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<title>04 December, 2022</title>
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<title>Covid-19 Sentry</title><meta content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" name="viewport"/><link href="styles/simple.css" rel="stylesheet"/><link href="../styles/simple.css" rel="stylesheet"/><link href="https://unpkg.com/aos@2.3.1/dist/aos.css" rel="stylesheet"/><script src="https://unpkg.com/aos@2.3.1/dist/aos.js"></script></head>
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<h1 data-aos="fade-down" id="covid-19-sentry">Covid-19 Sentry</h1>
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<h1 data-aos="fade-right" data-aos-anchor-placement="top-bottom" id="contents">Contents</h1>
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<ul>
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<li><a href="#from-preprints">From Preprints</a></li>
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<li><a href="#from-clinical-trials">From Clinical Trials</a></li>
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<li><a href="#from-pubmed">From PubMed</a></li>
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<li><a href="#from-patent-search">From Patent Search</a></li>
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<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-preprints">From Preprints</h1>
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<li><strong>Analysis of the ARTIC V4 and V4.1 SARS-CoV-2 primers and their impact on the detection of Omicron BA.1 and BA.2 lineage defining mutations</strong> -
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<div>
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The ARTIC protocol uses a multiplexed PCR approach with two primer pools tiling the entire SARS-CoV-2 genome. Primer pool updates are necessary for accurate amplicon sequencing of evolving SARS-CoV-2 variants with novel mutations. The suitability of the ARTIC V4 and updated V4.1 primer scheme was assessed using whole genome sequencing of Omicron from clinical samples using Oxford Nanopore Technology. Analysis of Omicron BA.1 genomes revealed that 93.22% of clinical samples generated improved genome coverage at 50x read depth with V4.1 primers when compared to V4 primers. Additionally, the V4.1 primers improved coverage of BA.1 across amplicons 76 and 88, which resulted in the detection of the variant defining mutations G22898A, A26530G and C26577G. The Omicron BA.2 sub-variant (VUI-22JAN-01) replaced BA.1 as the dominant variant by March 2022, and analysis of 168 clinical samples showed reduced coverage across amplicons 15 and 75. Upon further interrogation of primer binding sites, a mutation at C4321T (present in 163/168, 97% of 30 samples) was identified as a possible cause of complete dropout of amplicon 15. Furthermore, two mutations were identified within the primer binding regions for amplicon 75: A22786C (present in 90% of samples) and C22792T (present in 12.5% of samples). Together, these mutations may result in reduced coverage of amplicon 75 and further primer updates would allow the identification of the two BA.2 defining mutations present in amplicon 75; A22688G and T22679C. This work highlights the need for ongoing surveillance of primer matches as circulating variants evolve and change.
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</p>
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</div>
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<div class="article-link article-html-link">
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.01.22282842v1" target="_blank">Analysis of the ARTIC V4 and V4.1 SARS-CoV-2 primers and their impact on the detection of Omicron BA.1 and BA.2 lineage defining mutations</a>
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</div></li>
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<li><strong>Protection of hybrid immunity against SARS-CoV-2 reinfection and severe COVID-19 during periods of Omicron variant predominance in Mexico</strong> -
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<div>
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
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BACKGROUND: With widespread transmission of the Omicron SARS-CoV-2 variant, reinfections have become increasingly common. Here, we explored the role hybrid immunity, primary infection severity, and variant predominance on the risk of reinfection and severe COVID-19 during periods of Omicron predominance in Mexico. METHODS: We analyzed reinfections in Mexico in individuals with ≥90 days from a previous primary infection using a national surveillance registry of SARS-CoV-2 cases from March 3rd, 2020, until August 13th, 2022. Immunity-generating events included primary infection, partial or full vaccination and vaccine boosting. Reinfections were matched by age and sex with controls with primary SARS-CoV-2 infection and negative RT-PCR or antigen test ≥90 days after infection to explore risk factors for reinfection and reinfection-associated severe COVID-19. We also explored the protective role of heterologous vs. homologous vaccine boosters against reinfection or severe COVID-19 in fully vaccinated individuals. RESULTS: We detected 231,202 SARS-CoV-2 reinfections in Mexico, with most occurring in unvaccinated individuals (41.55%). Over 207,623 reinfections occurred during periods of Omicron (89.8%), BA.1 (36.74%) and BA.5 (33.67%) subvariant predominance and a case-fatality rate of 0.22%. Vaccination protected against reinfection, without significant influence of the order of immunity-generating events and provided >90% protection against severe reinfections. Heterologous booster schedules were associated with ~11% and ~54% lower risk for reinfection and reinfection-associated severe COVID-19 respectively, modified by time-elapsed since the last immunity-generating event. CONCLUSIONS: SARS-CoV-2 reinfections have increased during periods of Omicron predominance. Hybrid immunity provides protection against reinfection and reinfection-associated severe COVID-19, with potential benefit from heterologous booster schemes.
