Covid-19 Sentry

Contents

• From Preprints
• From Clinical Trials
• From PubMed
• From Patent Search

From Preprints

• The impact of age and psychosocial factors on cognitive and auditory outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic -
  Purpose: In March 2020, the UK government announced that people should isolate to reduce the spread of the virus that causes COVID-19. Outside a pandemic, psychosocial factors, such as socialisation and mental health, may impact the relationship between hearing loss and increased dementia risk. We aim to report the impact of psychosocial factors, including social isolation, depression, and engagement in activities, on hearing and cognitive function in younger and older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic. Method: An online survey and experiment assessed self-reported psychosocial factors, self-reported hearing ability and speech-in-noise perception, and cognition. Data were collected between June 2020 and February 2021. Older (N = 112, MAGE = 70.08) and younger (N = 121, MAGE = 20.52) monolingual speakers of English, without any language or neurological disorders participated. Multiple linear regression models were employed to investigate hypothesised associations between psychosocial factors, and hearing and cognition, in older and younger adults. Results: Multiple regression analyses indicated that older adults displayed poorer speech-in-noise perception and poorer performance on one of four cognitive tasks, compared to younger adults; and increased depression was associated with poorer subjective hearing. Other psychosocial factors did not significantly predict hearing or cognitive function. Conclusions: Data suggest that self-reported hearing and depression are related. This conclusion is important for understanding the associations between hearing loss and cognitive decline in the long-term, as both hearing loss and depression are risk factors for dementia.
  🖺 Full Text HTML: The impact of age and psychosocial factors on cognitive and auditory outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic
• Smaller preferred interpersonal distance for joint versus parallel action -
  During social interaction, humans prefer to keep a certain distance between themselves and other individuals. This preferred “interpersonal distance” (IPD) is known to be sensitive to social context, and in the present study we aimed to further investigate the extent to which IPD is affected by the specific type of social interaction. In particular, we focused on the contrast between joint actions, where two or more individuals coordinate their actions in space and time to achieve a shared goal, and parallel actions, where individuals act alongside each other but individually. We predicted that joint action would be associated with a smaller preferred IPD compared to parallel action. Additionally, given that this research took place in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic, we aimed to assess whether IPD preferences are affected by individuals’ concerns about infection in general, as well as COVID-19 in particular. We predicted that higher individual concerns would be associated with greater preferred IPD. To test these hypotheses, we asked participants to imagine different social scenarios (involving either joint or parallel actions alongside a stranger) and indicate, on a visual scale, their preferred IPD. The results of two experiments (n = 211, n = 212) showed that participants preferred a shorter distance when they imagined acting jointly compared to when they imagined acting in parallel. Moreover, participants who reported higher discomfort for potential pathogen contact and who were more aware of the COVID-19 context in which the study took place preferred a larger IPD in general. Our results provide further evidence that different types of social interaction shape IPD preference. We discuss potential reasons for this phenomenon and highlight remaining questions for future research.
  🖺 Full Text HTML: Smaller preferred interpersonal distance for joint versus parallel action
• Vaccine-mediated protection against merbecovirus and sarbecovirus challenge in mice -
  The emergence of three distinct highly pathogenic human coronaviruses, SARS-CoV in 2003, MERS-CoV in 2012, and SARS-CoV-2 in 2019, underlines the need to develop broadly active vaccines against the Merbecovirus and Sarbecovirus betacoronavirus subgenera. While SARS-CoV-2 vaccines are highly protective against severe COVID-19 disease, they do not protect against other sarbecoviruses or merbecoviruses. Here, we vaccinate mice with a trivalent sortase-conjugate nanoparticle (scNP) vaccine containing the SARS-CoV-2, RsSHC014, and MERS-CoV receptor binding domains (RBDs), which elicited live-virus neutralizing antibody responses and broad protection. Specifically, a monovalent SARS-CoV-2 RBD scNP vaccine only protected against sarbecovirus challenge, whereas the trivalent RBD scNP vaccine protected against both merbecovirus and sarbecovirus challenge in highly pathogenic and lethal mouse models. Moreover, the trivalent RBD scNP elicited serum neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 BA.1 live viruses. Our findings show that a trivalent RBD nanoparticle vaccine displaying merbecovirus and sarbecovirus immunogens elicits immunity that broadly protects mice against disease. This study demonstrates proof-of-concept for a single pan-betacoronavirus vaccine to protect against three highly pathogenic human coronaviruses spanning two betacoronavirus subgenera.
  🖺 Full Text HTML: Vaccine-mediated protection against merbecovirus and sarbecovirus challenge in mice
• Tracing the origin of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron-like Spike sequences detected in wastewater -

