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178 lines
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<title>15 July, 2022</title>
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<title>Covid-19 Sentry</title><meta content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" name="viewport"/><link href="styles/simple.css" rel="stylesheet"/><link href="../styles/simple.css" rel="stylesheet"/><link href="https://unpkg.com/aos@2.3.1/dist/aos.css" rel="stylesheet"/><script src="https://unpkg.com/aos@2.3.1/dist/aos.js"></script></head>
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<h1 data-aos="fade-down" id="covid-19-sentry">Covid-19 Sentry</h1>
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<h1 data-aos="fade-right" data-aos-anchor-placement="top-bottom" id="contents">Contents</h1>
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<ul>
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<li><a href="#from-preprints">From Preprints</a></li>
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<li><a href="#from-clinical-trials">From Clinical Trials</a></li>
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<li><a href="#from-pubmed">From PubMed</a></li>
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<li><a href="#from-patent-search">From Patent Search</a></li>
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</ul>
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<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-preprints">From Preprints</h1>
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<li><strong>A deep learning solution for NAFLD screening diagnosis</strong> -
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<div>
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NAFLD is reported to be the only hepatic ailment increasing in its prevalence concurrently with both; obesity & T2DM. In the wake of a massive strain on global health resources due to COVID 19 pandemic, NAFLD is bound to be neglected & shelved. Abdominal ultrasonography is done for NAFLD screening diagnosis which has a high monetary cost associated with it. We present a deep learning model that requires only easy-to-measure anthropometric measures for coming up with a screening diagnosis for NAFLD with very high accuracy. Further studies are suggested to validate the generalization of the presented model.
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</div>
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<div class="article-link article-html-link">
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://osf.io/j6tcy/" target="_blank">A deep learning solution for NAFLD screening diagnosis</a>
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</div></li>
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<li><strong>SARS-CoV-2 causes brain inflammation via impaired neuro-immune interactions</strong> -
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<div>
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The brain inflammation that frequently occurs in SARS-CoV-2 is the cause of neurological complications and long COVID. However, many aspects of its pathogenesis mechanism remain unknown and no method of treatment has been established. By administering a non-proliferating adenovirus vector expressing SARS-CoV-2 S1 protein into the nasal cavity of mice, we developed a mouse model (S1 mouse) reproducing brain inflammation, fatigue, depressive symptoms, and lung inflammation. Having intracellular calcium elevating activity, S1 protein increased olfactory bulb apoptosis, and reduced the number of acetylcholine producing cells in the medial septal and the diagonal band of Broca as well as the amount of acetylcholine in the brain. This resulted in disrupting the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway (CAP) and enhancing inflammation in the brain. Previously, nothing was known about anti-inflammatory factors in the CAP but we discovered that, in the inflammation occurring in the S1 mouse brain, the action of the RNA binding protein ZFP36 in degrading inflammatory cytokine mRNA was impaired. The symptoms exhibited by the S1 mouse were improved by administering donepezil, a drug with a cholinergic action used in the treatment of dementia. These findings clarify the mechanism of brain inflammation in COVID-19 and indicate the possibility of applying donepezil in the treatment of neurological complications in COVID-19 and long COVID.
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</div>
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<div class="article-link article-html-link">
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.07.13.499991v1" target="_blank">SARS-CoV-2 causes brain inflammation via impaired neuro-immune interactions</a>
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</div></li>
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<li><strong>Optimised non-coding regions of mRNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccine CV2CoV improves homogeneous and heterogenous neutralising antibody responses</strong> -
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<div>
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More than two years after the emergence of SARS-CoV-2, 33 COVID-19 vaccines, based on different platforms, have been approved in 197 countries. Novel variants that are less efficiently neutralised by antibodies raised against ancestral SARS-CoV-2 are circulating, highlighting the need to adapt vaccination strategies. Here, we compare the immunogenicity of a first-generation mRNA vaccine candidate, CVnCoV, with a second-generation mRNA vaccine candidate, CV2CoV, in rats. Higher levels of spike (S) protein expression were observed in cell culture with CV2CoV mRNA than with CVnCoV mRNA. Vaccination with CV2CoV also induced higher titres of virus neutralising antibodies with accelerated kinetics in rats compared with CVnCoV. Significant cross-neutralization of the SARS-CoV-2 variants, Alpha (B.1.1.7), Beta (B.1.351), and the mink variant (B1.1.298) that were circulating at the time in early 2021 was also demonstrated. In addition, CV2CoV induced higher levels of antibodies at lower doses than CVnCoV, suggesting that dose-sparing could be possible with the next generation SARS-CoV-2 vaccine which could improve worldwide vaccine supply.
