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<title>21 October, 2022</title>
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<title>Covid-19 Sentry</title><meta content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" name="viewport"/><link href="styles/simple.css" rel="stylesheet"/><link href="../styles/simple.css" rel="stylesheet"/><link href="https://unpkg.com/aos@2.3.1/dist/aos.css" rel="stylesheet"/><script src="https://unpkg.com/aos@2.3.1/dist/aos.js"></script></head>
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<h1 data-aos="fade-down" id="covid-19-sentry">Covid-19 Sentry</h1>
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<h1 data-aos="fade-right" data-aos-anchor-placement="top-bottom" id="contents">Contents</h1>
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<ul>
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<li><a href="#from-preprints">From Preprints</a></li>
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<li><a href="#from-clinical-trials">From Clinical Trials</a></li>
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<li><a href="#from-pubmed">From PubMed</a></li>
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<li><a href="#from-patent-search">From Patent Search</a></li>
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</ul>
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<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-preprints">From Preprints</h1>
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<ul>
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<li><strong>A comparison of hugging frequency and its association with momentary mood before and during COVID-19 using ecological momentary assessment</strong> -
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<div>
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The COVID-19 pandemic has necessitated a drastic decrease of human social interactions including human social touch. One of the most prevalent forms of touch is hugging. Hugging has been demonstrated to benefit both physical and mental well-being. In the present study, we used an ecological momentary assessment approach to assess the relationship between hugging and momentary mood in two independent cohorts. The first cohort was re-used from a previously published study sampled prior to the COVID-19 pandemic whereas the second cohort was newly recruited during the third COVID-19 wave in Germany. We found that the frequency of hugging was significantly lower during than before the pandemic. Using multilevel modeling, we found a significant positive association between momentary mood and daily hugs. This effect was moderated by the cohort, as individuals during the pandemic showed a stronger positive association compared to the cohort sampled prior to the pandemic. Furthermore, we only found a negative association between loneliness and momentary mood in the pre-pandemic cohort whereas no link was observed in the mid-pandemic cohort. While we have to stress that our results are correlational in nature, they potentially indicate that social touch is more beneficial in times of social distancing, possibly due to a higher valuation and perceived intimacy of the hug.
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</div>
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<div class="article-link article-html-link">
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://psyarxiv.com/dpvkx/" target="_blank">A comparison of hugging frequency and its association with momentary mood before and during COVID-19 using ecological momentary assessment</a>
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</div></li>
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<li><strong>How perceived scarcity predicted cooperation during early pandemic lockdown.</strong> -
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<div>
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Both material resources (jobs, healthcare), and socio-psychological resources (social contact) decreased during the COVID-19 pandemic. We investigated whether individual differences in perceived material and socio-psychological scarcity experienced during the pandemic predicted preference for cooperation, measured using two Public Good Games (PGGs), where participants contributed money or time (i.e., hours indoors contributed to shorten the lockdown). Material scarcity had no relationship with cooperation. Increased perceived scarcity of socio-psychological wellbeing (e.g., connecting with family) predicted increased preference for cooperation, suggesting that missing social contact fosters prosociality, whilst perceived scarcity of freedom (e.g., limited movement) predicted decreased willingness to spend time indoors to shorten the lockdown. The importance of considering individual differences in scarcity perception to best promote norm compliance is discussed.
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</div>
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<div class="article-link article-html-link">
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://psyarxiv.com/zu2a3/" target="_blank">How perceived scarcity predicted cooperation during early pandemic lockdown.</a>
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</div></li>
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<li><strong>SARS-CoV2 E and 3a proteins are inducers of pannexin currents</strong> -
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<div>
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Controversial reports have suggested that SARS-CoV E and 3a proteins may be viroporins that conduct currents through the plasma membrane of the infected cells. If true, these proteins would represent accessible targets for the development of new antiviral drugs by using high-throughput patch-clamp techniques. Here we aimed at better characterizing the cell responses induced by E or 3a protein with a particular focus on the ion conductances measured at the cell surface. First, we show that expression of SARS-CoV-2 E or 3a protein in CHO cells gives rise to cells with newly-acquired round shape, tending to detach from the Petri dish. This suggests that cell death is induced upon expression of E or 3a protein. We confirmed this hypothesis by using flow cytometry, in agreement with earlier reports on other cell types. In adhering cells expressing E or 3a protein, whole-cell currents were in fact not different from the control condition indicating that E and 3a proteins are not plasma membrane viroporins. In contrast, recording currents on detached cells uncovered outwardly-rectifying currents, much larger than those observed in control. The current characteristics are reminiscent of what was previously observed in cells expressing SARS-CoV-1 E or 3a proteins. Herein, we illustrate for the first time that carbenoxolone blocks these outward currents suggesting that they are conducted by pannexin channels, mostly likely activated by cell morphology change and/or cell death. Alongside we also demonstrate that truncation of the C-terminal PDZ binding motifs reduces the proportion of dying cells but does not prevent pannexin currents suggesting distinct pathways for cell death and pannexin currents induced by E and 3a proteins. We conclude that SARS-CoV-2 E and 3a proteins are not acting as viroporins expressed at the plasma membrane.
