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<title>17 September, 2021</title>
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<title>Covid-19 Sentry</title><meta content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" name="viewport"/><link href="styles/simple.css" rel="stylesheet"/><link href="../styles/simple.css" rel="stylesheet"/><link href="https://unpkg.com/aos@2.3.1/dist/aos.css" rel="stylesheet"/><script src="https://unpkg.com/aos@2.3.1/dist/aos.js"></script></head>
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<h1 data-aos="fade-down" id="covid-19-sentry">Covid-19 Sentry</h1>
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<h1 data-aos="fade-right" data-aos-anchor-placement="top-bottom" id="contents">Contents</h1>
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<ul>
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<li><a href="#from-preprints">From Preprints</a></li>
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<li><a href="#from-clinical-trials">From Clinical Trials</a></li>
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<li><a href="#from-pubmed">From PubMed</a></li>
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<li><a href="#from-patent-search">From Patent Search</a></li>
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<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-preprints">From Preprints</h1>
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<li><strong>COVID-19 convalescent plasma and randomized clinical trials: rebuilding confidence by explaining failures and finding signals of efficacy.</strong> -
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Convalescent plasma (CP) recurs as a frontline treatment in epidemics because it is available as soon as there are survivors. The COVID-19 pandemic represented the first large-scale opportunity to shed light into mechanisms of action, safety and efficacy of convalescent plasma using modern evidence-based medicine approaches. Studies ranging from observational case series to randomized controlled trials (RCT) have reported highly variable efficacy results for COVID-19 CP (CCP), resulting in more doubt than certainty. Reasons for CCP success and failure may be hidden in study details, which are usually difficult to explain to physicians and the public but provide fertile ground for designing next-generation studies. In this paper we analyzed variables associated with efficacy such as clinical settings, disease severity, CCP SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels and function, dose, timing of administration (variously defined as time from onset of symptoms, molecular diagnosis, diagnosis of pneumonia, or hospitalization, or by serostatus), outcomes (defined as hospitalization, requirement for ventilation, clinical improvement or mortality), CCP provenance and time for collection, and criteria for efficacy. Focusing only on the results from the 23 available RCT we noted that these were more likely to show signals of efficacy, including reductions in mortality, if the plasma neutralizing titer was ≥ 160 and the time to randomization was ≤ 9 days, consistent with passive antibody therapy efficacy requiring dosing with sufficient antibody. The fact that most studies revealed signals of efficacy despite variability in CCP and its use suggest robust therapeutic effects that become apparent despite the data noise.
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.07.21263194v2" target="_blank">COVID-19 convalescent plasma and randomized clinical trials: rebuilding confidence by explaining failures and finding signals of efficacy.</a>
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</div></li>
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<li><strong>Subgenomic and negative sense RNAs are not markers of active replication of SARS-CoV-2 in nasopharyngeal swabs</strong> -
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Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has spread rapidly in the global population since its emergence in humans in late 2019. Replication of SARS-CoV-2 is characterised by transcription and replication of genomic length RNA and shorter subgenomic RNAs to produce virus proteins and ultimately progeny virions. Here we explore the pattern of both genome-length and subgenomic RNAs and positive and negative strand SARS-CoV-2 RNAs in diagnostic nasopharyngeal swabs using sensitive probe based PCR assays as well as Ampliseq panels designed to target subgenomic RNAs. We successfully developed a multiplex PCR assay to simultaneously measure the relative amount of SARS-CoV-2 full length genomic RNA as well as subgenomic N gene and subgenomic ORF7a RNA. We found that subgenomic RNAs and both positive and negative strand RNA can be readily detected in swab samples taken up to 19 and 17 days post symptom onset respectively, and are strongly correlated with the amount of genomic length RNA present within a sample. Their detection and measurement is therefore unlikely to provide anymore insight into the stage of infection and potential infectivity of an individual beyond what can already be inferred from the total viral RNA load measured by routine diagnostic SARS- CoV-2 PCRs. Using both an original commercial and two custom SARS-CoV-2 Ampliseq mini-panels, we identified that both ORF7a and N gene subgenomic RNAs were consistently the most abundant subgenomic RNAs. We were also able to identify several non-canonical subgenomic RNAs, including one which could potentially be used to translate the ORF7b protein and others which could be used to translate ORF9b and the ORF N* which has arisen from a new transcription regulatory sequence recently created by mutations after SARS-CoV-2 jumped into people. SARS-CoV-2 genomic length and subgenomic length RNAs were present in samples even if cellular RNA was degraded, further indicating that these molecules are likely protected from degradation by the membrane structures seen in SARS-CoV-2 infected cells.
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.29.21259511v2" target="_blank">Subgenomic and negative sense RNAs are not markers of active replication of SARS-CoV-2 in nasopharyngeal swabs</a>
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</div></li>
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<li><strong>Neutralizing antibody-independent immunity to SARS-CoV-2 in hamsters and hACE-2 transgenic mice immunized with a RBD/Nucleocapsid fusion protein</strong> -
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The nucleocapsid (N) and the receptor binding domain (RBD) of the Spike (S) proteins elicit robust antibody and T cell responses either in vaccinated or COVID-19 convalescent individuals. We generated a chimeric protein that comprises the sequences of RBD from S and N antigens (SpiN). SpiN was highly immunogenic and elicited a strong IFN{gamma} response from T cells and high levels of antibodies to the inactivated virus, but no neutralizing antibodies. Importantly, hamsters and the human Angiotensin Convertase Enzyme-2-transgenic mice immunized with SpiN were highly resistant to challenge with the wild type SARS-CoV-2, as indicated by viral load, clinical outcome, lung inflammation and lethality. Thus, the N protein should be considered to induce T-cell-based immunity to improve SARS-CoV-2 vaccines, and eventually to circumvent the immune scape by variants.