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</div>
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<div class="article-link article-html-link">
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.13.443734v2" target="_blank">Optimised non-coding regions of mRNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccine CV2CoV improves homogeneous and heterogenous neutralising antibody responses</a>
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</div></li>
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<li><strong>Habits and reflective processes in COVID-19 transmission-reducing behaviours: examining theoretical predictions in a representative sample of the population of Scotland</strong> -
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<div>
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Background Based on theory, COVID-19 transmission-reducing behaviours (TRBs) should become habitual because of their frequent performance. Habits have been hypothesised to develop via sequential reflective and action control processes and, to act in concert with reflective processes. We investigated hypotheses concerning existence, development, and consequences (for adherence) of TRB habits. Methods A representative sample of the population of Scotland (N=1003), were interviewed by a commercial polling company in August- October 2020 and half re-interviewed later. Measures included adherence, habit, reflective processes and action control for three TRBs, and personal habitual style. Data were analysed using general linear modelling, regression and mediation analyses. Results Handwashing was more habitual than wearing face-covering and physical-distancing; only face-covering became more habitual over time. Personal style predicted TRB automaticity, and adherence to handwashing and physical distancing. Those reporting greater automaticity reported better adherence. Reflective and habit processes independently predicted adherence for physical-distancing and handwashing; only reflective processes were independently predictive for face-covering. The effect of planning and forgetting on adherence was partly direct, partly mediated by habit. Discussion Results confirm hypotheses from habit theory including the role of repetition and of personal style in developing habits. They are consistent with dual processing theory in finding that both reflective and habit processes predict adherence to TRBs. There was evidence of action planning mediating the effects of reflective processes, i.e., ‘planning to be habitual’. The COVID-19 pandemic has enabled the testing and confirmation of several theoretical hypotheses about habit processes in the enactment of TRBs.
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</div>
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<div class="article-link article-html-link">
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://psyarxiv.com/zp9xy/" target="_blank">Habits and reflective processes in COVID-19 transmission-reducing behaviours: examining theoretical predictions in a representative sample of the population of Scotland</a>
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</div></li>
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<li><strong>An experimental Covid-19 messaging study in a representative sample of the Scottish population: Increasing physical distancing intentions through self-efficacy.</strong> -
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<div>
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Background: Self-efficacy is important for adherence to transmission-reducing behaviours (e.g., physical distancing) as also shown in the [blinded] project. We aimed to show that a theory-based short message can increase physical distancing self-efficacy and intentions to physical distancing. Methods: Structured telephone surveys with a randomly selected nationally representative sample of adults in Scotland (N = 497). Participants were randomly assigned to one of two experimental conditions: message condition (short message to increase self-efficacy via vicarious experiences, verbal persuasion, and emotional arousal) or control condition (no message). Followed by measures for self-efficacy and intention for physical distancing on 4-point scales. Adherence to physical distancing was assessed on a 5-point frequency scale (never – always). Results: Using mediation analyses with bootstrapping procedures, we first confirmed that self-efficacy was associated indirectly with adherence, via higher intentions in a partial mediation (unstandardized indirect effect .21, 95% CI 0.18-0.25). The message increased self-efficacy; participants receiving the message reported higher self-efficacy (M = 4.23, SD = 0.80) compared to participants in the control condition (M = 4.08, SD = 0.77; standardised regression coefficient = .19, p < .05), and self-efficacy affected intention (.48, p<.001). There was a small significant indirect effect of the message on intention via self-efficacy (unstandardized indirect effect .07, CI 0.01-0.14). Conclusions: Increasing self-efficacy for physical distancing with a short message can successfully increase intention to physical distance via increased self-efficacy. As both self-efficacy and intentions are important predictors of adherence to transmission-reducing behaviours short messages have potential to limit the spread of Covid-19.
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</div>
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<div class="article-link article-html-link">
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://psyarxiv.com/txwc3/" target="_blank">An experimental Covid-19 messaging study in a representative sample of the Scottish population: Increasing physical distancing intentions through self-efficacy.</a>
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</div></li>
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<li><strong>Hospital admissions and mortality for acute exacerbations of COPD during the COVID-19 pandemic: a nationwide study in France</strong> -
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<div>
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Background: A global reduction in hospital admissions for acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) was observed during the first months of the COVID-19 pandemic. Large-scale studies covering the entire pandemic period are lacking. We investigated hospitalizations for AECOPD and the associated in-hospital mortality at the national level in France during the first two years of the pandemic. Methods: We used the French National Hospital Database to analyse the time trends in (1) monthly incidences of hospitalizations for AECOPD, considering intensive care unit (ICU) admission and COVID-19 diagnoses, and (2) the related in-hospital mortality, from January 2016 to November 2021. Pandemic years were compared with the pre-pandemic years using Poisson regressions. Results: The database included 565,890 hospitalizations for AECOPD during the study period. The median age at admission was 74 years (interquartile range 65-83), and 37% of the stays concerned women. We found: (1) a dramatic and sustainable decline in hospitalizations for AECOPD over the pandemic period (from 8,899 to 6,032 monthly admissions, relative risk (RR) 0.65, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.65-0.66), and (2) a concomitant increase in in-hospital mortality for AECOPD stays (from 6.2% to 7.6% per month, RR 1.24, 95% CI 1.21-1.27). The proportion of stays yielding ICU admission was similar in the pre-pandemic and pandemic years, 21.5% and 21.3%, respectively. In-hospital mortality increased to a greater extent for stays without ICU admission (RR 1.39, 95% CI 1.35-1.43) than for those with ICU admission (RR 1.09, 95% CI 1.05-1.13). Since January 2020, only 1.5% of stays were associated with a diagnosis of COVID-19, and their mortality rate was nearly 3-times higher than those without COVID-19 (RR 2.66, 95% CI 2.41-2.93). Conclusion: The decline in admissions for AECOPD during the pandemic could be attributed to a decrease in the incidence of exacerbations for COPD patients and/or to a possible shift from hospital to community care. The rise in in-hospital mortality is partially explained by COVID-19, and could be related to restricted access to ICUs for some patients and/or to greater proportions of severe cases among the patients hospitalized during the pandemic.