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</p>
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</div>
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<div class="article-link article-html-link">
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.02.22282981v1" target="_blank">Protection of hybrid immunity against SARS-CoV-2 reinfection and severe COVID-19 during periods of Omicron variant predominance in Mexico</a>
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</div></li>
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<li><strong>Associations between area-level health-related social factor indices and risk of acute COVID-19: An EHR-based cohort study from the RECOVER program</strong> -
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<div>
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
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Background: Research demonstrates that SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19) among adults disproportionately impacts racial and ethnic minorities and those living in lower-income communities. Similar research in children is limited due, in part, to the relatively low incidence in children compared to adults. This analysis, conducted as part of the RECOVER Initiative, explores this question. Methods: Electronic health record (EHR) data from PEDSnet, a multi-institutional research network of pediatric healthcare organizations, were geocoded and linked to two indices of contextual social deprivation: the Area Deprivation Index and the Child Opportunity Index. Univariate statistics were employed to test the association between each index and COVID19 positivity among children ages 0-20 tested at one of six Childrens hospitals. Multivariate logistic regression was used to explore the relationship between these social context indices and racial disparities in positivity, controlling co-variates. Results: Both ADI and COI were significantly associated with COVID-19 positivity in univariate and adjusted models, particularly in the pre-delta and delta variant waves. ADI showed a stronger association. Higher rates of positivity were found for non-Hispanic Black, Hispanic, and multi-racial children compared to non-Hispanic White children. These racial disparities remained significant after control for either index and other variables. Conclusion: ADI and COI are significantly associated with COVID-19 test positivity in a population of children and adolescents tested in childrens hospital settings. These social contextual variables do not fully explain racial disparities arguing that racial disparities are not solely a reflection of socioeconomic status. Future disparities research should consider both race and social context.
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</p>
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</div>
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<div class="article-link article-html-link">
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.02.22282944v1" target="_blank">Associations between area-level health-related social factor indices and risk of acute COVID-19: An EHR-based cohort study from the RECOVER program</a>
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</div></li>
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<li><strong>Battle of Polio eradication in the Western Pacific Region in the transition to COVID-19 endemicity</strong> -
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<div>
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
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The Polio eradication campaign has been set back substantially since 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Recent detections of poliovirus transmission in multiple high-income countries suggest suboptimal population immunity in many parts of the world even though polio vaccination has been included in routine childhood immunization for decades. We reviewed polio vaccination schedules and vaccine uptake in the Western Pacific Region countries and assessed the potential shortfall in population immunity against polio resurgence across these populations. In addition, we conducted a repeated cross-sectional study between 2021 and 2022 in the Western Pacific Region to understand factors contributing to polio vaccine hesitancy. Our results reveal potential shortfalls in population immunity against polio in Western Pacific Region and provide insights into how vaccination programs and campaigns can be strengthened to ensure continual progress towards polio eradication.
