Covid-19 Sentry

Contents

• From Preprints
• From Clinical Trials
• From PubMed
• From Patent Search

From Preprints

• Automatic COVID-19 Detection from chest radiographic images using Convolutional Neural Network -

  The global pandemic of the novel coronavirus that started in Wuhan, China has affected more than 2 million people worldwide and caused more than 130,000 tragic deaths. To date, the COVID-19 virus is still spreading and affecting thousands of people. The main problem with testing for COVID-19 is that there are very few test kits available for a large number of affected or suspicious individuals. This leads to the need for automatic detection systems that use artificial intelligence. Deep learning is one of the most powerful AI tools available, so we recommend creating a convolutional neural network to detect COVID-19 positive patients from chest radiographs. According to previous studies, lung X-rays of COVID-19-positive patients show obvious characteristics, so this is a reliable method for testing patients because X-ray examination of suspicious patients is easier than rt-PCR. Our model has been trained with 820 chest radiographic images (excluding data augmentation) collected from 3 databases, with a classification accuracy of 99.61% (training accuracy of 99.59%), the sensitivity of 99.21%, and specificity of 99.29 %, proved that our model has become a reliable COVID-19 detector.

  🖺 Full Text HTML: Automatic COVID-19 Detection from chest radiographic images using Convolutional Neural Network
• Automatic COVID-19 Detection from chest radiographic images using Convolutional Neural Network -

  The global pandemic of the novel coronavirus that started in Wuhan, China has affected more than 2 million people worldwide and caused more than 130,000 tragic deaths. To date, the COVID-19 virus is still spreading and affecting thousands of people. The main problem with testing for COVID-19 is that there are very few test kits available for a large number of affected or suspicious individuals. This leads to the need for automatic detection systems that use artificial intelligence. Deep learning is one of the most powerful AI tools available, so we recommend creating a convolutional neural network to detect COVID-19 positive patients from chest radiographs. According to previous studies, lung X-rays of COVID-19-positive patients show obvious characteristics, so this is a reliable method for testing patients because X-ray examination of suspicious patients is easier than rt-PCR. Our model has been trained with 820 chest radiographic images (excluding data augmentation) collected from 3 databases, with a classification accuracy of 99.61% (training accuracy of 99.59%), the sensitivity of 99.21%, and specificity of 99.29 %, proved that our model has become a reliable COVID-19 detector.

  🖺 Full Text HTML: Automatic COVID-19 Detection from chest radiographic images using Convolutional Neural Network
• What’s happening in open science? -
  Featuring the questionable transparency of some COVID-19 data, retraction notices and clinical trial results, what COVID-19 has taught us about open access, a centralized archive of COVID-19 preprints, and how the pandemic may affect the public’s trust in science.
  🖺 Full Text HTML: What’s happening in open science?
• Let’s Do Better: Public Representations of COVID-19 Science -
  COVID science is being both done and circulated at a furious pace. While it is inspiring to see the research community responding so vigorously to the pandemic crisis, all this activity has also created a churning sea of bad data, conflicting results, and exaggerated headlines. With representations of science becoming increasingly polarized, twisted and hyped, there is growing concern that the relevant science is being represented to the public in a manner that may cause confusion, inappropriate expectations, and the erosion of public trust. Here we explore some of the key issues associated with the representations of science in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Many of these issues are not new. But the COVID-19 pandemic has placed a spotlight on the biomedical research process and amplified the adverse ramifications of poor public communication. We need to do better. As such, we conclude with ten recommendations aimed at key actors involved in the communication of COVID-19 science, including government, funders, universities, publishers, media and the research communities.
  🖺 Full Text HTML: Let’s Do Better: Public Representations of COVID-19 Science
• Comparison of seven commercial SARS-CoV-2 rapid Point-of-Care Antigen tests -

  Background Antigen point of care tests (AgPOCT) can accelerate SARS-CoV-2 testing. As first AgPOCT are becoming available, there is a growing interest in their utility and performance. Methods Here we compare AgPOCT products by seven suppliers: the Abbott Panbio COVID-19 Ag Rapid Test; the RapiGEN BIOCREDIT COVID-19 Ag; the Healgen Coronavirus Ag Rapid Test Cassette (Swab); the Coris Bioconcept Covid.19 Ag Respi-Strip; the R-Biopharm RIDA QUICK SARS-CoV-2 Antigen; the NAL von minden NADAL COVID19-Ag Test; and the Roche/SD Biosensor SARS-CoV Rapid Antigen Test. Tests were evaluated on recombinant nucleoprotein, cultured endemic and emerging coronaviruses, stored clinical samples with known SARS-CoV-2 viral loads (n=138), stored samples from patients with respiratory agents other than SARS-CoV-2 (n=100), as well as self-sampled swabs from healthy volunteers (n=35). Findings Limits of detection in six of seven tested products ranged between 2.08 X 106 and 2.88 X 107 copies per swab, the outlier at 1.58 X 1010 copies per swab. Specificities ranged between 98.53% and 100% in five products, with two outliers at 94.85% and 88.24%. False positive results were not associated with any specific respiratory agent. As some of the tested AgPOCT were early production lots, the observed issues with specificity are unlikely to persist. Interpretation The sensitivity range of most AgPOCT overlaps with viral load figures typically observed during the first week of symptoms, which marks the infectious period in the majority patients. AgPOCTs with a limit of detection that approximates the virus concentration above which patients are infectious may enable shortcuts in decision-making in various areas of healthcare and public health.

