Covid-19 Sentry

Contents

• From Preprints
• From Clinical Trials
• From PubMed
• From Patent Search

From Preprints

• Biorefinery Innovation in Increasing the Effectiveness of COVID-19 Vaccine Production -
  The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the importance of innovation in the fight against infectious diseases. Biorefinery offers a promising platform for the production of vaccines that is more cost-effective, efficient, and scalable than traditional methods. By using advanced fermentation and purification techniques and genetic engineering, biorefinery can improve the efficacy of vaccines and enable their production on a large scale. While there are challenges that need to be addressed, biorefinery has the potential to revolutionize the way we produce vaccines and other bioproducts, and contribute to a more sustainable and resilient future.
  🖺 Full Text HTML: Biorefinery Innovation in Increasing the Effectiveness of COVID-19 Vaccine Production
• Metabolic alterations unravel the materno fetal immune responses with disease severity in pregnant women infected with SARS-CoV-2 -
  Background: Pregnancy being immune compromised state, COVID-19 disease poses a high risk of premature delivery and threat to fetus. Plasma metabolome regulates immune cellular responses and we aimed to analyze the plasma secretome, metabolome, and immune cells in COVID-19-positive pregnant mothers and cord blood. Methods: COVID-19 RT-PCR positive pregnant females (n=112) asymptomatic (n=82), or with mild (n=21) or moderate (n=9) disease and control healthy pregnant (n=10) females were included. Mothers blood and cord blood (n=80) was analyzed for untargeted metabolome profiling and plasma cytokines by high-resolution mass spectrometry (MS) and multiplex cytokine bead array. Immune scan in mothers was done using flow cytometry. Results: In asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection, the amino acid metabolic pathways such as glycine, serine, L-lactate, and threonine metabolism was upregulated, riboflavin and tyrosine metabolism, downregulated. In mild to moderate disease, the pyruvate and NAD+ metabolism (energy metabolic pathways) were mostly altered. In addition to raised TNF-alpha, IFN-alpha, IFN-gamma, IL-6 cytokine storm, IL-9 was increased in both mothers and neonates. Pyruvate and NAD+ metabolic pathways along with IL-9 and IFN-gamma had an impact on non-classical monocytes, increased CD4 T cells and B cells but depleted CD8+ T cells. Cord blood mimicked the mothers metabolomic profiles by showing altered valine, leucine, isoleucine, glycine, serine, threonine in asymptomatic and NAD+ and riboflavin metabolism in mild and moderate disease subjects. Conclusions: Our results demonstrate a graduated immune-metabolomic interplay in mother and fetus in pregnant females with different degrees of severity of COVID-19 disease. IL-9 and IFN- gamma regulated pyruvate, lactate TCA metabolism, and riboflavin metabolism with context to disease severity are hallmarks of this materno-fetal metabolome.
  🖺 Full Text HTML: Metabolic alterations unravel the materno fetal immune responses with disease severity in pregnant women infected with SARS-CoV-2
• D614G and Omicron SARS-CoV-2 variant spike proteins differ in the effects of N-glycan modifications on spike expression, virus infectivity, and neutralization by some therapeutic antibodies -
  The SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein has 22 potential N-linked glycosylation sites per monomer that are highly conserved among diverse variants, but how individual glycans affect virus entry and neutralization of Omicron variants has not been extensively characterized. Here we compared the effects of specific glycan deletions or modifications in the Omicron BA.1 and D614G spikes on spike expression, processing, and incorporation into pseudoviruses, as well as on virus infectivity and neutralization by therapeutic antibodies. We found that loss of potential glycans at spike residues N717 and N801 each conferred a loss of pseudovirus infectivity for Omicron but not for D614G or Delta variants. This decrease in infectivity correlated with decreased spike processing and incorporation into Omicron pseudoviruses. Oligomannose-enriched Omicron pseudoviruses generated in GnTI- cells or in the presence of kifunensine were non-infectious, whereas D614G or Delta pseudoviruses generated under similar conditions remained infectious. Similarly, authentic SARS-CoV-2 grown in the presence of kifunensine decreased titers more for the BA.1.1 variant than Delta or D614G variants relative to their respective, untreated controls. Finally, we found that loss of some N-glycans, including N343 and N234, increased the maximum percent neutralization by the class 3 S309 monoclonal antibody against D614G but not BA.1 variants, while these glycan deletions altered the neutralization potency of the class 1 COV2-2196 and Etesevimab monoclonal antibodies without affecting maximum percent neutralization. The maximum neutralization by some antibodies also varied with the glycan composition, with oligomannose-enriched pseudoviruses conferring the highest percent neutralization. These results highlight differences in the interactions between spike glycans and residues among SARS-CoV-2 variants that can affect spike expression, virus infectivity, and susceptibility of variants to antibody neutralization.
  🖺 Full Text HTML: D614G and Omicron SARS-CoV-2 variant spike proteins differ in the effects of N-glycan modifications on spike expression, virus infectivity, and neutralization by some therapeutic antibodies
• Mild/Asymptomatic Maternal SARS-CoV-2 Infection Leads to Immune Paralysis in Fetal Circulation and Immune Dysregulation in Fetal-Placental Tissues -
  Few studies have addressed the impact of maternal mild/asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection on the developing neonatal immune system. In this study, we analyzed umbilical cord blood and placental chorionic villi from newborns of unvaccinated mothers with mild/asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy using flow cytometry, single-cell transcriptomics, and functional assays. Despite the lack of vertical transmission, levels of inflammatory mediators were altered in cord blood. Maternal infection was also associated with increased memory T, B cells, and non-classical monocytes as well as increased activation. However, ex vivo responses to stimulation were attenuated. Finally, within the placental villi, we report an expansion of fetal Hofbauer cells and infiltrating maternal macrophages and rewiring towards a heightened inflammatory state. In contrast to cord blood monocytes, placental myeloid cells were primed for heightened antiviral responses. Taken together, this study highlights dysregulated fetal immune cell responses in response to mild maternal SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy.
  🖺 Full Text HTML: Mild/Asymptomatic Maternal SARS-CoV-2 Infection Leads to Immune Paralysis in Fetal Circulation and Immune Dysregulation in Fetal-Placental Tissues
• Factors associated with the near miss of pregnant and postpartum women hospitalized by Covid-19 -

