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192 lines
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<title>26 September, 2022</title>
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<title>Covid-19 Sentry</title><meta content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" name="viewport"/><link href="styles/simple.css" rel="stylesheet"/><link href="../styles/simple.css" rel="stylesheet"/><link href="https://unpkg.com/aos@2.3.1/dist/aos.css" rel="stylesheet"/><script src="https://unpkg.com/aos@2.3.1/dist/aos.js"></script></head>
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<h1 data-aos="fade-down" id="covid-19-sentry">Covid-19 Sentry</h1>
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<h1 data-aos="fade-right" data-aos-anchor-placement="top-bottom" id="contents">Contents</h1>
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<ul>
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<li><a href="#from-preprints">From Preprints</a></li>
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<li><a href="#from-clinical-trials">From Clinical Trials</a></li>
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<li><a href="#from-pubmed">From PubMed</a></li>
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<li><a href="#from-patent-search">From Patent Search</a></li>
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<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-preprints">From Preprints</h1>
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<li><strong>Pan-Canadian survey on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on cervical cancer screening and management</strong> -
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<div>
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
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Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has caused disruptions to cancer care by delaying diagnoses and treatment, presenting challenges and uncertainties for both patients and physicians. We conducted a nationwide online survey to investigate the effects of the pandemic and capture modifications, prompted by pandemic-related control measures, on cervical cancer screening-related activities from mid-March to mid-August 2020, across Canada. Methods: The survey consisted of 61 questions related to the continuum of care in cervical cancer screening and treatment: appointment scheduling, tests, colposcopy, follow-up, treatment of pre-cancerous lesions/cancer, and telemedicine. We piloted the survey with 21 Canadian experts in cervical cancer prevention and care. We partnered with the Society of Canadian Colposcopists, Society of Gynecologic Oncology of Canada, Canadian Association of Pathologists, and Society of Obstetricians and Gynecologists of Canada, which distributed the survey to their members via email. We reached out to family physicians and nurse practitioners via MDBriefCase. The survey was also posted on McGill Channels (Department of Family Medicine News and Events) and social media platforms. The data were analyzed descriptively. Results: Unique responses were collected from 510 participants (16 November 2020 - 28 February 2021), representing 418 fully- and 92 partially- completed surveys. Responses were from Ontario (41.0%), British Columbia (21.0%), and Alberta (12.8%), and mostly comprised family physicians/general practitioners (43.7%), and gynecologist/obstetrician professionals (21.6%). Cancelled screening appointments were mainly reported by family physicians/general practitioners (28.3%), followed by gynecologist/obstetrician professionals (19.8%), and primarily occurred in private clinics (30.5%). Decreases in the number of screening Pap tests and colposcopy procedures were consistently observed across Canadian provinces. About 90% reported that their practice/institution adopted telemedicine to communicate with patients. Conclusions: The area most severely impacted by the pandemic was appointment scheduling, with an important level of cancellations reported. Survey results may inform resumptions of various fronts in cervical cancer screening and management.
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<div class="article-link article-html-link">
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.23.22279458v1" target="_blank">Pan-Canadian survey on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on cervical cancer screening and management</a>
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</div></li>
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<li><strong>A machine learning approach identifies unresolving secondary pneumonia as a contributor to mortality in patients with severe pneumonia, including COVID-19</strong> -
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<div>
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
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Background: Patients with severe SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia experience longer durations of critical illness yet similar mortality rates compared to patients with severe pneumonia secondary to other etiologies. As secondary bacterial infection is common in SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia, we hypothesized that unresolving ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) drives the apparent disconnect between length-of-stay and mortality rate among these patients. Methods: We analyzed VAP in a prospective single-center observational study of 585 mechanically ventilated patients with suspected pneumonia, including 190 patients with severe SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia. We developed CarpeDiem, a novel machine learning approach based on the practice of daily ICU team rounds to identify clinical states for each of the 12,495 ICU patient-days in the cohort. We used the CarpeDiem approach to evaluate the effect of VAP and its resolution on clinical trajectories. Findings: Patients underwent a median [IQR] of 4 [2,7] transitions between 14 clinical states during their ICU stays. Clinical states were associated with differential hospital mortality. The long length-of-stay among patients with severe SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia was associated with prolonged stays in clinical states defined by severe respiratory failure and with a lower frequency of transitions between clinical states. In all patients, including those with COVID-19, unresolving VAP episodes were associated with transitions to unfavorable states and hospital mortality. Interpretation: CarpeDiem offers a machine learning approach to examine the effect of VAP on clinical outcomes. Our findings suggest an underappreciated contribution of unresolving secondary bacterial pneumonia to outcomes in mechanically ventilated patients with pneumonia, including due to SARS-CoV-2.
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</p>
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</div>
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<div class="article-link article-html-link">
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.23.22280118v1" target="_blank">A machine learning approach identifies unresolving secondary pneumonia as a contributor to mortality in patients with severe pneumonia, including COVID-19</a>
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</div></li>
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<li><strong>Healthcare system overstretch and in-hospital mortality of intubated COVID-19 patients in Greece: an updated analysis, September 2020 to April 2022</strong> -
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<div>
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
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Background: Our previous analysis showed how in-hospital mortality of intubated COVID-19 patients in Greece is adversely affected by patient load and regional disparities. We aimed to update this analysis to include the large “delta” and “omicron” waves that affected Greece during 2021-2022, while also considering the effect of vaccination. Methods: Anonymized surveillance data were analyzed from all COVID-19 patients in Greece intubated between 1 September 2020 and 4 April 2022, and followed up until 17 May 2022. Poisson regression was used to estimate the hazard of dying as a function of fixed and time-varying covariates. Results: Mortality was significantly higher above 400 patients, with an adjusted Hazard Ratio of 1.22, 95% CI: 1.09-1.38), rising progressively up to 1.48 (95% CI: 1.31-1.69) for 800+ patients. Hospitalization away from Attica region was also independently associated with increased mortality, as was hospitalization after 1 September 2021 (HR=1.21, 95% CI: 1.09-1.36). Vaccination did not affect the mortality of these already severely ill patients. Conclusion: Our results confirm that in-hospital mortality of severely ill COVID-19 patients is adversely affected by high patient load and regional disparities, and point to a further significant deterioration after 1 September especially away from Attica and Thessaloniki. This highlights the need for urgent strengthening of healthcare services in Greece, ensuring equitable and high-quality care for all.
