Billions of doses of COVID-19 vaccines have been administered around the world, dramatically reducing SARS-CoV-2 incidence in some settings. Many studies suggest vaccines provide a high degree of protection against infection and disease, but precise estimates vary and studies differ in design, outcomes measured, dosing regime, location, and circulating virus strains. Here we conduct a systematic review of COVID-19 vaccines as of August 2021. We included efficacy data from Phase 3 clinical trials for 13 vaccines within the WHO Emergency Use Listing evaluation process and real-world effectiveness for 5 vaccines with observational studies meeting inclusion criteria. Vaccine metrics collected include effects against asymptomatic infection, any infection, symptomatic COVID-19, and severe outcomes including hospitalization and death, for both partial and complete vaccination, and against SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern. In addition, we review the epidemiological principles behind the design and interpretation of vaccine effects, and explain important sources of heterogeneity between studies.
Background Much research shows that blood calcidiol (25(OH)D3) levels correlate strongly with SARS-CoV-2 infection severity. There is open discussion regarding whether low D3 is caused by the infection or if deficiency negatively affects immune defense. The aim of this study was to collect further evidence on this topic. Methods Systematic literature search was performed to identify retrospective cohort as well as clinical studies on COVID-19 mortality rates vs. D3 blood levels. Mortality rates from clinical studies were corrected for age, sex and diabetes. Data was analyzed using correlation and linear regression. Results One population study and seven clinical studies were identified, which reported D3 blood levels pre-infection or on the day of hospital admission. They independently showed a negative Pearson correlation of D3 levels and mortality risk (r(17)=-.4154, p=.0770/r(13)=-.4886, p=.0646). For the combined data, median (IQR) D3 levels were 23.2 ng/ml (17.4 – 26.8), and a significant Pearson correlation was observed (r(32)=-.3989, p=.0194). Regression suggested a theoretical point of zero mortality at approximately 50 ng/ml D3. Conclusions The two datasets provide strong evidence that low D3 is a predictor rather than a side effect of the infection. Despite ongoing vaccinations, we recommend raising serum 25(OH)D levels to above 50 ng/ml to prevent or mitigate new outbreaks due to escape mutations or decreasing antibody activity.
Historically, viruses have demonstrated airborne transmission. Emerging evidence suggests the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) that causes COVID-19 may also spread by airborne transmission. This is more likely in indoor environments, particularly with poor ventilation. In the context of potential airborne transmission, a vital mitigation strategy for the built environment is heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems. HVAC features could modify virus transmission potential. A systematic review following international standards was conducted to comprehensively identify and synthesize research examining the effectiveness of filters within HVAC systems in reducing virus transmission. Twenty-three relevant studies showed that: filtration was associated with decreased transmission; filters removed viruses from the air; increasing filter efficiency (efficiency of particle removal) was associated with decreased transmission, decreased infection risk, and increased viral filtration efficiency (efficiency of virus removal); increasing filter efficiency above MERV 13 was associated with limited benefit in further reduction of virus concentration and infection risk; and filters with the same efficiency rating from different companies showed variable performance. Increasing filter efficiency may mitigate virus transmission; however, improvement may be limited above MERV 13. Adapting HVAC systems to mitigate virus transmission requires a multi-factorial approach and filtration is one factor offering demonstrated potential for decreased transmission.
BACKGROUND Among the various driving factors for vaccine hesitancy, confidence in the safety associated with the vaccine constitutes as one of the key factors. This study aimed at comparing the adverse effects of COVID-19 vaccines with the Flu vaccines. METHODS The VAERS data from 01/01/2020 to 08/20/2021 were used. The MedDRA terms coded by VAERS were further aggregated by a clinician into clinically meaningful broader terms. RESULTS Various common adverse events between Flu and COVID-19 vaccines have been identified. Adverse events such as headache and fever were very common across all age groups. Among the common adverse events between Flu and COVID-19 vaccine, the relative risk along with 95% CI indicated that such common adverse events were more likely to be experienced by COVID-19 vaccine users than Flu vaccine users. Our study also quantified the proportion of rare adverse events such as Guillain Barre Syndrome and Gynecological changes in the VAERS database for COVID-19 vaccines. CONCLUSIONS Based on the available data and results, it appears that there were some common adverse events between Flu vaccines and COVID-19 vaccines. These identified common adverse events warrant further investigations based on the relative risk and 95% CI.
