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Pelosi will lead a slim Democratic House majority in the 117th Congress.

California Democratic Rep. Nancy Pelosi has been elected to another term — her fourth — as speaker of the House of Representatives, one she has promised will be her last.

By a vote of 216 to 209 Sunday, with three members voting present and several others either absent or voting for other candidates, Democratic lawmakers once again gave Pelosi the gavel just hours after the historically diverse 117th Congress was sworn in.

Pelosi, 80, previously made history as the first woman to be elected speaker, and she has again made history on Sunday by becoming the oldest American to be elected to the role. Renowned House Speaker Sam Rayburn of Texas, who previously held that honor, was 78 when elected for his final term.

Pelosi faced no challengers, but had little margin for error given her party’s slender majority in the new Congress. Despite having expected to expand their majority in the 2020 elections, Democrats actually lost ground and now hold just 222 seats in the chamber — four more than the 218 needed for a bare majority — with two races still undecided. In total, the GOP picked up at least nine seats.

To retain the speakership, Pelosi needed only to receive a simple majority of votes in the full House. But she faced questions over whether she would be able to achieve that majority.

Among other issues, several Democratic House members — such as Wisconsin Rep. Gwen Moore — have tested positive for the coronavirus in recent weeks. Moore ultimately ended up voting on the House floor anyway, despite not having tested negative for Covid-19 since her positive test on December 28.

The absence of two Republican representatives-elect because of positive Covid-19 tests — David Valadao of California and Maria Elvira Salazar of Florida — also made the math somewhat easier for Pelosi.

Nonetheless, there was concern that, as in 2018, Pelosi would face opposition to her bid from within the Democratic Party — and that this time it might be enough to derail her chances.

After the 2018 midterms, more than a dozen Democrats opposed another speaker’s term for Pelosi, arguing that their party needed new leadership. Some of those who were against Pelosi then, like former New York Rep. Max Rose, lost reelection; others, like Pennsylvania’s Rep. Conor Lamb, remain in the House. Ahead of Sunday’s vote, there were lingering questions about how these lawmakers — as well as first-term members who had been silent about their intentions — might vote on Sunday.

Lamb voted for New York Rep. Hakeem Jeffries, the chair of the House Democratic Caucus, on Sunday.

But Jeffries himself was confident about Pelosi’s chances ahead of the vote Sunday, telling Fox News, “Nancy Pelosi will be the next speaker of the United States House of Representatives and I look forward to placing her name into nomination.”

And Virginia Rep. Gerry Connolly suggested to CNN that concerns about Pelosi’s ability to secure majority support were overblown, saying, “If Nancy can do anything, it is that she knows how to count.”

Ultimately, Pelosi was able to marshal enough votes to stay in power, with previously undeclared first-term members like New York Rep. Jamaal Bowman choosing to support her for a fourth term as speaker.

However, the 117th Congress will likely be Pelosi’s last as speaker. In 2018, she struck a deal with Democrats who opposed her run — promising that she would abide by proposed term limits for House leadership, meaning she would be able to serve only four more years.

Pelosi will face a new set of challenges in the 117th Congress

Now that she has secured her position as speaker, Pelosi will face the early challenge of her majority dwindling even further, albeit likely just temporarily.

At least three House Democrats — Reps. Cedric Richmond, Marcia Fudge, and Deb Haaland — have been tapped for jobs in the Biden administration, leaving their seats vacant. (Richmond, who is in line to serve as director of the White House Office of Public Engagement, does not need to be confirmed for the job, though Fudge and Haaland do.)

All three currently serve in comfortably Democratic districts which are likely to remain blue if their current occupants leave for a Biden administration — but the seats will take time to fill, temporarily leaving Pelosi with as few as 219 Democratic votes.

Even once those seats are filled — assuming they are won by Democrats, as is likely — Pelosi will have to find a way to govern an occasionally fractious, diverse caucus and pass legislation with fewer votes to spare than she had in the last Congress. Unless she wins Republican votes, which is an unlikely prospect when it comes to many Democratic legislative priorities, she’ll be able to lose just four votes.

