Objectives Vaccination remains the most effective response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Most vaccines use two-dose regimens. In turn, single-dose vaccines also have high potential, since, on the one hand, they simplify the vaccination program, make it more accessible and convenient for more people around the world, and on the other hand, they are better suited for subsequent revaccination. However, there is not enough data on the effectiveness of single-dose vaccine variants against new genetic lines to assess their current potential. It is not clear how much a single dose of immunization protects against the globally dominant delta variant. In this work, we investigated the effectiveness of a single dose vaccine (Sputnik Light, the first component of Sputnik V vaccine) against the Delta variant in Moscow. Methods To assess the effectiveness of one dose of viral vector vaccine based on rAd26 against the delta variant in Moscow, we used data from the Moscow registries of vaccination against COVID-19 and the incidence of COVID-19. The availability of data on the number of seropositive residents of Moscow made it possible to consider the size of the immune layer formed because of a previous COVID-19 disease or vaccination. To calculate the effectiveness, the proportion of COVID-19 cases among those vaccinated with a single dose and the proportion of cases among those who were not vaccinated in July 2021. Results Our data indicate that throughout July 2021, the dominant variant of the coronavirus at the level of 99.5% in Moscow was the SARS-CoV-2 delta variant and its subsidiary lines. Considering the immune layer of 46% allowed us to calculate the effectiveness of a one-shot vaccine against the delta variant in Moscow during the first three months after vaccination at the level of 69.85% (95% confidence interval [CI], 64.08 to 74.70). In the 18-29-year-old group, the overall vaccine efficacy against the delta variant was 88.61%, in the 18-59 group - 75.28%. Sputnik Light demonstrates higher efficacy against Delta variant than many two-shot vaccines. Conclusion The results indicate a high efficacy of a single immunization first component of Sputnik V vaccine against delta variant among young and middle-aged people (86.2% and 75.28%, respectively), at least during the first 3 months after receiving the one-shot vaccine.
Purpose: Long COVID syndrome is now a real and pressing public health concern. We cannot reliably predict who will recover quickly or suffer with mild debilitating long COVID 19 symptoms or battle life threatening complications. In order to address some of these questions, we studied the presence of symptoms and various correlates in COVID 19 patients who were discharged from hospital, 3 months and up to 12 months after acute COVID 19 illness. Methods: This is an observational follow up study of RT PCR confirmed COVID 19 patients admitted at 3 hospitals in north India between April August 2020. Patients were interviewed telephonically using a questionnaire regarding the post COVID symptoms. The first tele calling was done in the month of September 2020, which corresponded to 4 to 16 weeks after disease onset. All those who reported presence of long COVID symptoms, were followed up with a second call, in the month of March 2021, corresponding to around 9 to 12 months after the onset of disease. Results: Of 990 patients who responded to the first call, 615 (62.2%) had mild illness, 227 (22.9%) had moderate and 148 (15.0%) had severe COVID 19 illness at the time of admission. Nearly 40% (399) of these 990 patients reported at least one symptom at that time. Of these 399 long COVID patients, 311 (almost 78%) responded to the second follow up. Nearly 8% reported ongoing symptomatic COVID, lasting 1 to 3 months and 32% patients having post COVID phase with symptoms lasting 3 to 12 months. Nearly 11% patients continued to have at least one symptom even at the time of the second interview (9 to 12 months after the disease onset). Overall, we observed Long COVID in almost 40% of our study group. Incidence of the symptoms in both the follow ups remained almost same across age groups, gender, severity of illness at admission and presence of comorbidity, with no significant association with any of them. Most common symptoms experienced in long COVID phase in our cohort were fatigue, myalgia, neuro psychiatric symptoms like depression, anxiety, brain fog and sleep disorder, and breathlessness. Fatigue was found to be significantly more often reported in the elderly population and in those patients who had a severe COVID 19 illness at the time of admission. Persistence of breathlessness was also reported significantly more often in those who had severe disease at the onset. The overall median duration of long COVID symptoms was 16.9 weeks with inter quartile range of 12.4 to 35.6 weeks. The duration of symptom resolution was not associated with age, gender or comorbidity but was significantly associated with severity of illness at the time of admission (P=0.006). Conclusions: Long COVID is now being recognized as a new disease entity, which includes a constellation of symptoms. Long COVID was in almost 40% of our study group with no correlation to age, gender, comorbidities or to the disease severity. The duration of symptom resolution was significantly associated with severity of illness at the time of admission (P = 0.006). In our study, all patients reported minor symptoms such as fatigue, myalgia, neuro psychiatric symptoms like depression, anxiety, brain fog and sleep disorder and persistence of breathlessness. Severe organ damage was not reported by our subjects. This might be the longest post COVID follow up study on a sample of nearly 1000 cases from India.
