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<title>15 January, 2022</title>
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<title>Covid-19 Sentry</title><meta content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" name="viewport"/><link href="styles/simple.css" rel="stylesheet"/><link href="../styles/simple.css" rel="stylesheet"/><link href="https://unpkg.com/aos@2.3.1/dist/aos.css" rel="stylesheet"/><script src="https://unpkg.com/aos@2.3.1/dist/aos.js"></script></head>
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<h1 data-aos="fade-down" id="covid-19-sentry">Covid-19 Sentry</h1>
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<h1 data-aos="fade-right" data-aos-anchor-placement="top-bottom" id="contents">Contents</h1>
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<ul>
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<li><a href="#from-preprints">From Preprints</a></li>
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<li><a href="#from-clinical-trials">From Clinical Trials</a></li>
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<li><a href="#from-pubmed">From PubMed</a></li>
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<li><a href="#from-patent-search">From Patent Search</a></li>
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<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-preprints">From Preprints</h1>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Comparison of Antibody Response Durability of mRNA-1273, BNT162b2, and Ad26.COV2.S SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines in Healthcare Workers</strong> -
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Importance: There is a dearth of comparative immunologic durability data after COVID-19 vaccinations. Objective: To compare antibody responses and vaccine effectiveness 8.4 months post-primary COVID-19 vaccination. Design, Setting and Participants: In this cohort study of 903 healthcare workers who completed surveys about baseline characteristics and COVID-19 vaccine/infection history, 647 had antibody assays completed and were included herein. Exposure: COVID-19 vaccination with mRNA-1273 (n=387); BNT162b2 (n=212); or Ad26.COV2.S (n=10); unvaccinated (n=10); or boosted (n=28). Main Outcomes and Measures: The primary outcome was IgG anti-spike titer. Secondary/tertiary outcomes included IgG spike receptor-binding domain competitive antibody blocking ELISA pseudoneutralization against the USA-WA1/2020 strain, and vaccine effectiveness against COVID-19 infection. Antibody levels were compared using ANOVA and multiple linear regression. Results: Mean age was 49.7, 75.3% were female, and mean comorbidities/patient was 0.7. Baseline variables were balanced (p>.05) except for immunosuppression (higher in boosted, p=.047), prior COVID-19 infections (higher with Ad26.COV2.S and unvaccinated, p<.001), and time since primary vaccination (higher with mRNA-1273 and BNT162b2 than Ad26.COV2.S, p<.001). Unadjusted median (IQR) IgG anti-spike titers (AU/mL) were 1539.5 (876.7-2626.7) for mRNA-1273, 751.2 (422.0-1381.5) for BNT162b2, 451.6 (103.0-2396.7) for Ad26.COV2.S, 113.4 (3.7-194.0) for unvaccinated, and 31898.8 (21347.1-45820.1) for boosted (mRNA-1273 vs. BNT162b2, p<.001; mRNA-1273, BNT162b2, or boosted vs. unvaccinated, p<.006; mRNA-1273, BNT162b2, Ad26.COV2.S, or unvaccinated vs. boosted, p<.001; all other comparisons, p>.05). Unadjusted median (IQR) pseudoneutralization percentages were 90.9% (80.1-95.0) for mRNA-1273, 77.2% (59.1-89.9) for BNT162b2, 57.9% (36.6-95.8) for Ad26.COV2.S, 40.1% (21.7-60.6) for unvaccinated, and 96.4% (96.1-96.6) for boosted (mRNA-1273 vs. BNT162b2, p<.001; mRNA-1273, BNT162b2, or boosted vs. unvaccinated, p<.028; mRNA-1273, BNT162b2, Ad26.COV2.S, or unvaccinated vs. boosted, p<.001; all other comparisons, p>.05). Adjusted anti-spike and pseudoneutralization comparisons of mRNA-1273 and BNT162b2 showed similar patterns (p<.001). Vaccine effectiveness was 87-89% for mRNA-1273, BNT162b2, and boosted, and 33% for Ad26.COV2.S; no group differences were statistically significant. Conclusions and Relevance: Durability of antibody responses 8.4 months after COVID-19 primary vaccination was significantly higher with mRNA-1273 than with BNT162b2, however, vaccine effectiveness was equivalent. Antibody responses and vaccine effectiveness were lower but not significantly different for Ad26.COV2.S; given statistical uncertainty in the small Ad26.COV2.S group, clinically important effects cannot be excluded.
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</p>
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</div></li>
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</ul>
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<div class="article-link article-html-link">
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.14.22269297v1" target="_blank">Comparison of Antibody Response Durability of mRNA-1273, BNT162b2, and Ad26.COV2.S SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines in Healthcare Workers</a>
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</div>
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<ul>
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<li><strong>Generation of novel SARS-CoV-2 variants on B.1.1.7 lineage in three patients with advanced HIV disease</strong> -
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The emergence of new SARS-COV-2 variants is of public health concern in case of vaccine escape. Described are three patients with advanced HIV-1 and chronic SARS-CoV-2 infection in whom there is evidence of selection and persistence of novel mutations which are associated with increased transmissibility and immune escape.
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</p>
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</div>
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<div class="article-link article-html-link">
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.14.21267836v1" target="_blank">Generation of novel SARS-CoV-2 variants on B.1.1.7 lineage in three patients with advanced HIV disease</a>
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</div></li>
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<li><strong>Validation of a clinical and genetic model for predicting severe COVID-19</strong> -
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Using nested case-control data from the Lifelines COVID-19 cohort, we undertook a validation study of a clinical and genetic model to predict the risk of severe COVID-19 in people with confirmed COVID-19 and in people with confirmed or self-reported COVID-19. The model performed well in terms of discrimination of cases and controls for all ages (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve [AUC] = 0.680 for confirmed COVID-19 and AUC = 0.689 for confirmed and self-reported COVID-19) and in the age group in which the model was developed (50 years and older; AUC = 0.658 for confirmed COVID-19 and AUC= 0.651 for confirmed and self-reported COVID-19). There was no evidence of over- or under-dispersion of risk scores but there was evidence of overall over-estimation of risk in all analyses (all P < 0.0001). In the light of large numbers of people worldwide remaining unvaccinated and continuing uncertainty regarding vaccine efficacy over time and against variants of concern, identification of people at high risk of severe COVID-19 may encourage the uptake of vaccinations (including boosters) and the use of non-pharmaceutical inventions.