  Background: The origin of divergent SARS-CoV-2 spike sequences found in wastewater, but not in clinical surveillance, remains unclear. These cryptic wastewater sequences have harbored many of the same mutations that later emerged in Omicron lineages. We first detected a cryptic lineage in municipal wastewater in Wisconsin in January 2022. Named the Wisconsin Lineage, we sought to determine the geographic origin of this virus and characterize its persistence and evolution over time. Methods: We systematically sampled maintenance holes to trace the origin of the Wisconsin Lineage. We sequenced spike RBD domains, and where possible, whole viral genomes, to characterize the evolution of this lineage over the 13 consecutive months that it was detectable. Findings: The persistence of the Wisconsin Lineage signal allowed us to trace it from a central wastewater plant to a single facility, with a high concentration of viral RNA. The viral sequences contained a combination of fixed nucleotide substitutions characteristic of Pango lineage B.1.234, which circulated in Wisconsin at low levels from October 2020 to February 2021, while mutations in the spike gene resembled those subsequently found in Omicron variants. Interpretation: We propose that prolonged detection of the Wisconsin Lineage in wastewater represents persistent shedding of SARS-CoV-2 from an infected individual, with ongoing within-host viral evolution leading to an ancestral B.1.234 virus accumulating Omicron-like mutations. Funding: The Rockefeller Foundation, Wisconsin Department of Health Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), and the Center for Research on Influenza Pathogenesis and Transmission.

  🖺 Full Text HTML: Tracing the origin of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron-like Spike sequences detected in wastewater
• Wildlife exposure to SARS-CoV-2 across a human use gradient -
  The spillover of SARS-CoV-2 into humans has caused one of the most devastating pandemics in recorded history. Human-animal interactions have led to transmission events of SARS-CoV-2 from humans to wild and captive animals. However, many questions remain about how extensive SARS-CoV-2 exposure is in wildlife, the factors that influence wildlife transmission risk, and whether sylvatic cycles can generate novel variants with increased infectivity and virulence. We sampled 22 different wildlife species in Virginia, U.S.A. We detected widespread exposure to SARS-CoV-2 across six wildlife species. Using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, we detected SARS-CoV-2 RNA in the Virginia opossum and had equivocal detections in six additional species. Furthermore, we used whole genome sequencing to confirm the presence of SARS-CoV-2 and compare mutations present to known circulating strains. Species that exhibit peridomestic tendencies had high seroprevalence, ranging between 62%-71%, and sites with high human presence had three times higher seroprevalence than low human-use areas across all species combined. SARS-CoV-2 genomic data from an opossum and molecular modeling exposed one previously uncharacterized change to an amino acid residue in the Spike receptor binding domain (RBD), which predicts improved binding between the Spike protein and human angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE2) compared to the dominant variant circulating at the time of collection. Overall, our results highlight widespread exposure to SARS-CoV-2 in wildlife and suggest that areas with high human activity may serve as important points of contact for cross-species transmission. Furthermore, this work highlights the potential role of wildlife as reservoirs for SARS-CoV-2.
  🖺 Full Text HTML: Wildlife exposure to SARS-CoV-2 across a human use gradient
• Wastewater-based reproduction numbers and projections of COVID-19 cases in multiple cities in Japan, 2022 -

  Background: Wastewater surveillance has expanded globally to monitor the spread of infectious diseases. An inherent challenge is substantial noise and bias in wastewater data due to their sampling and quantification process, leading to the limited applicability of wastewater surveillance as a monitoring tool and the difficulty. Aim: In this study, we present an analytical framework for capturing the growth trend of circulating infections from wastewater data and conducting scenario analyses to guide policy decisions. Methods: We developed a mathematical model for translating the observed SARS-CoV-2 viral load in wastewater into effective reproduction numbers. We used an extended Kalman filter to infer underlying transmissions by smoothing out observational noise. We also illustrated the impact of different countermeasures such as expanded vaccinations and non-pharmaceutical interventions on the projected number of cases using three study areas in Japan as an example. Results: Our analyses showed an adequate fit to the data, regardless of study area and virus quantification method, and the estimated reproduction numbers derived from wastewater data were consistent with notification-based reproduction numbers. Our projections showed that a 10-20% increase in vaccination coverage or a 10% reduction in contact rate may suffice to initiate a declining trend in study areas. Conclusion: Our study demonstrates how wastewater data can be used to track reproduction numbers and perform scenario modelling to inform policy decisions. The proposed framework complements conventional clinical surveillance, especially when reliable and timely epidemiological data are not available.

