Oral fluids offer a non-invasive sampling method for the detection of antibodies. Quantification of IgA and IgG antibodies in saliva allows studies of the mucosal and systemic immune response after natural infection or vaccination. We developed and validated an enzyme immunoassay (EIA) to detect and quantify salivary IgA and IgG antibodies against the prefusion-stabilized form of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. Normalization against total antibody isotype was performed to account for specimen differences, such as collection time and sample volume. Saliva samples collected from 187 SARS-CoV-2 confirmed cases enrolled in 2 cohorts and 373 pre-pandemic saliva samples were tested. The sensitivity of both EIAs was high (IgA: 95.5%; IgG: 89.7%) without compromising specificity (IgA: 99%; IgG: 97%). No cross reactivity with seasonal coronaviruses was observed. The limit of detection for SARS-CoV-2 salivary IgA and IgG assays were 1.98 ng/mL and 0.30 ng/mL, respectively. Salivary IgA and IgG antibodies were detected earlier in patients with mild COVID-19 symptoms than in severe cases. However, severe cases showed higher salivary antibody titers than those with a mild infection. Salivary IgA titers quickly decreased after 6 weeks in mild cases but remained detectable until at least week 10 in severe cases. Salivary IgG titers remained high for all patients, regardless of disease severity. In conclusion, EIAs for both IgA and IgG had high specificity and sensitivity for the confirmation of current or recent SARS-CoV-2 infections and evaluation of the IgA and IgG immune response.
ABSTRACT Background & Objective: Covid-19 pandemic has led to multiple waves secondary to mutations in SARS- CoV-2 and emergence of variants of concern (VOC). Clinical characteristics of delta (B.1.617.2) VOC are not well reported. To compare demographic, clinical and laboratory features and outcomes in the second Covid-19 wave in India (delta VOC) with the previous wave we performed a registry-based study. Methods: Successive SARS-CoV-2 reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) confirmed Covid-19 patients presenting to our Advanced Covid Care hospital were prospectively recruited. In the first phase (wave) from March-December 2020, 1395 of 7476 (18.7%) suspected patients tested positive and 863 (61.89%) hospitalized, while in second wave from January-July 2021 out of 1641 confirmed cases out of 8680 (19.4%) suspected 388 (23.6%) were hospitalized. Details of clinical and laboratory features at admission to hospital, management and outcomes in the two waves have been compared. Results: In both cohorts, majority were men and 20% less than 40 years. Prevalence of hypertension, diabetes and cardiovascular diseases was more than 20%. Second wave patients had similar pre-hospitalization symptom duration but had significantly greater cough, fever and shortness of breath and lower SpO2 at presentation with greater lymphopenia, C-reactive proteins, interleukin-6, ferritin, lactic dehydrogenase and transaminases. In the second vs first wave patients, requirement of supplementary oxygen (47.9% vs 34.3%), prone positioning (89.2 vs 38.6%), high flow nasal oxygen(15.7 vs 9.1%), non- invasive ventilation (14.4 vs 9.5%), invasive ventilation (16.2 vs 9.5%), steroids (94.1 vs 85.9%), remdesivir (91.2 vs 76.0%) and anticoagulants (94.3 vs 76.0%) was greater (p<0.001). Median (IQR) length of stay [8 (6-10) vs 7 (5-10) days] as well as ICU stay [9 (5-13) vs 6 (2-10) days] was more in second wave (p<0.001). In-hospital deaths occurred in 173 patients (13.9%) and were significantly more in the second wave, 75 (19.3%), compared to the first, 98 (11.5%); unadjusted odds ratio (95% CI) 1.84 (1.32-2.55) which did not change significantly with adjustment for age and sex (2.03, 1.44-2.86), and age, sex and comorbidities (2.09, 1.47-2.95). Greater disease severity at presentation was associated with mortality in both the waves. Conclusions: Covid-19 patients hospitalized during the second wave of the epidemic (delta variant) had more severe disease with greater dyspnea, hypoxia, hematological and biochemical abnormalities compared to first wave patients. They had greater length of stay in intensive care unit, oxygen requirement, non-invasive and invasive ventilatory support. The in-hospital mortality in the second wave was double of the first.
