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478 lines
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<title>10 August, 2022</title>
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<title>Daily-Dose</title><meta content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" name="viewport"/><link href="styles/simple.css" rel="stylesheet"/><link href="../styles/simple.css" rel="stylesheet"/><style>*{overflow-x:hidden;}</style><link href="https://unpkg.com/aos@2.3.1/dist/aos.css" rel="stylesheet"/><script src="https://unpkg.com/aos@2.3.1/dist/aos.js"></script></head>
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<body>
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<h1 data-aos="fade-down" id="daily-dose">Daily-Dose</h1>
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<h1 data-aos="fade-right" data-aos-anchor-placement="top-bottom" id="contents">Contents</h1>
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<ul>
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<li><a href="#from-new-yorker">From New Yorker</a></li>
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<li><a href="#from-vox">From Vox</a></li>
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<li><a href="#from-the-hindu-sports">From The Hindu: Sports</a></li>
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<li><a href="#from-the-hindu-national-news">From The Hindu: National News</a></li>
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<li><a href="#from-bbc-europe">From BBC: Europe</a></li>
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<li><a href="#from-ars-technica">From Ars Technica</a></li>
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<li><a href="#from-jokes-subreddit">From Jokes Subreddit</a></li>
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</ul>
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<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-new-yorker">From New Yorker</h1>
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<ul>
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<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>What the F.B.I.’s Raid of Mar-a-Lago Could Mean for Trump</strong> - A former federal prosecutor and general counsel for the F.B.I. explains the process and implications of obtaining a search warrant on the home of a former President. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/q-and-a/what-the-fbis-raid-of-mar-a-lago-could-mean-for-trump">link</a></p></li>
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<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>The Democrats Finally Deliver</strong> - The Senate’s passage of a sweeping, if imperfect, climate-change-and-health-care bill is a landmark moment in U.S. policymaking. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/our-columnists/the-democrats-finally-deliver">link</a></p></li>
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<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>How Hurricanes Get Their Names</strong> - In an age of more intense storms, forecasters explain their aims. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/daily-comment/how-hurricanes-get-their-names">link</a></p></li>
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<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>After the Trump Raid, Silence Is Not an Option for Merrick Garland</strong> - The F.B.I. search of Mar-a-Lago will either strengthen or erode public trust in the Justice Department and its leader. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/daily-comment/after-the-trump-raid-silence-is-not-an-option-for-merrick-garland">link</a></p></li>
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<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Wisconsin Primary Map: Live Election Results</strong> - The latest results from the Wisconsin primary ahead of the 2022 midterms. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/election-2022/live-midterm-results-wisconsin">link</a></p></li>
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</ul>
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<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-vox">From Vox</h1>
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<ul>
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<li><strong>Some heat waves have names now. That could save lives.</strong> -
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<figure>
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<img alt="" src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/47G3vyFKSS7kzxAvr17Zn50EPxM=/250x0:4250x3000/1310x983/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_image/image/71227743/GettyImages_1242303266.0.jpg"/>
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<figcaption>
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A construction worker pours water on his head as he tries to cool off during a heat wave in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, on August 4, 2022. | Mark Makela/Getty Images
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</figcaption>
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</figure>
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
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Treating heat waves more like hurricanes could help us take them more seriously.
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</p>
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="ac9dEd">
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We talk about heat waves in a weird way.
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</p>
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="W1kbam">
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Natural disasters like hurricanes and wildfires are (rightly) accompanied by warnings of their danger. They bring a visible, elemental fury that’s hard to ignore. Heat, on the other hand, is invisible and insidious. We feel it on our skin, radiating from the sun or bouncing off asphalt and concrete, but we don’t see it the way we see, say, floodwaters carrying cars down the street. That makes heat waves easy to <a href="https://twitter.com/MrMatthewTodd/status/1548353724086530049?s=20&t=qBduPzYnulqJHq108RteVQ">dismiss as quirky summer weather</a>.
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</p>
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="t7Gk8w">
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“Heat is an interesting hazard because it can kind of creep up on you,” said Jennifer Marlon, a research scientist at the Yale Program on Climate Change Communication. “It tends to affect millions of people at a time, and a lot of people don’t realize the danger.”
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</p>
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="shAcYM">
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But heat is the <a href="https://www.weather.gov/hazstat/">deadliest weather phenomenon</a> in a typical year in the United States, killing an average of 158 people annually in the 30 years from 1992 to 2021, and <a href="https://www.vox.com/energy-and-environment/2022/6/22/23176860/heat-wave-summer-temperatures-climate-change-us-europe">climate change is only going to make heat waves more common</a>. We already categorize tornadoes, and we name wildfires. Hurricanes get both. Would extending those ideas to heat waves help?