  🖺 Full Text HTML: Comparison of seven commercial SARS-CoV-2 rapid Point-of-Care Antigen tests
• An evolutionary analysis of the SARS-CoV-2 genomes from the countries in the same meridian -
  In the current study we analyzed the genomes of SARS-CoV-2 strains isolated from Italy, Sweden, Congo (countries in the same meridian) and Brazil, as outgroup country. Evolutionary analysis revealed codon 9628 under episodic selective pressure for all four countries, suggesting it as a key site for the virus evolution. Belonging to the P0DTD3 (Y14_SARS2) uncharacterized protein 14, further investigation has been conducted showing the codon mutation as responsible for the helical modification in the secondary structure. According to the predictions done, the codon is placed into the more ordered region of the gene (41-59) and close the area acting as transmembrane (54-67), suggesting its involvement into the attachment phase of the virus. The predicted structures of P0DTD3 mutated and not confirmed the importance of the codon to define the protein structure and the ontological analysis of the protein emphasized that the mutation enhances the binding probability.
  🖺 Full Text HTML: An evolutionary analysis of the SARS-CoV-2 genomes from the countries in the same meridian
• Estimates of regional infectivity of COVID-19 in the United Kingdom following imposition of social distancing measures -

  The SARS-CoV-2 reproduction number has become an essential parameter for monitoring disease transmission across settings and guiding interventions. The UK published weekly estimates of the reproduction number in the UK starting in May 2020 which are formed from multiple independent estimates. In this paper, we describe methods used to estimate the time-varying SARS-CoV-2 reproduction number for the UK. We used multiple data sources and estimated a serial interval distribution from published studies. We describe regional variability and how estimates evolved during the early phases of the outbreak, until the relaxing of social distancing measures began to be introduced in early July. Our analysis is able to guide localised control and provides a longitudinal example of applying these methods over long timescales.