Background One of the main challenges of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic is to be able to make sense of available, but often heterogeneous and noisy data, to characterize the evolution of the SARS-CoV-2 infection dynamics, with the additional goal of having better preparedness and planning of healthcare services. This contribution presents a data- driven methodology that allows exploring the hospitalization dynamics of COVID-19, exemplified with a study of 17 autonomous regions in Spain. Methods We use data on new daily cases and hospitalizations reported by the Ministry of Health of Spain to implement a Bayesian inference method that allows making short and mid-term predictions of bed occupancy of COVID-19 patients in each of the autonomous regions of the country. Findings We show how to use given and generated temporal series for the number of daily admissions and discharges from hospital to reproduce the hospitalization dynamics of COVID-19 patients. For the case-study of the region of Aragon, we estimate that the probability of being admitted to hospital care upon infection is 0.090 [0.086-0.094], (95% C.I.), with the distribution governing hospital admission yielding a median interval of 3.5 days and an IQR of 7 days. Likewise, the distribution on the length of stay produces estimates of 12 days for the median and 10 days for the IQR. A comparison between model parameters for the regions analyzed allows to detect differences and changes in policies of the health authorities. Interpretation The amount of data that is currently available is limited, and sometimes unreliable, hindering our understanding of many aspects of this pandemic. We have observed important regional differences, signaling that to properly compare very different populations, it is paramount to acknowledge all the diversity in terms of culture, socio-economic status and resource availability. To better understand the impact of this pandemic, much more data, disaggregated and properly annotated, should be made available.
There is widespread concern over the potential impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on suicide and self-harm globally, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) where the burden of these behaviours is greatest. We synthesised the evidence from the published literature on the impact of the pandemic on suicide and self-harm in LMIC. This review is nested within a living systematic review that continuously identifies published evidence (all languages) through a comprehensive automated search of multiple databases (PubMed; Scopus; medRxiv, PsyArXiv; SocArXiv; bioRxiv; the WHO COVID-19 database; and the COVID-19 Open Research Dataset by Semantic Scholar (up to 11/2020), including data from Microsoft Academic, Elsevier, arXiv and PubMed Central.) All articles identified by the 4th August 2021 were screened. Papers reporting on data from a LMIC and presenting evidence on the impact of the pandemic on suicide or self- harm were included. A total of 22 studies from LMIC were identified representing data from 12 countries. There was an absence of data from Africa. The reviewed studies mostly report on the early months of COVID-19 and were generally methodologically poor. Few studies directly assessed the impact of the pandemic. The most robust evidence, from time- series studies, indicate either a reduction or no change in suicide and self-harm behaviour. As LMIC continue to experience repeated waves of the virus and increased associated mortality, against a backdrop of vaccine inaccessibility and limited welfare support, continued efforts are needed to track the indirect impact of the pandemic on suicide and self-harm in these countries.
In this paper, we propose a phase diagram representation of COVID-19 effective reproduction number R_t. Specifically, we express R_t as a function of the estimated infected individuals. This function plots a particular clockwise spiral that allows to easily compare the evolution of the number of new infected individuals at different dates and, possibly, provide some hints on the future progression of the infection.
Objective: To investigate COVID-19 vaccine efficacy (VE) among healthcare workers (HCWs) in an ethnically diverse community healthcare system, during its initial immunization campaign. Methods: HCWs of the system were retrospectively included from the beginning of a COVID-19 vaccination program (December 16, 2020) until March 31, 2021. Those with a prior COVID-19 infection before December 15 were excluded. The Occupational Health department of the system ran a COVID-19 screening and testing referral program for workers, consistently throughout the study period. A master database had been established and updated comprising of the demographics, COVID-19 PCR assays, and vaccinations of each HCW. Andersen-Gill extension of the Cox models were built to estimate the VE of fully/partially vaccinated person-days at risk. Results: Among the 4317 eligible HCWs, 3249 (75%) received any vaccination during the study period. Vaccinated HCWs were older, less likely to be Black/African American, Hispanic/Latino or identify as two or more races, and more likely to be medical providers. After adjusting for age, sex, race, and the statewide background incidence at the time of vaccination, we observed a VE of 80.2% (95% CI: 57.5-90.8%) for ≧14 days after the first dose of Pfizer/Moderna, and 95.5% (95% CI: 88.2-98.3%) among those fully vaccinated (i.e. ≧14 days after the second dose of Pfizer/Moderna or the single dose of J&J/Janssen). Conclusion: COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness in the real world is promising, and these data in concert with culturally appropriate may decrease vaccine hesitancy.