And Pelosi will preside over a deeply divided caucus — a split that was evident in the days immediately following the election, in which moderate members blamed progressives for losses, and that saw progressives call for even bolder action on issues like immigration and education.

The need for nearly every vote from both sides of the caucus will give individual members a greater ability to force compromises on legislation, a fact Washington Rep. Pramila Jayapal, chair of the Congressional Progressive Caucus, acknowledged recently.

“Anytime you have a very narrow majority it gives a lot of different parts of the caucus power. Progressives will have power but so will more conservative Democrats. So this will have to be a case where we are thoughtful, careful on how and when we weigh in on things and work as much as we can across the caucus as well,” Jayapal told Newsweek in December.

However, it’s not all bad news for Pelosi. For the first time since she yielded the speaker’s gavel in January 2011 following a Republican wave in the 2010 midterm elections, she will have an ally in the White House in the form of President-elect Joe Biden. What’s more, should Democrats win a pair of Senate runoffs in Georgia this week, the Democratic Party could enjoy unified control of the government for the first time since January 2011.

If Democratic Senate nominees Jon Ossoff and Rev. Raphael Warnock win out against incumbent Republican Sens. David Perdue and Kelly Loeffler Tuesday, Vice President-elect Kamala Harris will become the tie-breaking vote on January 20, tipping control of the chamber to the Democratic Party and making New York Sen. Chuck Schumer the majority leader.

Trump told the Georgia official: “I just want to find 11,780 votes.”

President Donald Trump asked Georgia Secretary of State Brad Raffensperger, a Republican, to “find” almost 12,000 nonexistent votes during a Saturday phone call, according to a report by Amy Gardner of the Washington Post. Inventing those votes would change the outcome of the election in that state, tipping its electoral votes to Trump over President-elect Joe Biden.

Over the course of a more than hour-long phone call, a recording of which was obtained by the Post, Trump raised a series of baseless, debunked conspiracy theories — and variously cajoled and threatened Raffensperger to find some way to award him the victory in Georgia, a state Trump lost by 11,779 votes.

“All I want to do is this,” Trump told Raffensperger on the call. “I just want to find 11,780 votes, which is one more than we have. Because we won the state.”

Ryan Germany, the general counsel to the Georgia secretary of state’s office, was also on the call, according to the Post, as were White House chief of staff Mark Meadows and conservative lawyer Cleta Mitchell.

Trump had earlier acknowledged the call in a tweet, but framed it very differently, claiming the men spoke about allegations of election fraud, which Raffensperger has disproven several times. Sunday’s Washington Post story reveals what was discussed in far more detail.

“I spoke to Secretary of State Brad Raffensperger yesterday about Fulton County and voter fraud in Georgia,” Trump tweeted Sunday morning. “He was unwilling, or unable, to answer questions such as the ‘ballots under table’ scam, ballot destruction, out of state ‘voters’, dead voters, and more. He has no clue!”

I spoke to Secretary of State Brad Raffensperger yesterday about Fulton County and voter fraud in Georgia. He was unwilling, or unable, to answer questions such as the “ballots under table” scam, ballot destruction, out of state “voters”, dead voters, and more. He has no clue!

— Donald J. Trump (@realDonaldTrump) January 3, 2021

Audio from the full 62-minute call was published by the Post Sunday, including an exchange where Trump threatens Raffensperger and Germany with imminent legal consequences should they fail to overturn the already certified results.

“That’s a criminal offense,” Trump tells Raffensperger and Germany on the call, apparently in reference to Raffensperger not reporting made-up instances of election fraud. “And you can’t let that happen. That’s a big risk to you and to Ryan, your lawyer. And that’s a big risk.”

Trump also raised a number of conspiracy theories resembling those promoted by onetime Trump lawyer Sidney Powell, who was cut loose by the Trump campaign’s legal team as her election fraud allegations became increasingly outlandish.

Powell, who has pushed a series of election lawsuits with scant — and sometimes purely fictitious — evidence of fraud. She has also repeatedly falsely asserted that voting machines designed by Dominion Voting Systems helped to steal the 2020 election from Trump.