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</p>
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</div>
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<div class="article-link article-html-link">
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.30.22282954v1" target="_blank">Battle of Polio eradication in the Western Pacific Region in the transition to COVID-19 endemicity</a>
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</div></li>
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<li><strong>Evaluating the use of social contact data to produce age-specific forecasts of SARS-CoV-2 incidence</strong> -
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<div>
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
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Short-term forecasts can provide predictions of how an epidemic will change in the near future and form a central part of outbreak mitigation and control. Renewal-equation based models are increasingly popular. They infer key epidemiological parameters from historical epidemiological data and forecast future epidemic dynamics without requiring complex mechanistic assumptions. However, these models typically ignore interaction between age-groups, partly due to challenges in parameterising a time varying interaction matrix. Social contact data collected regularly by the CoMix survey during the COVID-19 epidemic in England, provide a means to inform interaction between age-groups in real-time. We developed an age-specific forecasting framework and applied it to two age-stratified time-series: incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection, estimated from a national infection and antibody prevalence survey; and, reported cases according to the UK national COVID-19 dashboard. Jointly fitting our model to social contact data from the CoMix study, we inferred a time-varying next generation matrix which we used to project infections and cases in the four weeks following each of 29 forecast dates between October 2021 and November 2022. We evaluated the forecasts using proper scoring rules and compared performance with three other models with alternative data and specifications alongside two naive baseline models. Overall, incorporating age-interaction improved forecasts of infections and the CoMix-data-informed model was the best performing model at time horizons between two and four weeks. However, this was not true when forecasting cases. We found that age-group-interaction was most important for predicting cases in children and older adults. The contact-data-informed models performed best during the winter months of 2020 - 2021, but performed comparatively poorly in other periods. We highlight challenges regarding the incorporation of contact data in forecasting and offer proposals as to how to extend and adapt our approach, which may lead to more successful forecasts in future.
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</p>
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</div>
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<div class="article-link article-html-link">
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.02.22282935v1" target="_blank">Evaluating the use of social contact data to produce age-specific forecasts of SARS-CoV-2 incidence</a>
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</div></li>
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<li><strong>Mice Humanized for Major Histocompatibility Complex and Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 with High Permissiveness to SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Replication</strong> -
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<div>
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Human Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (hACE2) is the major receptor enabling host cell invasion by SARS-CoV-2 via interaction with Spike glycoprotein. The murine ACE2 ortholog does not interact efficiently with SARS-CoV-2 Spike and therefore the conventional laboratory mouse strains are not permissive to SARS-CoV-2 replication. Here, we generated new hACE2 transgenic mice, which harbor the hACE2 gene under the human keratin 18 promoter, in C57BL/6 HHD-DR1 background. HHD-DR1 mice are fully devoid of murine Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) molecules of class-I and -II and express only MHC molecules from Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) HLA 02.01, DRA01.01, DRB1.01.01 alleles, widely expressed in human Caucasian populations. We selected three transgenic strains, with various hACE2 mRNA expression levels and distinctive profiles of lung and/or brain permissiveness to SARS-CoV-2 replication. Compared to the previously available B6.K18-ACE22Prlmn/JAX mice, which have limited permissiveness to SARS-CoV-2 Omicron replication, these three new hACE2 transgenic strains display higher levels of hACE2 mRNA expression, associated with high permissiveness to the replication of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron sub-variants. As a first application, one of these MHC- and ACE2-humanized strains was successfully used to show the efficacy of a lentiviral vector-based COVID-19 vaccine candidate.
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</div>
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<div class="article-link article-html-link">
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.01.518541v1" target="_blank">Mice Humanized for Major Histocompatibility Complex and Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 with High Permissiveness to SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Replication</a>
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</div></li>
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<li><strong>Predicting Immune Escape with Pretrained Protein Language Model Embeddings</strong> -
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<div>
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Assessing the severity of new pathogenic variants requires an understanding of which mutations enable escape of the human immune response. Even single point mutations to an antigen can cause immune escape and infection by disrupting antibody binding. Recent work has modeled the effect of single point mutations on proteins by leveraging the information contained in large-scale, pretrained protein language models (PLMs). PLMs are often applied in a zero-shot setting, where the effect of each mutation is predicted based on the output of the language model with no additional training. However, this approach cannot appropriately model immune escape, which involves the interaction of two proteins–antibody and antigen–instead of one protein and requires making different predictions for the same antigenic mutation in response to different antibodies. Here, we explore several methods for predicting immune escape by building models on top of embeddings from PLMs. We evaluate our methods on a SARS-CoV-2 deep mutational scanning dataset and show that our embedding-based methods significantly outperform zero-shot methods, which have almost no predictive power. We also highlight insights gained into how best to use embeddings from PLMs to predict escape. Despite these promising results, simple statistical and machine learning baseline models that do not use pretraining perform comparably, showing that computationally expensive pretraining approaches may not be beneficial for escape prediction. Furthermore, all models perform relatively poorly, indicating that future work is necessary to improve escape prediction with or without pretrained embeddings.