Finding Treatments for COVID-19: A Trial of Antiviral Pharmacodynamics in Early Symptomatic COVID-19 (PLATCOV) - Condition: COVID-19
Interventions: Drug: Favipiravir; Drug: Monoclonal antibodies; Drug: Ivermectin; Other: No treatment; Drug: Remdesivir
Sponsor: University of Oxford
Not yet recruiting
Safety and Immunogenicity Study of AdCLD-CoV19-1: A COVID-19 Preventive Vaccine in Healthy Volunteers - Condition: Covid19
Intervention: Biological: AdCLD-CoV19-1
Sponsor:
Cellid Co., Ltd.
Recruiting
A Post-Exposure Prophylaxis Study of PF-07321332/Ritonavir in Adult Household Contacts of an Individual With Symptomatic COVID-19 - Condition: COVID-19
Interventions: Drug: PF-07321332; Drug: Placebo for PF-07321332; Drug: Placebo for Ritonavir; Drug: Ritonavir
Sponsor: Pfizer
Recruiting
Factors Influencing the COVID-19 Vaccine Immune Response According to Age and Presence or Not of a Past History of COVID-19 - Condition: Covid19
Interventions: Biological: COVID-19 vaccine Pfizer (2 doses); Biological: COVID-19 vaccine Pfizer (1 dose); Biological: COVID-19 mRNA Vaccine Moderna (2 doses); Biological: COVID-19 mRNA Vaccine Moderna (1 dose)
Sponsors: Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Saint Etienne; Sanofi Pasteur, a Sanofi Company; Bioaster
Not yet recruiting
TThe Safety and Efficacy of SCTV01C in Population Aged ≥18 Years Previously Vaccinated With Inactivated COVID-19 Vaccine.Healthy Population Aged ≥18 Years Previously Vaccinated With Inactivated COVID-19 Vaccine. - Conditions: COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2 Infection
Interventions: Biological: SCTV01C; Other: Placebo
Sponsor: Sinocelltech Ltd.
Not yet recruiting
The Safety and Efficacy of SCTV01C in Population Aged ≥18 Years Previously Vaccinated With Inactivated COVID-19 Vaccine.Healthy Population Aged ≥18 Years Previously Vaccinated With Adenovirus Vectored or mRNA COVID-19 Vaccine. - Conditions: COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2 Infection
Interventions: Biological: SCTV01C; Other: Placebo
Sponsor: Sinocelltech Ltd.
Not yet recruiting
Heterologous Prime-boost Immunization With an Aerosolised Adenovirus Type-5 Vector-based COVID-19 Vaccine (Ad5-nCoV) After Priming With an Inactivated SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine - Condition: COVID-19
Interventions: Biological: inactive SARS-CoV-2 vaccine (Vero cell); Biological: Low dose aerosolized Ad5-nCoV; Biological: High dose aerosolized Ad5-nCoV
Sponsor: Jiangsu Province Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Recruiting
Combined Antihistaminics Therapy in COVID 19 Patients - Condition: Covid19
Interventions: Drug: Loratadine; Drug: Famotidine
Sponsors: Ain Shams University; Nasr City Insurance Hospital
Not yet recruiting
Relate to the Virus That Causes COVID-19, Known as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) - Condition: Covid19
Intervention: Other: Rapid antigen testing kit
Sponsors:
Mahidol University; Yuvabadhana foundation; Zero COVID Thailand
Not yet recruiting
Prevention and Treatment of Patient Before, During, and After Covid-19 Infection - Condition: Covid19
Intervention: Drug: AntiCov-220
Sponsor:
Nguyen Thi Trieu, MD
Active, not recruiting
Test to Stay in School: COVID-19 Testing Following Exposure in School Communities - Condition: Covid19
Intervention: Other: COVID-19 Testing
Sponsor:
Duke University
Not yet recruiting
FLuticasone in cOvid Treatment (FLOT) - Condition: Covid19
Intervention: Drug: Fluticasone Propionate
Sponsor:
University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City
Recruiting
Efficacy and Safety of Baricitinib in Patients With Moderate and Severe COVID-19 - Condition: Covid19
Interventions: Drug: Baricitinib; Drug: Placebo
Sponsor:
Incepta Pharmaceuticals Ltd
Not yet recruiting
Efficacy of KOVIR Hard Capsule in the Combination Regimen With Background Treatment in COVID-19 Patients - Condition: COVID-19