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.16.460663v1" target="_blank">Neutralizing antibody- independent immunity to SARS-CoV-2 in hamsters and hACE-2 transgenic mice immunized with a RBD/Nucleocapsid fusion protein</a>
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<li><strong>Geographic and Phylodynamic Distribution of SARS-CoV-2 from Environmental Origin</strong> -
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The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS- CoV-2) has spread globally. Understanding the transmission dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 contamination in the environment is essential for infection control policies. This study aims to provide a phylodynamic analysis and distribution pattern of SARS-CoV-2 from the environment in terms of Source, clades, lineages, and their location. Ninety (90) retrieved whole- genome sequences of environmental sources from GISAID were investigated to determine the evolutionary process of SARS- CoV-2 and mutation in the isolated nucleotide sequences. The analysis was carried out using R, MAFFT, and MEGA X software. Out of the five countries studied, Austria has the highest distribution with sixty-five samples (72.2%), and the highest isolates of 68 (75.6%) were from raw sewage. The highest clade in circulation as obtained from the study is G with lineages B. The phylogeny of SARS-CoV-2 whole-genome sequences from Austria, the United States, China, Brazil, and Liechtenstein indicated that the SARS-CoV-2 viruses were all clustered together, irrespective of sequence geographic location. The study concluded by demonstrating a clear interconnection between the phylogeny of SARS-CoV-2 isolates from various geographic locations, all of which were locked in the same cluster regardless of their environment specimen. Thus, depicting the possibility of their origination from a common ancestor.
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.13.21263432v1" target="_blank">Geographic and Phylodynamic Distribution of SARS-CoV-2 from Environmental Origin</a>
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<li><strong>Signatures of adaptive evolution during human to mink SARS CoV2 cross species transmission inform estimates of the COVID19 pandemic timing</strong> -
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One of the unique features of SARS-CoV-2 is that it mainly evolved neutrally or under purifying selection during the early pandemic. This contrasts with the preceding epidemics of the closely related SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, both of which evolved adaptively. It is possible that the SARS-CoV-2 exhibits a unique or adaptive feature which deviates from other coronaviruses. Alternatively, the virus may have been cryptically circulating in humans for a sufficient time to have acquired adaptive changes for efficient transmission before the onset of the current pandemic. In order to test the above scenarios, we analyzed the SARS-CoV-2 sequences from minks (Neovision vision) and parenteral human strains. In the early phase of the mink epidemic (April to May 2020), nonsynonymous to synonymous mutation ratios per site within the spike protein was 2.93, indicating a selection process favoring adaptive amino acid changes. In addition, mutations within this protein concentrated within its receptor binding domain and receptor binding motif. Positive selection also left a trace on linked neutral variation. An excess of high frequency derived variants produced by genetic hitchhiking was found during middle (June to July 2020) and early late (August to September 2020) phases of the mink epidemic, but quickly diminished in October and November 2020. Strong positive selection found in SARS-CoV-2 from minks implies that the virus may be not unique in super-adapting to a wide range of new hosts. The mink study suggests that SARS-CoV-2 already went through adaptive evolution in humans, and likely been circulating in humans at least six months before the first case found in Wuhan, China. We also discuss circumstances under which the virus can be well-adapted to its host but fail to induce an outbreak.
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.15.459215v1" target="_blank">Signatures of adaptive evolution during human to mink SARS CoV2 cross species transmission inform estimates of the COVID19 pandemic timing</a>
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<li><strong>Meta-analysis of rapid direct-to-PCR assays for the qualitative detection of SARS-CoV-2</strong> -
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Infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and the ensuing COVID-19 pandemic present significant challenges to current diagnostic and therapeutic patient care pathways including whether new in vitro diagnostic tests can accurately identify and rule out current SARS-CoV-2 infection. The gold standard diagnostic test to identify a current SARS-CoV-2 infection is a central laboratory-based molecular assay employing reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) with very high accuracy of detection; however, which typically requires 1-2 days turn-around for results. Rapid RT-PCR assays and systems have been developed which can be deployed locally (near-patient or point of care (POC)), provide faster results and not impact on already stressed central laboratory capacity. Rapid test results can be returned within the same clinical encounter, facilitating timely decisions that optimise the patient care pathway and support more rapid COVID-19 diagnosis, isolation and contract tracing activities1. Direct-to-PCR is an evolution of RT-PCR in which the patient sample is added directly to an amplification reaction without being subjected to prior nucleic acid extraction, purification, or quantification to reduce the time and monetary resources required to process samples. Rapid, direct-to-PCR systems further increase the speed of testing by combining rapid PCR instruments with direct-to-PCR assays, to generate results in less than two hours. This appears to be the first meta-analysis assessing the accuracy of rapid direct-to-PCR in the detection of SARS-CoV-2. In total, 1,144 unique records were identified and screened using search string evaluation, 49 full-text reports and/or supplemental materials were assessed for inclusion. This resulted in 16 studies, reporting 22 datasets with 5322 patient samples (of which 2220 were identified as positive according to centralised laboratory testing) included in the analysis. The overall percentage agreement (OPA) between the rapid direct RT-PCR and gold standard centralised laboratory RT-PCR was 95.10% with 91.22% positive percent agreement (PPA) and 98.16% negative percent agreement (NPA). When compared to commercially available tests were considered, these were assessed to be 96.95% OPA, 94.78 % PPA and 98.34 % NPA. Furthermore, the Cohens kappa statistical coefficient k = 0.94 (0.96 for commercial only), and Youden Index = 0.893 (0.924 for commercial only) indicate an almost perfect agreement. These results therefore indicate that direct-to- PCR assays performance is equivalent to the standard centralised laboratory PCR systems for the detection of SARS-CoV-2. Objectives To assess the efficacy of rapid direct-to-PCR assays and systems for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 in the hospital, care home and medical research population from November 2020 to July 2021. Search methods Initial electronic searches of the Cochrane COVID-19 Study Register (which includes daily updates from PubMed and Embase and preprints from medRxiv and bioRxiv) were undertaken on the 30th of April 2021, with a further search undertaken on 8th July 2021 (PRISMA flow diagram, Figure 2). Selection criteria Studies, published in English, of subjects with either suspected SARS-CoV-2 infection, known SARS-CoV-2 infection or known absence of infection, or those who were being screened for infection were included. Commercially available and research use only rapid direct-to-PCR assays (without RNA extraction and purification reporting results within two hours) were included in the study. Data collection, extraction and analysis Studies were screened independently, in duplicate with any disagreements resolved by discussion with a third author. Study characteristics were extracted by one author and checked by a second; extraction of study results and assessments of risk of bias and applicability were undertaken independently in duplicate. Where studies were not publicly available, sites that undertook in-service evaluations of rapid direct-to-PCR system were contacted and asked to supply anonymised datasets. Both reviewers independently performed data extraction and verification and calculated 2x2 contingency tables with the number of true positives, false positives, false negatives and true negatives. They resolved any disagreements by discussion and by review with the third reviewer. Main results In total, 22 study cohorts were included (described in 16 study reports, including 5 unpublished reports), reporting results for 5322 samples (of which 2220 were confirmed SARS-CoV-2, as determined by central laboratory testing). Studies were mainly from Europe and North America and evaluated eight commercially available direct-to-PCR assay kits/cartridges, and six developed from other reagents. Conclusions This appears to be the first meta-analysis assessing the accuracy of rapid direct-to-PCR in the detection of SARS-CoV-2. In total, 1,144 unique records were identified and screened using search string evaluation, 49 full-text reports and/or supplemental materials were assessed for inclusion. This resulted in 16 studies reporting 21 datasets with 5322 patient samples (2220 positive) included in the analysis. The overall agreement between the commercially available rapid direct RT-PCR and gold standard centralised laboratory RT-PCR was 96.9% with 94.8% PPA and 98.4% NPA. Furthermore, the Cohens kappa statistical coefficient k = 0.96, indicating an almost perfect agreement and Youden Index = 0.93. These results show that direct-to-PCR assays performance is equivalent to the gold standard centralised laboratory RT-PCR systems for the detection of SARS-CoV-2.
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.07.21256745v3" target="_blank">Meta- analysis of rapid direct-to-PCR assays for the qualitative detection of SARS-CoV-2</a>
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<li><strong>Measuring Voluntary Responses in Healthcare Utilization During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Evidence from Taiwan</strong> -
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Healthcare has been one of the most affected sectors during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The utilization of related services for non-COVID-19 diseases fell dramatically following the point at which the virus broke out; however, little is known about whether this observed decline in healthcare use was due to voluntary behaviors or enforced measures. This paper quantifies the spontaneous change in healthcare utilization during the pandemic. We utilize a county-by-week-level dataset from Taiwan9s National Health Insurance (NHI) record, covering the entire Taiwanese population, and a difference-in-differences design. Our results indicate that even if there were no human mobility restrictions or supply-side constraints, people voluntarily reduced their demand for healthcare, due to fears of contagion, or COVID-related precautionary behaviors. We find that the number of outpatient visits (inpatient admissions) decreased by 21% (11%) during the pandemic period (February to May 2020). Furthermore, the demand response of healthcare for Influenza-like illness (ILI) was much greater and more persistent than for non-ILI, thereby suggesting that the substantial decline in accessing healthcare was induced by positive public health externality of prevention measures for COVID-19. Finally, we find that the demand for healthcare services did not get back to the pre-pandemic baseline, even when there were no local coronavirus cases for 253 consecutive days (mid-April to December 2020) in Taiwan.
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.28.20240333v4" target="_blank">Measuring Voluntary Responses in Healthcare Utilization During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Evidence from Taiwan</a>
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<li><strong>Significant Excess Mortality probably due to COVID-19 in Tokyo, Japan until April, 2021</strong> -
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Background: No remarkable mortality attributable to COVID-19 confirmed by PCR test has been observed in Japan. Object: We sought to quantify excess mortality using the National Institute of Infectious Diseases (NIID) model. Method: We applied the NIID model to deaths of all causes from 1987 up through June, 2021 for the whole of Japan and up through April, 2021 for Tokyo. Results: Results in Japan show very few excess mortality in August and October, 2020 and May and June, 2021. It was estimated as 12, 104, 260 and 135, respectively. Conversely, in Tokyo, 1323 excess mortality was detected Discussion and Conclusion: We detected substantial excess mortality in Tokyo but a few in Japan. It might be important to continue to monitor excess mortality of COVID-19 carefully hereafter.