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</p>
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</div>
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<div class="article-link article-html-link">
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.14.22269270v1" target="_blank">Validation of a clinical and genetic model for predicting severe COVID-19</a>
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</div></li>
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<li><strong>The COVID States Project #77: Healthcare workers’ perception of COVID-19 misinformation</strong> -
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<div>
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How significant a problem is misinformation for the delivery of healthcare services? Misinformation, and any resulting misperceptions, certainly have the potential to negatively impact people’s attitudes and behaviors surrounding the COVID-19 pandemic. Whether or not someone internalizes misinformation depends on multiple factors, but one key consideration is their level of trust in established experts providing cues on COVID-19 behavior. For instance, people who do not trust sources such as the CDC will be less likely to follow its recommendations on COVID-19 prevention behaviors, and may instead opt to seek out information - which often turns out to be misinformation - on their own. Understanding the sources and effects of information and misinformation is therefore important.
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</div>
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<div class="article-link article-html-link">
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://osf.io/6pzqj/" target="_blank">The COVID States Project #77: Healthcare workers’ perception of COVID-19 misinformation</a>
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</div></li>
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<li><strong>Characterizing features of outbreak duration for novel SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern</strong> -
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<div>
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Characterizing the dynamics of epidemic trajectories is critical to understanding the potential impacts of emerging outbreaks and to designing appropriate mitigation strategies. As the COVID-19 pandemic evolves, however, the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern has complicated our ability to assess in real-time the potential effects of imminent outbreaks, such as those presently caused by the Omicron variant. Here, we report that SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks across regions exhibit strain-specific times from onset to peak, specifically for Delta and Omicron variants. Our findings may facilitate real-time identification of peak medical demand and may help fine-tune ongoing and future outbreak mitigation deployment efforts.
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</p>
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</div>
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<div class="article-link article-html-link">
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.14.22269288v1" target="_blank">Characterizing features of outbreak duration for novel SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern</a>
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</div></li>
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<li><strong>ATP6V1B2 and IFI27 and their intrinsic functional genomic characteristics associated with SARS-CoV-2</strong> -
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<div>
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Genes functionally associated with SARS-CoV-2 and genes functionally related to COVID-19 disease can be different, whose distinction will become the first essential step for successfully fighting against the COVID-19 pandemic. Unfortunately, this first step has not been completed in all biological and medical research. Using a newly developed max-competing logistic classifier, two genes, ATP6V1B2 and IFI27, stand out to be critical in transcriptional response to SARS-CoV-2 with differential expressions derived from NP/OP swab PCR. This finding is evidenced by combining these two genes with one another gene in predicting disease status to achieve better-indicating power than existing classifiers with the same number of genes. In addition, combining these two genes with three other genes to form a five- gene classifier outperforms existing classifiers with ten or more genes. With their exceptional predicting power, these two genes can be critical in fighting against the COVID-19 pandemic as a new focus and direction. Comparing the functional effects of these genes with a five-gene classifier with 100% accuracy identified and tested from blood samples in the literature, genes and their transcriptional response and functional effects to SARS-CoV-2 and genes and their functional signature patterns to COVID-19 antibody are significantly different, which can be interpreted as the former is the point of a phenomenon, and the latter is the essence of the disease. Such significant findings can help explore the causal and pathological clue between SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 disease and fight against the disease with more targeted vaccines, antiviral drugs, and therapies.
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</div>
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<div class="article-link article-html-link">
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.13.476223v1" target="_blank">ATP6V1B2 and IFI27 and their intrinsic functional genomic characteristics associated with SARS-CoV-2</a>
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</div></li>
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<li><strong>Covariance predicts conserved protein residue interactions important to the emergence and continued evolution of SARS-CoV-2 as a human pathogen</strong> -
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<div>
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SARS-CoV-2 is one of three recognized coronaviruses (CoVs) that have caused epidemics or pandemics in the 21st century and that likely emerged from animal reservoirs. Differences in nucleotide and protein sequence composition within related lower case Greek beta-coronaviruses are often used to better understand CoV evolution, host adaptation, and their emergence as human pathogens. Here we report the comprehensive analysis of amino acid residue changes that have occurred in lineage B lower case Greek betacoronaviruses (sarbecoviruses) that show covariance with each other. This analysis revealed patterns of covariance within conserved viral proteins that potentially define conserved interactions within and between core proteins encoded by SARS-CoV-2 related lower case Greek beta-coranaviruses. We identified not only individual pairs but also networks of amino acid residues that exhibited statistically high frequencies of covariance with each other using an independent pair model followed by a tandem model approach. Using 149 different CoV genomes that vary in their relatedness, we identified networks of unique combinations of alleles that can be incrementally traced genome by genome within different phylogenic lineages. Remarkably, covariant residues and their respective regions most abundantly represented are implicated in the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 and are also enriched in dominant SARS-CoV-2 variants.