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</p>
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</div>
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<div class="article-link article-html-link">
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.07.11.22277259v1" target="_blank">Hospital admissions and mortality for acute exacerbations of COPD during the COVID-19 pandemic: a nationwide study in France</a>
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</div></li>
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<li><strong>Americans’ perceptions of privacy and surveillance in the COVID-19 Pandemic</strong> -
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<div>
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Objective To study the U.S. public’s attitudes toward surveillance measures aimed at curbing the spread of COVID-19, particularly smartphone applications (apps) that supplement traditional contact tracing. Method We deployed a survey of approximately 2,000 American adults to measure support for nine COVID-19 surveillance measures. We assessed attitudes toward contact tracing apps by manipulating six different attributes of a hypothetical app through a conjoint analysis experiment. Results A smaller percentage of respondents support the government encouraging everyone to download and use contact tracing apps (42%) compared with other surveillance measures such as enforcing temperature checks (62%), expanding traditional contact tracing (57%), carrying out centralized quarantine (49%), deploying electronic device monitoring (44%), or implementing immunity passes (44%). Despite partisan differences on a range of surveillance measures, support for the government encouraging digital contact tracing is indistinguishable between Democrats (47%) and Republicans (46%), although more Republicans oppose the policy (39%) compared to Democrats (27%). Of the app features we tested in our conjoint analysis experiment, only one had statistically significant effects on the self-reported likelihood of downloading the app: decentralized data architecture increased the likelihood by 5.4 percentage points. Conclusion Support for public health surveillance policies to curb the spread of COVID-19 is relatively low in the U.S. Contact tracing apps that use decentralized data storage, compared with those that use centralized data storage, are more accepted by the public. While respondents’ support for expanding traditional contact tracing is greater than their support for the government encouraging the public to download and use contact tracing apps, there are smaller partisan differences in support for the latter policy.
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</div>
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<div class="article-link article-html-link">
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://osf.io/9wz3y/" target="_blank">Americans’ perceptions of privacy and surveillance in the COVID-19 Pandemic</a>
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</div></li>
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<li><strong>The prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection and other public health outcomes during the BA.2/BA.2.12.1 surge, New York City, April-May 2022</strong> -
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
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Background: Routine case surveillance data for SARS-CoV-2 are incomplete, unrepresentative, missing key variables of interest, and may be increasingly unreliable for both timely surge detection and understanding the burden of infection and access to treatment. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional survey of a representative sample of 1,030 New York City (NYC) adult residents >18 years on May 7-8, 2022, when BA.2.12.1 comprised 47% of reported cases per genomic surveillance. We estimated the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection during the preceding 14-day period (April 23-May 8), weighted to represent the 2020 NYC adult population. Respondents were asked about SARS-CoV-2 testing (including at-home rapid antigen tests), testing outcomes, COVID-like symptoms, and contact with SARS-CoV-2 cases. Based on responses, we classified individuals into three mutually exclusive categories of SARS-CoV-2 infection according to a hierarchical case definition as follows: confirmed (positive test with a provider), probable (positive at home rapid test), and possible (COVID-like symptoms and close contact with a confirmed/probable case). SARS-CoV-2 prevalence estimates were age- and sex-adjusted to the 2020 US population. Individuals with SARS-CoV-2 were asked about awareness/use of antiviral medications. We triangulated survey-based prevalence estimates with NYCs official SARS-CoV-2 metrics on cases, hospitalizations, and deaths, as well as SARS-CoV-2 concentrations in wastewater for the same time period. Results: An estimated 22.1% (95%CI 17.9%-26.2%) of respondents had SARS-CoV-2 infection during the two-week study period, corresponding to ~1.5 million adults (95%CI 1.3-1.8 million). The official SARS-CoV-2 case count during the