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</div>
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<div class="article-link article-html-link">
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.30.518466v1" target="_blank">Predicting Immune Escape with Pretrained Protein Language Model Embeddings</a>
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</div></li>
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<li><strong>COVID-19 and friendships: Agreeableness and neuroticism predict being more concerned about COVID-19 and bothered by friends’ risky behavior</strong> -
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<div>
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Given the importance of friendships during challenging times and the mixed associations reported between personality traits and disease-related behaviors, we investigated the influence of personality traits on friendships during the COVID-19 pandemic and how both influenced risky behaviors. In November 2020, we asked participants about their reactions to friends’ behavior as part of a larger study. We found that agreeableness and neuroticism predicted participants being more concerned about COVID-19 and bothered by friends’ risky behavior, and extraversion predicted enjoying helping friends during the pandemic. Our results suggest that personality influences how individuals cope with their friends’ risky behaviors.
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</div>
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<div class="article-link article-html-link">
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://psyarxiv.com/qkp8b/" target="_blank">COVID-19 and friendships: Agreeableness and neuroticism predict being more concerned about COVID-19 and bothered by friends’ risky behavior</a>
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</div></li>
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<li><strong>Gut microbiota dysbiosis is associated with altered tryptophan metabolism and dysregulated inflammatory response in severe COVID-19</strong> -
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<div>
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The clinical course of the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is variable and to a substantial degree still unpredictable, especially in persons who have neither been vaccinated nor recovered from previous infection. We hypothesized that disease progression and inflammatory responses were associated with alterations in the microbiome and metabolome. To test this, we integrated metagenome, metabolome, cytokine, and transcriptome profiles of longitudinally collected samples from hospitalized COVID-19 patients at the beginning of the pandemic (before vaccines or variants of concern) and non-infected controls, and leveraged detailed clinical information and post-hoc confounder analysis to identify robust within- and cross-omics associations. Severe COVID-19 was directly associated with a depletion of potentially beneficial intestinal microbes mainly belonging to Clostridiales, whereas oropharyngeal microbiota disturbance appeared to be mainly driven by antibiotic use. COVID-19 severity was also associated with enhanced plasma concentrations of kynurenine, and reduced levels of various other tryptophan metabolites, lysophosphatidylcholines, and secondary bile acids. Decreased abundance of Clostridiales potentially mediated the observed reduction in 5-hydroxytryptophan levels. Moreover, altered plasma levels of various tryptophan metabolites and lower abundances of Clostridiales explained significant increases in the production of IL-6, IFN{gamma} and/or TNF. Collectively, our study identifies correlated microbiome and metabolome alterations as a potential contributor to inflammatory dysregulation in severe COVID-19.
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</div>
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<div class="article-link article-html-link">
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.02.518860v1" target="_blank">Gut microbiota dysbiosis is associated with altered tryptophan metabolism and dysregulated inflammatory response in severe COVID-19</a>
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</div></li>
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<li><strong>Potent Immunogenicity and Broad-Spectrum Protection Potential of Microneedle Array Patch-Based COVID-19 DNA Vaccine Candidates Encoding Dimeric RBD Chimera of SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 Variants</strong> -
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<div>
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Breakthrough infections by SARS-CoV-2 variants pose a global challenge to pandemic control, and the development of more effective vaccines of broad- spectrum protection is needed. In this study, we constructed pVAX1-based plasmids encoding heterodimeric receptor-binding domain (RBD) chimera of SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.1 (RBDSARS/BA1), SARS-CoV and SARS- CoV-2 Beta (RBDSARS/Beta), or Omicron BA.1 and Beta (RBDBA1/Beta) in secreted form. When i.m. injected in mice, RBDSARS/BA1 and RBDSARS/Beta encoding plasmids (pAD1002 and pAD131, respectively) were by far more immunogenic than RBDBA1/Beta plasmid (pAD1003). Dissolvable microneedle array patches (MAP) laden with these DNA plasmids were fabricated. All 3 resulting MAP-based vaccine candidates, namely MAP-1002, MAP1003 and MAP-131, were comparable to i.m. inoculated plasmids with electroporation assistance in eliciting strong and durable IgG responses in BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice as well as rabbits, while MAP-1002 was comparatively the most immunogenic. More importantly, MAP-1002 significantly outperformed inactivated SARS-CoV-2 virus vaccine in inducing RBD-specific IFN-g+ T cells. Moreover, MAP-1002 antisera effectively neutralized pseudo- viruses displaying spike proteins of SARS-CoV, prototype SARS-CoV-2 or Beta, Delta, Omicron BA1, BA2 and BA4/5 variants. Collectively, MAP-based DNA constructs encoding chimeric RBDs of SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 variants, as represented by MAP-1002, are potential COVID-19 vaccine candidates worthy further translational study.
