Covid-19 Sentry

Contents

• From Preprints
• From Clinical Trials
• From PubMed
• From Patent Search

From Preprints

• What drives beliefs in COVID-19 conspiracy theories? The role of psychotic-like experiences and confinement-related factors -
  The COVID-19 pandemic is a worldwide threat to public health and the global economy. The climate of fear and uncertainty associated with the pandemic has fostered the emergence of a wide-range of COVID-19 conspiracy theories that has the potential do shape public opinion and hinder the effective dissemination of valid information. Beliefs in conspiracy theories has been associated with maladaptive personality traits such as schizotypy and paranoia, as well as other non-psychotic psychological characteristics (e.g., social isolation, stress). The current study aimed to examine the association between beliefs in COVID-19 conspiracy theories and psychotic-like experiences within the community, while also addressing the role of sociodemographic information, psychological outcomes (e.g., stress, affective states) and other pandemic-related factors (e.g., confinement conditions/behaviors). Our results suggest that psychotic-like experiences are associated with beliefs in COVID-19 conspiracy theories, particularly perceptual abnormalities and persecutory ideation. Moreover, increased health-related concerns and reduced education levels also seem to be liability factors for these conspiracy beliefs. These results add important insights into how the adherence to illogical and erroneous disease-related arguments may be contingent to proneness to psychotic-like experiences. COVID-19 conspiracy theories are yet another major challenge that governments and policy makers must contemplate when defining strategic directions to manage the current and future pandemics.
  🖺 Full Text HTML: What drives beliefs in COVID-19 conspiracy theories? The role of psychotic-like experiences and confinement-related factors
• Did people really drink bleach to prevent COVID-19? A tale of problematic respondents and a guide for measuring rare events in survey data -

  Society is becoming increasingly dependent on survey research. However, surveys can be impacted by participants who are non-attentive, respond randomly to survey questions, and misrepresent who they are and their true attitudes. The impact that such respondents can have on public health research has rarely been systematically examined. In this study we examine whether Americans began to engage in dangerous cleaning practices to avoid Covid-19 infection. Prior reports have suggested that people began to engage in highly dangerous cleaning practices during the Covid-19 pandemic, including ingesting household cleansers such as bleach. In a series of studies totaling close to 1400 respondents, we show that 80-90% of reports of household cleanser ingestion are made by problematic respondents. These respondents report impossible claims such as "recently having had a fatal heart attack" and "eating concrete for its iron content" at a similar rate to ingesting household cleaners. Additionally, respondents frequent misreading or misinterpreting the intent of questions accounted for the rest of such claims. Once inattentive, mischievous, and careless respondents are taken out of the analytic sample we find no evidence that people ingest cleansers. The relationship between dangerous cleaning practices and health outcomes also becomes non-significant once problematic respondents are taken out of the analytic sample. These results show that reported ingestion of household cleaners and other similar dangerous practices are an artifact of problematic respondent bias. The implications of these findings for public health and medical survey research, as well as best practices for avoiding problematic respondents in surveys are discussed.

  🖺 Full Text HTML: Did people really drink bleach to prevent COVID-19? A tale of problematic respondents and a guide for measuring rare events in survey data
• Disparate impact pandemic framing decreases public concern for health consequences -
  It is known that the new coronavirus (COVID-19) is disproportionately affecting the elderly, those with underlying medical conditions, and the poor. What is the effect of informing the public about these inequalities on people’s perceptions of threat and their sensitivity to the outbreak’s human toll? This study answers this question using a novel survey experiment and finds that emphasis on the unequal aspect of the pandemic, especially as it relates to the elderly and those with medical conditions, could be causing the public to become less concerned about the outbreak and its human toll. Discussion situates this finding in the literature on scientific communication and persuasion and explains why language that emphasizes the impact of the virus on all of us—rather than singling out certain groups—could be more effective in increasing caution among the general public and make them take the situation more seriously.
  🖺 Full Text HTML: Disparate impact pandemic framing decreases public concern for health consequences
• SARS-CoV-2 positivity in asymptomatic-screened dental patients -

  Enhanced community surveillance is a key pillar of the public health response to COVID-19. Asymptomatic carriage of SARS-CoV-2 is a potentially significant source of transmission, yet remains relatively poorly understood. Disruption of dental services continues with significantly reduced capacity. Ongoing precautions include pre- and/or at appointment COVID-19 symptom screening and use of enhanced personal protective equipment (PPE). This study aimed to investigate SARS-CoV-2 infection in dental patients to inform community surveillance and improve understanding of risks in the dental setting. Thirty-one dental care centres across Scotland invited asymptomatic screened patients over 5-years-old to participate. Following verbal consent and completion of sociodemographic and symptom history questionnaire, trained dental teams took a combined oropharyngeal and nasal swab sample using standardised VTM-containing testkits. Samples were processed by the Lighthouse Lab and patients informed of their results by SMS/e-mail with appropriate self-isolation guidance in the event of a positive test. Over a 13-week period (from 3August to 31October2020) n=4,032 patients, largely representative of the population, were tested. Of these n=22 (0.5%; 95%CI 0.5%, 0.8%) tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. The positivity rate increased over the period, commensurate with uptick in community prevalence identified across all national testing monitoring data streams. All positive cases were successfully followed up by the national contact tracing program. To the best of our knowledge this is the first report of a COVID-19 testing survey in asymptomatic-screened patients presenting in a dental setting. The positivity rate in this patient group reflects the underlying prevalence in community at the time. These data are a salient reminder, particularly when community infection levels are rising, of the importance of appropriate ongoing Infection Prevention Control and PPE vigilance, which is relevant as healthcare team fatigue increases as the pandemic continues. Dental settings are a valuable location for public health surveillance.

