Covid-19 Sentry

Contents

• From Preprints
• From Clinical Trials
• From PubMed
• From Patent Search

From Preprints

• Families face pandemic – A review of psychological suggestions and empirical findings regarding the Covid-19 pandemic -
  Aims. Even though child psychology researches related to a pandemic are extensive, the knowledge of practitioners about interventions and practices is still very limited. The complete novelty of such an epidemic situation in Europe, the diversity of terminology and methods are factors that make results hard to interpret. Therefore, the current study aims to give an overview of the psychological literature of the family aspects of the Covid-19 pandemic. Methods. A search was executed in four databases (Science Direct, Medline, Scopus, Google Scholar) using the following keywords: pandemic, Covid 19, family, children, adolescents, anxiety, depression. Our review focuses only on English language literature. Results. The majority of the articles focus on non-pathological phenomena and draws attention to the behavior of healthy populations (increase in internet use, the decline of concentration). Methods were dominated by online surveys. These surveys were mainly constructed ad-hoc and they preferred to address parents. Direct child investigations are underrepresented, but several suggestions were formulated for their optimal functioning. Conclusion:. Researches focusing on psychopathology emphasize the growth in the prevalence of disorders. However, other researches are needed to explore the psychodynamics of the pandemic on the family level. Our study aimed to contribute to the field by summarizing the main findings, suggestions, and interventions hoping that it might be a useful tool for practitioners and reduce the territory of the unknown.
  🖺 Full Text HTML: Families face pandemic – A review of psychological suggestions and empirical findings regarding the Covid-19 pandemic
• The Strategic Environment of the US-Australia Alliance in the Indo-Pacific Era -
  The strategic environment is best likened to an ever-changing river that consists of a myriad of interacting currents residing at various depths and moving with different speeds. Shaping this environment effectively is not the same as causing changes or making differences, but is similar to swimming efficiently in this river. The most powerful currents in this river are related to climate, demographic, technological and economic changes, great power relations, big catastrophes, and human dynamics. The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic will have the largest impact on the strategic environment in the short to medium term. Although the directions of many changes brought about by the global plague are still unfathomable as the pandemic continues to unfold, four trends accelerated by the pandemic—the growth in importance of the cyber domain, the bifurcation of the world economy, the intensification of great power competition, and the transformation of international architecture—are constituting the shape of things to come. In the medium to long term, the hegemonic contest between China and the United States will have the largest impact on the strategic environment. Metaphorically speaking, it is creating the largest vortex in the river that is the strategic environment. East Asia and Australia will be drawn into this vortex even against the best effort to stay outside. This chapter argues that, contrary to the belief of many, there is no Thucydides Trap—the structural cause of war—in this hegemonic contest because it is structured as a game of chicken, not a prisoner’s dilemma. It is important for any player in this environment to recognize the strategic structure of the US-PRC hegemonic contest and apply the best strategy for it as suggested by this structure. China has masterfully played the game of chicken with its gray zone tactics, its pursuit of ‘war by other means’, i.e., its weaponization of the non-military, even of risks. The US-PRC hegemonic contest will not resemble the Cold War much beyond this strategic structure. It will be very different from the Cold War in important aspects, including the ideological and economic realm. Most strikingly, the main front lines of the contest will be in the maritime and cyber domains and, consequently, will be far more fluid and unstable than those of the Cold War.
  🖺 Full Text HTML: The Strategic Environment of the US-Australia Alliance in the Indo-Pacific Era
• Aggressive COVID-19 second wave in Italy -

  A two-step model for the rise and decay of the COVID-19 is applied to the Fall resurgence of COVID-19 in Italy. Data starting from October 6 to the end of December 2020 are compared to the same time interval in Italy starting from the complete lockdown on March 14,2020. The model predicts more than 130,000 deceased by the end of the year 2020 if no effective measures are taken. If similar measures to the March ones are quickly adopted, the number of deceased may decrease to over 40,000. The situation is extremely serious and requires collaboration from everyone starting from wearing masks and other protections when social distancing is not feasible.

  🖺 Full Text HTML: Aggressive COVID-19 second wave in Italy
• Risk of COVID-19 hospitalisation rises exponentially with age, inversely proportional to T-cell production -

  Here we report that COVID-19 hospitalisation rates follow an exponential relationship with age, doubling for every 16 years of age or equivalently increasing by 4.5% per year of life (R2=0.98). This mirrors the well studied exponential decline of both thymus volume and T-cell production, which halve every 16 years. COVID-19 can therefore be added to the list of other diseases with this property, including those caused by MRSA, West Nile virus, Streptococcus Pneumonia and certain cancers, such as chronic myeloid leukemia and brain cancers. In addition, incidence of severe disease and mortality due to COVID-19 are both higher in men, consistent with the degree to which thymic involution (and the decrease in T-cell production with age) is more severe in men compared to women. For under 20s, COVID-19 incidence is remarkably low. A Bayesian analysis of daily hospitalisations, accounting for contact-based and environmental transmission, indicates that non-adults are the only age group to deviate significantly from the exponential relationship. Our model fitting suggests under 20s have 49-75% additional immune protection beyond that predicted by strong thymus function alone, consistent with increased juvenile cross-immunity from other viruses. We found no evidence for differences between age groups in susceptibility to overall infection, or, relative infectiousness to others. The strikingly simple inverse relationship between COVID-19 risk and thymic T-cell output reported here begs a mechanistic understanding and suggests that T-cell based therapies may be a promising target.