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</p>
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</div>
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<div class="article-link article-html-link">
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.25.22280326v1" target="_blank">Healthcare system overstretch and in-hospital mortality of intubated COVID-19 patients in Greece: an updated analysis, September 2020 to April 2022</a>
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</div></li>
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<li><strong>The impact of COVID-19 vaccination in the US: averted burden of SARS-COV-2-related cases, hospitalizations and deaths</strong> -
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<div>
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
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By August 1, 2022, the SARS-CoV-2 virus had caused over 90 million cases of COVID-19 and one million deaths in the United States. Since December 2020, SARS-CoV-2 vaccines have been a key component of US pandemic response; however, the impacts of vaccination are not easily quantified. Here, we use a dynamic county-scale metapopulation model to estimate the number of cases, hospitalizations, and deaths averted due to vaccination during the first six months of vaccine availability. We estimate that COVID-19 vaccination was associated with over 8 million fewer confirmed cases, over 120 thousand fewer deaths, and 700 thousand fewer hospitalizations during the first six months of the campaign.
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</p>
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</div>
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<div class="article-link article-html-link">
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.23.22280281v1" target="_blank">The impact of COVID-19 vaccination in the US: averted burden of SARS-COV-2-related cases, hospitalizations and deaths</a>
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</div></li>
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<li><strong>Determinants of self-reported health status during COVID-19 lockdown among surveyed Ecuadorian population: a cross sectional study</strong> -
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Objective: To examine the associations of sociodemographic, socioeconomic, and behavioral factors with depression, anxiety, and self-reported health status during the COVID-19 lockdown in Ecuador. We also assessed the differences in these associations between women and men. Design, setting , and participants: We conducted a cross-sectional study of adults living in Ecuador between July and October 2020. All data were collected through an online survey. We ran descriptive and bivariate analyses and fitted sex-stratified multivariate logistic regression models to assess the association between explanatory variables and self-reported health status. Results: 1801 women and 1123 men completed the survey. Their median (IQR) age was 34 (27–44) years, most participants had a university education (84%) and a full-time public or private job (63%); 16% of participants had poor health self-perception. Poor self-perceived health was associated with severe depression, COVID-19 infection, and chronic diseases. For women, and self-employment, having cohabitants requiring care, having COVID-19 and having a chronic disease increased the likelihood of having poor self-reported health status. For men, poor self-reported health status was associated with perceived poor or inadequate housing and depression. Conclusion: Being female, having solely public healthcare system access, perceiving housing conditions as inadequate, living with cohabitants requiring care, perceiving difficulties in coping with work or managing household chores, COVID-19 infection, chronic disease, and depression symptoms were significantly and independently associated with poor self-reported health status in Ecuadorian population.
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</p>
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</div>
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<div class="article-link article-html-link">
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.23.22280279v1" target="_blank">Determinants of self-reported health status during COVID-19 lockdown among surveyed Ecuadorian population: a cross sectional study</a>
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</div></li>
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<li><strong>Dimethyl fumarate in patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19 (RECOVERY): a randomised, controlled, open-label, platform trial</strong> -
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<div>
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
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Background: Dimethyl fumarate (DMF) is an anti-inflammatory drug that has been proposed as a treatment for patients hospitalised with COVID-19. Methods: This randomised, controlled, open-label platform trial (Randomised Evaluation of COVID-19 Therapy [RECOVERY]), is assessing multiple possible treatments in patients hospitalised for COVID-19. In this initial assessment of DMF, performed at 27 UK hospitals, eligible and consenting adults were randomly allocated (1:1) to either usual standard of care alone or usual standard of care plus DMF 120mg twice daily for 2 days followed by 240mg twice daily for 8 days, or until discharge if sooner. The primary outcome was clinical status on day 5 measured on a seven-point ordinal scale, assessed using a proportional odds model. Secondary outcomes were time to sustained improvement in clinical status, time to discharge, day 5 peripheral blood oxygenation, day 5 C-reactive protein, and improvement in day 10 clinical status. The trial is registered with ISRCTN (50189673) and clinicaltrials.gov (NCT04381936). Findings: Between 2 March 2021 and 18 November 2021, 713 patients were enrolled in the DMF evaluation, of whom 356 were randomly allocated to receive usual care plus DMF, and 357 to usual care alone. 95% of patients were receiving corticosteroids as part of routine care. There was no evidence of a beneficial effect of DMF on clinical status at day 5 (common odds ratio of unfavourable outcome 1.12; 95% CI 0.85-1.46; p=0.42). There was no significant effect of DMF on any secondary outcome. As expected, DMF caused flushing and gastrointestinal symptoms, each in around 6% of patients, but no new adverse effects were identified. Interpretation: In adults hospitalised with COVID-19, DMF was not associated with an improvement in clinical outcomes.