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</div>
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<div class="article-link article-html-link">
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.01.518127v1" target="_blank">Potent Immunogenicity and Broad-Spectrum Protection Potential of Microneedle Array Patch-Based COVID-19 DNA Vaccine Candidates Encoding Dimeric RBD Chimera of SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 Variants</a>
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</div></li>
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<li><strong>Are remote mental healthcare interventions cost-effective? A systematic review of economic evaluations of remote mental healthcare</strong> -
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Background Remote interventions known as telemental health care increased in use due to the COVID-19 pandemic when social distancing requirements were in place. Whilst there is some evidence regarding the cost-effectiveness of telemental health prior to the pandemic, there is a need for further evaluation due to the increase in remote care. Aims To systematically review the literature to explore whether remote mental health care interventions are cost-effective in terms of incremental cost per quality adjusted life year and in relation to condition specific outcomes compared to usual care or an alternative intervention. Method A multilayer search strategy was conducted to build on the searches of a previous systematic review, as well as including grey literature and economic models. Six databases (PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Central, PsychINFO, CINAHL, and EconLit) were searched for literature relating to the cost effectiveness of telemental health. Quality appraisal was conducted for all included studies, and findings were synthesised using narrative synthesis. Results 7386 studies were identified of which 59 met our inclusion criteria and were included in the synthesis of findings. 45 studies were rated as very good or excellent quality. Of the 59 included studies, 40 indicated that the telemental health intervention was cost-effective, whilst a further 16 suggested the intervention had potential to be cost-effective, but there was some uncertainty in the findings. Three studies reported that the intervention was not cost-effective. Conclusions This evidence will be used to inform practice in the UK as we respond to and recover from the COVID-19 pandemic.
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.01.22282817v1" target="_blank">Are remote mental healthcare interventions cost-effective? A systematic review of economic evaluations of remote mental healthcare</a>
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<li><strong>The Detection of COVID-19 in Chest X-Rays Using Ensemble CNN Techniques</strong> -
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Advances in the field of image classification using convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have greatly improved the accuracy of medical image diagnosis by radiologists. Numerous research groups have applied CNN methods to diagnose respiratory illnesses from chest x-rays, and have extended this work to prove the feasibility of rapidly diagnosing COVID-19 to high degrees of accuracy. One issue in previous research has been the use of datasets containing only a few hundred images of chest x-rays containing COVID-19, causing CNNs to overfit the image data. This leads to a lower accuracy when the model attempts to classify new images, as would be clinically expected of it. In this work, we present a model trained on the COVID-QU-Ex dataset, overall containing 33,920 chest x-ray images, with an equal share of COVID-19, Non-COVID pneumonia, and Normal images. The model itself is an ensemble of pre-trained CNNs (ResNet50, VGG19, VGG16) and GLCM textural features. It achieved a 98.34% binary classification accuracy (COVID-19/no COVID-19) on a balanced test dataset of 6581 chest x-rays, and 94.68% for distinguishing between COVID-19, Non-COVID pneumonia and normal chest x-rays. Also, we herein discuss the effects of dataset size, demonstrating that a 98.82% 3-class accuracy can be achieved using the model if the training dataset only contains a few thousand images, but that generalisability of the model suffers with such small datasets.