  🖺 Full Text HTML: SARS-CoV-2 positivity in asymptomatic-screened dental patients
• Airborne Transmission of Virus-Laden Aerosols inside a Music Classroom: Effects of Portable Purifiers and Aerosol Injection Rates -

  The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has shifted attention to the airborne transmission of exhaled droplet nuclei within indoor environments. The spread of aerosols through singing and musical instruments in music performances has necessitated the need for utilizing precautionary methods such as masks and portable purifiers. This study investigates the effects of placing portable air purifiers at different locations inside a classroom, as well as the effects of different aerosol injection rates (e.g., with and without masks, different musical instruments etc.). The time varying deposition of aerosols on the walls and the airborne aerosol concentration are analyzed in this study. It was found that using purifiers could help in achieving ventilation rates close to the prescribed values by WHO, while also achieving aerosol removal times within the CDC recommended guidelines. This could help in deciding break periods between classroom sessions, which was around 25 minutes through this study. Moreover, it was observed that proper placement of purifiers could offer significant advantages in reducing airborne aerosol numbers (offering orders of magnitude higher aerosol removal when compared to nearly zero removal when having no purifiers), and improper placement of the purifiers could worsen the situation. The study suggests the purifier to be placed close to the injector to yield a benefit, and away from the people to be protected. The injection rate was found to have an almost linear correlation with the average airborne aerosol suspension rate and deposition rate, which could be used to predict the trends for scenarios with other injection rates.

  🖺 Full Text HTML: Airborne Transmission of Virus-Laden Aerosols inside a Music Classroom: Effects of Portable Purifiers and Aerosol Injection Rates
• The detection and stability of the SARS-CoV-2 RNA biomarkers in wastewater influent in Helsinki, Finland -

  Wastewater-based surveillance of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is used to monitor the population-level prevalence of the COVID-19 disease. In many cases, due to lockdowns or analytical delays, the analysis of wastewater samples might only be possible after prolonged storage. In this study, the effect of storage conditions on the RNA copy numbers of the SARS-CoV-2 virus in wastewater influent was studied and compared to the persistence of norovirus over time at 4°C, -20°C, and -75°C using the reverse-transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) assays E-Sarbeco, N2, and norovirus GII. For the first time in Finland, the presence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA was tested in 24 h composite influent wastewater samples collected from Viikinmäki wastewater treatment plant, Helsinki, Finland. The detected and quantified SARS-CoV-2 RNA copy numbers of the wastewater sample aliquots taken during 19−20 April 2020 and stored for 29, 64, and 84 days remained surprisingly stable. In the stored samples, the SARS betacoronavirus and SARS-CoV-2 copy numbers, but not the norovirus GII copy numbers, seemed slightly higher when analyzed from the pre-centrifuged pellet−that is, the particulate matter of the influent−as compared with the supernatant (i.e., water fraction) used for ultrafiltration, although the difference was not statistically significant. Furthermore, when wastewater was spiked with SARS-CoV-2, linear decay at 4°C was observed on the first 28 days, while no decay was visible within 58 days at -20°C or -75°C. In conclusion, freezing temperatures should be used for storage when immediate SARS-CoV-2 RNA analysis from the wastewater influent is not possible. Analysis of the particulate matter of the sample, in addition to the water fraction, can improve the detection frequency.

  🖺 Full Text HTML: The detection and stability of the SARS-CoV-2 RNA biomarkers in wastewater influent in Helsinki, Finland
• All-cause mortality among patients treated with repurposed antivirals and antibiotics for COVID-19 in Mexico City: A Real-World Observational Study -

