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<title>03 August, 2022</title>
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<title>Covid-19 Sentry</title><meta content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" name="viewport"/><link href="styles/simple.css" rel="stylesheet"/><link href="../styles/simple.css" rel="stylesheet"/><link href="https://unpkg.com/aos@2.3.1/dist/aos.css" rel="stylesheet"/><script src="https://unpkg.com/aos@2.3.1/dist/aos.js"></script></head>
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<h1 data-aos="fade-down" id="covid-19-sentry">Covid-19 Sentry</h1>
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<h1 data-aos="fade-right" data-aos-anchor-placement="top-bottom" id="contents">Contents</h1>
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<ul>
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<li><a href="#from-preprints">From Preprints</a></li>
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<li><a href="#from-clinical-trials">From Clinical Trials</a></li>
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<li><a href="#from-pubmed">From PubMed</a></li>
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<li><a href="#from-patent-search">From Patent Search</a></li>
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</ul>
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<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-preprints">From Preprints</h1>
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<li><strong>The Welfare State and Risk Perceptions: The Novel Coronavirus Pandemic and Public Concern in 70 Countries</strong> -
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<div>
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The novel coronavirus pandemic led individuals to experience heightened social risks, particularly financial and health related. The strength of a welfare state shapes individual risk perceptions under normal circumstances. My research question is whether it also shapes risk perceptions in abnormal disaster scenarios, for example amidst the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. I test this using the data from the global COVIDiSTRESS survey to compare 70 countries in April of 2020, a month where deaths resulting from Covid-19 affected three-quarters of the world’s societies. Controlling for local timing and severity of the pandemic, welfare state strength predicts lower risk perceptions. However, this it is not a universal effect as I expected. The welfare state impact depends on how quickly a government introduced strong ‘lock down’ measures. The longer it took a government to respond the more the welfare state reduces risk perceptions. Governments that took lock down measures in advance of the virus show no variation in risk perceptions, whereas governments that took 30 days to respond have up to a 1.5 standard deviation range of risk perceptions depending on the strength of the welfare state. I conclude that the welfare state matters very much when governments fail to take effective intervention measures in a global emergency.
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<div class="article-link article-html-link">
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://osf.io/preprints/socarxiv/96fd2/" target="_blank">The Welfare State and Risk Perceptions: The Novel Coronavirus Pandemic and Public Concern in 70 Countries</a>
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</div></li>
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<li><strong>Locked Down or Locked In? Institutionalized Public Preferences and Pandemic Policy Feedback in 32 Countries</strong> -
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The Novel Coronavirus Pandemic provides a unique opportunity to test theories of policy feedback in times of national emergency. An important question in this field is whether the discrepancy between public attitudes and emergency rules makes ordinary citizens less likely to comply, which in turn can undermine the goals of that national emergency policies such as the recent lockdown. In this study, we first compare 2016 institutionalized non-Covid related public preferences for government intervention to government actions taken at the outbreak of this pandemic in early March 2020 across 32 middle to high income countries, using aggregated data from the International Social Survey Program and country-level Blavatnik Coronavirus Government Response Tracker data. Then, we use the relative discrepancy between them to predict public behaviors shortly after the initial outbreak in late-March into early April using the Measuring Worldwide COVID-19 Attitudes and Beliefs survey. We find no association between public preferences and government response at the outbreak; however, we find some tentative evidence that the discrepancy between them shows a relationship with public behaviors in the subsequent stage, after adjusting for the local severity of the outbreak and the current level of government intervention. Where the government took much stronger interventions in the outbreak stage relative to public preferences for non-Covid government interventions, the public were more likely to engage in risky social behaviors, such as going out when asked not to, attending social gatherings, or not keeping a safe distance from others. In contrast, where the government took weaker measures, the public were instead more likely to avoid risky social behaviors. Although we cannot conclude whether this means that the enforced measures were more or less effective, our results may suggest that governments took stronger measures in countries where they expected more risky behaviors and that there may be a tradeoff between institutionalized public preferences and the ability to curtail social behaviours.