Intervention: Dietary Supplement: KOVIR hard capsule combined with background treatment
Sponsors: Sunstar Joint Stock Company; Big Leap Clinical Research Joint Stock Company
Not yet recruiting
Safety and Efficacy of KOVIR in the Combination Regimen With Background Treatment in COVID-19 Patients (KOVIR) - Condition: COVID-19
Interventions: Dietary Supplement: KOVIR oral capsule; Dietary Supplement: Placebo oral capsule
Sponsors: Sunstar Joint Stock Company; Big Leap Clinical Research Joint Stock Company
Completed
Targeting the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway: A therapeutic strategy in COVID-19 patients - Some COVID-19 patients suffer complications from anti-viral immune responses which can lead to both a dangerous cytokine storm and development of blood-borne factors that render severe thrombotic events more likely. The precise immune response profile is likely, therefore, to determine and predict patient outcomes and also represents a target for intervention. Anti-viral T cell exhaustion in the early stages is associated with disease progression. Dysregulation of T cell functions, which…
Mechanisms of Antiviral Immune Evasion of SARS-CoV-2 - Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and is characterized by a delayed interferon (IFN) response and high levels of proinflammatory cytokine expression. Type I and III IFNs serve as a first line of defense during acute viral infections and are readily antagonized by viruses to establish productive infection. A rapidly growing body of work has interrogated the mechanisms by which SARS-CoV-2 antagonizes both IFN induction and IFN…
Low molecular weight fucoidan attenuating pulmonary fibrosis by relieving inflammatory reaction and progression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition - Diffuse alveolar injury and pulmonary fibrosis (PF) are the main causes of death of Covid-19 cases. In this study a low molecular weight fucoidan (LMWF) with unique structural was obtained from Laminaria japonica, and its anti- PF and anti- epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) bioactivity were investigated both in vivo and in vitro. After LWMF treatment the fibrosis and inflammatory factors stimulated by Bleomycin (BLM) were in lung tissue. Immunohistochemical and Western-blot results found…
Immunomodulatory Role of Nutrients: How Can Pulmonary Dysfunctions Improve? - Nutrition is an important tool that can be used to modulate the immune response during infectious diseases. In addition, through diet, important substrates are acquired for the biosynthesis of regulatory molecules in the immune response, influencing the progression and treatment of chronic lung diseases, such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). In this way, nutrition can promote lung health status. A range of nutrients, such as vitamins (A, C, D, and E), minerals (zinc,…
The Use of Biologics During the COVID-19 Pandemic - During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, there has been considerable discussion regarding the use of biologics in patients with inflammatory skin conditions, such as psoriasis, hidradenitis suppurativa, and atopic dermatitis. This article discusses clinical trial data, real-world evidence, and guidelines and recommendations for biologics that inhibit tumor necrosis factor, interleukin (IL)-12/23, IL-17, IL-23, and IL-4/13 during the COVID-19 pandemic. Across these inflammatory…
Cytometric analysis of patients with COVID-19: what is changed in the second wave? - CONCLUSIONS: COVID-19 had a less severe impact in patients of the 2nd wave in advanced stages, while the impact appeared more severe in patients of mild and moderate stages, as compared with 1st wave patients. This finding suggests that in COVID-19 patients with milder expression at diagnosis, steroid and azithromycin therapies appear to worsen the immune response against the virus. Furthermore, the cytometric profile may help to drive targeted therapies by monoclonal antibodies to modulate…