  🖺 Full Text HTML: Estimates of regional infectivity of COVID-19 in the United Kingdom following imposition of social distancing measures
• In Vitro Activity of Itraconazole Against SARS-CoV-2 -
  Background: As long as there is no vaccine available, having access to inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 will be of utmost importance. Antivirals against coronaviruses do not exist, hence global drug re-purposing efforts have been carried out to identify agents that may provide clinical benefit to patients with COVID-19. Itraconazole, an antifungal agent, has been reported to have potential activity against animal coronaviruses. Methods: Using cell-based phenotypic assays, the in vitro antiviral activity of itraconazole and 17-OH itraconazole was assessed against clinical isolates from a German and Belgian patient infected with SARS-CoV-2. Results: Itraconazole demonstrated antiviral activity in human Caco-2 cells (EC50 = 2.3 M; MTT assay). Similarly, its primary metabolite, 17-OH itraconazole, showed inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 activity (EC50 = 3.6 M). Remdesivir inhibited viral replication with an EC50 = 0.4 M. Itraconazole and 17-OH itraconazole resulted in a viral yield reduction in vitro of approximately 2-log10 and approximately 1-log10, as measured in both Caco-2 cells and VeroE6-eGFP cells, respectively. The viral yield reduction brought about by remdesivir or GS-441524 (parent nucleoside of the antiviral prodrug remdesivir; positive control) was more pronounced, with an approximately 3 log10 drop and >4 log10 drop in Caco-2 cells and VeroE6-eGFP cells, respectively. Discussion: Itraconazole and 17-OH itraconazole exert in vitro low micromolar activity against SARS-CoV-2. Despite the in vitro antiviral activity, itraconazole did not result in a beneficial effect in hospitalized COVID-19 patients in a clinical study (EudraCT Number: 2020-001243-15).
  🖺 Full Text HTML: In Vitro Activity of Itraconazole Against SARS-CoV-2
• The Preclinical Inhibitor GS441524 in Combination with GC376 Efficaciously Inhibited the Proliferation of SARS-CoV-2 in the Mouse Respiratory Tract -
  The unprecedented coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is a serious threat to global public health. Development of effective therapies against SARS-CoV-2 is urgently needed. Here, we evaluated the antiviral activity of a remdesivir parent nucleotide analog, GS441524, which targets the coronavirus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase enzyme, and a feline coronavirus prodrug, GC376, which targets its main protease, using a mouse-adapted SARS-CoV-2 infected mouse model. Our results showed that GS441524 effectively blocked the proliferation of SARS-CoV-2 in the mouse upper and lower respiratory tracts via combined intranasal (i.n.) and intramuscular (i.m.) treatment. However, the ability of high-dose GC376 (i.m. or i.n. and i.m.) was weaker than GS441524. Notably, low-dose combined application of GS441524 with GC376 could effectively protect mice against SARS-CoV-2 infection via i.n. or i.n. and i.m. treatment. Moreover, we found that the pharmacokinetic properties of GS441524 is better than GC376, and combined application of GC376 and GS441524 had a synergistic effect. Our findings support the further evaluation of the combined application of GC376 and GS441524 in future clinical studies.
  🖺 Full Text HTML: The Preclinical Inhibitor GS441524 in Combination with GC376 Efficaciously Inhibited the Proliferation of SARS-CoV-2 in the Mouse Respiratory Tract
• The Virucidal Efficacy of Oral Rinse Components Against SARS-CoV-2 In Vitro -
  The ability of widely-available mouthwashes to inactivate SARS-CoV-2 in vitro was tested using a protocol capable of detecting a 5-log10 reduction in infectivity, under conditions mimicking the naso/oropharynx. During a 30 second exposure, two rinses containing cetylpyridinium chloride and a third with ethanol/ethyl lauroyl arginate eliminated live virus to EN14476 standards (>4-log10 reduction), while others with ethanol/essential oils and povidone-iodine (PVP-I) eliminated virus by 2-3-log10. Chlorhexidine or ethanol alone had little or no ability to inactivate virus in this assay. Studies are warranted to determine whether these formulations can inactivate virus in the human oropharynx in vivo, and whether this might impact transmission.
  🖺 Full Text HTML: The Virucidal Efficacy of Oral Rinse Components Against SARS-CoV-2 In Vitro
• Molecular basis for a germline-biased neutralizing antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 -
  The SARS-CoV-2 viral spike (S) protein mediates attachment and entry into host cells and is a major target of vaccine and drug design. Potent SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies derived from closely related antibody heavy chain genes (IGHV3-53 or 3-66) have been isolated from multiple COVID-19 convalescent individuals. These usually contain minimal somatic mutations and bind the S receptor-binding domain (RBD) to interfere with attachment to the cellular receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). We used antigen-specific single B cell sorting to isolate S-reactive monoclonal antibodies from the blood of a COVID-19 convalescent individual. The seven most potent neutralizing antibodies were somatic variants of the same IGHV3-53-derived antibody and bind the RBD with varying affinity. We report X-ray crystal structures of four Fab variants bound to the RBD and use the structures to explain the basis for changes in RBD affinity. We show that a germline revertant antibody binds tightly to the SARS-CoV-2 RBD and neutralizes virus, and that gains in affinity for the RBD do not necessarily correlate with increased neutralization potency, suggesting that somatic mutation is not required to exert robust antiviral effect. Our studies clarify the molecular basis for a heavily germline-biased human antibody response to SARS-CoV-2.
  🖺 Full Text HTML: Molecular basis for a germline-biased neutralizing antibody response to SARS-CoV-2
• Evolution of Physical Activity Habits After a Context Change: the Case of COVID-19 Lockdown -
  This study examines the evolution of physical activity habits across the Spring COVID-19 lockdown.
  🖺 Full Text HTML: Evolution of Physical Activity Habits After a Context Change: the Case of COVID-19 Lockdown
• The Role of Trust and Information in Protective Behaviors and Conspiracy Belief during the COVID-19 Pandemic -
  The COVID-19 pandemic is a public health crisis, and in order to halt it, the spread of the virus needs to be curbed. The World Health Organization and governments have put forward protective guidelines to stop the spread, but adherence to these guidelines is still variable. Through a large survey in twelve countries worldwide (N = 7,755), we show that the information about COVID-19 which is accurate and trustworthy is paramount for the adherence to protective guidelines. Specifically, adherence to safety precautions is predicted by concern, gender, perceived risk, perceived knowledge, and trust in scientists. Adherence to self-centered protective behaviors was predicted by distrust in one’s country’s government and the conspiracy belief that the virus is artificially made. Conspiracy thinking was predicted by distrust in scientists and governments globally, and trust in social media, whereas perceived knowledge was associated with trust in national institutions’ websites.
  🖺 Full Text HTML: The Role of Trust and Information in Protective Behaviors and Conspiracy Belief during the COVID-19 Pandemic
• Non-COVID-19 patients in times of pandemic: decreased emergency department visits and increased out-of-hospital mortality in Northern Italy -