The rapid spread of SARS-CoV-2 continues to impact humanity on a global scale with rising total morbidity and mortality. Despite the development of several effective vaccines, new products are needed to supply ongoing demand and the needs of specific populations. We report herein a pre-specified interim analysis of the phase 2 portion of an ongoing Phase 2/3, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of a coronavirus virus-like particle (CoVLP) vaccine candidate produced in plants that displays the SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein adjuvanted with AS03 (NCT04636697). A total of 753 subjects were recruited between 25 November 2020 and 24 March 2021 into three groups: Healthy Adults (18-64 years: N=306), Older Adults (≥65 years: N=282) and Adults with Comorbidities (≥18 years: N=165) and randomized 5:1 to receive two intramuscular doses of either vaccine CoVLP (3.75 μg/dose + AS03) or placebo 21 days apart. This report presents safety, tolerability and immunogenicity data collected up to 21 days after the second dose. The immune outcomes presented include neutralizing antibody (NAb) titres and cellular (γ and IL-4 ELISpot) responses. In this study, CoVLP+AS03 was well-tolerated and adverse events (AE) after each dose were generally mild to moderate and transient. Solicited AEs in Older Adults and Adults with Comorbidities were generally less frequent than in Healthy Adults. CoVLP+AS03 induced seroconversion in >35% of subjects in each group after the first dose and in ~98% of subjects 21 days after the second dose. In all treatment groups, NAb levels were ~10-fold higher than those in a panel of convalescent sera. A significant minority (~20%) of subjects had evidence of a pre-existing IFN-γ response to the S protein and almost all subjects in all groups (>88%) had detectable cellular responses (IFN-γ, IL-4 or both) at 21 days after the second dose. A Th1-biased response was most evident after the first dose and was still present after dose two. These data demonstrated that CoVLP+AS03 will likely be well-tolerated and highly immunogenic in adults ≥18 years of age with and without comorbidities.
Background Approval of novel vaccines for COVID-19 had brought hope and expectations, but not without additional challenges. One central challenge was understanding how to appropriately prioritize the use of limited supply of vaccines. This study examined the efficacy of the various vaccine prioritization strategies using the vaccination campaign underway in the U.S. Methods The study developed a granular agent-based simulation model for mimicking community spread of COVID-19 under various social interventions including full and partial closures, isolation and quarantine, use of face mask and contact tracing, and vaccination. The model was populated with parameters of disease natural history, as well as demographic and societal data for an urban community in the U.S. with 2.8 million residents. The model tracks daily numbers of infected, hospitalized, and deaths for all census age-groups. The model was calibrated using parameters for viral transmission and level of community circulation of individuals. Published data from the Florida COVID-19 dashboard was used to validate the model. Vaccination strategies were compared using a hypothesis test for pairwise comparisons. Results Three prioritization strategies were examined: a minor variant of CDC9s recommendation, an age-stratified strategy, and a random strategy. The impact of vaccination was also contrasted with a no vaccination scenario. The study showed that the campaign against COVID-19 in the U.S. using vaccines developed by Pfizer/BioNTech and Moderna 1) reduced the cumulative number of infections by 10% and 2) helped the pandemic to subside below a small threshold of 100 daily new reported cases sooner by approximately a month when compared to no vaccination. A comparison of the prioritization strategies showed no significant difference in their impacts on pandemic mitigation. Conclusions Even though vaccines for COVID-19 were developed and approved much quicker than ever before, their impact on pandemic mitigation was small as the explosive spread of the virus had already infected a significant portion of the population, thus reducing the susceptible pool. A notable observation from the study is that instead of adhering strictly to a sequential prioritizing strategy, focus should perhaps be on distributing the vaccines among all eligible as quickly as possible, after providing for the most vulnerable. As much of the population worldwide is yet to be vaccinated, results from this study should aid public health decision makers in effectively allocating their limited vaccine supplies.
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and mitigation measures based on social distancing are expected to have serious adverse effects on mental health. This cross-sectional study aimed to examine self-reported changes in the mental health status of Greek adults. The current study is a primary research conducted on Greek adults during the first wave of the epidemic (March to April 2020). A total of 527 individuals participated in an online survey using a validated questionnaire (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory-STAI and DASS-21). Results: The respondents had a moderate mental health status based on the following scores: STAI-S, 45.8; STAI-T, 40.7; depression, 4.6; anxiety, 3.1; and stress, 6.1. Women, younger respondents, those from lower income households, and those living in smaller apartments experienced increased depression, anxiety, and stress. Additionally, infection control practices during the COVID-19 pandemic such as the use of masks, gloves, and antiseptic can drastically decrease the prevalence of mental health illnesses. These findings can be used by the Greek State to reduce the effects of COVID-19 on the mental health of the population and protect socially vulnerable groups.
