Background The use of antigen rapid tests (Ag-RDTs) for self-testing is an important element of the COVID-19 control strategy and has been widely supported. However, scale-up of self-testing for COVID-19 in sub-Saharan Africa is still insufficient and there is limited evidence on the acceptability of self-testing and agreement between Ag-RDT self-testing and Ag-RDT testing by professional users. A joint collaboration (BRCCH-EDCTP COVID-19 Initiative) was established between Lesotho and Zambia to address these gaps in relation to Ag-RDT self-testing and contribute to increasing its use in the region. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted with qualitative and quantitative data analysis. Firstly, 11 in-depth cognitive interviews (5 in Zambia and 9 in Lesotho) were performed to assess the participants’ understanding of the instructions for use (IFU) for self-testing. In a second step, evaluation of test agreement between Ag-RDT self-testing and Ag-RDT testing by professional user using SD Biosensor STANDARD Q COVID-19 Ag-RDT was performed. In Zambia, usability and acceptability of self-testing were also assessed. Results Cognitive interviews in Lesotho and Zambia showed overall good understanding of IFU. In Zambia, acceptability of self-testing was high, though some participants had difficulties in conducting certain steps in the IFU correctly. Agreement between Ag-RDT self-test and Ag-RDT by professional users in Lesotho (428 participants) and Zambia (1136 participants) was high, 97.6% (404/414, 95% CI: 95.6-99.8) and 99.8% (1116/1118, 95% CI: 99.4-100) respectively. Conclusion Findings from this study support the use of Ag-RDT self-testing within COVID-19 control strategies in sub-Saharan Africa, contributing to increase the testing capacity and access in hard-to reach settings.
Determining ″excess mortality″ makes it possible to compare the burden of disasters between countries and over time, and thus also to evaluate the success of mitigation measures. However, the debate on Covid-19 has exposed that calculations of excess mortalities vary considerably depending on the method and its specification. Moreover, it is often unclear what exactly is meant by ″excess mortality″. We define excess mortality as the excess over the number of deaths that would have been expected counter-factually, i.e. without the catastrophic event in question. That is, we include all normally occurring flu and heat waves, which are excluded by some authors with the consequence that they almost always record low expected values and correspondingly high excess mortality rates. Based on this definition, we use a very parsimonious calculation method that is easy to understand even for laypersons, namely the linear extrapolation of death figures from previous years to determine the excess mortality during the Covid-19 pandemic. But unlike other literature on this topic, we first evaluated and optimised the specification of our method using a larger historical data set in order to identify and minimise estimation errors and biases. The result shows that the excess mortality rates continuously published by international statistical offices — OECD and Eurostat — are often inflated and would have exhibited considerable excess mortalities in many countries and periods before Covid-19, if this value had already been of public interest at that time. It also reveals that mortality rates already fluctuated strongly in the past and that in a third of the countries studied, individual values from the past exceed the current fluctuations due to the Covid-19 pandemic. Three conclusions can be drawn from this study and its findings: 1) All calculation methods for current figures should first be evaluated against past figures. 2) The definition of excess mortality used should be made explicit. 3) Statistical offices should provide more realistic estimates.
Single cell spatial interrogation of the immune-structural interactions in COVID -19 lungs is challenging, mainly because of the marked cellular infiltrate and architecturally distorted microstructure. To address this, we developed a suite of mathematical tools to search for statistically significant co-locations amongst immune and structural cells identified using 37-plex imaging mass cytometry. This unbiased method revealed a cellular map interleaved with an inflammatory network of immature neutrophils, cytotoxic CD8 T cells, megakaryocytes and monocytes co-located with regenerating alveolar progenitors and endothelium. Of note, a highly active cluster of immature neutrophils and cytotoxic CD8 T cells, was found spatially linked with alveolar progenitor cells, and temporally with the diffuse alveolar damage stage. These findings provide new insights into how immune cells interact in the lungs of severe COVID-19 disease. We provide our pipeline [Spatial Omics Oxford Pipeline (SpOOx)] and visual-analytical tool, Multi-Dimensional Viewer (MDV) software, as a resource for spatial analysis.