  Objective. The aim of this was to assess the short-term impact of the pandemic on non-COVID-19 patients living in a one-million inhabitants area in Northern Italy (Bologna Metropolitan Area-BMA), analyzing time trends of Emergency Department (ED) visits, hospitalizations and mortality. Methods. We conducted a retrospective observational study using data extracted from BMA healthcare informative systems. Weekly trends of ED visits, hospitalizations, in- and out-of-hospital, all-cause and cause-specific mortality between December 1st, 2019 to May 31st, 2020, were compared with those of the same period of the previous year, using Joinpoint regression models and incidence rate ratios. Results. Non-COVID-19 ED visits and hospitalizations showed a stable trend until the first Italian case of COVID-19 has been recorded, on February 19th, 2020, when they dropped simultaneously. The reduction of ED visits was observed in all age groups and across all severity and diagnosis groups. In the lockdown period a significant increase was found in overall out-of-hospital mortality (43.2%) and cause-specific out-of-hospital mortality related to neoplasms (76.7%), endocrine, nutritional and metabolic (79.5%) as well as cardiovascular (32.7%) diseases. Conclusions. The pandemic caused a sudden drop of ED visits and hospitalizations of non-COVID-19 patients during the lockdown period, and a concurrent increase in out-of-hospital mortality mainly driven by deaths for neoplasms, cardiovascular and endocrine diseases. The findings of this study might be useful to understand both the population reaction and the healthcare system response at the early phases of the pandemic in terms of reduced demand of care and systems capability in intercepting it.

  🖺 Full Text HTML: Non-COVID-19 patients in times of pandemic: decreased emergency department visits and increased out-of-hospital mortality in Northern Italy
• SARS-CoV-2 infects cells following viral entry via clathrin-mediated endocytosis -
  With more than 51 million cases and 1.3 million deaths, and with the resulting social upheaval, the COVID-19 pandemic presents one of the greatest challenges ever to human society. It is thus vital to fully understand the biology of SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent of COVID-19. SARS-CoV-2 uses its spike glycoprotein to interact with the cell surface as a first step in the infection process. Using purified spike glycoprotein and lentivirus pseudotyped with spike glycoprotein, we now demonstrate that following engagement with the plasma membrane, SARS-CoV-2 undergoes rapid clathrin-mediated endocytosis. This suggests that transfer of viral RNA to the cell cytosol occurs from the lumen of the endosomal system, and importantly clathrin-heavy chain knockdown, which blocks clathrin-mediated endocytosis, reduces viral infectivity. This discovery reveals important new information about the basic biology of SARS-CoV-2 infectivity.
  🖺 Full Text HTML: SARS-CoV-2 infects cells following viral entry via clathrin-mediated endocytosis

From Clinical Trials

• A Study Evaluating the Efficacy and Safety of CKD-314 in Hospitalized Adult Patients Diagnosed With COVID-19 Pneumonia - Condition:   COVID-19
  Intervention:   Drug: Nafamostat Mesilate
  Sponsor:   Chong Kun Dang Pharmaceutical
  Not yet recruiting

• Phase III Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Study of AZD7442 for Post- Exposure Prophylaxis of COVID-19 in Adults - Condition:   COVID-19
  Interventions:   Drug: AZD7442;   Drug: Placebo
  Sponsors:   AstraZeneca;   QuintilesIMS
  Not yet recruiting

• Phase III Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Study of AZD7442 for Pre-exposure Prophylaxis of COVID-19 in Adult. - Condition:   COVID-19
  Interventions:   Drug: AZD7442;   Drug: Placebo
  Sponsors:   AstraZeneca;   QuintilesIMS
  Not yet recruiting

• Effectiveness and Safety of Rhea Health Tone® as add-on Therapy for COVID-19 in Hospitalized Adults in Indonesia - Condition:   Covid19
  Intervention:   Dietary Supplement: Rhea Health Tone®
  Sponsors:   Universitas Padjadjaran;   PT. Rhea Pharmaceutical Sciences Indonesia;   Prodia Diacro Laboratories P.T.
  Not yet recruiting

• Clarithromycin Versus Azithromycin in Treatment of Mild COVID-19 Infection - Condition:   Covid19
  Interventions:   Drug: Clarithromycin 500mg;   Drug: Azithromycin;   Drug: Placebo
  Sponsor:   South Valley University
  Completed