  🖺 Full Text HTML: Wastewater-based reproduction numbers and projections of COVID-19 cases in multiple cities in Japan, 2022
• Distinct T cell functional profiles in SARS-CoV-2 seropositive and seronegative children associated with endemic human coronavirus cross-reactivity -

  SUMMARY SARS-CoV-2 infection in children typically results in asymptomatic or mild disease. There is a paucity of studies on antiviral immunity in African children. We investigated SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell responses in 71 unvaccinated asymptomatic South African children who were seropositive or seronegative for SARS-CoV-2. SARS-CoV-2-specific CD4+ T cell responses were detectable in 83% of seropositive and 60% of seronegative children. Although the magnitude of the CD4+ T cell response did not differ significantly between the two groups, their functional profiles were distinct, with SARS-CoV-2 seropositive children exhibiting a higher proportion of polyfunctional T cells compared to their seronegative counterparts. The frequency of SARS-CoV-2-specific CD4+ T cells in seronegative children was associated with the endemic human coronavirus (HCoV) HKU1 IgG response. Overall, the presence of SARS-CoV-2-responding T cells in seronegative children may result from cross-reactivity to endemic coronaviruses and could contribute to the relative protection from disease observed in SARS-CoV-2-infected children. Key words: SARS-CoV-2, Children, IgG responses, T cell response, Polyfunctional profile, endemic HCoV

