Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is associated with mortality in patients hospitalized with COVID-19, however, its incidence, geographic distribution, and temporal trends since the start of the pandemic are understudied. Methods: Electronic health record data were obtained from 53 health systems in the United States (US) in the National COVID Cohort Collaborative (N3C). We selected hospitalized adults diagnosed with COVID-19 between March 6th, 2020, and January 6th, 2022. AKI was determined with serum creatinine (SCr) and diagnosis codes. Time were divided into 16-weeks (P1-6) periods and geographical regions into Northeast, Midwest, South, and West. Multivariable models were used to analyze the risk factors for AKI or mortality. Results: Out of a total cohort of 306,061, 126,478 (41.0 %) patients had AKI. Among these, 17.9% lacked a diagnosis code but had AKI based on the change in SCr. Similar to patients coded for AKI, these patients had higher mortality compared to those without AKI. The incidence of AKI was highest in P1 (49.3%), reduced in P2 (40.6%), and relatively stable thereafter. Compared to the Midwest, the Northeast, South, and West had higher adjusted AKI incidence in P1, subsequently, the South and West regions continued to have the highest relative incidence. In multivariable models, AKI defined by either SCr or diagnostic code, and the severity of AKI was associated with mortality. Conclusions: Uncoded cases of COVID-19-associated AKI are common and associated with mortality. The incidence and distribution of COVID-19-associated AKI have changed since the first wave of the pandemic in the US.
Background: The imposition of restrictions on social mixing early in the COVID-19 pandemic was followed by a reduction in asthma exacerbations in multiple settings internationally. Temporal trends in social mixing, incident acute respiratory infections (ARI) and asthma exacerbations following relaxation of COVID-19 restrictions have not yet been described. Methods: We conducted a population-based longitudinal study in 2,312 UK adults with asthma between November 2020 and April 2022. Details of face covering use, social mixing, incident ARI and moderate/severe asthma exacerbations were collected via monthly on-line questionnaires. Temporal changes in these parameters were visualised using Poisson generalised additive models. Multilevel logistic regression was used to test for associations between incident ARI and risk of asthma exacerbations, adjusting for potential confounders. Results: Relaxation of COVID-19 restrictions from April 2021 coincided with reduced face covering use (p<0.001), increased frequency of indoor visits to public places and other households (p<0.001) and rising incidence of COVID-19 (p<0.001), non-COVID-19 ARI (p<0.001) and moderate/severe asthma exacerbations (p=0.007). Incident non-COVID-19 ARI associated independently with increased risk of asthma exacerbation (adjusted odds ratio 5.75, 95% CI 4.75 to 6.97) as did incident COVID-19, both prior to emergence of the omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 (5.89, 3.45 to 10.04) and subsequently (5.69, 3.89 to 8.31). Conclusions: Relaxation of COVID-19 restrictions coincided with decreased face covering use, increased social mixing and a rebound in ARI and asthma exacerbations. Associations between incident ARI and risk of moderate/severe asthma exacerbation were similar for non-COVID-19 ARI and COVID-19, both before and after emergence of the SARS-CoV-2 omicron variant.
Background: Since its first case of COVID-19 on March 13, 2020 and Ethiopia has exerted efforts to curb the spread of the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) without imposing a nationwide lockdown. Globally, COVID-19 related disruptions and mitigation measures have impacted livelihoods and food systems, nutrition, as well as access and use of health services. Objective: To develop a comprehensive understanding of the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on food security and maternal and child nutrition and health services and to synthesize lessons from policy responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in Ethiopia. Methods: We conducted a review of literature and 8 key informant interviews across government agencies, donors, and non-governmental organizations (NGOs), to map the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on the food and health systems in Ethiopia. We summarized policy responses and identified recommendations for future actions related to the COVID-19 pandemic and other future emergencies. Results: The impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic were felt across the food system. Disruptions were noted in inputs supply due to travel restrictions and closed borders restricting trade, reduced in-person support by agriculture extension workers, income losses, increases in food prices, and the reduction in food security and consumption of less diverse diets. Maternal and child health services were disrupted due to fear of contacting COVID-19, diversion of resources, and lack of personal protective equipment. Disruptions eased over time due to the expansion of social protection, through the Productive Safety Net Program, and the increased outreach and home service provision by the health extension workers. Conclusion: Ethiopia experienced disruptions to food systems and expanded existing social protection and public health infrastructure and leveraged partnerships with non-state actors. Nevertheless, vulnerabilities and gaps remain and there is a need for a long-term strategy that considers the cyclical nature of COVID-19 cases.