  🖺 Full Text HTML: Risk of COVID-19 hospitalisation rises exponentially with age, inversely proportional to T-cell production
• The Accidental Checkmate: Understanding the Intent behind sharing Misinformation on Social Media -
  The bloom of COVID19 has resulted in the explosion of ripple pollens which have severely affected the world community in the terms of their multi-axial impact. These pollens, despite being indistinguishable, have a varied set of characteristics in terms of their origin and contribution towards the overall declining homeostasis of human beings. The most prominent of these pollens are misinformation. Various studies have been conducted, performed, and stochastically replicated to build ML-based models to accurately detect misinformation and its variates on the common modalities of spread. However, the recent independent analysis conducted on the prior studies reveals how the current fact-checking systems fail and fall flat in fulfilling any practical demands that the misinfodemic of COVID19 brought for us. While the scientific community broadly accepts the pandemic-like resemblance of the rampant misinformation spread, we must also make sure that our response to the same is multi-faceted, interdisciplinary, and doesn’t stand restricted. As crucial it is to chart the features of misinformation spread, it is also important to understand why it spreads in the first place? Our paper deals with the latter question through a game-theory based approach. We implement a game with two social media users or players who aim at increasing their outreach on their social media handles whilst spreading misinformation knowingly. We take five independent parameters from 100 Twitter handles that have shared misinformation during the period of COVID19. Twitter was chosen as it is a prominent social media platform accredited to the major modality for misinformation spread. The outreach increment on the user’s Twitter handles were measured using various features provided by Twitter - number of comments, number of retweets, and number of likes. Later, using a computational neuroscientific approach, we map each of these features with the type of neural system they trigger in a person’s brain. This helps in understanding how misinformation whilst being used as an intentional decoy to increase outreach on social media, also, affects the human social cognition system eliciting pseudo-responses that weren’t intended otherwise leading to realizing possible neuroscientific correlation as to how spreading misinformation on social media intentionally/unintentionally becomes a strategic maneuver to increased reach and possibly a false sense of accomplishment.
  🖺 Full Text HTML: The Accidental Checkmate: Understanding the Intent behind sharing Misinformation on Social Media
• The lived experience of COVID-19: housing and household resilience -
  This study investigated housing outcomes during the first three months of the COVID-19 pandemic, and evaluated the complex interrelated impacts it is having on Australian households with a range of vulnerabilities. COVID-19 has exacerbated vulnerabilities such as poor housing quality and location; housing affordability; energy poverty and a range of social, mental and physical health conditions.
  🖺 Full Text HTML: The lived experience of COVID-19: housing and household resilience
• Factsheet: The impact of the nationwide COVID-19 lockdown on adult New Zealanders’ experiences of unwanted digital communications -
  This factsheet presents findings from a study looking at the prevalence of unwanted digital communications in New Zealand during the nationwide COVID-19 lockdown. This study found a higher prevalence of unwanted digital communications around the time of the nationwide COVID-19 lockdown. This study’s findings suggest that unexpected health and social events, such as the COVID-19 pandemic and compulsory lockdown, are factors that can trigger changes in people’s experiences of online risk from unwanted digital communications.
  🖺 Full Text HTML: Factsheet: The impact of the nationwide COVID-19 lockdown on adult New Zealanders’ experiences of unwanted digital communications
• Association of HLA class I genotypes with age at death of COVID-19 patients -

  HLA class I molecules play a crucial role in the development of a specific immune response to viral infections by presenting viral peptides to cell surface where they will be further recognized by T cells. In the present manuscript we explored whether HLA class I genotype can be associated with critical course of COVID-19 by searching possible connections between genotypes of deceased patients and their age at death. HLA-A, HLA-B and HLA-C genotypes of n = 111 deceased patients with COVID-19 (Moscow, Russia) and n = 428 volunteers were identified with targeted next-generation sequencing. Deceased patients were splitted into two groups according to age at death: n = 26 adult patients with age at death below 60 completed years (inclusively) and n = 85 elderly patients over 60. With the use of HLA class I genotypes we developed a risk score which is associated with the ability to present SARS-CoV-2 peptides by an individual9s HLA class I molecule set. The resulting risk score was significantly higher in the group of deceased adults compared to elderly adults (p = 0.00348, AUC ROC = 0.68). In particular, presence of HLA-A01:01 allele was associated with high risk, while HLA-A02:01 and HLA-A03:01 mainly contributed to the low risk group. The analysis of homozygous patients highlighted the results even stronger: homozygosity by HLA-A01:01 mainly accompanied early deaths, while only one HLA-A*02:01 homozygote died before 60. The obtained results suggest the important role of HLA class I peptide presentation in the development of a specific immune response to COVID-19. While prediction of age at death by HLA class I genotype had a reliable performance, involvement of HLA class II genotype can make it even higher in the future studies.