In reality, President-elect Joe Biden won the 2020 presidential election by 306 electoral votes to Trump’s 232, and with a popular vote margin of more than 7 million votes. Recounts in battleground states like Georgia and Wisconsin — both won by Biden — have turned up no evidence of large-scale fraud or irregularities that could have affected the results of the election.

In all 50 states and Washington, DC, the election results have been carefully reviewed by state officials and certified as accurate. And Dominion’s machines have been found to have operated correctly.

Nonetheless, Trump aired a version of the Dominion conspiracy during his Saturday call.

“Now, do you think it’s possible that they shredded ballots in Fulton County?” Trump asked Germany on the call. “Because that’s what the rumor is. And also that Dominion took out machines. That Dominion is really moving fast to get rid of their machinery. Do you know anything about that? Because that’s illegal, right?”

As Germany affirmed on the call, none of Trump’s allegations are true.

Despite the Trump legal team’s move to disavow Powell, Trump has reportedly remained enamored with her theories. According to a New York Times report from December, he briefly considered naming Powell as special counsel to investigate his baseless claims of voter fraud, though he was ultimately talked down by aides.

And as recently as Sunday, he retweeted a message from Powell alleging — again, without even a shred of evidence — “massive fraud.”

This “election” was stolen from the voters in a massive fraud that you & others are now complicit in. American elections are supposed to be completely auditable and transparent. #WeThePeople demand the Truth & the prosecutions of all who committed voter fraud. @realDonaldTrump https://t.co/Gd4vNmGxHV

— Sidney Powell ⭐⭐⭐ #Kraken (@SidneyPowell1) January 3, 2021

According to the Washington Post, Trump’s remarks on the call Saturday raise the possibility of additional legal problems for a president already facing quite a few potential criminal investigations upon leaving office. The report noted, however, that there is no clear-cut offense revealed on the call and that any possible charges would ultimately be “subject to prosecutorial discretion.”

As CNN reporter Ryan Struyk pointed out on Twitter Sunday, US law makes it a crime to “‘knowingly and willfully ... attempt to deprive or defraud the residents of a State of a fair and impartially conducted election process’ by ‘the procurement ... of ballots that are known by the person to be materially false.’”

52 US Code §20511 makes it illegal to "knowingly and willfully... attempt to deprive or defraud the residents of a State of a fair and impartially conducted election process" by "the procurement... of ballots that are known by the person to be materially false."

— Ryan Struyk (@ryanstruyk) January 3, 2021

Trump may also have landed himself in legal peril at the state level. According to Politico reporter Kyle Cheney, “conspiracy to commit election fraud” and “criminal solicitation to commit election fraud” are both crimes in Georgia, and some legal experts believe Trump’s comments Saturday violated state law.

Other reporters, such as Business Insider’s Grace Panetta, have pointed out that Trump’s comments are strikingly similar to those he was impeached over in late 2019, after his pressure campaign against the president of Ukraine seeking to extort an investigation into Biden and his son, Hunter Biden, came to light.

This is shockingly similar to what Trump was impeached over https://t.co/gqV2llatQu

— Grace Panetta (@grace_panetta) January 3, 2021

In a statement Sunday, a Biden adviser condemned Trump’s election pressure campaign.

“We now have irrefutable proof of a president pressuring and threatening an official of his own party to get him to rescind a state’s lawful, certified vote count and fabricate another in its place,” former Obama White House counsel and current Biden senior adviser Bob Bauer said.

Saturday’s call isn’t the first time Trump has tried to subvert democracy

Though Sunday’s Washington Post scoop provides arguably the starkest example of Trump’s long-running attempts to subvert democracy in order to remain in power — not to mention a more than passing resemblance to President Richard Nixon’s presidency-ending tapes — it is by no means the only time Trump has mounted an effort of this sort since losing reelection.

In at least three other battleground states that he lost to Biden — Arizona, Michigan, and Pennsylvania — Trump has directly reached out to lawmakers and other officials to urge them to help him overturn the election results in their states, potentially awarding him an unelected second term in office.

In Pennsylvania, one Republican lawmaker — state Senate Majority Leader Kim Ward — told the New York Times that she chose not to push back on Trump’s baseless fraud accusations.

“If I would say to you, ‘I don’t want to do it,’” she said in December, “I’d get my house bombed tonight.”