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<div class="article-link article-html-link">
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.13.476204v1" target="_blank">Covariance predicts conserved protein residue interactions important to the emergence and continued evolution of SARS-CoV-2 as a human pathogen</a>
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</div></li>
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<li><strong>A semi-supervised Bayesian mixture modelling approach for joint batch correction and classification</strong> -
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<div>
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Systematic differences between batches of samples present significant challenges when analysing biological data. Such batch effects are well-studied and are liable to occur in any setting where multiple batches are assayed. Many existing methods for accounting for these have focused on high-dimensional data such as RNA-seq and have assumptions that reflect this. Here we focus on batch-correction in low-dimensional classification problems. We propose a semi- supervised Bayesian generative classifier based on mixture models that jointly predicts class labels and models batch effects. Our model allows observations to be probabilistically assigned to classes in a way that incorporates uncertainty arising from batch effects. We explore two choices for the within-class densities: the multivariate normal and the multivariate t. A simulation study demonstrates that our method performs well compared to popular off-the-shelf machine learning methods and is also quick; performing 15,000 iterations on a dataset of 500 samples with 2 measurements each in 7.3 seconds for the MVN mixture model and 11.9 seconds for the MVT mixture model. We apply our model to two datasets generated using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), a spectrophotometric assay often used to screen for antibodies. The examples we consider were collected in 2020 and measure seropositivity for SARS-CoV-2. We use our model to estimate seroprevalence in the populations studied. We implement the models in C++ using a Metropolis- within-Gibbs algorithm; this is available in the R package at https://github.com/stcolema/BatchMixtureModel. Scripts to recreate our analysis are at https://github.com/stcolema/BatchClassifierPaper.
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</div>
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<div class="article-link article- html-link">
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.14.476352v1" target="_blank">A semi-supervised Bayesian mixture modelling approach for joint batch correction and classification</a>
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</div></li>
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<li><strong>In vitro Kinase-to-Phosphosite database (iKiP-DB) predicts kinase activity in phosphoproteomic datasets</strong> -
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<div>
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Phosphoproteomics routinely quantifies changes in the levels of thousands of phosphorylation sites, but functional analysis of such data remains a major challenge. While databases like PhosphoSitePlus contain information about many phosphorylation sites, the vast majority of known sites are not assigned to any protein kinase. Assigning changes in the phosphoproteome to the activity of individual kinases therefore remains a key challenge.. A recent large-scale study systematically identified in vitro substrates for most human protein kinases. Here, we reprocessed and filtered these data to generate an in vitro Kinase-to-Phosphosite database (iKiP-DB). We show that iKiP-DB can accurately predict changes in kinase activity in published phosphoproteomic datasets for both well-studied and poorly characterized kinases. We apply iKiP-DB to a newly generated phosphoproteomic analysis of SARS-CoV-2 infected human lung epithelial cells and provide evidence for coronavirus-induced changes in host cell kinase activity. In summary, we show that iKiP- DB is widely applicable to facilitate the functional analysis of phosphoproteomic datasets.
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</div>
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<div class="article- link article-html-link">
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.13.476159v1" target="_blank">In vitro Kinase-to-Phosphosite database (iKiP-DB) predicts kinase activity in phosphoproteomic datasets</a>
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<li><strong>Hydroxychloroquine/Chloroquine in COVID-19 With Focus on Hospitalized Patients - A Systematic Review</strong> -
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Background In the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, many hospitalized patients received empiric hydroxychloroquine/chloroquine (HC/CQ). Although some retrospective-observational trials suggested potential benefit, all subsequent randomized clinical trials (RCTs) failed to show benefit and use generally ceased. Herein, we summarize key studies that clinicians advising patients on HC/CQ efficacy:safety calculus in hospitalized COVID-19 patients would want to know about in a practical one-stop-shopping source. Methods Pubmed and Google were searched on November 4, 2021. Search words included: COVID-19, hydroxychloroquine, chloroquine, in vitro, animal studies, clinical trials, and meta- analyses. Studies were assessed for import and included if considered impactful for benefit:risk assessment. Results These searches led to inclusion of 12 in vitro and animal reports; 12 retrospective-observational trials, 19 interventional clinical trials (17 RCTs, 1 single-arm, 1 controlled but unblinded), and 51 meta-analyses in hospitalized patients. Inconsistent efficacy was seen in vitro and in animal studies for coronaviruses and nil in SARS-CoV-2 animal models specifically. Most retrospective-observational studies in hospitalized COVID-19 patients found no efficacy; QT prolongation and increased adverse events and mortality were reported in some. All RCTs and almost all meta-analyses provided robust data showing no benefit in overall populations and subgroups, yet concerning safety issues in many. Conclusions HC/CQ have inconsistent anti-coronavirus efficacy in vitro and in animal models, and no convincing efficacy yet substantial safety issues in the overwhelming majority of retrospective-observational trials, RCTs, and meta- analyses in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. HC/CQ should not be prescribed for hospitalized COVID-19 patients outside of clinical trials.
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</p>
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.11.22269069v1" target="_blank">Hydroxychloroquine/Chloroquine in COVID-19 With Focus on Hospitalized Patients - A Systematic Review</a>
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<li><strong>Parent and Child Adjustment Dual-Trajectories at the Beginning of the COVID-19 Syndemic</strong> -
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This is a prospective longitudinal study to understand children’s and family’s adjustment in the US following COVID-19 pandemic.
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://psyarxiv.com/pb2fs/" target="_blank">Parent and Child Adjustment Dual-Trajectories at the Beginning of the COVID-19 Syndemic</a>
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</div></li>
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<li><strong>SARS-CoV-2 anti-spike IgG antibody responses after second dose of ChAdOx1 or BNT162b2 and correlates of protection in the UK general population</strong> -
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We investigated anti-spike IgG antibody responses and correlates of protection following second doses of ChAdOx1 or BNT162b2 SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in the UK general population. In 222,493 individuals, we found significant boosting of anti-spike IgG by second doses of both vaccines in all ages and using different dosing intervals, including the 3-week interval for BNT162b2. After second vaccination, BNT162b2 generated higher peak levels than ChAdOX1. Older individuals and males had lower peak levels with BNT162b2 but not ChAdOx1, while declines were similar across ages and sexes with ChAdOX1 or BNT162b2. Prior infection significantly increased antibody peak level and half-life with both vaccines. Anti- spike IgG levels were associated with protection from infection after vaccination and, to an even greater degree, after prior infection. At least 67% protection against infection was estimated to last for 2-3 months after two ChAdOx1 doses and 5-8 months after two BNT162b2 doses in those without prior infection, and 1-2 years for those unvaccinated after natural infection. A third booster dose may be needed, prioritised to ChAdOx1 recipients and those more clinically vulnerable.