study period was 51,218. This 22.1% prevalence estimate included 11.4%, 6.5%, and 4.3% who met the confirmed, probable, and possible criteria of our case definition, respectively. Prevalence was estimated at 34.9% (95%CI 26.9%- 42.8%) among individuals with co-morbidities, 14.9% (95% CI 11.0%-18.8%) among those 65+ years, and 18.9% (95%CI 10.2%-27.5%) among unvaccinated persons. Hybrid immunity (i.e., history of both vaccination and prior infection) was 66.2% (95%CI 55.7%-76.7%) among those with COVID and 46.3% (95%CI 40.2-52.2) among those without. Among individuals with COVID, 44.1% (95%CI 33.0%-55.1%) were aware of the antiviral nirmatrelvir/ritonavir (PaxlovidTM), and 15.1% (95%CI 7.1%-23.1%) reported receiving it. Deaths and hospitalizations increased, but remained well below the levels of the BA.1 surge. SARS-CoV-2 virus concentrations in wastewater surveillance showed only a modest signal in comparison to that of the BA.1 surge. Conclusions and Relevance: The true magnitude of NYCs BA.2/BA.2.12.1 surge may have been vastly underestimated by routine SARS-CoV-2 case counts and wastewater surveillance. Hybrid immunity, bolstered by the recent BA.1 surge, likely limited the impact of the BA.2/BA.2.12.1 surge on severe outcomes. Representative surveys are needed as part of routine surveillance for timely surge detection, and to estimate the true burden of infection, hybrid immunity, and uptake of time-sensitive treatments among those most vulnerable to severe COVID.
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</p>
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</div>
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<div class="article-link article-html-link">
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.25.22275603v2" target="_blank">The prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection and other public health outcomes during the BA.2/BA.2.12.1 surge, New York City, April-May 2022</a>
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</div></li>
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<li><strong>Vaccination of solid organ transplant recipients previously infected with SARS-CoV2 induces potent responses that extend to variants, including Omicron</strong> -
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<div>
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
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Background. Multiple factors affecting COVID19 vaccine-induced antibody responses in SARS-CoV2 uninfected immunosuppressed solid organ transplant recipients have been reported; however, there is still a lack of information on non-ACE2 competing cross-CoV2 neutralizing functional antibodies induced in these cohorts, and similarly, the vaccine efficacy in prior CoV2-infected immunosuppressed individuals is not well understood. Methods. COVID19 vaccine efficacy was compared in a panel of kidney and heart transplant recipients who were either CoV2 uninfected (n=63) or CoV2 infected (n=13) prior to receiving two or three doses of mRNA vaccines using pseudoviral neutralization assays against eight CoV2 strains (the CoV2_D614G ancestral strain, alpha, beta, gamma, delta, kappa, lambda, and omicron-BA1 variants), while plasma antibody titers were determined by ELISA using recombinant CoV2-RBD-wt proteins. Results. Minimally protective neutralizing plasma antibody titers (IC50 ≥ 1:50) against the variants were recorded 7-14% and 25-35% after the second and third doses respectively, with Omicron being the most resistant. In contrast, all previously infected vaccinees possessed minimal protective plasma titers against D614G after either two or three vaccine doses, with 11/13 exhibiting strong protection (IC50≥ 1:500) and 10/13 exceeding the minimal protective titer against Omicron. Absorption of the selected plasma with immobilized parental RBD removed ≥ 90% of its neutralizing activity, indicating that the dominant neutralization targets were in the RBD. Conclusions. This study showed that CoV2 infection followed by vaccination, but not vaccination alone, induces the presence of potent highly cross-reactive CoV2 neutralizing plasma antibodies that extend to Omicron variants, even in immunosuppressed SOTRs.
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</p>
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</div>
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<div class="article-link article-html-link">
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.10.22270607v2" target="_blank">Vaccination of solid organ transplant recipients previously infected with SARS-CoV2 induces potent responses that extend to variants, including Omicron</a>
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</div></li>
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<li><strong>Association of cerebrovascular ischemic disease and the outcomes of COVID-19: Protocol for systematic review & meta-analysis of meta-analyses</strong> -
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<div>
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The association of history of cerebrovascular ischemic disease and outcomes of COVID-19 in a patient shall be explored.