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</p>
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<figure class="e-image">
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<img alt="A bar chart showing weather phenomena by number of fatalities. Heat killed 190 people in the United States in 2021; the 10-year average was 135 people, while the 30-year average was 158." src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/EmE3YWxOpeA8Jh3ftQG_qtGu8r8=/800x0/filters:no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23934001/Heat_waves_deadliest_weather.png"/>
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</figure>
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="JujVyc">
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“Naming hurricanes has been really effective,” said Kathy Baughman McLeod, director of the Atlantic Council’s <a href="https://onebillionresilient.org/">Adrienne Arsht-Rockefeller Foundation Resilience Center</a> (Arsht-Rock), which studies climate resiliency. Hurricane-prone communities tend to have what McLeod called “a culture of preparedness and prevention,” where residents know how to prepare for storms of varying intensity. Residents who decide to ride out a weaker storm at home, for example, might board up their windows and store a few days’ worth of water. “Heat waves need that branding, that identity,” McLeod said.
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</p>
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="w1uEaM">
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To figure out how that branding might work, scientists at Arsht-Rock are running pilot projects in six cities — Los Angeles, Miami, Milwaukee, and Kansas City in the United States, along with Seville, Spain, and Athens, Greece — to test-drive a heat wave categorization system they developed. In July, Seville became the first city in the world to give a heat wave a name: <a href="https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/zoe-becomes-the-worlds-first-named-heat-wave/">Zoe</a>. Spanish authorities ranked the heat wave at Category 3, indicating the highest level of risk.
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</p>
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Sin7wt">
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Categorizing heat waves isn’t easy. “The same heat wave can create very different impacts depending upon when and where it occurs,” said Larry Kalkstein, Arsht-Rock’s chief heat science adviser and president of Applied Climatologists, Inc, a climatology lab that studies the effects of extreme weather on human health. “You can have two cities with almost identical weather, and you’ll still need two different categories.”
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</p>
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="oZqYmp">
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New York City and Philadelphia, for example, are close enough to each other that they tend to experience similar weather conditions on most days, but local conditions make a difference to how the residents of each city experience heat. That means heat waves can’t simply be categorized by temperature.
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</p>
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="pCJk2X">
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The National Weather Service uses a metric called the <a href="https://www.weather.gov/ama/heatindex">Heat Index</a> that combines relative humidity with air temperature to give an idea of how heat actually feels, and an accompanying chart provides an idea of what effect that heat will have on the body. But while the heat index provides a better understanding of how heat might feel, it’s essentially an enhancement of the temperatures we already know. That means it runs the risk of being just as easy to ignore or underestimate.
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</p>
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="YRC9BW">
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Kalkstein and his colleagues instead developed a system that looks at historical weather and mortality data from past heat waves to determine what combination of weather conditions — heat, humidity, overnight temperatures, cloud cover, and more — leads to the most excess deaths in a particular region. From there, they developed an algorithm that compares the conditions of an incoming heat wave against that data, determines its likelihood of causing excess deaths, and then issues a category based on expected mortality. The categories come with recommendations for steps cities and their citizens should take to safeguard from the heat.
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</p>
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="evXkMX">
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This is a notably different approach from most weather warning systems. Meteorological agencies usually issue warnings based on weather conditions alone. Hurricanes, for example, are solely <a href="https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/aboutsshws.php">classified according to wind speed</a>.
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</p>
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="g5uvcg">
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“We’re suggesting an approach that is linking health and weather together,” said McLeod. “So there’s going to be obvious discomfort for meteorological agencies because they’re not health agencies. That’s a big change.”
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</p>
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<figure class="e-image">
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<img alt="A triangle labeled “extreme temperatures categorisation” with numbers from 0 to 3 on the left side, and labels on the right that describe the impacts felt in each category from top to bottom." src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/s8gjTc4h7sQJkbJRBVu-heqVmcU=/800x0/filters:no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23933933/Athens_categories.png"/> <cite>Courtesy Adrienne Arsht-Rockefeller Foundation Resilience Center</cite>
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<figcaption>
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A mockup of the heat wave categorization system used by Athens, Greece.
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</figcaption>
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</figure>
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="HTLTTD">
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The idea is already getting some pushback. In July, the World Meteorological Organization (WMO), a UN agency that coordinates weather data and planning across the world, released a <a href="https://public.wmo.int/en/media/news/wmo-has-no-immediate-plans-name-heatwaves">statement</a> saying it had no plans to name heat waves.
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</p>
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="ChEbMP">
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“What has been established for tropical cyclone events may not necessarily translate easily across to heatwaves,” the agency said. “Caution should be exercised when comparing or applying lessons or protocols from one hazard type to another, due to the important differences in the physical nature and impacts of storms and heatwaves.”
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</p>
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="bhkojo">
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A <a href="https://journals.ametsoc.org/view/journals/wcas/9/4/wcas-d-16-0037_1.xml">2017 study</a> showed that naming winter storms — as the Weather Channel started doing in the US in the 2010s despite <a href="https://www.theatlantic.com/national/archive/2013/02/accuweather-nemo-blizzard-name/318539/">pushback from the National Weather Service</a> — didn’t necessarily raise awareness of the storms, though that study’s sample size was limited to a few hundred college students. But pushing ahead with names and categories risks undermining the WMO and country-level agencies like the National Weather Service, according to Kristie Ebi, founding director of the University of Washington’s <a href="https://deohs.washington.edu/change/">Center for Health and the Global Environment</a>.