Abstract: Background: The outbreak of monkeypox was designated a global public health emergency by the World Health Organization on July 23, 2022. There have been more reported 60000 cases worldwide, most of which are in places where monkeypox has never been seen due to the travel of people who have the virus. This research aims to evaluate the Arabic general population on monkeypox disease, fears, and vaccine adoption after the WHO proclaimed a monkeypox epidemic and to compare these attitudes to those of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed in some Arabic countries (Syria, Egypt, Qatar, Yemen, Jordan, Sudan, Algeria, and Iraq) between August 18 and September 7, 2022 to examine the Arabic people perspectives on monkeypox disease, fears, and vaccine adoption and to compare these attitudes to those of the COVID-19 pandemic. The inclusion criteria were the general public residing in Arabic nations and older than 18. This questionnaire has 32 questions separated into three sections: sociodemographic variables, prior COVID-19 exposure, and COVID-19 vaccination history. The second portion assesses knowledge and anxieties about monkeypox, while the third section includes the generalized anxiety disorder (GAD7) scale. Logistic regression analysis were performed to compute the adjusted odds ratios (aOR), and their confidence intervals (95%CI) using STATA (version 17.0) Results: A total of 3665 respondents from 17 Arabic countries were involved in this study. Almost two third (n= 2427, 66.2%) of participants expressed more worried about COVID -19 than monkeypox diseases. Regarding the major cause for concern about monkeypox, 39.5% of participants attributed their anxiety they or a member of their family may contract the illness, while 38.4% were concerned about another worldwide pandemic of monkeypox. According to the GAD 7 score, 71.7% of respondents showed very low anxiety toward monkeypox. 43.8% of the participants scored poor levels of knowledge about monkeypox disease. Participants with previous COVID-19 infection showed greater acceptance to receive the monkeypox vaccine 1.206 times than those with no previous infection. A higher concern for the monkeypox than COVID-19 was shown by the participants who perceived monkeypox as dangerous and virulent 3.097 times than those who didn’t. Participants who have a chronic disease (aOR: 1.32; 95%CI: 1.09-1.60); participants worried about monkeypox (aOR: 1.21; 95%CI: 1.04-1.40); and perceived monkeypox as a dangerous and virulent disease (aOR: 2.25; 95%CI: 1.92-2.65); and excellent knowledge level (aOR: 2.28; 95%CI: 1.79-2.90) have emerged as significant predictors. Conclusion: Our study reported that three fourth of the participants were more concerned about COVID-19 than monkeypox disease. As well, most of the participants have inadequate levels of knowledge regarding monkeypox disease. Hence immediate action should be taken to address this problem. Consequently, it is crucial to learn about monkeypox and spread information about its prevention.
Wastewater-based epidemiology has emerged as a powerful public health tool to trace new outbreaks, detect trends in infection and provide an early warning of COVID-19 community spread. Here, we investigated the spread of SARS-CoV-2 infections across Utah by characterizing lineages and mutations detected in wastewater samples. We sequenced over 1,200 samples from 32 sewersheds collected between November 2021 and March 2022. Wastewater sequencing confirmed the presence of Omicron (B.1.1.529) in Utah in samples collected on November 19, 2021, up to ten days before its corresponding detection via clinical sequencing. Analysis of diversity of SARS-CoV-2 lineages revealed Delta as the most frequently detected lineage during November, 2021 (67.71%), but it started declining in December, 2021 with the onset of Omicron (B.1.1529) and its sub-lineage BA.1 (6.79%). Proportion of Omicron increased to ~58% by January 4th 2022 and completely displaced Delta by February 7th, 2022. Wastewater genomic surveillance revealed the presence of Omicron sub-lineage BA.3, a lineage that is yet to be identified from clinical surveillance in Utah. Interestingly, several Omicron-defining mutations began to appear in early November, 2021 and increased in prevalence across sewersheds from December to January. Our study suggests that tracking epidemiologically relevant mutations is critical in detecting emerging lineages in the early stages of an outbreak. Wastewater genomic epidemiology provides an unbiased representation of community-wide infection dynamics and is an excellent complementary tool to SARS-CoV-2 clinical surveillance, with the potential of guiding public health action and policy decisions.