With the advent of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic, several vaccines have been developed to mitigate its spread and prevent adverse consequences of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). The mRNA technology is an unprecedented vaccine, usually given in two doses to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infections. Despite effectiveness and safety, inter-individual immune response heterogeneity has been observed in recipients of mRNA-based vaccines. As a novel disease, the specific immune response mechanism responsible for warding off COVID-19 remains unclear at this point. However, significant evidence suggests that humoral response plays a crucial role in affording immunoprotection and preventing debilitating sequelae from COVID-19. As such this paper focused on the possible effects of age, sex, serostatus, and comorbidities on humoral response (i.e., total antibodies, IgG and/or IgA) of different populations post-mRNA-based Pfizer-BioNTech vaccination. A systematic search of literature was performed through PubMed, Cochrane CENTRAL, and Google Scholar. Studies were included if they reported humoral response to COVID-19 mRNA vaccines. A total of 32 studies was identified and reviewed, and the percent difference of means of reported antibody levels were calculated for comparison. Findings revealed that older individuals, the male sex, seronegativity, and those with more comorbidities mounted less humoral immune response. Given these findings, several recommendations were proposed regarding the current vaccination practices. These include giving additional doses of vaccination for immunocompromised and elderly populations. Another recommendation is conducting clinical trials in giving a combined scheme of mRNA vaccines, protein vaccines, and vector-based vaccines.
Background: Managing high levels of severe COVID-19 in the acute setting can impact upon the quality of care provided to both affected patients and those requiring other hospital services. Mass vaccination has offered a route to reduce societal restrictions while protecting hospitals from being overwhelmed. Yet, early in the mass vaccination effort, the possible effect on future bed pressures remained subject to considerable uncertainty. This paper provides an account of how, in one healthcare system, operational decision-making and bed planning was supported through modelling the effect of a range of vaccination scenarios on future COVID-19 admissions. Methods: An epidemiological model of the Susceptible-Exposed-Infectious-Recovered (SEIR) type was fitted to local data for the one-million resident healthcare system located in South West England. Model parameters and vaccination scenarios were calibrated through a system-wide multi-disciplinary working group, comprising public health intelligence specialists, healthcare planners, epidemiologists, and academics. From 4 March 2021 (the time of the study), scenarios assumed incremental relaxations to societal restrictions according to the envisaged UK Government timeline, with all restrictions to be removed by 21 June
Background: It is hypothesized that different levels of hormones especially serum testosterone level could explain the sex differences between men and women on the susceptibility and case fatality rate of COVID-19. However, traditional observational studies that support this hypothesis could not effectively establish the causal effects. Objective: Utilizing recently published genome-wide associations studies (GWAS) on serum Testosterone level and on COVID-19 related phenotypes, we sought to assess the causality through Mendelian Randomization (MR) analyses. We further applied a suite of statistical genomics methods to further explore the biological mechanisms. Results: We found that testosterone level is significantly associated with Covid-19 critical illness. All six MR methods yielded significant associations. There is no significant association between Testosterone and COVID-19 respiratory failure or COVID-19 susceptibility. Conclusion: Based on the GWAS currently available, we provide support for a causal role of Testosterone on COVID-19 critical illness. Nevertheless, we recognize that the COVID-19 susceptibility GWAS effort is still ongoing and there is no such strong locus as CCR5 for HIV discovered for COVID-19.