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</p>
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.29.22282856v2" target="_blank">The Detection of COVID-19 in Chest X-Rays Using Ensemble CNN Techniques</a>
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</div></li>
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<li><strong>Investigating orthographic versus auditory cross-situational word learning with online and lab-based research</strong> -
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In recent years, cross-situational word learning (CSWL) paradigms have shown that novel words can be learned through implicit statistical learning. So far, CSWL studies using adult populations have focused on the presentation of spoken words (auditory information), however, words can also be learned through their written form (orthographic information). This study compares auditory and orthographic presentation of novel words with different degrees of phonological overlap using the CSWL paradigm. Additionally, we also present a lab-based and online-based approach to testing behavioural experiments. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, lab testing was prematurely terminated, and testing was continued online using a newly created online testing protocol. Analyses first compared accuracy and response times across modalities, with our findings showing better and faster recognition performance for CSWL when novel words are presented through their written (orthographic condition) than through their spoken forms (auditory condition). As well, Bayesian modelling found that accuracy for the auditory condition was higher online compared to the lab-based experiment, whereas performance in the orthography condition was high in both experiments and generally outperformed the auditory condition. We discuss the implications of our findings for modality of presentation, as well as the benefits of our online testing protocol and its implementation for future research.
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://psyarxiv.com/tpn5e/" target="_blank">Investigating orthographic versus auditory cross-situational word learning with online and lab-based research</a>
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<li><strong>Viral burdens are associated with age and viral variant in a population-representative study of SARS-CoV-2 that accounts for time-since-infection related sampling bias.</strong> -
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In this study, we evaluated the impact of viral variant, in addition to other variables, on within-host viral burdens, by analysing cycle threshold (Ct) values derived from nose and throat swabs, collected as part of the UK COVID-19 Infection Survey. Because viral burden distributions determined from community survey data can be biased due to the impact of variant epidemiology on the time-since-infection of samples, we developed a method to explicitly adjust observed Ct value distributions to account for the expected bias. Analysing the adjusted Ct values using partial least squares regression, we found that among unvaccinated individuals with no known prior infection, the average Ct value was 0.94 lower among Alpha variant infections, compared those with the predecessor strain, B.1.177. However, among vaccinated individuals, it was 0.34 lower among Delta variant infections, compared to those with the Alpha variant. In addition, the average Ct value decreased by 0.20 for every 10 year age increment of the infected individual. In summary, within-host viral burdens are associated with age, in addition to the interplay of vaccination status and viral variant.
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.02.518847v1" target="_blank">Viral burdens are associated with age and viral variant in a population-representative study of SARS-CoV-2 that accounts for time-since-infection related sampling bias.</a>
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<li><strong>SARS-CoV-2 Antibody response to the Sputnik Vaccine in previous infected Patients and non-infected one</strong> -
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The begging of 2020 saw the development and trials of vaccines against Covid-19 at an unprecedented pace. The first half of 2021 has seen vaccine rollout in many countries, on the other hand, Immunity to covid-19 has exhibited to minimize the risk of having a severe infection and initiate an excellent degree against the disease. This study compares Anti-Spike IgG antibodies among vaccinated people with or without previous exposure to the coronavirus. To determine whether a single dose of sputnik V can produce significant antibody titer amongst previously infected cases and design vaccine dosage regimens accordingly. This study was performed at the Libyan biotechnology research Centre from August 2021 to December 2021. Blood samples were collected from 1811 adult males and females vaccinated with and without a history of exposure to covid-19. Previously infected individuals9 record was noted separately. Samples were immediately analyzed by Beckman Unicel Dxl 600, Access immunoassay system. Data were analyzed using GraphPad Prism 9 Software. A P-value >0.5 was not significant. The Majority of candidates 60% of the total samples were males and on analysis, it was found that 72% of patients were seropositive, on the other hand, individuals who were vaccinated and have naive antibodies from the previous infection showed slightly higher immunological response rather than vaccinated patients without previous infected and this finding can help the policymakers to design a single-dose vaccine regimen for the former category. Keywords: Sputnik V, COVID-19, Antibody, Vaccine.