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</p>
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</div>
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<div class="article-link article-html-link">
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.23.22280285v1" target="_blank">Dimethyl fumarate in patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19 (RECOVERY): a randomised, controlled, open-label, platform trial</a>
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</div></li>
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<li><strong>When should healthcare workers with COVID-19 return to work? An analysis of follow-up antigen test results after a positive COVID test</strong> -
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<div>
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
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Background: Under CDCs guidance for mitigating healthcare worker (HCW) staffing shortages, COVID-positive HCW may return to work as early as five days after their initial positive test without a negative antigen test, if symptoms are improving. Recent studies suggest a robust correlation between a positive COVID-19 antigen test and infectiousness. Methods: From January to June 2022, HCW employed by a large health system who tested positive for COVID on a PCR test were instructed to isolate and return for a rapid antigen test on day 5 or later if they had been fever-free for 24 hours and their symptoms were improving. We conducted chi-squared tests and a multivariate logistic regression to assess the association between demographic characteristics, vaccination status, and days from the initial positive PCR test on RTW antigen test results. Results: Compared to day 5, HCW had a lower odds of a positive antigen result on day 7 (OR: 0.39, p<0.0001) and after at least 8 days (OR: 0.16, p<0.0001). Unexpectedly, a positive antigen result was more likely among HCW who were vaccinated (OR: 1.41, p <0.05), boosted for more than 90 days prior (OR: 2.21, p<0.0001), and boosted within 90 days (OR: 2.08, p < 0.01) compared to not being vaccinated. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that HCW returning to work before day 7 following a positive PCR test may still be infectious and future guidelines addressing contingency staffing should reflect these findings in order to minimize possible transmission in the healthcare setting. The finding that boosted individuals had over twice the odds of returning positive on the follow up antigen test compared to unvaccinated HCWs merits additional research.
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</p>
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</div>
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<div class="article-link article-html-link">
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.24.22280327v1" target="_blank">When should healthcare workers with COVID-19 return to work? An analysis of follow-up antigen test results after a positive COVID test</a>
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</div></li>
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<li><strong>Development of Q-LAAD, an allonamer-based antigen test for the rapid detection of SARS-CoV-2</strong> -
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
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The SARS-CoV-2 virus has spread globally causing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Rapidly and accurately identifying viral infections is an ongoing necessity. We used the systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX) technique to produce a DNA allonamer with two distinct binding domains made allosteric through a linker section; one domain binds SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein, inducing a conformational change that allows the reporter domain to bind a fluorescent reporter molecule. We used bead-based fluorescence and immunofluorescence assays to confirm the allonamer9s affinity and specificity for S-protein and confirmed that the allonamer can bind to S-proteins with mutations corresponding to those of the alpha, beta, gamma, and delta variants. We then developed the allonamer-based Quantum-Logic Aptamer Analyte Detection (Q-LAAD) test, a rapid, high-throughput antigen test for qualitative detection of SARS-CoV-2 in clinical settings. We validated Q-LAAD against retrospective and prospective clinical anterior nasal swab samples collected from symptomatic patients suspected of having COVID-19. Q-LAAD showed 97% sensitivity and 100% specificity compared to the RT-qPCR assay. Q-LAAD has a limit of detection (LOD) of 1.88 TCID50/mL, is cost-effective and convenient, and requires only a common fluorescence plate reader. Q-LAAD may be a useful clinical diagnostic tool in the fight against SARS-CoV-2.
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</p>
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</div>
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<div class="article-link article-html-link">
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.23.22280297v1" target="_blank">Development of Q-LAAD, an allonamer-based antigen test for the rapid detection of SARS-CoV-2</a>
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</div></li>
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<li><strong>Pandemic Fatigue: Measurement, Correlates, and Consequences</strong> -
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<div>
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The existence and potential consequences of pandemic fatigue have been debated fiercely. We introduce a theoretical conceptualization and brief measure of this much debated construct. Using this measure across two large repeated cross-sectional surveys in Denmark and Germany and one panel survey in Denmark (overall N = 34,582), we provide evidence for the existence of and changes in pandemic fatigue between October 2020 and September 2021 during the COVID-19 pandemic. We also identify its correlates and its relation to self-reported adherence to recommended health-protective behaviors. Finally, we explore the causal impact of pandemic fatigue on people’s intention to adhere to different health-protective behaviors in a well-powered preregistered online experiment with U.S. participants (N = 1,584). Overall, our results provide crucial evidence concerning not only the existence and nature of pandemic fatigue, but also people’s psychological and behavioral responses in the face of a pandemic.
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</div>
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<div class="article-link article-html-link">
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://psyarxiv.com/2xvbr/" target="_blank">Pandemic Fatigue: Measurement, Correlates, and Consequences</a>
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</div></li>
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<li><strong>Crosstalk among COVID-19, STRA6, Retinol, and G protein-coupled receptor may explain the novel hypothesis of Retinol depletion and retinoid signaling disorder of COVID-19 pathogenesis</strong> -
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<div>
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More than two years have passed since the pandemic and despite all the efforts of researchers, the pathogenesis of COVID-19 has not yet been resolved. Multisystem involvement, neuroendocrine involvement, and pathophysiological changes caused by SARS-CoV-2 in peripheral organs have been shown in many studies. However, the molecular mechanism of these pathophysiological changes caused by COVID-19 has not been elucidated. The frequent mutations of SARS-CoV-2 and the change in the interaction of the virus with host cells have further complicated the pathogenetic mechanism in COVID-19. Unfortunately, the mechanism determined at the beginning of the pandemic and based on the single receptor tropism of ACE2 was insufficient to explain the pathogenesis of COVID-19. It is known that SARS-CoV-2 causes retinoid signaling defects and chemosensory receptor disorders and exerts its pathogenic effects through these mechanisms. Multisystem involvement and different clinical presentations in COVID-19 suggest that virus-host interaction develops through multiple receptors and signaling pathways. The previous mechanism described via ACE2, based on single-receptor tropism, was insufficient to elucidate the pathogenesis of COVID-19 due to the absence of ACE2 receptors in most of the affected organs. In addition, there is no satisfactory explanation for the mechanism by which ACE2-free organs are affected in COVID-19. In this regard, we think that ACE2 is not a true binding receptor for the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. With our recent molecular docking studies, STRA6 and its GPCRs were identified as new binding receptors of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. These studies have brought a multi-receptor mechanism to the pathogenesis of COVID-19. The multi-receptor mechanism clearly illuminates the complex pathogenesis of retinoid signaling disorder, systemic organ involvement, neuroendocrine involvement, loss of smell and taste, and many other peripheral symptoms and signs, which are considered an enigma in the pathogenesis of COVID-19. Therefore, we suggest retinoid signaling defect as the main pathogenetic disorder in COVID-19 and STRA6 and GPCRs as the main binding receptors of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. This new mechanism also clarifies the changing symptoms and findings in COVID-19 with each new variant. Moreover, these studies have explained the novel hypothesis for COVID-19 pathogenesis: Retinol depletion and retinoid signaling disorder and have revealed new drug targets for the treatment and prophylaxis of COVID-19.