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</div>
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<div class="article-link article-html-link">
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://osf.io/waudq/" target="_blank">Association of cerebrovascular ischemic disease and the outcomes of COVID-19: Protocol for systematic review & meta-analysis of meta-analyses</a>
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</div></li>
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<li><strong>Emotion Regulation and Disordered Eating in Youths: Two Daily-Diary Studies</strong> -
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<div>
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Disordered eating cognitions and behaviors in childhood and adolescence have been identified as precursors for the development of eating disorders. Another important contributor to eating disorder risk is maladaptive emotion regulation. However, while the regulation of negative affect has been the focus of much research, the literature on the role of positive emotion regulation in eating pathology is extremely limited. The present study extends previous research by examining the regulation of both positive and negative affect in disordered eating using two waves of a daily diary design. Every evening for 21 days, 139 youths (8-15 years) reported their use of rumination, dampening, and disordered eating cognitions and behaviors. One year later, during the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, 115 of these youths were followed-up. As predicted, higher levels of rumination and dampening were found to be associated with a higher frequency of weight concerns and restrictive eating behaviors on person-level (both Waves) and day-level (Wave 2). Further, a higher frequency of rumination at Wave 1 predicted increases in the frequency of restrictive eating behaviors one year later. Our findings underline the importance of examining regulation of both positive and negative emotion in order to understand eating disorder risk.
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</div>
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<div class="article-link article-html-link">
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://psyarxiv.com/jzn5q/" target="_blank">Emotion Regulation and Disordered Eating in Youths: Two Daily-Diary Studies</a>
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</div></li>
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<li><strong>SHAME, GUILT AND FEAR AS PREDICTORS OF TRAUMATIC EXPERIENCES RELATED TO COVID-19 PANDEMIC</strong> -
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<div>
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Objective: The general objective of the current study was to investigate the role of shame, guilt and fear activations related to stressful experiences related to COVID-19 in predicting post-traumatic stress symptoms severity. Methods: We focused on 72 participants recruited in Lombardy region (Italy) from June 2021 to February 2022. Primary outcome measures were intrusion, avoidance, hyperarousal and global traumatic stress scores related to the most stressful experience related to COVID-19 pandemic. Results: Using multiple linear models, the most consistent result was that the emotions of shame and fear related to stressful experiences related to COVID-19 predicted traumatic symptoms severity. More specifically, while shame predicted in a more consistent way intrusivity, hyperarousal and avoidance subscales. Conclusion: Globally, the present findings suggest the importance of shame in the maintenance of post-traumatic symptoms related to COVID-19 experiences. These results support of the changes introduced with DSM-V in PTSD theoretical framework underscoring a range of self-related appraisals and emotions beyond the classic fear/life threat activations. Future research should provide analysis of neural correlates and biomarkers combined with the presence of psychometric measures indicating if the level of emotion activated would allow for a more robust neural and epigenetic discernment of traumatic symptoms.
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</div>
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<div class="article-link article-html-link">
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://psyarxiv.com/prg52/" target="_blank">SHAME, GUILT AND FEAR AS PREDICTORS OF TRAUMATIC EXPERIENCES RELATED TO COVID-19 PANDEMIC</a>
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</div></li>
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<li><strong>Resuming Social Contact After Months of Contact Restrictions: Social Traits Moderate Associations Between Changes in Social Contact and Well-Being</strong> -
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<div>
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Humans possess a need for social contact. Satisfaction of this need benefits well-being, whereas deprivation is detrimental. However, how much contact people desire is not universal, and evidence is mixed on individual differences in the association between contact and well-being. This preregistered longitudinal study (N = 190) examined changes in social contact and well-being (life satisfaction, depressivity/anxiety) in Germany during pervasive contact restrictions, which exceed lab-based social deprivation. We analyzed how changes in personal and indirect contact and well-being during the first COVID-19 lockdown varied with social traits (e.g., affiliation, extraversion). Results showed that affiliation motive, need to be alone, and social anxiety moderated the resumption of personal contact under loosened restrictions as well as associated changes in life satisfaction and depressivity/anxiety.
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</div>
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<div class="article-link article-html-link">
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://psyarxiv.com/rmq8e/" target="_blank">Resuming Social Contact After Months of Contact Restrictions: Social Traits Moderate Associations Between Changes in Social Contact and Well-Being</a>
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</div></li>
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<li><strong>Structural basis for the enhanced infectivity and immune evasion of Omicron subvariants</strong> -
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<div>
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The Omicron variants of SARS-CoV-2 have recently become the globally dominant variants of concern in the COVID-19 pandemic. At least five major Omicron sub-lineages have been characterized: BA.1, BA.2, BA.3, BA.4 and BA.5. They all possess over 30 mutations on the Spike (S) protein. Here we report the cryo-EM structures of the trimeric S proteins from the five subvariants, of which BA.4 and BA.5 share the same mutations of S protein, each in complex with the surface receptor ACE2. All three receptor binding domains of S protein from BA.2 and BA.4/BA.5 are up, while the BA.1 S protein has two up and one down. The BA.3 S protein displays increased heterogeneity, with the majority in the all up RBD state. The differentially preferred conformations of the S protein are consistent with their varied transmissibilities. Analysis of the well defined S309 and S2K146 epitopes reveals the underlie immune evasion mechanism of Omicron subvariants.