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.09.20143164v20" target="_blank">Significant Excess Mortality probably due to COVID-19 in Tokyo, Japan until April, 2021</a>
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<li><strong>Humoral immune responses against seasonal coronaviruses predict efficiency of SARS-CoV-2 spike targeting, FcγR activation, and corresponding COVID-19 disease severity</strong> -
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Despite SARS-CoV-2 being a “novel” coronavirus, several studies suggest that detection of anti-spike IgG early in infection may be attributable to the amplification of humoral memory responses against seasonal hCoVs in severe COVID-19 patients. In this study, we examined this concept by characterizing anti-spike IgG from a cohort of non-hospitalized convalescent individuals with a spectrum of COVID-19 severity. We observed that anti-spike IgG levels positively correlated with disease severity, higher IgG cross-reactivity against betacoronaviruses (SARS-CoV-1 and OC43), and higher levels of proinflammatory Fc gamma receptor 2a and 3a (Fc{gamma}R2a & Fc{gamma}R3a) activation. In examining the levels of IgG targeting betacoronavirus conserved and immunodominant epitopes versus disease severity, we observed a positive correlation with the levels of IgG targeting the conserved S2’FP region, and an inverse correlation with two conserved epitopes around the heptad repeat (HR) 2 region. In comparing the levels of IgG targeting non-conserved epitopes, we observed that only one of three non-conserved immunodominant epitopes correlated with disease severity. Notably, the levels of IgG targeting the receptor binding domain (RBD) were inversely correlated with severity. Importantly, targeting of the RBD and HR2 regions have both been shown to mediate SARS-CoV-2 neutralization. These findings show that, aside from antibody (Ab) targeting of the RBD region, humoral memory responses against seasonal betacoronaviruses are potentially an important factor in dictating COVID-19 severity, with anti-HR2-dominant Ab profiles representing protective memory responses, while an anti-S2’FP dominant Ab profiles indicate deleterious recall responses. Though these profiles are masked in whole antigen profiling, these analyses suggest that distinct Ab memory responses are detectable with epitope targeting analysis. These findings have important implications for predicting severity of SARS-CoV-2 infections (primary and reinfections), and may predict vaccine efficacy in subpopulations with different dominant antibody epitope profiles.
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.14.460338v1" target="_blank">Humoral immune responses against seasonal coronaviruses predict efficiency of SARS-CoV-2 spike targeting, FcγR activation, and corresponding COVID-19 disease severity</a>
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<li><strong>Dual domain recognition determines SARS-CoV-2 PLpro selectivity for human ISG15 and K48-linked di-ubiquitin</strong> -
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The Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) genome is evolving as the viral pandemic continues its active phase around the world. The Papain-like protease (PLpro) is a domain of Nsp3 - a large multi-domain protein that is an essential component of the replication-transcription complex, making it a good therapeutic target. PLpro is a multi-functional protein encoded in coronaviruses that can cleave viral polyproteins, poly-ubiquitin and protective Interferon Stimulated Gene 15 product, ISG15, which mimics a head-to-tail linked ubiquitin (Ub) dimer. PLpro across coronavirus families showed divergent selectivity for recognition and cleavage of these protein substrates despite sequence conservation. However, it is not clear how sequence changes in SARS-CoV-2 PLpro alter its selectivity for substrates and what outcome this has on the pathogenesis of the virus. We show that SARS-CoV-2 PLpro preferentially binds ISG15 over Ub and K48-linked Ub2. We determined crystal structures of PLpro in complex with human K48-Ub2 and ISG15 revealing that dual domain recognition of ISG15 drives substrate selectivity over Ub and Ub2. We also characterized the PLpro substrate interactions using solution NMR, cross-linking mass spectrometry to support that ISG15 is recognized via two domains while Ub2 binds primarily through one Ub domain. Finally, energetic analysis of the binding interfaces between PLpro from SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2 with ISG15 and Ub2 define the sequence determinants for how PLpros from different coronaviruses recognize two topologically distinct substrates and how evolution of the protease altered its substrate selectivity. Our work reveals how PLpro substrate selectivity may evolve in PLpro coronaviruses variants enabling design of more effective therapeutics.
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.15.460543v1" target="_blank">Dual domain recognition determines SARS-CoV-2 PLpro selectivity for human ISG15 and K48-linked di-ubiquitin</a>
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<li><strong>COVID-19 and Applicable Law to Transnational Personal Data: Trends and Dynamics</strong> -
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The recent COVID-19 outbreak has pushed the tension of protecting personal data in a transnational context to an apex. Using a real case where the personal data of an international traveller was illegally released by Chinese media, the paper identifies that three trends have emerged at the each stage of conflict-of-laws analysis for lex causae: (1) the EU, the US, and China characterize the right to personal data differently, (2) the spread-out unilateral applicable law approach comes from the fact that all three jurisdictions either consider the law for personal data protection as a mandatory law or adopt connecting factors leading to the law of the forum, and (3) the EU and China strongly advocate de-Americanisation of substantive data protection laws. The trends and their dynamics provide valuable implications for developing the choice of laws for transnational personal data. First, this finding informs parties that jurisdiction is a predominant issue in data breach cases because courts and regulators would apply the forum law. Second, currently there is no international treaty or model law on choice-of-law issues for transnational personal data. International harmonization efforts will be a long and difficult journey considering how the trends demonstrate not only the states’ irreconcilable interests, but also how states may consider these interests as their fundamental values that they do not want to trade off. Therefore, for states and international organisations, a feasible priority is to achieve regional coordination or interoperation among states with similar values on personal data protection.
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://osf.io/preprints/socarxiv/uwxtd/" target="_blank">COVID-19 and Applicable Law to Transnational Personal Data: Trends and Dynamics</a>
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<li><strong>Persistent oxidative stress and inflammasome activation in CD14highCD16- monocytes from COVID-19 patients</strong> -
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The poor outcome of the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), caused by SARS-CoV-2, is associated with systemic hyperinflammatory response and immunopathology. Although inflammasome and oxidative stress have independently been implicated in COVID-19, it is poorly understood whether these two pathways cooperatively contribute to disease severity. Herein, we found an enrichment of CD14highCD16- monocytes displaying inflammasome activation evidenced by caspase-1/ASC-speck formation in severe COVID-19 patients when compared to mild ones and healthy controls, respectively. Those cells also showed aberrant levels of mitochondrial superoxide (MitoSOX) and lipid peroxidation, both hallmarks of the oxidative stress response, which strongly correlated with caspase-1 activity. In addition, we found that NLRP3 inflammasome-derived IL-1β secretion by SARS-CoV-2-exposed monocytes in vitro was partially dependent on lipid peroxidation. Importantly, altered inflammasome and stress responses persisted after short-term patient recovery. Collectively, our findings suggest oxidative stress/NLRP3 signaling pathway as a potential target for host-directed therapy to mitigate early COVID-19 hyperinflammation as well as its long-term outcomes.