  🖺 Full Text HTML: Association of HLA class I genotypes with age at death of COVID-19 patients
• Risk of death among people with rare autoimmune diseases compared to the general population in England during the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic. -

  Objectives To quantify the risk of death among people with rare autoimmune rheumatic diseases (RAIRD) during the UK 2020 COVID-19 pandemic compared to the general population, and compared to their pre-COVID risk. Methods We conducted a cohort study in Hospital Episode Statistics for England 2003 onwards, and linked data from the NHS Personal Demographics Service. We used ONS published data for general population mortality rates. Results We included 168,691 people with a recorded diagnosis of RAIRD alive on 01/03/2020. Their median age was 61.7 (IQR 41.5-75.4) years, and 118,379 (70.2%) were female. Our case ascertainment methods had a positive predictive value of 85%. 1,815 (1.1%) participants died during March and April 2020. The age-standardised mortality rate (ASMR) among people with RAIRD (3669.3, 95% CI 3500.4-3838.1 per 100,000 person-years) was 1.44 (95% CI 1.42-1.45) times higher than the average ASMR during the same months of the previous 5 years, whereas in the general population of England it was 1.38 times higher. Age-specific mortality rates in people with RAIRD compared to the pre-COVID rates were higher from the age of 35 upwards, whereas in the general population the increased risk began from age 55 upwards. Women had a greater increase in mortality rates during COVID-19 compared to men. Conclusion The risk of all-cause death is more prominently raised during COVID-19 among people with RAIRD than among the general population. We urgently need to quantify how much risk is due to COVID-19 infection and how much is due to disruption to healthcare services.

  🖺 Full Text HTML: Risk of death among people with rare autoimmune diseases compared to the general population in England during the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic.
• Transmission and protection against re-infection in the ferret model with the SARS-CoV-2 USA-WA1/2020 reference isolate -
  SARS-CoV-2 has initiated a global pandemic and vaccines are being rapidly developed. Using the reference strain SARS-CoV-2 USA-WA1/2020, we evaluated modes of transmission and the ability of prior infection or vaccine-induced immunity to protect against infection in ferrets. Ferrets were semi-permissive to infection with the USA-WA1/2020 isolate. When transmission was assessed via the detection of vRNA at multiple timepoints, direct contact transmission was efficient to 3/3 and 3/4 contact animals in two respective studies, while respiratory transmission was poor to only 1/4 contact animals. To assess the durability of immunity, ferrets were re-challenged 28 or 56 days post-primary infection. Following viral challenge, no infectious virus was recovered in nasal wash samples. In addition, levels of vRNA in the nasal wash were several orders of magnitude lower than during primary infection, and vRNA was rapidly cleared. To determine if intramuscular vaccination protected ferrets against infection, ferrets were vaccinated using a prime-boost strategy with the S-protein receptor-binding domain formulated with an oil-in-water adjuvant. Upon viral challenge, none of the mock or vaccinated animals were protected against infection, and there were no significant differences in vRNA or infectious virus titers in the nasal wash. Combined these studies demonstrate that in ferrets direct contact is the predominant mode of transmission of the SARS-CoV-2 USA-WA1/2020 isolate and immunity to SARS-CoV-2 is maintained for at least 56 days. Our studies also indicate protection of the upper respiratory tract against SARS-CoV-2 will require vaccine strategies that mimic natural infection or induce site-specific immunity.
  🖺 Full Text HTML: Transmission and protection against re-infection in the ferret model with the SARS-CoV-2 USA-WA1/2020 reference isolate
• Anti-COVID-19 efficacy of ivermectin in the golden hamster -
  The devastating coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, due to SARS-CoV-2, has caused more than 47 million confirmed cases and more than 1.2 million human deaths around the globe, and most of the severe cases of COVID-19 in humans are associated with neurological symptoms such as anosmia and ageusia, and uncontrolled inflammatory immune response. Among therapeutic options, the use of the anti-parasitic drug ivermectin (IVM), has been proposed, given its possible anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity. Ivermectin is a positive allosteric modulator of the alpha-7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, which has been suggested to represent a target for the control of Covid-19 infection, with a potential immunomodulatory activity. We assessed the effects of IVM in SARS-CoV-2-intranasally-inoculated golden Syrian hamsters. Even though ivermectin had no effect on viral load, SARS-Cov-2-associated pathology was greatly attenuated. IVM had a sex-dependent and compartmentalized immunomodulatory effect, preventing clinical deterioration and reducing olfactory deficit in infected animals. Importantly, ivermectin dramatically reduced the Il-6/Il-10 ratio in lung tissue, which likely accounts for the more favorable clinical presentation in treated animals. Our data support IVM as a promising anti-COVID-19 drug candidate.
  🖺 Full Text HTML: Anti-COVID-19 efficacy of ivermectin in the golden hamster
• Stay at Home! When Personality Profiles Influence Psychological Adjustment and Creativity during the COVID-19 Outbreak -
  Background. With the COVID-19 outbreak, the population was suddenly forced to “stay at home”. Although research suggests that social isolation affects health and wellbeing, reactions may vary depending on individuals, and their preference for solitude. This study aimed to identify personality profiles, and examine whether these profiles were associated with affective and cognitive outcomes. Methods. French respondents (N = 430) filled in an online questionnaire during the lockdown in Spring 2020. The questionnaire comprised information on lockdown conditions, measures of psychological adjustment and performance on a series of creative tasks. Results. Based on measures of individuals’ preference for solitude, extraversion, emotional stability and openness, the cluster analysis revealed three profiles: “Affiliation”, “Emotionally Stable Lonely” and “Emotionally Unstable Lonely”. Results showed that individuals with “Affiliation” and “Emotionally Unstable Lonely” profile expressed higher stress and anxiety, and the latter performed better on a divergent creative thinking task. By contrast, those with an “Emotionally Stable Lonely” profile expressed a lower level of loneliness, and performed better on a creative insight task. Conclusion. These findings reveal the importance of personality profiles in psychological reactions during lockdowns. With this knowledge, health professionals could develop appropriate interventions to accompany high-risk individuals in situations of social isolation.
  🖺 Full Text HTML: Stay at Home! When Personality Profiles Influence Psychological Adjustment and Creativity during the COVID-19 Outbreak
• Viruses such as SARS-CoV-2 can be partially shielded from UV radiation when in particles generated by sneezing or coughing: Numerical simulations -