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</div>
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<div class="article-link article-html-link">
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://osf.io/a6r3g/" target="_blank">Crosstalk among COVID-19, STRA6, Retinol, and G protein-coupled receptor may explain the novel hypothesis of Retinol depletion and retinoid signaling disorder of COVID-19 pathogenesis</a>
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</div></li>
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<li><strong>Does polyethylene glycol, used as an excipient at mRNA-based (Moderna, Pfizer) vaccines, cause an increase in the frequency of epilepsy in PWE?</strong> -
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<div>
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PEGs, also known as polyethylene glycol, are hydrophilic polymers of various diameters made up of repeated (-CH2-CH2-O-) units and are frequently used in commercial and medical applications like cosmetics, and pharmaceutical preparations and now increase in drug development but the concern about antibodies against PEGs is producing (1) PEGs (PEGs2000) are used as excipients in mRNA-based vaccines like Moderna and Pfizer (2) it is utilized in these vaccines to encapsulate the SLNPs, polyethylene glycol (PEG), which has been identified as the main culprit for this anaphylactic reactions4,5. PEG is used in a wide variety of additional products6, including cosmetics, meals, and pharmaceutical preparations. Its action is essential for preserving the colloidal stability of nanoparticles in biological fluids as well as for lowering the amount of uptake by filter organs, which increases the effectiveness and safety of the particles after vaccination. (3). One of the most prevalent neurological conditions, epilepsy is linked to higher morbidity and mortality rates. PWE who aspirate during seizures have a higher chance of developing pneumonia, and infections can make their PWE’s seizure symptoms worse. Patients with particular epilepsy syndromes who take immunosuppressive medications (such as those with tuberous sclerosis complex or autoimmune encephalitis) must also be regarded as “at risk.” PWE is also more likely to have comorbid conditions, which increases their chance of developing a severe SARS-CoV-2 infection. (4). In a study for colonoscopic screening using PEG as safe more than sodium, the study reported 2 cases of increased frequency of epilepsy attacks on two women who were admitted with generalized tonic-clonic seizures induced by precolonoscopic PEG preparation because of PEG effect on fluids and hyponatremia-induced epilepsy, Electrolyte solutions containing PEG have been linked to seizure activity and/or unconsciousness. Low serum osmolality and irregular electrolytes were linked to the seizure cases. Patients having a history of seizures or a tendency toward them, as well as those with known or suspected hyponatremia, should receive therapy with these drugs with caution (5) Numerous research and evaluations found no evidence linking vaccines to afebrile seizures, and they concluded that immunizations do not cause the beginning of epilepsy [6]. In patients in our cohort who grew more prone to seizures post vaccination but did not have a simultaneous fever, this finding raises doubts about the direct impact of immunization, even though these patients had more serious epilepsy with less control than our multivariate analysis did confirm that seizures frequency is only influenced by one component. The frequency pattern of pre-vaccine seizures was getting worse consequently, it is conceivable to imagine that immunization was an immediate contributing factor in altering seizure frequency, in actuality, the patients who deteriorated were affected by epilepsy that is more severe and poorly controlled. (7) According to several observational studies, individuals with epilepsy (PWE) experienced worsening seizure control during the COVID-19 pandemic. (8-13) An observational study by Isabel Martinez-Fernandez shows Seizure frequency increased after vaccination in 6.2% of people with epilepsy. 6.2% of PWE saw a meaningful increase in seizure frequency after receiving the covid-19 vaccine and in 61.5% of these cases, other probable causes were also present, the causes of worsening seizures are distinct from immunization were identifiable, and patients with a higher risk of seizures and those who had an aggravation after receiving the covid-19 immunization monthly epilepsy. (14) Understanding that PEG is immunogenic and antigenic is important. More thorough investigations are necessary to thoroughly assess the effect of anti-PEG antibodies on PEG conjugates. The chance of experiencing potential adverse effects is increased by the growing usage of PEG and PEGylated therapeutic proteins. First off, side products created during polymer production can indirectly cause hypersensitivity. Second, the pharmacokinetic behavior of the PEGylated medicines exhibits some undesirable modifications. Furthermore, there are certain unanticipated impacts of the leftovers because PEG is not biodegradable. (15) Finally, this letter to the editor gives alarming about the immune response in form of anti-PEGs antibodies as a concern in the future as PEGs are included in drug development as nanoparticles and protein bindings to decrease the clearance of these compounds. And many cases of epilepsy were reported as increasing the frequency after covid-19 vaccinations.