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.13.21263292v1" target="_blank">Persistent oxidative stress and inflammasome activation in CD14highCD16- monocytes from COVID-19 patients</a>
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<li><strong>Reduced levels of convalescent neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 B.1+L249S+E484K lineage</strong> -
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The E484K mutation at the SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein emerged independently in different variants around the world, probably as part of the ongoing adaptation of the virus to the human host, and has been widely associated with immune escape from neutralizing antibodies generated during previous infection or vaccination. In this work, the B.1+L249S+E484K lineage was isolated along with A.1, B.1.420 and B.1.111 SARS-CoV-2 lineages without the E484K mutation and the neutralizing titer of convalescent sera was compared using microneutralization assays. While no significant differences in the neutralizing antibody titers were found between A1 and B lineages without the E484K mutation, the neutralizing titers against B.1+L249S+E484K were 1.5, 1.9, 2.1, and 1.3-fold lower than against A.1, B.1.420, B.1.111-I, and B.1.111-II, respectively. However, molecular epidemiological data indicate that there is no increase in the transmissibility rate associated with this new lineage. Hence, although the evidence provided in this study support a Variant of Interest Status (VOI) for the B1+L249S+E484K lineage, enhanced laboratory characterization of this particular lineage and other emerging lineages with the E484K mutation should be carried out in individuals with immunity acquired by natural infection and vaccination. This study accentuated the capability of new variants with the E484K mutation to be resistant to neutralization by humoral immunity, and therefore the need to intensify surveillance programs.
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.13.21263430v1" target="_blank">Reduced levels of convalescent neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 B.1+L249S+E484K lineage</a>
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</div></li>
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<li><strong>Rural-Urban Variation in COVID-19 Experiences and Impacts among U.S. Working-Age Adults</strong> -
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<div>
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This study investigates rural-urban continuum differences in COVID-19 experiences and impacts to physical and mental health, social relationships, employment, and financial hardship among U.S. working-age adults (18-64) from the National Wellbeing Survey collected in February and March 2021 (N=3,933). Most respondents (58%) reported that COVID-19 has had a negative impact on their lives. Residents of rural counties adjacent to metro areas reported the worst outcomes. They were more likely than residents of large urban counties to report testing positive for coronavirus, living with someone who tested positive, having a close friend or family member outside of the household test positive, having a close friend or family member hospitalized, seeking treatment for anxiety or depression, being late paying rent, mortgage, and other bills, not being able to afford groceries or other necessities, and getting a loan from family or friends. Recovery policies must consider geographic variation in COVID-19 vulnerability and impacts.
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</div>
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<div class="article-link article-html-link">
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://osf.io/preprints/socarxiv/tbhe2/" target="_blank">Rural-Urban Variation in COVID-19 Experiences and Impacts among U.S. Working-Age Adults</a>
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</div></li>
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<li><strong>Social Capital Dimensions are Differentially Associated with COVID-19 Vaccinations, Masks, and Physical Distancing</strong> -
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<div>
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
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Background Social capital has been associated with health outcomes in communities and can explain variations in different geographic localities. Social capital has also been associated with behaviors that promote better health and reduce the impacts of diseases. During the COVID-19 pandemic, social distancing, face masking, and vaccination have all been essential in controlling contagion. These behaviors have not been uniformly adopted by communities in the United States. Using different facets of social capital to explain the differences in public behaviors among communities during pandemics is lacking. Objective This study examines the relationship among public health behavior, vaccination, face masking, and physical distancing during COVID-19 pandemic and social capital indices in counties in the United States. Methods We used publicly available vaccination data as of June 2021, face masking data in July 2020, and mobility data from mobile phones movements from the end of March 2020. Then, correlation analysis was conducted with county-level social capital index and its subindices (family unity, community health, institutional health, and collective efficacy) that were obtained from the Social Capital Project by the United States Senate. Results We found the social capital index and its subindices differentially correlate with different public health behaviors. Vaccination is associated with institutional health: positively with fully vaccinated population and negatively with vaccination hesitancy. Also, wearing masks negatively associates with community health, whereases reduced mobility associates with better community health. Further, residential mobility positively associates with family unity. By comparing correlation coefficients, we find that social capital and its subindices have largest effect sizes on vaccination and residential mobility. Conclusion Our results show that different facets of social capital are significantly associated with adoption of protective behaviors, e.g., social distancing, face masking, and vaccination. As such, our results suggest that differential facets of social capital imply a Swiss cheese model of pandemic control planning where, e.g., institutional health and community health, provide partially overlapping behavioral benefits.
