Covid-19 Sentry

Contents

• From Preprints
• From Clinical Trials
• From PubMed
• From Patent Search

From Preprints

• Immunogenicity and Safety of Beta Adjuvanted Recombinant Booster Vaccine -

  Background. Variant-adaptated vaccines against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) as boosters are needed to increase a broader protection against SARS CoV-2 variants. New adjuvanted recombinant protein vaccines as heterologous boosters could maximize the response. Methods. In this randomized, single-blinded, multicenter trial, adults who had received two doses of Pfizer-BioNTech mRNA vaccine (BNT162b2) 3 to7 months before were randomly assigned to receive a boost of BNT162b2, Sanofi/GSK SARS-CoV-2 adjuvanted recombinant protein MV D614 (monovalent parental formulation) or SARS-CoV-2 adjuvanted recombinant protein MV B.1.351 vaccine (monovalent Beta formulation). The primary endpoint was the percentage of subjects with a ≥ 10-fold increase in neutralizing antibody titers for the Wuhan (D614) and B.1.351 (Beta) SARS-CoV-2 viral strains between day 0 and day 15. Findings. The percentages of participants whose neutralizing antibody titers against the Wuhan (D614) SARS-CoV-2 strain increased by a factor ≥10 between day 0 and day 15 was 55.3% (95% CI 43.4-66.7) in MV D614 group (n=76), 76.1% (64.5-85.4) in MV B.1.351 (Beta) group (n=71) and 63.2% (51.3-73.9) in BNT162b2 group (n=76). These percentages were 44.7% (33.3-56.6), 84.5% (74.0-92.0) and 51.3% (39.6-63.0) for the B.1.351 (Beta) viral strain, respectively. Higher neutralizing antibodies rates against Delta and Omicron BA.1 variants were also elicited after Sanofi/GSK MV Beta vaccine compared to the other vaccines. Comparable reactogenicity profile was observed with the three vaccines. Interpretation. Heterologous boosting with the Sanofi/GSK Beta formulation vaccine resulted in a higher neutralizing antibody response against Beta variant but also the original strain and Delta and Omicron BA.1 variants, compared with mRNA BNT162b2 vaccine or the Sanofi/GSK MVD614 formulation. New vaccines containing Beta spike protein may represent an interesting strategy for broader protection against SARS CoV-2 variants.

  🖺 Full Text HTML: Immunogenicity and Safety of Beta Adjuvanted Recombinant Booster Vaccine
• A global systematic analysis of the occurrence, severity, and recovery pattern of long COVID in 2020 and 2021 -

  Importance: While much of the attention on the COVID-19 pandemic was directed at the daily counts of cases and those with serious disease overwhelming health services, increasingly, reports have appeared of people who experience debilitating symptoms after the initial infection. This is popularly known as long COVID. Objective: To estimate by country and territory of the number of patients affected by long COVID in 2020 and 2021, the severity of their symptoms and expected pattern of recovery Design: We jointly analyzed ten ongoing cohort studies in ten countries for the occurrence of three major symptom clusters of long COVID among representative COVID cases. The defining symptoms of the three clusters (fatigue, cognitive problems, and shortness of breath) are explicitly mentioned in the WHO clinical case definition. For incidence of long COVID, we adopted the minimum duration after infection of three months from the WHO case definition. We pooled data from the contributing studies, two large medical record databases in the United States, and findings from 44 published studies using a Bayesian meta-regression tool. We separately estimated occurrence and pattern of recovery in patients with milder acute infections and those hospitalized. We estimated the incidence and prevalence of long COVID globally and by country in 2020 and 2021 as well as the severity-weighted prevalence using disability weights from the Global Burden of Disease study. Results: Analyses are based on detailed information for 1906 community infections and 10526 hospitalized patients from the ten collaborating cohorts, three of which included children. We added published data on 37262 community infections and 9540 hospitalized patients as well as ICD-coded medical record data concerning 1.3 million infections. Globally, in 2020 and 2021, 144.7 million (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 54.8-312.9) people suffered from any of the three symptom clusters of long COVID. This corresponds to 3.69% (1.38-7.96) of all infections. The fatigue, respiratory, and cognitive clusters occurred in 51.0% (16.9-92.4), 60.4% (18.9-89.1), and 35.4% (9.4-75.1) of long COVID cases, respectively. Those with milder acute COVID-19 cases had a quicker estimated recovery (median duration 3.99 months [IQR 3.84-4.20]) than those admitted for the acute infection (median duration 8.84 months [IQR 8.10-9.78]). At twelve months, 15.1% (10.3-21.1) continued to experience long COVID symptoms. Conclusions and relevance: The occurrence of debilitating ongoing symptoms of COVID-19 is common. Knowing how many people are affected, and for how long, is important to plan for rehabilitative services and support to return to social activities, places of learning, and the workplace when symptoms start to wane.