  Aim: To evaluate all-cause mortality risk in patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 in Mexico City treated with repurposed antivirals and antibiotics. Methods: This real-world retrospective cohort study contemplated 395,343 patients evaluated for suspected COVID-19 between February 24 and September 14, 2020 in 688 primary-to-tertiary medical units in Mexico City. Patients were included with a positive RT-PCR for SARS-CoV-2; those receiving unspecified antivirals, excluded; and antivirals prescribed in <30 patients, eliminated. Survival and mortality risks were determined for patients receiving antivirals, antibiotics, both, or none. Results: 136,855 patients were analyzed; mean age 44.2 (SD:16.8) years; 51.3% were men. 16.6% received antivirals (3%), antibiotics (10%), or both (3.6%). Antivirals studied were Oseltamivir (n=8414), Amantadine (n=319), Lopinavir-Ritonavir (n=100), Rimantadine (n=61), Zanamivir (n=39), and Acyclovir (n=36). Survival with antivirals (73.7%, p<0.0001) and antibiotics (85.8%, p<0.0001) was lower than no antiviral/antibiotic (93.6%). After multivariable adjustment, increased risk of death occurred with antivirals (HR=1.72, 95%CI:1.61-1.84) in ambulatory (HR=4.7, 95%CI:3.94-5.62) and non-critical (HR=2.03, 95%CI:1.86-2.21) patients. Oseltamivir increased mortality risk in the general population (HR=1.72, 95%CI:1.61-1.84), ambulatory (HR=4.79, 95%CI:4.01-5.75), non-critical (HR=2.05, 95%CI:1.88-2.23), and pregnancy (HR=8.35, 95%CI:1.77-39.30); as well as hospitalized (HR=1.13, 95%CI:1.01-1.26) and critical patients (HR:1.22, 95%CI:1.05-1.43) after propensity score-matching. Antibiotics were a risk factor in general population (HR=1.13, 95%CI:1.08-1.19) and pediatrics (HR=4.22, 95%CI:2.01-8.86), but a protective factor in hospitalized (HR=0.81, 95%CI:0.77-0.86) and critical patients (HR=0.67, 95%CI:0.63-0.72). Conclusions: No significant benefit for repurposed antivirals was observed; oseltamivir was associated with increased mortality. Antibiotics increased mortality risk in the general population but may increase survival in hospitalized and critical patients.