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</p>
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="BXHz5M">
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The system for naming and categorizing hurricanes is overseen by the WMO, which allows for cross-border coordination. Ebi said a system like Arsht-Rock’s, which is collaborating with some national meteorological offices but not with the WMO, raises questions of who people should listen to in case of extreme weather. “Are we not supposed to listen to the National Weather Service in cities that are doing something different?” Ebi asked.
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</p>
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="k7fC6l">
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There’s also a risk that giving heat waves names could prove counterproductive in the face of every other climate disaster we’re bound to experience. We already name fires and hurricanes, Marlon pointed out, and giving names to every natural disaster could create a confusing jumble of names that risk being blown out of proportion by an attention-hungry media.
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</p>
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="lLw45G">
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For the climatologists at Arsht-Rock, the best-case scenario is to avoid that problem by simply having organizations like the WMO adopt their system. The idea is that their pilot program would collect evidence about whether the names and categories do or do not work. More than anything else, said McLeod, they see the categories as a system of communication that will help people understand when they’re in danger and what kind of precautions they need to take.
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</p>
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="1D9i83">
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“Institutions change slowly,” said McLeod. “We think that the conditions and the death tolls push us to accelerate what we’re doing to save lives as soon as we can.”
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</p>
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="RPcA7f">
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If their pilot shows naming heat waves isn’t very effective, the climatologists will drop that part of their plans. But if naming does<em> </em>prove to be effective and organizations like the WMO still decide not to adopt them, McLeod said, they’ll continue working with whatever governments do want to use the system — exactly what Ebi and the WMO are afraid of.
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</p>
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="GQoRuX">
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Whatever happens, it’s clear we need to change how we talk about heat waves. ”I think there’s lots of creative ways to start raising awareness,” Ebi said. “We have to try to get people to really understand those risks. Nobody needs to die in a heat wave.”
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</p></li>
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<li><strong>Don’t quash your envy — harness it</strong> -
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<figure>
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<img alt="A brightly colored illustration of a woman with wavy hair and an unhappy expression, looking at a phone screen showing two happy-looking people in a photo on social media." src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/FxQr-FTUNpL9t6xj8bhiI87l4jU=/375x0:2626x1688/1310x983/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_image/image/71227616/STORY_7_SET_2.0.jpg"/>
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<figcaption>
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Shanée Benjamin for Vox
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</figcaption>
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</figure>
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
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Let envy be a motivator instead of holding you back.
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</p>
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="d47bMu">
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There are many human emotions we’re told are unsavory. Seven of them have even been lumped together and deemed deadly: pride, greed, lust, envy, gluttony, wrath, and sloth.
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</p>
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="eJr6xg">
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Not only does society cast these sentiments in a negative light, but they aren’t super fun to experience, either. Envy, in particular, is one feeling we don’t enjoy sitting with for long. It’s uncomfortable to feel covetous or less-than when someone in our circle has something we want, like a supportive group of friends or a rewarding career. When everyone we know — and many people we don’t — constantly broadcast their wins and extravagances online, envy can rear its head more frequently than we’d like.
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</p>
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="IaLcU5">
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Envy shouldn’t be confused with jealousy. “Envy is about things that are important for us,” says <a href="https://www.iopsych-baruch.com/yochi-cohencharash">Yochi Cohen-Charash</a>, a psychology professor at Baruch College, “and the target of envy will always be somebody who is comparable to us.”
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</p>
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="pz8DdE">
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The people we are truly envious of will often be of a <a href="https://ucsdnews.ucsd.edu/pressrelease/whos_the_enviest_of_them_all">similar age and the same gender</a> as us, and never people far out of our social stratum, like a celebrity or socialite. The specific things we covet closely relate to our self-identity, which is why others’ successes and relationships can make us feel so lousy; we want them, too. Higher social standing — respect and admiration from others — as opposed to material items is among the most common objects of envy, a group of international <a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.513495/full">researchers found in 2020</a>. Jealousy, on the other hand, refers to the anxiety of losing your accomplishments, status, or partner <a href="https://www.psychologytoday.com/gb/blog/hide-and-seek/201408/the-psychology-and-philosophy-envy">to another person</a>. Jealousy factors in the feelings of external parties; envy is internal.
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</p>
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="A035bg">
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Envy takes two forms, says <a href="https://scs.georgetown.edu/faculty/4120910/w-parrott">Gerrod Parrott</a>, a psychology professor at Georgetown University: malicious envy, and non-malicious or benign envy. Malicious envy involves hostility or resentment toward another person who has it better than us. “The motivation is to try to take away what they have or to undermine their success or happiness,” Parrott says.
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</p>
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="19WQam">
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Non-malicious envy focuses more on the objects of our desire — a large family, the financial ability to buy a home — and digging into how the other person achieved those goals. “The malicious, sinful kind is really directed at pulling the other person down to your level,” Parrott says. “Whereas [with] the more benign form, the motivation is more trying to improve yourself and do better to attain what the other person has already attained.”
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</p>
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="ShIjbR">
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Where jealousy can mean going on the offensive in the name of self-preservation, envy allows for introspection, an internal process that can help us zero in on goals and provide a road map for achieving them.