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<div class="article-link article-html-link">
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://osf.io/preprints/socarxiv/7swqe/" target="_blank">Locked Down or Locked In? Institutionalized Public Preferences and Pandemic Policy Feedback in 32 Countries</a>
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</div></li>
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<li><strong>Further to the left. Stress-induced increase of spatial pseudoneglect during the COVID-19 lockdown</strong> -
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Background The measures taken to contain the COVID-19 pandemic, such as the lockdown in Italy, do impact psychological health; yet, less is known about their effect on cognitive functioning. The transactional theory of stress predicts reciprocal influences between perceived stress and cognitive performance. However, the effects of a period of stress due to social isolation on spatial cognition and exploration have been little examined. The aim of the present study was to investigate the possible effects and impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on spatial cognition tasks, particularly those concerning spatial exploration, and the physiological leftward bias known as pseudoneglect. A right-hemisphere asymmetry for spatial attention processes crucially contributes to pseudoneglect. Other evidence indicates a predominantly right-hemisphere activity in stressful situations. We also analyzed the effects of lockdown on coping strategies, which typically show an opposite pattern of hemispheric asymmetry, favoring the left hemisphere. If so, then pseudoneglect should increase during the lockdown and be negatively correlated with the efficacy of coping strategies. Methods One week before the start of the lockdown due to Covid-19 in Italy (T1), we had collected data from a battery of behavioral tests including tasks of peri-personal spatial cognition. During the quarantine period, from late April to early May 2020 (T2), we repeated the testing sessions with a subgroup of the same participants (47 right-handed students, mean age = 20, SD = 1.33). At both testing sessions, participants performed digitized neuropsychological tests, including a cancellation task, radial arm maze task and Raven’s advanced progressive matrices. Participants also completed a newly developed COVID-19 Student Stress Scale, based on transactional models of stress, and the COPE-NIV to assess coping orientation. Results The tendency to start cancellation from a left-sided item, to explore first a left-sided arm of the maze, and to choose erroneous response items on the left side of the page on Raven’s matrices, increased from T1 to T2. The degree of pseudoneglect increment positively correlated with perceived stress, and negatively correlated with Positive Attitude and Problem-Solving COPE-NIV subscales. Conclusions Lockdown-related stress may have contributed to increase leftward bias during quarantine through a greater activation of the right hemisphere. On the other hand, pseudoneglect was decreased for better coping participants, perhaps as a consequence of a more balanced hemispheric activity in these individuals.
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<div class="article-link article-html-link">
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://psyarxiv.com/xb954/" target="_blank">Further to the left. Stress-induced increase of spatial pseudoneglect during the COVID-19 lockdown</a>
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</div></li>
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<li><strong>Parents’ intention to vaccinate their children against COVID-19</strong> -
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<div>
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Usually, parents and caregivers are the ones responsible for children’s vaccination, their intention to vaccinate children depending on many factors. In a society where almost half of adults have refused to take a jab against COVID-19, it is important to know which factors increase or decrease the odds of a child getting vaccinated. In the present study, we examined parents’ reasons for/against children vaccination and predictors of this intention. We found that about 30% of parents intended to have their children vaccinated to protect the health of children and their close ones. On the other hand, parents who did not intend to have their children vaccinated were typically afraid of long-term consequences of vaccination and its side effects, with less than one fifth of them being skeptical about vaccination per se. Using logistic regression analyses, we found that a higher willingness to vaccinate was in male, older parents, and those with higher (socio)economic status. Parents with a higher adherence to restrictions, and higher trust in government and authorities were more likely to vaccinate their children. Moreover, parents who had themselves been vaccinated or were more positive towards vaccination in general were much more willing to vaccinate their children. On the contrary, belief in conspiracy theories decreased this intention 10-times. No other variables (e.g., demographic characteristics, mental health indicators, or direct experience with COVID-19) significantly predicted parents’ intention to vaccinate their children. The study offers several implications related to the complexity of factors which determine hesitant parents’ intention to vaccinate their children. We aimed to answer questions on how, when, and by whom parents should be approached to improve their awareness on vaccination decisions.
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</div>
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<div class="article-link article-html-link">
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://psyarxiv.com/58pbg/" target="_blank">Parents’ intention to vaccinate their children against COVID-19</a>
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</div></li>
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<li><strong>Equity in new active travel infrastructure: a spatial analysis of London’s new Low Traffic Neighbourhoods</strong> -
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<div>
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NOTE: this is a preprint version of an article since published in the peer-reviewed Journal of Transport Geography. For the final version please visit https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0966692321002477. In this article we examine equity in new active travel infrastructure in London, UK. We focus on Low Traffic Neighbourhood schemes (LTNs) introduced during Covid-19. These mainly involve ‘modal filters’ that restrict through motor traffic from residential streets. Such approaches to traffic management are traditional in the Netherlands, but relatively new in London and other global cities such as Barcelona. LTNs are often controversial, with one criticism being that they are implemented in affluent areas and hence benefit richer residents. London represents an excellent opportunity to investigate the extent to which these rapidly introduced schemes have so far been equitably distributed. We focused on LTNs introduced between March and September 2020 and still present at the end of October 2020. Having generated datasets representing these new LTN locations and their boundary roads, we matched these to Output Areas (OAs, administrative areas containing around 300 residents). We then examined the extent to which LTN implementation was associated with age, ethnicity, disability, employment and car ownership (Census 2011) and small-area deprivation (Index of Multiple Deprivation 2019). We estimated that 3.7% of all Londoners live inside a new LTN, and 8.8% live within 500m walking distance of a new modal filter. Across London as a whole, people in the most deprived quarter of OAs were 2.7 times more likely to live in a new LTN, compared to Londoners in the least deprived quarter. While overall Black, Asian and Minority Ethnic (BAME) people were slightly more likely than White Londoners to live in a new LTN, this varied by ethnic group. Specifically, Black Londoners were somewhat more likely, and Asian Londoners somewhat less likely than White people to live in a new LTN. Car-free households were more likely to live in a new LTN. Within London’s districts – which lead the implementation of LTNs - there was wide variation, with people in more deprived areas and/or ethnic minorities more likely to live in an LTN in some districts, less likely in others. In the median (‘typical’) district, people in more deprived areas were more likely to live in an LTN than people in less deprived areas, suggesting that, on average, individual districts have prioritised their more deprived areas. However, in the median district, BAME residents were slightly less likely to live in an LTN than White residents. Finally, at the micro level, residents living in LTNs were demographically similar to neighbours living in OAs that touched an LTN boundary road. We conclude that LTN implementation has been broadly equitable at the city level and at the micro level, but not always at the district level. Such metrics should be used in policy and research to monitor and improve the equity of active travel interventions.