  UV radiation can inactivate viruses such as SARS-CoV-2. However, designing effective UV germicidal irradiation (UVGI) systems can be difficult because the effects of dried respiratory droplets and other fomites on UV light intensities are poorly understood. Numerical modeling of UV intensities inside virus-containing particles on surfaces can increase understanding of these possible reductions in UV intensity. We model UV intensities within spherical approximations of virions randomly positioned within spherical particles. The model virions and dried particles have sizes and optical properties to approximate SARS-CoV-2 and dried particles formed from respiratory droplets, respectively. Wavelengths used are 260 nm (germicidal UVC) and 302 nm (solar UVB). In 5- and 9-um diameter particles on a surface, illuminated by 260-nm UV light from a direction perpendicular to the surface, 10% and 18% (respectively) of simulated virions are exposed to intensities less than 1/100th of intensities in individually exposed virions (i.e, they are partially shielded). Even for 302-nm light, where the absorption is small, 11% of virions in 9-um particles have exposures 1/100th those of individually exposed virions. Calculated results show that shielding of virions in a particle can be strongly reduced by illuminating a particle either from multiple widely separated incident directions, or by illuminating a particle rotating in air (because of turbulence, Brownian diffusion, etc.) for a time sufficient to rotate through all orientations with respect to the UV illumination. Because highly UV-reflective paints and surfaces can increase the angular ranges of illumination, they appear likely to be useful for reducing shielding of virions.

  🖺 Full Text HTML: Viruses such as SARS-CoV-2 can be partially shielded from UV radiation when in particles generated by sneezing or coughing: Numerical simulations
• Microbial context predicts SARS-CoV-2 prevalence in patients and the hospital built environment -

  Synergistic effects of bacteria on viral stability and transmission are widely documented but remain unclear in the context of SARS-CoV-2. We collected 972 samples from hospitalized ICU patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), their health care providers, and hospital surfaces before, during, and after admission. We screened for SARS-CoV-2 using RT-qPCR, characterized microbial communities using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing, and contextualized the massive microbial diversity in this dataset in a meta-analysis of over 20,000 samples. Sixteen percent of surfaces from COVID-19 patient rooms were positive, with the highest prevalence in floor samples next to patient beds (39%) and directly outside their rooms (29%). Although bed rail samples increasingly resembled the patient microbiome throughout their stay, SARS-CoV-2 was less frequently detected there (11%). Despite surface contamination in almost all patient rooms, no health care workers providing COVID-19 patient care contracted the disease. SARS-CoV-2 positive samples had higher bacterial phylogenetic diversity across human and surface samples, and higher biomass in floor samples. 16S microbial community profiles allowed for high classifier accuracy for SARS-CoV-2 status in not only nares, but also forehead, stool and floor samples. Across these distinct microbial profiles, a single amplicon sequence variant from the genus Rothia was highly predictive of SARS-CoV-2 across sample types, and had higher prevalence in positive surface and human samples, even when comparing to samples from patients in another intensive care unit prior to the COVID-19 pandemic. These results suggest that bacterial communities contribute to viral prevalence both in the host and hospital environment.