• Intravenous Infusion of CAP-1002 in Patients With COVID-19 - Condition:   Covid19
  Interventions:   Biological: CAP-1002;   Biological: Placebo
  Sponsor:   Capricor Inc.
  Recruiting

• Hyperimmune Plasma for Patients With COVID-19 - Condition:   Covid19
  Intervention:   Other: treated with hyperimmune plasma
  Sponsor:   ANNA FALANGA
  Recruiting

• Ultramicronized Palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) Treatment in Hospitalized Participants With COVID-19 - Condition:   COVID-19
  Interventions:   Drug: FSD201;   Drug: Placebo
  Sponsor:   FSD Pharma, Inc.
  Not yet recruiting

• Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Patients Diagnosed With COVID-19 - Condition:   Covid19
  Interventions:   Biological: MSC;   Drug: Control
  Sponsors:   Hospital Reg. Lic. Adolfo Lopez Mateos;   Instituto de Terapia Celular: ITC
  Recruiting

• Safety and Immunogenicity of COVI-VAC, a Live Attenuated Vaccine Against COVID-19 - Condition:   COVID-19
  Interventions:   Biological: COVI-VAC;   Other: Placebo
  Sponsor:   Codagenix, Inc
  Not yet recruiting

• Efficacy of Probiotics in Reducing Duration and Symptoms of COVID-19 (PROVID-19) - Condition:   COVID-19
  Interventions:   Dietary Supplement: Probiotics (2 strains 10x10^9 UFC);   Dietary Supplement: Placebo (potato starch and magnesium stearate)
  Sponsors:   Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke;   Lallemand Health Solutions
  Not yet recruiting

• Prevention With Chloroquine in Health Personnel Exposed to Infection With Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) (TS-COVID) - Condition:   Covid19
  Intervention:   Drug: Chloroquine
  Sponsor:   Fundacion Clinica Valle del Lili
  Active, not recruiting

• Randomised Study of Plasma Exchange in Severe COVID-19 - Condition:   COVID19
  Intervention:   Drug: OCTAPLAS
  Sponsor:   University College, London
  Recruiting

• Hyperbaric Oxygen for COVID-19 Patients With Moderate to Severe Respiratory Distress - Condition:   Covid19
  Intervention:   Device: Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy (HBOT)
  Sponsor:   NYU Langone Health
  Not yet recruiting

• Chronic Lung Disease and COVID-19: Understanding Severity, Recovery and Rehabilitation Needs - Condition:   COVID-19
  Intervention:   Other: Rehabilitation-focused program
  Sponsor:   VA Office of Research and Development
  Not yet recruiting

From PubMed

• Therapeutic Approach against 2019-nCoV by Inhibition of ACE-2 Receptor - The continued spread of 2019-nCoV has prompted widespread concern around the world. WHO formally named COVID-19 and International Committee on Taxonomy called it Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Due to this viral attack, the whole world is in lockdown. Presently, there is no effective way to control it, except social distancing and hygienic activity. World class scientists and researchers are trying to make vaccine and discover the medicine against the control and…

• Peptide modelling and screening against human ACE2 and spike glycoprotein RBD of SARS-CoV-2 - Outbreak of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a great challenge for scientific community globally. Virus enters cell through spike glycoprotein fusion with ACE2 (Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2) human receptor. Hence, spike glycoprotein of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a potential target for diagnostics, vaccines, and antibodies. Also, virus entry can be prevented by blocking ACE2 thus, ACE2 can be considered potential target for therapeutics. As…

• Molecular targeting of vulnerable RNA sequences in SARS CoV-2: identifying clinical feasibility - Covid-19 (SARS CoV-2) has become a deadly, world-wide pandemic. Although most who are infected survive, complications from the virus can be pronounced and long-lasting. To date, of all the respiratory viruses including influenza and coronaviruses, only influenza has had a drug (i.e., Tamiflu) specifically targeted to treat and prevent infection. As a result, additional agents that specifically target viral production and are clinically feasible are needed to alleviate respiratory viral…

• Identification of a repurposed drug as an inhibitor of Spike protein of human coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 by computational methods - Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) is an emerging new viral pathogen that causes severe respiratory disease. SARS-CoV-2 is responsible for the outbreak of COVID-19 pandemic worldwide. As there are no confirmed antiviral drugs or vaccines currently available for the treatment of COVID-19, discovering potent inhibitors or vaccines are urgently required for the benefit of humanity. The glycosylated Spike protein (S-protein) directly interacts with human…

• The SKI complex is a broad-spectrum, host-directed antiviral drug target for coronaviruses, influenza, and filoviruses - The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has made it clear that we have a desperate need for antivirals. We present work that the mammalian SKI complex is a broad-spectrum, host-directed, antiviral drug target. Yeast suppressor screening was utilized to find a functional genetic interaction between proteins from influenza A virus (IAV) and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) with eukaryotic proteins that may be potential host factors involved in replication. This screening identified the SKI…