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</div>
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<div class="article-link article-html-link">
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.20.513002v1" target="_blank">SARS-CoV2 E and 3a proteins are inducers of pannexin currents</a>
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</div></li>
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<li><strong>Intra-host viral populations of SARS-CoV-2 in immunosuppressed patients with hematologic cancers</strong> -
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<div>
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Throughout the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, several variants of concern (VOC) have been identified, many of which share recurrent mutations in the spike protein’s receptor binding domain (RBD). This region coincides with known epitopes and can therefore have an impact on immune escape. Protracted infections in immunosuppressed patients have been hypothesized to lead to an enrichment of such mutations and therefore drive evolution towards VOCs. Here, we show that immunosuppressed patients with hematologic cancers develop distinct populations with immune escape mutations throughout the course of their infection. Notably, by investigating the co-occurrence of substitutions on individual sequencing reads in the RBD, we found quasispecies harboring mutations that confer resistance to known monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) such as S:E484K and S:E484A. Furthermore, we provide the first evidence for a viral reservoir based on intra-host phylogenetics. Our results on viral reservoirs can shed light on protracted infections interspersed with periods where the virus is undetectable as well as an alternative explanation for some long-COVID cases. Our findings also highlight that protracted infections should be treated with combination therapies rather than by a single mAbs to clear pre-existing resistant mutations.
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</div>
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<div class="article-link article-html-link">
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.19.512884v1" target="_blank">Intra-host viral populations of SARS-CoV-2 in immunosuppressed patients with hematologic cancers</a>
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</div></li>
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<li><strong>Broadly neutralizing SARS-CoV-2 antibodies through epitope-based selection from convalescent patients</strong> -
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<div>
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Emerging variants of concern (VOCs) are threatening to limit the efficacy of SARS CoV-2 monoclonal antibodies and vaccines currently used in clinical practice; broadly neutralizing antibodies and strategies for their identification are therefore urgently required. Here we demonstrate that broadly neutralizing antibodies can be isolated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of convalescent patients using SARS CoV-2 receptor binding domains (RBDs) carrying epitope-specific mutations. This is exemplified by two human antibodies, GAR05, binding to epitope class 1, and GAR12, binding to a new epitope class 6 (located between class 3 and class 5). Both antibodies broadly neutralize VOCs, exceeding the potency of the clinical monoclonal sotrovimab (mAb S309) by orders of magnitude. They also provide potent prophylactic and therapeutic in vivo protection of hACE2 mice against viral challenge. Our results indicate that exposure to Wuhan SARS-CoV-2 induces antibodies that maintain potent and broad neutralization against emerging VOCs using two unique strategies: either by targeting the divergent class 1 epitope in a manner resistant to VOCs (ACE-2 mimicry, as illustrated by GAR05 and mAbs P2C-1F11/S2K14); or alternatively, by targeting rare and highly conserved epitopes, such as the new class 6 epitope identified here (as illustrated by GAR12). Our results provide guidance for next generation monoclonal antibody development and vaccine design.
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</div>
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<div class="article-link article-html-link">
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.19.512954v1" target="_blank">Broadly neutralizing SARS-CoV-2 antibodies through epitope-based selection from convalescent patients</a>
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</div></li>
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<li><strong>De novo design of anti-variant COVID vaccine with T-cell memory</strong> -
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<div>
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Recent studies have shown the efficacy of hybrid COVID-19 vaccines using wild-type nucleocapsid (N) and Spike (S) protein. We upgrade this strategy by one step further using clinically proven spike protein (but with delta and post-delta omicron mutations) and nucleocapsid peptides conferring T-cell immunity. As per the latest research nucleocapsid peptides are perfect immunological replacement of nucleocapsid protein. Therefore, peptide linking strategy is pursued (economic for cellular biosynthesis than whole protein). One envelope peptide with potent T-cell response is also chosen. This peptide is also functionally indispensable for the virus. All these peptides were clustered in our designed cytoplasmic domain separated by non-immunogenic helical linkers. We also propose the idea of introduction of any T-cell peptide similar to other Human Corona Viruses (HuCoV) in these linker regions whenever required. In addition to COVID, the same approach can be applied for any emergency or even long-term unsolved outbreaks of Influenza, Dengue and West Nile Virus etc. In this era of novelty as presented by subunit and nucleic acid vaccines, multiepitope strategies like this can help to combat multiple diseases successfully in real time to give hope for better future.