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.07.13.499586v1" target="_blank">Structural basis for the enhanced infectivity and immune evasion of Omicron subvariants</a>
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<li><strong>Comparison of the 2021 COVID-19 Roadmap Projections against Public Health Data in England</strong> -
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Control and mitigation of the COVID-19 pandemic in England has relied on a combination of vac- cination and non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs). Some of these NPIs are extremely costly (economically and socially), so it was important to relax these promptly without overwhelming already burdened health services. The eventual policy was a Roadmap of four relaxation steps throughout 2021, taking England from lock-down to the cessation of all restrictions on social interaction. In a series of six Roadmap documents generated throughout 2021, models assessed the potential risk of each relaxation step. Here we show that the model projections generated a reliable estimation of medium-term hospital admission trends, with the data points up to September 2021 generally lying within our 95% prediction intervals. The greatest uncertainties in the modelled scenarios came from vaccine efficacy estimates against novel variants, and from assumptions about human behaviour in the face of changing restrictions and risk.
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.17.22272535v2" target="_blank">Comparison of the 2021 COVID-19 Roadmap Projections against Public Health Data in England</a>
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<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-clinical-trials">From Clinical Trials</h1>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Bank of Human Leukocytes From COVID-19 Convalescent Donors With an Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Cellular Immunity</strong> - <b>Condition</b>: COVID-19<br/><b>Intervention</b>: Other: Generation of a biobank allowing the cryopreservation of leucocytes from COVID19 convalescent donors<br/><b>Sponsor</b>: Central Hospital, Nancy, France<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Generation of SARS-CoV-2-specific T Lymphocytes From Recovered Donors and Administration to High-risk COVID-19 Patients</strong> - <b>Condition</b>: Severe COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>: Biological: Coronavirus-2-specific T cells; Other: standard of care (SOC)<br/><b>Sponsors</b>: George Papanicolaou Hospital; General Hospital Of Thessaloniki Ippokratio<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A Randomised, Multi-centre, Double-blind, Phase 3 Study to Observe the Effectiveness, Safety and Tolerability of Molnupiravir Compared to Placebo Administered Orally to High-risk Adult Outpatients With Mild COVID-19 Receiving Local Standard of Care in South Africa</strong> - <b>Condition</b>: COVID-19<br/><b>Intervention</b>: Drug: Molnupiravir 200 mg<br/><b>Sponsors</b>: University of Witwatersrand, South Africa; Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of FB2001 in Hospitalized Patients With Moderate to Severe COVID-19 (BRIGHT Study)</strong> - <b>Condition</b>: COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>: Drug: FB2001; Drug: FB2001 placebo<br/><b>Sponsor</b>: Frontier Biotechnologies Inc.<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Engaging Staff to Improve COVID-19 Vaccination Response at Long-Term Care Facilities</strong> - <b>Condition</b>: COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>: Behavioral: Full Intervention; Other: Enhanced Usual Care<br/><b>Sponsors</b>: Kaiser Permanente; Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute; Global Alliance to Prevent Prematurity and Stillbirth (GAPPS)<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A Study to Evaluate the Efficacy of PanCytoVir™ for the Treatment of Non-Hospitalized Patients With COVID-19 Infection</strong> - <b>Condition</b>: COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>: Drug: PanCytoVir™ (probenecid); Drug: Placebo<br/><b>Sponsor</b>: TrippBio, Inc.<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Value of Montelukast as a Potential Treatment of Post COVID-19 Persistent Cough</strong> - <b>Condition</b>: Post COVID-19<br/><b>Intervention</b>: Drug: Montelukast Sodium Tablets<br/><b>Sponsor</b>: Assiut University<br/><b>Completed</b></p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Topical Antibacterial Agents for Prevention of COVID-19</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>: COVID-19; SARS-CoV2 Infection<br/><b>Interventions</b>: Drug: Neosporin; Other: Vaseline<br/><b>Sponsors</b>: Yale University; Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">**NanoMn®_COVID-19 A Prospective, Multicenter, Randomized, Placebo-controlled, Parallel-group, Double-blind Trial to Evaluate the Clinical Efficacy of NanoManganese® on Top of Standard of Care, in Adult Patients With Moderate to Severe Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)** - <b>Condition</b>: COVID-19 Pandemic<br/><b>Interventions</b>: Drug: Placebo; Drug: Experimental drug<br/><b>Sponsor</b>: Medesis Pharma SA<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Plasma Exchange Therapy for Post- COVID-19 Condition: A Pilot, Randomized Double-Blind Study</strong> - <b>Condition</b>: Post-COVID19 Condition<br/><b>Interventions</b>: Combination Product: Plasma Exchange Procedure; Other: Sham Plasma Exchange Procedure<br/><b>Sponsors</b>: Fundación FLS de Lucha Contra el Sida, las Enfermedades Infecciosas y la Promoción de la Salud y la Ciencia; IrsiCaixa; Banc de Sang i Teixits<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Evaluation of Effectiveness of Proprietary Rehabilitation Program in Patients After COVID-19 Infection</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>: COVID-19; Rehabilitation<br/><b>Interventions</b>: Other: Respiratory training with the use of resistance set on respiratory muscle trainer; Other: Respiratory training