  🖺 Full Text HTML: All-cause mortality among patients treated with repurposed antivirals and antibiotics for COVID-19 in Mexico City: A Real-World Observational Study
• The high infectivity of SARS-CoV-2 B.1.1.7 is associated with increased interaction force between Spike-ACE2 caused by the viral N501Y mutation -
  The Spike glycoprotein receptor-binding domain (RBD) of SARS-CoV-2 mediates the viral particle's binding to the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor on the surface of human cells. Therefore, Spike-ACE2 interaction is a crucial determining factor for viral infectivity. A new phylogenetic group of SARS-CoV-2 (lineage B.1.1.7) has been recently identified in the COVID-19 Genomics UK Consortium dataset, which features an amino acid substitution in the Spike RBD (N501Y mutation). Infections with the SARS-CoV-2 lineage B.1.1.7 have been overgrowing in recent weeks in the United Kingdom, indicating an even greater spread capacity than that seen with previous strains of the novel coronavirus. We hypothesized that this rapid spreading/infectivity of the B.1.1.7 lineage might be due to changes in the interaction force between the mutant Spike RBD and ACE2. This study employed in silico methods involving mutagenesis (N501Y mutation) and interface analysis focusing on the Spike RDB-ACE2 interaction. The results showed that the SARS-CoV-2 N501Y mutant (lineage B.1.1.7) establishes a more significant number of interactions relating to the mutant residue Y501 (Spike RDB) with residues Y41 and K353 (ACE2). This finding shows that the increased infectivity of SARS-CoV-2 lineage B.1.1.7 is associated with the interaction force between the Spike RBD Y501 mutant residue with the ACE2 receptor, which in this strain is increased.
  🖺 Full Text HTML: The high infectivity of SARS-CoV-2 B.1.1.7 is associated with increased interaction force between Spike-ACE2 caused by the viral N501Y mutation
• MVA Vector Vaccines Inhibit SARS CoV-2 Replication in Upper and Lower Respiratory Tracts of Transgenic Mice and Prevent Lethal Disease -
  Replication-restricted modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA) is a licensed smallpox vaccine and numerous clinical studies investigating recombinant MVAs (rMVAs) as vectors for prevention of other infectious diseases have been completed or are in progress. Two rMVA COVID-19 vaccine trials are at an initial stage, though no animal protection studies have been reported. Here, we characterize rMVAs expressing the S protein of CoV-2. Modifications of full length S individually or in combination included two proline substitutions, mutations of the furin recognition site and deletion of the endoplasmic retrieval signal. Another rMVA in which the receptor binding domain (RBD) flanked by the signal peptide and transmembrane domains of S was also constructed. Each modified S protein was displayed on the surface of rMVA-infected human cells and was recognized by anti-RBD antibody and by soluble hACE2 receptor. Intramuscular injection of mice with the rMVAs induced S-binding and pseudovirus-neutralizing antibodies. Boosting occurred following a second homologous rMVA but was higher with adjuvanted purified RBD protein. Weight loss and lethality following intranasal infection of transgenic hACE2 mice with CoV-2 was prevented by one or two immunizations with rMVAs or by passive transfer of serum from vaccinated mice. One or two rMVA vaccinations also prevented recovery of infectious CoV-2 from the lungs. A low amount of virus was detected in the nasal turbinates of only one of eight rMVA-vaccinated mice on day 2 and none later. Detection of subgenomic mRNA in turbinates on day 2 only indicated that replication was abortive in immunized animals.
  🖺 Full Text HTML: MVA Vector Vaccines Inhibit SARS CoV-2 Replication in Upper and Lower Respiratory Tracts of Transgenic Mice and Prevent Lethal Disease
• Parallel pandemics illustrate the need for One Health solutions -
  African Swine Fever (ASF) was reported in domestic pigs in China in 2018. This highly contagious viral infection with no effective vaccine reached pandemic proportions by 2019, substantially impacting protein availability in the same region where the COVID-19 pandemic subsequently emerged. We discuss the genesis, spread, and wide-reaching impacts of an epidemic in a vital livestock species, noting parallels and potential contributions to ignition of COVID-19. We speculate about follow-on impacts of these pandemics on global public health infrastructure and suggest intervention strategies using a cost: benefit approach for low-risk, massive-impact events. We note that substantive changes in how the world reacts to potential threats will be required to overcome catastrophes driven by climate change, food insecurity, lack of surveillance infrastructure and other gaps. We note that a One Health approach creating collaborative processes connecting expertise in human, animal, and environmental health is essential for combating future global health crises.
  🖺 Full Text HTML: Parallel pandemics illustrate the need for One Health solutions
• A 15-year journey through the land of culture research -
  There will be many more problems for social science researchers to investigate, given the changing landscape of social research unfolded by the COVID-19 pandemic in the years to come.
  🖺 Full Text HTML: A 15-year journey through the land of culture research
• Outbreak of strains of SARS CoV-2, its prevalence & preventive measures taken by different Countries -
  World Health Organization (WHO) announced the official name of the 2019 novel coronavirus associated diseases coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and the reference name for the virus is severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).Transmission of SARS CoV-2 in humans occurs mainly via respiratory droplet or aerosols, close contact with an infected person, exposed to coughing, sneezing and likely in oral-faecal. The COVID-19 outbreak started in different countries at different times, and now those countries are at different stages. By comparing infection trajectories from the 100th case mark, we have been able to observe the rapid spread of the virus in various countries. To date, no specific antiviral drugs or vaccines are available for the control of SARS CoV-2. The experts at global level suggest implementation of strict measures such as practicing quarantine, social distancing, avoiding social gathering to reduce the number of COVID-19 cases. This is a dynamically unfolding pandemic that will require the concerted efforts of counties around the world to control. Given the unfold of the new coronavirus and its impacts on human health, it becomes pertinent to device methods for handling this public health emergency at the community, national, and international levels. it's vital to additional investigate a preventative intervention to halt the unfold of the COVID-19 infection, because it has been discovered that not all countries have constant fate concerning infection and fatality. It becomes vital to acknowledge and study the factors accountable and also the underlying mechanisms for this.
  🖺 Full Text HTML: Outbreak of strains of SARS CoV-2, its prevalence & preventive measures taken by different Countries
• BLAST Analysis of Sars-Cov-2 deliniates the functionality of the virus's protein -
  In light of recent events that have been happening across the globe until April 2020, I and my colleague decided to bring light upon the main characteristics of the new coronavirus outbreak from the Wuhan province in China, in December 2019. We first compared this SARS-Cov-2 to the old SARS-Cov-1 that appeared in 2003 and found a striking similarity between their genomes and therefore as we showed in our papers they also share some properties. Then we identified the main proteins that form the Covid-19 and in order to find new characteristics of this virus. This paper has informing purposes as in these dark times the best way to cooperate with the ongoing threat is to learn more about it.
  🖺 Full Text HTML: BLAST Analysis of Sars-Cov-2 deliniates the functionality of the virus's protein
• Differential behavior of COVID-19 in Multi-Country Journey: Challenges for Drug Intervention -
  COVID-19, a pandemic is different as it is in an ongoing phase. We need to understand how the pandemic is developing across the globe. All the existing data and research on the virus are preliminary; researchers are rapidly learning more about new and evolving problems. There is always an underlying mystery that can unfold by studying the available data on this emerging problem and especially to provide an understanding of what can and cannot be said based on this available knowledge. It has been seen that large outbreaks are in China, South Korea, Italy, Iran, Spain, and France, with the US and UK seeing rapidly increasing numbers. But most countries in the world have reported very few to number cases of COVID-19. This is surprising because the trajectory of the COVID-19 outbreak has been said to follow the exposure due to travel, and the areas with low incidence must be having other reasons. The primary factor resulting in the spread of infection is trans country and continent movement of people. The geographical distribution and pattern of COVID 19 infection show a very interesting feature, the tropical countries having a high incidence of Malaria and have undergone the chloroquine regimen show less spike in COVID19 infection. And one of the reasons may be that the virus has not yet reached and started localized transmission in every country, despite these countries having strong travel, migration, or trade relationships with China and the rest of the world. This observation raises various questions. Is the virus not reaching or establishing infections due to some measures taken and the transmission is controlled? The differential behavior of this virus might pose a potential challenge for the development of a suitable intervention that can be useful in all scenarios.
  🖺 Full Text HTML: Differential behavior of COVID-19 in Multi-Country Journey: Challenges for Drug Intervention
• Anemia prior to or during COVID-19 is a risk factor for rehospitalization after SARS-CoV-2 clearance -