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://osf.io/p8kxj/" target="_blank">Does polyethylene glycol, used as an excipient at mRNA-based (Moderna, Pfizer) vaccines, cause an increase in the frequency of epilepsy in PWE?</a>
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<li><strong>Can long-term post-COVID-19 fainting syndrome explain why a US artist swimmer Anita Alvarez has recurrent fainting attacks after diving during a swimming competition? Does interleukin-6 play a role?</strong> -
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At the 19th FINA (Fédération Internationale De Natation.) World Aquatic Championships were held in Budapest, Hungary, American swimmer Anita Alvarez lost consciousness, experienced recurrent fainting attacks after diving during a swimming competition, and had to be pulled from the bottom of the pool by her coach. And this happens for the second time (1) Five (0.6%) of the 789 elite athletes in an observational study who tested positive for COVID-19 had CMR evidence of inflammatory cardiac disease (myocarditis or pericarditis) (2) Concern has been expressed by a number of authors on the effect of neurologic and neuromuscular problems on return to play. As they recover from COVID19 disease, athletes may experience tiredness, decreased neuromuscular function, and decreased muscle strength. Several additional COVIDrelated problems, such as general weariness, cognitive impairment, and coagulopathy, can occur in recovering athletes. (3)(4) The most common chronic cardiovascular dysautonomia in young and middle-aged people, primarily women, is postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS). Chronic orthostatic intolerance, an abnormal increase in heart rate (HR) upon standing, and deconditioning are its defining characteristics. Post-viral autoimmune activation has been proposed as a potential cause of the condition (5) Interleukin-6 is crucial for athletes, particularly after arduous activity and after submerging in cold water. Immersion in cold water is linked to a little increase in IL-6 levels from post-exercise values. (6) Two studies described a syncopal episode in COVID-19 survivors 3 to 4 weeks after diagnosis, at the post-acute COVID-19 stage. This increases the likelihood that syncope had a role, not just during the illness’s acute stage but also as a long-term consequence. Patients in both of these cases underwent analysis for postural orthostatic tachycardia disorder, a part of the autonomic dysfunctions. As previously stated, unexplained pre/syncope accounted for 87.9% (531/604) of the detailed scenes and was the most frequent cause of the temporary loss of awareness. Reflex pre/syncope occurred 7.8% of the time overall (47/604). Orthostatic hypotension made up 2.2 percent (13/604) of the cases, and 2.2 percent (13/604) of the cases likely had cardiac pre/syncope. (7,8) Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a localized energy sensor that is supplied to active skeletal muscle and can explain why there is an increase in plasma IL-6 during exercise. The length and intensity of the workout have an impact on the creation of IL-6, and moo muscle glycogen material supports this production. The discovery of abnormally elevated levels of IL-6 following arduous exercise has consistently been observed in several studies. After 6 minutes of vigorous exercise, a 2-fold increase in plasma IL-6 was seen. After 30 minutes of running by the treadmill, the blood level of IL-6 had significantly increased, reaching its peak after 2.5 hours. In other studies, when IL-6 levels weren’t monitored during the running workout but rather a few hours later, peak IL-6 levels were discovered right away after the workout, followed by a rapid decline. In this manner, maximal IL-6 levels (100-fold increment) were assessed immediately following the 3-3.5 h race. (9) Peak IL-6 levels are attained at the conclusion of the workout or soon after. Chronic IL-6 elevations cause hyperinsulinemia, lower body mass, and impaired insulin control of skeletal muscle glucose absorption. The level of circulating IL-6 is two to three times higher in senior patients with type 2 DM than it is in younger, healthy people. (10) As stated by NICE (National Institute for Health and Care Excellence), A significant proportion of acute COVID-19 survivors experience long-term physical and neuropsychiatric symptoms, which are categorized as “ongoing symptomatic COVID-19” (symptoms that continue for 4 to 12 weeks after the onset of the illness) and “post-COVID-19 syndrome” or “long COVID” (symptoms that continue for more than 12 weeks). We hypothesize that inflammatory cytokines like interleukin-6 may be involved in the neuro-immune cross-talk that results in these chronic COVID-19 symptoms (IL-6). This hypothesis is supported by a number of research lines, including population-based cohort and genetic Mendelian Randomization studies, which suggest that inflammation and weariness are related and that IL-6 may play a causal role in both symptoms. In particular, clinical epidemiology studies are necessary to determine whether IL-6 and/or other inflammatory cytokine levels are elevated. (11) Finally, this letter of the editor is an alarming pill for saving athletes all over the world and evaluating recurrent attacks of syncopal or cardiac arrest or other cardiovascular problems nowadays post covid-19 pandemic long-term sequelae, and more clinical studies are needed.
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://osf.io/4vn7e/" target="_blank">Can long-term post-COVID-19 fainting syndrome explain why a US artist swimmer Anita Alvarez has recurrent fainting attacks after diving during a swimming competition? Does interleukin-6 play a role?</a>
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<li><strong>Intensity of sample processing methods impacts wastewater SARS-CoV-2 whole genome amplicon sequencing outcomes</strong> -
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Wastewater SARS-CoV-2 surveillance has been deployed since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic to monitor dynamics in virus burden in local communities. Genomic surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater, particularly the efforts for whole genome sequencing for variant tracking or identification, are comparatively challenging due to low target concentration, complex microbial and chemical background, and lack of robust nucleic acid recovery experimental procedures. The intrinsic sample limitations are inherent to wastewater. In this study, we evaluated impacts from sample types, certain sample intrinsic features, and processing and sequencing methods on sequencing outcomes with a specific focus on the breadth of genome coverage. We collected 184 composite and grab wastewater samples from the Chicago area between March to October 2021 for SARS-CoV-2 quantification and genomic surveillance. Samples were processed using a mixture of processing methods reflecting different homogenization intensities (HA+Zymo beads, HA+glass beads, and Nanotrap), and were sequenced using two sequencing library preparation kits (the Illumina COVIDseq kit and the QIAseq DIRECT kit). A synthetic SARS-CoV-2 RNA experiment was performed to validate the potential impacts of processing methods on sequencing outcomes. Our findings suggested that 1) SARS-CoV-2 whole genome sequencing outcomes were associated with sample types and processing methods 2) in less intensive method processed samples (HA+glass beads), higher genome breadth of coverage in sequencing (over 80%) was associated with N1 concentration > 105 cp/L, while in intensive method (HA+Zymo beads), qPCR results were inconsistent with sequencing outcomes, and 3) sample processing methods and sequencing kits, rather than the extraction methods or intrinsic features of wastewater samples, played important roles in wastewater SARS-CoV-2 amplicon sequencing. Overall, extra attention should be paid to wastewater sample processing (e.g., concentration and homogenization) for sufficient, good quality RNA yield for downstream sequencing.