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</div>
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<div class="article-link article-html-link">
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.20.513049v1" target="_blank">De novo design of anti-variant COVID vaccine with T-cell memory</a>
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</div></li>
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<li><strong>SARS-CoV-2-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses can originate from cross-reactive CMV-specific T cells</strong> -
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<div>
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Detection of SARS-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in SARS-CoV-2-unexposed donors has been explained by the presence of T cells primed by other coronaviruses. However, based on the relative high frequency and prevalence of cross-reactive T cells, we hypothesized CMV may induce these cross-reactive T cells. Stimulation of pre-pandemic cryo-preserved PBMCs with SARS-CoV-2 peptides revealed that frequencies of SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells were higher in CMV-seropositive donors. Characterization of these T cells demonstrated that membrane-specific CD4+ and spike-specific CD8+ T cells originate from cross-reactive CMV-specific T cells. Spike-specific CD8+ T cells recognize SARS-CoV-2 spike peptide FVSNGTHWF (FVS) and dissimilar CMV pp65 peptide IPSINVHHY (IPS) presented by HLA-B*35:01. These dual IPS/FVS-reactive CD8+ T cells were found in multiple donors as well as severe COVID-19 patients and shared a common T cell receptor (TCR), illustrating that IPS/FVS-cross-reactivity is caused by a public TCR. In conclusion, CMV-specific T cells cross-react with SARS-CoV-2, despite low sequence homology between the two viruses, and may contribute to the pre-existing immunity against SARS-CoV-2.
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</div>
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<div class="article-link article-html-link">
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.07.31.502203v2" target="_blank">SARS-CoV-2-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses can originate from cross-reactive CMV-specific T cells</a>
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</div></li>
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<li><strong>Endonuclease fingerprint indicates a synthetic origin of SARS-CoV-2</strong> -
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<div>
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To prevent future pandemics, it is important that we understand whether SARS-CoV-2 spilled over directly from animals to people, or indirectly in a laboratory accident. The genome of SARS-COV-2 contains a peculiar pattern of unique restriction endonuclease recognition sites allowing efficient dis- and re-assembly of the viral genome characteristic of synthetic viruses. Here, we report the likelihood of observing such a pattern in coronaviruses with no history of bioengineering. We find that SARS-CoV-2 is an anomaly, more likely a product of synthetic genome assembly than natural evolution. The restriction map of SARS-CoV-2 is consistent with many previously reported synthetic coronavirus genomes, meets all the criteria required for an efficient reverse genetic system, differs from closest relatives by a significantly higher rate of synonymous mutations in these synthetic-looking recognitions sites, and has a synthetic fingerprint unlikely to have evolved from its close relatives. We report a high likelihood that SARS-CoV-2 may have originated as an infectious clone assembled in vitro.
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</div>
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<div class="article-link article-html-link">
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.18.512756v1" target="_blank">Endonuclease fingerprint indicates a synthetic origin of SARS-CoV-2</a>
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</div></li>
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<li><strong>Infectiousness of SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infections and reinfections during the Omicron wave</strong> -
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<div>
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
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With more recent SARS-CoV-2 variants, breakthrough infections in vaccinated individuals and reinfections among previously infected individuals are increasingly common, especially during the Omicron wave. Such infections have led to concerns about controlling transmission and underscore a broader need to understand the contribution of vaccination, including booster doses, and natural immunity to the infectiousness of persons with SARS-CoV-2 infections, especially in high-risk populations with intense transmission such as prisons. Here, we show that both vaccine-derived and naturally acquired immunity independently reduce the infectiousness of persons with Omicron variant SARS-CoV-2 infections in a prison setting. Analyzing data from system-wide SARS-CoV-2 surveillance across 35 California state prisons, we estimate that Omicron variant infections among unvaccinated cases had a 36% (95% confidence interval (CI): 31-42%) risk of transmitting to close contacts, as compared to 28% (25-31%) risk among vaccinated cases. In adjusted analyses, we estimated that any vaccination, prior infection alone, and both vaccination and prior infection reduced an index case9s risk of transmitting to close contacts by 22% (6-36%), 23% (3-39%) and 40% (20-55%), respectively. Receipt of booster doses and more recent vaccination further reduced infectiousness among vaccinated cases. These findings suggest that although vaccinated and/or previously infected individuals remain highly infectious upon SARS-CoV-2 infection in this prison setting, their infectiousness is reduced compared to individuals without any history of vaccination or infection.