  🖺 Full Text HTML: A global systematic analysis of the occurrence, severity, and recovery pattern of long COVID in 2020 and 2021
• Enhanced metanephric specification to functional proximal tubule enables toxicity screening and infectious disease modelling in kidney organoids -
  While pluripotent stem cell-derived kidney organoids are now being used to model renal disease, the proximal nephron remains immature with limited evidence for key functional solute channels. This may reflect early mispatterning of the nephrogenic mesenchyme and/or insufficient maturation. Here we show that enhanced specification to metanephric nephron progenitors results in elongated and radially aligned proximalised nephrons with distinct S1 - S3 proximal tubule cell types. Such PT-enhanced organoids possess improved albumin and organic cation uptake, appropriate KIM-1 upregulation in response to cisplatin, and improved expression of SARS-CoV-2 entry factors resulting in increased viral replication. The striking proximo-distal orientation of nephrons resulted from localized WNT antagonism originating from the organoid stromal core. PT-enhanced organoids represent an improved model to study inherited and acquired proximal tubular disease as well as drug and viral responses.
  🖺 Full Text HTML: Enhanced metanephric specification to functional proximal tubule enables toxicity screening and infectious disease modelling in kidney organoids
• Mapping the Perception-space of Facial Expressions in the Era of Face Masks -
  With the advent of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, the theme of emotion recognition from facial expressions has become highly relevant due to the widespread use of face masks as one of the main devices imposed to counter the spread of the virus. Unsurprisingly, several studies published in the last two years have shown that accuracy in the recognition of basic emotions expressed by faces wearing masks is reduced. However, less is known about the impact that wearing face masks has on the ability to recognize emotions from subtle expressions. Furthermore, even less is known regarding the role of interindividual differences (such as alexithymic and autistic traits) in emotion processing. This study investigated the perception of all the six basic emotions (anger, disgust, fear, happiness, sadness, and surprise) both as a function of the face mask and as a function of the facial expressions’ intensity (full vs. subtle) in terms of participants’ uncertainty in their responses, misattribution errors and perceived intensity. The experiment was conducted online on a large sample of participants (N=129). Participants completed the 20-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale and the Autistic Spectrum Quotient and then performed an emotion-recognition task which involved face stimuli wearing a mask or not and displaying full or subtle expressions. Each face stimulus was presented alongside the Geneva Emotion Wheel (GEW) and participants had to indicate what emotion they believed the other person was feeling and its intensity by means of the GEW. For each combination of our variables, we computed the indices of ‘uncertainty’ (i.e., the spread of responses around the correct emotion category), ‘bias’ (i.e., the systematic errors in recognition) and ‘perceived intensity’ (i.e., the distance from the center of the GEW). We found that face masks increase uncertainty for all facial expressions of emotion, except for fear when intense, and that disgust was systematically confused with anger (i.e. response bias). Furthermore, when faces were covered by the mask, all the emotions were perceived as less intense, and this was particularly evident for subtle expressions. Finally, we did not find any evidence of a relationship between these indices and alexithymic/autistic traits.
  🖺 Full Text HTML: Mapping the Perception-space of Facial Expressions in the Era of Face Masks
• Facing the Omicron variant - How well do vaccines protect against mild and severe COVID-19? Third interim analysis of a living systematic review -

  Background: The SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant is currently the dominant variant globally. This 3rd interim analysis of a living systematic review summarizes evidence on COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness (VE) and duration of protection against Omicron. Methods: We systematically searched the COVID-19 literature for controlled studies evaluating the effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines approved in the European Union up to 14/01/2022, complemented by hand-searches of websites and metasearch engines up to 11/02/2022. We considered the following comparisons: full primary immunization vs. no vaccination; booster immunization vs. no vaccination; booster vs. primary immunization. VE against any confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, symptomatic, and severe COVID-19 (i.e. COVID-19-related hospitalization, ICU-admission, or death) was indicated providing estimate ranges. Meta-analysis was not performed due to high study heterogeneity. Risk of bias was assessed with ROBINS-I, certainty of evidence evaluated using GRADE. Results: We identified 26 studies, including 430 to 2.2 million participants. VE against any confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection compared to no vaccination ranged between 0-62% after full primary immunization, and between 34-66% after a booster dose. VE-range for booster vs. primary immunization was 34-54.6%. Against symptomatic COVID-19, VE ranged between 6-76% after full primary immunization, and between 19-73.9% after booster immunization, if compared to no vaccination. When comparing booster vs. primary immunization VE ranged between 56-69%. VE against severe COVID-19 compared to no vaccination ranged between 3-84% after full primary immunization, and between 12-100% after a booster dose. One study compared booster vs. primary immunization (VE 100%, 95% CI 71.4-100). VE was characterized by a moderate to strong decline within three to six months for SARS- CoV-2 infections and symptomatic COVID-19. Against severe COVID-19 protection remained robust at least for up to six months. Waning immunity was more profound after primary than booster immunization. Risk of bias was moderate to critical across studies and outcomes. GRADE-certainty was very low for all outcomes. Author9s conclusions: Under the Omicron variant, effectiveness of EU-licensed COVID-19 vaccines in preventing any SARS-CoV-2 infection or mild disease is low and only short-lasting after primary immunization, but can be improved by booster vaccination. VE against severe COVID-19 remains high and is long-lasting, especially after receiving the booster vaccination.

