards;<br/> One monitors compliance with government regulations;<br/> One fills out paperwork;<br/> And one who screws the lightbulb into the water faucet.
|
||
</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<!-- SC_ON -->
|
||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/Major_Independence82"> /u/Major_Independence82 </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/1645t2v/how_many_bureaucrats_does_it_take_to_screw_in_a/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/1645t2v/how_many_bureaucrats_does_it_take_to_screw_in_a/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
|
||
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