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</p>
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</div>
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<div class="article-link article-html-link">
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.08.22278547v3" target="_blank">Infectiousness of SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infections and reinfections during the Omicron wave</a>
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</div></li>
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<li><strong>ICD-10 based syndromic surveillance enables robust estimation of burden of severe COVID-19 requiring hospitalization and intensive care treatment</strong> -
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<div>
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
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Objective: The emergence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) required countries to establish COVID-19 surveillance by adapting existing systems, such as mandatory notification and syndromic surveillance systems. We estimated age-specific COVID-19 hospitalization and intensive care unit (ICU) burden from existing severe acute respiratory infections (SARI) surveillance and compared the results to COVID-19 notification data. Methods: Using data on SARI cases with ICD-10 diagnosis codes for COVID-19 (COVID-SARI) from the ICD-10 based SARI sentinel, we estimated age-specific incidences for COVID-SARI hospitalization and ICU for the first five COVID-19 waves in Germany and compared these to incidences from notification data on COVID-19 cases using relative change Δ𝑟 at the peak of each wave. Findings: The COVID-SARI incidence from sentinel data matched the notified COVID-19 hospitalization incidence in the first wave with Δ𝑟=6% but was higher during second to fourth wave (Δ𝑟=20% to 39%). In the fifth wave, the COVID-SARI incidence was lower than the notified COVID-19 hospitalization incidence (Δ𝑟=-39%). For all waves and all age groups, the ICU incidence estimated from COVID-SARI was more than twice the estimation from notification data. Conclusion: The use of validated SARI sentinel data adds robust and important information for assessing the true disease burden of severe COVID-19. Mandatory notifications of COVID-19 for hospital and ICU admission may underestimate (work overload in local health authorities) or overestimate (hospital admission for other reasons than the laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection) disease burden. Syndromic ICD-10 based SARI surveillance enables sustainable cross-pathogen surveillance for seasonal epidemics and pandemic preparedness of respiratory viral diseases.
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</p>
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</div>
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<div class="article-link article-html-link">
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.11.22269594v2" target="_blank">ICD-10 based syndromic surveillance enables robust estimation of burden of severe COVID-19 requiring hospitalization and intensive care treatment</a>
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</div></li>
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<li><strong>Older Adults’ Perspectives on Emergency Department Costs during COVID-19</strong> -
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<div>
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Objectives: COVID-19 has strained the household finances of many Americans already experiencing increasing healthcare expenses. Concerns about the cost of care may deter patients from seeking even urgent care from the emergency department (ED). This study examines predictors of older Americans’ concerns of ED visit costs, and how cost concerns may have influenced their ED use in the early stages of the pandemic. Study Design: This was a cross-sectional survey study using a nationally representative sample of US adults aged 50-80 years (N=2,074) in June 2020. Methods: Multivariate logistic regressions assessed the relationship between sociodemographic, insurance, and health factors with cost concerns for emergency department care. Results: Of the respondents, 80% were concerned (45% very, 35% somewhat) about costs of an ED visit and 18% were not confident in their ability to afford an ED visit. Of the entire sample, 7% had avoided ED care due to cost concerns in the past two years. Of those who may have needed ED care, 22% had avoided care. Predictors of cost-related ED avoidance included: aged 50 to 54 years (4.57 aOR [95%CI 1.44-14.54]), uninsured (2.93 aOR [95%CI 1.35-6.52]), poor-fair mental health (2.82 aOR [95%CI 1.62-4.89]), and income <$30K (2.30 aOR [95%CI 1.19-4.46]). Conclusions: During the early COVID-19 pandemic, most older US adults expressed concerns about the financial impact of ED use. Further research should examine how insurance design could alleviate the perceived financial burden of ED use and prevent cost-related care avoidance, especially for those at higher risk in future pandemic surges.
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</div>
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<div class="article-link article-html-link">
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://osf.io/preprints/socarxiv/4r8vd/" target="_blank">Older Adults’ Perspectives on Emergency Department Costs during COVID-19</a>
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</div></li>
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<li><strong>Security Motives and Negative Affective Experiences During the Early Months of the COVID-19 Pandemic</strong> -
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<div>
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Objective: Self-regulation can help individuals cope during stressful events, but little is known about why and when this might occur. We examined if being more focused on prevention was linked to negative affective experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic. We also examined possible underlying mechanisms for this association, and whether social support buffered it. Design: Pre-registered longitudinal study, with surveys every two weeks over one month (N = 1,269). Main outcome measures: Regulatory focus and worry for health (T1), adherence to self isolation and preventive health behaviors (T2), negative affective experiences, positive affect, frequency of online interactions, and perceived social support (T3). Results: Prevention focus was associated with health worries at baseline and linked to greater adherence to preventive health behaviors (T2). Only adherence to self isolation was linked to more negative affective experiences (T3). Exploratory analyses showed that prevention focus was linked to more negative affective experiences (T3), but only for participants with fewer online interactions with their family and less perceived social support from family and friends. Conclusions: Prevention motives in threatening times can be a double-edged sword, with benefits for health behaviors and consequences for negative affective experiences. Having a strong social network during these times can alleviate these consequences.