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.22.22280217v1" target="_blank">Intensity of sample processing methods impacts wastewater SARS-CoV-2 whole genome amplicon sequencing outcomes</a>
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<li><strong>Effects of SARS-CoV-2 Infection on Attention, Memory, and Sensorimotor Performance</strong> -
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Background: Recovery after SARS-CoV-2 infection is extremely variable, with some individuals recovering quickly, and others experiencing persistent long-term symptoms or developing new symptoms after the acute phase of infection, including fatigue, poor concentration, impaired attention, or memory deficits. Many existing studies reporting cognitive deficits associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection are limited by the exclusive use of self-reported measures or a lack of adequate comparison groups. Methods: Forty-five participants, ages 18-70, (11 Long-COVID, 14 COVID, and 20 No-COVID) underwent behavioral testing with the NIH Toolbox Neuro-Quality of Life survey and selected psychometric tests, including a flanker interference task and the d2 Test of Attention. Results: We found greater self-reported anxiety, apathy, fatigue, emotional dyscontrol, sleep disturbance and cognitive dysfunction in COVID compared No-COVID groups. After categorizing COVID patients according to self-reported concentration problems, we observed declining performance patterns in multiple attention measures across No-COVID controls, COVID and Long-COVID groups. COVID participants, compared to No-COVID controls, exhibited worse performance on NIH Toolbox assessments, including the Eriksen Flanker, Nine-Hole Pegboard and Auditory Verbal Learning tests. Conclusion: This study provides convergent evidence that previous SARS-CoV-2 infection is associated with impairments in sustained attention, processing speed, self-reported fatigue and concentration. The finding that some patients have cognitive and visuomotor dysfunction in the absence of self-reported problems suggests that SARS-CoV-2 infection can have unexpected and persistent subclinical consequences.
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.22.22280222v1" target="_blank">Effects of SARS-CoV-2 Infection on Attention, Memory, and Sensorimotor Performance</a>
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<li><strong>Higher risk of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.4/5 infection than of BA.2 infection after previous BA.1 infection, the Netherlands, 2 May to 24 July 2022</strong> -
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We investigate differences in protection from previous infection and/or vaccination against infection with Omicron BA.4/5 or BA.2. We observed a higher percentage of registered previous SARS-CoV-2 infections among 19836 persons infected with Omicron BA.4/5 compared to 7052 persons infected with BA.2 (31.3% vs. 20.0%) between 2 May and 24 July 2022 (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) for testing week, age group and sex: 1.4 (95%CI: 1.3-1.5)). No difference was observed in the distribution of vaccination status between BA.2 and BA.4/5 cases (aOR: 1.1 for primary and booster vaccination). Among reinfections, those newly infected with BA4/5 had a shorter interval between infections and the previous infection was more often caused by BA.1, compared to those newly infected with BA.2 (aOR: 1.9 (1.5-2.6). This suggests immunity induced by BA.1 is less effective against a BA.4/5 infection than against a BA.2 infection.
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.21.22280189v1" target="_blank">Higher risk of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.4/5 infection than of BA.2 infection after previous BA.1 infection, the Netherlands, 2 May to 24 July 2022</a>
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<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-clinical-trials">From Clinical Trials</h1>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Association Between Smell Training and Quality of Life in Patients With Impaired Sense of Smell Following COVID-19</strong> - <b>Condition</b>: COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>: Other: Olfactory training with essential oils; Other: Olfactory training with fragrance-free oils<br/><b>Sponsor</b>: Ditte Gertz Mogensen<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>The Efficacy and Safety of TADIOS as an Adjuvant Therapy in Patients Diagnosed With Mild to Moderate COVID-19</strong> - <b>Condition</b>: COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>: Drug: TADIOS; Drug: Placebo<br/><b>Sponsor</b>: Helixmith Co., Ltd.<br/><b>Completed</b></p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>COVID-19 Fourth Dose Study in Australia</strong> - <b>Condition</b>: COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>: Biological: Tozinameran; Biological: Elasomeran; Biological: Bivalent Pfizer-BioNTech; Biological: Bivalent Moderna<br/><b>Sponsors</b>: Murdoch Childrens Research Institute; Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations; The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Safety and Effects of an Investigational COVID-19 Vaccine as a Booster in Healthy People</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>: SARS-CoV-2 Infection; COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>: Biological: BNT162b5 Bivalent or BNT162b2 Bivalent 30 µg; Biological: BNT162b4 5 µg; Biological: BNT162b4 10 µg; Biological: BNT162b4 15 µg<br/><b>Sponsors</b>: BioNTech SE; Pfizer<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Trial of 2nd Booster Dose of COVID-19 Vaccine</strong> - <b>Condition</b>: COVID-19<br/><b>Intervention</b>: Other: Invitation to get a 2nd booster dose of COVID-19 vaccine<br/><b>Sponsor</b>: Norwegian Institute of Public Health<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>PBI-0451 Phase 2 Study in Nonhospitalized Symptomatic Adults With COVID-19</strong> - <b>Condition</b>: COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>: Drug: PBI-0451; Drug: Placebo<br/><b>Sponsor</b>: Pardes Biosciences, Inc.