  🖺 Full Text HTML: Facing the Omicron variant - How well do vaccines protect against mild and severe COVID-19? Third interim analysis of a living systematic review
• How is the COVID-19 pandemic impacting our life, mental health, and well-being? Design and preliminary findings of the pan-Canadian longitudinal COHESION Study -

  Abstract With the advent of the COVID-19 pandemic, in-person social interactions and opportunities for accessing resources that sustain health and well-being have drastically reduced. We therefore designed the pan-Canadian population-based prospective COVID-19: HEalth and Social Inequities across Neighbourhoods (COHESION) cohort to provide deeper understanding of how the COVID-19 pandemic context affects mental health and well-being, key determinants of health, and health inequities. This paper presents the design of the two-phase COHESION Study, and descriptive results from the first phase conducted between May 2020 and September 2021. During that period, the COHESION research platform collected monthly data linked to COVID-19 such as infection and vaccination status, perceptions and attitudes regarding pandemic-related measures, and information on participants’ physical and mental health, well-being, sleep, loneliness, resilience, substances use, living conditions, social interactions, activities, and mobility. The 1,268 people enrolled in the Phase 1 COHESION Study are for the most part from Ontario (47%) and Quebec (33%), aged 48 ± 16 years [mean± standard deviation (SD)], and mainly women (78%), White (85%), with a university degree (63%), and living in large urban centers (70%). According to the 298 ± 68 (mean ± SD) prospective questionnaires completed each month in average, the first year of follow-up reveals significant temporal variations in standardized indexes of well-being, loneliness, anxiety, depression, and psychological distress. The COHESION Study will allow identifying trajectories of mental health and well-being while investigating their determinants and how these may vary by subgroup, over time, and across different provinces in Canada, in the unique context of the COVID-19 pandemic.

  🖺 Full Text HTML: How is the COVID-19 pandemic impacting our life, mental health, and well-being? Design and preliminary findings of the pan-Canadian longitudinal COHESION Study
• Omicron reactive multi protein specific CD4 T cells defines cellular immune response induced by inactivated virus vaccines. -

  Unlike mRNA vaccines based only on the Spike protein, inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccines should induce a diversified T cell response recognizing distinct structural proteins. Here we performed a comparative analysis of SARS- CoV-2 specific T cells in healthy individuals following vaccination with inactivated SARS-CoV-2 or mRNA vaccines. Relative to Spike mRNA vaccination, inactivated vaccines elicited a lower magnitude of Spike-specific T cells, but the combined Membrane, Nucleoprotein and Spike specific T cell response was quantitatively comparable to the sole Spike T cell response induced by mRNA vaccines, and they efficiently tolerate the mutations characterizing the Omicron lineage. However, this multi-protein specific T cell response was not mediated by a coordinated CD4 and CD8 T cell expansion but by selected priming of CD4 T cells. These findings can help in defining the role of CD4 and CD8 T cells in the efficacy of the different vaccines to control severe COVID-19 after Omicron infection.

  🖺 Full Text HTML: Omicron reactive multi protein specific CD4 T cells defines cellular immune response induced by inactivated virus vaccines.
• Covid-19 is a leading cause of death in children and young people ages 0-19 years in the United States -

  Covid-19 has caused more than 1 million deaths in the US, including at least 1,433 deaths among children and young people (CYP) aged 0-19 years. Deaths among US CYP are rare in general, and so we argue here that the mortality burden of Covid-19 in CYP is best understood in the context of all other causes of CYP death. Using publicly available data from the National Center for Health Statistics, and comparing to mortality in 2019, the immediate pre-pandemic period, we find that Covid-19 is a leading cause of death in CYP aged 0-19 years in the US, ranking #9 among all causes of deaths, #5 in disease related causes of deaths (excluding accidents, assault and suicide), and #1 in deaths caused by infectious / respiratory diseases. Due to the impact of mitigations such as social distancing and our comparison of a single disease (Covid-19) to groups of causes such as deaths from pneumonia and influenza, these rankings are likely conservative lower bounds. Our findings underscore the importance of continued vaccination campaigns for CYP over 5 years of age in the US and for effective Covid-19 vaccines for under 5 year olds.