Coronavirus disease 19 (Covid-19) is causing a dramatic impact on human life worldwide. As of June 11 2021, later one has attributed more than 174 million confirmed cases and over 3.5 million deaths globally. Nonetheless, a World Bank Group flagship report features Covid-19 induced global crisis as the strongest post-recession since World WarII. Currently, all approved therapeutics or vaccines are strictly allowed for emergency use. Hence, in the absence of pharmaceutical interventions, it is vital to analyze data set covering the growth rates of positive human cases, number of recoveries, other factors, and future strategies to manage the growth of fatal Covid-19 effectively. The Uttarakhand state of India is snuggled in the lap of the Himalayas and occupies more people than Israel, Switzerland, Hong Kong, etc. This study analyzed state Covid-19 data, fetched from an authenticated government repository using Python 3.9 from April 1, 2020, to February 28, 2021. The highest recovery rate was attributed to the hilly district Rudraprayag. The analysis also revealed that a very high doubling rate was seen during the last week of May to the first week of Jun
Background The safety and immunogenicity of heterologous prime-boost COVID-19 vaccine regimens with one shot of a recombinant adenovirus type-5-vectored COVID-19 vaccine Convidecia has not been reported. Methods We conducted a randomized, controlled, observer-blinded trial of heterologous prime-boost immunization with CoronaVac and Convidecia in healthy adults 18-59 years of age. Eligible participants who were primed with one or two doses of CoronaVac were randomly assigned at a 1:1 ratio to receive a booster dose of Convidecia or CoronaVac. Participants were masked to the vaccine received but not to the three-dose or two-dose regimen. The occurrences of adverse reactions within 28 days after the vaccination were documented. The geometric mean titers of neutralizing antibodies against live SARS-CoV-2 virus were measured at 14 and 28 days after the booster vaccination. Results Between May 25 and 26, 2021, a total of 300 participants were enrolled. Participants who received a booster shot with a heterologous dose of Convidecia reported increased frequencies of solicited injection-site reactions than did those received a homogeneous dose of CoronaVac, but frequencies of systemic reactions. The adverse reactions were generally mild to moderate. The heterologous immunization with Convidecia induced higher live viral neutralizing antibodies than did the homogeneous immunization with CoronaVac (197.4[167.7, 232.4] vs. 33.6[28.3, 39.8] and 54.4[37. 9, 78.0] vs. 12.8[9.3, 17.5]) at day 14 in the three- and two- dose regimen cohort, respectively. Conclusions The heterologous prime-boost regimen with Convidecia after the priming with CoronaVac was safe and significantly immunogenic than a homogeneous boost with CoronaVac (ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT04892459).
Background: The pandemic spread of SARS-CoV-2 has led to an unprecedented outbreak of viral pneumonia. Despite the current focus of worldwide research being the characterization of post-COVID-19 sequelae, the level of functional impact that this disease causes in the elderly who have presented moderate, severe or critical manifestations is still unknown. Objective: To identify the main consequences/sequelae on functional respiratory capacity in the elderly after CoViD-19. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was carried out in the community. Functional aerobic capacity (2min step test), dyspnea perception (modified Medical Research Council Dyspnea Questionnaire), respiratory and peripheral muscle strength (maximum inspiratory and expiratory pressure, grip strength) and the Frailty Index (Clinical Fragility Scale) were assessed in 25 community-dwelling individuals aged ≥65 years, who have had a diagnosis of CoViD-19 for up to 6 months, and in an equal number of elderly people with the same characteristics without a known diagnosis of CoViD-19. Results: The elderly with a diagnosis of CoViD-19 up to 6 months presented a decrease in the values of maximum inspiratory pressure (p=0.001) and maximum expiratory pressure (p=0.015), in aerobic capacity (p<0.001) with significant presence of desaturation on exertion (p<0.001), and increased values of dyspnea perception (p=0.001) and Frailty Index (p=0.026). Conclusion: Significant changes were found in the functional respiratory capacity of elderly patients diagnosed with CoViD-19 for up to 6 months, when compared with elderly individuals without a known diagnosis of CoViD-19. It is not possible to extrapolate the results obtained to the Portuguese population, however these results may be an important indicator in the characterization of sequelae in the elderly after infection by SARS- CoV-2. Keywords: CoViD-19, elderly, functional respiratory capacity, respiratory pressures, grip strength.