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</p>
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<h3 id="M3jmv7">
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Admitting envy
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</h3>
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="XzV2wc">
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Perhaps the most difficult aspect of using envy as a force for good is admitting we’re envious in the first place, Cohen-Charash says. For example, initially we might find it unfair when a sibling has attention bestowed on them for getting engaged when our accomplishments are seemingly overlooked. The root of this thought is, in fact, envy. Rather than admit we didn’t measure up in some way, it’s easier on our ego to paint the situation as an injustice. (The envy-inducing situation can definitely be unfair, too, Cohen-Charash notes.) Without acknowledging our envy, however, we’re unable to deal with it in productive ways and instead may stew in feelings of<strong> </strong>resentment or inferiority. “Admitting it to yourself, actually, grounds you in a more realistic perspective,” Parrott says. “Then, maybe move on to thinking of ways in which you can do better.”
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</p>
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="R8QQ0M">
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Sometimes just recognizing envy can alert us to goals or milestones we never thought we wanted, Parrott says. The pang of envy felt when third-wheeling with a friend and their partner can be an indicator of our own desire for a romantic relationship; the sense of inferiority experienced after eating a delicious home-cooked meal prepared by our amateur chef cousin may be a sign we’d like to improve our own skills in the kitchen.
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</p>
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="uYrYIq">
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Owning up to envy needn’t be a shameful or even public endeavor. While expressing feelings of envy to a friend or therapist can be cathartic, people very rarely open up to the subject of their envy, Cohen-Charash says. In fact, this may not always be helpful. “I would ask, what do you expect or want to happen if you do?” says marriage and family therapist <a href="https://www.emilysimonian.com/">Emily Simonian</a>. “Do I think that they’re going to say something that’s going to make me feel better? Am I looking for consolation? Or do I want their advice?”
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</p>
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="a7Z8zV">
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More often than not, Simonian says to err on the side of privacy when faced with admitting envy to the source. Confiding in an outside person can provide an objective perspective and validation, helping anchor you to reality, Parrott says, either justifying the envy and helping us move forward constructively or taking the personal sting out of the emotion.
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</p>
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<h3 id="bRQ6i2">
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Let envy serve as a motivator
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</h3>
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="N7Xvwp">
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Instead of letting malicious envy fuel us and engaging in a bit of schadenfreude when those we’re envious of stumble, use covetousness as a goal-setting tool. To determine if our envy motivates us to act maliciously or benignly, Simonian says to try filling in the blank: “I’m envious and it makes me want to …” Cry? Tarnish someone’s reputation? Better yourself?
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</p>
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="oVHSfj">
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Unpleasant emotions, like anxiety and, yes, envy, are functional, Cohen-Charash says, alerting us to situations that need to change. Envy, for instance, warns us of “a situation in which we are [performing at] a lower level in things that are important for us,” Cohen-Charash says. It can also motivate people to better themselves and achieve success, <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8578062/">studies show</a>. If we’re envious of a coworker’s swift rise within the company ranks, this can be fuel to pursue our own professional success.
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</p>
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="JTYytw">
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Look to those we’re envious of, Parrott says, as a road map or role model for how to achieve goals. “How did they get that? What are they doing that I’m not?” he says. “Then you can imitate or emulate that other person’s methods, techniques, ideas, moves, and what have you to, in fact, be better yourself in some way.” It can be helpful to write out a list of steps or benchmarks to make a lofty goal less intimidating, Simonian says.
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</p>
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="FelceI">
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However, no amount of hard work or manifestation can bless us with generational wealth, inherent talents, or a colossal salary overnight. The envy we possess over a rich friend’s nice new car provides few signposts for how to attain one ourselves if we struggle to make ends meet. To soften the blow, Cohen-Charash says it’s helpful to compare ourselves with the subject of our envy in areas where we excel over the other person. The person with the nice car might be terrible at driving and constantly get parking tickets.
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="CszkGN">
|
||
“If you can remember that everybody has their story and everybody has their problems and challenges,” Cohen-Charash says, “and we can find a situation in which we are doing better than them, that can already help us feel less frustrated, less envious, because we immediately see that it’s not the whole picture.”
|
||
</p>
|
||
<h3 id="G0JyRd">
|
||
Reframing envy
|
||
</h3>
|
||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="yqE0b7">
|
||
In the event that envy has turned malicious, there are ways to lessen the sting. Simonian says to consider that two seemingly opposing facts can both be true. We can be cognizant of our longing for a new job while also accepting the role we currently have.
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="zu03UN">
|
||
Resentment occurs when envy persists without any action, Simonian says, so we need to dig deeper to root out causes of constant envy. She advises considering the question: “Are there things that I haven’t processed that are holding me back, or keeping me from being able to let these normal envious feelings kind of roll off my back?” We could be stewing in ongoing feelings of inadequacy based on past experiences. “Maybe I previously was fired from a job and that’s a sore spot for me,” she says. “So the promotion that I feel envious about really is hitting a pain point.”