  🖺 Full Text HTML: Covid-19 is a leading cause of death in children and young people ages 0-19 years in the United States
• Infectiousness in omicron variant strain and bA.2 variant in Japan -

  Background: Omicron variant strain dominated since the beginning of 2022. Its infectivity was supposes to be higher than Delta variant strain or strains in past. Object: We estimated prevalence of omicron variant strain, particularly bA.2 variant and COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness of the third dose in Japan as well as controlling for waning of second dose of vaccine, other mutated strains, the Olympic Games, and countermeasures. Method: The effective reproduction number R(t) was regressed on shares of omicron variant strain and bA.2 and vaccine coverage of the third dose, as well as along with data of temperature, humidity, mobility, share of the other mutated strains, and an Olympic Games and countermeasures. The study period was February, 2020 through February 21, 2022, as of March 15, 2022. Results : Estimation results indicated that waning of the second dose vaccine e with 150 days prior was the most appropriate specification. Moreover, bA.2 of omicron variant strain has higher infectively than other variant strain or traditional strain. Discussion: Because of data limitation since emerging bA.2, the estimated its infectively will change over time.

  🖺 Full Text HTML: Infectiousness in omicron variant strain and bA.2 variant in Japan
• Epidemiological Interactions of Influenza and SARS-CoV-2 within a University Population During Omicron B.1.1.529 Outbreak -

  The COVID-19 Pandemic has prompted innovation and research to further understand not only SARS-CoV-2, but other respiratory viruses as well. Since the start of the pandemic there has been a lack in influenza collection and surveillance. In October 2021 the Life Sciences Testing Center at Northeastern University implemented the TaqPath™ COVID-19, Flu A, Flu B combo kit to test for multiple respiratory diseases among the University’s population. During this time the SARS- CoV-2 variant of concern, Omicron B.1.1.529, became the dominant strain in the greater Boston area. During this time an inverse correlation in the detection of positive SARS-CoV-2 and Influenza A was observed. More data is needed to determine if this observed inverse correlation on positivity rate is linked to public health measures or biological mechanism within the immune system.

  🖺 Full Text HTML: Epidemiological Interactions of Influenza and SARS-CoV-2 within a University Population During Omicron B.1.1.529 Outbreak
• A rapid One-Pot RNA-isolation method for simplified clinical detection of SARS-COV-2 infection in India -

  Background: With the rapid increase in COVID-19 cases and the discovery of new viral variants within India over multiple waves, the expensive reagents and time-consuming sample pretreatment required for qPCR analysis have led to slower detection of the disease. The vast Indian population demands an inexpensive and competent sample preparation strategy for rapid detection of the disease facilitating early and efficient containment of the disease. Methods: In this study, we have surveyed the spread of COVID-19 infection over Faridabad, Haryana, India for 6 months. We also devised a simple single-step method for total RNA extraction using a single tube and compared its efficacy with the commercially available kits. Findings: Our findings suggest that determining Ct values for samples subjected to the One Pot (OP) RNA extraction method was as efficient as the commercially available kits but delivers a subtle advantage in a way, by minimizing the cost, labor, and sample preparation time. Conclusion: This novel crude RNA extraction method is stable and capable of operating in developing countries like India for low resource settings, without the use of expensive reagents and instruments. Additionally, this method can be further adapted to pooling samples strategies owing to its high sensitivity.

  🖺 Full Text HTML: A rapid One-Pot RNA-isolation method for simplified clinical detection of SARS-COV-2 infection in India
• Shared genetic etiology and causality between COVID-19 and venous thromboembolism: evidence from genome-wide cross trait analysis and bi-directional Mendelian randomization study -

  Venous thromboembolism (VTE) occurs in up to one third patients with COVID-19. VTE and COVID-19 may share a common genetic architecture, which has not been clarified yet. To fill this gap, we leveraged summary-level genetic data from the latest COVID‐19 host genetics consortium and UK Biobank and examined their shared genetic etiology and causality. The cross-trait analysis identified 8, 11, and 7 shared loci between VTE and severe COVID-19, COVID-19 hospitalization, SARS-CoV-2 infection respectively, in 13 genes involved in coagulation and immune function and enriched in the lung. Co-localization analysis identified eight shared loci in ABO, ADAMTS13 and FUT2 genes. Bi-direction Mendelian randomization suggested that VTE was associated with higher risks of all COVID-19 related traits, and SARS- CoV-2 infection was associated with higher risk of VTE .Our study provided timely evidence and novel insights into the genetic etiology between COVID-19 and VTE.