  Objective To analyze the factors associated with maternal near miss due to Covid-19 in Brazil. Method cross-sectional study that assessed the cases of pregnant and postpartum women hospitalized with SARS due to Covid-19, aged between 10 and 49 years and from March 2020 to March 2022. Secondary data available in the Influenza Epidemiological Surveillance Information System (SIVEP-Flu) were used. Data were analyzed using SPSS statistical software, with univariate analysis followed by logistic regression. Results the significant independent factors associated with near miss in pregnant postpartum women due to Covid-19 were black/brown race, O2 saturation <95%, dyspnea, comorbidities, need for invasive and non-invasive ventilatory support. Conclusion the factors associated with near misses in pregnant and postpartum women with covid-19 reveal characteristics and risks inherent to the pathophysiology of the disease that contribute to worsening the condition.

  🖺 Full Text HTML: Factors associated with the near miss of pregnant and postpartum women hospitalized by Covid-19
• Reconciling the efficacy and effectiveness of masking on epidemic outcomes -

  Mask wearing in public settings has been broadly implemented as a means to mitigate the COVID-19 pandemic. However, the reported effectiveness of masking has been much lower than laboratory measures of efficacy, and this large discrepancy has cast doubt on the utility of masking. Here, we develop an agent-based model that comprehensively accounts for individual masking behaviors and infectious disease dynamics, and test the impact of masking on epidemic outcomes. Using realistic inputs of mask efficacy and contact data at the individual level, the model reproduces the lower effectiveness as reported in randomized controlled trials. Model results demonstrate that transmission within households, where masks are rarely used, can substantially lower effectiveness, and reveal the interaction of nonlinear epidemic dynamics, control measures (e.g., masking and social distancing), and potential measurement biases. Overall, model results show that, at the individual level, consistent masking can reduce the risk of first infection, and, over time, reduce the frequency of repeated infection. At the population level, masking can provide direct protection to mask wearers, as well as indirect protection to non-wearers, collectively reducing epidemic intensity. These findings suggest it is prudent for individuals to use masks during an epidemic, and for policy makers to recognize the less-than-ideal effectiveness of masking when devising public health interventions.