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</p>
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</div>
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<div class="article-link article-html-link">
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.30.22282668v1" target="_blank">SARS-CoV-2 Antibody response to the Sputnik Vaccine in previous infected Patients and non-infected one</a>
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</div></li>
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</ul>
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<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-clinical-trials">From Clinical Trials</h1>
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<ul>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Pilot Clinical Trial to Explore Efficacy and Safety of Pyramax in Mild to Moderate COVID-19 Patients</strong> - <b>Condition</b>: COVID-19<br/><b>Intervention</b>: Drug: Pyramax<br/><b>Sponsor</b>: Shin Poong Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd.<br/><b>Completed</b></p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Animation Supported COVID-19 Education</strong> - <b>Condition</b>: COVID-19 Pandemic<br/><b>Intervention</b>: Other: Animation-Supported Education<br/><b>Sponsor</b>: Siirt University<br/><b>Completed</b></p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>CareSuperb COVID-19 Antigen Test Usability</strong> - <b>Condition</b>: COVID-19<br/><b>Intervention</b>: Device: CareSuperb COVID-19 Antigen Home Test Kit<br/><b>Sponsor</b>: AccessBio, Inc.<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Feasibility and Usability of COVID-19 Antigen RDTs in Uganda</strong> - <b>Condition</b>: COVID-19 Pandemic<br/><b>Interventions</b>: Diagnostic Test: PMC Sure Status COVID-19 Antigen Test; Diagnostic Test: Acon Flowflex COVID-19 Antigen Home Test<br/><b>Sponsor</b>: PATH<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
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||
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>SUNRISE-3: Efficacy and Safety of Bemnifosbuvir in High-Risk Outpatients With COVID-19</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>: SARS CoV 2 Infection; COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>: Drug: Bemnifosbuvir (BEM); Drug: Placebo<br/><b>Sponsor</b>: Atea Pharmaceuticals, Inc.<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
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||
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>The Roles of Vitamin D and Microbiome in Children With Post-acute COVID-19 Syndromes (PACS) and Long COVID</strong> - <b>Condition</b>: Post-acute COVID-19 Syndromes<br/><b>Interventions</b>: Other: Vitamin D; Other: Placebo<br/><b>Sponsor</b>: China Medical University Hospital<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
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||
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A Study to Learn About Bivalent COVID-19 RNA Vaccine Candidate(s) in Healthy Infants and Children</strong> - <b>Condition</b>: COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>: Biological: Bivalent BNT162b2 (original/Omicron BA.4/BA.5) 3 microgram dose; Biological: Bivalent BNT162b2 (original/Omicron BA.4/BA.5) 6 microgram dose; Biological: Bivalent BNT162b2 (original/Omicron BA.4/BA.5) 10 microgram dose; Biological: Bivalent BNT162b2 (original/Omicron BA.4/BA.5) 1 microgram dose<br/><b>Sponsors</b>: BioNTech SE; Pfizer<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
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||
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Evaluation of an Integrative Medicine Outpatient Clinical Setting for Post-COVID-19 Patients</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>: COVID-19; Fatigue<br/><b>Interventions</b>: Behavioral: outpatient clinic with multimodal integrative medicine and naturopathy for post-COVID-19 patients; Other: waiting group<br/><b>Sponsor</b>: Universität Duisburg-Essen<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
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||
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Clinical Evaluation of the Panbio™ COVID-19/Flu A&B Rapid Panel Professional Use Product Using Mid-Turbinate Nasal Swabs</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>: COVID-19; Influenza A; Influenza Type B<br/><b>Intervention</b>: Diagnostic Test: Panbio™<br/><b>Sponsor</b>: Abbott Rapid Dx<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
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||
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Efficacy of a Physical and Respiratory Rehabilitation Program for Patients With Persistent COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2).</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>: SARS-CoV-2 Infection; COVID-19 Recurrent; Cognitive Dysfunction; Fatigue<br/><b>Intervention</b>: Other: COPERIA-REHAB<br/><b>Sponsors</b>: Fundacin Biomedica Galicia Sur; University of Vigo; Galician South Health Research Institute<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
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||
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Azvudine in Preventing SARS-Cov-2 Infection in Household Contacts of Covid-19</strong> - <b>Condition</b>: SARS-CoV-2 Infection<br/><b>Interventions</b>: Drug: Azvudine; Drug: Placebo<br/><b>Sponsors</b>: Shanghai Henlius Biotech; Shanghai Fosun Pharmaceutical Industrial Development Co. Ltd.; HeNan Sincere Biotech Co., Ltd<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
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||
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Randomised Clinical Trial to Evaluate the Efficacy of an Online Cognitive Rehabilitation Programme (COPERIA-COG) for Patients With Persistent COVID-19</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>: COVID-19; Neuro-Degenerative Disease; Psychological; SARS CoV 2 Infection<br/><b>Intervention</b>: Other: Sessions of cognitive stimulation<br/><b>Sponsors</b>: Fundacin Biomedica Galicia Sur; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental; Galician South Health Research Institute<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