  🖺 Full Text HTML: Shared genetic etiology and causality between COVID-19 and venous thromboembolism: evidence from genome-wide cross trait analysis and bi-directional Mendelian randomization study
• An observational study of uptake and adoption of the NHS App in England -

  Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate patterns of uptake and adoption of the NHS App. Data metrics from the NHS App were used to assess acceptability by looking at total app downloads, registrations, appointment bookings, GP health records viewed, and prescriptions ordered. The impact of the UK COVID-19 lockdown and introduction of the COVID Pass were also explored to assess App usage and uptake. Methods: Descriptive statistics and an interrupted time series analysis were used to look at monthly NHS App metrics at a GP practice level from January 2019-May 2021 in the population of England. Interrupted time series models were used to identify changes in level and trend among App usage and the different functionalities before and after the first COVID-19 lockdown. The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) guidelines were used for reporting and analysis. Results: Between January 2019 and May 2021, there were a total of 8,524,882 NHS App downloads and 4,449,869 registrations. There was a 4-fold increase in app downloads from April 2021 (650,558 downloads) to May 2021 (2,668,535 downloads) when the COVID Pass feature was introduced. Areas with the highest number of App registrations proportional to the GP patient population occurred in Hampshire, Southampton and Isle of Wight CCG, and the lowest in Blackburn with Darwen CCG. After the announcement of the first lockdown (March 2020), a positive and significant trend in the number of login sessions was observed at 602,124 (p=0.004)** logins a month. National NHS App appointment bookings ranged from 298 to 42,664 bookings per month during the study period. The number of GP health records viewed increased by an average of 371,656 (p=0.001)** views per month and the number of prescriptions ordered increased by an average of 19934 (p<0.001)*** prescriptions per month following the first lockdown. Conclusion: This analysis has shown that uptake and adoption of the NHS App was positive post lockdown, and increased significantly due to the COVID Pass feature being introduced, but further research is needed to measure the extent to which it improves patient experience and influences health service access and care outcomes.

  🖺 Full Text HTML: An observational study of uptake and adoption of the NHS App in England
• What works to reduce sedentary behaviour in the office, and could these intervention components transfer to the home working environment?: A rapid review -
  Background: Working patterns have changed dramatically due to COVID-19, with many workers now spending at least a portion of their working week at home. The office environment was already associated with high levels of sedentary behaviour, and there is emerging evidence that working at home further elevates these levels. The aim of this rapid review (PROSPERO CRD42021278539) was to build on existing evidence to identify what works to reduce sedentary behaviour in an office environment, and consider whether these could be transferable to support those working at home. Methods: The results of a systematic search of databases CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Embase, PsycInfo, CINHAL, and SportDiscus from 10 August 2017 to 6 September 2021 were added to the references included in a 2018 Cochrane review of office based sedentary interventions. These references were screened and controlled peer-reviewed English language studies demonstrating a beneficial direction of effect for office-based interventions on sedentary behaviour outcomes in healthy adults were included. For each study, two of five authors screened the title and abstract, the full-texts, undertook data extraction, and assessed risk of bias on the included studies. Informed by the Behaviour Change Wheel, the most commonly used intervention functions and behaviour change techniques were identified from the extracted data. Finally, a sample of common intervention strategies were evaluated by the researchers and stakeholders for potential transferability to the working at home environment Results: Twenty-two studies including 29 interventions showing a beneficial direction of effect on sedentary outcomes were included. The most commonly used intervention functions were training (n=21), environmental restructuring (n=21), education (n=15), and enablement (n=15). Within these the commonly used behaviour change techniques were instructions on how to perform the behaviour (n=21), adding objects to the environment (n=20), and restructuring the physical environment (n=19). Those strategies with the most promise for transferring to the home environment included education materials, and use of role models, incentives, and prompts. Conclusions: This rapid review has characterized what works to reduce office sedentary behaviour, and identified promising strategies to support workers in the home environment as the world adapts to a new working landscape.
  🖺 Full Text HTML: What works to reduce sedentary behaviour in the office, and could these intervention components transfer to the home working environment?: A rapid review
• The Trends of Education after the COVID-19 Situation in Thailand -
  This research aims to synthesize the views from domestic and international references on the trends of education after COVID-19 situation, then convey the results of the synthesis to the experts from different groups to examine the trends and the feasibility of mix-method research which would be applied in Thai education after COVID-19 situation. The research conducted an in-depth interviewing of 15 experts and used the discussion method with other target groups of 15 experts. The research results defined the proposals of 31 issues for the trends of education after COVID-19 situation in Thailand. These proposals were similar to those of the educational paradigm shift from the 20th to the 21st century. As a result, Thailand is becoming a more digital society and people have to focus on using information and communication technologies (ICT) to gain the maximum benefits to develop the quality of Thai education.
  🖺 Full Text HTML: The Trends of Education after the COVID-19 Situation in Thailand