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</div>
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<div class="article-link article-html-link">
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://psyarxiv.com/xwtmy/" target="_blank">Security Motives and Negative Affective Experiences During the Early Months of the COVID-19 Pandemic</a>
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</div></li>
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<li><strong>Education, Financial Stress, and Trajectory of Mental Health During the COVID-19 Pandemic</strong> -
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<div>
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Socioeconomic disparities in mental health have been reported during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, few studies have examined the mechanisms through which such disparities in mental health occurred. This pre-registered study aimed to examine socioeconomic disparities, as indexed by education levels, in the trajectory of mental health at the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic and whether financial stress associated with the pandemic mediated socioeconomic disparities in mental health. Data were drawn from the Love in the Time of COVID project, of which we included four waves of data (N = 2,204) collected between March 27th and June 21st, 2020. Education was assessed at baseline, and mental health outcomes (i.e., eudaimonic well-being, positive affect, negative affect, depressive and anxious symptoms) and financial stress associated with the COVID-19 pandemic were assessed at each wave. Results indicated that there were educational disparities in eudaimonic well-being, negative affect, and depressive and anxiety symptoms at baseline, with those with lower education levels reporting poorer mental health. However, education did not amplify disparities in mental health outcomes over time, showing no associations with the rates of change in mental health outcomes. Financial stress mediated the associations between education and eudaimonic well-being, negative affect, and depressive and anxious symptoms at baseline, and there were no temporal variations in the mediation effects of financial stress. These results highlight persistent educational disparities in mental health at the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic, and such educational disparities may be partially explained by financial stress associated with the COVID-19 pandemic.
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</div>
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<div class="article-link article-html-link">
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://psyarxiv.com/tvry4/" target="_blank">Education, Financial Stress, and Trajectory of Mental Health During the COVID-19 Pandemic</a>
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</div></li>
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<li><strong>Sexual Desire in the Time of COVID-19: How COVID-Related Stressors are Associated with Sexual Desire in Romantic Relationships</strong> -
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<div>
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The COVID-19 pandemic and the resulting social distancing measures have caused widespread social and economic disruptions, resulting in spikes in unemployment and financial instability, along with drastic changes to people’s ability to feel socially connected. Many of the changes resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic are risk factors for depressive symptoms, which are associated with lower levels of sexual desire. The current research (N = 4,993) examined whether responses to external stressors brought on by COVID-19 (i.e., financial concern, worry, loneliness, stress) were associated with sexual desire among a multi-national sample of people in relationships (Studies 1-2), and whether this association was, in part, due to reports of depressive symptoms (Study 2). In the period immediately following the onset of the pandemic, more financial concern (Study 1) and worry (Study 2) were associated with higher sexual desire, while other factors, like stress (Studies 1-2), were associated with lower desire. We also followed a subset of participants every two weeks during the initial stages of the pandemic and at times when people reported greater stress, loneliness, financial strain, or worry than their average, they reported greater depressive symptoms, which, was in turn, associated with lower sexual desire. Results suggest that the social isolation and stress resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic has mixed associations with sexual desire at the onset of the pandemic. But over time, when people report heightened COVID-related stressors, they tend to report lower sexual desire for their partner, in part because these stressors are associated with more depressive symptoms.
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</div>
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<div class="article-link article-html-link">
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://psyarxiv.com/nxkgp/" target="_blank">Sexual Desire in the Time of COVID-19: How COVID-Related Stressors are Associated with Sexual Desire in Romantic Relationships</a>
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</div></li>
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<li><strong>Having a Prevention Regulatory Focus Longitudinally Predicts Distress and Health-Protective Behaviors During the COVID-9 Pandemic</strong> -
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<div>
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Background: Past research has shown that regulatory focus shapes people’s health and well-being, with those who are focused on prevention (vs. promotion) being more motivated by safety and being less inclined to take risks. Purpose: In the current study, we tested if having a prevention (vs. promotion) focus before the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak predicted perceptions and health outcomes and threat over the course of the pandemic. Methods: Participants (N = 161, 51.6% women; Mage = 34.04, SD = 7.77) took part in a longitudinal study. Measures were assessed before the pandemic was declared (in November 2019, T1) and after a global pandemic was declared (on June 2020, T2). Results: Results suggest that people who were more focused on prevention prior to the onset of the pandemic (at T1) perceived greater risk of contracting COVID-19, were more worried about being infected, and engaged in more preventative behaviors during the pandemic (at T2). Additionally, they also reported less anxiety and felt healthier (at T2). Conclusions: People focused on prevention (i.e., motivated by security) are more aware of health threats and more likely to engage in health-protective behaviors. Acting in accordance to their motives seems to help these people to experience better health and reduces anxiety about health even during a pandemic.