Background: While Coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) vaccines are highly effective, breakthrough infections are occurring. Booster vaccinations have recently received emergency use authorization (EUA) for certain populations but are restricted to homologous mRNA vaccines. We evaluated homologous and heterologous booster vaccination in persons who had received an EUA Covid-19 vaccine regimen. Methods: In this phase 1/2 open-label clinical trial conducted at ten U.S. sites, adults who received one of three EUA Covid-19 vaccines at least 12 weeks prior to enrollment and had no reported history of SARS-CoV-2 infection received a booster injection with one of three vaccines (Moderna mRNA-1273 100-mcg, Janssen Ad26.COV2.S 5x1010 virus particles, or Pfizer-BioNTech BNT162b2 30-mcg; nine combinations). The primary outcomes were safety, reactogenicity, and humoral immunogenicity on study days 15 and 29. Results: 458 individuals were enrolled: 154 received mRNA-1273, 150 received Ad26.CoV2.S, and 154 received BNT162b2 booster vaccines. Reactogenicity was similar to that reported for the primary series. Injection site pain, malaise, headache, and myalgia occurred in more than half the participants. Booster vaccines increased the neutralizing activity against a D614G pseudovirus (4.2-76-fold) and binding antibody titers (4.6-56-fold) for all combinations; homologous boost increased neutralizing antibody titers 4.2-20-fold whereas heterologous boost increased titers 6.2-76-fold. Day 15 neutralizing and binding antibody titers varied by 28.7-fold and 20.9-fold, respectively, across the nine prime-boost combinations. Conclusion: Homologous and heterologous booster vaccinations were well-tolerated and immunogenic in adults who completed a primary Covid-19 vaccine regimen at least 12 weeks earlier.
Background: Vaccination is an important tool in the fight against pandemics. However, the associated adverse events (AEs) may negatively impact the public perception of vaccines, therefore leading to decreased vaccination willingness. Interestingly, pharmacovigilance data of the three COVID-19 vaccines with a two-dose schedule approved in the EU (AstraZeneca, BioNTech and Moderna) already revealed country-specific differences in their safety profile early on (as of February 2021), at a time when the accumulated occurrence of specific AEs was not yet known. In the safety outcome assessment presented here, we aimed to establish whether these country-specific differences in pharmacovigilance data could be explained by differences in the frequency of AEs as reported in the respective approval studies of each vaccine. Methods: A systematic search was performed to identify all publications regarding the randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of two-dose vaccines approved in the EU (AstraZeneca, BioNTech and Moderna), including regulatory reports and journal articles. All obtained safety data was manually entered into an SQL database. In order to enable the comparability among the data, the solicited AEs for all vaccines (i.e. those AEs actively sought after vaccination) were investigated. The data was standardized to promote comparability and overcome data heterogeneity and complexity. Findings: Twelve documents regarding the RCTs for the three COVID-19 vaccines with a two-dose schedule approved in the EU (AstraZeneca, BioNTech and Moderna) were included in the safety outcome analysis. The entire safety data compiled in the SQL database amounted to 66 different study arms. The data structure revealed 13 different age thresholds or ranges and three different data sets regarding doses (first dose vs. second dose vs. all doses). After standardization and identification of subgroups, the analyses demonstrated that the highest rates of AEs occur after the first dose with the AstraZeneca vaccine, whereas with Moderna and BioNTech most AEs occur after the second dose. Astonishingly, the absolute frequencies of each AE after the first AstraZeneca dose correspond to those of the second dose of the mRNA vaccines (BioNTech and Moderna). Reversely, the absolute frequencies of the same AEs after the second AstraZeneca dose correspond to those of the first dose with the mRNA vaccines. The most common AEs with any vaccine were fatigue, headache and myalgia. Moreover, middle-aged subjects (18 to 55 years) had more side effects than older individuals (> 55 years), an observation that persisted among vaccines. Interpretation: This is the first indirect comparison of these vaccines that uses all available RCT data. The absolute frequency of each AE is similar between the first AstraZeneca dose and the second dose of BioNTech or Moderna; their occurrence was thus independent of platform (vector or mRNA) or the vaccine itself. This assessment demonstrates that the varying frequencies of AEs reported in early pharmacovigilance data for the vaccines in distinct countries, at a time when the accumulated occurrence of specific AEs with certain vaccines was not yet known, cannot be explained by different frequencies being reported in the respective RCTs. Conclusion: The approach presented here could help to objectify future discussions on vaccine preferences. Therefore, it may serve as basis for future public awareness campaigns and may also allow the comparison of vaccine performance in different subgroups (e.g. virus variants, high-risk patients). This approach may also be applied to a broad range of other challenges across the R&D process and various disease categories.
Randomized Study to Evaluate Intranasal Dose of STI-2099 (COVI-DROPS™) in Outpatient Adults With Mild COVID-19 Infection - Condition: COVID-19
Interventions: Biological: COVI-DROPS; Drug: Placebo
Sponsor: Sorrento Therapeutics, Inc.
Not yet recruiting
Evaluating Safety, Tolerability, and Potential Efficacy of Intranasal AD17002 in Adults With Mild COVID-19 - Condition: Covid19
Interventions: Biological: AD17002; Biological: Placebo (Formulation buffer)
Sponsor: Advagene Biopharma Co. Ltd.