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</div>
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<div class="article-link article-html-link">
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://osf.io/preprints/socarxiv/q87fu/" target="_blank">Equity in new active travel infrastructure: a spatial analysis of London’s new Low Traffic Neighbourhoods</a>
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<li><strong>Breathing and Tilting: Mesoscale simulations illuminate influenza glycoprotein vulnerabilities</strong> -
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Influenza virus has resurfaced recently from inactivity during the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic, raising serious concerns about the nature and magnitude of future epidemics. The main antigenic targets of influenza virus are two surface glycoproteins, hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA). Whereas the structural and dynamical properties of both glycoproteins have been studied previously, the understanding of their plasticity in the whole-virion context is fragmented. Here, we investigate the dynamics of influenza glycoproteins in a crowded protein environment through mesoscale all-atom molecular dynamics simulations of two evolutionary-linked glycosylated influenza A whole-virion models. Our simulations reveal and kinetically characterize three main molecular motions of influenza glycoproteins: NA head tilting, HA ectodomain tilting, and HA head breathing. The flexibility of HA and NA highlights antigenically relevant conformational states, as well as facilitates the characterization of a novel monoclonal antibody, derived from human convalescent plasma, that binds to the underside of the NA head. Our work provides previously unappreciated views on the dynamics of HA and NA, advancing the understanding of their interplay and suggesting possible strategies for the design of future vaccines and antivirals against influenza.
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.02.502576v1" target="_blank">Breathing and Tilting: Mesoscale simulations illuminate influenza glycoprotein vulnerabilities</a>
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<li><strong>A Web-scrapped Skin Image Database of Monkeypox, Chickenpox, Smallpox, Cowpox, and Measles</strong> -
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Monkeypox has emerged as a fast-spreading disease around the world and an outbreak has been reported in 42 countries so far. Although the clinical attributes of Monkeypox are similar to that of Smallpox, skin lesions and rashes caused by Monkeypox often resemble that of other pox types, e.g., Chickenpox and Cowpox. This scenario makes an early diagnosis of Monkeypox challenging for the healthcare professional just by observing the visual appearance of lesions and rashes. The rarity of Monkeypox before the current outbreak further created a knowledge gap among healthcare professionals around the world. To tackle this challenging situation, scientists are taking motivation from the success of supervised machine learning in COVID-19 detection. However, the lack of Monkeypox skin image data is making the bottleneck of using machine learning in Monkeypox detection from skin images of patients. Therefore, in this project, we introduce the Monkeypox Skin Image Dataset (MSID), the largest of its kind so far. We used web-scrapping to collect Monkeypox, Chickenpox, Smallpox, Cowpox and Measles infected skin as well as healthy skin images to build a comprehensive image database and made it publicly available. We believe that our database will facilitate the development of baseline machine learning algorithms for early Monkeypox detection in clinical settings. Our dataset is available in the following Kaggle link: https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/arafathussain/monkeypox-skinimage-dataset-2022.
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</div>
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<div class="article-link article-html-link">
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.01.502199v1" target="_blank">A Web-scrapped Skin Image Database of Monkeypox, Chickenpox, Smallpox, Cowpox, and Measles</a>
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<li><strong>DNA Origami Presenting the Receptor Binding Domain of SARS-CoV-2 Elicit Robust Protective Immune Response</strong> -
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Effective and safe vaccines are invaluable tools in the arsenal to fight infectious diseases. The rapid spreading of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) responsible of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has highlighted the need to develop methods for rapid and efficient vaccine development. DNA origami nanoparticles (DNA-NPs) presenting multiple antigens in prescribed nanoscale patterns have recently emerged as a safe, efficient, and easily scalable alternative for rational design of vaccines. Here, we are leveraging the unique properties of these DNA-NPs and demonstrate that precisely patterning ten copies of a reconstituted trimer of the receptor binding domain (RBD) of SARS-CoV-2 along with CpG adjuvants on the DNA-NPs is able to elicit a robust protective immunity against SARS-CoV-2 in a mouse model. Our results demonstrate the potential of our DNA-NP-based approach for developing safe and effective nanovaccines against infectious diseases.