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||
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>VNS for Long-COVID-19</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>: Post-COVID-19 Syndrome; Postural Tachycardia Syndrome; Dysautonomia<br/><b>Interventions</b>: Device: Non-invasive vagus nerve stimulation; Device: Sham Intervention<br/><b>Sponsor</b>: Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
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||
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Differential Diagnosis of Persistent COVID-19 by Artificial Intelligence</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>: COVID-19; Fatigue; Distress Respiratory Syndrome; Cognitive Dysfunction; COVID-19 Recurrent; SARS CoV 2 Infection<br/><b>Intervention</b>: Other: Experimental tests<br/><b>Sponsors</b>: Fundacin Biomedica Galicia Sur; University of Vigo; Galician South Health Research Institute<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
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||
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Dietary Modulation of Gut Microbiota in Overweight/Obese Adolescents and COVID-19 Infection</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>: Health Behavior; Child Development; Adolescent Obesity<br/><b>Interventions</b>: Dietary Supplement: Probiotics; Behavioral: Counselling on healthy eating, physical activity, and psychosocial stimulation; Dietary Supplement: Placebo probiotics<br/><b>Sponsors</b>: Indonesia University; Gadjah Mada University; Universitas Airlangga; University of Melbourne; The Indonesia Endowment Funds for Education, Ministry of Finance Indonesia<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
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||
</ul>
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<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-pubmed">From PubMed</h1>
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<ul>
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||
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Agent-based model using GPS analysis for infection spread and inhibition mechanism of SARS-CoV-2 in Tokyo</strong> - No abstract</p></li>
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||
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Platelets in COVID-19 disease: friend, foe, or both?</strong> - No abstract</p></li>
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||
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Effect of colonisation with Neisseria lactamica on cross-reactive anti-meningococcal B-cell responses: a randomised, controlled, human infection trial</strong> - No abstract</p></li>
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||
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Functional proteomic profiling links deficient DNA clearance with increased mortality in individuals with severe COVID-19 pneumonia</strong> - No abstract</p></li>
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||
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Cholinergic dysfunction in COVID-19: frantic search and hoping for the best</strong> - No abstract</p></li>
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||
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Immune response and protective efficacy of the SARS-CoV-2 recombinant spike protein vaccine S-268019-b in mice</strong> - No abstract</p></li>
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||
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Evaluation of action of steroid molecules on SARS-CoV-2 by inhibiting NSP-15, an endoribonuclease</strong> - No abstract</p></li>
|
||
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Co-ultramicronized palmitoylethanolamide/luteolin normalizes GABA<sub>B</sub>-ergic activity and cortical plasticity in long COVID-19 syndrome</strong> - No abstract</p></li>
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||
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Ubiquitin specific peptidase 25 alleviates acute lung injury and suppresses the inflammatory response in lung epithelial cells</strong> - No abstract</p></li>
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||
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Combining Computational and Experimental Evidence on the Activity of Antimalarial Drugs on Papain-Like Protease of SARS-CoV-2: A Repurposing Study</strong> - No abstract</p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Paxlovid<sup>TM</sup> Information From FDA and Guidance for AES Members</strong> - No abstract</p></li>
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||
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Platelet in thrombo-inflammation: Unraveling new therapeutic targets</strong> - No abstract</p></li>
|
||
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Recombinant proteins of spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 with the Omicron receptor-binding domain induce production of highly Omicron-specific neutralizing antibodies</strong> - No abstract</p></li>
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||
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>B-cell lymphoma-2 family proteins-activated proteases as potential therapeutic targets for influenza A virus and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2: Killing two birds with one stone?</strong> - No abstract</p></li>
|
||
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Common and rare variant associations with clonal haematopoiesis phenotypes</strong> - No abstract</p></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
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<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-patent-search">From Patent Search</h1>
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