From Clinical Trials

• A Safety and Efficacy Study of Hymecromone Tablets for the Treatment of Patients With COVID-19. - Condition:   COVID-19
  Interventions:   Drug: Hymecromone tablets;   Other: Placebo
  Sponsor:   Shanghai Zhongshan Hospital
  Recruiting

• Study on Sequential Immunization of Omicron Inactivated COVID-19 Vaccine and Prototype Inactivated COVID-19 Vaccine in Population Aged 18 Years Old and Above - Condition:   COVID-19
  Interventions:   Biological: Omicron COVID-19 Vaccine (Vero Cell), Inactivated;   Biological: COVID-19 Vaccine (Vero Cell), Inactivated
  Sponsors:  
  China National Biotec Group Company Limited;   Beijing Institute of Biological Products Co Ltd.;   Hunan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention
  Recruiting

• A Phase Ia, Dose-finding Study to Assess the Safety and Immunogenicity of a COVID-19 Vaccine Booster in Healthy Adults - Condition:   COVID-19
  Intervention:   Biological: Prime-2-CoV_Beta
  Sponsors:  
  University Hospital Tuebingen;   FGK Clinical Research GmbH;   VisMederi srl;   Staburo GmbH;   Viedoc Technologies AB
  Not yet recruiting

• A Study to Learn About the Study Medicine (Called Nirmatrelvir/Ritonavir) in Pregnant Women With Mild or Moderate COVID-19. - Condition:   COVID-19
  Interventions:   Drug: nirmatrelvir;   Drug: ritonavir
  Sponsor:   Pfizer
  Not yet recruiting

• Evaluation of COVID-19 Vaccines Given as a Booster in Healthy Adults in Indonesia (MIACoV Indonesia) - Condition:   COVID-19
  Interventions:   Biological: Pfizer-BioNTech Standard dose;   Biological: AstraZeneca Standard dose;   Biological: Pfizer-BioNTech Fractional dose;   Biological: AstraZeneca Fractional dose;   Biological: Moderna Standard dose;   Biological: Moderna Fractional dose
  Sponsors:   Murdoch Childrens Research Institute;   Universitas Padjadjaran (UNPAD);   Universitas Indonesia (UI);   Health Development Policy Agency, Ministry of Health Republic of Indonesia;   Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations;   The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity
  Not yet recruiting

• A Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of DXP604 in Patients With Mild to Moderate COVID-19 - Condition:   COVID-19
  Intervention:   Biological: DXP604
  Sponsor:  
  Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd
  Not yet recruiting

• Sequential Immunization of Two Doses of Inactivated COVID-19 Vaccine (Omicron) in Vaccinated Population Aged 18 Years and Above - Condition:   COVID-19
  Interventions:   Biological: BIBP Omicron Inactivated COVID-19 vaccine (Vero Cell);   Biological: WIBP Omicron Inactivated COVID-19 vaccine (Vero Cell);   Biological: COVID-19 Vaccine (Vero Cell), Inactivated
  Sponsors:   China National Biotec Group Company Limited;   Beijing Institute of Biological Products Co Ltd.;   Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd;   The University of Hong Kong
  Not yet recruiting

• Immunogenicity and Safety of Booster Immunization of COVID-19 Vaccine (Vero Cell), Inactivated (Omicron Variant) in Healthy People Aged 18 Years and Above - Condition:   COVID-19
  Interventions:   Biological: COVID-19 Vaccine (Vero cell), Inactivated (Omicron variant);   Biological: COVID-19 Vaccine (Vero cell), Inactivated (CZ strain)
  Sponsor:  
  Sinovac Research and Development Co., Ltd.
  Not yet recruiting

• A Randomized, Open-label, Dose-ranging Study in Adults and Pediatric Individuals ≥ 12 Years of Age to Assess the Safety, Immunogenicity, Pharmacokinetics, and Pharmacodynamics of AZD7442, for Pre-exposure Prophylaxis of COVID-19 - Condition:   Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)
  Intervention:   Biological: AZD7442 (tixagevimab [AZD8895] + cilgavimab [AZD1061])
  Sponsor:   AstraZeneca
  Not yet recruiting

• Inhaled Interferon α2b Treatment in Mild-to-moderate COVID-19 Infected Children - Conditions:   COVID-19;   Children
  Interventions:   Drug: Inhaled Interferon α2b;   Other: Standard of Care
  Sponsors:   Children’s Hospital of Fudan University;   RenJi Hospital;   Shanghai Children’s Hospital;   Shanghai Children’s Medical Center Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine
  Recruiting