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.02.502186v1" target="_blank">DNA Origami Presenting the Receptor Binding Domain of SARS-CoV-2 Elicit Robust Protective Immune Response</a>
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<li><strong>UVC-based air disinfection system for rapid inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 present in the air</strong> -
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The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infections have rapidly spread throughout the world, and the virus has acquired an ability to spread via aerosols even at long distances. Hand washing, face-masking, and social distancing are the primary preventive measures against infections. With mounting scientific evidence, World Health Organisation (WHO) declared COVID-19 an air-borne disease. This ensued the need to disinfect air to reduce the transmission. Ultraviolet C (UVC) comprising the light radiation of 200-280 nm range is a commonly used method for inactivation of pathogens. The heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems are not beneficial in closed spaces due to poor or no ability to damage circulating viruses. Therefore, standard infection-prevention practices coupled with a strategy to reduce infectious viral load in air substantially might be helpful in reducing virus transmissibility. In this study, we implemented UV light-based strategies to combat COVID-19 and future pandemics. We tested various disinfection protocols by using UVC-based air purification systems and currently installed such a system in workspaces, rushed out places, hospitals and healthcare facilities for surface, air, and water disinfection. In this study, we designed a prototype device to test the dose of UVC required to inactivate SARS-CoV-2 in aerosols and demonstrate that the radiation rapidly destroys the virus in aerosols. The UVC treatment renders the virus non-infectious due to chemical modification of nucleic acid. We also demonstrate that UVC treatment alters the Spike protein conformation that may further affect the infectivity of the virus. We show by using a mathematical model based on the experimental data that UVC-based air disinfection strategy can substantially reduce the risk of virus transmission. The systematic treatment by UVC of air in closed spaces via ventilation systems could be helpful in reducing the active viral load in the air.
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<div class="article-link article-html-link">
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.02.502427v1" target="_blank">UVC-based air disinfection system for rapid inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 present in the air</a>
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<li><strong>SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.1 and BA.2 are attenuated in rhesus macaques as compared to Delta</strong> -
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Since the emergence of SARS-CoV-2, five different variants of concern (VOCs) have been identified: Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta, and Omicron. Due to confounding factors in the human population, such as pre-existing immunity, comparing severity of disease caused by different VOCs is challenging. Here, we investigate disease progression in the rhesus macaque model upon inoculation with the Delta, Omicron BA.1, and Omicron BA.2 VOCs. Disease severity in rhesus macaques inoculated with Omicron BA.1 or BA.2 was lower than those inoculated with Delta and resulted in significantly lower viral loads in nasal swabs, bronchial cytology brush samples, and lung tissue in rhesus macaques. Cytokines and chemokines were upregulated in nasosorption samples of Delta animals compared to Omicron BA.1 and BA.2 animals. Overall, these data suggests that in rhesus macaques, Omicron replicates to lower levels than the Delta VOC, resulting in reduced clinical disease.
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<div class="article-link article-html-link">
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.01.502390v1" target="_blank">SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.1 and BA.2 are attenuated in rhesus macaques as compared to Delta</a>
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<li><strong>NF-κB inhibitor alpha has a cross-variant role during SARS-CoV-2 infection in ACE2-overexpressing human airway organoids</strong> -
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As SARS-CoV-2 continues to spread worldwide, simple and tractable primary airway cell models that accurately recapitulate the cell-intrinsic response to arising viral variants are needed. Here we describe an adult stem cell-derived human airway organoid model overexpressing the ACE2 receptor that supports robust viral replication while maintaining 3D architecture and cellular diversity of the airway epithelium. ACE2-OE organoids were infected with SARS-CoV-2 variants and subjected to single-cell RNA-sequencing. NF-kB inhibitor alpha was consistently upregulated in infected epithelial cells, and its mRNA expression positively correlated with infection levels. Single-cell imaging showed more IkBa expression in infected cells than uninfected bystander cells, but found concurrent nuclear translocation of NF-kB that IkBa usually prevents. Overexpressing a non-degradable IkBa mutant reduced NF-kB translocation and increased viral infection. These data identify IkBa as a cellular rheostat that controls viral replication by tuning NF-kB. Incomplete NF-kB control in infected cells may promote inflammation and severe disease.