  Background: As the number of new and recovering COVID-19 cases continues to rise, it has become evident that patients can experience symptoms and complications after viral clearance. Clinical biomarkers characterizing patients who are likely to experience these prolonged effects are unknown. Methods: We conducted a retrospective study to compare longitudinal lab test measurements (hemoglobin, hematocrit, estimated glomerular filtration rate, serum creatinine, and blood urea nitrogen) in patients rehospitalized after PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 clearance (n=49) versus patients not rehospitalized after viral clearance (n=173). Results: Compared to patients who were not rehospitalized after PCR-confirmed viral clearance, those who were rehospitalized had lower median hemoglobin levels in the year prior to COVID-19 diagnosis (cohens D = -0.74; p=0.01) and during the active infection window (cohens D = -1.02; p=2.4x10-7). Patients hospitalized after viral clearance were also more likely to be diagnosed with moderate or severe anemia during both intervals (pre-COVID: OR=5.91; p=0.03; active infection: OR=3.13; p=1.37x10-8). Conclusions: The diagnosis of moderate or severe anemia in the year prior to COVID-19 diagnosis and during active SARS-CoV-2 infection can aid in the identification of patients who are likely to be rehospitalized after viral clearance. Whether interventions to mitigate anemia in COVID-19 patients improve long term outcomes should be further investigated.

  🖺 Full Text HTML: Anemia prior to or during COVID-19 is a risk factor for rehospitalization after SARS-CoV-2 clearance

From Clinical Trials

• Dendritic Cell Vaccine to Prevent COVID-19 - Condition:   COVID-19
  Intervention:   Biological: AV-COVID-19
  Sponsors:   Indonesia-MoH;   Aivita Biomedical, Inc.;   PT AIVITA Biomedika Indonesia;   National Institute of Health Research and Development, Ministry of Health Republic of Indonesia;   RSUP Dr. Kariadi Semarang, indonesia;   Faculty of Medicine University of Diponegoro, Indonesia
  Recruiting

• Effect of Dalcetrapib in Patients With Confirmed Mild to Moderate COVID-19 - Condition:   Covid19
  Interventions:   Drug: Dalcetrapib;   Other: Placebo
  Sponsors:   DalCor Pharmaceuticals;   The Montreal Health Innovations Coordinating Center (MHICC);   Covance
  Not yet recruiting

• suPAR-Guided Anakinra Treatment for Management of Severe Respiratory Failure by COVID-19 - Condition:   Covid19
  Interventions:   Drug: Anakinra;   Drug: Placebo
  Sponsor:   Hellenic Institute for the Study of Sepsis
  Recruiting

• Evaluating the Impact of EnteraGam In People With COVID-19 - Condition:   Covid19
  Interventions:   Dietary Supplement: Bovine Plasma-Derived Immunoglobulin Concentrate;   Other: Standard of care
  Sponsors:   Entera Health, Inc;   Lemus Buhils, SL;   Clinical Research Unit, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute)
  Not yet recruiting

• Efficacy and Safety of Remdesivir and Tociluzumab for the Management of Severe COVID-19: A Randomized Controlled Trial - Conditions:   Covid19;   Covid-19 ARDS
  Interventions:   Drug: Remdesivir;   Drug: Tocilizumab
  Sponsors:   M Abdur Rahim Medical College and Hospital;   First affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaoting University
  Recruiting

• Inhaled Ivermectin and COVID-19 - Condition:   COVID-19
  Intervention:   Drug: Ivermectin Powder
  Sponsor:   Mansoura University
  Not yet recruiting

• Effect of Tenofovir/Emtricitabine in Patients Recently Infected With SARS-COV2 (Covid-19) Discharged Home - Condition:   Covid19
  Intervention:   Drug: tenofovir disoproxil and emtricitabine
  Sponsor:   University Hospital, Caen
  Recruiting

• Safety and Immunogenicity of Two Different Strengths of the Inactivated COVID 19 Vaccine ERUCOV-VAC - Condition:   COVID-19 Vaccine
  Interventions:   Biological: ERUCOV-VAC;   Other: Placebo Vaccine
  Sponsors:   Health Institutes of Turkey;   TC Erciyes University
  Recruiting

• AZD1222 Vaccine in Combination With rAd26-S, Recombinant Adenovirus Type 26 Component of Gam-COVID-Vac Vaccine, for the Prevention of COVID-19 - Condition:   COVID-19
  Interventions:   Biological: AZD1222;   Biological: rAd26-S
  Sponsors:   AstraZeneca;   R-Pharm
  Not yet recruiting