Objective: To compare gut microbiome diversity and composition in SARS-CoV-2 polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-confirmed positive patients whose symptoms ranged from asymptomatic to severe versus PCR-negative exposed controls. Design: Using a cross-sectional study design, we used shotgun next-generation sequencing (NGS) to evaluate microbiome composition and diversity in both patients with SARS-CoV-2 PCR-confirmed infections presenting to Ventura Clinical Trials for care from March 2020 through January 2021 and SARS-CoV-2 PCR-negative exposed controls. Patients were classified as being asymptomatic or having mild, moderate, or severe symptoms based on NIH criteria.1 Exposed controls were individuals with prolonged or repeated close contact with patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection or their samples, e.g. household members of patients or frontline healthcare workers. Microbiome diversity and composition were compared between patients and exposed controls and across patient subgroups at all taxonomic levels. Results: There were 52 patients and 20 controls. Compared with controls, patients had significantly less bacterial diversity, a lower abundance of Bifidobacterium and Faecalibacterium as well as some other bacteria, and a higher abundance of Bacteroides at the genus level. Additionally, there was an inverse association between disease severity and both bacterial diversity and Bifidobacterium and Faecalibacterium abundance. Conclusion: We hypothesize that low bacterial diversity and depletion of Bifidobacterium and Faecalibacterium genera either before or after infection led to reduced pro-immune function, thereby allowing SARS-CoV-2 infection to become symptomatic. This particular dysbiosis pattern may be a susceptibility marker for severe symptoms from SARS-CoV-2 infection and may be amenable to pre-, intra-, or post infection intervention.
Short-term forecasts of the dynamics of COVID-19 in the period up to its decline following mass vaccination was a task that received much attention but proved difficult to do with high accuracy. A major obstacle has been capturing variations in the underlying kinetics of transmission resulting from changes in public policy, individual behaviors, and evolution of the virus. However, the availability of standardized forecasts and versioned data sets from this period allows for continued work in this area. Here we introduce the Gaussian Infection State Space with Time-dependence (GISST) forecasting model. We evaluate its performance in 1-4 week ahead forecasts of COVID-19 cases, hospital admissions, and deaths in the state of California made with official reports of COVID-19, Google9s mobility reports, and vaccination data available each week from June 29, 2020 to April, 26, 2021. Evaluation of these forecasts with a weighted interval score shows them to consistently outperform a naive baseline forecast and often score closer to or better than a high-performing ensemble forecaster. The GISST model also provides parameter estimates for a compartmental model of COVID-19 dynamics, includes a regression submodel for the transmission rate, and allows for parameters to vary over time according to a random walk. GISST provides a novel, balanced combination of computational efficiency, model interpretability, and applicability to large multivariate data sets that may prove useful in improving the accuracy of infectious disease forecasts.
Multi-specific and long-lasting T cell immunity have been recognized as indicators for long term protection against pathogens including the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent of the COVID-19 pandemic. Functional significance of peripheral memory T cell subsets in COVID-19 convalescents (CONV) are beginning to be appreciated; but little is known about lung resident memory T cell (lung TRM) responses and their role in limiting the severity of SARS- CoV-2 infection. Here, we utilize a perfusion three dimensional (3D) human lung tissue model and identify pre-existing local T cell immunity against SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and structural antigens in the lung tissues. We report ex vivo maintenance of functional multi-specific IFN-γ secreting lung TRM in CONV and their induction in lung tissues of vaccinated CONV. Importantly, we identify SARS-CoV-2 spike peptide-responding B cells in lung tissues of CONV in ex vivo 3D-tissue models. Our study highlights a balanced and local anti-viral immune response in the lung and persistent induction of TRM cells as an essential component for future protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection. Further, our data suggest that inclusion of multiple viral antigens in vaccine approaches may broaden the functional profile of memory T cells to combat the severity of coronavirus infection.