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.02.502100v1" target="_blank">NF-κB inhibitor alpha has a cross-variant role during SARS-CoV-2 infection in ACE2-overexpressing human airway organoids</a>
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<li><strong>Serological surveillance for wild rodent infection with SARS-CoV-2 in Europe</strong> -
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We report serological surveillance for exposure to SARS-CoV-2 in 1,237 wild rodents and other small mammals across Europe. All samples were negative with the exception of one. Given the ongoing circulation of this virus in humans and potential host jumps, we suggest such surveillance be continued.
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.02.502439v1" target="_blank">Serological surveillance for wild rodent infection with SARS-CoV-2 in Europe</a>
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<li><strong>FAITH AND OUTGROUP DEHUMANIZATION DURING COVID: PARADOXICAL ENACTMENT PATTERNS</strong> -
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We investigate religious outgroup dehumanization in American Christians and Buddhists at different levels of intrinsic and extrinsic religiosity to determine how religion and religiosity interact in shielding against existential threat during the pandemic. We find a significant four-way interaction between religion, intrinsic religiosity, extrinsic religiosity, and impact of religious practice due to the Covid-19 pandemic. At higher levels of impact of Covid-19 on religious practice (but not lower levels), Christians high on extrinsic religiosity (but low on intrinsic religiosity) dehumanized religious outgroups the most, whereas Christians high on extrinsic and high on intrinsic religiosity dehumanized religious outgroups significantly less. At low levels of impact of Covid-19 on religious practice, only higher levels of extrinsic religiosity were related to higher levels of dehumanization. Buddhists, regardless of level of religiosity and impact of Covid-19 to religious practice, consistently rated religious outgroups the same. These paradoxical enactment patterns contribute to religion and terror management literature.
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<div class="article-link article-html-link">
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://osf.io/8xuhw/" target="_blank">FAITH AND OUTGROUP DEHUMANIZATION DURING COVID: PARADOXICAL ENACTMENT PATTERNS</a>
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<li><strong>Limited induction of lung-resident memory T cell responses against SARS-CoV-2 by mRNA vaccination</strong> -
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Resident memory T cells (T<sub>RM</sub>) present at the respiratory tract may be essential to enhance early SARS-CoV-2 viral clearance, thus limiting viral infection and disease. While long-term antigen (Ag)-specific T<sub>RM</sub> are detectable beyond 11 months in the lung of convalescent COVID-19 patients after mild and severe infection, it is unknown if mRNA vaccination encoding for the SARS-CoV-2 S-protein can induce this frontline protection. We found that the frequency of CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells secreting interferon (IFN)γ in response to S-peptides was variable but overall similar in the lung of mRNA-vaccinated patients compared to convalescent-infected patients. However, in vaccinated patients, lung responses presented less frequently a T<sub>RM</sub> phenotype compared to convalescent infected individuals and polyfunctional CD107a<sup>+</sup> IFNγ<sup>+</sup> T<sub>RM</sub> were virtually absent. Thus, a robust and broad T<sub>RM</sub> response established in convalescent-infected individuals may be advantageous in limiting disease if the virus is not blocked by initial mechanisms of protection, such as neutralization. Still, mRNA vaccines might induce responses within the lung parenchyma, potentially contributing to the overall disease control.
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</p>
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.25.22275300v2" target="_blank">Limited induction of lung-resident memory T cell responses against SARS-CoV-2 by mRNA vaccination</a>
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<li><strong>Measuring various aspects of coronavirus anxiety: A psychometric evaluation of Pandemic anxiety and Coronophobia scales from the latent and network perspective</strong> -
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Background Since the outbreak of COVID-19, understanding and describing the changes in experiences related to the pandemic and its correlates have become crucial. The current study aims to provide a psychometric evaluation and examination of the relationship of two COVID-related anxiety scales through the latent and network approach. Methods The data was collected from the same participants at two time points (Nwave 1 = 1283; Nwave 2 = 1326). The study examined the psychometric properties of the Pandemic Anxiety Scale and Coronaphobia scale. It also examined the factor structure, invariance and relationship with selected variables through both the latent and network approach. Results The PAS and Coronaphobia scale provided good fit and psychometric properties. The results also indicated that distinguishing between them is crucial as they were related differently to various variables. The global network models provided a more complex insight in their connections with the set of selected variables. Conclusion The PAS and Coronaphobia scales are brief and valid measures that can be used in research looking at mental health issues related to the pandemic. The present study shows a unique pattern of relationships of these scales with other variables, extending previous studies into the topic of COVID-related anxiety.