  🖺 Full Text HTML: Microbial context predicts SARS-CoV-2 prevalence in patients and the hospital built environment
• Association of HLA class I genotypes with age at death of COVID-19 patients -

  HLA class I molecules play a crucial role in the development of a specific immune response to viral infections by presenting viral peptides to cell surface where they will be further recognized by T cells. In the present manuscript we explored whether HLA class I genotype can be associated with critical course of COVID-19 by searching possible connections between genotypes of deceased patients and their age at death. HLA-A, HLA-B and HLA-C genotypes of n = 111 deceased patients with COVID-19 (Moscow, Russia) and n = 428 volunteers were identified with targeted next-generation sequencing. Deceased patients were splitted into two groups according to age at death: n = 26 adult patients with age at death below 60 completed years (inclusively) and n = 85 elderly patients over 60. With the use of HLA class I genotypes we developed a risk score which is associated with the ability to present SARS-CoV-2 peptides by an individual9s HLA class I molecule set. The resulting risk score was significantly higher in the group of deceased adults compared to elderly adults (p = 0.00348, AUC ROC = 0.68). In particular, presence of HLA-A01:01 allele was associated with high risk, while HLA-A02:01 and HLA-A03:01 mainly contributed to the low risk group. The analysis of homozygous patients highlighted the results even stronger: homozygosity by HLA-A01:01 mainly accompanied early deaths, while only one HLA-A*02:01 homozygote died before 60. The obtained results suggest the important role of HLA class I peptide presentation in the development of a specific immune response to COVID-19. While prediction of age at death by HLA class I genotype had a reliable performance, involvement of HLA class II genotype can make it even higher in the future studies.

  🖺 Full Text HTML: Association of HLA class I genotypes with age at death of COVID-19 patients

From Clinical Trials

• A Study Evaluating the Efficacy and Safety of CKD-314 in Hospitalized Adult Patients Diagnosed With COVID-19 Pneumonia - Condition:   COVID-19
  Intervention:   Drug: Nafamostat Mesilate
  Sponsor:   Chong Kun Dang Pharmaceutical
  Not yet recruiting

• Phase III Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Study of AZD7442 for Post- Exposure Prophylaxis of COVID-19 in Adults - Condition:   COVID-19
  Interventions:   Drug: AZD7442;   Drug: Placebo
  Sponsors:   AstraZeneca;   QuintilesIMS
  Not yet recruiting

• Phase III Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Study of AZD7442 for Pre-exposure Prophylaxis of COVID-19 in Adult. - Condition:   COVID-19
  Interventions:   Drug: AZD7442;   Drug: Placebo
  Sponsors:   AstraZeneca;   QuintilesIMS
  Not yet recruiting

• Effectiveness and Safety of Rhea Health Tone® as add-on Therapy for COVID-19 in Hospitalized Adults in Indonesia - Condition:   Covid19
  Intervention:   Dietary Supplement: Rhea Health Tone®
  Sponsors:   Universitas Padjadjaran;   PT. Rhea Pharmaceutical Sciences Indonesia;   Prodia Diacro Laboratories P.T.
  Not yet recruiting

• Intravenous Infusion of CAP-1002 in Patients With COVID-19 - Condition:   Covid19
  Interventions:   Biological: CAP-1002;   Biological: Placebo
  Sponsor:   Capricor Inc.
  Recruiting

• Clarithromycin Versus Azithromycin in Treatment of Mild COVID-19 Infection - Condition:   Covid19
  Interventions:   Drug: Clarithromycin 500mg;   Drug: Azithromycin;   Drug: Placebo
  Sponsor:   South Valley University
  Completed

• Efficacy of Probiotics in Reducing Duration and Symptoms of COVID-19 - Condition:   COVID-19
  Interventions:   Dietary Supplement: Probiotics (2 strains 10x10^9 UFC);   Dietary Supplement: Placebo (potato starch and magnesium stearate)
  Sponsors:   Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke;   Lallemand Health Solutions
  Not yet recruiting

• Fase I Clinical Trial on NK Cells for COVID-19 - Conditions:   Covid19;   Sars-cov 2
  Intervention:   Biological: Natural Killer Cells infusion
  Sponsor:   Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre
  Not yet recruiting

• A Phase Ⅱ Clinical Trial of Recombinant Corona Virus Disease-19 (COVID-19) Vaccine (Sf9 Cells) - Condition:   COVID-19
  Interventions:   Biological: Low-dose Recombinant COVID-19 vaccine (Sf9 cells) (18-59 years) & Two dose regimen;   Biological: Low-dose Recombinant COVID-19 vaccine (Sf9 cells) (18-59 years) & Three dose regimen;   Biological: High-dose Recombinant COVID-19 vaccine (Sf9 cells) (18-59 years) & Two dose regimen;   Biological: High-dose Recombinant COVID-19 vaccine (Sf9 cells) (18-59 years) & Three dose regimen;   Biological: Low-dose Recombinant COVID-19 vaccine (Sf9 cells) (60-85 years) & Two dose regimen;   Biological: Low-dose Recombinant COVID-19 vaccine (Sf9 cells) (60-85 years) & Three dose regimen;   Biological: High-dose Recombinant COVID-19 vaccine (Sf9 cells) (60-85 years) & Two dose regimen;   Biological: High-dose Recombinant COVID-19 vaccine (Sf9 cells) (60-85 years) & Three dose regimen;   Biological: Low-dose placebo (18-59 years) & Two dose regimen;   Biological: Low-dose placebo (18-59 years) & Three dose regimen;   Biological: High-dose placebo (18-59 years) & Two dose regimen;   Biological: High-dose placebo (18-59 years) & Three dose regimen;   Biological: Low-dose placebo (60-85 years) & Two dose regimen;   Biological: Low-dose placebo (60-85 years) & Three dose regimen;   Biological: High-dose placebo (60-85 years) & Two dose regimen;   Biological: High-dose placebo (60-85 years) & Three dose regimen
  Sponsors:   Jiangsu Province Centers for Disease Control and Prevention;   West China Hospital
  Recruiting