Not yet recruiting
Lymphatic Osteopathic Manipulative Medicine to Enhance Coronavirus (COVID-19) Vaccination Efficacy - Condition: COVID-19
Interventions: Other: Lymphatic OMM; Other: Light Touch
Sponsor: Rowan University
Not yet recruiting
Safety and Immunogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 Protein Subunit Recombinant Vaccine - Condition: Covid19
Interventions: Biological: SARS-CoV-2 Protein Subunit Recombinant Vaccine; Biological: SARS-CoV-2 Inactivated Vaccine
Sponsors: PT Bio Farma; Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia; National Institute of Health Research and Development, Ministry of Health Republic of Indonesia
Not yet recruiting
A Ph 2 Trial With an Oral Tableted COVID-19 Vaccine - Condition: COVID-19
Interventions: Drug: VXA-CoV2-1.1-S; Other: Placebo Tablets
Sponsor: Vaxart
Recruiting
Pulmonary Function in Patients Recovering From COVID19 Infection : a Pilot Study - Condition: COVID-19
Intervention: Diagnostic Test: diaphragm ultrasonography
Sponsor: University Hospital, Limoges
Not yet recruiting
RCT on the Efficacy of Dexamethasone Versus Methyl Prednisolone in Covid-19 Infected Patients With High Oxygen Flow - Condition: COVID-19 Pandemic
Interventions: Drug: Dexamethasone; Drug: Methylprednisolone
Sponsor: Cairo University
Recruiting
A Safety and Tolerability Study of BDB-001 in Mild, Moderate COVID-19 Patients - Condition: COVID-19
Intervention: Drug: BDB-001 injection
Sponsors:
Staidson (Beijing) Biopharmaceuticals Co., Ltd; Beijing Defengrui Biotechnology Co. Ltd
Completed
Acetylsalicylic Acid in COVID-19 (ASA-SARS) - Conditions: SARS-CoV2 Infection; Covid19
Interventions: Drug: Low-dose acetylsalicylic acid; Drug: Placebo
Sponsors: Barcelona Institute for Global Health; Hospital Universitario de Torrejón,Madrid; Hospital Universitario Infanta Leonor; Fundació Institut de Recerca de l’Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau; Hospital del Mar; Hopsital Central de Maputo, Mozambique
Not yet recruiting
Telerehabilitation in COVID-19 Survivors - Conditions: COVID-19; Telerehabilitation
Interventions: Other: telerehabilitation; Other: home exercise program; Other: informed program
Sponsor: Bandırma Onyedi Eylül University
Recruiting
Clinical Trial on Sequential Immunization of Recombinant COVID-19 Vaccine (CHO Cells,NVSI-06-08) and Inactivated COVID-19 Vaccine (Vero Cells) in Population Aged 18 Years and Above - Conditions: COVID-19 Pneumonia; Coronavirus Infections
Interventions: Biological: Recombinant COVID-19 Vaccine (CHO cell，NVSI-06-08); Biological: COVID-19 vaccine (Vero cells); Biological: 3 doses Recombinant COVID-19 Vaccine (CHO cell，NVSI-06-08)
Sponsors: National Vaccine and Serum Institute, China; China National Biotec Group Company Limited; Lanzhou Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd
Not yet recruiting
SARS-CoV-2 Buccal Screening Evaluation Using an RT-PCR Assay and a Rapid ELISA Test Among Symptomatic and Asymptomatic Patients - Conditions: SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19
Intervention: Diagnostic Test: ELISA POCT vs RT-PCR
Sponsors: Centre Scientifique de Monaco; Department of Health Affairs, Monaco
Recruiting
Study on COVID-19 Vaccine Effectiveness Among Health Workers in Azerbaijan - Conditions: Vaccine Refusal; Covid19
Intervention: Biological: COVID-19 vaccine Observation of individuals who receive the COVID-19 vaccine
Sponsors: Public health and reforms Center of Ministry of Health; World Health Organization; Ministry of Health of Azerbaijan Republic
Recruiting
Сlinical Trial of Efficacy and Safety of Prospekta in the Treatment of Post-COVID-19 Asthenia. - Condition: Post-acute COVID-19 Syndrome
Interventions: Drug: Prospekta; Drug: Placebo
Sponsor: Materia Medica Holding
Not yet recruiting
Pulmonary Rehabilitation After Pregnancy in COVID-19 Infection: A Case Report - Conditions: COVID-19 Pneumonia; Pulmonary Rehabilitation; Pregnancy
Intervention:
Other: pulmonary rehabilitation