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://psyarxiv.com/syweg/" target="_blank">Measuring various aspects of coronavirus anxiety: A psychometric evaluation of Pandemic anxiety and Coronophobia scales from the latent and network perspective</a>
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<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-clinical-trials">From Clinical Trials</h1>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Puerto Rico COVID-19 Vaccine Uptake Study</strong> - <b>Condition</b>: COVID-19<br/><b>Intervention</b>: Other: Educational intervention<br/><b>Sponsors</b>: University of Puerto Rico; National Institutes of Health (NIH); National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (NIMHD)<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A Study to Learn About a New COVID-19 RNA Vaccine Candidate as a Booster Dose in COVID-19 Vaccine-Experienced Healthy Adults</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>: SARS-CoV-2 Infection; COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>: Biological: BNT162b5 Bivalent (WT/OMI BA.2); Biological: BNT162b2 Bivalent (WT/OMI BA.1)<br/><b>Sponsors</b>: BioNTech SE; Pfizer<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Monitoring the Efficacy of a Probiotic Dietary Supplement SmartProbio C in Patients With Severe COVID-19 Infection</strong> - <b>Condition</b>: COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>: Dietary Supplement: SmartProbio C; Dietary Supplement: Placebo<br/><b>Sponsors</b>: Medi Pharma Vision; Veterinary Research Institute; Brno University Hospital<br/><b>Completed</b></p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Beta-glucans for Hospitalised Patients With COVID-19</strong> - <b>Condition</b>: COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>: Drug: MC 3x3; Drug: Placebo<br/><b>Sponsors</b>: Concentra Educacion e Investigación Biomédica; Wohlstand Pharmaceutical<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>An Observer-blind, Cohort Randomized, Exploratory Phase 3 Study to Evaluate the Safety and Immunogenicity of Recombinant Covid-19 Vaccine, mRNA Covid-19 Vaccine and Recombinant SARS-CoV-2 Trimeric S-protein Subunit Vaccine as 4th Dose in Individuals Primed/ Boosted With Various Regimens</strong> - <b>Condition</b>: COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>: Biological: AstraZeneca/Fiocruz; Biological: Pfizer/Wyeth; Biological: Clover SCB-2019<br/><b>Sponsors</b>: D’Or Institute for Research and Education; Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation; University of Oxford<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Safety and Immunogenicity of Recombinant COVID-19 Variant Vaccine (Sf9 Cell) as a Booster</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>: COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2 Infection<br/><b>Interventions</b>: Biological: Recombinant COVID-19 variant Vaccine (Sf9 Cell); Biological: COVID-19 Vaccine (Vero Cell), Inactivated; Biological: mRNA COVID-19 vaccine (Moderna); Biological: Viral Vector COVID-19 vaccine (AstraZeneca)<br/><b>Sponsor</b>: WestVac Biopharma Co., Ltd.<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Effect of Pulmonary Rehabilitation Program on Post Hospitalization Severe COVID- 19 Patients</strong> - <b>Condition</b>: Post COVID-19 Condition<br/><b>Intervention</b>: Combination Product: respiratory exercises - incentive spirometer - walking<br/><b>Sponsor</b>: Fayoum University Hospital<br/><b>Completed</b></p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Physiotherapy in Post COVID-19 Syndrome Patients</strong> - <b>Condition</b>: Post-COVID-19 Syndrome<br/><b>Interventions</b>: Other: Cognitive behavioral principles-based treatment program; Other: Control intervention<br/><b>Sponsor</b>: Universidad de Granada<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Rehabilitation for People With Post COVID-19 Syndrome</strong> - <b>Condition</b>: Post-COVID-19 Syndrome<br/><b>Interventions</b>: Other: Multidimensional intervention; Other: Control intervention<br/><b>Sponsor</b>: Universidad de Granada<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A Clinical Trial of Immuno-bridging Between Different Manufacture Scales of Recombinant COVID-19 Vaccine (Sf9 Cell)</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>: COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2 Pneumonia<br/><b>Intervention</b>: Biological: Recombinant COVID-19 vaccine (Sf9 cell)<br/><b>Sponsor</b>: WestVac Biopharma Co., Ltd.<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A CHW Intervention to Identify and Decrease Barriers to COVID 19 Testing & Vaccination</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>: Vaccine Hesitancy; COVID-19 Testing; Community Health Workers<br/><b>Intervention</b>: Behavioral: Community Health Worker led curriculum<br/><b>Sponsors</b>: Charles Drew University of Medicine and Science; Los Angeles County Department of Public Health; National Library of Medicine (NLM)<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Study to Evaluate Safety and Immunogenicity of COVID-19 Vaccine in Children 6 Months to < 12 Years</strong> - <b>Condition</b>: COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>: Biological: Biological/Vaccine: SARS-CoV-2 rS/Matrix-M1 Adjuvant (Initial Vaccination Period); Biological: SARS-CoV-2 rS/Matrix-M1 Adjuvant (Open Label Crossover Vaccination period); Biological: SARS-CoV-2 rS/Matrix-M1 Adjuvant (Booster Vaccination); Other: Placebo<br/><b>Sponsor</b>: Novavax<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Passive Antibodies Against COVID-19 With EVUSHELD in Vaccine Non-responsive CLL</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>: Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia; COVID-19<br/><b>Intervention</b>: Biological: EVUSHELD<br/><b>Sponsors</b>: Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre; AstraZeneca<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Lollipop COVID-19 Testing Study</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>: COVID-19; SARS CoV 2 Infection; COVID-19 Pandemic<br/><b>Intervention</b>: Diagnostic Test: Lollipop Swab<br/><b>Sponsor</b>: University of Wisconsin, Madison<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>SWITCH ON: Analysing the Immunogenicity of Additional Booster Vaccinations in HCW</strong> - <b>Condition</b>: Covid-19 Vaccination<br/><b>Interventions</b>: Drug: Direct boost mRNA; Drug: Direct boost adeno; Drug: Post-poned boost mRNA; Drug: Post-poned boost adeno<br/><b>Sponsors</b>: Erasmus Medical Center; ZonMw (Funding organisation, The Hague, The Netherlands); LUMC, University Hospital (Leiden, The Netherlands); UMCG, University Hospital (Groningen, The Netherlands); AUMC, University Hospital (Amsterdam, The Netherlands)<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
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</ul>
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<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-pubmed">From PubMed</h1>
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<ul>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Rational design of AAVrh10-vectored ACE2 functional domain to broadly block the cell entry of SARS-CoV-2 variants</strong> - The frequently emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants have weakened the effectiveness of existing COVID-19 vaccines and neutralizing antibody therapy. Nevertheless, the infections of SARS-CoV-2 variants still depend on angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor-mediated cell entry, and thus the soluble human ACE2 (shACE2) is a potential decoy for broadly blocking SARS-CoV-2 variants. In this study, we firstly generated the recombinant AAVrh10-vectored shACE2 constructs, a kind of adeno-associated…</p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>The protective effect of xanthenone against LPS-induced COVID-19 acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) by modulating the ACE2/Ang-1-7 signaling pathway</strong> - OBJECTIVE: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is an inflammatory lung disease that has a high rate of morbidity and mortality. It’s an acute diffusive lung injury caused by the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines into the lungs. Specific microRNAs have been identified to play a crucial role in the renin-angiotensin system signaling pathways the main pathophysiological pathway responsible for ARDS. Since the ARDS life-threatening complication associated with COVID-19 is an ongoing…</p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Effects of natural RNA modifications on the activity of SARS-CoV-2 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase</strong> - RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) plays the key role in replication of RNA viruses, including SARS-CoV-2. Processive RNA synthesis by RdRp is crucial for successful genome replication and expression, especially in the case of very long coronaviral genomes. Here, we analyzed the activity of SARS-CoV-2 RdRp (the nsp12-nsp7-nsp8 complex) on synthetic primer-templates of various structures, including substrates with mismatched primers or template RNA modifications. It has been shown that RdRp…</p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Porcine Deltacoronavirus Infection Cleaves HDAC2 to Attenuate Its Antiviral Activity</strong> - Protein acetylation plays an important role during virus infection. Thus, it is not surprising that viruses always evolve elaborate mechanisms to regulate the functions of histone deacetylases (HDACs), the essential transcriptional and epigenetic regulators for deacetylation. Porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV), an emerging enteropathogenic coronavirus, causes severe diarrhea in suckling piglets and has the potential to infect humans. In this study, we found that PDCoV infection inhibited cellular…</p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>“Intention to receive COVID-19 vaccine among healthcare workers: a comparison between two surveys”</strong> - CONCLUSIONS: Present study showed an undesirable rate of intention to receive COVID-19 vaccine among healthcare workers, especially decreasing over the time, emphasize the need of interventions to promote healthcare workers’ intention to receive the vaccine and reduce the spread of COVID-19 disease.</p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>APOE interacts with ACE2 inhibiting SARS-CoV-2 cellular entry and inflammation in COVID-19 patients</strong> - Apolipoprotein E (APOE) plays a pivotal role in lipid including cholesterol metabolism. The APOE ε4 (APOE4) allele is a major genetic risk factor for Alzheimer’s and cardiovascular diseases. Although APOE has recently been associated with increased susceptibility to infections of several viruses, whether and how APOE and its isoforms affect SARS-CoV-2 infection remains unclear. Here, we show that serum concentrations of APOE correlate inversely with levels of cytokine/chemokine in 73 COVID-19…</p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Bovine coronavirus nucleocapsid suppresses IFN-β production by inhibiting RIG-I-like receptors pathway in host cells</strong> - The present study aimed to explore if bovine coronavirus nucleocapsid (BCoV N) impacts IFN-β production in the host cells and to reveal further molecular mechanism of BCoV pathogenesis. Human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293 T cells were transiently transfected with pMyc-BCoV-N recombinant plasmids, then infected