  🖺 Full Text HTML: Reconciling the efficacy and effectiveness of masking on epidemic outcomes
• Retrospective Analysis of Equity-Based Optimization for COVID-19 Vaccine Allocation -

  Marginalized racial and ethnic groups in the United States were disproportionally affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. To study these disparities, we construct an age-and-race-stratified mathematical model of SARS-CoV-2 transmission fitted to age-and-race-stratified data from 2020 in Oregon and analyze counterfactual vaccination strategies in early 2021. We consider two racial groups: non-Hispanic White persons and persons belonging to BIPOC groups (including non-Hispanic Black persons, non-Hispanic Asian persons, non-Hispanic American Indian or Alaska Native persons, and Hispanic or Latino persons). We allocate a limited amount of vaccine to minimize overall disease burden (deaths or years of life lost), inequity in disease outcomes between racial groups (measured with five different metrics), or both. We find that, when allocating small amounts of vaccine (10% coverage), there is a trade-off between minimizing disease burden and minimizing inequity. Older age groups, who are at a greater risk of severe disease and death, are prioritized when minimizing measures of disease burden, and younger BIPOC groups, who face the most inequities, are prioritized when minimizing measures of inequity. The allocation strategies that minimize combinations of measures can produce middle-ground solutions that similarly improve both disease burden and inequity, but the trade-off can only be mitigated by increasing the vaccine supply. With enough resources to vaccinate 20% of the population the trade-off lessens, and with 30% coverage, we can optimize both equity and mortality. Our goal is to provide a race-conscious framework to quantify and minimize inequity that can be used for future pandemics and other public health interventions.

  🖺 Full Text HTML: Retrospective Analysis of Equity-Based Optimization for COVID-19 Vaccine Allocation
• Contact patterns of frail and non-frail elderly persons in the Netherlands during the COVID-19 pandemic -

  Background During the COVID-19 pandemic social distancing measures were imposed to protect the population from exposure, especially elderly and frail persons who have the highest risk for severe outcomes. These restrictions greatly reduced contacts in the general population, but little is known about behaviour changes among elderly and frail persons themselves. Our aim was to quantify how COVID-19 measures affected contact behaviour of elderly and how this differed between frail and non-frail elderly. Methods In 2021 a contact survey was carried out among persons aged 70 years and older in the Netherlands. A random sample of persons per age group (70-74, 75-79, 80-84, 85-89, 90+) and gender was invited to participate, either during a period with stringent (April 2021) or moderate (October 2021) measures. Participants provided general information on themselves including their frailty, and reported characteristics of all persons with whom they had face-to-face contact on a given day, over the course of a full week. Results In total 720 community-dwelling elderly persons were included (overall response rate of 15%), who reported 16,505 contacts. During the survey period with moderate measures, non-frail participants had significantly more contacts outside their household than frail participants. Especially for women, frailty was a more informative predictor for number of contacts than age. During the survey period with stringent measures, frail and non-frail participants had significantly lower numbers of contacts compared to the survey period with moderate measures. The reduction of number of contacts was largest for the eldest non-frail participants. As they likely interact closely with highly aged and highly frail persons, this reduction of number of contacts indirectly protects frail elderly from SARS-CoV-2 exposure. Conclusions The results of this study reveal that social distancing measures during the COVID-19 pandemic differentially affected the contact patterns of frail and non-frail elderly. The reduction of contacts may have led to direct protection of elderly persons in general but also to indirect protection of frail elderly.

  🖺 Full Text HTML: Contact patterns of frail and non-frail elderly persons in the Netherlands during the COVID-19 pandemic
• Immunogenicity of NVX-CoV2373 in PREVENT-19: A Phase 3, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial in Adults in the United States and Mexico -

  Background. NVX-CoV2373, an adjuvanted, recombinant SARS-CoV-2 spike (rS) protein vaccine, consistently demonstrated protective efficacy against COVID-19 in clinical trials and has received regulatory authorizations or approvals worldwide. Methods. PREVENT-19 (NCT04611802) is a phase 3, randomized, observer-blinded, placebo-controlled trial evaluating safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy of NVX-CoV2373 in ≈30 000 participants ≥18 years in the United States and Mexico. Vaccine humoral immune response (ie, serum immunoglobulin [IgG] antibodies, hACE2 receptor binding inhibition antibodies, and neutralizing antibodies to SARS-CoV-2) (ancestral strain) was assessed in 1200 participants randomly selected and equally divided between participants 18-64 and ≥65 years. Results. In the per protocol analysis, NVX-CoV2373 induced vigorous serum antibody responses among the 1063 analyzed participants who were SARS-CoV-2 seronegative at baseline, received both doses of study treatment, and had serology results available 2 weeks after dose 2. Geometric mean (GM) responses in both younger and older adults were higher among recipients of vaccine versus placebo for IgG (64 259 vs 121 and 37 750 vs 133 ELISA units, respectively), hACE2 receptor binding inhibition GM titers (GMTs) (222 vs 5 and 136 vs 5, respectively), and neutralizing antibody GMTs (1303 vs 11 and 900 vs 11, respectively). Humoral responses were 30-40% lower in participants ≥65 years or HIV-positive; however, seroconversion rates were high and comparable between the age cohorts, regardless of HIV serostatus. Conclusions. NVX-CoV2373 elicited robust humoral immune responses against ancestral SARS-CoV-2 virus 2 weeks following the second vaccination in adult PREVENT-19 participants, consistent with previously reported high vaccine efficacy.