Discovery of novel oxazole-based macrocycles as anti-coronaviral agents targeting SARS-CoV-2 main protease - We have discovered a family of synthetic oxazole-based macrocycles to be active against SARS-CoV-2. The synthesis, pharmacological properties, and docking studies of the compounds are reported in this study. The structure of the new macrocycles was confirmed by NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. Compounds 13, 14, and 15a-c were evaluated for their anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity on SARS-COV-2 (NRC-03-nhCoV) virus in Vero-E6 cells. Isopropyl triester 13 and triacid 14 demonstrated superior…
Effective SARS-CoV-2 antiviral activity of hyperbranched polylysine nanopolymers - The coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) had spread rapidly since December 2019, when it was first identified in Wuhan, China. As of April 2021, more than 130 million cases have been confirmed, with more than 3 million deaths, making it one of the deadliest pandemics in history. Different approaches must be put in place to confront a new pandemic: community- based behaviours (i.e., isolation and social distancing), antiviral treatments, and vaccines. Although behaviour-based actions have produced…
Natural Compounds With Antimicrobial and Antiviral Effect and Nanocarriers Used for Their Transportation - Due to the increasing prevalence of life-threatening bacterial, fungal and viral infections and the ability of these human pathogens to develop resistance to current treatment strategies, there is a great need to find and develop new compunds to combat them. These molecules must have low toxicity, specific activity and high bioavailability. The most suitable compounds for this task are usually derived from natural sources (animal, plant or even microbial). In this review article, the latest and…
TLR-4 Agonist Induces IFN-γ Production Selectively in Proinflammatory Human M1 Macrophages through the PI3K-mTOR- and JNK-MAPK-Activated p70S6K Pathway - IFN-γ, a proinflammatory cytokine produced primarily by T cells and NK cells, activates macrophages and engages mechanisms to control pathogens. Although there is evidence of IFN-γ production by murine macrophages, IFN-γ production by normal human macrophages and their subsets remains unknown. Herein, we show that human M1 macrophages generated by IFN-γ and IL-12- and IL-18-stimulated monocyte-derived macrophages (M0) produce significant levels of IFN-γ. Further stimulation of IL-12/IL-18-primed…
Semi-continuous propagation of influenza A virus and its defective interfering particles: analyzing the dynamic competition to select candidates for antiviral therapy - Defective interfering particles (DIPs) of influenza A virus (IAV) are naturally occurring mutants that comprise an internal deletion in one of their eight viral RNA (vRNA) segments, rendering them propagation-incompetent. Upon co- infection with infectious standard virus (STV), DIPs interfere with STV replication through competitive inhibition. Thus, DIPs are proposed as potent antivirals for treatment of the influenza disease. To select corresponding candidates, we studied de novo generation of…
Inhibition of autophagy suppresses SARS-CoV-2 replication and ameliorates pneumonia in hACE2 transgenic mice and xenografted human lung tissues - Autophagy is thought to be involved in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. However, how SARS-CoV-2 interferes with the autophagic pathway and whether autophagy contributes to virus infection in vivo is unclear. Here, we identified SARS-CoV-2-triggered autophagy in animal models including the long tailed or crab eating macaque (Macaca fascicularis), hACE2 transgenic mice and xenografted human lung tissues. In Vero E6 and Huh-7 cells, SARS-CoV-2 induces…