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</p>
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</div>
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<div class="article-link article-html-link">
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.13.21263543v1" target="_blank">Social Capital Dimensions are Differentially Associated with COVID-19 Vaccinations, Masks, and Physical Distancing</a>
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</div></li>
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</ul>
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<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-clinical-trials">From Clinical Trials</h1>
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<ul>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Finding Treatments for COVID-19: A Trial of Antiviral Pharmacodynamics in Early Symptomatic COVID-19 (PLATCOV)</strong> - <b>Condition</b>: COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>: Drug: Favipiravir; Drug: Monoclonal antibodies; Drug: Ivermectin; Other: No treatment; Drug: Remdesivir<br/><b>Sponsor</b>: University of Oxford<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>COVID-19 Morbidity in Healthcare Workers and Vitamin D Supplementation</strong> - <b>Condition</b>: COVID-19 Respiratory Infection<br/><b>Intervention</b>: Drug: Vitamin D<br/><b>Sponsor</b>: Federal State Budgetary Institution, V. A. Almazov Federal North-West Medical Research Centre, of the Ministry of Health<br/><b>Completed</b></p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>TThe Safety and Efficacy of SCTV01C in Population Aged ≥18 Years Previously Vaccinated With Inactivated COVID-19 Vaccine.Healthy Population Aged ≥18 Years Previously Vaccinated With Inactivated COVID-19 Vaccine.</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>: COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2 Infection<br/><b>Interventions</b>: Biological: SCTV01C; Other: Placebo<br/><b>Sponsor</b>: Sinocelltech Ltd.<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>The Safety and Efficacy of SCTV01C in Population Aged ≥18 Years Previously Vaccinated With Inactivated COVID-19 Vaccine.Healthy Population Aged ≥18 Years Previously Vaccinated With Adenovirus Vectored or mRNA COVID-19 Vaccine.</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>: COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2 Infection<br/><b>Interventions</b>: Biological: SCTV01C; Other: Placebo<br/><b>Sponsor</b>: Sinocelltech Ltd.<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Heterologous Prime-boost Immunization With an Aerosolised Adenovirus Type-5 Vector-based COVID-19 Vaccine (Ad5-nCoV) After Priming With an Inactivated SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine</strong> - <b>Condition</b>: COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>: Biological: inactive SARS-CoV-2 vaccine (Vero cell); Biological: Low dose aerosolized Ad5-nCoV; Biological: High dose aerosolized Ad5-nCoV<br/><b>Sponsor</b>: Jiangsu Province Centers for Disease Control and Prevention<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Text Message Nudges for COVID-19 Vaccination</strong> - <b>Condition</b>: Covid19<br/><b>Intervention</b>: Behavioral: Text message<br/><b>Sponsor</b>: <br/>
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Ascension South East Michigan<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A Study to Evaluate Change in Viral Load After OPN-019 in Adults With COVID-19</strong> - <b>Condition</b>: Covid19<br/><b>Intervention</b>: Drug: OPN-019<br/><b>Sponsor</b>: Optinose US Inc.<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Phase 3 Study to Evaluate the Lot Consistency of a Recombinant Coronavirus-Like Particle COVID-19 Vaccine</strong> - <b>Condition</b>: COVID-19<br/><b>Intervention</b>: Biological: CoVLP formulation<br/><b>Sponsor</b>: <br/>
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Medicago<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Efficacy of KOVIR Hard Capsule in the Combination Regimen With Background Treatment in COVID-19 Patients</strong> - <b>Condition</b>: COVID-19<br/><b>Intervention</b>: Dietary Supplement: KOVIR hard capsule combined with background treatment<br/><b>Sponsors</b>: Sunstar Joint Stock Company; Big Leap Clinical Research Joint Stock Company<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Safety and Efficacy of KOVIR in the Combination Regimen With Background Treatment in COVID-19 Patients (KOVIR)</strong> - <b>Condition</b>: COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>: Drug: KOVIR oral capsule; Drug: Placebo oral capsule<br/><b>Sponsors</b>: Sunstar Joint Stock Company; Big Leap Clinical Research Joint Stock Company<br/><b>Completed</b></p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Physical Activity and Smell Trainings to Help Individuals With Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Recover From Persistent Smell and Taste Impairments - A Pilot Study</strong> - <b>Condition</b>: Covid19<br/><b>Interventions</b>: Behavioral: Physical activity; Other: Smell training<br/><b>Sponsor</b>: Université de Montréal<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Study to Investigate the Treatment Benefits of Probiotic Streptococcus Salivarius K12 for Mild-to-moderate COVID-19</strong> - <b>Condition</b>: Covid19<br/><b>Interventions</b>: Drug: Standard of care; Dietary Supplement: BLIS K12<br/><b>Sponsor</b>: King Edward Medical University<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation in Long COVID-19 Patients With Persistent Breathlessness and Fatigue</strong> - <b>Condition</b>: COVID-19 Respiratory Infection<br/><b>Intervention</b>: <br/>
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Other: Cardiopulmonary exercise training<br/><b>Sponsor</b>: Louis Bherer<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Abbott ID NOW COVID-19</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>: Covid19; SARS-CoV-2 Infection<br/><b>Interventions</b>: <br/>
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Diagnostic Test: Buccal Swab- Copan flocked swab; Diagnostic Test: Standard of Care COVID-19 swab<br/><b>Sponsors</b>: University of Calgary; Health Canada<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Clinical Trial on Sequential Immunization of Recombinant COVID-19 Vaccine (CHO Cells) and Inactivated COVID-19 Vaccine (Vero Cells) in Population Aged 18 Years and Above</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>: COVID-19 Pneumonia; Coronavirus Infections<br/><b>Interventions</b>: Biological: Recombinant COVID-19 Vaccine (CHO cell); Biological: COVID-19 vaccine (Vero cells)<br/><b>Sponsors</b>: <br/>
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National Vaccine and Serum Institute, China; China National Biotec Group Company Limited; Lanzhou Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
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</ul>
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<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-pubmed">From PubMed</h1>