  🖺 Full Text HTML: Immunogenicity of NVX-CoV2373 in PREVENT-19: A Phase 3, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial in Adults in the United States and Mexico
• The Heterogeneous Effects of Lockdown Policies on Air Pollution -

  While a sharp decline in air pollution has been documented during early Covid-19 lockdown periods, the stability and homogeneity of this effect are still under debate. Building on pollution data with a very high level of resolution, this paper estimates the impact of lockdown policies on PM2.5 exposure in France over the whole year 2020. Our analyses highlight a surprising and undocumented increase in exposure to particulate pollution during lockdown periods. This result is observed during both lockdown periods, in early spring and late fall, and is robust to several identification strategies and model specifications. Combining administrative datasets with machine learning techniques, this paper also highlights strong spatial heterogeneity in lockdown effects, especially according to long-term pollution exposure.

  🖺 Full Text HTML: The Heterogeneous Effects of Lockdown Policies on Air Pollution
• Cohort Profile: Post-hospitalisation COVID-19 study (PHOSP-COVID) -

  Abstract ● PHOSP-COVID is a national UK multi-centre cohort study of patients who were hospitalised for COVID-19 and subsequently discharged. ● PHOSP-COVID was established to investigate the medium- and long-term sequelae of severe COVID-19 requiring hospitalisation, understand the underlying mechanisms of these sequelae, evaluate the medium- and long-term effects of COVID-19 treatments, and to serve as a platform to enable future studies, including clinical trials. ● Data collected covered a wide range of physical measures, biological samples, and Patient Reported Outcome Measures (PROMs). ● Participants could join the cohort either in Tier 1 only with remote data collection using hospital records, a PROMs app and postal saliva sample for DNA, or in Tier 2 where they were invited to attend two specific research visits for further data collection and biological research sampling. These research visits occurred at five (range 2-7) months and 12 (range 10-14) months post-discharge. Participants could also participate in specific nested studies (Tier 3) at selected sites. ● All participants were asked to consent to further follow-up for 25 years via linkage to their electronic healthcare records and to be re-contacted for further research. ● In total, 7935 participants were recruited from 83 UK sites: 5238 to Tier 1 and 2697 to Tier 2, between August 2020 and March 2022. ● Cohort data are held in a Trusted Research Environment and samples stored in a central biobank. Data and samples can be accessed upon request and subject to approvals.

  🖺 Full Text HTML: Cohort Profile: Post-hospitalisation COVID-19 study (PHOSP-COVID)
• Living with Long COVID: Implementing a living approach to the NICE guideline on managing the long-term effects of COVID-19 -

  Objectives The aim of this paper is to describe the development and implementation of a flexible living approach to maintaining the currency of NICE′s long-term effects of COVID-19 (LTE) guideline and monitoring the uncertain evidence base of this condition. Study Design and Setting The NICE COVID-19 team reviewed its practical experiences of establishing a living approach to developing and maintaining the LTE guideline, including initial development, maintenance and eventual transition to a lower intensity model. The methods and processes were described narratively over the first 2 years of the guideline′s lifespan. This was combined with quantitative data on emerging and cumulative evidence over the period to chart the evidence landscape. Results Following publication, the initial timepoint-based update process evolved into a flexible living approach with remote topic expert engagement. Experts engaged with the new process with a 64% response rate to the online surveys. Emerging evidence increased rapidly following publication [11,405 studies assessed in 2021 and 13,181 in 2022] and was captured by continuous surveillance. There were no urgent triggers for updating from the studies identified in 2022 via the living approach, saving considerable resources over the timepoint based approach which would commit resources to planning and convening expert panel meetings. A total of 184 studies with a potential future impact were summarised to capture the cumulative evidence base. Experts highlighted ongoing research and implementation issues which have further informed surveillance of the guideline. After a sustained period without triggers for updating, the living approach was restricted to the highest priority areas with surveillance of ongoing studies. Conclusion This paper illustrates a flexible living approach taken to a novel condition with an evolving evidence landscape. Currency of some living guidelines can be maintained without the need for frequent updating.