• Recent Advances in Discovery of Potent Proteases Inhibitors Targeting the SARS Coronaviruses - Across the globe, countries are being challenged by the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic in ways they have never been before. Global outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 with an uncertain fatality rate has imposed extreme challenges on global health. The World Health Organization (WHO) has officially declared the outbreak of COVID-19 a pandemic, after the disease caused by the new coronavirus spread to more than 100 countries. To date, various therapeutic approaches has been proposed and are being implemented…

• High-Throughput Screening of an FDA-Approved Drug Library Identifies Inhibitors against Arenaviruses and SARS-CoV-2 - Arenaviruses are a large family of enveloped negative-strand RNA viruses that include several causative agents of severe hemorrhagic fevers. Currently, there are no FDA-licensed drugs to treat arenavirus infection except for the off-labeled use of ribavirin. Here, we performed antiviral drug screening against the Old World arenavirus lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) using an FDA-approved drug library. Five drug candidates were identified, including mycophenolic acid, benidipine…

• Necrostatin-1 and necroptosis inhibition: pathophysiology and therapeutic implications - Necrostatin-1 (Nec-1) is a RIP1-targeted inhibitor of necroptosis, a form of programmed cell death discovered and investigated in recent years. There are already many studies demonstrating the essential role of necroptosis in various diseases, including inflammatory diseases, cardiovascular diseases and neurological diseases. However, the potential of Nec-1 in diseases has not received much attention. Nec-1 is able to inhibit necroptosis signaling pathway and thus ameliorate necroptotic cell…

• Russelioside B; A Pregnane Glycoside for Treatment of Gastric Ulcer via Modulation of Heat Shock Protein-70 and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor - Gastric ulcers are a very common public health problem affecting up to 10% worldwide. Russelioside B is a steroidal glycoside isolated from several Caralluma species. No study tested the ulcer healing potential of the compound. The current study aimed to assess the protective effect of russelioside B against ethanol-induced gastric mucosal injury in rats. Ulcer was induced on rats by a single intragastric dose of absolute ethanol (5 mL/kg). Rats were randomly assorted into four groups (n=8) and…

• In silico analysis of selected alkaloids against main protease (M(pro)) of COVID-19 - In the present situation, COVID-19 has become the global health concern due to its high contagious nature. It initially appeared in December 2019 in Wuhan, China and now affected more than 190 countries. As of now preventive measures are the sole solution to stop this disease for further transmission from person to person transmissions as there is no effective treatment or vaccine available to date. Research and development of new molecule is a laborious process; therefore, drug repurposing can…

• Quercetin and Its Metabolites Inhibit Recombinant Human Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) Activity - Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is a host receptor for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Inhibiting the interaction between the envelope spike glycoproteins (S-proteins) of SARS-CoV-2 and ACE2 is a potential antiviral therapeutic approach, but little is known about how dietary compounds interact with ACE2. The objective of this study was to determine if flavonoids and other polyphenols with B-ring 3’,4’-hydroxylation inhibit recombinant human (rh)ACE2 activity….

• Human coronavirus dependency on host heat shock protein 90 reveals an antiviral target - Rapid accumulation of viral proteins in host cells render viruses highly dependent on cellular chaperones including heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90). Three highly pathogenic human coronaviruses, including MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2, have emerged in the past 2 decades. However, there is no approved antiviral agent against these coronaviruses. We inspected the role of Hsp90 for coronavirus propagation. First, an Hsp90 inhibitor, 17-AAG, significantly suppressed MERS-CoV propagation in cell…

• COVID-19 Outbreak: Pathogenesis, Current Therapies, and Potentials for Future Management - At the end of 2019, a novel coronavirus (CoV) was found at the seafood market of Hubei province in Wuhan, China, and this virus was officially named coronavirus diseases 2019 (COVID-19) by World Health Organization (WHO). COVID-19 is mainly characterized by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV2) and creates public health concerns as well as significant threats to the economy around the world. Unfortunately, the pathogenesis of COVID-19 is unclear and there is no effective…

• Engineered trimeric ACE2 binds viral spike protein and locks it in “Three-up” conformation to potently inhibit SARS-CoV-2 infection - No abstract

• Pharmacophore modelling of vanillin derivatives, favipiravir, chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, monolaurin and tetrodotoxin as M(Pro) inhibitors of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) - OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to use Ligand-based pharmacophore modelling approach for four established antiviral drugs, namely remdesivir, lopinavir, ritonavir and hydroxychloroquine for COVID-19 inhibitors as training sets. In this study Twenty vanillin derivatives together with monolaurin and tetrodotoxin were used as test sets to evaluate as potential SARS-CoV-2 inhibitors. The Structure-based pharmacophore modelling approach was also performed using 5RE6, 5REX and 5RFZ in order to…