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="bQL4LB">
|
||
Learning to simply appreciate the achievements of others can be reward enough, Parrott says — even if the others in question aren’t exactly your peers. “I’m never going to be an Olympic gymnast, and I can watch the Olympic gymnastics people and say, ‘Wow, that’s terrific and I’m glad it’s there in the world,’” Parrott says. “And I don’t feel like I immediately need to go start practicing on the pommel horse.”
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="tSnA8H">
|
||
<a href="http://www.vox.com/even-better"><em>Even Better</em></a><em> is here to offer deeply sourced, actionable advice for helping you live a better life. Do you have a question on money and work; friends, family, and community; or personal growth and health? Send us your question by filling out this </em><a href="https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSfiStGSlsWDBmglim7Dh1Y9Hy386rkeKGpfwF6BCjmgnZdqfQ/viewform"><em>form</em></a><em>. We might turn it into a story.</em>
|
||
</p></li>
|
||
<li><strong>There are two factions working to prevent AI dangers. Here’s why they’re deeply divided.</strong> -
|
||
<figure>
|
||
<img alt="" src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/IN9HAzwivaX6aaG_Secjt_zmi-8=/282x0:4793x3383/1310x983/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_image/image/71227521/1242023084.0.jpg"/>
|
||
<figcaption>
|
||
Artificial intelligence systems are getting more and more impressive. The people who work on ensuring they have good effects are beset by internal squabbling. | Stefani Reynolds/AFP via Getty Images
|
||
</figcaption>
|
||
</figure>
|
||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
|
||
AI poses present risks and future ones. Why don’t the teams that work on them get along?
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="62kx6C">
|
||
There are teams of <a href="https://www.schwarzmancentre.ox.ac.uk/ethicsinai">researchers in academia</a> and at <a href="https://ai.google/principles/">major AI labs</a> these days working on the problem of AI ethics, or the moral concerns raised by AI systems. These efforts tend to be especially focused on data privacy concerns and on what is known as AI bias — AI systems that, using training data with bias often built in, produce racist or sexist results, such as <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/2019/11/11/apple-card-algorithm-sparks-gender-bias-allegations-against-goldman-sachs/">refusing women credit card limits they’d grant a man with identical qualifications</a>.
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="dZEL8o">
|
||
There are also teams of <a href="https://www.fhi.ox.ac.uk/aia-fellowship/">researchers in academia</a> and <a href="https://openai.com/alignment/">at some</a> (though fewer) AI labs that are working on the problem of <a href="https://intelligence.org/2016/12/28/ai-alignment-why-its-hard-and-where-to-start/">AI alignment</a>. This is the risk that, as our AI systems become more powerful, our oversight methods and training approaches will be more and more meaningless for the task of getting them to do what we actually want. Ultimately, we’ll have handed humanity’s future over to systems with goals and priorities we don’t understand and can no longer influence.
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="eDe7MF">
|
||
Today, that often means that AI ethicists and those in AI alignment are working on similar problems. Improving the understanding of the internal workings of today’s AI systems is one approach to solving AI alignment, and is crucial for understanding when and where models are being misleading or discriminatory.
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="uGsb69">
|
||
And in some ways, AI alignment is just the <a href="https://www.vox.com/future-perfect/22916602/ai-bias-fairness-tradeoffs-artificial-intelligence">problem of AI bias</a> writ (terrifyingly) large: We are assigning more societal decision-making power to systems that we don’t fully understand and can’t always audit, and that lawmakers don’t know nearly well enough to effectively regulate.
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="L8XXat">
|
||
As <a href="https://www.vox.com/future-perfect/2022/8/3/23288843/deepmind-alphafold-artificial-intelligence-biology-drugs-medicine-demis-hassabis">impressive as modern artificial intelligence</a> can seem, right now those AI systems are, in a sense, “stupid.” They tend to have very narrow scope and limited computing power. To the extent they can cause harm, they mostly do so either by <a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/5-algorithms-that-demonstrate-artificial-intelligence-bias/#:~:text=For%20example%2C%20Amazon%20found%20out,also%20favored%20men%20over%20women.">replicating the harms</a> in the data sets used to train them or through <a href="https://www.belfercenter.org/publication/coming-ai-hackers">deliberate misuse by bad actors</a>.
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="0tz5En">
|
||
But AI won’t stay stupid forever, because lots of people are working diligently to make it as smart as possible.
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="a73Qnh">
|
||
Part of what makes current AI systems limited in the dangers they pose is that they don’t have a good model of the world. Yet teams are working to train models that <em>do</em> have a good understanding of the world. The other reason current systems are limited is that they aren’t integrated with the levers of power in our world — but other teams are trying very hard to build AI-powered drones, bombs, factories, and precision manufacturing tools.
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="IYuB04">
|
||
That dynamic — where we’re pushing ahead to make AI systems smarter and smarter, without really understanding their goals or having a good way to audit or monitor them — sets us up for disaster.
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="cNdc0Y">
|
||
And not in the distant future, but as soon as a few decades from now. That’s why it’s crucial to have AI ethics research focused on managing the implications of modern AI, and AI alignment research focused on preparing for powerful future systems.
|
||
</p>
|
||
<h3 id="TPM48c">
|
||
Not just two sides of the same coin
|
||
</h3>
|
||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="7ZrlyL">
|
||
So do these two groups of experts charged with making AI safe actually get along?