A minority of people infected with SARS-CoV-2 will develop severe COVID-19 disease requiring invasive respiratory support associated with high mortality. To understand the molecular mechanisms underlying severe pathology, we conducted an unsupervised stratification of the circulating proteome that identified six endophenotypes (EPs) among 731 SARS-CoV-2 PCR-positive hospitalized participants in the Biobanque Québécoise de la COVID-19, with varying degrees of disease severity and times to intensive care unit (ICU) admission. One endophenotype, EP6, was associated with a greater proportion of ICU admission, mechanical ventilation, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and death. Clinical features of EP6 included increased levels of C-reactive protein, D-dimers, elevated neutrophils, and depleted lymphocytes. Proteomic, metabolomic, and genomic characterization supported a role for neutrophil-associated procoagulant activity in severe COVID-19 ARDS that is inversely correlated with sphinghosine-1 phosphate plasma levels. Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor (FGFR) and SH2-containing transforming protein 4 (SHC4) signaling were identified as molecular features associated with severe COVID-19. Mechanical ventilation in EP6 was associated with alterations in lipoprotein metabolism. Importantly, a prognostic model solely based on clinical laboratory measurements was developed and validated on 631 patients that generalizes the EPs to new patients and creates new opportunities for automated identification of high-risk groups in the clinic.
The dynamics of epidemiological phenomena associated to infectious diseases have long been modelled with different approaches. However, recent pandemic events exposed many areas of opportunity to improve over the existing models. We develop a model based on the idea that transitions between epidemiological stages are alike sampling processes. Such processes may involve more than one subset of the pop- ulation (e.g. infection), or they may be mostly dependent on time intervals defined by infectious or clinical criteria. The resulting modelling scheme is robust, easy to implement, and can readily lend itself for extensions aimed at answering questions that emerge from close examination of data trends, such as those emerging from the COVID-19 pandemic, and other infectious diseases.
Background: Despite its high prevalence, the determinants of smelling impairment in COVID-19 remain opaque. Olfactory bulb volumetry has been previously established as a promising surrogate marker of smelling function in multiple otorhinolaryngological diseases. In this work, we aimed to elucidate the correspondence between olfactory bulb volume and the clinical trajectory of COVID-19-related smelling impairment. Therefore, we conducted a large-scale magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based investigation of individuals recovered from mainly mild to moderate COVID-19. Methods: Data of 233 COVID-19 convalescents from the Hamburg City Health Study COVID Program were analyzed. Upon recruitment, patients underwent cranial MR imaging and assessment of neuropsychological testing. Automated olfactory bulb volumetry was performed on T2-weighted MR imaging data. Olfactory function was assessed longitudinally after recruitment and at follow-up via a structured questionnaire. Follow-up assessment included quantitative olfactometric testing with Sniffin Sticks. Group comparisons of olfactory bulb volume and olfactometric scores were performed between individuals with and without smelling impairment. The associations of olfactory bulb volume and neuropsychological as well as olfactometric scores were assessed via multiple linear regression. Results: Longitudinal assessment demonstrated a declining prevalence of olfactory dysfunction from 67.6% at acute infection, 21.0% at baseline examination (on average 8.31 +- 2.77 months post infection) and 17.5% at follow-up (21.8 +- 3.61 months post infection). Participants with post-acute olfactory dysfunction had a significantly lower olfactory bulb volume [mm3] at scan-time than normally smelling individuals (mean +- SD, baseline: 40.76 +- 13.08 vs. 46.74 +- 13.66, f=4.07, p=0.046; follow-up: 40.45 +- 12.59 vs. 46.55 +- 13.76, f=4.50, p=0.036). Olfactory bulb volume successfully predicted olfactometric scores at follow-up (r_sp = 0.154, p = 0.025). Performance in neuropsychological testing was not significantly associated with the olfactory bulb volume. Conclusions: Our work demonstrates the association of smelling dysfunction and olfactory bulb integrity in a sample of individuals recovered from mainly mild to moderate COVID-19. Olfactory bulb volume was demonstrably lower in individuals with sustained smelling impairment and predicted smelling function longitudinally. Collectively, our results highlight olfactory bulb volume as a surrogate marker that may inform diagnosis and guide rehabilitation strategies in COVID-19.