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<div class="article-link article-html-link">
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://psyarxiv.com/k7j6h/" target="_blank">Having a Prevention Regulatory Focus Longitudinally Predicts Distress and Health-Protective Behaviors During the COVID-9 Pandemic</a>
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<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-clinical-trials">From Clinical Trials</h1>
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<ul>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Recombinant Omicron-Delta COVID-19 Vaccine (CHO Cell)</strong> - <b>Condition</b>: COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>: Biological: Recombinant Omicron-Delta COVID-19 Vaccine (CHO Cell); Biological: Inactivated COVID-19 vaccine (Vero Cell)<br/><b>Sponsors</b>: Anhui Zhifei Longcom Biologic Pharmacy Co., Ltd.; First Affiliated Hospital Bengbu Medical College<br/><b>Active, not recruiting</b></p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A Phase III Study to Evaluate Immunogenicity and Safety of COVID-19 Vaccine EuCorVac-19 in Healthy Adults</strong> - <b>Condition</b>: COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>: Biological: EuCorVac-19; Biological: ChAdOx1<br/><b>Sponsor</b>: EuBiologics Co.,Ltd<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>COVID-19 Testing and Vaccine Literacy for Women With Criminal Legal System Involvement</strong> - <b>Condition</b>: COVID-19 Pandemic<br/><b>Intervention</b>: Behavioral: Tri-City COVID Attitudes Study<br/><b>Sponsor</b>: University of Kansas Medical Center<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>JT001 (VV116) for the Treatment of COVID-19</strong> - <b>Condition</b>: Mild to Moderate COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>: Drug: JT001; Drug: Placebo<br/><b>Sponsors</b>: Shanghai Vinnerna Biosciences Co., Ltd.; Sponsor GmbH<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Information Provision and Consistency Framing to Increase COVID-19 Booster Uptake</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>: COVID-19; Vaccines<br/><b>Interventions</b>: Behavioral: Reminder that facilitates action; Behavioral: Consistency framing; Behavioral: Information provision about the uniqueness of the bivalent booster; Behavioral: Information provision about bivalent booster eligibility; Behavioral: Information provision about the severity of COVID-19 symptoms<br/><b>Sponsor</b>: University of California, Los Angeles<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Respiratory Muscles After Inspiratory Muscle Training After COVID-19</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>: COVID-19; Diaphragm Injury<br/><b>Intervention</b>: Device: Inspiratory Muscle Training (IMT)<br/><b>Sponsors</b>: RWTH Aachen University; Philipps University Marburg Medical Center<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>COVID-19 Simulation Education on Nursing Students</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>: COVID-19 Pandemic; Simulation of Physical Illness<br/><b>Interventions</b>: Behavioral: Simulation training; Other: Control Group<br/><b>Sponsor</b>: Mehmet Akif Ersoy University<br/><b>Completed</b></p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>COVID-19 Booster Dose Reminder/Recall for Adolescents</strong> - <b>Condition</b>: COVID-19 Vaccines<br/><b>Intervention</b>: Behavioral: Reminder/Recall Sent Via Preferred Method of Communication<br/><b>Sponsor</b>: Marshfield Clinic Research Foundation<br/><b>Active, not recruiting</b></p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>OPtimisation of Antiviral Therapy in Immunocompromised COVID-19 Patients: a Randomized Factorial Controlled Strategy Trial</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>: COVID-19; Immunodeficiency<br/><b>Interventions</b>: Drug: Paxlovid 5 days; Drug: Paxlovid 10 days; Drug: Tixagevimab and Cilgavimab<br/><b>Sponsors</b>: ANRS, Emerging Infectious Diseases; University Hospital, Geneva<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Boost Intentions and Facilitate Action to Promote Covid-19 Booster Take-up</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>: COVID-19; Vaccines<br/><b>Interventions</b>: Behavioral: Eligibility reminder; Behavioral: Link to a narrow set of vaccine venues; Behavioral: Link to a broad set of vaccine venues; Behavioral: Doctors’ recommendation and value of vaccine<br/><b>Sponsor</b>: University of California, Los Angeles<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Effects of Prompt to Bundle Covid-19 Booster and Flu Shot</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>: COVID-19; Vaccines<br/><b>Interventions</b>: Behavioral: Reminder to boost protection against COVID-19; Behavioral: Flu Tag Along; Behavioral: COVID-19 Booster & Flu Bundle<br/><b>Sponsor</b>: University of California, Los Angeles<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>COVID-19 MP Biomedicals SARS-CoV-2 Ag OTC: Clinical Evaluation</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>: SARS-CoV2 Infection; COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>: Device: iCura COVID-19 Antigen Rapid Home Test; Device: RT-PCR Test<br/><b>Sponsors</b>: MP Biomedicals, LLC; EDP Biotech<br/><b>Completed</b></p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>COVID-19 MP Biomedicals Rapid SARS-CoV-2 Antigen Test Usability</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>: Sars-CoV-2 Infection; COVID-19<br/><b>Intervention</b>: Device: Rapid SARS-CoV-2 Antigen Test<br/><b>Sponsors</b>: MP Biomedicals, LLC; EDP Biotech<br/><b>Completed</b></p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Safety and Immunogenicity of AdCLD-CoV19-1 OMI as a Booster: A SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) Preventive Vaccine</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>: COVID-19; Vaccines<br/><b>Interventions</b>: Biological: AdCLD-CoV19-1 OMI (Part A); Biological: AdCLD-CoV19-1 OMI (Part B); Other: Placebo (Part B)<br/><b>Sponsor</b>: Cellid Co., Ltd.