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</p>
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<div class="article-link article-html-link">
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.13.21263487v3" target="_blank">SARS-CoV-2 anti-spike IgG antibody responses after second dose of ChAdOx1 or BNT162b2 and correlates of protection in the UK general population</a>
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<li><strong>Viral dynamics and duration of PCR positivity of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant</strong> -
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Background. The Omicron SARS-CoV-2 variant is responsible for a major wave of COVID-19, with record case counts reflecting high transmissibility and escape from prior immunity. Defining the time course of Omicron viral proliferation and clearance is crucial to inform isolation protocols aiming to minimize disease spread. Methods. We obtained longitudinal, quantitative RT-qPCR test results using combined anterior nares and oropharyngeal samples (n = 10,324) collected between July 5th, 2021 and January 10th, 2022 from the National Basketball Association9s (NBA) occupational health program. We quantified the fraction of tests with PCR cycle threshold (Ct) values <30, chosen as a proxy for potential infectivity and antigen test positivity, on each day after first detection of suspected and confirmed Omicron infections, stratified by individuals detected under frequent testing protocols and those detected due to symptom onset or concern for contact with an infected individual. We quantified the duration of viral proliferation, clearance rate, and peak viral concentration for individuals with acute Omicron and Delta variant SARS-CoV-2 infections. Results. A total of 97 infections were confirmed or suspected to be from the Omicron variant and 107 from the Delta variant. Of 27 Omicron-infected individuals testing positive ≤1 day after a previous negative or inconclusive test, 52.0% (13/25) were PCR positive with Ct values <30 at day 5, 25.0% (6/24) at day 6, and 13.0% (3/23) on day 7 post detection. Of 70 Omicron-infected individuals detected ≥2 days after a previous negative or inconclusive test, 39.1% (25/64) were PCR positive with Ct values <30 at day 5, 33.3% (21/63) at day 6, and 22.2% (14/63) on day 7 post detection. Overall, Omicron infections featured a mean duration of 9.87 days (95% CI 8.83-10.9) relative to 10.9 days (95% CI 9.41-12.4) for Delta infections. The peak viral RNA based on Ct values was lower for Omicron infections than for Delta infections (Ct 23.3, 95% CI 22.4-24.3 for Omicron; Ct 20.5, 95% CI 19.2-21.8 for Delta) and the clearance phase was shorter for Omicron infections (5.35 days, 95% CI 4.78-6.00 for Omicron; 6.23 days, 95% CI 5.43-7.17 for Delta), though the rate of clearance was similar (3.13 Ct/day, 95% CI 2.75-3.54 for Omicron; 3.15 Ct/day, 95% CI 2.69-3.64 for Delta). Conclusions. While Omicron infections feature lower peak viral RNA and a shorter clearance phase than Delta infections on average, it is unclear to what extent these differences are attributable to more immunity in this largely vaccinated population or intrinsic characteristics of the Omicron variant. Further, these results suggest that Omicron9s infectiousness may not be explained by higher viral load measured in the nose and mouth by RT-PCR. The substantial fraction of individuals with Ct values <30 at days 5 of infection, particularly in those detected due to symptom onset or concern for contact with an infected individual, underscores the heterogeneity of the infectious period, with implications for isolation policies.
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.13.22269257v1" target="_blank">Viral dynamics and duration of PCR positivity of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant</a>
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<li><strong>Application of the Logistic Model to the COVID-19 Pandemic in South Africa and the United States: Correlations and Predictions</strong> -
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We apply the simple logistic model to the four waves of COVID-19 taking place in South Africa over the period 1 January 2020 through 11 January 2022. We show that this model provides an excellent fit to the time history of three of the four waves. We then derive a theoretical correlation between the growth rate of each wave and its duration, and demonstrate that it is well obeyed by the South Africa data. We then turn to the data for the United States. As shown by Roberts (2020a, 2020b), the basic logistic model provides only a marginal fit to the early data. Here we break the data into six “waves,” and treat each one separately. For four of the six the logistic model is useful, and we present full results. We then ask if these data provide a way to predict the length of the ongoing Omicron wave in the US (commonly called “wave 4,” but the sixth wave as we have broken the data up). Comparison of these data to those from South Arica, and internal comparison of the US data, <i>suggests</i> that this last wave will die out by about 20-January-2022.
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.12.22269193v3" target="_blank">Application of the Logistic Model to the COVID-19 Pandemic in South Africa and the United States: Correlations and Predictions</a>
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<li><strong>Wastewater-based estimation of the effective reproductive number of SARS-CoV-2</strong> -
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Background: The effective reproductive number, Re, is a critical indicator to monitor disease dynamics, inform regional and national policies, and estimate the effectiveness of interventions. It describes the average number of new infections caused by a single infectious person through time. To date, Re estimates are based on clinical data such as observed cases, hospitalizations, and/or deaths. These estimates are temporarily biased when clinical testing or reporting strategies change. Objectives: We show that the dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in wastewater can be used to estimate Re in near real-time, independent of clinical data and without the associated biases. Methods: We collected longitudinal measurements of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in wastewater in Zurich, CH, and San Jose (CA), USA. We combined this data with information on the temporal dynamics of shedding (the shedding load distribution) to estimate a time series proportional to the daily COVID-19 infection incidence. We estimated a wastewater-based Re from this incidence. Results: The method to estimate Re from wastewater works robustly on data from two different countries and two wastewater matrices. The resulting estimates are as similar to the Re estimates from case report data as Re estimates based on observed cases, hospitalizations, and deaths are among each other. We further provide details on the effect of sampling frequency and the shedding load distribution on the ability to infer Re. Discussion: To our knowledge, this is the first time Re has been estimated from wastewater. This method provides a low cost, rapid, and independent way to inform SARS- CoV-2 monitoring during the ongoing pandemic and is applicable to future wastewater-based epidemiology targeting other pathogens.