A Study for Immunocompromised Patients for Pre Exposure Prophylaxis of COVID-19 With AZD5156. - Condition: COVID 19
Interventions: Biological: Placebo; Biological: AZD5156; Biological: AZD7442 (EVUSHELD™)
Sponsor: AstraZeneca
Not yet recruiting
101-PGC-005 for the Treatment of COVID-19 - Condition: COVID-19
Interventions: Drug: 101-PGC-005; Drug: Dexamethasone
Sponsor: 101 Therapeutics
Recruiting
A Clinical Study to Assess Preliminary Efficacy, Safety and Tolerability of HH-120 Nasal Spray in COVID-19 Patients - Condition: Coronavirus Disease 2019(COVID-19)
Intervention: Biological: HH-120 Nasal Spray
Sponsor: Beijing Ditan Hospital
Recruiting
COVID-19 Booster Study in Healthy Adults in Australia - Condition: COVID-19
Interventions: Biological: Bivalent Moderna; Biological: Novavax
Sponsors: Murdoch Childrens Research Institute; Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations; The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity
Not yet recruiting
Effect of N-Acetylcysteine on Neutrophil Lymphocyte Ratio And Length of Stay In COVID-19 Patients - Condition: COVID-19
Intervention: Drug: N-acetyl cysteine
Sponsor: Universitas Sebelas Maret
Completed
Baldachin: Ceiling HEPA-filtration to Prevent Nosocomial Transmission of COVID-19 - Condition: COVID-19
Intervention: Device: Baldachin
Sponsor: University Hospital Inselspital, Berne
Not yet recruiting
Efficacy and Safety of Ambervin® and Standard Therapy in Hospitalized Patients With COVID-19 - Condition: COVID-19
Interventions: Drug: Tyrosyl-D-alanyl-glycyl-phenylalanyl-leucyl-arginine succinate intramuscularly; Drug: Tyrosyl-D-alanyl-glycyl-phenylalanyl-leucyl-arginine succinate inhaled; Drug: Standard of care
Sponsor: Promomed, LLC
Completed
Immunogenicity and Safety of COVID-19 Vaccine in Population Aged 18 Years and Above（Negative Antibody Against COVID-19） - Condition: COVID-19
Interventions: Biological: One dose group; Biological: Two doses group; Biological: Aged 18-59 years; Biological: Aged 60 years old and above
Sponsors: Guangzhou Patronus Biotech Co., Ltd.; Yantai Patronus Biotech Co., Ltd.
Not yet recruiting
Study of GST-HG171/Ritonavir Compared With Placebo in Patients With Mild to Moderate COVID-19 - Condition: COVID-19 Pneumonia
Interventions: Drug: GST-HG171/Ritonavir; Drug: Placebo
Sponsor: Fujian Akeylink Biotechnology Co., Ltd.
Not yet recruiting
A PhaseⅡ Study to Evaluate the Safety & Immunogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 Alpha/Beta/Delta/Omicron Variants COVID-19 Vaccine - Condition: COVID-19 Pandemic
Interventions: Biological: SCTV01E; Biological: Placebo (normal saline)
Sponsor: Sinocelltech Ltd.
Not yet recruiting
The COPE Study: Pilot Intervention to Improve Symptom Self-management and Coping in Adults With Post COVID-19 - Conditions: Post COVID-19 Condition; Post-COVID-19 Syndrome
Intervention: Behavioral: 6-Week Self-Management Group
Sponsor: University of Washington
Not yet recruiting
ICBT for Psychological Symptoms Related to the COVID-19 Pandemic Remaining After Societal Opening - Condition: Depression and Anxiety Symptoms Related to the COVID-19 Pandemic
Intervention: Behavioral: Internet-based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
Sponsor: Linkoeping University
Not yet recruiting
ARVAC - A New Recombinant Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Vaccine - Condition: COVID-19 Vaccine
Intervention: Biological: ARVAC-CG vaccine (recombinant protein vaccine against SARS-CoV-2)
Sponsors: Laboratorio Pablo Cassara S.R.L.; Universidad Nacional de San Martín (UNSAM); National Council of Scientific and Technical Research, Argentina
Active, not recruiting
Effectiveness of Supportive Psychotherapy Through Internet-Based Teleconsultation on Psychological and Somatic Symptoms, Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Ratio, and Heart Rate Variability in Post Covid-19 Syndrome Patients - Condition: Post-COVID-19 Syndrome
Intervention: Behavioral: Supportive Psychotherapy
Sponsor: Indonesia University
Not yet recruiting
Graphene Photothermal Adjuvant Therapy for Mild Corona Virus Disease 2019: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial - Condition: COVID-19
Intervention: Device: Graphene spectrum light wave therapy room
Sponsors: Southeast University, China; Hohhot First Hospital
Recruiting
Control of SARS-CoV-2 infection by MT1-MMP-mediated shedding of ACE2 - Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused a global pandemic. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is an entry receptor for SARS-CoV-2. The full-length membrane form of ACE2 (memACE2) undergoes ectodomain shedding to generate a shed soluble form (solACE2) that mediates SARS-CoV-2 entry via receptor-mediated endocytosis. Currently, it is not known how the physiological regulation of ACE2 shedding contributes to the etiology of COVID-19 in vivo. The present study…