<br/><b>Active, not recruiting</b></p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Safety and Dosage of a Computerized Cognitive Training Program for Cognitive Dysfunction After COVID-19</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>: Post-Acute COVID-19; Post Acute COVID-19 Syndrome; Cognitive Dysfunction; Cognitive Impairment<br/><b>Intervention</b>: Behavioral: CCT Long COVID<br/><b>Sponsor</b>: Universidad Antonio de Nebrija<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
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</ul>
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<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-pubmed">From PubMed</h1>
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<ul>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Therapeutic use of calpeptin in COVID-19 infection</strong> - This perspective considers the benefits of the potential future use of the cell permeant calpain inhibitor, calpeptin, as a drug to treat severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Recent work has reported calpeptin’s capacity to inhibit entry of the virus into cells. Elsewhere, several drugs, including calpeptin, were found to be able to inhibit extracellular vesicle (EV) biogenesis. Unsurprisingly, because of similarities between viral and EV release mechanisms,…</p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Human ZBP1 induces cell death-independent inflammatory signaling via RIPK3 and RIPK1</strong> - ZBP1 is an interferon-induced cytosolic nucleic acid sensor that facilitates antiviral responses via RIPK3. Although ZBP1-mediated programmed cell death is widely described, whether and how it promotes inflammatory signaling is unclear. Here, we report a ZBP1-induced inflammatory signaling pathway mediated by K63- and M1-linked ubiquitin chains, which depends on RIPK1 and RIPK3 as scaffolds independently of cell death. In human HT29 cells, ZBP1 associated with RIPK1 and RIPK3 as well as…</p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Post COVID-19 neuropsychiatric complications and therapeutic role for TNF-α inhibitors: a case series study</strong> - CONCLUSIONS: To our knowledge, this report is the first case series study that suggests TNF inhibitors in the treatment of post-COVID-19 syndrome, especially neuropsychological complications. However, future studies should evaluate the best therapeutic options for this syndrome.</p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Gossypol Broadly Inhibits Coronaviruses by Targeting RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerases</strong> - Outbreaks of coronaviruses (CoVs), especially severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), have posed serious threats to humans and animals, which urgently calls for effective broad-spectrum antivirals. RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) plays an essential role in viral RNA synthesis and is an ideal pan-coronaviral therapeutic target. Herein, based on cryo-electron microscopy and biochemical approaches, gossypol (GOS) is identified from 881 natural products to directly block…</p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Antiviral activity and mechanism of the antifungal drug, anidulafungin, suggesting its potential to promote treatment of viral diseases</strong> - CONCLUSIONS: The results demonstrated that the antifungal drug, anidulafungin, could effectively inhibit virus infection by interfering with virus entry, suggesting it may be utilized for the clinical treatment of infectious viral diseases, in addition to its FDA-approved use as an antifungal. The findings also suggested to further evaluate the anti-viral effects of echinocandins and their clinical importance for patients with infection of viruses, which may promote therapeutic strategies as…</p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Potent inhibition of diverse Omicron sublineages by SARS-CoV-2 fusion-inhibitory lipopeptides</strong> - The emergence and rapid spreading of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs) have posed a great challenge to the efficacy of vaccines and therapeutic antibodies, calling for antivirals that can overcome viral evasion. We recently reported that SARS-CoV-2 fusion-inhibitory lipopeptides, IPB02V3 and IPB24, possessed the potent activities against divergent VOCs, including Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta, and the initial Omicron strain (B.1.1.529); however, multiple Omicron sublineages have emerged and…</p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Selenium and COVID-19: A spotlight on the clinical trials, inventive compositions, and patent literature</strong> - Selenium is an indispensable trace element for all living organisms. It is an essential structural component of several selenium-dependent enzymes, which support the human body’s defense mechanism. Recently, the significance of selenium in preventing/treating