  🖺 Full Text HTML: Distinct T cell functional profiles in SARS-CoV-2 seropositive and seronegative children associated with endemic human coronavirus cross-reactivity
• Dynamic Expedition of Leading Mutations in SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoproteins -
  Throughout the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the continuous genomic evolution of its etiological agent, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has generated many new variants with enhanced transmissibility and immune escape capabilities. Being an essential mediator of infections and a key target of antibodies, mutations of its spike glycoprotein play a vital role in modulating its evolutionary trajectory. Here, we present a time-resolved statistical method, Dynamic Expedition of Leading Mutations (deLemus), to analyze the evolutionary dynamics of the SARS-CoV-2 spike. Together with analysis of its single amino acid polymorphism (SAP), we propose the use of L-index in quantifying the mutation strength of each amino acid site, such that the evolutionary mutation pattern of the spike glycoprotein can be unravelled.
  🖺 Full Text HTML: Dynamic Expedition of Leading Mutations in SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoproteins
• Partial Fertility Recuperation in Spain Two Years After the Onset of the COVID-19 Pandemic -
  Following the onset COVID-19 pandemic’s, a host of countries first saw drastic fertility declines and then a variety of fertility patterns afterwards. Yet, it remains unclear whether these initial baby busts have been recuperated, and if so, if the recuperation is equally distributed. We assess period fertility recuperation as the cumulative difference in observed fertility trends compared to a predicted counterfactual trend simulating fertility trends without the pandemic in Spain, the European country experiencing the most severe fertility decline of the pandemic. We use vital statistics on Spain and ARIMA models to forecast counterfactual trends in total and group-specific fertility rates for the month where fertility could be affected by the pandemic. By calculating the cumulative residual between modelled/forecasted trend and observed fertility rates, we can calculate fertility deficit and recuperation. By December 2021, Spain had only seen a partial recuperation of the fertility relative to expected trend with large heterogeneity. Births from mothers at the beginning and the end of the reproductive age and those transitioning to first child have not yet recuperated, whereas mother in the middle of the fertility window and higher order births have fully recuperated. We suggest a way to assess period fertility recuperation as the cumulative difference in observed fertility trends compared to a predicted counterfactual trend simulating fertility without the pandemic, and we show a lack of period fertility recuperation. If this translates into cohort fertility decline, there may be consequences for childlessness and population structure in Spain.
  🖺 Full Text HTML: Partial Fertility Recuperation in Spain Two Years After the Onset of the COVID-19 Pandemic
• Inflammation durably imprints memory CD4+ T cells -
  Adaptive immune responses are induced by vaccination and infection, yet little is known about how CD4+ T cell memory differs when primed in these two contexts. Notably, viral infection is generally associated with higher levels of systemic inflammation than is vaccination. To assess whether the inflammatory milieu at the time of CD4+ T cell priming has long-term effects on memory, we compared Spike-specific memory CD4+ T cells in 22 individuals around the time of the participants’ third SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination, with stratification by whether the participants’ first exposure to Spike was via virus or mRNA vaccine. Multimodal single-cell profiling of Spike-specific CD4+ T cells revealed 755 differentially expressed genes that distinguished infection- and vaccine-primed memory CD4+ T cells. Spike-specific CD4+ T cells from infection-primed individuals had strong enrichment for cytotoxicity and interferon signaling genes, whereas Spike-specific CD4+ T cells from vaccine-primed individuals were enriched for proliferative pathways by gene set enrichment analysis. Moreover, Spike-specific memory CD4+ T cells established by infection had distinct epigenetic landscapes driven by enrichment of IRF-family transcription factors, relative to T cells established by mRNA vaccination. This transcriptional imprint was minimally altered following subsequent mRNA vaccination or breakthrough infection, reflecting the strong bias induced by the inflammatory environment during initial memory differentiation. Together, these data suggest that the inflammatory context during CD4+ T cell priming is durably imprinted in the memory state at transcriptional and epigenetic levels, which has implications for personalization of vaccination based on prior infection history.
  🖺 Full Text HTML: Inflammation durably imprints memory CD4+ T cells
• An Atlas of Adaptive Evolution in Endemic Human Viruses -
  Through antigenic evolution, viruses like seasonal influenza evade recognition by neutralizing antibodies elicited by previous infection or vaccination. This means that a person with antibodies well-tuned to an initial infection will not be protected against the same virus years later and that vaccine-mediated protection will decay. It is not fully understood which of the many endemic human viruses evolve in this fashion. To expand that knowledge, we assess adaptive evolution across the viral genome in 28 endemic viruses, spanning a wide range of viral families and transmission modes. We find that surface proteins consistently show the highest rates of adaptation, and estimate that ten viruses in this panel undergo antigenic evolution to selectively fix mutations that enable the virus to escape recognition by prior immunity. We compare overall rates of amino acid substitution between these antigenically-evolving viruses and SARS-CoV-2, showing that SARS-CoV-2 viruses are accumulating protein-coding changes at substantially faster rates than these endemic viruses.
  🖺 Full Text HTML: An Atlas of Adaptive Evolution in Endemic Human Viruses
• Breakthrough infections by SARS-CoV-2 variants boost cross-reactive hybrid immune responses in mRNA-vaccinated Golden Syrian Hamsters -
  Hybrid immunity to SARS-CoV-2 provides superior protection to re-infection. We performed immune profiling studies during breakthrough infections in mRNA-vaccinated hamsters to evaluate hybrid immunity induction. mRNA vaccine, BNT162b2, was dosed to induce binding antibody titers against ancestral spike, but inefficient serum virus neutralization of ancestral SARS-CoV-2 or variants of concern (VoCs). Vaccination reduced morbidity and controlled lung virus titers for ancestral virus and Alpha but allowed breakthrough infections in Beta, Delta and Mu-challenged hamsters. Vaccination primed T cell responses that were boosted by infection. Infection back-boosted neutralizing antibody responses against ancestral virus and VoCs. Hybrid immunity resulted in more cross-reactive sera. Transcriptomics post-infection reflects both vaccination status and disease course and suggests a role for interstitial macrophages in vaccine-mediated protection. Therefore, protection by vaccination, even in the absence of high titers of neutralizing antibodies in the serum, correlates with recall of broadly reactive B- and T-cell responses.
  🖺 Full Text HTML: Breakthrough infections by SARS-CoV-2 variants boost cross-reactive hybrid immune responses in mRNA-vaccinated Golden Syrian Hamsters
• The COVID-19 mRNA vaccine Comirnaty induces anaphylactic shock in an anti-PEG hyperimmune large animal model: Role of complement in cardiovascular, hematological, and inflammatory mediator changes -
  Background: Comirnaty, Pfizer-BioNTech's polyethylene-glycol (PEG)-containing Covid-19 vaccine, can cause hypersensitivity reactions (HSRs) in a small fraction of immunized people which can, very rarely, culminate in life-threatening anaphylaxis. A role of anti-PEG antibodies (Abs) has been proposed, but causality has not yet been proven in an animal model. This study aimed to provide such evidence using anti-PEG hyperimmune pigs (i.e., pigs displaying very high levels of anti-PEG Abs). We also sought to find evidence for the role of complement (C) activation and thromboxane A2 (TXA2) release in blood as contributing effects to anaphylaxis. Methods: Pigs (n=6) were immunized with 0.1 mg/kg PEGylated liposome (Doxebo) i.v. the rise of anti-PEG IgG and IgM was measured in serial blood samples with ELISA. After 2-3 weeks, during the height of seroconversion, the animals were injected i.v. with 1/3 human vaccine dose (HVD) of Comirnaty, and the hemodynamic (PAP, SAP), cardiopulmonary (HR, EtCO2,), hematological parameters (WBC, granulocyte, lymphocyte, and platelet counts) and blood immune mediators (anti-PEG IgM and IgG Abs, C3a and TXA2) were measured as endpoints of HSRs. Results: A week after immunization of 6 pigs with Doxebo, the level of anti-PEG IgM and IgG rose 5-10-thousands-fold in all animals, and they all developed anaphylactic shock to i.v. injection of 1/3 HVD of Comirnaty. The reaction, starting within 1 min, led to the abrupt decline of SAP along with maximal pulmonary hypertension, decreased pulse pressure amplitude, tachycardia, granulo- and thrombocytopenia, and paralleling rises of plasma C3a and TXB2 levels. These vaccine effects were not observed in non-immunized pigs. Conclusions: Consistent with previous studies with PEGylated nano-liposomes, these data show a causal role of anti-PEG Abs in the anaphylaxis to Comirnaty. The reaction involves C activation, and, hence, it represents C activation-related pseudo-allergy (CARPA). The setup provides the first large-animal model for mRNA-vaccine-induced anaphylaxis in humans.
  🖺 Full Text HTML: The COVID-19 mRNA vaccine Comirnaty induces anaphylactic shock in an anti-PEG hyperimmune large animal model: Role of complement in cardiovascular, hematological, and inflammatory mediator changes
• Stress, Genetics and Mood: Impact of COVID-19 on a College Freshman Sample -