  🖺 Full Text HTML: Living with Long COVID: Implementing a living approach to the NICE guideline on managing the long-term effects of COVID-19
• Interaction quality among children, staff and parents in German ECEC centres in the COVID-19 pandemic - Results from a longitudinal study -
  Early Education and Care (ECEC) centres had implemented a variety of protective and hygiene measures during the COVID-19 pandemic. Some of these measures temporarily restricted the behaviour of pedagogical staff, children and parents, for example keeping distance from each other or wearing face masks. This may have made it difficult for staff to offer high quality interactions with a positive, sensitive attitude towards children and parents, as would be important for good pedagogical work. Long-term effects of these distance measures on the quality of daily interactions in ECEC centres are largely unexplored. Based on a panel survey among German ECEC centre leaders over a period of one and a half years, we provide a long-term assessment of the impact of specific protective measures on different levels of interactions within ECEC centres, namely on staff-child interactions, interactions of children with each other and the cooperation between staff and parents. We found child-child interaction largely unaffected by the measures, while staff-parent interaction suffered the most. Communication with parents and regular implementation of pedagogical practices have a stabilizing effect, while keeping distance from children, face masks and (pandemic-related) staff shortages worsen staff-child interactions.
  🖺 Full Text HTML: Interaction quality among children, staff and parents in German ECEC centres in the COVID-19 pandemic - Results from a longitudinal study
• Emotional Responses to a Global Stressor: Average Patterns and Individual Differences -
  Major stressors often challenge emotional well-being—increasing negative emotions and decreasing positive emotions. But how long do these emotional hits last? Prior theory and research contain conflicting views. Some research suggests that most individuals’ emotional well-being will return to, or even surpass, baseline levels relatively quickly. Others have challenged this view, arguing that this type of resilient response is uncommon. The present research provides a strong test of resilience theory by examining emotional trajectories over the first six months of the COVID-19 pandemic. In two pre-registered longitudinal studies (total N =1,147), we examined average emotional trajectories and predictors of individual differences in emotional trajectories across 13 waves of data from February through September 2020. The pandemic had immediate detrimental effects on average emotional well-being. Across the next six months, average negative emotions returned to baseline levels with the greatest improvements occurring almost immediately. Yet, positive emotions remained depleted relative to baseline levels, illustrating the limits of typical resilience. Individuals differed substantially around these average emotional trajectories and these individual differences were predicted by socio-demographic characteristics and stressor exposure. We discuss theoretical implications of these findings that we hope will contribute to more nuanced approaches to studying, understanding, and improving emotional well-being following major stressors.
  🖺 Full Text HTML: Emotional Responses to a Global Stressor: Average Patterns and Individual Differences
• Healthcare resource utilisation and costs of hospitalisation and primary care among adults with COVID-19 in England: a population-based cohort study -

  Objectives To quantify healthcare resource utilisation (HCRU) and costs to the National Health Service (NHS) associated with acute COVID-19 in adults in England. Design Population-based retrospective cohort study, using Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) Aurum primary care electronic medical records linked when available to Hospital Episode Statistics (HES) secondary care administrative data. Setting Patients registered to primary care practices in England. Population 1,706,368 adults with a positive SARS-CoV-2 PCR or antigen test from August 2020 to January 2022 were included; 13,105 within the hospitalised cohort indexed between August 2020 and March 2021, and 1,693,263 within the primary care cohort indexed between August 2020 and January 2022. Main outcome measures Primary and secondary care HCRU and associated costs during the acute phase of COVID-19 (≤4 weeks following positive test), stratified by age group, risk of severe COVID-19 and immunocompromised status. Results Among the hospitalised cohort, average total length of stay, as well as in critical care wards, was longer in older adults. Median healthcare cost per hospitalisation was higher in those aged 75 - 84 (£8,942) and ≥85 years (£8,835) than in those aged <50 years (£7,703). Whilst few (6.0%) patients in critical care required mechanical ventilation, its use was higher in older adults (50 - 74 years: 8.3%; <50 years: 4.3%). HCRU and associated costs were often greater in those at higher risk of severe COVID-19 when compared to the overall cohort, although minimal differences in HCRU were found across the three different high-risk definitions implemented. Among the primary care cohort, GP or nurse consultations were more frequent among older adults and the immunocompromised. Conclusions COVID-19 related hospitalisations in older adults, particularly critical care admissions, were the primary drivers of high resource use of COVID-19 in England. These findings may inform health policy decisions and resource allocation in the prevention and management of COVID-19.