• Adaptive COVID-19 Treatment Trial 4 (ACTT-4) - Condition:   COVID-19
  Interventions:   Drug: Baricitinib;   Drug: Dexamethasone;   Other: Placebo;   Drug: Remdesivir
  Sponsor:   National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
  Not yet recruiting

• Prevention With Chloroquine in Health Personnel Exposed to Infection With Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) (TS-COVID) - Condition:   Covid19
  Intervention:   Drug: Chloroquine
  Sponsor:   Fundacion Clinica Valle del Lili
  Active, not recruiting

• Vitamin D and Zinc Supplementation for Improving Treatment Outcomes Among COVID-19 Patients in India - Condition:   COVID-19
  Interventions:   Dietary Supplement: Vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol);   Dietary Supplement: Zinc (zinc gluconate);   Dietary Supplement: Zinc (zinc gluconate) & Vitamin D (cholecalciferol);   Other: Placebo
  Sponsors:   Harvard School of Public Health;   Foundation for Medical Research;   University Health Network, Toronto
  Not yet recruiting

• Organization of Pulmonary Rehabilitation of Post-COVID-19 Patient With Sequelae (REHABCOVID) - Condition:   Covid19
  Interventions:   Other: Respiratory rehabilitation program (RR).;   Other: Respiratory tele-rehabilitation program (TRR).
  Sponsor:   Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal de Toulon La Seyne sur Mer
  Not yet recruiting

• Inhaled Heparin for Hospitalised COVID-19 Patients - Condition:   Covid19
  Intervention:   Drug: Unfractionated heparin
  Sponsors:   Australian National University;   Helwan University;   Clinica San Camilo, Argentina
  Recruiting

• Effect of Vitamin D on Hospitalized Adults With COVID-19 Infection - Condition:   Covid19
  Interventions:   Drug: Cholecalciferol;   Other: Placebo
  Sponsors:   University of Liege;   Laboratoires SMB S.A.
  Recruiting

From PubMed

• Repurposing Fostamatinib to Combat SARS-CoV-2-Induced Acute Lung Injury - A screen by Kost-Alimova et al.¹ suggests that the FDA-approved SYK inhibitor fostamatinib inhibits MUC1 in the respiratory tract and has the potential to treat serious outcomes of coronavirus COVID-19, including acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and acute lung injury (ALI).

• Molecular Interaction Analysis of Sulawesi Propolis Compounds with SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease as Preliminary Study for COVID-19 Drug Discovery - Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a respiratory disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is a global health concern, as the World Health Organization declared this outbreak to be a global pandemic in March 2020. The need for an effective treatment is urgent because the development of an effective vaccine may take years given the complexity of the virus and its rapid mutation. One promising treatment target for COVID-19 is SARS-CoV-2 main protease. Thus,…

• To Have or Not to Have Sex? COVID-19 and Sexual Activity Among Chinese-Speaking Gay and Bisexual Men in Hong Kong - CONCLUSION: Sexual desire and COVID-19-related barriers serve as driving and inhibiting factors in explaining whether or not people have sex during the COVID-19 pandemic. Suen YT, Chan RCH, Wong EMY. To Have or Not to Have Sex? COVID-19 and Sexual Activity Among Chinese-Speaking Gay and Bisexual Men in Hong Kong. J Sex Med 2020;XX:XXX-XXX.

• Resveratrol inhibits the replication of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in cultured Vero cells - No abstract

• In search of preventative strategies: novel high-CBD cannabis sativa extracts modulate ACE2 expression in COVID-19 gateway tissues - With the current COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), there is an urgent need for new therapies and prevention strategies that can help curtail disease spread and reduce mortality. The inhibition of viral entry and thus spread is a plausible therapeutic avenue. SARS-CoV-2 uses receptor-mediated entry into a human host via the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), which is expressed in lung tissue as well as the oral and nasal mucosa,…

• HTCC as a Polymeric Inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 and MERS-CoV - Among seven coronaviruses that infect humans, three (SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and the newly identified SARS-CoV-2) are associated with a severe, life-threatening respiratory infection and multiorgan failure. We previously proposed that the cationically modified chitosan, N-(2-hydroxypropyl)-3-trimethylammonium chitosan chloride (HTCC) is a potent inhibitor of HCoV-NL63. Next, we demonstrated the broad-spectrum antiviral activity of the compound, as it inhibited all low pathogenic human coronaviruses…

• Target-Centered Drug Repurposing Predictions of Human Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) and Transmembrane Protease Serine Subtype 2 (TMPRSS2) Interacting Approved Drugs for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Treatment through a Drug-Target Interaction Deep Learning Model - Previously, our group predicted commercially available Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved drugs that can inhibit each step of the replication of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) using a deep learning-based drug-target interaction model called Molecule Transformer-Drug Target Interaction (MT-DTI). Unfortunately, additional clinically significant treatment options since the approval of remdesivir are scarce. To overcome the current coronavirus disease 2019…

• Evaluation of acridinedione analogs as potential SARS-CoV-2 main protease inhibitors and their comparison with repurposed anti-viral drugs - CONCLUSION: The DSPD-2, DSPD-6, and DSPD-5 could be developed as potential inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2. Moreover, we suggest that targeting molecules to bind effectively to the S1 subsite could potentially increase the binding of molecules to the SARS-CoV-2 Mpro.