• Anti-COVID19 AKS-452 - ACT Study - Condition:   Covid19
  Intervention:   Biological: AKS-452
  Sponsors:   University Medical Center Groningen;   Akston Biosciences Corporation
  Not yet recruiting

• Study in Adults to Determine the Safety and Immunogenicity of AZD1222, a Non-replicating ChAdOx1 Vector Vaccine, Given in Combination With rAd26-S, Recombinant Adenovirus Type 26 Component of Gam-COVID-Vac Vaccine, for the Prevention of COVID-19. - Condition:   COVID-19
  Interventions:   Biological: AZD1222;   Biological: rAd26-S
  Sponsors:   R-Pharm;   AstraZeneca
  Not yet recruiting

• Surgical Face Mask Effects in Patients With COVID-19 - Condition:   Covid19
  Intervention:   Other: Sit-To-Stand test
  Sponsor:   Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc- Université Catholique de Louvain
  Not yet recruiting

• Dendritic Cell Vaccine, AV-COVID-19, to Prevent COVID-19 Infection - Condition:   COVID-19
  Interventions:   Biological: AV-COVID-19;   Other: GM-CSF
  Sponsors:   Aivita Biomedical, Inc.;   PT AIVITA Biomedika Indonesia;   Indonesia Ministry of Health;   National Institute of Health Research and Development, Ministry of Health Republic of Indonesia
  Recruiting

• Efficacy and Safety of hzVSF-v13 in Patients With COVID-19 Pneumonia - Condition:   COVID-19
  Interventions:   Drug: hzVSF-v13;   Drug: Placebo (Normal saline solution)
  Sponsor:   ImmuneMed, Inc.
  Recruiting

• A Clinical Study to Assess the Efficacy and Safety of Amizon® Max in the Treatment of Moderate Covid-19 - Condition:   Covid-19 Disease
  Interventions:   Drug: Enisamium Iodide;   Drug: Placebo
  Sponsor:   Joint Stock Company "Farmak"
  Recruiting

From PubMed

• Antitumor/antiviral carbon quantum dots based on carrageenan and pullulan - Requirement for medication from pathogenic human viruses and cancer diseases are urgently considered, while, numerous reports were focused on investigating easily manufactured and excellently effective therapeutic reagents. Herein, CQDs were prepared with size of 2.1 nm from both of carrageenan and pullulan. CQDs nucleated from pullulan showed higher anti-proliferative effects against cancer cells, while, treatment with 100 μg/mL of CQDs colloids originated from pullulan and carrageenan...

• Human species D adenovirus hexon capsid protein mediates cell entry through a direct interaction with CD46 - Human adenovirus species D (HAdV-D) types are currently being explored as vaccine vectors for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and other severe infectious diseases. The efficacy of such vector-based vaccines depends on functional interactions with receptors on host cells. Adenoviruses of different species are assumed to enter host cells mainly by interactions between the knob domain of the protruding fiber capsid protein and cellular receptors. Using a cell-based receptor-screening assay, we...

• A novel virtual screening procedure identifies Pralatrexate as inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 RdRp and it reduces viral replication in vitro - The spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus poses serious threats to the global public health and leads to worldwide crisis. No effective drug or vaccine is readily available. The viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) is a promising therapeutic target. A hybrid drug screening procedure was proposed and applied to identify potential drug candidates targeting RdRp from 1906 approved drugs. Among the four selected market available drug candidates,...

• MicroRNAs and SARS-CoV-2 life cycle, pathogenesis, and mutations: biomarkers or therapeutic agents? - To date, proposed therapies and antiviral drugs have been failed to cure coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients. However, at least two drug companies have applied for emergency use authorization with the United States Food and Drug Administration for their coronavirus vaccine candidates and several other vaccines are in various stages of development to determine safety and efficacy. Recently, some studies have shown the role of different human and severe acute respiratory syndrome...

• Fisetin 8-C-glucoside as entry inhibitor in SARS CoV-2 infection: molecular modelling study - Coronaviruses are RNA viruses that infect varied species including humans. TMPRSS2 is gateway for SARS CoV-2 entry into the host cell. It causes proteolytic activation of spike protein and discharge of the peptide into host cell. The TMPRSS2 inhibition could be one of the approaches to stop the viral entry, therefore, interaction pattern and binding energies for Fisetin and TMPRSS2 have been explored in the present study. TMPRSS2 peptide was used for homology modelling and then for further...

• A narrative review of hydrogen-oxygen mixture for medical purpose and the inhaler thereof - Recent development regarding mixture of H(2) (concentration of ~66%) with O(2) (concentration of ~34%) for medical purpose, such as treatment of coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) patients, is introduced. Furthermore, the design principles of a hydrogen inhaler which generates mixture of hydrogen (~66%) with oxygen (~34%) for medical purpose are proposed. With the installation of the liquid blocking module and flame arresters, the air pathway of the hydrogen inhaler is divided by multiple...