Sponsor: Dr. Lutfi Kirdar Kartal Training and Research Hospital
Not yet recruiting
Selective Inhibition of the Interaction between SARS-CoV-2 Spike S1 and ACE2 by SPIDAR Peptide Induces Anti- Inflammatory Therapeutic Responses - Many patients with coronavirus disease 2019 in intensive care units suffer from cytokine storm. Although anti- inflammatory therapies are available to treat the problem, very often, these treatments cause immunosuppression. Because angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) on host cells serves as the receptor for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), to delineate a SARS-CoV-2-specific anti-inflammatory molecule, we designed a hexapeptide corresponding to the spike…
Correction: Clinical impact of COVID-19 on patients with cancer treated with immune checkpoint inhibition - No abstract
Proteomics reveal cap-dependent translation inhibitors remodel the translation machinery and translatome - Tactical disruption of protein synthesis is an attractive therapeutic strategy, with the first-in-class eIF4A-targeting compound zotatifin in clinical evaluation for cancer and COVID-19. The full cellular impact and mechanisms of these potent molecules are undefined at a proteomic level. Here, we report mass spectrometry analysis of translational reprogramming by rocaglates, cap-dependent initiation disruptors that include zotatifin. We find effects to be far more complex than simple…
SARS-CoV-2 targeting by RNAi and host complement inhibition: A two-pronged subterfuge for COVID-19 treatment - CONCLUSION: SARS-CoV-2 specific RNAi in conjunction with systemic delivery of compstatin will be an effective two- pronged strategy to combat local and systemic immune responses in both symptomatic and asymptomatic COVID-19 patients.
Identifying the natural compound Catechin from tropical mangrove plants as a potential lead candidate against 3CL(pro) from SARS-CoV-2: An integrated in silico approach - SARS-CoV-2, a member of beta coronaviruses, is a single-stranded, positive-sense RNA virus responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic. With global fatalities of the pandemic exceeding 4.57 million, it becomes crucial to identify effective therapeutics against the virus. A protease, 3CL^(pro), is responsible for the proteolysis of viral polypeptides into functional proteins, which is essential for viral pathogenesis. This indispensable activity of 3CL^(pro) makes it an attractive target for inhibition…
Potential Cardiotoxic Effects of Remdesivir on Cardiovascular System: A Literature Review - Corona disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic continues to spread around the world with no efficacious treatment. Intravenous remdesivir is the only authorized drug for treatment of COVID-19 disease under an Emergency Use Authorization. Remdesivir is a 1’-cyano-substituted adenosine nucleotide prodrug which inhibits viral RNA synthesis. This metabolite is an adenosine analog but with a significantly longer half-life than adenosine. Adenosine is a powerful vasodilator that can cause profound…
The PERK/PKR-eIF2α pathway negatively regulates porcine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus replication by attenuating global protein translation and facilitating stress granule formation - The replication of coronaviruses, including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) and the recently emerged severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is closely associated with the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of infected cells. The unfolded protein response (UPR), which is mediated by ER stress (ERS), is a typical outcome in coronavirus-infected cells and is closely associated with the characteristics…