  Objectives: Use a longitudinal approach to study the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on the emergence of symptoms of depression and/or anxiety in college freshmen. Define the interplay between genetic risk and psychosocial factors in shaping vulnerability or resilience to pandemic stress. Methods: University of Michigan freshmen were characterized at baseline using multiple psychological instruments. They were genotyped and polygenic risk score for depression (MDD-PRS) was calculated. Daily physical activity was captured. They were sampled at multiple time points throughout the freshman year on clinical rating scales, including GAD-7 and PHQ-9 for anxiety and depression, respectively. The 2019-2020 cohort (N=122) was compared to an earlier cohort (N=106) to assess the impact of the pandemic. Results: Across cohorts, 25%-57% of freshmen developed significant symptoms of anxiety or depression. In the 2019-2020 cohort, measures of anxiety and depression increased significantly after the onset of COVID-19. Physical activity was dramatically reduced by the pandemic and was associated with the emergence of mood symptoms. Low MDD-PRS subjects exhibited lower relative risk for depression/anxiety during a typical freshman year, but they were more negatively impacted by the pandemic than High MDD-PRS subjects. Conversely, a cluster of psychological indices at baseline predicted resilience in High MDD-PRS subjects who did not develop a mood disorder post-stress. Conclusions: The pandemic had a profound impact on college freshmen triggering depression and anxiety symptoms. Pandemic stress overrode the advantage conferred by “genetic resilience”. By contrast, “psychosocial resilience” was protective even in the face of high genetic risk and pandemic stress.