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</p>
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</div>
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<div class="article-link article-html-link">
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.29.21255961v2" target="_blank">Wastewater-based estimation of the effective reproductive number of SARS-CoV-2</a>
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</div></li>
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</ul>
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<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-clinical-trials">From Clinical Trials</h1>
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<ul>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Evaluation of Safety & Efficacy of MIR 19 ® Inhalation Solution in Patients With Moderate COVID-19</strong> - <b>Condition</b>: COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>: Drug: MIR 19 ®; Combination Product: Standard COVID-19 therapy<br/><b>Sponsors</b>: National Research Center - Institute of Immunology Federal Medical-Biological Agency of Russia; St. Petersburg Research Institute of Vaccines and Sera<br/><b>Completed</b></p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A Telemedicine Brief Mindfulness Intervention in Post-COVID-19</strong> - <b>Condition</b>: Post COVID-19<br/><b>Intervention</b>: Other: Mindfulness<br/><b>Sponsors</b>: <br/>
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Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi Onlus; Catholic University of the Sacred Heart<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Immunogenicity and Safety of a Booster Dose of the SpikoGen COVID-19 Vaccine</strong> - <b>Condition</b>: COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>: Biological: SARS-CoV-2 recombinant spike protein + Advax-SM adjuvant; Biological: Saline placebo<br/><b>Sponsors</b>: Cinnagen; Vaxine Pty Ltd<br/><b>Active, not recruiting</b></p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Plasma Exchange in Covid-19 Patients With Anti-interferon Autoantibodies</strong> - <b>Condition</b>: COVID-19<br/><b>Intervention</b>: Drug: Therapeutic plasma exchange<br/><b>Sponsor</b>: <br/>
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Centre Hospitalier St Anne<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Randomized Multicenter Study on the Efficacy and Safety of Favipiravir for Parenteral Administration Compared to Standard of Care in Hospitalized Patients With COVID-19</strong> - <b>Condition</b>: COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>: Drug: Favipiravir; Drug: Remdesivir<br/><b>Sponsors</b>: Promomed, LLC; Solyur Pharmaceuticals Group<br/><b>Completed</b></p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Inhaled Heparin for Hospitalised Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)</strong> - <b>Condition</b>: COVID-19<br/><b>Intervention</b>: Drug: unfractionated Heparin<br/><b>Sponsors</b>: <br/>
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Australian National University; The George Institute; St George Hospital, Australia; St Vincent’s Hospital Melbourne; John Hunter Hospital; Royal North Shore Hospital<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
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||
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>PTX-COVID19-B, an mRNA Humoral Vaccine, Intended for Prevention of COVID-19 in a General Population. This Study is Designed to Demonstrate the Safety, Tolerability, and Immunogenicity of PTX-COVID19-B in Comparison to the Pfizer- BioNTech COVID-19 Vaccine.</strong> - <b>Condition</b>: Covid19 Vaccine<br/><b>Interventions</b>: Biological: PTX-COVID19-B; Biological: Pfizer- BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine; Biological: Placebo<br/><b>Sponsor</b>: Providence Therapeutics Holdings Inc.<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Immunogenicity and Safety Study of a SCB-2019 Vaccine Booster Dose to Adults Who Previously Received Primary Series of Selected COVID-19 Vaccines</strong> - <b>Condition</b>: COVID-19<br/><b>Intervention</b>: Biological: Candidate vaccine, SCB-2019<br/><b>Sponsor</b>: Clover Biopharmaceuticals AUS Pty Ltd<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>COVID-19 Messaging for Vaccination</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>: Vaccination Refusal; COVID-19 Pandemic<br/><b>Interventions</b>: Behavioral: Doctor Videos; Behavioral: Sharing Videos; Behavioral: Sharing Videos (Influencers); Behavioral: Vaccine Ambassador; Behavioral: Video framing; Behavioral: Video order<br/><b>Sponsors</b>: Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Facebook, Inc.; Code3; Stanford University; Harvard University; Yale University; Johns Hopkins University; Massachusetts General Hospital; Ludwig-Maximilians - University of Munich; National Institutes of Health (NIH)<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
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||
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>IMPACT OF THERAPEUTIC PLASMA EXCHANGE ON ACQUIRED VACCINAL ANTI-SARS-CoV-2 ANTIBODIES.</strong> - <b>Condition</b>: COVID-19<br/><b>Intervention</b>: Diagnostic Test: Evolution of antibodies titre<br/><b>Sponsor</b>: Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc- Université Catholique de Louvain<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Spa Rehabilitation, Antioxidant and Bioenergetic Supportive Treatment of Patients With Post-Covid-19 Syndrome</strong> - <b>Condition</b>: COVID-19 Respiratory Infection<br/><b>Interventions</b>: Dietary Supplement: ubiquinol (reduced coenzyme Q10); Other: mountain spa rehabilitation; Diagnostic Test: 2x14 ml of peripheral blood collected in a tube with anticoagulant<br/><b>Sponsors</b>: Comenius University; Sanatórium of Dr. Guhr, n.o.<br/><b>Completed</b></p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>The Effect of Dietary Intervation on Endothelial Glycocalyx in COVID-19 Patients.</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>: COVID-19; Endothelial Dysfunction<br/><b>Interventions</b>: <br/>
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Dietary Supplement: Food supplement Endocalyx; Dietary Supplement: Placebo<br/><b>Sponsor</b>: <br/>
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University of Athens<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
|
||
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Public Support for COVID-19 Test Allocation</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>: Health Equity; COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>: Behavioral: First Come, First Served; Behavioral: Random; Behavioral: Disadvantaged Priority & Random<br/><b>Sponsor</b>: University of Pennsylvania<br/><b>Completed</b></p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Randomized Study of Efficacy of Different Treatment Regimens of Olokizumab</strong> - <b>Condition</b>: COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>: Drug: Olokizumab; Drug: Standard therapy<br/><b>Sponsors</b>: R-Pharm; Federal Budget Institution of Science “Central Research Institute of Epidemiology” of the Rospotrebnadzor; Group of companies Medsi, JSС<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Study to Assess the Safety, Tolerability and Explore the Immunogenicity of EG-COVID in Healthy Adult Volunteers</strong> - <b>Condition</b>: COVID-19 Vaccine<br/><b>Interventions</b>: Drug: EG-COVID-003; Drug: EG-COVID-001<br/><b>Sponsors</b>: EyeGene Inc.; Novotech (Australia) Pty Limited<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