Research progress of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) on anti-pathogenic microbes and immune regulation activities - At the end of 2019, the COVID-19 virus spread worldwide, infecting millions of people. Infectious diseases induced by pathogenic microorganisms such as the influenza virus, hepatitis virus, and Mycobacterium tuberculosis are also a major threat to public health. The high mortality caused by infectious pathogenic microorganisms is due to their strong virulence, which leads to the excessive counterattack by the host immune system and severe inflammatory damage of the immune system. This paper…
Use of Thromboelastography in the Evaluation and Management of Patients With Traumatic Brain Injury: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis - CONCLUSIONS: Thromboelastography and thromboelastography with platelet mapping characterize coagulopathy patterns in traumatic brain injury patients. Abnormal thromboelastography profiles are associated with poor outcomes. Conversely, treatment protocols designed to normalize abnormal parameters may be associated with improved traumatic brain injury patient outcomes. Current quality of evidence in this population is low; so future efforts should evaluate viscoelastic hemostatic assay-guided…
MACHINE LEARNING TECHNIQUE TO ANALYSE THE CONDITION OF COVID-19 PATIENTS BASED ON THEIR SATURATION LEVELS - - link
A HERB BASED COMPOSITION ANTI VIRAL MEDICINE FOR TREATMENT OF SARS COV 2 AND A METHOD FOR TREATING A PERSON INFECTED BY THE SARS COV 2 VIRUS - A Herbal composition, viz., PONNU MARUNTHU essentially comprising of ALLUIUM CEPA extract. [concentrated to 30%] 75%, SAPINDUS MUKOROSSI - extract [Optimised] 10%, CITRUS X LIMON - extract in its natural form 05 TRACYSPERMUM AMMI (L) – extract 07%,ROSA HYBRIDA - extract 03%, PONNU MARUNTHU solution 50 ml, or as a capsulated PONNU MARUNTHU can be given to SARS cov2 positive Patients, three times a day that is ½ an hour before food; continued for 3 days to 5 days and further taking it for 2 days if need be there; It will completely cure a person. When the SARS cov2 test shows negative this medicine can be discontinued. This indigenous medicine and method for treating a person inflicted with SARS COV 2 viral infection is quite effective in achieving of much needed remedy for the patients and saving precious lives from the pangs of death and ensuring better health of people. - link
治疗或预防新冠病毒的靶点 - 本发明提供一种蛋白片段,是如下至少一种:A1)氨基酸酸序列如SEQ ID NO.1所示;A2)氨基酸序列如SEQ ID NO.1第12位‑34位所示;A3)将A1)的蛋白片段的第18、19、28和29位中的任意一个或几个氨基酸残基经过一个或几个氨基酸残基的取代、缺失、添加得到的与A1)所示的蛋白片段具有90%以上的同一性的蛋白片段;A4)氨基酸酸序列如SEQ ID NO.2所示;A5)氨基酸序列如SEQ ID NO.2第32‑41位所示;A6)将A4)的蛋白片段的第35和36位中的任意1个或2个氨基酸残基经过一个或几个氨基酸残基的取代、缺失、添加得到的与A4)所示的蛋白片段具有90%以上的同一性的蛋白片段。 - link
Anti-Sars-Cov-2 Neutralizing Antibodies - - link
Expression Vector for Anti-Sars-Cov-2 Neutralizing Antibodies - - link
DEVELOPMENT OF CNN SCHEME FOR COVID-19 DISEASE DETECTION USING CHEST RADIOGRAPH - - link
一种S1F-AXL复合物、试剂盒和检测该复合物的方法及应用 - 本发明公开了一种S1F‑AXL复合物、试剂盒和检测该复合物的方法及应用。所述试剂盒包含S1F多肽和AXL多肽,以S1F多肽、AXL多肽中的一种作为包被底物;所述S1F多肽和所述AXL多肽中至少一种为具有缀合标签的糖基化多肽,还包括具有微孔的微量滴定板、标记底物标记的抗标签特异性抗体、HRP偶联的二抗、洗涤缓冲液、标记底物反应液、反应终止液。所述检测S1F‑AXL复合物的试剂盒,通过测量标记的信号特征,检测S1F‑AXL复合物的结合亲和力,还可以用于检测来自怀疑感染了SARS‑CoV‑2(Covid‑19)的受试者的生物样品中的病毒。 - link
一种检测新型冠状病毒的引物探针组合及其应用 - 本发明提供了一种检测新型冠状病毒的引物探针组合及其应用,所述检测新型冠状病毒的引物探针组合包括特异性扩增并检测2019‑nCoV的ORF1ab基因、核壳蛋白N基因和刺突蛋白S基因N501Y突变位点的特异性引物对和探针。本发明还提供了一种检测新型冠状病毒的试剂盒及其以非疾病诊断和/或治疗为目的的使用方法。本发明所述检测新型冠状病毒的引物探针组合具有良好的特异性与灵敏度,配合优化后的检测体系,可以对待测样本进行快速准确的检测,并可以对整个实验流程进行监控,降低假阳性以及假阴性检测结果的出现概率,具有重要的意义。 - link
SARS-COV-2 BINDING PROTEINS - - link
COVID-19胸部CT图像识别方法、装置及电子设备 - 本申请涉及一种COVID‑19胸部CT图像识别方法、装置及电子设备。所述方法获取COVID‑19的胸部CT图像,并针对胸部CT图像的特点,构建新冠肺炎CT识别网络,对该网络进行训练得到COVID‑19胸部CT图像识别模型,并利用该模型对待测CT图像进行分类。采用空洞卷积、深度卷积以及点卷积算子,减少冗余参数;采用并行结构连接方式,实现多尺度特征融合、降低模型复杂度;采用下采样方式,使用最大模糊池化以减少锯齿效应,保持信号的平移不变性;采用通道混洗操作,减少参数量与计算量,提高分类准确率,引入坐标注意力机制,使空间坐标信息与通道信息被关注,抑制不重要的信息,以解决资源匹配问题。 - link