  🖺 Full Text HTML: Healthcare resource utilisation and costs of hospitalisation and primary care among adults with COVID-19 in England: a population-based cohort study

From Clinical Trials

• The Standard of Care Combined With Glucocorticoid in Elderly People With Mild or Moderate COVID-19 - Condition:   COVID-19
  Intervention:   Drug: Glucocorticoid
  Sponsor:   Huashan Hospital
  Not yet recruiting

• Arginine Replacement Therapy in COVID-19 - Condition:   COVID-19
  Intervention:   Drug: Arginine Hydrochloride
  Sponsor:   Emory University
  Not yet recruiting

• Effectiveness of a Second COVID-19 Vaccine Booster in Chinese Adults - Condition:   COVID-19
  Interventions:   Biological: Intramuscularly administered Ad5-nCoV vaccine;   Biological: Aerosolized Ad5-nCoV;   Biological: DelNS1-2019-nCoV-RBD-OPT1;   Biological: SYS6006
  Sponsor:   Jiangsu Province Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
  Not yet recruiting

• Long COVID-19 Syndrome Lifestyle Intervention Study - Condition:   Long COVID-19 Syndrome
  Intervention:   Dietary Supplement: Low carbohydrate diet intervention
  Sponsor:   University of Southern California
  Not yet recruiting

• PAxlovid loNg cOvid-19 pRevention triAl With recruitMent In the Community in Norway - Conditions:   Post COVID-19 Condition, Unspecified;   SARS-CoV2 Infection;   COVID-19
  Interventions:   Drug: Nirmatrelvir/ritonavir;   Drug: Placebo
  Sponsors:   Haukeland University Hospital;   University of Bergen
  Not yet recruiting

• Working Towards Empowered Community-driven Approaches to Increase Vaccination and Preventive Care Engagement - Condition:   COVID-19
  Interventions:   Other: mHealth Outreach;   Other: Care Coordination
  Sponsors:   University of California, San Diego;   San Ysidro Health Center
  Not yet recruiting

• Safety, Tolerability and Immunogenicity of Alveavax-v1.2, a BA.2/Omicron-optimized, DNA Vaccine for COVID-19 Prevention - Condition:   Sars-CoV-2 Infection
  Interventions:   Drug: Alveavax-v1.2;   Drug: Janssen Ad26.COV2.S
  Sponsor:   Alvea Holdings, LLC
  Completed

• Role of Anthropometric Indices and Vit-D Supplementation on BioNTech, Pfizer Vaccine Side Effect and Immunoglobulin G Response Against SARS-CoV-2 in Individuals Infected With COVID-19; A Randomized Control Trial - Condition:   Role of Anthropometric Indices and Vit-D Supplementation on BioNTech, Pfizer Vaccine Side Effect and IgG Response Against SARS-CoV-2
  Intervention:   Combination Product: Vitamin-D
  Sponsor:   Sulaimany Polytechnic university
  Completed

• COVID-19 Vaccination Detoxification in LDL-C - Conditions:   COVID-19 Stress Syndrome;   COVID-19 Vaccine Adverse Reaction;   COVID-19-Associated Thromboembolism;   COVID-19 Post-Intensive Care Syndrome;   COVID-19-Associated Stroke;   COVID-19 Respiratory Infection
  Intervention:   Combination Product: Atorvastatin Calcium Tablets
  Sponsor:   Yang I. Pachankis
  Active, not recruiting

• Post Covid-19 Dysautonomia Rehabilitation Randomized Controlled Trial - Conditions:   Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome;   Dysautonomia
  Interventions:   Procedure: Rehabilitation;   Procedure: Standard of Care
  Sponsors:   Evangelismos Hospital;   National and Kapodistrian University of Athens;   LONG COVID GREECE;   414 Military Hospital of Special Diseases
  Recruiting

• Exercise for Health in Patients With Post-acute Sequelae of COVID-19 - Condition:   Long COVID
  Intervention:   Other: Rehabilitation program
  Sponsors:   Campus docent Sant Joan de Déu-Universitat de Barcelona;   Hospital de Mataró;   University of Barcelona
  Active, not recruiting