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<ul>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Low-Valent Calix[4]arene Glycoconjugates Based on Hydroxamic Acid Bearing Linkers as Potent Inhibitors in a Model of Ebola Virus Cis-Infection and HCMV-gB-Recombinant Glycoprotein Interaction with MDDC Cells by Blocking DC-SIGN</strong> - In addition to a variety of viral-glycoprotein receptors (e.g., heparan sulfate, Niemann-Pick C1, etc.), dendritic cell- specific intercellular adhesion molecule-3-grabbing nonintegrin (DC-SIGN), from the C-type lectin receptor family, plays one of the most important pathogenic functions for a wide range of viruses (e.g., Ebola, human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), HIV-1, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, etc.) that invade host cells before replication; thus, its inhibition represents a…</p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Evaluation of the correlation between the Access SARS-CoV-2 IgM and IgG II antibody tests with the SARS-CoV-2 surrogate virus neutralization test</strong> - Fully automated immunoassays for detecting severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) antibodies that are strongly correlated with neutralization antibodies (nAbs) are clinically important because they enable assessment of humoral immunity after infection and vaccination. Access SARS-CoV-2 IgM and IgG II antibody tests are semi- quantitative, fully automated immunoassays that detect anti-receptor-binding domain (RBD) antibodies and might reflect nAb levels in coronavirus disease…</p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Should the world collaborate imminently to develop neglected live attenuated vaccines for COVID-19?</strong> - The rapid spread of the Delta variant suggests that SARS-CoV-2 will likely keep rampant for months or years and could claim millions of more lives. All known vaccines cannot well defeat SARS-CoV-2 except neglected live attenuated vaccines (LAVs), which could have much higher efficacy and much higher production efficiency than other vaccines. LAVs have well defeated more pathogenic viruses than other vaccines in the history, and most of the current human vaccines for viral diseases are safe LAVs….</p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2: The Role of the Main Components of the Innate Immune System</strong> - At the end of December 2019, the COVID-19 pandemic began in Wuhan of China. COVID-19 affects different people with a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations, ranging from asymptomatic with recovery without hospitalization up to a severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). The innate and adaptive immunity appears responsible for the defense against the virus and recovery from the disease. The innate immune system, as the first line of defense, is essential for the detection of virus and…</p></li>
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||
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus using ACE2-engineered extracellular vesicles</strong> - The spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) throughout the world has resulted in stressful healthcare burdens and global health crises. Developing an effective measure to protect people from infection is an urgent need. The blockage of interaction between angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and S protein is considered an essential target for anti- severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) drugs. A full-length ACE2 protein could be a potential drug to block early entry…</p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>The Role of Steroids in the Management of COVID-19 Infection</strong> - Steroids are anti-inflammatory drugs that have been utilized in a wide range of clinical illnesses, including rheumatologic, autoimmune, inflammatory, and numerous lung diseases. Because of the inhibition of the inflammatory cascade, corticosteroids are beneficial in many pulmonary disorders, including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), laryngotracheobronchitis, interstitial lung diseases, severe pneumonia, and acute respiratory distress syndrome. We will report a case of a…</p></li>
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||
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>N-Terminal Modification of Gly-His-tagged Proteins with Azidogluconolactone</strong> - Site-specific protein modifications are vital for biopharmaceutical drug development. Gluconoylation is a non-enzymatic, post-translational modification of N-terminal HisTags. We report high-yield, site-selective in vitro α-aminoacylation of peptides, glycoproteins, antibodies, and Virus-like particles (VLPs) with azidogluconolactone at pH 7.5 in 1 h. Conjugates slowly hydrolyse, but diol-masking with borate esters inhibits reversibility. In an example, we multimerise azidogluconoylated…</p></li>
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||
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Influence of coronavirus disease 2019 on myopic progression in children treated with low-concentration atropine</strong> - CONCLUSIONS: The rates of myopic progression have increased substantially after the spread of COVID-19 with an increase in the home confinement of children. Therefore, it is necessary to control the environmental risk factors for myopia, even in children undergoing treatment for the inhibition of myopic progression.</p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>New Chalcone Derivatives as Effective Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Agents</strong> - CONCLUSIONS: Computational analyses identified eight compounds inhibiting each target, with binding affinity scores ranging from -4,370 to -2,748 kcal/mol along with their toxicological, ADME, and drug-like properties.</p></li>
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||
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Efficacy of Combination Therapy With The JAK Inhibitor Baricitinib In The Treatment of COVID-19</strong> - CONCLUSIONS: These findings support the utility of immunosuppression via JAK inhibition in moderate to severe COVID-19 pneumonia.</p></li>
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||
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Social network-based cohorting to reduce the spread of SARS-CoV-2 in secondary schools: A simulation study in classrooms of four European countries</strong> - BACKGROUND: Operating schools safely under pandemic conditions is a widespread policy goal. We analyse the effectiveness of classroom cohorting, i.e., the decomposition of classrooms into smaller isolated units, in inhibiting the spread of SARS-CoV-2 in European secondary schools and compare different cohorting strategies.</p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Telaprevir is a potential drug for repurposing against SARS-CoV-2: computational and in vitro studies</strong> - Drug repurposing is an important approach to the assignment of already approved drugs for new indications. This technique bypasses some steps in the traditional drug approval system, which saves time and lives in the case of pandemics. Direct acting antivirals (DAAs) have repeatedly repurposed from treating one virus to another. In this study, 16 FDA-approved hepatitis C virus (HCV) DAA drugs were studied to explore their activities against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2…</p></li>