  🖺 Full Text HTML: Stress, Genetics and Mood: Impact of COVID-19 on a College Freshman Sample
• Power users: Canadian sex workers’ use of technology post COVID -
  Background: The transition from physical to online advertising by sex workers in Canada has been well documented. However, few studies use rigorous sampling methods. This study considers how a technically sophisticated group of advertisers from a large Canadian sex work classifieds site used multiple online resources to promote or provide services during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: Advertisers were identified from internal chat names found in a collection of 891695 ads downloaded between September 15, 2021 and September 22, 2022. Advertisers qualified for the study if they used a URL as part of their contact information and were actively advertising between August 23 and September 22, 2022. A random sample of 1000 of these advertisers were selected for further study out of which 783 had accessible contact URLs. Thematic analysis was performed on downloaded website texts and ad metadata was used to identify demographic and behavioral variables. Results: Almost all (99%) sampled advertisers provided in person services and most (70%) provided online services. They advertised more frequently, were more affluent and were more likely to be trans-female, White, and collective. Themes of security, health, identity, and social networks were identified. Advertisers emphasized physical, emotional, and financial security. Most workers did not work in isolation and many participated in extensive social networks. Conclusions: Rigorous sampling methods are feasible in sex work research. The sampled advertisers represented distinct subgroups underlining the need for researchers to provide context for samples used in research. Advertisers showed considerable adaptability in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic.
  🖺 Full Text HTML: Power users: Canadian sex workers’ use of technology post COVID

From Clinical Trials

• The Standard of Care Combined With Glucocorticoid in Elderly People With Mild or Moderate COVID-19 - Condition:   COVID-19
  Intervention:   Drug: Glucocorticoid
  Sponsor:   Huashan Hospital
  Not yet recruiting

• Investigation of the Effect on Cognitive Skills of COVID-19 Survivors - Condition:   COVID-19
  Intervention:   Other: green walking and intelligence gam
  Sponsors:   Bayburt University;   Karadeniz Technical University
  Completed

• Conducting Clinical Trials of the Medicine “Rutan Tablets 0.1g” No. 10 in the Complex Therapy of COVID-19 - Condition:   Patients With COVID-19
  Interventions:   Drug: The drug “Rutan 0.1”.;   Other: Basic treatment
  Sponsor:   Research Institute of Virology, Ministry of Health of the Republic of Uzbekistan
  Completed

• The Effect of Special Discharge Training in the COVID-19 - Condition:   COVID-19 Pneumonia
  Intervention:   Other: COVID-19 Discharge Education
  Sponsor:   Kilis 7 Aralik University
  Completed

• Arginine Replacement Therapy in COVID-19 - Condition:   COVID-19
  Intervention:   Drug: Arginine Hydrochloride
  Sponsor:   Emory University
  Not yet recruiting

• Effectiveness of a Second COVID-19 Vaccine Booster in Chinese Adults - Condition:   COVID-19
  Interventions:   Biological: Intramuscularly administered Ad5-nCoV vaccine;   Biological: Aerosolized Ad5-nCoV;   Biological: DelNS1-2019-nCoV-RBD-OPT1;   Biological: SYS6006
  Sponsor:   Jiangsu Province Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
  Not yet recruiting

• Studying the Efficiency of the Natural Preparation Rutan in Children in the Treatment of COVID-19, ARVI - Condition:   COVID-19 Respiratory Infection
  Interventions:   Drug: Rutan 25 mg;   Other: Control group
  Sponsor:   Research Institute of Virology, Ministry of Health of the Republic of Uzbekistan
  Completed

• A Pilot Study Evaluating the Efficacy of the Vielight Neuro RX Gamma in the Treatment of Post COVID-19 Cognitive Impairment - Condition:   Post COVID-19 Cognitive Impairment
  Interventions:   Device: Vielight Neuro RX Gamma active device;   Device: Vielight Neuro RX Gamma sham device
  Sponsor:   Vielight Inc.
  Not yet recruiting

• PAxlovid loNg cOvid-19 pRevention triAl With recruitMent In the Community in Norway - Conditions:   Post COVID-19 Condition, Unspecified;   SARS-CoV2 Infection;   COVID-19
  Interventions:   Drug: Nirmatrelvir/ritonavir;   Drug: Placebo
  Sponsors:   Haukeland University Hospital;   University of Bergen
  Not yet recruiting

• Use of a Hypochlorous Acid Spray Solution in the Treatment of COVID-19 Patients : COVICONTROL Study . - Condition:   SARS CoV 2 Infection
  Interventions:   Other: Spray with Hypochlorous Acid Group;   Other: Spray with Placebo Group
  Sponsor:   University of Monastir
  Recruiting

• Telerehabilitation Program and Detraining in Patients With Post-COVID-19 Sequelae - Condition:   COVID-19 Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
  Intervention:   Other: Telerehabilitation program
  Sponsor:   Campus docent Sant Joan de Déu-Universitat de Barcelona
  Completed