• Developing multiplex ddPCR assays for SARS-CoV-2 detection based on probe mix and amplitude based multiplexing - Introduction: With the ongoing SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, different articles have been published highlighting the superiority of droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) over the gold-standard reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) in SARS-CoV-2 detection. However, few studies have been reported on developing multiplex ddPCR assays for SARS-CoV-2 detection and their performance. This study shows steps on how to develop different ddPCR SAR-CoV-2 assays including higher order multiplex assays for SARS-CoV-2 detection...

• Tocilizumab combined with favipiravir in the treatment of COVID-19: A multicenter trial in a small sample size - CONCLUSION: Tocilizumab combined with or without favipiravir can effectively improve the pulmonary inflammation of COVID-19 patients and inhibit the deterioration of the disease.

• Therapeutic approaches against coronaviruses acute respiratory syndrome - Coronaviruses represent global health threat. In this century, they have already caused two epidemics and one serious pandemic. Although, at present, there are no approved drugs and therapies for the treatment and prevention of human coronaviruses, several agents, FDA-approved, and preclinical, have shown in vitro and/or in vivo antiviral activity. An in-depth analysis of the current situation leads to the identification of several potential drugs that could have an impact on the fight against...

• The British variant of the new coronavirus-19 (Sars-Cov-2) should not create a vaccine problem - Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a highly contagious virus that infects humans and a number of animal species causing coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19), a respiratory distress syndrome which has provoked a global pandemic and a serious health crisis in most countries across our planet. COVID-19 inflammation is mediated by IL-1, a disease that can cause symptoms such as fever, cough, lung inflammation, thrombosis, stroke, renal failure and headache, to name a few....

• Hydroxychloroquine Inhibits the Trained Innate Immune Response to Interferons - Hydroxychloroquine is being investigated for a potential prophylactic effect in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, but its mechanism of action is poorly understood. Circulating leukocytes from the blood of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients show increased responses to Toll-like receptor ligands, suggestive of trained immunity. By analyzing interferon responses of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from healthy donors conditioned with heat-killed...

• Lycorine, a non-nucleoside RNA dependent RNA polymerase inhibitor, as potential treatment for emerging coronavirus infections - CONCLUSIONS: Lycorine is a potent non-nucleoside direct-acting antiviral against emerging coronavirus infections and acts by inhibiting viral RdRp activity; therefore, lycorine may be a candidate against the current COVID-19 pandemic.

• The PIKfyve Inhibitor Apilimod: A Double-Edged Sword against COVID-19 - The PIKfyve inhibitor apilimod is currently undergoing clinical trials for treatment of COVID-19. However, although apilimod might prevent viral invasion by inhibiting host cell proteases, the same proteases are critical for antigen presentation leading to T cell activation and there is good evidence from both in vitro studies and the clinic that apilimod blocks antiviral immune responses. We therefore warn that the immunosuppression observed in many COVID-19 patients might be aggravated by...

• Blocking Effect of Demethylzeylasteral on the Interaction between Human ACE2 Protein and SARS-CoV-2 RBD Protein Discovered Using SPR Technology - The novel coronavirus disease (2019-nCoV) has been affecting global health since the end of 2019, and there is no sign that the epidemic is abating. Targeting the interaction between the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike protein and the human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor is a promising therapeutic strategy. In this study, surface plasmon resonance (SPR) was used as the primary method to screen a library of 960 compounds. A compound 02B05...

• Fucoidan and Lung Function: Value in Viral Infection - Compromised lung function is a feature of both infection driven and non-infective pathologies. Viral infections-including the current pandemic strain SARS-CoV-2-that affect lung function can cause both acute and long-term chronic damage. SARS-CoV-2 infection suppresses innate immunity and promotes an inflammatory response. Targeting these aspects of SARS-CoV-2 is important as the pandemic affects greater proportions of the population. In clinical and animal studies, fucoidans have been shown to...

From Patent Search

• Covid 19 - Chewing Gum - - link

• A traditional Chinese medicine composition for COVID-19 and/or influenza and preparation method thereof - - link

• STOCHASTIC MODEL METHOD TO DETERMINE THE PROBABILITY OF TRANSMISSION OF NOVEL COVID-19 - The present invention is directed to a stochastic model method to assess the risk of spreading the disease and determine the probability of transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). - link

• The use of human serum albumin (HSA) and Cannabigerol (CBG) as active ingredients in a composition for use in the treatment of Coronavirus (Covid-19) and its symptoms - - link

• The use of human serum albumin (HSA) and Cannabigerol (CBG) as active ingredients in a composition for use in the treatment of Coronavirus (Covid-19) and its symptoms - - link