COVID-19 has been documented in the literature. This review highlights the clinical studies, compositions, and patent literature on selenium to prevent/treat COVID-19. Selenium exerts its anti-COVID-19 action by reducing oxidative stress,…</p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Rapalogs downmodulate intrinsic immunity and promote cell entry of SARS-CoV-2</strong> - SARS-CoV-2 infection in immunocompromised individuals is associated with prolonged virus shedding and evolution of viral variants. Rapamycin and its analogs (rapalogs, including everolimus, temsirolimus, and ridaforolimus) are FDA-approved as mTOR inhibitors for the treatment of human diseases, including cancer and autoimmunity. Rapalog use is commonly associated with increased susceptibility to infection, which has been traditionally explained by impaired adaptive immunity. Here, we show that…</p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Combined Molnupiravir and Nirmatrelvir Treatment Improves the Inhibitory Effect on SARS-CoV-2 in Rhesus Macaques</strong> - The periodic emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs) with unpredictable clinical severity and ability to escape preexisting immunity emphasizes the continued need for antiviral interventions. Two small molecule inhibitors, molnupiravir (MK-4482), a nucleoside analog, and nirmatrelvir (PF-07321332), a 3C-like protease inhibitor, have each recently been approved as monotherapy for use in high risk COVID-19 patients. As preclinical data are only available for rodent and ferret models, we…</p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Evaluation of endogenous and therapeutic 25-hydroxycholesterols in murine models of pulmonary SARS-CoV-2 infection</strong> - Oxysterols (i.e., oxidized cholesterol species) have complex roles in biology. 25-hydroxycholesterol (25HC), a product of activity of cholesterol-25-hydroxylase (CH25H) upon cholesterol, has recently been shown to be broadly antiviral, suggesting therapeutic potential against SARS-CoV-2. However, 25HC can also amplify inflammation and tissue injury and be converted by CYP7B1 to 7α,25HC, a lipid with chemoattractant activity via the G protein-coupled receptor, EBI2/GPR183. Here, using in vitro…</p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A systematic literature review informing the consensus statement on efficacy and safety of pharmacological treatment with interleukin-6 pathway inhibition with biological DMARDs in immune-mediated inflammatory diseases</strong> - CONCLUSION: IL-6 inhibition is effective for treatment of several inflammatory diseases with a safety profile that is widely comparable to other bDMARDs.</p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Pulmonary drug delivery: an effective and convenient delivery route to combat COVID-19</strong> - The recent outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Wuhan, China has spread rapidly around the world, leading to a widespread and urgent effort to develop and use comprehensive approaches in the treatment of COVID-19. While oral therapy is accepted as an effective and simple method, since the primary site of infection and disease progression of COVID-19 is mainly through the lungs, inhaled drug delivery directly to the lungs may be the most appropriate route of administration. To…</p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination in Kidney Transplant Recipients-Stratified Analysis of the Humoral Immune Response</strong> - CONCLUSIONS: Apart from immunosuppressive therapy, the humoral vaccination response is largely affected by nonmodifiable factors in kidney transplant recipients. With the currently leading and clinically easier Omicron variant, this puts into perspective the strategy to significantly enhance the protective efficacy of the available vaccines by reducing or temporarily stopping proliferation inhibitors, not least considering the inherent rejection risk with a possible deterioration of graft…</p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Microbiome analysis revealing microbial interactions and secondary bacterial infections in COVID-19 patients co-morbidly affected by type 2 diabetes</strong> - CONCLUSIONS: The dysbiosis of the bacterial community might be linked with severe consequences of COVID-19 infected diabetic patients, although few probiotic strains inhibited numerous pathogens in the same pathological niches. This study suggested that the promotion of normal-flora and probiotics through dietary supplementation and excessive inflammation reduction by preventing secondary infections might lead to a better outcome for those co-morbid patients. This article is protected by…</p></li>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>DNA damage contributes to age-associated differences in SARS-CoV-2 infection</strong> - Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is known to disproportionately affect older individuals. How aging processes affect SARS-CoV-2 infection and disease progression remains largely unknown. Here, we found that DNA damage, one of the hallmarks of aging, promoted SARS-CoV-2 infection in vitro and in vivo. SARS-CoV-2 entry was facilitated by DNA damage caused by extrinsic genotoxic stress or telomere dysfunction and…</p></li>
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</ul>
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<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-patent-search">From Patent Search</h1>
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