High-dose Intravenous Vitamin C (HDIVC) as Adjuvant Therapy in Critical Patients With Positive COVID-19. A Pilot Randomized Controlled Dose-comparison Trial. - Condition: Covid19
Interventions: Drug: High doses of intravenous vitamin C; Drug: Dextrose 500 mL
Sponsor: Hugo Galindo
Not yet recruiting
Developing and Testing a COVID-19 Vaccination Acceptance Intervention - Condition: COVID-19 Vaccination
Intervention: Behavioral: Moving to COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptance Intervention
Sponsors: VA Office of Research and Development; VA Bedford Healthcare System
Not yet recruiting
Study on Safety and Clinical Efficacy of AZVUDINE in Initial Stage COVID-19 Patients (SARS-CoV-2 Infected) - Condition: COVID-19
Interventions: Drug: AZVUDINE; Drug: AZVUDINE placebo
Sponsors: HRH Holdngs Limited; GALZU INSTITUTE OF RESEARCH, TEACHING, APPLIED SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, Brazil; SANTA CASA DE MISERICORDIA DE CAMPOS HOSPITAL (SCMCH), Brazil; UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL DO NORTE FLUMINENSE (UENF), Brazil
Not yet recruiting
Andrographis Paniculata vs Boesenbergia Rotunda vs Control in Asymptomatic COVID-19 - Condition: Covid19
Interventions: Drug: Andrographis Paniculata; Drug: Boesenbergia; Other: Standard supportive treatment
Sponsors: Mahidol University; Ministry of Health, Thailand
Not yet recruiting
A Study to Evaluate Change in Viral Load After OPN-019 in Adults With COVID-19 - Condition: Covid19
Intervention: Drug: OPN-019
Sponsor: Optinose US Inc.
Recruiting
Enhancing COVID Rehabilitation With Technology - Condition: Covid19
Interventions: Behavioral: NexJ Connected Wellness; Other: Usual Care
Sponsors: University of Ottawa; Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR); Ottawa Hospital Research Institute
Not yet recruiting
Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation in Long COVID-19 Patients With Persistent Breathlessness and Fatigue - Condition: COVID-19 Respiratory Infection
Intervention:
Other: Cardiopulmonary exercise training
Sponsor: Louis Bherer
Recruiting
Clinical Trial on Sequential Immunization of Recombinant COVID-19 Vaccine (CHO Cells) and Inactivated COVID-19 Vaccine (Vero Cells) in Population Aged 18 Years and Above - Conditions: COVID-19 Pneumonia; Coronavirus Infections
Interventions: Biological: Recombinant COVID-19 Vaccine (CHO cell); Biological: COVID-19 vaccine (Vero cells)
Sponsors:
National Vaccine and Serum Institute, China; China National Biotec Group Company Limited; Lanzhou Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd
Not yet recruiting
Treatment of Covid-19 With a Herbal Compound, Xagrotin - Condition: Covid19
Intervention: Combination Product: Xagrotin
Sponsors:
Biomad AS; Directorate of health of Sulaimani, Iraq -KRG
Completed
Comparison of Detection of SARS-CoV2 (COVID-19) Between Nasopharyngeal Swab Specimens and Those Obtained by Salivary Sputum - Condition: Covid19
Intervention: Diagnostic Test: Salivary test for COVID19
Sponsor: Centre Hospitalier de Cayenne
Active, not recruiting
Evaluation of Clinical and Antibody Response to Covid-19 Vaccination Strategy in TBRI, Egypt - Condition: Covid19
Intervention: Biological: Astrazenica vaccine
Sponsor:
Samia Hassan El-Shishtawy
Recruiting
Evaluation of the Efficacy, Safety and Immunogenicity of Inactivated COVID 19 Vaccine(TURKOVAC) in Healthy Population of 18 and 64 Years of Age (Both Inclusive):a Randomized, Double-blind, Phase IIb Clinical Trial - Condition: Covid19
Intervention: Biological: Triple dose vaccination by inactivated Covid19 vaccine
Sponsors: Health Institutes of Turkey; TC Erciyes University; Kocak Farma; Mene Research
Not yet recruiting
Tazemetostat for the Treatment of Moderate to Severe COVID-19 Infection - Conditions: COVID-19 Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome; Cytokine Release Syndrome
Intervention: Drug: Tazemetostat
Sponsor: Ciprian Gheorghe
Not yet recruiting