• Genetically proxied interleukin-6 receptor inhibition: opposing associations with COVID-19 and pneumonia - No abstract

• Zilucoplan in patients with acute hypoxic respiratory failure due to COVID-19 (ZILU-COV): A structured summary of a study protocol for a randomised controlled trial - OBJECTIVES: Zilucoplan (complement C5 inhibitor) has profound effects on inhibiting acute lung injury post COVID-19, and can promote lung repair mechanisms that lead to improvement in lung oxygenation parameters. The purpose of this study is to investigate the efficacy and safety of Zilucoplan in improving oxygenation and short- and long-term outcome of COVID-19 patients with acute hypoxic respiratory failure.

• Natural Products: A Rich Source of Antiviral Drug Lead Candidates for the Management of COVID-19 - Today, the world is suffering from the pandemic of a novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19), a respiratory illness caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). This pandemic is the third fatal coronavirus outbreak that has already occurred in the 21st century. Even six months after its emergence, hundreds of thousands of people are still being infected with SARS-CoV-2, and thousands of lives are lost every day across the world. No effective therapy has been approved to…

• An updated and comprehensive review of the antiviral potential of essential oils and their chemical constituents with special focus on their mechanism of action against various influenza and coronaviruses - Essential oils and their chemical constituents have been reported with well documented antimicrobial effects against a range of bacterial, fungal and viral pathogens. By definition, essential oils are a complex mixture of volatile organic compounds which are synthesized naturally in different parts of the plant as part of plants secondary metabolism. The chemical composition of the essential oils is dominated by the presence of a range of compounds including phenolics, terpenoids, aldehydes,…

• Pharmacological therapies against COVID-19 : state of the art, between hopes and disappointments - The COVID-19 outbreak has raised numerous attempts of diverse pharmacological interventions to improve the prognosis of the infection, especially among hospitalized patients due to an acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Initially, these interventions used known medications capable to directly target SARS-CoV-2 by investigating several antiviral therapies already applied with some success in other viral infections. Among them remdesivir appears to be the most promising drug against…

• Direct inhibitory effect on viral entry of influenza A and SARS-CoV-2 viruses by azithromycin - CONCLUSIONS: Overall, our findings demonstrate that AZ can exert broad-spectrum antiviral effects against IAV and SARS-CoV-2, and could be served as a potential clinical anti-SARS-CoV-2 drug in emergency as well as a promising lead compound for the development of next-generation anti-IAV drugs.

• Potential inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2: Recent advances - Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) appeared in 2019 and is the causative agent of the new pandemic viral disease COVID-19. The outbreak of COVID-19 infection is affecting the entire world, thus many researchers and scientists are desperately looking for suitable vaccines and treatment options. Indeed, researches to find potential inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 are mainly focused on targeting virus-host interactions or inhibiting viral assembly. Additionally, drugs and other…

From Patent Search

• AN EFFICIENT METHODOLOGY TO MANAGE THE ADMISSIONS IN HOSPITALS DURING THE PANDEMICS SUCH AS COVID 19 -

• SARS-CoV-2 예방을 위한 mRNA기반 항원보강제 혼합물 합성 방법 - 본 발명은 SARS-CoV-2(코로나 바이러스) 예방을 위한 mRNA 항원보강제에 관한 것으로 코로나 바이러스에 대한 백신으로서 상기의 항원에 대한 예방을 목적으로 하고 있다. 아이디어에는 보강제에 해당하는 완전프로인트항원보강제(CFA)와 불완전프로인트항원보강제(IFA), 번역과 안정성의 최적화가 된 mRNA, mRNA 운반체, 양이온성 지질 나노입자(lipid nanoparticles)로 구성되며 기존의 백신에 비해 효율성과 안정성의 측면에서 더 향상된 효과를 가지고 있다.

• Vorrichtung zum Reinigen und/oder Desinfizieren von Objekten -

  Vorrichtung (1) zum Desinfizieren von Objekten mit einer Basiseinheit (2), mit einem Aufnahmebehälter (4) für Wasser, welcher an der Basiseinheit (2) montierbar und von der Basiseinheit demontierbar ist, mit einer Objekthalterung (6) zum Halten und/oder Stützen der Objekte (10), wobei diese Objekthalterung (6) in dem Aufnahmebehälter montierbar ist und mit einer elektrisch betriebenen Reinigungseinrichtung (8), welche in dem Wasser befindliche Objekte zumindest mittelbar reinigt oder desinfiziert, wobei diese Reinigungseinrichtung in der Basiseinheit befindliche Erzeugungsmittel zum Erzeugen einer elektrischen Spannung aufweist sowie einen Plasmagenerator und/oder eine Ultraschallerzeugungseinheit.