• INTEGrating Ag-RDTs for COVID in MNCH,HIV and TB Services in Cameroon and Kenya:A Cluster Randomized Trial of Two Models - Condition:   COVID-19
  Intervention:   Diagnostic Test: Test all
  Sponsors:  
  Elizabeth Glaser Pediatric AIDS Foundation;   UNITAID;   Kenya Ministry of Health;   Ministry of Public Health, Cameroon
  Not yet recruiting

• Pulmonary Rehabilitation Program With Pulsed Electromagnetic Field Therapy in Patients With Post-covid Sequelae. - Condition:   COVID-19
  Interventions:   Device: Pulsed ectromagnetid field therapy;   Other: Pulmonary rehabilitation program (PRP)
  Sponsor:   University of Malaga
  Not yet recruiting

• Paxlovid in the Treatment of COVID-19 Patients With Uremia - Conditions:   COVID-19;   Uremia
  Interventions:   Drug: Paxlovid;   Drug: standard-of-care
  Sponsor:   Ruijin Hospital
  Not yet recruiting

• Telemedically Assisted Sampling of COVID-19 Patients - Is the Sampling Quality Sufficient - Conditions:   Telemedicine;   Pharynx;   COVID-19
  Intervention:   Diagnostic Test: telemedically guided oropharyngeal + nasal (OP+N) self-sampling (GSS) and nasopharyngeal (NP) or OP+N sampling performed by health care professionals (HCP)
  Sponsor:   Teststation Praxis Dr. med Bielecki
  Active, not recruiting

• Improving Pediatric COVID-19 Vaccine Uptake Using an mHealth Tool - Conditions:   COVID-19 Vaccines;   Telemedicine;   Vaccine Hesitancy;   Pediatric ALL
  Interventions:   Behavioral: COVID-19 Vaccine Uptake App;   Other: General Health App
  Sponsors:  
  University of Arkansas;   National Institutes of Health (NIH);   University of Nebraska;   University of Montana
  Not yet recruiting

From PubMed

• Safety and practicality of high dose inhaled nitric oxide in emergency department COVID-19 patients - CONCLUSION: A single dose of iNO at 250 ppm was practical and not associated with any significant adverse effects when administered in the ED by emergency physicians. Local disease control led to early study closure and prevented complete testing of COVID-19 safety and treatment outcomes measures.

• Humoral Immune Response Induced by the BBIBP-CorV Vaccine (Sinopharm) in Healthcare Workers: A Cohort Study - Insufficient data have been reported about the effect of the inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine (BBIBP-CorV) on the humoral response through time in healthcare workers (HCW). This retrospective cohort studied the information of 252 HCW from a private laboratory, comparing the antibody-mediated response provoked by BBIBP-CorV between HCW previously infected with SARS-CoV-2 (PI) and not previously infected (NPI), employing the Elecsys^(®) anti-SARS-CoV-2 S and the cPass™ SARS- CoV-2 Neutralization…

• Network pharmacology and experimental validation identify the potential mechanism of sophocarpine for COVID-19 - Introduction. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused a serious threat to public health worldwide, and there is currently no effective therapeutic strategy for treating COVID-19.Hypothesis/Gap Statement. We propose that sophocarpine (SOP) might have potential therapeutic effects on COVID-19 through inhibiting the cytokine storm and the nuclear factor NF-κB signalling pathway.Aim. The objective was to elucidate the potential mechanism of SOP against COVID-19 through a network pharmacology…

• Endocytic trafficking of GAS6-AXL complexes is associated with sustained AKT activation - AXL, a TAM receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK), and its ligand growth arrest-specific 6 (GAS6) are implicated in cancer metastasis and drug resistance, and cellular entry of viruses. Given this, AXL is an attractive therapeutic target, and its inhibitors are being tested in cancer and COVID-19 clinical trials. Still, astonishingly little is known about intracellular mechanisms that control its function. Here, we characterized endocytosis of AXL, a process known to regulate intracellular functions of…

• Evaluation of Antiviral Effect against SARS-CoV-2 Propagation by Crude Polysaccharides from Seaweed and Abalone Viscera In Vitro - Crude polysaccharides, extracted from two seaweed species (Hizikia fusiforme and Sargassum horneri) and Haliotis discus hannai (abalone) viscera, were evaluated for their inhibitory effect against SARS-CoV-2 propagation. Plaque titration revealed that these crude polysaccharides efficiently inhibited SARS-CoV-2 propagation with IC(50) values ranging from 0.35 to 4.37 μg/mL. The crude polysaccharide of H. fusiforme showed the strongest antiviral effect, with IC(50) of 0.35 μg/mL, followed by S….