COVID-19 Vaccine Boosters in Patients With CKD - Conditions: Chronic Kidney Diseases; COVID-19
Interventions: Biological: Pfizer- BioNTech COVID-19 Vaccine; Biological: MODERNA SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine
Sponsors:
Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre; Sunnybrook Health Sciences Center; University Health Network, Toronto; Unity Health Toronto; Scarborough General Hospital; Providence Healthcare
Not yet recruiting
AT1001 for the Treatment of COVID-19 Related MIS-C - Conditions: Covid19; Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children
Interventions:
Drug: Larazotide Acetate; Drug: Placebo
Sponsor: Massachusetts General Hospital
Not yet recruiting
The effectiveness of early colchicine administration in patients over 60 years old with high risk of developing severe pulmonary complications associated with coronavirus pneumonia SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19): study protocol for an investigator-driven randomized controlled clinical trial in primary health care-COLCHICOVID study - BACKGROUND: There is no strong evidence that any drug is beneficial either for the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 disease or for post-exposure prophylaxis. Therefore, clinical research is crucial to generate results and evaluate strategies against COVID-19. Primary care (PC) centers, the first level of care in the health system, are in a favorable position to carry out clinical trials (CD), as they work with a large volume of patients with varied profiles (from acute to chronic pathologies). During the…
The effect of plant metabolites on coronaviruses: A comprehensive review focusing on their IC50 values and molecular docking scores - Coronaviruses have caused worldwide outbreaks in different periods. SARS (severe acute respiratory syndrome), was the first emerged virus from this family, followed by MERS (Middle East respiratory syndrome) and SARS-CoV-2 (2019-nCoV or COVID 19), which is newly emerged. Many studies have been conducted on the application of chemical and natural drugs for treating these coronaviruses and they are mostly focused on inhibiting the proteases of viruses or blocking their protein receptors through…
SARS-CoV-2 B.1.617.2 Delta variant replication and immune evasion - The SARS-CoV-2 B.1.617.2 (Delta) variant was first identified in the state of Maharashtra in late 2020 and spread throughout India, outcompeting pre-existing lineages including B.1.617.1 (Kappa) and B.1.1.7 (Alpha)¹. In vitro, B.1.617.2 is 6-fold less sensitive to serum neutralising antibodies from recovered individuals, and 8-fold less sensitive to vaccine-elicited antibodies as compared to wild type (WT) Wuhan-1 bearing D614G. Serum neutralising titres against B.1.617.2 were lower in ChAdOx-1…
Recent advances in management of COVID-19: A review - The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused and is still causing significant mortality and economic consequences all over the globe. As of today, there are three U.S Food and Drug administration (FDA) approved vaccines, Pfizer-BioNTech, Moderna and Janssen COVID-19 vaccine. Also, the antiviral drug remdesivir and two combinations of monoclonal antibodies are authorized for Emergency use (EUA) in certain patients. Furthermore, baricitinib was approved in Japan (April 23, 2021)….
Inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 infection by human defensin HNP1 and retrocyclin RC-101 - Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV)-2 is an enveloped virus responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic. The emergence of new potentially more transmissible and vaccine-resistant variants of SARS-CoV-2 is an ever-present threat. Thus, it remains essential to better understand innate immune mechanisms that can inhibit the virus. One component of the innate immune system with broad antipathogen, including antiviral, activity is a group of cationic immune peptides termed defensins….