<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Evaluating the Safety and Efficacy of AD17002 Intranasal Spray in Treating Participants With Mild to Moderate COVID-19</strong> - <b>Condition</b>: COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>: Biological: AD17002 + Formulation buffer; Biological: Placebo<br/><b>Sponsors</b>: Advagene Biopharma Co. Ltd.; Gadjah Mada University<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Community-Based Health Education Programs for the Early Detection of, and Vaccination Against, COVID-19 and the Adoption of Self-Protective Measures of Hong Kong Residents</strong> - <b>Condition</b>: COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>: Behavioral: Community-based Health Education based on core intervention package; Behavioral: Health Information Sharing Group<br/><b>Sponsors</b>: The Hong Kong Polytechnic University; Food and Health Bureau, Hong Kong<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Simvastatin Nasal Rinses for the Treatment of COVID-19 Mediated Dysomsia</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>: Olfactory Disorder; COVID-19<br/><b>Intervention</b>: Drug: Simvastatin<br/><b>Sponsors</b>: Washington University School of Medicine; Duke University<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation in Post-acute COVID-19 Syndrome</strong> - <b>Condition</b>: Post Acute COVID-19 Syndrome<br/><b>Interventions</b>: Other: Cardiopulmonary rehabilitation; Other: Health education<br/><b>Sponsor</b>: Taipei Medical University Shuang Ho Hospital<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Engaging Church Health Ministries to Decrease Coronavirus Disease-19 Vaccine Hesitancy in Underserved Populations</strong> - <b>Condition</b>: COVID-19<br/><b>Intervention</b>: Behavioral: Active Intervention Group<br/><b>Sponsor</b>: Pennington Biomedical Research Center<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Evaluation of the Efficacy of Mouth Rinses With Commercial Mouthwashes to Decrease Viral Load in Saliva in COVID-19 Patients</strong> - <b>Condition</b>: covid19<br/><b>Interventions</b>: Drug: Lacer Clorhexidina Colutorio; Drug: Lacer Clorhexidine 0.20% Colutorio; Drug: Gingilacer Encías Delicadas Colutorio; Drug: Distilled water<br/><b>Sponsors</b>: Fundación para el Fomento de la Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de la Comunitat Valenciana; Hospital Universitario Fundación Jiménez Díaz; Hospital Universitario Infanta Elena<br/><b>Completed</b></p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Hydrogen-Oxygen Generator With Nebulizer for Adjuvant Treatment of COVID-19 Positive Patients</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>: Covid19; Hydrogen-oxygen Gas; AMS-H-03<br/><b>Interventions</b>: Device: Hydrogen-Oxygen Generator with Nebulizer, AMS-H-03; Device: the hospital routine oxygen supply equipment (wall oxygen or cylinder oxygen)<br/><b>Sponsor</b>: Ruijin Hospital<br/><b>Active, not recruiting</b></p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Safety and Immunogenicity of COVID-19 Vaccine in Population Aged 18 Years and Above</strong> - <b>Condition</b>: COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>: Biological: low-dose LYB001; Biological: Recombinant COVID-19 Vaccine (CHO Cell); Biological: high-dose LYB001<br/><b>Sponsors</b>: Guangzhou Patronus Biotech Co., Ltd.; Yantai Patronus Biotech Co., Ltd.<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Long COVID-19 Syndrome in Primary Care: A Novel Protocol of Exercise Intervention “CON-VIDA Clinical Trial”</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>: COVID-19; Long COVID; Post-COVID-19 Syndrome<br/><b>Intervention</b>: Behavioral: EXERCISE<br/><b>Sponsor</b>: Universidad San Jorge<br/><b>Active, not recruiting</b></p></li>
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<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-pubmed">From PubMed</h1>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>COVID-19, Overzealous Sanitizer Use, and Hair Discoloration: Case Reports</strong> - Proper hand hygiene is one of the top preventive measures against the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). In this study, we report the cases of four patients who presented with blonde discoloration of hair of the dorsal hands and distal forearms during the COVID-19 pandemic. The mean age of participants was 41.25±4.35 years, and 75% percent of them were men. Three patients were medical staff who had to use antiseptics frequently, and one of them was a housewife. In all participants, the primary…</p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Pathogen-Host Adhesion between SARS-CoV-2 Spike Proteins from Different Variants and Human ACE2 Studied at Single-Molecule and Single-Cell Levels</strong> - The binding of the receptor binding domain (RBD) of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike protein onto human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is considered as the first step for the virus to adhere onto the host cells during the infection. Here, we investigated the adhesion of spike proteins from different variants and ACE2 using single-molecule and single-cell force spectroscopy. We found that the unbinding force and binding probability of the spike protein…</p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>MERS-CoV nsp1 regulates autophagic flux via mTOR signaling and dysfunctional lysosomes</strong> - Autophagy, a cellular surveillance mechanism, plays an important role in combating invading pathogens. However, viruses have evolved various strategies to disrupt autophagy and even hijack it for replication and release. Here, we demonstrated that Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) non-structural protein 1(nsp1) induces autophagy but inhibits autophagic activity. MERS-CoV nsp1 expression increased ROS and reduced ATP levels in cells, which activated AMPK and inhibited the…</p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Seroprevalence of influenza viruses in Shandong, Northern China during the COVID-19 pandemic</strong> - Nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) have been commonly deployed to prevent and control the spread of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), resulting in a worldwide decline in influenza prevalence. However, the influenza risk in China warrants cautious assessment. We conducted a cross-sectional, seroepidemiological study in Shandong Province, Northern China in mid-2021. Hemagglutination inhibition was performed to test antibodies against four influenza vaccine strains. A combination of…</p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>SARS-CoV-2 Delta and Omicron variants evade population antibody response by mutations in a single spike epitope</strong> - Population antibody response is thought to be important in selection of virus variants. We report that SARS-CoV-2 infection elicits a population immune response that is mediated by a lineage of VH1-69 germline antibodies. A representative antibody R1-32 from this lineage was isolated. By cryo-EM, we show that it targets a semi-cryptic epitope in the spike receptor-binding domain. Binding to this non-ACE2 competing epitope results in spike destruction, thereby inhibiting virus entry. On the basis…</p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Pediatric Residency Training amid the COVID-19 Pandemic: Exploring the Impact of Supervision and Clinical Practice Guidelines on Clinical and Financial Outcomes</strong> - CONCLUSION: Direct supervision inhibited the negative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on both clinical and financial outcomes of non-COVID-19 inpatient care by pediatric residents, while CPG only inhibited the negative impact on financial outcomes. Implication of This Study. In a disaster, the availability of CPG and direct supervision makes AMC hospitals able to inhibit the negative impact of disasters on clinical and financial outcomes.