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="023Aho">
|
||
Hahaha, no.
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="ywWQqT">
|
||
These are two camps, and they’re two camps that sometimes stridently dislike each other.
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="kJ5jGw">
|
||
From the perspective of people working on AI ethics, experts focusing on alignment are ignoring real problems we already experience today in favor of obsessing over future problems that might never come to be. Often, the alignment camp doesn’t even know what problems the ethics people are working on.
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="oPOZcy">
|
||
“Some people who work on longterm/AGI-style policy tend to ignore, minimize, or just not consider the immediate problems of AI deployment/harms,” Jack Clark, co-founder of the <a href="https://www.anthropic.com/">AI safety research lab Anthropic</a> and former policy director at OpenAI,<a href="https://twitter.com/jackclarkSF/status/1555990394545905665"> wrote</a> this weekend.
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="A9oYXf">
|
||
From the perspective of many AI alignment people, however, lots of <a href="https://www.technologyreview.com/2019/12/27/57/ai-ethics-washing-time-to-act/">“ethics” </a>work at top AI labs is <a href="https://twitter.com/jackclarkSF/status/1555980661499908096">basically just glorified public relations</a>, chiefly designed so tech companies can say they’re concerned about ethics and avoid embarrassing PR snafus — but doing nothing to change the big-picture trajectory of AI development. In surveys of AI ethics experts, most say they <a href="https://www.pewresearch.org/internet/2021/06/16/experts-doubt-ethical-ai-design-will-be-broadly-adopted-as-the-norm-within-the-next-decade/">don’t expect development practices at top companies</a> to change to prioritize moral and societal concerns.
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Elb8SD">
|
||
(To be clear, many AI alignment people <a href="https://www.alignmentforum.org/posts/GNhMPAWcfBCASy8e6/a-central-ai-alignment-problem-capabilities-generalization"><em>also </em>direct</a> this complaint at others in the alignment camp. Lots of people are working on making AI systems more powerful and more dangerous, with various justifications for how this helps learn how to make them safer. From a more pessimistic perspective, nearly all AI ethics, AI safety, and AI alignment work is really just work on building more powerful AIs — but with better PR.)
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="lYw37w">
|
||
Many AI ethics researchers, for their part, say they’d love to do more but are stymied by corporate cultures that don’t take them very seriously and don’t treat their work as a key technical priority, as former Google AI ethics researcher Meredith Whittaker <a href="https://twitter.com/mer__edith/status/1287399438558924800">noted in a tweet</a>:
|
||
</p>
|
||
<div id="CM6CFT">
|
||
<blockquote class="twitter-tweet">
|
||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" dir="ltr" lang="en">
|
||
I have an AI ethics joke but it has to be approved by PR, legal, and our partners in the Department of Defense before I can tell it.
|
||
</p>
|
||
— Meredith Whittaker (<span class="citation" data-cites="mer__edith">@mer__edith</span>) <a href="https://twitter.com/mer__edith/status/1287399438558924800?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">July 26, 2020</a>
|
||
</blockquote></div></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
<h3 id="U68Zze">
|
||
A healthier AI ecosystem
|
||
</h3>
|
||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="2Om0Uy">
|
||
The AI ethics/AI alignment battle doesn’t have to exist. After all, climate researchers studying the present-day effects of warming don’t tend to bitterly condemn climate researchers studying long-term effects, and researchers working on <a href="https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.2108146119">projecting the worst-case scenarios</a> don’t tend to claim that anyone working on heat waves today is wasting time.
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="VA6Y29">
|
||
You could easily imagine a world where the AI field was similar — and much healthier for it.
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="bgG7T3">
|
||
Why<em> isn’t </em>that the world we’re in?
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="b6ljce">
|
||
My instinct is that the AI infighting is related to the very limited public understanding of what’s happening with artificial intelligence. When public attention and resources feel scarce, people find wrongheaded projects threatening — after all, those other projects are getting engagement that comes at the expense of their own.
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="xznFVH">
|
||
Lots of people — even lots of AI researchers — do not take concerns about the safety impacts of their work <a href="https://twitter.com/jackclarkSF/status/1555997727099535361">very seriously</a>.
|
||
</p>
|
||
<div id="APBBAD">
|
||
<blockquote class="twitter-tweet">
|
||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" dir="ltr" lang="en">
|
||
At the different large-scale labs (where large-scale = multiple thousands of GPUs), there are different opinions among leadership on how important safety is. Some people care about safety a lot, some people barely care about it. If safety issues turn out to be real, uh oh!
|
||
</p>
|
||
— Jack Clark (<span class="citation" data-cites="jackclarkSF">@jackclarkSF</span>) <a href="https://twitter.com/jackclarkSF/status/1555997727099535361?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">August 6, 2022</a>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="enSOm9">
|
||
Sometimes leaders dismiss long-term safety concerns out of a sincere conviction that AI will be very good for the world, so the moral thing to do is to speed full ahead on development.
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="pMlOLJ">
|
||
Sometimes it’s out of the conviction that AI <a href="https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/artificial-general-intelligence-is-not-as-imminent-as-you-might-think1/">isn’t going to be transformative at all,</a> at least not in our lifetimes, and so there’s no need for all this fuss.