Machine learning identifies molecular regulators and therapeutics for targeting SARS-CoV2-induced cytokine release - Although 15-20% of COVID-19 patients experience hyper-inflammation induced by massive cytokine production, cellular triggers of this process and strategies to target them remain poorly understood. Here, we show that the N-terminal domain (NTD) of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein substantially induces multiple inflammatory molecules in myeloid cells and human PBMCs. Using a combination of phenotypic screening with machine learning-based modeling, we identified and experimentally validated several…
Evaluation of Photobiogoverning Role of Blue Light Irradiation on Viral Replication - Most recently, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 has triggered a global pandemic without successful therapeutics. The goal of present study was to define the antiviral effect and therapeutic action of blue light irradiation in SARS-CoV-2-infected cells. Vero cells were infected with SARS-CoV-2 (NCCP43326) or mock inoculum at 50 pfu/well. After blue light irradiation, inhibitory effect was assessed by qPCR and plaque reduction assay. When Vero cells were irradiated to blue light…
Cannabidiol and the corticoraphe circuit in post-traumatic stress disorder - Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), characterized by re-experiencing, avoidance, negative affect, and impaired memory processing, may develop after traumatic events. PTSD is complicated by impaired plasticity and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) activity, hyperactivity of the amygdala, and impaired fear extinction. Cannabidiol (CBD) is a promising candidate for treatment due to its multimodal action that enhances plasticity and calms hyperexcitability. CBD’s mechanism in the mPFC of PTSD…
Therapeutic potential of anticoagulant therapy in association with cytokine storm inhibition in severe cases of COVID-19: A case report - Inflammation and coagulation are considered to the development of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-related hypoxemia. However, this is still controversial, which brings challenges to clinical treatment. Here, we reviewed the levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), coagulation indexes, and clinical manifestations of a patient with severe COVID-19 after Tocilizumab administration. In this case, the patient’s body temperature quickly dropped to normal after using Tocilizumab, while C reactive protein…
Humoral Responses to Single-Dose BNT162b2 mRNA Vaccination in Dialysis Patients Previously Infected With SARS- CoV-2 - Seroconversion rates following infection and vaccination are lower in dialysis patients compared to healthy controls. There is an urgent need for the characterization of humoral responses and success of a single-dose SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in previously infected dialysis patients. We performed a dual-center cohort study comparing three different groups: 25 unvaccinated hemodialysis patients after PCR-confirmed COVID-19 (Group 1), 43 hemodialysis patients after two-time BNT162b2 vaccination…
The Novel Drug Discovery to Combat COVID-19 by Repressing Important Virus Proteins Involved in Pathogenesis Using Medicinal Herbal Compounds - CONCLUSION: In addition to having high affinity, these herb active ingredients have antioxidant, vasoprotective, anticarcinogenic, and antiviral properties. Therefore, they can be used as extremely safe therapeutic compounds in drug design studies to control COVID-19.
Remdesivir and Cyclosporine Synergistically Inhibit the Human Coronaviruses OC43 and SARS-CoV-2 - Remdesivir, a prodrug targeting RNA-dependent-RNA-polymerase, and cyclosporine, a calcineurin inhibitor, individually exerted inhibitory activity against human coronavirus OC43 (HCoV-OC43) in HCT-8 and MRC-5 cells at EC(50) values of 96 ± 34 ∼ 85 ± 23 nM and 2,920 ± 364 ∼ 4,419 ± 490 nM, respectively. When combined, these two drugs synergistically inhibited HCoV-OC43 in both HCT-8 and MRC-5 cells assayed by immunofluorescence assay (IFA). Remdesivir and cyclosporine also separately reduced IL-6…
A potently neutralizing SARS-CoV-2 antibody inhibits variants of concern by utilizing unique binding residues in a highly conserved epitope - With the emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants with increased transmissibility and potential resistance, antibodies and vaccines with broadly inhibitory activity are needed. Here, we developed a panel of neutralizing anti-SARS-CoV-2 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that bound the receptor binding domain of the spike protein at distinct epitopes and blocked virus attachment to its host receptor, human angiotensin converting enzyme-2 (hACE2). Although…
Real Nano “Light Vaccine” Will Benefit to COVID-19 Pandemic Control - This highlight presents a recent technique of “Light Vaccine” for COVID-19 pandemic control. Though this technique has the germicidal advantage to SARS-CoV-2, its shortcomings will limit the wide and in-depth application. We make a perspective of real nano light vaccine, which will play an important role in the prevention and control of COVID-19. Briefly, This flow chart described the MWCNT was fabricated with strong acid and base conditional mixture in order to achieve the p-WCNT (chemical…
The Mechanisms of the Growth Inhibitory Effects of Paclitaxel on Gefitinib-resistant Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Cells - CONCLUSION: Paclitaxel may be a promising anticancer drug and offer a new therapeutic strategy for managing gefitinib- resistant NSCLC during the COVID-19 pandemic.