Cyclophilin D-mediated angiotensin II-induced NADPH oxidase 4 activation in endothelial mitochondrial dysfunction that can be rescued by gallic acid - Vascular endothelial dysfunction plays a central role in the most dreadful human diseases, including stroke, tumor metastasis, and the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Strong evidence suggests that angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced mitochondrial dysfunction is essential for endothelial dysfunction pathogenesis. However, the precise molecular mechanisms remain obscure. Here, polymerase-interacting protein 2 (Poldip 2) was found in the endothelial mitochondrial matrix and no effects on Poldip 2…
An epithelial-immune circuit amplifies inflammasome and IL-6 responses to SARS-CoV-2 - Elevated levels of cytokines IL-1β and IL-6 are associated with severe COVID-19. Investigating the underlying mechanisms, we find that while primary human airway epithelia (HAE) have functional inflammasomes and support SARS-CoV-2 replication, they are not the source of IL-1β released upon infection. In leukocytes, the SARS-CoV-2 E protein upregulates inflammasome gene transcription via TLR2 to prime, but not activate, inflammasomes. SARS-CoV-2-infected HAE supply a second signal, which includes…
The D614G mutation redirects SARS-CoV-2 spike to lysosomes and suppresses deleterious traits of the furin cleavage site insertion mutation - Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) egress occurs by lysosomal exocytosis. We show that the Spike D614G mutation enhances Spike trafficking to lysosomes, drives Spike-mediated reprogramming of lysosomes, and reduces cell surface Spike expression by ~3-fold. D614G is not a human-specific adaptation. Rather, it is an adaptation to the earlier furin cleavage site insertion (FCSI) mutation that occurred at the genesis of SARS-CoV-2. While advantageous to the virus, furin…
Biogenic nanosilver-fabricated endotracheal tube to prevent microbial colonization in a veterinary hospital - COVID-19 patients have often required prolonged endotracheal intubation, increasing the risk of developing ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP). A preventive strategy is proposed based on an endotracheal tube (ETT) modified by the in situ deposition of eucalyptus-mediated synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). The surfaces of the modified ETT were embedded with AgNPs of approximately 28 nm and presented a nanoscale roughness. Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy confirmed the presence of…
Visualization of early RNA replication kinetics of SARS-CoV-2 by using single molecule RNA-FISH - SARS-CoV-2 infection has caused a major global burden. Despite intensive research, the mechanism and dynamics of early viral replication are not completely understood including the kinetics of formation of plus stranded genomic and subgenomic RNAs (gRNA and sgRNA) starting from the RNA from the first virus that enters the cell. We employed single-molecule RNA-fluorescence in situ hybridization (smRNA-FISH) to simultaneously detect viral gRNA and sgRNA in infected cells and carried out a time…
Development of Fluorescence-Tagged SARS-CoV-2 Virus-like Particles by a Tri-Cistronic Vector Expression System for Investigating the Cellular Entry of SARS-CoV-2 - Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused the pandemic that began late December 2019. The co-expression of SARS-CoV-2 structural proteins in cells could assemble into several types of virus-like particles (VLPs) without a viral RNA genome. VLPs containing S proteins with the structural and functional properties of authentic virions are safe materials to exploit for virus-cell entry and vaccine development. In this study, to generate SARS-CoV-2 VLPs…
Nisoldipine Inhibits Influenza A Virus Infection by Interfering with Virus Internalization Process - Influenza virus infections and the continuing spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) are global public health concerns. As there are limited therapeutic options available in clinical practice, the rapid development of safe, effective and globally available antiviral drugs is crucial. Drug repurposing is a therapeutic strategy used in treatments for newly emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases. It has recently been shown that the voltage-dependent Ca^(2+)…