without resistance set on respiratory muscle trainer<br/><b>Sponsor</b>: Medical University of Bialystok<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Developing an Integrative, Recovery-Based, Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome (PACS) Psychotherapeutic Intervention</strong> - <b>Condition</b>: Post-acute COVID-19 Syndrome<br/><b>Intervention</b>: Behavioral: PACS Coping and Recovery (PACS-CR) Intervention<br/><b>Sponsor</b>: VA Office of Research and Development<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Mineralocorticoid Use in COVID-19 Patients</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>: COVID-19; ARDS<br/><b>Intervention</b>: Drug: Fludrocortisone Acetate 0.1 MG<br/><b>Sponsor</b>: Ain Shams University<br/><b>Completed</b></p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Can Intensive Insulin Therapy Improve Outcomes of COVID-19 Patients</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>: COVID-19; Dysglycemia<br/><b>Interventions</b>: Drug: Insulin; Drug: Subcutaneous Insulin<br/><b>Sponsor</b>: Benha University<br/><b>Completed</b></p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A Dose Escalation Phase 1 Study Evaluating the Safety and Pharmacokinetics of an Inhaled COVID-19 Inhibitor Delcetravir in Healthy Subjects</strong> - <b>Condition</b>: COVID-19<br/><b>Intervention</b>: Combination Product: Delcetravir dry powder inhaler<br/><b>Sponsor</b>: Esfam Biotech Pty Ltd<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
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</ul>
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<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-pubmed">From PubMed</h1>
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<ul>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Surface Display of Peptides Corresponding to the Heptad Repeat 2 Domain of the Feline Enteric Coronavirus Spike Protein on <em>Bacillus subtilis</em> Spores Elicits Protective Immune Responses Against Homologous Infection in a Feline Aminopeptidase-N-Transduced Mouse Model</strong> - Although feline coronavirus (FCoV) infection is extremely common in cats, there are currently few effective treatments. A peptide derived from the heptad repeat 2 (HR2) domain of the coronavirus (CoV) spike protein has shown effective for inhibition of various human and animal CoVs in vitro, but further use of FCoV-HR2 in vivo has been limited by lack of practical delivery vectors and small animal infection model. To overcome these technical challenges, we first constructed a recombinant…</p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Corona versus Dengue: Distinct Mechanisms for Inhibition of Polyprotein Processing by Antiviral Drugs</strong> - Inhibitors interfering with processing of the viral polyprotein are used successfully for the control of extremely important viral pathogens, such as HIV and most recently SARS-CoV-2. This Viewpoint provides a mechanistic evaluation of a promising antiviral lead compound against dengue virus, JNJ-A07, 4-(3-((1-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-oxo-2-(6-(trifluoromethoxy)indolin-1-yl)ethyl)amino)-5-methoxyphenoxy)butanoic acid. The antiviral effect of JNJ-A07 appears, in our opinion, to be connected to an…</p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>The Impact on COVID-19 by Intravenous Bevacizumab Used for Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia: A Case Report</strong> - Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) continues as an infectious pandemic. With emphasis on mitigating its impact globally, strategies have been emphasized on prevention to treatment in severe cases. As for pharmacotherapies, many have been researched, with a few being recommended for patients with COVID-19 depending upon their severity. Bevacizumab, a recombinant monoclonal antibody often used for oncological disease and rare genetic disorders, has gained attention in combatting COVID-19 due to…</p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Evaluation of Clove Phytochemicals as Potential Antiviral Drug Candidates Targeting SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease: Computational Docking, Molecular Dynamics Simulation, and Pharmacokinetic Profiling</strong> - The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus can cause a sudden respiratory disease spreading with a high mortality rate arising with unknown mechanisms. Still, there is no proper treatment available to overcome the disease, which urges the research community and pharmaceutical industries to screen a novel therapeutic intervention to combat the current pandemic. This current study exploits the natural phytochemicals obtained from clove, a traditional natural therapeutic…</p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Potential inhibitors for blocking the interaction of the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and its host cell receptor ACE2</strong> - CONCLUSION: This platform is a rapid, sensitive, specific, and high throughput system, and available for screening large compound libraries. TS-984 is a potent blocker of the interaction between the S-protein and ACE2, which might have the potential to be developed into an effective anti-coronavirus drug.</p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Early administration of remdesivir plus convalescent plasma therapy is effective to treat COVID-19 pneumonia in B-cell depleted patients with hematological malignancies</strong> - Patients with hematological malignancies (HMs) are at a higher risk of developing severe form and protracted course of COVID-19 disease. We investigated whether the combination of viral replication inhibition with remdesivir and administration of anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulins with convalescent plasma (CP) therapy might be sufficient to treat B-cell-depleted patients with COVID-19. We enrolled 20 consecutive patients with various HMs with profound B-cell lymphopenia and COVID-19 pneumonia…</p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Multi-target mechanisms against coronaviruses of constituents from Chinese Dagang Tea revealed by experimental and docking studies</strong> - CONCLUSION: This study proposes E. chinensis and its triterpenoids and flavonoids as promising potential treatments for coronaviruses.