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||
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Endocytosis of abiotic nanomaterials and nanobiovectors: Inhibition of membrane trafficking</strong> - Humans are exposed to nanoscopical nanobiovectors (e.g. coronavirus SARS-CoV-2) as well as abiotic metal/carbon-based nanomaterials that enter cells serendipitously or intentionally. Understanding the interactions of cell membranes with these abiotic and biotic nanostructures will facilitate scientists to design better functional nanomaterials for biomedical applications. Such knowledge will also provide important clues for the control of viral infections and the treatment of virus-induced…</p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Polymeric Materials as Potential Inhibitors Against SARS-CoV-2</strong> - Recently discovered SARS-CoV-2 caused a pandemic that triggered researchers worldwide to focus their research on all aspects of this new peril to humanity. However, in the absence of specific therapeutic intervention, some preventive strategies and supportive treatment minimize the viral transmission as studied by some factors such as basic reproduction number, case fatality rate, and incubation period in the epidemiology of viral diseases. This review briefly discusses coronaviruses’ life cycle…</p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Asunaprevir, a Potent Hepatitis C Virus Protease Inhibitor, Blocks SARS-CoV-2 Propagation</strong> - The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has become a global health concern. Various SARS-CoV-2 vaccines have been developed and are being used for vaccination worldwide. However, no therapeutic agents against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have been developed so far; therefore, new therapeutic agents are urgently needed. In the present study, we evaluated several hepatitis C virus direct-acting antivirals as potential candidates for drug repurposing against…</p></li>
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||
</ul>
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<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-patent-search">From Patent Search</h1>
|
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<ul>
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<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>MACHINE LEARNING TECHNIQUE TO ANALYSE THE CONDITION OF COVID-19 PATIENTS BASED ON THEIR SATURATION LEVELS</strong> - - <a href="https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=AU335054861">link</a></p></li>
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<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A HERB BASED COMPOSITION ANTI VIRAL MEDICINE FOR TREATMENT OF SARS COV 2 AND A METHOD FOR TREATING A PERSON INFECTED BY THE SARS COV 2 VIRUS</strong> - A Herbal composition, viz., PONNU MARUNTHU essentially comprising of ALLUIUM CEPA extract. [concentrated to 30%] 75%, SAPINDUS MUKOROSSI - extract [Optimised] 10%, CITRUS X LIMON - extract in its natural form 05 TRACYSPERMUM AMMI (L) – extract 07%,ROSA HYBRIDA - extract 03%, PONNU MARUNTHU solution 50 ml, or as a capsulated PONNU MARUNTHU can be given to SARS cov2 positive Patients, three times a day that is ½ an hour before food; continued for 3 days to 5 days and further taking it for 2 days if need be there; It will completely cure a person. When the SARS cov2 test shows negative this medicine can be discontinued. This indigenous medicine and method for treating a person inflicted with SARS COV 2 viral infection is quite effective in achieving of much needed remedy for the patients and saving precious lives from the pangs of death and ensuring better health of people. - <a href="https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=IN334865051">link</a></p></li>
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||
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Anti-Sars-Cov-2 Neutralizing Antibodies</strong> - - <a href="https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=AU333857732">link</a></p></li>
|
||
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Expression Vector for Anti-Sars-Cov-2 Neutralizing Antibodies</strong> - - <a href="https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=AU333857737">link</a></p></li>
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||
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>DEVELOPMENT OF CNN SCHEME FOR COVID-19 DISEASE DETECTION USING CHEST RADIOGRAPH</strong> - - <a href="https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=AU333857177">link</a></p></li>
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<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>一种检测新型冠状病毒的引物探针组合及其应用</strong> - 本发明提供了一种检测新型冠状病毒的引物探针组合及其应用，所述检测新型冠状病毒的引物探针组合包括特异性扩增并检测2019‑nCoV的ORF1ab基因、核壳蛋白N基因和刺突蛋白S基因N501Y突变位点的特异性引物对和探针。本发明还提供了一种检测新型冠状病毒的试剂盒及其以非疾病诊断和/或治疗为目的的使用方法。本发明所述检测新型冠状病毒的引物探针组合具有良好的特异性与灵敏度，配合优化后的检测体系，可以对待测样本进行快速准确的检测，并可以对整个实验流程进行监控，降低假阳性以及假阴性检测结果的出现概率，具有重要的意义。 - <a href="https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=CN335430482">link</a></p></li>
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<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>SARS-COV-2 BINDING PROTEINS</strong> - - <a href="https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=AU333402004">link</a></p></li>
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<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>COVID-19胸部CT图像识别方法、装置及电子设备</strong> - 本申请涉及一种COVID‑19胸部CT图像识别方法、装置及电子设备。所述方法获取COVID‑19的胸部CT图像，并针对胸部CT图像的特点，构建新冠肺炎CT识别网络，对该网络进行训练得到COVID‑19胸部CT图像识别模型，并利用该模型对待测CT图像进行分类。采用空洞卷积、深度卷积以及点卷积算子，减少冗余参数；采用并行结构连接方式，实现多尺度特征融合、降低模型复杂度；采用下采样方式，使用最大模糊池化以减少锯齿效应，保持信号的平移不变性；采用通道混洗操作，减少参数量与计算量，提高分类准确率，引入坐标注意力机制，使空间坐标信息与通道信息被关注，抑制不重要的信息，以解决资源匹配问题。 - <a href="https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=CN335069870">link</a></p></li>
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<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A PROCESS FOR PREPARING MONTELUKAST SODIUM FOR TREATING COVID 19 PATIENTS</strong> - - <a href="https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=AU333857132">link</a></p></li>
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<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>IDENTIFICATION OF ANTI-COVID 19 AGENT SOMNIFERINE AS INHIBITOR OF MPRO & ACE2-RBD INTERACTION</strong> - - <a href="https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=AU333857079">link</a></p></li>
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</ul>
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