Structural Characteristics of Heparin Binding to SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein RBD of Omicron Sub-Lineages BA.2.12.1, BA.4 and BA.5 - The now prevalent Omicron variant and its subvariants/sub-lineages have led to a significant increase in COVID-19 cases and raised serious concerns about increased risk of infectivity, immune evasion, and reinfection. Heparan sulfate (HS), located on the surface of host cells, plays an important role as a co-receptor for virus-host cell interaction. The ability of heparin and HS to compete for binding of the SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein to cell surface HS illustrates the therapeutic potential of…
Heparin Inhibits SARS-CoV-2 Replication in Human Nasal Epithelial Cells - SARS-CoV-2 is the causative agent of the COVID-19 pandemic. Vaccination, supported by social and public health measures, has proven efficacious for reducing disease severity and virus spread. However, the emergence of highly transmissible viral variants that escape prior immunity highlights the need for additional mitigation approaches. Heparin binds the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and can inhibit virus entry and replication in susceptible human cell lines and bronchial epithelial cells. Primary…
Neutralizing Antibody and T-Cell Responses against SARS-CoV-2 Wild-Type and Variants of Concern in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Subjects after ChAdOx-1/ChAdOx-1 Homologous Vaccination: A Preliminary Study - Data on immunogenicity of adenovirus-vectored vaccine in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients is limited. Therefore, we aimed to determine the humoral and cellular immune responses after homologous ChAdOx-1 vaccination in subjects with COPD. COPD subjects and age- and sex-matched healthy elderly receiving ChAdOx-1 homologous vaccination were included. The levels of neutralizing antibodies (NAb) and specific CD4 and CD8 T-cell responses against SARS-CoV-2 wild-type (WT) and…
Antibodies Induced by Homologous or Heterologous Inactivated (CoronaVac/BBIBP-CorV) and Recombinant Protein Subunit Vaccines (ZF2001) Dramatically Enhanced Inhibitory Abilities against B.1.351, B.1.617.2, and B.1.1.529 Variants - Safe and effective vaccines for Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) can prevent the virus from infecting human populations and treat patients infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). In this study, we discuss the inhibitory abilities of primary and booster vaccine-induced antibodies inhibitory ability toward the SARS-CoV-2 wild-type strain, as well as B.1.1.7, B.1.351, P.1, B.1.617.2, and B.1.1.529. We confirmed these antibodies had the strongest inhibitory…
The Inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 and the Modulation of Inflammatory Responses by the Extract of Lactobacillus sakei Probio65 - In the three years since the first outbreak of COVID-19 in 2019, the SARS-CoV-2 virus has continued to be prevalent in our community. It is believed that the virus will remain present, and be transmitted at a predictable rate, turning endemic. A major challenge that leads to this is the constant yet rapid mutation of the virus, which has rendered vaccination and current treatments less effective. In this study, the Lactobacillus sakei Probio65 extract (P65-CFS) was tested for its safety and…
Engagement of the G3BP2-TRIM25 Interaction by Nucleocapsid Protein Suppresses the Type I Interferon Response in SARS-CoV-2-Infected Cells - The nucleocapsid (N) protein contributes to key steps of the SARS-CoV-2 life cycle, including packaging of the virus genome and modulating interactions with cytoplasmic components. Expanding knowledge of the N protein acting on cellular proteins and interfering with innate immunity is critical for studying the host antiviral strategy. In the study on SARS-CoV-2 infecting human bronchial epithelial cell line s1(16HBE), we identified that the N protein can promote the interaction between…
Evaluation of Immunogenicity and Clinical Protection of SARS-CoV-2 S1 and N Antigens in Syrian Golden Hamster - The novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) epidemic continues to be a global public crisis affecting human health. Many research groups are developing different types of vaccines to suppress the spread of SARS-CoV-2, and some vaccines have entered phase III clinical trials and have been rapidly implemented. Whether multiple antigen matches are necessary to induce a better immune response remains unclear. To address this question, this study tested the immunogenicity and protective effects of a…