|
||
</ul>
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<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-pubmed">From PubMed</h1>
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<ul>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>The anti-C5a antibody vilobelimab efficiently inhibits C5a in patients with severe COVID-19</strong> - Recently, we reported the phase II portion of the adaptive phase II/III PANAMO trial exploring potential benefit and safety of selectively blocking C5a with the monoclonal antibody vilobelimab (IFX-1) in patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The potent anaphylatoxin C5a attracts neutrophils and monocytes to the infection site, causes tissue damage by oxidative radical formation and enzyme releases, and leads to activation of the coagulation system. Results demonstrated that…</p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Synthesis of low-molecular weight fucoidan derivatives and their binding abilities to SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins</strong> - Fucoidan derivatives 10-13, whose basic sugar chains are composed of repeating α(1,4)-linked l-fucopyranosyl residues with different sulfation patterns, were designed and systematically synthesized. A structure-activity relationship (SAR) study examined competitive inhibition by thirteen fucoidan derivatives against heparin binding to the SARS-CoV-2 spike</li>
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</ul>
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<ol start="19" type="A">
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">protein. The results showed for the first time that 10 exhibited the highest inhibitory activity of the fucoidan derivatives used. The…</li>
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</ol>
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<ul>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>BRD2 inhibition blocks SARS-CoV-2 infection by reducing transcription of the host cell receptor ACE2</strong> - SARS-CoV-2 infection of human cells is initiated by the binding of the viral Spike protein to its cell-surface receptor ACE2. We conducted a targeted CRISPRi screen to uncover druggable pathways controlling Spike protein binding to human cells. Here we show that the protein BRD2 is required for ACE2 transcription in human lung epithelial cells and cardiomyocytes, and BRD2 inhibitors currently evaluated in clinical trials potently block endogenous ACE2 expression and SARS-CoV-2 infection of human…</p></li>
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||
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Quantitative in silico analysis of SARS-CoV-2 S-RBD omicron mutant transmissibility</strong> - Covid-19 variants transmissibility was quantitatively analyzed in silico to understand the reaction mechanisms and to find the reaction inhibitors. Especially, SARS-CoV-2 omicron mutant (omicron S-RBD) binding affinity with human angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE-2) was quantitatively analyzed using molecular interaction (MI) energy values (kcal<sup>(.)mol</sup>(-1)) between the S-RBD and ACE-2. The MI of their optimized complex structures demonstrated that omicron’s MI value (749.8) was 1.4 times…</p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>The Omicron variant is highly resistant against antibody-mediated neutralization: Implications for control of the COVID-19 pandemic</strong> - The rapid spread of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant suggests that the virus might become globally dominant. Further, the high number of mutations in the viral spike protein raised concerns that the virus might evade antibodies induced by infection or vaccination. Here, we report that the Omicron spike was resistant against most therapeutic antibodies but remained susceptible to inhibition by sotrovimab. Similarly, the Omicron spike evaded neutralization by antibodies from convalescent patients or…</p></li>
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||
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>An international, interlaboratory ring trial confirms the feasibility of an extraction-less “direct” RT-qPCR method for reliable detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in clinical samples</strong> - Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) is used worldwide to test and trace the spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). “Extraction-less” or “direct” real time-reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is a transparent and accessible qualitative method for SARS-CoV-2 detection from nasopharyngeal or oral pharyngeal samples with the potential to generate actionable data more quickly, at a lower cost, and with fewer…</p></li>
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||
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>ACE2 is the critical in vivo receptor for SARS-CoV-2 in a novel COVID-19 mouse model with TNF- and IFNgamma-driven immunopathology</strong> - In silico modelling revealed how only three Spike mutations of maVie16 enhanced interaction with murine ACE2. MaVie16 induced profound pathology in BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice and the resulting mouse COVID-19 (mCOVID-19) replicated critical aspects of human disease, including early lymphopenia, pulmonary immune cell infiltration, pneumonia and specific adaptive immunity. Inhibition of the proinflammatory cytokines IFNg and TNF substantially reduced immunopathology. Importantly, genetic…</p></li>
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||
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>SARS-CoV-2 membrane protein causes the mitochondrial apoptosis and pulmonary edema via targeting BOK</strong> - Deaths caused by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are largely due to the lungs edema resulting from the disruption of the lung alveolo-capillary barrier, induced by SARS-CoV-2-triggered pulmonary cell apoptosis. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the proapoptotic role of SARS-CoV-2 is still unclear. Here, we revealed that SARS-CoV-2 membrane</li>
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||
</ul>
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<ol start="13" type="A">
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">protein could induce lung epithelial cells mitochondrial apoptosis. Notably, M protein stabilized B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL-2) ovarian killer…</li>
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</ol>