But Trump’s antidemocratic efforts have been most acute in Georgia — possibly because the state remains in the news this month, more than 60 days after the presidential election, in the run-up to two crucial Senate runoffs this Tuesday that will decide partisan control of the chamber.

In his call Saturday, Trump suggested that this was the case to Raffensperger.

“You have a big election coming up and because of what you’ve done to the president — you know, the people of Georgia know that this was a scam,” Trump said on the call. “Because of what you’ve done to the president, a lot of people aren’t going out to vote, and a lot of Republicans are going to vote negative, because they hate what you did to the president.”

Georgia voters set a record for early-voting turnout ahead of Tuesday’s runoffs, according to the Atlanta Journal-Constitution, with more than 3 million votes cast ahead of Election Day on January 5. But as Vox’s Aaron Rupar has written, there are some indications Trump’s efforts to spread doubt about the security of the election may have depressed Republican participation so far.

And Republicans are likely to need every vote to ensure victories in both races. Polling suggests that both races are more or less a toss-up: According to FiveThirtyEight’s polling averages, Democratic Senate candidates Jon Ossoff and Rev. Raphael Warnock lead incumbent Republican Sens. David Perdue and Kelly Loeffler by around 2 percentage points each.

Trump will be back in Georgia on Monday for a final preelection rally, though if his last Georgia rally is any indication, he will likely stray to other topics, such as his grievances against Raffensperger and Georgia Gov. Brian Kemp.

“You would be respected, really respected if this thing could be straightened out before the election,” Trump told Raffensperger on the call Saturday. “You have a big election coming up on Tuesday.”

To date, Raffensperger has resisted Trump’s efforts to overturn the election, and Sunday, responded to Trump’s characterization of the call by tweeting, “Respectfully, President Trump: What you’re saying is not true. The truth will come out.”

Democrats face a narrow House majority, with control of the Senate to be decided in two Georgia runoff elections.

A historic new Congress was sworn in on Sunday, one that narrowed the margin of control in both chambers and brought a diverse class of first-term members to Capitol Hill.

In the House of Representatives, a previously robust Democratic majority shrank to just 222 seats — four more than the 218 needed for a bare majority — with two races still undecided, for a net GOP pickup of nine seats.

One Republican House member, Iowa Rep. Mariannette Miller-Meeks, was seated provisionally, as her opponent continues to contest Miller-Meeks’s six-vote margin of victory, and New York’s 22nd Congressional District will be temporarily without a representative as incumbent Rep. Anthony Brindisi’s race remains too close to call.

And another House district in Louisiana will remain vacant for the time being after the sudden death of Representative-elect Luke Letlow from Covid-19 complications last week. Letlow, 41, had won a runoff in Louisiana’s Fifth Congressional District; now, a special election will be held to fill his seat.

Despite Letlow’s tragic death, adherence to the House’s mask policy was a flashpoint Sunday as new members were sworn in: At least two new Republican members clashed with House staff on the issue Sunday, according to Punchbowl News’s Jake Sherman.

2 new Republicans — including @mtgreenee — are being told by House floor staff that they have to put their masks on. as of now, they seem to be telling the floor staff that they will not put it on.

Taylor Greene is leaving the floor with the other R, who were trying to ID

— Jake Sherman (@JakeSherman) January 3, 2021

The Republican Senate majority, meanwhile, dwindled slightly to just 51 seats ahead of a pair of decisive runoffs in Georgia this Tuesday. That’s down from Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell’s 53-seat margin for most of the 116th Congress, a majority that fell briefly to just 52 seats last month after Arizona Sen. Mark Kelly, a Democrat, was sworn in on December 2 following his special-election victory.

The Georgia runoffs mean that the Senate seat previously belonging to incumbent Sen. David Perdue will temporarily stand vacant between Sunday and the January 5 election, though Sen. Kelly Loeffler, who is facing a special election runoff, will retain hers at least through January 5.

Beyond Kelly winning a seat previously held by Republican Sen. Martha McSally, two other Senate seats changed hands in November, with Democratic Sen. John Hickenlooper ousting incumbent Republican Sen. Cory Gardner in Colorado and Republican Sen. Tommy Tuberville defeating incumbent Democrat Sen. Doug Jones in Alabama. However, given the affiliations of both victors, those elections will have no effect on the chamber’s overall balance of power.