Cannabidiol inhibits SARS-Cov-2 spike (S) protein-induced cytotoxicity and inflammation through a PPARgamma- dependent TLR4/NLRP3/Caspase-1 signaling suppression in Caco-2 cell line - Given the abundancy of angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE-2) receptors density, beyond the lung, the intestine is considered as an alternative site of infection and replication for severe acute respiratory syndrome by coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Cannabidiol (CBD) has recently been proposed in the management of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) respiratory symptoms because of its anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activity exerted in the lung. In this study, we demonstrated the in…
Colchicine - From rheumatology to the new kid on the block: Coronary syndromes and COVID-19 - Colchicine is an effective anti-inflammatory agent used to treat gout, coronary artery disease, viral pericarditis, and familial Mediterranean fever. It has been found to act by preventing the polymerization of the protein called tubulin, thus inhibiting inflammasome activation, proinflammatory chemokines, and cellular adhesion molecules. Accumulating evidence suggests that some patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) suffer from “cytokine storm” syndrome. The ideal anti-inflammatory…
A high throughput screening assay for inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 pseudotyped particle entry - Effective small molecule therapies to combat the SARS-CoV-2 infection are still lacking as the COVID-19 pandemic continues globally. High throughput screening assays are needed for lead discovery and optimization of small molecule SARS-CoV-2 inhibitors. In this work, we have applied viral pseudotyping to establish a cell-based SARS-CoV-2 entry assay. Here, the pseudotyped particles (PP) contain SARS-CoV-2 spike in a membrane enveloping both the murine leukemia virus (MLV) gag-pol polyprotein and…
Potent and Selective Covalent Inhibitors of the Papain-like Protease from SARS-CoV-2 - Direct-acting antivirals for the treatment of COVID-19, which is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome- coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), are needed to complement vaccination efforts. The papain-like protease (PLpro) of SARS-CoV-2 is essential for viral proliferation. In addition, PLpro dysregulates the host immune response by cleaving ubiquitin and interferon-stimulated gene 15 protein (ISG15) from host proteins. As a result, PLpro is a promising target for inhibition by small-molecule…
Natural Polyphenols Inhibit the Dimerization of the SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease: The Case of Fortunellin and Its Structural Analogs - 3CL-Pro is the SARS-CoV-2 main protease (MPro). It acts as a homodimer to cleave the large polyprotein 1ab transcript into proteins that are necessary for viral growth and replication. 3CL-Pro has been one of the most studied SARS-CoV-2 proteins and a main target of therapeutics. A number of drug candidates have been reported, including natural products. Here, we employ elaborate computational methods to explore the dimerization of the 3CL-Pro protein, and we formulate a computational context to…
Chloropyridinyl Esters of Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Agents and Related Derivatives as Potent SARS-CoV-2 3CL Protease Inhibitors - We report the design and synthesis of a series of new 5-chloropyridinyl esters of salicylic acid, ibuprofen, indomethacin, and related aromatic carboxylic acids for evaluation against SARS-CoV-2 3CL protease enzyme. These ester derivatives were synthesized using EDC in the presence of DMAP to provide various esters in good to excellent yields. Compounds are stable and purified by silica gel chromatography and characterized using ¹H-NMR, ^(13)C-NMR, and mass spectral analysis. These synthetic…