From Patent Search

• AN EFFICIENT METHODOLOGY TO MANAGE THE ADMISSIONS IN HOSPITALS DURING THE PANDEMICS SUCH AS COVID 19 -

• SARS-CoV-2 예방을 위한 mRNA기반 항원보강제 혼합물 합성 방법 - 본 발명은 SARS-CoV-2(코로나 바이러스) 예방을 위한 mRNA 항원보강제에 관한 것으로 코로나 바이러스에 대한 백신으로서 상기의 항원에 대한 예방을 목적으로 하고 있다. 아이디어에는 보강제에 해당하는 완전프로인트항원보강제(CFA)와 불완전프로인트항원보강제(IFA), 번역과 안정성의 최적화가 된 mRNA, mRNA 운반체, 양이온성 지질 나노입자(lipid nanoparticles)로 구성되며 기존의 백신에 비해 효율성과 안정성의 측면에서 더 향상된 효과를 가지고 있다.

• Methods for treating Arenaviridae and Coronaviridae virus infections - Provided are methods for treating Arenaviridae and Coronaviridae virus infections by administering nucleosides and prodrugs thereof, of Formula I:

wherein the ’ position of the nucleoside sugar is substituted. The compounds, compositions, and methods provided are particularly useful for the treatment of Lassa virus and Junin virus infections.

• Atemschutz-Baukastensystem -

  Atemschutz-Baukastensystem, das aufweist:

• eine auf zumindest Mund und Nase einer Person aufsetzbare Maske (1), die einen Eingang (11) und einen Ausgang (12) aufweist, und
• mindestens einen Schlauch (3, 31, 32),
• wobei sämtliche Komponenten des Atemschutz-Baukastensystems modular ausgebildet und über Steckverbindungen oder Schraubverbindungen (115, 125, 155, 165, 175, 215, 315, 75, 915) miteinander verbindbar sind, um der Maske (1) Luft über deren Eingang (11) zuzuführen und/oder ausgeatmete Luft vom Ausgang (12) der Maske (1) wegzuführen.

• Vorrichtung zur Übergabe und Dekontamination von mit Krankheitserregern kontaminierten Gegenständen oder Erzeugnissen -

  Vorrichtung zur Übergabe von mit Krankheitserregern kontaminierten Gegenständen oder Erzeugnissen nach einer Dekontamination, umfassend eine Einrichtung zur Dekontamination der mit Krankheitserregern kontaminierten Gegenstände oder Erzeugnisse mit mindestens einer UV-Strahlungsquelle (24), eine Durchzugseinrichtung mit Ein- und/oder Ausgabebereichen für die kontaminierten bzw. dekontaminierten Gegenstände oder Erzeugnisse, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Durchzugseinrichtung im Eingang bzw. im Ausgang zum Ein- und/oder Ausgabebereich angeordnete sich paarweise gegenüberliegende Walzen (17) und Räder (4) umfasst, die zum Einzug bzw. zur Ausgabe der kontaminierten bzw. dekontaminierten Gegenstände oder Erzeugnisse vorgesehen sind, wobei die Walzen (17) und die Räder (4) durch im Ein- und/oder Ausgabebereich angeordnete Sensoren (23) und einer elektronische Kontrolleinheit (27) in Bewegung bringbar sind, wobei die Gegenstände oder Erzeugnisse in den Bereich der Einrichtung zur Dekontamination förderbar sind, der zwischen den paarweise angeordneten Walzen (17) und Rädern (4) vorgesehen ist, welcher sich gegenüberliegende Platten (25) aus Quarzglas oder einem UV-transparenten Polymermaterial, wie Graphen oder Kunstglas umfasst, über bzw. unter welchen die UV-Strahlungsquelle (24) angeordnet ist, welche als UVC-LED-Leiste und/oder Modul mit mindestens einer LED-Lampe ausgebildet ist.

• 제2형 중증급성호흡기증후군 코로나바이러스 감염 질환의 예방 또는 치료용 조성물 - 본 발명은 화학식 1로 표시되는 화합물, 또는 이의 약학적으로 허용가능한 염을 유효성분으로 포함하는 제2형 중증급성호흡기증후군 코로나바이러스 감염 질환 예방 또는 치료용 약학적 조성물을 제공한다. [화학식 1] .