• COVID-19 Vaccine Uptake Amongst Underserved Populations in East London - Conditions:   COVID-19;   Influenza;   Vaccination Refusal
  Intervention:   Device: Patient Engagement tool
  Sponsors:   Queen Mary University of London;   Social Action for Health
  Not yet recruiting

• REVERSE-Long COVID-19 With Baricitinib Pilot Study - Condition:   Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome
  Intervention:   Drug: Baricitinib 4 MG
  Sponsors:   Vanderbilt University Medical Center;   Emory University;   University of California, San Francisco;   University of Minnesota;   Vanderbilt University;   Yale University
  Not yet recruiting

• Post Covid-19 Dysautonomia Rehabilitation Randomized Controlled Trial - Conditions:   Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome;   Dysautonomia
  Interventions:   Procedure: Rehabilitation;   Procedure: Standard of Care
  Sponsors:   Evangelismos Hospital;   National and Kapodistrian University of Athens;   LONG COVID GREECE;   414 Military Hospital of Special Diseases
  Recruiting

• RADx-UP- Impact of Community Health Worker Deployment - Conditions:   Diabetes;   COVID-19;   Community Health Workers;   Health Behavior;   Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice
  Intervention:   Behavioral: Impact of Community Health Worker Home Deployment on COVID-19 Vaccine Confidence and Uptake
  Sponsor:   Morehouse School of Medicine
  Active, not recruiting

From PubMed

• Culture and pandemic control at cross-roads: navigating the burial guidelines for COVID-19-related deaths in a Ghanaian setting - CONCLUSIONS: Insensitivity to socio-cultural practices compromised the implementation of the COVID-19 pandemic control interventions, particularly, the COVID-19-related death and burial protocols. Some compromises that were not sanctioned by the protocols were reached to allow health officials and families respectfully bury their dead. These findings call for the need to prioritize the incorporation of sociocultural practices in future pandemic prevention and management strategies.

• Rational Design of Covalent Kinase Inhibitors by an Integrated Computational Workflow (Kin-Cov) - Covalent kinase inhibitors (CKIs) hold great promise for drug development. However, examples of computationally guided design of CKIs are still scarce. Here, we present an integrated computational workflow (Kin-Cov) for rational design of CKIs. The design of the first covalent leucine-zipper and sterile-α motif kinase (ZAK) inhibitor was presented as an example to showcase the power of computational workflow for CKI design. The two representative compounds, 7 and 8, inhibited ZAK kinase with…

• Essential Oil Derived from Underutilized Plants Cymbopogon khasianus Poses Diverse Biological Activities against “Aspergillosis” and “Mucormycosis” - Palmrosa essential oil (PEO) from Cymbopogon khasianus, is used as complementary and traditional medicine worldwide. The present study aimed at compositional profiling of PEO and molecular docking of PEO bioactive compound geraniol against fungal enzymes chitin synthase (CS), UDP-glycosyltransferase (UDPG) and glucosamine-6-phosphate synthase (GPS), as apposite sites for drug designing against “Aspergillosis” and “Mucormycosis” and in vitro confirmation. Compositional profile of PEO was…

• Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies: Comparison of Enzyme Immunoassay, Surrogate Neutralization and Virus Neutralization Test - CONCLUSIONS: sVNT appeared to be a reliable method for the assessment COVID-19 serology in patients with high antibody levels, while false-negative results were frequently observed in patients with low NT titers.

• Elucidating Atomistic Insight into the Dynamical Responses of the SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease for the Binding of Remdesivir Analogues: Leveraging Molecular Mechanics To Decode the Inhibition Mechanism - To combat mischievous coronavirus disease followed by continuous upgrading of therapeutic strategy against the antibody-resistant variants, the molecular mechanistic understanding of protein-drug interactions is a prerequisite in the context of target-specific rational drug development. Herein, we attempt to decipher the structural basis for the inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 main protease (M^(pro)) through the elemental analysis of potential energy landscape and the associated thermodynamic and…

• Risk connectedness between crude oil, gold and exchange rates in China: Implications of the COVID-19 pandemic - This study examined the risk connectedness and its asymmetry between oil, gold, and foreign exchange under the realized volatility, spillover index framework, and high-frequency data during the COVID-19 pandemic. It was found that: (1) At the beginning of the pandemic outbreak, the total volatility spillover in the system declined, which may indicate that the pandemic cuts the trading activities in the financial markets by inhibiting personnel mobility, then, the spillover experienced a…