Teens’ Social Media Engagement during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Time Series Examination of Posting and Emotion on Reddit - Research has rarely examined how the COVID-19 pandemic may affect teens’ social media engagement and psychological wellbeing, and even less research has compared the difference between teens with and without mental health concerns. We collected and analyzed weekly data from January to December 2020 from teens in four Reddit communities (subreddits), including teens in r/Teenagers and teens who participated in three mental health subreddits (r/Depression, r/Anxiety, and r/SuicideWatch). The…
Molecular Mechanism of the Anti-Inflammatory Action of Heparin - Our objective is to reveal the molecular mechanism of the anti-inflammatory action of low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) based on its influence on the activity of two key cytokines, IFNγ and IL-6. The mechanism of heparin binding to IFNγ and IL-6 and the resulting inhibition of their activity were studied by means of extensive molecular-dynamics simulations. The effect of LMWH on IFNγ signalling inside stimulated WISH cells was investigated by measuring its antiproliferative activity and the…
스몰 RNA 검출 방법 - 본 발명은 스몰(small) RNA의 분석 및 검출 방법에 관한 것이다. 특히, 본 발명은 짧은 염기서열의 RNA까지 분석이 가능하면서도 높은 민감도 및 정확도로 정량적 검출까지 가능하여 감염증, 암 등 여러 질환의 진단 용도로도 널리 활용될 수 있다. - link
健康智能检测方法、装置、电子设备及可读存储介质 - 本申请公开了一种健康智能检测方法、装置、电子设备及可读存储介质，其方法包括获取音频信号，并对所述音频信号进行预处理，得到检测信号；将所述检测信号转化为矩阵数字矩阵；将得到的矩阵数字矩阵作为检测样本，输入健康智能检测模型中，以获取检测结果；其中，所述健康智能检测模型是采用迁移学习和卷积神经网络对训练样本进行训练得到的。本申请由于卷积神经网络各组件或部分组件基于迁移学习进行了重新训练，显著提升了对人们健康检测的准确度；且本申请中的健康智能检测模型为分类模型，计算量小，可将其部署于人们的移动终端中，使用方便，极大程度上提升了用户的使用感受。 - link
MACHINE LEARNING TECHNIQUE TO ANALYSE THE CONDITION OF COVID-19 PATIENTS BASED ON THEIR SATURATION LEVELS - - link
单克隆抗体32C7及其制备方法和用途 - 本发明公开了单克隆抗体32C7及其制备方法和用途。本发明通过制备针对于新冠病毒RBD结构域的中和抗体32C7，在体外通过表面等离子共振检测抗体32C7可以有效地与新冠病毒的S蛋白的RBD结构域结合，通过转基因小鼠感染模型验证了抗体32C7的中和能力，测定了中和抗体32C7对于新冠感染后的肺部病毒滴度和相关炎症因子的抑制效果，结果显示该中和抗体能够明显的抑制病毒在体内的复制并降低炎症因子的产生和肺部炎症浸润。单克隆中和抗体32C7抑制新冠病毒的进入宿主细胞，达到新冠病毒中和抗体的治疗作用，可有效用于治疗或者预防新冠病毒感染引起的呼吸系统损伤。 - link
单克隆抗体35B5及其制备方法和用途 - 本发明公开了单克隆抗体35B5及其制备方法和用途。本发明通过制备针对于新冠病毒RBD结构域的中和抗体35B5，在体外通过表面等离子共振检测抗体35B5可以有效地与新冠病毒的S蛋白的RBD结构域结合，通过转基因小鼠感染模型验证了抗体35B5的中和能力，测定了中和抗体35B5对于新冠感染后的肺部病毒滴度和相关炎症因子的抑制效果，结果显示该中和抗体能够明显的抑制病毒在体内的复制并降低炎症因子的产生和肺部炎症浸润。单克隆中和抗体35B5抑制新冠病毒的进入宿主细胞，达到新冠病毒中和抗体的治疗作用，可有效用于治疗或者预防新冠病毒感染引起的呼吸系统损伤。 - link
A HERB BASED COMPOSITION ANTI VIRAL MEDICINE FOR TREATMENT OF SARS COV 2 AND A METHOD FOR TREATING A PERSON INFECTED BY THE SARS COV 2 VIRUS - A Herbal composition, viz., PONNU MARUNTHU essentially comprising of ALLUIUM CEPA extract. [concentrated to 30%] 75%, SAPINDUS MUKOROSSI - extract [Optimised] 10%, CITRUS X LIMON - extract in its natural form 05 TRACYSPERMUM AMMI (L) – extract 07%,ROSA HYBRIDA - extract 03%, PONNU MARUNTHU solution 50 ml, or as a capsulated PONNU MARUNTHU can be given to SARS cov2 positive Patients, three times a day that is ½ an hour before food; continued for 3 days to 5 days and further taking it for 2 days if need be there; It will completely cure a person. When the SARS cov2 test shows negative this medicine can be discontinued. This indigenous medicine and method for treating a person inflicted with SARS COV 2 viral infection is quite effective in achieving of much needed remedy for the patients and saving precious lives from the pangs of death and ensuring better health of people. - link
治疗或预防新冠病毒的靶点 - 本发明提供一种蛋白片段，是如下至少一种：A1)氨基酸酸序列如SEQ ID NO.1所示；A2）氨基酸序列如SEQ ID NO.1第12位‑34位所示；A3）将A1)的蛋白片段的第18、19、28和29位中的任意一个或几个氨基酸残基经过一个或几个氨基酸残基的取代、缺失、添加得到的与A1)所示的蛋白片段具有90％以上的同一性的蛋白片段；A4）氨基酸酸序列如SEQ ID NO.2所示；A5）氨基酸序列如SEQ ID NO.2第32‑41位所示；A6）将A4)的蛋白片段的第35和36位中的任意1个或2个氨基酸残基经过一个或几个氨基酸残基的取代、缺失、添加得到的与A4)所示的蛋白片段具有90％以上的同一性的蛋白片段。 - link
以痘苗病毒为载体的新冠疫苗 - 本申请涉及一种基于经过基因工程改造的痘苗病毒为载体的新型冠状病毒南非突变株疫苗。所述疫苗以A46R缺陷的痘苗病毒为载体携带新冠病毒南非突变株S基因核酸序列，所述痘苗病毒载体还可以携带IL‑21，该疫苗在免疫小鼠后可以产生针对新冠病毒南非突变株的抗体。 - link
氧化钛负载银单原子的材料在病毒消杀中的应用 - 本发明属于生物医药领域，尤其涉及一种负载银单原子的材料在病毒消杀中的应用，所述氧化钛负载银单原子材料具有以下的结构：银单原子以单分散的形式，稳定地锚定于氧化钛的表面和/或骨架中，键合方式为Ti‑O‑Ag；银单原子的嵌合使Ag单原子和氧化钛的电子结构带隙范围为2.9‑3.2
eV；氧化钛负载银单原子材料具有较银纳米颗粒更加优异的催化活性，具有过氧化物酶活性，利用羟基自由基可高效破坏核酸和蛋白质的原理来实现广谱消杀病毒，银单原子的嵌合使Ag单原子和氧化钛的电子结构带隙变小，对可见光的敏感性更强，可将光照射下的光催化诱导光动力杀伤病毒。 - link