</p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Allosteric inhibitors of the main protease of SARS-CoV-2</strong> - SARS-CoV-2 has raised the alarm to search for effective therapy for this virus. To date several vaccines have been approved but few available drugs reported recently still need approval from FDA. Remdesivir was approved for emergency use only. In this report, the SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro was expressed and purified. By using a FRET-based enzymatic assay, we have screened a library consisting of more than 300 different niclosamide derivatives and identified three molecules JMX0286, JMX0301, and JMX0941…</p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Crystal structure of the Rubella virus protease reveals a unique papain-like protease fold</strong> - Rubella, a viral disease characterized by a red skin rash, is well-controlled due to an effective vaccine, but outbreaks are still occurring in the absence of available antiviral treatments. The rubella virus (RUBV) papain-like protease (RubPro) is crucial for RUBV replication, cleaving the non-structural polyprotein p200 into two multi-functional proteins, p150 and p90. This protease could represent a potential drug target, but structural and mechanistic details important for the inhibition of…</p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Investigation of potential inhibitor properties of violacein against HIV-1 RT and CoV-2 Spike RBD:ACE-2</strong> - A violacein-producing bacterium was isolated from a mud sample collected near a hot spring on Kümbet Plateau in Giresun Province and named the GK strain. According to the phylogenetic tree constructed using 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the GK strain was identified and named Janthinobacterium sp. GK. The crude violacein pigments were separated into three different bands on a TLC sheet. Then violacein and deoxyviolacein were purified by vacuum liquid column chromatography and identified by NMR…</p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Attenuation of SARS-CoV-2 replication and associated inflammation by concomitant targeting of viral and host cap 2’-O-ribose methyltransferases</strong> - The SARS-CoV-2 infection cycle is a multi-stage process that relies on functional interactions between the host and the pathogen. Here, we repurposed antiviral drugs against both viral and host enzymes to pharmaceutically block methylation of the viral RNA 2’-O-ribose cap needed for viral immune escape. We find that the host cap 2’-O-ribose methyltransferase MTr1 can compensate for loss of viral NSP16 methyltransferase in facilitating virus replication. Concomitant inhibition of MTr1 and NSP16…</p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Opaganib in Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pneumonia: Results of a Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Phase 2a Trial</strong> - CONCLUSIONS: In this proof-of-concept study, hypoxic, hospitalized patients receiving oral opaganib had a similar safety profile to placebo-treated patients, with preliminary evidence of benefit for opaganib as measured by supplementary oxygen requirement and earlier hospital discharge. These findings support further evaluation of opaganib in this population.</p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Piperlongumin Improves Survival in the Mouse Model of Sepsis: Effect on Coagulation Factors and Lung Inflammation</strong> - Excessive inflammation and coagulation contribute to high morbidity and mortality in sepsis. Many studies have indicated the role of piperlongumine (PL) in anti-inflammation, but its effect on coagulation remains uncertain. Here, we explore whether PL could moderate coagulation indicators and alleviate lung inflammation during sepsis. RAW264.7 cells were induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and treated with PL. Inflammatory and coagulation indicators, cell function and signaling, were evaluated…</p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Neddylation tunes peripheral blood mononuclear cells immune response in COVID-19 patients</strong> - The COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 has reached 5.5 million deaths worldwide, generating a huge impact globally. This highly contagious viral infection produces a severe acute respiratory syndrome that includes cough, mucus, fever and pneumonia. Likewise, many hospitalized patients develop severe pneumonia associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), along an exacerbated and uncontrolled systemic inflammation that in some cases induces a fatal cytokine storm. Although…</p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) attenuates severe acute respiratory coronavirus disease 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection by blocking the interaction of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein receptor-binding domain to human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2</strong> - The outbreak of the coronavirus disease 2019 caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 triggered a global pandemic where control is needed through therapeutic and preventive interventions. This study aims to identify natural compounds that could affect the fusion between the viral membrane (receptor-binding domain of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 spike protein) and the human cell receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2. Accordingly, we performed the…</p></li>
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</ul>
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<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-patent-search">From Patent Search</h1>
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