A first-term class full of firsts

In addition to the partisan changes, the 117th Congress has ushered in a number of demographic firsts.

In the House, Rep. Mondaire Jones (D-NY) became the first openly gay Black man to serve in Congress, while Democrat New York Rep. Ritchie Torres became the first openly gay Afro-Latino member.

Rep. Stephanie Brice (R-IA) is now the first Iranian-American person in Congress.

Reps. Marilyn Strickland (D-WA), Young Kim (R-CA), and Michelle Steel (R-CA) are the first Korean-American women in Congress.

And at just 25 years old, Rep. Madison Cawthorn (R-NC) is the youngest person to serve in Congress in the modern era, according to CNN.

The new House also includes more women than ever, breaking a record set by the 116th Congress. Of the 118 women in the House, 89 are Democrats and 29 Republicans.

Another notable first is the presence of two open supporters of the viral QAnon conspiracy theory, which posits the existence of a global cabal of Satanic pedophiles and which has been repeatedly amplified by President Donald Trump.

The FBI has labeled QAnon a domestic terrorism threat, and the conspiracy, which counts among its adherents Reps. Marjorie Taylor Greene (R-GA) and Lauren Boebert (R-CO), has been linked to multiple real-world acts of violence, including at least one murder.

A new test for Nancy Pelosi

In addition to swearing in new members, the House will also elect a new speaker Sunday. Rep. Nancy Pelosi (D-CA), who reclaimed the gavel after the 2018 midterms, is expected to win another term in the job, though she’ll have little margin for error with a slender new majority.

Pelosi, 80, has led the House Democratic caucus for 17 years and must receive a simple majority of votes in the full House to retain the speakership. A handful of Democrats have already signaled they plan to refuse to back Pelosi’s bid, but likely not enough to derail Pelosi’s bid for the gavel.

However, the 117th Congress will likely be Pelosi’s last as speaker. In 2018, she struck a deal with fellow Democrats in the House that she would only seek two more years in the job, according to CNN.

Should she again become speaker, Pelosi will face the early challenge of her majority dwindling even further, albeit likely just temporarily. At least three House Democrats — Reps. Cedric Richmond, Marcia Fudge, and Deb Haaland — have been tapped for jobs in the Biden administration, leaving their seats vacant. (Richmond, who is in line to serve as director of the White House Office of Public Engagement, does not need to be confirmed for the job, though Fudge and Haaland do.)

All three currently serve in comfortably Democratic districts which are likely to remain blue if their current occupants leave for a Biden administration — but the seats will take time to fill, temporarily leaving Pelosi with as few as 219 Democratic votes.

The Senate is still up in the air

In the Senate, McConnell’s slim majority — and thus his tenure as majority leader in the 117th Congress — could prove ephemeral, depending on how Tuesday’s high-stakes Georgia runoffs shake out.

With two days until voters head to the polls in Georgia, incumbent Republicans Perdue and Loeffler both trail their respective Democratic challengers — Jon Ossoff and Rev. Raphael Warnock — by less than 2 percentage points, according to FiveThirtyEight’s polling average, making both of the races essentially toss-ups.

Biden won the state in November this year, becoming the first Democratic presidential candidate to win in Georgia since 1992, and Trump has focused much of his ire over his election loss on Georgia Secretary of State Brad Raffensperger and Georgia Gov. Brian Kemp.

If Democrats win both races, however, that will boost their margin in the chamber to 50 seats (counting independent Sens. Bernie Sanders and Angus King, who caucus with Senate Democrats). With the inclusion of Vice President-elect Kamala Harris, who could become the tie-breaking vote once she’s sworn in on January 20, Democrats would hold the majority for the first time since the 113th Congress, which ended in January 2015.

Warnock’s victory would be particularly historic: If he wins, he will be the first Black senator ever elected in the state of Georgia.

If either Perdue or Loeffler, or both, win reelection, though, McConnell will hold onto the majority, and President-elect Joe Biden is likely to find working with the Senate much more difficult.

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