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<ul>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>SNX27 suppresses SARS-CoV-2 infection by inhibiting viral lysosome/late endosome entry</strong> - After binding to its cell surface receptor angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) enters the host cell through directly fusing with plasma membrane (cell surface pathway) or undergoing endocytosis traveling to lysosome/late endosome for membrane fusion (endocytic pathway). However, the endocytic entry regulation by host cell remains elusive. Recent studies show ACE2 possesses a type I PDZ binding motif (PBM) through which it could…</p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>SARS-CoV-2 main protease and papain-like protease inhibition by abietane-type diterpenes isolated from the branches of Glyptostrobus pensilis using molecular docking studies</strong> - Using various chromatographic methods, five abietane-type diterpenes were isolated from the branches of Glyptostrobus pensilis for the first time. The chemical structures of the isolates were identified by modern spectroscopic techniques, including ¹H and ^(13)C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and by comparison with the literature. In addition, the binding potential of the isolated compounds to replicase protein, SARS-CoV-2 main protease and papain-like protease, were examined using…</p></li>
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||
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Molecular dynamics simulations of the flexibility and inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 NSP 13 helicase</strong> - The helicase protein of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is both a good potential drug target and very flexible. The flexibility, and therefore its function, could be reduced through knowledge of these motions and identification of allosteric pockets. Using molecular dynamics simulations with enhanced sampling, we determined key modes of motion and sites on the protein that are at the interface between flexible domains of the proteins. We developed an approach to…</p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Acriflavine, a clinically approved drug, inhibits SARS-CoV-2 and other betacoronaviruses</strong> - The COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 has been socially and economically devastating. Despite an unprecedented research effort and available vaccines, effective therapeutics are still missing to limit severe disease and mortality. Using high-throughput screening, we identify acriflavine (ACF) as a potent papain-like protease (PL^(pro)) inhibitor. NMR titrations and a co-crystal structure confirm that acriflavine blocks the PL^(pro) catalytic pocket in an unexpected binding mode. We show…</p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Pathways and obstacles to social recovery following the elimination of SARS-CoV-2 from Aotearoa New Zealand: a qualitative cross-sectional study</strong> - CONCLUSIONS: Elimination strategies can successfully allow ‘normal social life’ to resume. However, this outcome is not guaranteed. People may encounter difficulties with re-establishing social connections in Zero-COVID settings. Measures designed to overcome such obstacles should be an integral part of elimination strategies.</p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Seroconversion following COVID-19 vaccination: Can we optimize protective response in CD20-treated individuals?</strong> - Although there is an ever-increasing number of disease-modifying treatments for relapsing multiple sclerosis (MS), few appear to influence COVID-19 severity. There is concern about the use of anti-CD20-depleting monoclonal antibodies, due to the apparent increased risk of severe disease following SARS-CoV-2 infection and inhibition of protective anti- COVID-19 vaccine responses. These antibodies are given as maintenance infusions/injections and cause persistent depletion of CD20+ B cells, notably…</p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Rapid SARS-CoV-2 Adaptation to Available Cellular Proteases</strong> - Recent emergence of SARS CoV-2 variants demonstrates the potential of this virus for targeted evolution, despite its overall genomic stability. Here we show the dynamics and the mechanisms behind the rapid adaptation of SARS-CoV-2 to growth in Vero E6 cells. The selective advantage for growth in Vero E6 cells is due to increased cleavage efficiency by cathepsins at the mutated S1/S2 site. S1/S2 site also constitutes a heparan sulfate (HS) binding motif that influenced virus growth in Vero E6…</p></li>
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</ul>
|
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<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-patent-search">From Patent Search</h1>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>IDENTIFICATION AND ALARM SYSTEM FOR FACIAL CORONA MASK USING CNN BASED IMAGE PROCESSING</strong> - tThe covid-19 epidemic is the world’s largest wake-up call for people to pay attention to their own and society’s health. One thing to keep in mind is that there is a segment of the population that has been exposed to the covid-19 virus and has generated antibodies without developing any significant illnesses and is continuing to be healthy. This indicates that a significant section of the population, even excluding the elderly, lacks the necessary bodily immunity to combat a Viral infection. As terrible as covid-19 is on a global scale, developing personal health standards and preventative measures for any pathogenic virus as a community would have spared many lives. In’this work, a camera is combined with an image processing system to recognise facial masks, which may be improved in a variety of ways. First and foremost, this method is meant to identify masks on a single person’s face. While this method is efficient in identifying someone has a mask, it does not ensure that they will wear it all of the time. The most effective update for this task is to install a camera with a wide field of view so that many individuals can be seen in the frame, and the faces of those who aren’t wearing markings can be identified, as well as the number of people and the timing. - <a href="https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=IN346889253">link</a></p></li>
|
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<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>ANTIMICROBIAL SANITIZING FORMULATION</strong> - An antimicrobial sanitizing formulation, comprising, i) isopropyl alcohol in the range of 0.1%- 80% w/w, ii) an emollient in the range of 0.1%-15% w/w, iii) hydrogen peroxide in the range of 0.1 0.13% w/w, iv) citric acid in the range of 0.1% to 2.0% w/w, v) silver nitrate in the range of 0.1% to 0.5% w/w, and vi) a fragrance imparting agent in the range of 0.1% to 2.0% w/w. - <a href="https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=IN346888094">link</a></p></li>
|