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="RqKWpU">
|
||
Sometimes, though, it’s out of cynicism — experts know how powerful AI is likely to be, and they <a href="https://twitter.com/jackclarkSF/status/1555982269864505344">don’t want oversight or accountability</a> because <a href="https://twitter.com/jackclarkSF/status/1555984714422317058">they think they’re superior to any institution that would hold them accountable</a>.
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="dmez0K">
|
||
The public is only dimly aware that experts have serious safety concerns about advanced AI systems, and most people have no idea which projects are priorities for long-term AI alignment success, which are concerns related to AI bias, and what exactly AI ethicists do all day, anyway. Internally, AI ethics people are often siloed and isolated at the organizations where they work, and have to battle just to get their colleagues to take their work seriously.
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="PXAoPY">
|
||
It’s these big-picture gaps with AI as a field that, in my view, drive most of the divides between short-term and long-term AI safety researchers. In a healthy field, there’s plenty of room for people to work on different problems.
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="qkAw5c">
|
||
But in a field struggling to define itself and fearing it’s not positioned to achieve anything at all? Not so much.
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="xiFOTT">
|
||
<em>A version of this story was initially published in the Future Perfect newsletter. </em><a href="https://confirmsubscription.com/h/d/A2BA26698741513A"><em><strong>Sign up here to subscribe!</strong></em></a>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-the-hindu-sports">From The Hindu: Sports</h1>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>ICC T20 Rankings: Yadav stays no. 2, Iyer moves up; Bishnoi, Kuldeep also see remarkable rise</strong> - The batting list is headed by Pakistan's Babar Azam.</p></li>
|
||
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Bhavani wins gold</strong> -</p></li>
|
||
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Chennai boomerang champ set to represent India on global stage</strong> - Chennai-based Philip Sathyaraj is part of a three-member team representing the country in the World Boomerang Championships</p></li>
|
||
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>CWG 2022 | Hard to digest but need to move on: Harmanpreet Singh on India's hockey final loss</strong> - India lost 0-7 against Australia in the gold medal match of Commonwealth Games in Birmingham</p></li>
|
||
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Fans make it a Chess Olympiad to remember</strong> - If the Chess Olympiad became a resounding success, the fans of Chennai are also a reason for that</p></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-the-hindu-national-news">From The Hindu: National News</h1>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Music varsity to introduce courses in tribal music and dance</strong> - Institutional documentation of tribal art forms in the offing</p></li>
|
||
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>ICAR develops vaccine for Lumpy Skin Disease in cattle</strong> - As of August 8, the disease has spread to Rajasthan, Gujarat, Punjab, Himachal Pradesh, Andaman & Nicobar and Uttarakhand</p></li>
|
||
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Rise in stray dog menace in Kollam Corporation</strong> - Failure in ABC implementation leads to increase in aggressive packs, bites</p></li>
|
||
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Assam hikes daily wages of tea garden workers by ₹27</strong> - The decision to revise the wages was taken in a meeting among Assam Chief Minister Himanta Biswa Sarma, representatives of tea associations and workers’ unions.</p></li>
|
||
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Stalin hands over cheques for ₹1 crore each to medal-winning Indian chess teams</strong> - It is a matter of pride to the country, says the Chief Minister</p></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-bbc-europe">From BBC: Europe</h1>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Ukraine war must end with liberation of Crimea – Zelensky</strong> - Ukraine’s president devotes nightly address to Crimea after explosions rock a Russian airbase there.</p></li>
|
||
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Ex-inmates reveal details of Russia prison rape scandal</strong> - Former prisoners expose how and why rape is being used as a weapon inside Russian jails.</p></li>
|
||
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>France whale: Beluga put down during dramatic rescue mission</strong> - French officials say the whale’s condition worsened as it was being moved from the Seine to the sea.</p></li>
|
||
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Robert Pope: Guinness-fuelled man runs width of Ireland in a day</strong> - Robert Pope ran the almost 130-mile route from Galway to Dublin in just 23 hours and 41 minutes.</p></li>
|
||
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Ukraine conflict: Ban Russian visitors, Zelensky urges West</strong> - Ukraine’s call for a widespread ban has also been supported by Estonia, Latvia and Finland.</p></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-ars-technica">From Ars Technica</h1>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Everything you need to know about the monkeypox health emergency</strong> - Global cases have topped 30,000, and the US is scrambling to vaccinate thousands. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1872452">link</a></p></li>
|
||
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Phishers who breached Twilio and fooled Cloudflare could easily get you, too</strong> - Unusually resourced threat actor has targeted multiple companies in recent days. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1872696">link</a></p></li>
|
||
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>These researchers watched dead fish rot for 70 days—for science</strong> - Yes, there were probes—including an anal probe. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1872329">link</a></p></li>
|
||
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>New Google site begs Apple for mercy in messaging war</strong> - Google is tired of losing so badly to iMessage, so it wants Apple to adopt RCS. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1872402">link</a></p></li>
|
||
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Teen’s jailing shows exactly how Facebook will help anti-abortion states</strong> - A teen shared one message, then cops requested all her data without her consent. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1872574">link</a></p></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-jokes-subreddit">From Jokes Subreddit</h1>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><strong>A: Why are you so sad?</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF -->
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<div class="md">
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
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B: I was watching porn and all of a sudden my wife opened the door.