• Digital Multimodal Rehabilitation for People With Post-acute COVID-19 Syndrome. - Condition:   Post-COVID Syndrome
  Interventions:   Behavioral: RehabCovid_Telematic;   Behavioral: RehabCovid_ImmersiveVR;   Behavioral: Control_Condition
  Sponsors:   Consorci Sanitari de Terrassa;   University of Barcelona;   Universitat de Girona;   Unitat Assistencial i Preventiva de l’Esport- Centre d’Alt rendiment;   Politecnic University of Catalonia;   Corporación Fisiogestión
  Recruiting

• A Study in Healthy Volunteers to Evaluate the Safety, Tolerability, Pharmacokinetics, and Drug-Drug Interaction Potential of Single and Multiple Doses of ALG-097558 - Condition:   COVID-19
  Interventions:   Drug: ALG-097558;   Drug: Placebo;   Drug: Midazolam;   Drug: Itraconazole;   Drug: Carbamazepine;   Drug: ALG-097558 in solution formulation;   Drug: ALG-097558 in tablet formulation
  Sponsor:   Aligos Therapeutics
  Not yet recruiting

• Immunoadsorption Study Mainz in Adults With Post-COVID Syndrome - Conditions:   Post-COVID-19 Syndrome;   Post-COVID Syndrome;   Post COVID-19 Condition
  Interventions:   Device: Immunoadsorption;   Device: Sham-apheresis
  Sponsor:   University Medical Center Mainz
  Recruiting

• Efficacy and Safety of Auricular Acupuncture in Depression During the Covid 19 Pandemic - Conditions:   Depressive Symptoms;   Depression;   Anxiety;   Insomnia;   Quality of Life
  Intervention:   Device: Auricular Acupuncture
  Sponsors:   Universidade do Sul de Santa Catarina;   University of Sao Paulo
  Not yet recruiting

From PubMed

• Long-term consequences of COVID-19 on mental health and the impact of a physically active lifestyle: a narrative review - CONCLUSIONS: Preventive measures must be undertaken, such as the vaccination of the entire population, vaccination hesitancy discouragement by creating awareness among individuals, and people’s engagement in a physically active lifestyle, since being physically active is a low-cost and effective measure to restore or inhibit the negative outcomes from COVID-19 on mental health.

• Cruciferous vegetable-derived indole-3-carbinol prevents coronavirus cell egression mechanisms in tracheal and intestinal 3D in vitro models - The potential antiviral effects of indole-3-carbinol (I3C), a phytochemical found in Cruciferous vegetables, were investigated. Fibroblasts and epithelial cells were co-cultured on Alvetex® scaffolds, to obtain ad hoc 3D in vitro platforms able to mimic the trachea and intestinal mucosae, which represent the primary structures involved in the coronavirus pathogenesis. The two barriers generated in vitro were treated with various concentrations of I3C for different incubation periods. A…

• Structural requirements of Holothuria floridana fucosylated chondroitin sulfate oligosaccharides in anti-SARS-CoV-2 and anticoagulant activities - Fucosylated chondroitin sulfate (FucCS) is a unique glycosaminoglycan found primarily in sea cucumbers. This marine sulfated glycan is composed of a chondroitin sulfate backbone decorated with fucosyl branches attached to the glucuronic acid. FucCS exhibits potential biological actions including inhibition of blood clotting and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) infection. These biological effects have been attributed to certain structural features, including molecular…

• Luteolin inhibits spike protein of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) binding to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 - Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a respiratory illness that poses a serious threat to global public health. In an essential step during infection, SARS-CoV-2 uses the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the spike (S) protein to engage with angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) in host cells. Chinese herbal medicines and their active components exhibit antiviral activity, with luteolin being a flavonoid that can significantly…

• Nature-inspired catalytic asymmetric rearrangement of cyclopropylcarbinyl cation - In nature, cyclopropylcarbinyl cation is often involved in cationic cascade reactions catalyzed by natural enzymes to produce a great number of structurally diverse natural substances. However, mimicking this natural process with artificial organic catalysts remains a daunting challenge in synthetic chemistry. We report a small molecule-catalyzed asymmetric rearrangement of cyclopropylcarbinyl cations, leading to a series of chiral homoallylic sulfide products with good to excellent yields and…