</p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Jian-Ti-Kang-Yi decoction alleviates poly(I:C)-induced pneumonia by inhibiting inflammatory response, reducing oxidative stress, and modulating host metabolism</strong> - Jian-Ti-Kang-Yi decoction (JTKY) is widely used in the treatment of COVID-19. However, the protective mechanisms of JTKY against pneumonia remain unknown. In this study, polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly(I:C)), a mimic of viral dsRNA, was used to induce pneumonia in mice; the therapeutic effects of JTKY on poly(I:C)-induced pneumonia model mice were evaluated. In addition, the anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative potentials of JTKY were also investigated. Lastly, the metabolic regulatory…</p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Structural Basis for the Inhibition of Coronaviral Main Proteases by a Benzothiazole-Based Inhibitor</strong> - The ongoing spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused hundreds of millions of cases and millions of victims worldwide with serious consequences to global health and economies. Although many vaccines protecting against SARS-CoV-2 are currently available, constantly emerging new variants necessitate the development of alternative strategies for prevention and treatment of COVID-19. Inhibitors that target the main protease (M^(pro)) of SARS-CoV-2, an…</p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Chemically Modified Bovine β-Lactoglobulin as a Broad-Spectrum Influenza Virus Entry Inhibitor with the Potential to Combat Influenza Outbreaks</strong> - Frequent outbreaks of the highly pathogenic influenza A virus (AIV) infection, together with the lack of broad-spectrum influenza vaccines, call for the development of broad-spectrum prophylactic agents. Previously, 3-hydroxyphthalic anhydride-modified bovine β-lactoglobulin (3HP-β-LG) was proven to be effective against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and it has also been used in the clinical control of cervical human…</p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>The Bovine Seminal Plasma Protein PDC-109 Possesses Pan-Antiviral Activity</strong> - Mammalian seminal plasma contains a multitude of bioactive components, including lipids, glucose, mineral elements, metabolites, proteins, cytokines, and growth factors, with various functions during insemination and fertilization. The seminal plasma protein PDC-109 is one of the major soluble components of the bovine ejaculate and is crucially important for sperm motility, capacitation, and acrosome reaction. A hitherto underappreciated function of seminal plasma is its anti-microbial and…</p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>SARS-CoV-2 RBD-Specific Antibodies Induced Early in the Pandemic by Natural Infection and Vaccination Display Cross-Variant Binding and Inhibition</strong> - The development of vaccine candidates for COVID-19 has been rapid, and those that are currently approved display high efficacy against the original circulating strains. However, recently, new variants of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) have emerged with increased transmission rates and less susceptibility to vaccine induced immunity. A greater understanding of protection mechanisms, including antibody longevity and cross-reactivity towards the variants of concern…</p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Broad-Spectrum Small-Molecule Inhibitors of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike-ACE2 Protein-Protein Interaction from a Chemical Space of Privileged Protein Binders</strong> - Therapeutically useful small-molecule inhibitors (SMIs) of protein-protein interactions (PPIs) initiating the cell attachment and entry of viruses could provide novel alternative antivirals that act via mechanisms similar to that of neutralizing antibodies but retain the advantages of small-molecule drugs such as oral bioavailability and low likelihood of immunogenicity. From screening our library, which is focused around the chemical space of organic dyes to provide good protein binders, we…</p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Bacteriophage-Derived Double-Stranded RNA Exerts Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Activity In Vitro and in Golden Syrian Hamsters In Vivo</strong> - Bacteriophage-derived dsRNA, known as Larifan, is a nationally well-known broad-spectrum antiviral medication. This study aimed to ascertain the antiviral activity of Larifan against the novel SARS-CoV-2 virus. Larifan’s effect against SARS-CoV-2 in vitro was measured in human lung adenocarcinoma (Calu3) and primary human small airway epithelial cells (HSAEC), and in vivo in the SARS-CoV-2 infection model in golden Syrian hamsters. Larifan inhibited SARS-CoV-2 replication both in vitro and in…</p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Quercetin in the Prevention and Treatment of Coronavirus Infections: A Focus on SARS-CoV-2</strong> - The COVID-19 outbreak seems to be the most dangerous challenge of the third millennium due to its highly contagious nature. Amongst natural molecules for COVID-19 treatment, the flavonoid molecule quercetin (QR) is currently considered one of the most promising. QR is an active agent against SARS and MERS due to its antimicrobial, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and some other beneficial effects. QR may hold therapeutic potential against SARS-CoV-2 due to its inhibitory effects on…</p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Plant Metabolites as SARS-CoV-2 Inhibitors Candidates: In Silico and In Vitro Studies</strong> - Since it acquired pandemic status, SARS-CoV-2 has been causing all kinds of damage all over the world. More than 6.3 million people have died, and many cases of sequelae are in survivors. Currently, the only products available to most of the world’s population to fight the pandemic are vaccines, which still need improvement since the number of new cases, admissions into intensive care units, and deaths are again reaching worrying rates, which makes it essential to compounds that can be used…</p></li>
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<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-patent-search">From Patent Search</h1>
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