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</p>
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
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A: Ok I see, but is that really such a big deal?
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</p>
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
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B: I mean, she opened the door in the movie
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</p>
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</div>
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<!-- SC_ON -->
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/OutrageousCancel3000"> /u/OutrageousCancel3000 </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/wkptf3/a_why_are_you_so_sad/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/wkptf3/a_why_are_you_so_sad/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
|
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<li><strong>My friend Ty came first in the Beijing marathon, but he wasn’t awarded the gold medal.</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF -->
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<div class="md">
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
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The Chinese refuse to acknowledge Ty won.
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</p>
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</div>
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<!-- SC_ON -->
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/porichoygupto"> /u/porichoygupto </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/wkky1d/my_friend_ty_came_first_in_the_beijing_marathon/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/wkky1d/my_friend_ty_came_first_in_the_beijing_marathon/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
|
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<li><strong>Be Careful What You Wish For</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF -->
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<div class="md">
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
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Two prawns were swimming around in the sea one day. The first one was called Justin and the second one was called Kristian. They were continually being chased and threatened by the sharks that inhabited the area.
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</p>
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
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Eventually Justin had had enough. He said to Kristian, “I’m fed up with being a prawn. I wish I was a shark, and then I wouldn’t have to worry about being eaten all the time.”
|
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</p>
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
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As he said this, a large mysterious cod appeared and said, “Your wish is granted!”
|
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</p>
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
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And believe it or not, with that Justin turned into a fearsome shark.
|
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</p>
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
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Kristian was horrified and so immediately swam away as he was scared of being eaten by his old friend.
|
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</p>
|
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
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As time went by, Justin found his new life as a shark to be boring and lonely. None of his old friends would let him get near them as they thought he would eat them and so they just swam away whenever he approached.
|
||
</p>
|
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
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It took a while, but eventually Justin realized that his new menacing appearance was the cause of his sad plight.
|
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</p>
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
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Then one day he was swimming all alone as usual when he saw the mysterious cod again. He thought it’d be better if he could go back to his old life so he swam to the cod and begged to be changed back. The cod worked his magic and suddenly Justin was a prawn once more.
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
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With tears of joy streaming down his cheeks Justin swam straight to Kristian’s home.
|
||
</p>
|
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
|
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As he opened the coral gate, the happy memories came flooding back. He banged on the door and shouted, “Kristian, it’s me, Justin, your old friend. Come out and see me again.”
|
||
</p>
|
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
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Kristian replied, “No way! You’re a shark now and you’ll just eat me. I’m not being tricked into being your dinner.”
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
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Justin shouted back "No, I’m not a shark any more. That was the old me. I’ve changed…
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
|
||
I’ve found Cod. I’m a prawn again Kristian."
|
||
</p>
|
||
</div>
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||
<!-- SC_ON -->
|
||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/CrackerJack_6E"> /u/CrackerJack_6E </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/wknmxi/be_careful_what_you_wish_for/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/wknmxi/be_careful_what_you_wish_for/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
|
||
<li><strong>My Tinder bio says that I have a corner office with views of the entire city, drive a $500,000 vehicle, and that I’m paid to travel</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF -->
|
||
<div class="md">
|
||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
|
||
You should see the faces my dates make when I tell them I’m a bus driver
|
||
</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<!-- SC_ON -->
|
||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/coffeemonstermonster"> /u/coffeemonstermonster </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/wkpn45/my_tinder_bio_says_that_i_have_a_corner_office/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/wkpn45/my_tinder_bio_says_that_i_have_a_corner_office/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
|
||
<li><strong>My mate broke his leg so I went to see him at home. I walked in and what do I see?</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF -->
|
||
<div class="md">
|
||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
|
||
He had two gorgeous older sisters, and they’re twins! I had never met them before, apparently they live at the uni and were visiting, but I ignored this and I went up to my friend’s room,
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
|
||
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
|
||
“How are you mate?” I said.
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
|
||
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
|
||
“Yeah I’m okay. But do me a favour mate. Go fetch my socks from downstairs. My feet are freezing.” he tells me.
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
|
||
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
|
||
So I rushed downstairs and found his two sisters perched up on the couch, right where his socks lay.
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
|
||
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
|
||
I say to them, “Your brother has sent me down here to have sex with both of you”
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
|
||
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
|
||
They respond “Get away with ya… Prove it.”
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
|
||
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
|
||
I shouted upstairs, “Hey, mate! Both of them?”
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
|
||
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
|
||
He shouted back “Of course both of them! What’s the point in fucking one?”
|
||
</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<!-- SC_ON -->
|
||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/Krahysis"> /u/Krahysis </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/wk4lpt/my_mate_broke_his_leg_so_i_went_to_see_him_at/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/wk4lpt/my_mate_broke_his_leg_so_i_went_to_see_him_at/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
|
||
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