• Prognostic immune markers identifying patients with severe COVID-19 who respond to tocilizumab - CONCLUSIONS: We found that tocilizumab has pleiotropic effects and that clinical response to this drug remain heterogenous. Our data suggest that it is possible to identify patients who will respond to treatment and that the administration of tocilizumab is able to restore the immune balance through the re-establishment of different cell populations affected by SARS-COV-2 infection, highlighting the importance of temporal examination of the pathological features from the diagnosis.

• Immunogenicity of NVX-CoV2373 in PREVENT-19: A Phase 3, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial in Adults in the United States and Mexico - CONCLUSIONS: NVX-CoV2373 elicited robust humoral immune responses against ancestral SARS-CoV-2 virus 2 weeks following the second vaccination in adult PREVENT-19 participants, consistent with previously reported high vaccine efficacy. PREVENT-19 ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT04611802.

• Hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin alter the contractility of living porcine heart slices - The cardiotoxicity risk of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) and azithromycin (AZM) has been the subject of intensive research triggered by safety concerns in COVID-19 patients. HCQ and AZM have been associated with QT interval prolongation and drug-induced arrhythmias, however other cardiotoxicity mechanisms remain largely unexplored. Our group has pioneered the living heart slice preparation, an ex-vivo platform that maintains native cardiac tissue architecture and physiological electrical and…

• Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura following ChAdOx1 nCov-19 vaccination: A case report - Vaccine-associated thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) is a rare type of acquired TTP recently reported after COVID-19 vaccination. Merely four cases are ascribed to the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine in the medical literature till the preparation of this study. In this case report, we describe a 43-year-old man who developed symptoms of TTP four days after receiving the second dose of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine. Peripheral blood smear demonstrated multiple schistocytes. Given a high plasmic…

• Honokiol Inhibits SARS-CoV-2 Replication in Cell Culture at a Post-Entry Step - Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged in 2019, and the resulting pandemic has already caused the death of over 6 million people. There are currently few antivirals approved for treatment of the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19), and more options would be beneficial, not only now but also to increase our preparedness for future coronavirus outbreaks. Honokiol is a small molecule from magnolia trees for which several biological effects have been reported, including…

• Marked elevations in lung and plasma ceramide in COVID-19 linked to microvascular injury - The pathogenesis of the marked pulmonary microvasculature injury, a distinguishing feature of COVID-19 acute respiratory distress syndrome (COVID-ARDS), remains unclear. Implicated in the pathophysiology of diverse diseases characterized by endothelial damage, including ARDS and ischemic cardiovascular disease, ceramide and in particular palmitoyl ceramide (C16:0-ceramide) may be involved in the microvascular injury in COVID-19. Using deidentified plasma and lung samples from COVID-19 patients,…

• Inhibition of SARS-CoV-2-mediated thromboinflammation by CLEC2.Fc - Thromboinflammation is the major cause of morbidity and mortality in COVID-19 patients, and post-mortem examination demonstrates the presence of platelet-rich thrombi and microangiopathy in visceral organs. Moreover, persistent microclots were detected in both acute COVID-19 and long COVID plasma samples. However, the molecular mechanism of SARS-CoV-2-induced thromboinflammation is still unclear. We found that the spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk)-coupled C-type lectin member 2 (CLEC2), which was…

• In silico identification and validation of phenolic lipids as potential inhibitor against bacterial and viral strains - The recurrence of coronavirus disease and bacterial resistant strains has drawn attention to naturally occurring bioactive molecules that can demonstrate broad-spectrum efficacy against bacteria as well as viral strains. The drug-like abilities of naturally available “anacardic acids” (AA) and their derivatives against different bacterial and viral protein targets through in-silico tools were explored. Three viral protein targets [P DB: 6Y2E (SARS-CoV-2), 1AT3 (Herpes) and 2VSM (Nipah)] and four…

• Potential role of PIM1 inhibition in the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection - CONCLUSION: 2-pyridone PIM1 inhibitor could hinder cellular entry of SARS-CoV-2 and modulate several pathways implicated in immunity, suggesting a potential benefit in the development of anti-SARS-CoV-2 therapeutic approach.

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