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• 新型冠状病毒中和性抗体滴度检测ELISA试剂盒 - 本发明提供一种新型冠状病毒中和性抗体滴度检测ELISA试剂盒，其中包括：包被有生物素‑链霉亲和素标记的人ACE2蛋白的酶标板、辣根过氧化酶标记的新型冠状病毒RBD蛋白、新型冠状病毒中和性抗体阳性对照、包被液、洗涤液、稀释液、封闭液、显色液和终止液等。该试剂盒具有成本低，操作简单，高灵敏度、高特异性、高准确度的特点，可用于新型冠状病毒中和抗体的批量、快速检测。

• Zahnbürstenaufsatz, elektrische Versorgungseinheit einer elektrischen Zahnbürste, elektrische Zahnbürste mit einem Zahnbürstenaufsatz, Zahnbürste sowie Testaufsatz für eine elektrische Zahnbürste -

  Zahnbürstenaufsatz für eine elektrische Zahnbürste (20) umfassend einen Koppelabschnitt (2), über den der Zahnbürstenaufsatz (1) mit einer elektrischen Versorgungseinheit (10) der elektrischen Zahnbürste (20) verbindbar ist und einen Bürstenabschnitt (3), der zur Reinigung der Zähne ausgebildete Reinigungsmittel (3.1) aufweist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass an dem Zahnbürstenaufsatz (1) eine Sensoreinheit (4) vorgesehen ist, die dazu ausgebildet ist, selektiv das Vorhandensein eines Virus oder eines Antigen im Speichel eines Nutzers des Zahnbürstenaufsatzes (1) durch Messen zumindest eines virusspezifischen Parameters zu bestimmen.

• Wasserpfeife mit Hygienefunktion -

  Hygiene-Mundstückelement (100), aufweisend einen ersten Endabschnitt (103), welcher ausgebildet ist zur Verbindung mit einem Griff-Mundstückelement (200) einer Wasserpfeife (400) und aufweisend einen zweiten Endabschnitt (104), welcher als mundseitiges, freies Ende ausgebildet ist, wobei das Hygiene-Mundstückelement (100) ein erstes Filterelement (101) aufweist, wobei das erste Filterelement (101) wenigstens ein adsorbierendes Material umfasst und/oder wobei das Hygiene-Mundstückelement (100) ein zweites Filterelement (102) aufweist, wobei das zweite Filterelement (102) Metalloxid und/oder elektrostatisch geladene Fasern umfasst.

• 알츠하이머병 혹은 뇌졸중의 뉴로인플라마섬의 치료제로서 디디에스 혹은 그 유도체 - 목표 / 배경 :이 연구는 신경-정신과 증상을 측면과 구별하기 위해 2018 ‘NIA-AA 연구 프레임 워크’에 따라 뉴로인플라마섬 경쟁자로서 4, 4’- 디아미노디 페닐설폰(DDS, 디디에스)으로 치료받은 알츠하이머병(AD) 환자를 조사했습니다. 방법 : 서울 연구에서는 AD 진단 기준에 따라 2005 년 1 월부터 2020 년 6 월까지 보관된 소록도 국립병원 EDI 데이터베이스의 AD와 항AD약물(AAD)의 효과를 분석하여 ICD-9와 10 개의 코드를 이용하여 검색 하였습니다. 새로운 바이오마커 (D)를 사용하여 AAD로 인한 AD 증상과 신경정신병적 증상을 관리하여 수치 임상 병기를 분류했습니다. 우리는 서울 연구에서 뉴로인플라마섬 경쟁자로서 뇌경색 및 DDS 관련 사례를 보고합니다. 결과 : DDS는 DDS를 처방했거나 처방하지 않은 사람들과 AD의 비율을 비교할 때 뉴로인플라마섬 경쟁자였습니다. (D)를 도입함으로써, AD의 진행은 NCS 병기 결정을 통해 모니터링 하였습니다. AAD 또는 신경병리 증상을 구별하고 DDS로 치료했습니다. AD는 AAD에 의해 악화될 수 있고 DDS에 의해 경미한 인지 장애로 회복될 수 있습니다. 우리는 서울 연구에서 뇌경색이 발생하기 전과 후에 뉴로인플라마섬 경쟁자로서 DDS가 어떤 역할을 하는지를 임상적으로 확인했습니다. 결론 : DDS는 RBS 분할에 의한 정규/비정규적 우비퀴틴화, NLRP3 inflammasome 형성, Higgins의 캐스케이드 및 철이 풍부한 강자성 나노 입자를 차단하는 역할을 합니다. 바이오마커 (D)를 통하여 DDS로 AD를 예방하고 치료할 수 있습니다. AD에 대한 예방 및 치료 방법으로 뉴로인플라마섬을 치료하는 것을 수치 임상 병기(NCS, Numeric clinical staging)를 통하여 증명하고 있습니다.