• Designer DNA NanoGripper - DNA has shown great biocompatibility, programmable mechanical properties, and structural addressability at the nanometer scale, making it a versatile material for building high precision nanorobotics for biomedical applications. Herein, we present design principle, synthesis, and characterization of a DNA nanorobotic hand, called the “NanoGripper”, that contains a palm and four bendable fingers as inspired by human hands, bird claws, and bacteriophages evolved in nature. Each NanoGripper finger…

• Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Organ-Specific Effects of 2-Deoxyglucose Treatment in Healthy Mice - CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that 2DG has a systemic impact that varies across organs, potentially affecting multiple pathways and functions. The study provides insights into the potential therapeutic benefits of 2DG across different diseases and highlights the importance of understanding its systemic effects for future research and clinical applications.

• 90K/LGALS3BP expression is upregulated in COVID-19 but may not restrict SARS-CoV-2 infection - Glycoprotein 90K, encoded by the interferon-stimulated gene LGALS3BP, displays broad antiviral activity. It reduces HIV-1 infectivity by interfering with Env maturation and virion incorporation, and increases survival of Influenza A virus-infected mice via antiviral innate immune signaling. Its antiviral potential in SARS-CoV-2 infection remains largely unknown. Here, we analyzed the expression of 90K/LGALS3BP in 44 hospitalized COVID-19 patients at multiple levels. We quantified 90K protein…

• SARS-CoV-2 S1 Subunit Booster Vaccination Elicits Robust Humoral Immune Responses in Aged Mice - The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants has raised concerns about reduced vaccine effectiveness and the increased risk of infection, and while repeated homologous booster shots are recommended for elderly and immunocompromised individuals, they cannot completely protect against breakthrough infections. In our previous study, we assessed the immunogenicity of an adenovirus-based vaccine expressing SARS-CoV-2 S1 (Ad5.S1) in mice, which induced robust…

• Frontline Worker Safety in the Age of COVID-19: A Global Perspective - The third annual Health Watch USAsm webinar conference assembled 16 speakers from 4 continents who shared information regarding frontline worker safety in the age of COVID-19. The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported a nearly 4000% increase in workplace illness in 2020 compared with 2019. It is estimated that 2% of the U.S. workforce is not working because of long COVID. In addition, the impact is growing with each surge. After the acute illness, patients are often described as recovered,…

• Reparixin improves survival in critically ill and transplant patients: A meta-analysis - CONCLUSIONS: The findings of this meta-analysis indicate that reparixin, an anti-inflammatory drug, improved survival in critically ill or transplant patients (including both COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 patients) without increasing the risk of infection.

• Bioinformatics approach to analyse COVID-19 biomarkers accountable for generation of intracranial aneurysm in COVID-19 patients - COVID-19 became a health emergency on January 30, 2020. SARS-CoV-2 is the causative agent of the coronavirus disease known as COVID-19 and can develop cardiometabolic and neurological disorders. Intracranial aneurysm (IA) is considered the most significant reason for hemorrhagic stroke,and it accounts for approximately 85% of all subarachnoid hemorrhages (SAH). Retinoid signaling abnormalities may explain COVID-19’s pathogenesis with inhibition of AEH2, from which COVID-19 infection may enhance…

• Adjunctive therapy with lipid-lowering agents in COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials - CONCLUSION: Although some observational studies found improved outcomes in patients using lipid-lowering agents, our study found no benefit in adding statins, fenofibrate, or nicotinamide to COVID-19 treatment. On the other hand, PCSK9 inhibitors can be a good candidate for further assessment. Finally, there are major limitations in the use of omega-3 supplements in treating COVID-19 and more trials are warranted to evaluate this efficacy.

• SARS-CoV-2 envelope protein triggers depression-like behaviors and dysosmia via TLR2-mediated neuroinflammation in mice - CONCLUSIONS: Our study demonstrates that envelope protein could directly induce depression-like behaviors, dysosmia, and obvious neuroinflammation in CNS. TLR2 mediated depression-like behaviors and dysosmia induced by envelope protein, which could serve as a promising therapeutic target for neurological manifestation in COVID-19 patients.

• Eight-Month Follow-up After the Third Dose of BNT162b2 Vaccine in Healthcare Workers: The Question of a Fourth Dose - CONCLUSION: For HCWs who had coronavirus disease 2019 infection after completing a third vaccination, a sufficient antibody response was maintained until eight months after the third dose. The recommendation of the fourth dose may not be prioritized in subjects with hybrid immunity.

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