• Multifaceted efficacy of caspofungin against fungal infections in COVID-19 patients - Fungal co-infections of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are generally infrequent, but are more common among patients with hematological diseases or severe cases in the intensive care unit (ICU). As fungal infections often carry a high mortality rate, preventing their development is considered important for patients with COVID-19. Caspofungin covers Candida spp. and Aspergillus spp. as causative pathogens of fungal infections associated with COVID-19, and is known to have few side effects…

• Repurposing of FDA Approved Drugs Against SARS-CoV-2 Papain-Like Protease: Computational, Biochemical, and in vitro Studies - The pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 (SCoV-2) has impacted the world in many ways and the virus continues to evolve and produce novel variants with the ability to cause frequent global outbreaks. Although the advent of the vaccines abated the global burden, they were not effective against all the variants of SCoV-2. This trend warrants shifting the focus on the development of small molecules targeting the crucial proteins of the viral replication machinery as effective therapeutic solutions. The…

• Insights Into Immunothrombotic Mechanisms in Acute Stroke due to Vaccine-Induced Immune Thrombotic Thrombocytopenia - During the COVID-19 pandemic, vaccination is the most important countermeasure. Pharmacovigilance concerns however emerged with very rare, but potentially disastrous thrombotic complications following vaccination with ChAdOx1. Platelet factor-4 antibody mediated vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia (VITT) was described as an underlying mechanism of these thrombotic events. Recent work moreover suggests that mechanisms of immunothrombosis including neutrophil extracellular trap…

• SARS-CoV-2 ORF7a potently inhibits the antiviral effect of the host factor SERINC5 - Serine Incorporator 5 (SERINC5), a cellular multipass transmembrane protein that is involved in sphingolipid and phosphatydilserine biogenesis, potently restricts a number of retroviruses, including Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). SERINC5 is incorporated in the budding virions leading to the inhibition of virus infectivity. In turn, retroviruses, including HIV, encode factors that counteract the antiviral effect of SERINC5. While SERINC5 has been well studied in retroviruses, little is known…

• Type-I interferons in the immunopathogenesis and treatment of Coronavirus disease 2019 - Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), is currently the major global health problem. Still, it continues to infect people globally and up to the end of February 2022, over 436 million confirmed cases of COVID-19, including 5.95 million deaths, were reported to the world health organization (WHO). No specific treatment is currently available for COVID-19, and the discovery of effective therapeutics requires…

• Multi-target potential of Indian phytochemicals against SARS-CoV-2: A docking, molecular dynamics and MM-GBSA approach extended to Omicron B.1.1.529 - CONCLUSION: Overall our study imparts the usage of phytochemicals as antiviral agents for SARS-CoV-2 infection. Additional in vitro and in vivo testing of these phytochemicals is required to confirm their potency.

• Exploring the Spike-hACE 2 Residue-Residue Interaction in Human Coronaviruses SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV, and HCoV-NL63 - Coronaviruses (CoVs) have been responsible for three major outbreaks since the beginning of the 21st century, and the emergence of the recent COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in considerable efforts to design new therapies against coronaviruses. Thus, it is crucial to understand the structural features of their major proteins related to the virus- host interaction. Several studies have shown that from the seven known CoV human pathogens, three of them use the human Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2…

• Monoclonal antibody designed for SARS-nCoV-2 spike protein of receptor binding domain on antigenic targeted epitopes for inhibition to prevent viral entry - SARS, or severe acute respiratory syndrome, is caused by a novel coronavirus (COVID-19). This situation has compelled many pharmaceutical R&D companies and public health research sectors to focus their efforts on developing effective therapeutics. SARS-nCoV-2 was chosen as a protein spike to targeted monoclonal antibodies and therapeutics for prevention and treatment. Deep mutational scanning created a monoclonal antibody to characterize the effects of mutations in a variable antibody fragment…

• Strategies to Improve Perioperative Communication During the COVID-19 Pandemic - The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has led to a variety of challenges that have necessitated process changes in perioperative environments. Communication failures are a cause of surgical adverse events, and the pandemic has created additional communication concerns. Measures to prevent disease transmission, such as social distancing and wearing personal protective equipment, may inhibit communication. Relational dynamics and the types of collaboration that perioperative health care…

• Pnictogen-Centered Cascade Exchangers for Thiol-Mediated Uptake: As(III)-, Sb(III)-, and Bi(III)-Expanded Cyclic Disulfides as Inhibitors of Cytosolic Delivery and Viral Entry - Dynamic covalent exchange cascades with cellular thiols are of interest to deliver substrates to the cytosol and to inhibit the entry of viruses. The best transporters and inhibitors known today are cyclic cascade exchangers (CAXs), producing a new exchanger with every exchange, mostly cyclic oligochalcogenides, particularly disulfides. The objective of this study was to expand the dynamic covalent chalcogen exchange cascades in thiol-mediated uptake by inserting pnictogen relays. A family of…

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