• Methods for treating Arenaviridae and Coronaviridae virus infections - Provided are methods for treating Arenaviridae and Coronaviridae virus infections by administering nucleosides and prodrugs thereof, of Formula I:

wherein the ’ position of the nucleoside sugar is substituted. The compounds, compositions, and methods provided are particularly useful for the treatment of Lassa virus and Junin virus infections.

• Atemschutz-Baukastensystem -

  Atemschutz-Baukastensystem, das aufweist:

• eine auf zumindest Mund und Nase einer Person aufsetzbare Maske (1), die einen Eingang (11) und einen Ausgang (12) aufweist, und
• mindestens einen Schlauch (3, 31, 32),
• wobei sämtliche Komponenten des Atemschutz-Baukastensystems modular ausgebildet und über Steckverbindungen oder Schraubverbindungen (115, 125, 155, 165, 175, 215, 315, 75, 915) miteinander verbindbar sind, um der Maske (1) Luft über deren Eingang (11) zuzuführen und/oder ausgeatmete Luft vom Ausgang (12) der Maske (1) wegzuführen.

• Vorrichtung zur Übergabe und Dekontamination von mit Krankheitserregern kontaminierten Gegenständen oder Erzeugnissen -

  Vorrichtung zur Übergabe von mit Krankheitserregern kontaminierten Gegenständen oder Erzeugnissen nach einer Dekontamination, umfassend eine Einrichtung zur Dekontamination der mit Krankheitserregern kontaminierten Gegenstände oder Erzeugnisse mit mindestens einer UV-Strahlungsquelle (24), eine Durchzugseinrichtung mit Ein- und/oder Ausgabebereichen für die kontaminierten bzw. dekontaminierten Gegenstände oder Erzeugnisse, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Durchzugseinrichtung im Eingang bzw. im Ausgang zum Ein- und/oder Ausgabebereich angeordnete sich paarweise gegenüberliegende Walzen (17) und Räder (4) umfasst, die zum Einzug bzw. zur Ausgabe der kontaminierten bzw. dekontaminierten Gegenstände oder Erzeugnisse vorgesehen sind, wobei die Walzen (17) und die Räder (4) durch im Ein- und/oder Ausgabebereich angeordnete Sensoren (23) und einer elektronische Kontrolleinheit (27) in Bewegung bringbar sind, wobei die Gegenstände oder Erzeugnisse in den Bereich der Einrichtung zur Dekontamination förderbar sind, der zwischen den paarweise angeordneten Walzen (17) und Rädern (4) vorgesehen ist, welcher sich gegenüberliegende Platten (25) aus Quarzglas oder einem UV-transparenten Polymermaterial, wie Graphen oder Kunstglas umfasst, über bzw. unter welchen die UV-Strahlungsquelle (24) angeordnet ist, welche als UVC-LED-Leiste und/oder Modul mit mindestens einer LED-Lampe ausgebildet ist.

• 제2형 중증급성호흡기증후군 코로나바이러스 감염 질환의 예방 또는 치료용 조성물 - 본 발명은 화학식 1로 표시되는 화합물, 또는 이의 약학적으로 허용가능한 염을 유효성분으로 포함하는 제2형 중증급성호흡기증후군 코로나바이러스 감염 질환 예방 또는 치료용 약학적 조성물을 제공한다. [화학식 1] .

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• 新型冠状病毒中和性抗体滴度检测ELISA试剂盒 - 本发明提供一种新型冠状病毒中和性抗体滴度检测ELISA试剂盒，其中包括：包被有生物素‑链霉亲和素标记的人ACE2蛋白的酶标板、辣根过氧化酶标记的新型冠状病毒RBD蛋白、新型冠状病毒中和性抗体阳性对照、包被液、洗涤液、稀释液、封闭液、显色液和终止液等。该试剂盒具有成本低，操作简单，高灵敏度、高特异性、高准确度的特点，可用于新型冠状病毒中和抗体的批量、快速检测。

• Reagenzien und Verwendungen zur Diagnose einer SARS-CoV-2-Infektion -

  Diagnostisch nützlicher Träger umfassend ein Polypeptid umfassend SEQ ID NO1 oder eine Variante davon, die an einen Antikörper gegen SEQ ID NO1 aus einer Probe von einem Patienten binden kann, der an einer SARS-CoV-2-Infektion leidet, wobei das Polypeptid bevorzugt auf der Festphase des Trägers immobilisiert ist.

• Reagenzien und Verwendungen zur Diagnose einer SARS-CoV-2-Infektion -

  Verwendung eines Polypeptides umfassend SEQ ID NO1 oder eine Variante davon, die an einen Antikörper gegen SED ID NO1 aus einer Probe von einem Patienten binden kann, zur Herstellung eines diagnostischen Kits.