• "AYURVEDIC PROPRIETARY MEDICINE FOR TREATMENT OF SEVERWE ACUTE RESPIRATORY SYNDROME CORONAVIRUS 2 (SARS-COV-2." - AbstractAyurvedic Proprietary Medicine for treatment of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)In one of the aspect of the present invention it is provided that Polyherbal combinations called Coufex (syrup) is prepared as Ayurvedic Proprietary Medicine , Aqueous Extracts Mixing with Sugar Syrup form the following herbal aqueous extract coriandrum sativum was used for the formulation of protek.Further another Polyherbal combination protek as syrup is prepared by the combining an aqueous extract of the medicinal herbs including Emblica officinalis, Terminalia chebula, Terminalia belerica, Aegle marmelos, Zingiber officinale, Ocimum sanctum, Adatoda zeylanica, Piper lingum, Andrographis panivulata, Coriandrum sativum, Tinospora cordiofolia, cuminum cyminum,piper nigrum was used for the formulation of Coufex. - link

• 제2형 중증급성호흡기증후군 코로나바이러스 감염 질환의 예방 또는 치료용 조성물 - 본 발명은 화학식 1로 표시되는 화합물, 또는 이의 약학적으로 허용가능한 염; 및 글루카곤 수용체 작용제(glucagon receptor agonist), 위 억제 펩타이드(gastric inhibitory peptide, GIP), 글루카곤-유사 펩타이드 1(glucagon-like peptide 1, GLP-1) 및 글루카곤 수용체/위 억제 펩타이드/글루카곤-유사 펩타이드 1(Glucagon/GIP/GLP-1) 삼중 완전 작용제(glucagon receptors, gastric inhibitory peptide and glucagon-like peptide 1 (Glucagon/GIP/GLP-1) triple full agonist)로 이루어진 군으로부터 선택된 1종 이상;을 포함하는 제2형 중증급성호흡기증후군 코로나바이러스 감염 질환 예방 또는 치료용 약학적 조성물을 제공한다. - link

• Haptens, hapten conjugates, compositions thereof and method for their preparation and use - A method for performing a multiplexed diagnostic assay, such as for two or more different targets in a sample, is described. One embodiment comprised contacting the sample with two or more specific binding moieties that bind specifically to two or more different targets. The two or more specific binding moieties are conjugated to different haptens, and at least one of the haptens is an oxazole, a pyrazole, a thiazole, a nitroaryl compound other than dinitrophenyl, a benzofurazan, a triterpene, a urea, a thiourea, a rotenoid, a coumarin, a cyclolignan, a heterobiaryl, an azo aryl, or a benzodiazepine. The sample is contacted with two or more different anti-hapten antibodies that can be detected separately. The two or more different anti-hapten antibodies may be conjugated to different detectable labels. - link

• SARS-CoV-2 RBD共轭纳米颗粒疫苗 - 本发明涉及免疫医学领域，具体而言，涉及一种SARS‑CoV‑2 RBD共轭纳米颗粒疫苗。该疫苗包含免疫原性复合物，所述免疫原性复合物包含：a）与SpyCatcher融合表达的载体蛋白自组装得到的纳米颗粒载体；b）与SpyTag融合表达的SARS‑CoV‑2病毒的RBD抗原；所述载体蛋白选自Ferritin、mi3和I53‑50；所述载体蛋白与所述抗原之间通过SpyCatcher‑SpyTag共价连接。 - link

• Устройство электронного контроля и дистанционного управления аппарата искусственной вентиляции легких - Полезная модель относится к медицинской технике, а именно к устройствам для воздействия на дыхательную систему пациента смесью различных газов, в частности, к устройствам для проведения искусственной вентиляции легких (ИВЛ). Технический результат предлагаемой полезной модели заключается в решении технической проблемы, состоящей в необходимости расширения арсенала технических средств, предназначенных для электронного контроля и управления ИВЛ, путем реализации возможности дистанционного управления аппаратами ИВЛ в медицинских учреждениях, не оборудованных кабельными вычислительными сетями. Указанный технический результат достигается благодаря тому, что в известное устройство электронного контроля и дистанционного управления аппарата ИВЛ, содержащее центральный микроконтроллер, а также программно-аппаратные средства управления функциями доставки воздушной смеси пациенту и многоуровневой тревожной сигнализации об отклонениях от нормативных условий и технических неполадках в аппарате ИВЛ, введены связанные друг с другом микроконтроллер связи и дистанционного управления и радиомодем, выполненный с возможностью связи с точками доступа радиканальной сети, при этом центральный микроконтроллер устройства выполнен с дополнительными входом/выходом, которые связаны с управляющими выходом/входом микроконтроллера связи и дистанционного управления, а, в зависимости от типа применяемой в медицинском учреждении радиоканальной сети связи и передачи данных, радиомодем может быть выполнен в виде интерфейсного аудиомодуля Bluetooth 4.0 BLE, приемопередающего модуля Wi-Fi либо устройства "малого радиуса действия", работающего по технологии LoRa на нелицензируемых частотах мегагерцового диапазона, например, в диапазоне 868 МГц. 3 з.п. ф-лы, 1 ил. - link