with the vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV). Expression levels of beta interferon (IFN-β) mRNA were detected using RT-qPCR. The results showed that BCoV N gene was 1347 bp that was consistent…</p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Human TMPRSS2 non-catalytic ectodomain and SARS-CoV-2 S2’ subunit interaction mediated SARS-CoV-2 endocytosis: a model proposal with virtual screening for potential drug molecules to inhibit this interaction</strong> - This study proposes a novel model for integration of SARS-CoV-2 into host cell via endocytosis as a possible alternative to the prevailing direct fusion model. It is known that the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein undergoes proteolytic cleavage at S1-S2 cleavage site and the cleaved S2 domain is primed by the activated serine protease domain (SPD) of humanTMPRSS2 to become S2’. The activated SPD of TMPRSS2 is formed after it is cleaved by autocatalysis from the membrane bound non-catalytic ectodomain…</p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Ion channel inhibition with amiodarone or verapamil in symptomatic hospitalized nonintensive-care COVID-19 patients: The ReCOVery-SIRIO randomized trial</strong> - CONCLUSIONS: In this randomized trial, neither amiodarone nor verapamil were found to significantly accelerate short-term clinical improvement. Peak CRP and nadir platelet counts were associated with increased mortality both in isolation and by cluster analysis.</p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Unveiling the “Template-Dependent” Inhibition on the Viral Transcription of SARS-CoV-2</strong> - Remdesivir is one nucleotide analogue prodrug capable to terminate RNA synthesis in SARS-CoV-2 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) by two distinct mechanisms. Although the “delayed chain termination” mechanism has been extensively investigated, the “template-dependent” inhibitory mechanism remains elusive. In this study, we have demonstrated that remdesivir embedded in the template strand seldom directly disrupted the complementary NTP incorporation at the active site. Instead, the translocation…</p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Tackling medical misinformation in allergy and immunology practice</strong> - SummaryWhen Dictionary.com named “misinformation” the word of the year, it stated that “The rampant spread of misinformation poses new challenges for navigating life …”. That was in 2018, two years before the global COVID-19 pandemic fundamentally changed the manner in which misinformation inhibited public health efforts unlike any other time in human history. Our patients are continually seeking information pertaining to their health. When we see them for new patient consultations or follow up…</p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Antimicrobial Alkaloids from Marine-Derived Fungi as Drug Leads versus COVID-19 Infection: A Computational Approach to Explore their Anti-COVID-19 Activity and ADMET Properties</strong> - Therapeutic strategies based upon enzyme inhibition have recently gained higher attention in treating hazardous ailments. Herein, the potential use of seventy-two antimicrobial alkaloids isolated from marine-derived fungi to fight COVID-19 infection via inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 lethal virus was performed using in silico analyses. Molecular modelling was performed to assess their enzyme inhibitory potential on the main protease SARS-CoV-2 M^(Pro), 3-chymotrypsin-like protease SARS-CoV-2…</p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Access to Health Care for Migrants Along the Mexico-United States Border: Applying a Framework to Assess Barriers to Care in Mexico</strong> - CONCLUSIONS: While Mexico’s health regulations are inclusive of migrants, in practice there are major barriers to access public health services, which might inhibit migrants from seeking those services. In order to comply with its commitment to guarantee the right to health of all persons, the Mexican health authorities should address the implementation gap between an inclusive policy, and the barriers to access that still remain.</p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>DNA aptamers inhibit SARS-CoV-2 spike-protein binding to hACE2 by an RBD- independent or dependent approach</strong> - Objective: Nobody knows when the COVID-19 pandemic will end or when and where the next coronavirus will outbreak. Therefore, it is still necessary to develop SARS-CoV-2 inhibitors for different variants or even the new coronavirus. Since SARS-CoV-2 uses its surface spike-protein to recognize hACE2, mediating its entry into cells, ligands that can specifically recognize the spike-protein have the potential to prevent infection. Methods: We have recently discovered DNA aptamers against the…</p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Non-Targeted Metabolomic Analysis of Chicken Kidneys in Response to Coronavirus IBV Infection Under Stress Induced by Dexamethasone</strong> - Stress in poultry can lead to changes in body metabolism and immunity, which can increase susceptibility to infectious diseases. However, knowledge regarding chicken responses to viral infection under stress is limited. Dexamethasone (Dex) is a synthetic glucocorticoid similar to that secreted by animals under stress conditions, and has been widely used to induce stress in chickens. Herein, we established a stress model in 7-day-old chickens injected with Dex to elucidate the effects of stress…</p></li>
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</ul>
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<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-patent-search">From Patent Search</h1>
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