MACHINE LEARNING TECHNIQUE TO ANALYSE THE CONDITION OF COVID-19 PATIENTS BASED ON THEIR SATURATION LEVELS - - link
A HERB BASED COMPOSITION ANTI VIRAL MEDICINE FOR TREATMENT OF SARS COV 2 AND A METHOD FOR TREATING A PERSON INFECTED BY THE SARS COV 2 VIRUS - A Herbal composition, viz., PONNU MARUNTHU essentially comprising of ALLUIUM CEPA extract. [concentrated to 30%] 75%, SAPINDUS MUKOROSSI - extract [Optimised] 10%, CITRUS X LIMON - extract in its natural form 05 TRACYSPERMUM AMMI (L) – extract 07%,ROSA HYBRIDA - extract 03%, PONNU MARUNTHU solution 50 ml, or as a capsulated PONNU MARUNTHU can be given to SARS cov2 positive Patients, three times a day that is ½ an hour before food; continued for 3 days to 5 days and further taking it for 2 days if need be there; It will completely cure a person. When the SARS cov2 test shows negative this medicine can be discontinued. This indigenous medicine and method for treating a person inflicted with SARS COV 2 viral infection is quite effective in achieving of much needed remedy for the patients and saving precious lives from the pangs of death and ensuring better health of people. - link
Anti-Sars-Cov-2 Neutralizing Antibodies - - link
Expression Vector for Anti-Sars-Cov-2 Neutralizing Antibodies - - link
DEVELOPMENT OF CNN SCHEME FOR COVID-19 DISEASE DETECTION USING CHEST RADIOGRAPH - - link
SARS-COV-2 BINDING PROTEINS - - link
A PROCESS FOR PREPARING MONTELUKAST SODIUM FOR TREATING COVID 19 PATIENTS - - link
IDENTIFICATION OF ANTI-COVID 19 AGENT SOMNIFERINE AS INHIBITOR OF MPRO & ACE2-RBD INTERACTION - - link
一种脂质化合物及包含其的脂质载体、核酸脂质纳米粒组合物和药物制剂 - 本发明属于基因治疗技术领域，具体涉及一系列脂质化合物及包含其的脂质载体、核酸脂质纳米粒组合物和药物制剂。本发明提供的具有式（I）结构的化合物，可与其它脂质化合物共同制备脂质载体，展现出pH响应性，对核酸药物的包封效率高，大大提升了核酸药物在体内的递送效率；而且，可根据核酸药物需要富集的器官而选用特定结构的脂质化合物作为脂质载体，具有良好的市场应用前景。 - link
一种联合检测IgG、IgM和中和抗体的试纸条及其制备方法、试剂盒 - 本申请涉及生物医学检测技术领域，具体涉及一种联合检测IgG、IgM和中和抗体的试纸条及其制备方法、试剂盒。所述试纸条包括第一检测部和第二检测部，均包括有底板以及设置在底板上并依次连接的样品垫、结合垫、检测垫和吸水垫；所述第一检测部的结合垫上包被有胶体金标记的N抗原和S抗原，所述第一检测部的检测垫上设有第一检测线和第二检测线；所述第二检测部的样品垫上包被有ACE2，所述第二检测部的结合垫上包被有胶体金标记的S‑RBD抗原，所述第二检测部的检测垫上设置有第三检测线。本申请能实现现场高准确度快检，检测人员只需要使用一个试纸条就可以准确测定机体中IgG、IgM和中和抗体。 - link