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<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A HEALTH BAND WITH A BIOMETRIC MODULE AND WORKING METHOD THEREOF</strong> - The present invention discloses a health band with a biometric module and method thereof. The assembly includes, but not limited to, a plurality of sensors configured to gather health data associated with a predefined symptom of a medical condition of a user; a memory unit configured to store the data and an interface, which is configured to determine the medical condition using the data;a processing unit configured to execute the application; and a notification facility configured to provide a notification upon receiving from the interface an instruction associated with the notification, wherein the notification is associated with a drug reminder and the like. - <a href="https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=IN346889061">link</a></p></li>
|
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<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>RNA 검출 방법</strong> - 본 발명은 RNA의 분석 및 검출 방법에 관한 것이다. 특히, 본 발명은 특히, 본 발명은 짧은 염기서열의 RNA까지 분석이 가능하면서도 높은 민감도 및 정확도로 정량적 검출까지 가능하여 감염증, 암 등 여러 질환의 진단 용도로도 널리 활용될 수 있다. - <a href="https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=KR346026620">link</a></p></li>
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||
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>REUNION OF PHOTOTHERMAL THERAPY WITH MXENE ADSORBED UREMIC TOXINS AND CYTOKINES: A SHILED FOR COVID-19 PATENTS</strong> - The COVID-19 pandemic has created havoc throughout the world. The disease has proved to be more fatalfor patients having comorbidities like diabetics, lungs and kidney infections, etc. In the case of COVID-19 patientsI having kidney injury, the. removal of uremic toxins from the blood is hindered and there is a rapid surge in the levelj of cytokine hormone resulting in the death of the patient in a short interval of time. To resolve this issue,iI; researchers have examined that the immediate removal of these toxins can improve the condition of the patient to a |greater extent. Studies have also found the presence of SARS CoV-2 viral RNAs in the blood of COVID-19patients, which risks their life as well as impacts the blood transfusion process, especially in the case ofasymptomatic patients. Hence it is required to control the surge of cytokines and uremic toxins as well as disinfectthe blood of the patient from the virus. MXenes, having a foam-like porous structure and hydrophilic negativesurface functionalization have greater adsorption efficiency as well as superior photothermal activity. Utilizingthese properties of MXenes, the MXene membranes can be used in the dialyzer that can help in the efficient andBiuick removal of the uremic toxins, cytokines, and other impurities from the blood. Along with this the greaterTJAdsorption efficiency of MXenes to amino acids result in the trapping of the SARS CoV-2 viruses on the surface J)3>f the MXene. Many researchers as well as the WHO have proved the efficient reduction of the viral copy numbersjjvith the increase of temperature. Hence, followed by the trapping of the viruses, the implementation of"Zphotothermal Therapy can result in the inactivation and denaturation of the viruses and their respective viral RNAsBJlby the produced heat. The same process can be repeated several times to get better results. This whole process canr>oQ-esult in impurity-free and infection-free blood, that can be returned back to the body of the patient or can be!— I Sitilized for the blood transfusion process without any risk of infection.IM - <a href="https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=IN346889224">link</a></p></li>
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||
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>REDUCING AND STOPPING OXYGEN WASTAGE IN HOSPITAL</strong> - In an aspect, the present invention discloses a system (200) for prevention and reduction of oxygen wastage from oxygen mask (202). The system (200) includes the oxygen mask (202) having straps; a tension sensor (204), the tension sensor being sensitive towards tension produced in the straps as the oxygen gets leakage through sides of the mask (202); a processor configured in alignment with the tension sensor (204); and a buzzer (206) in alignment with processor. - <a href="https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=IN346042219">link</a></p></li>
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<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Hung Thanh Phan COVID-19 NEW SOLUTION</strong> - - <a href="https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=AU344983394">link</a></p></li>
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<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A METHOD TO REVEAL MOTIF PATTERNS OF COVID-19 USING MULTIPLE SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT</strong> - This present invention consists of different levels of computation and work in a pipeline manner i.e., input of one will be output of another and it is sequential process. Input data given in form of nucleotide sequence (DNA) of different COVID-19 patients (1). Using these nucleotide sequence perform mutation if possible and arrange them in a sequential order (2). Arrange number of nucleotide sequences of different patients in row wise and also compute number of characters in each row. (3). Compute frequency of occurrence of character in column wise and create a matrix having 4 rows and maximum sequence length will be the column size (4). Find the character like A, T, C, and G which one has maximum score and similarly find for each column to produce a final sequence (5). - <a href="https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=IN346039750">link</a></p></li>
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<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>REUSABILITY OF ANTIMICROBIAL MULTILAYER NANOFIBER MASK WITH HIGH PROTECTIVE</strong> - According to the present Invention, an antimicrobial multi-layer protective mask has a body section including at least first and second fabric layers having random fiber configuration; a middle layer including nanofiber membrane; and third and fourth fabric layers. There are two layers of fabric sandwiched between the nanofiber membrane and the third fabric layer. Fabric layers 1 through 4 each include a synergistic mixture of at least two metal oxide powders that exhibit synergistic antibacterial capabilities, such as the first metal’s mixed-oxidation state oxide and a second metal’s single-oxidation-state oxide. - <a href="https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=IN346039053">link</a></p></li>
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<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>用于检测新型冠状病毒的引物、探针及其应用</strong> - 本发明属于医学检测领域，具体涉及用于检测新型冠状病毒的引物、探针及其应用。本发明设计了四组引物探针，采用常用的TaqMan‑MGB探针法对新型冠状病毒进行检测，可用于检测新型冠状病毒野生型、新型冠状病毒变异株、新型冠状病毒B.1.617亚型变异株以及新型冠状病毒B.1.617.2亚型变异株。假病毒测试结果表明，试剂灵敏度可达到500copies/mL。10份健康志愿者和4份常见其他呼吸道病原体检测均没有非特异性扩增，引物探针组合及试剂特异性较好。 - <a href="https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=CN346990286">link</a></p></li>
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