Vaccine hesitancy is one of the critical challenges for the implementation of a successful vaccination strategy. Rates of vaccine hesitancy and refusal vary substantially across different socioeconomic groups, and can result in those considered most vulnerable to disease having the lowest levels of uptake. Widespread coverage of COVID-19 vaccination is of particular importance as prevalence remains high, in effort to reduce overall burden from serious disease. Scotland9s COVID-19 vaccination programme has progressed to booster vaccinations, however uptake is falling across successive doses, and there is concern that some vulnerable individuals will not have sustained protection. To this end we analyse uptake in Scotland9s first (starting September 2021) booster dose round, as a benchmark for future rounds. We fit a machine learning model to explain variation in uptake across Scotland at fine population scales. The model is able to estimate a neighbourhood9s booster uptake with high precision using its population structure and relative deprivation alone, without any knowledge of geographic location. This is indicative of a strong relationship between increasing local deprivation and falling uptake, and specifically in those failing to return for a booster, despite getting a first dose. Geographically, this manifests as clusters of lower uptake, coinciding with communities with higher deprivation. With an upcoming booster rollout in Autumn 2022, we use first booster uptake as a baseline, to generate a set of plausible distributions for future uptake, if nationwide uptake were to fall. We make the core assumption that as uptake falls, trends with respect to deprivation will persist. Projected uptake declines more rapidly in clusters of more deprived neighbourhoods. If these projected distributions were to manifest, gaps in immunity would emerge in more deprived communities, which have historically had the highest rates of COVID-19 hospitalisation and mortality.
Booster Study of COVID-19 Protein Subunit Recombinant Vaccine - Condition: COVID-19
Interventions: Biological: SARS-CoV-2 subunit protein recombinant vaccine; Biological: Active Comparator
Sponsors: PT Bio Farma; Faculty of Medicine Universitas Padjadjaran; Faculty of Medicine Universitas Udayana
Recruiting
A Study to Evaluate the Immunogenicity and Safety of a Recombinant Protein COVID-19 Vaccine SCTV01E-1 in Population Aged Above 18 Years - Conditions: COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2 Infection
Interventions: Biological: SCTV01E-1 on D0; Biological: SCTV01E-1 on D28; Biological: SCTV01E-1 on D150; Biological: SCTV01E on D0; Biological: SCTV01E on D28; Biological: SCTV01E on D150; Biological: SCTV01E-1 on D120; Biological: SCTV01E on D120
Sponsor: Sinocelltech Ltd.
Not yet recruiting
A Novel Parameter LIT/N That Predicts Survival in COVID-19 ICU Patients - Condition: COVID-19 Pneumonia
Intervention: Diagnostic Test: the LIT test
Sponsors: Gazi University; Oxford MediStress
Completed
Efficacy and Safety of ES16001 in Patients With COVID-19 - Condition: COVID-19
Interventions: Drug: ES16001 40 mg; Drug: ES16001 80 mg; Drug: ES16001 160 mg; Drug: Placebo
Sponsor: Genencell Co. Ltd.
Recruiting
Phase 2a Trial to Evaluate Safety and Immunogenicity of COVID-19 Vaccine Strategies in HIV-infected/Uninfected Adults. - Condition: COVID-19
Intervention: Drug: Ad26.COV2.S (VAC31518, JNJ-78436735) Vaccine, SARS-CoV-2 rS (CovovaxTM), BNT162b2 (Pfizer)
Sponsors: The Aurum Institute NPC; Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations
Recruiting
COVID Protection After Transplant - Sanofi GSK (CPAT-SG) Study - Conditions: COVID-19; Kidney Transplant
Intervention: Biological: Sanofi-GSK monovalent (B.1.351) CoV2 preS dTM-AS03 COVID-19 vaccine
Sponsors: National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID); PPD; Johns Hopkins University; Sanofi Pasteur, a Sanofi Company
Not yet recruiting
Safety and Immunogenicity of COVID-19 Vaccine, AdCLD-CoV19-1 - Conditions: COVID-19; Vaccines
Intervention: Biological: AdCLD-CoV19-1
Sponsors: International Vaccine Institute; Cellid Co., Ltd.
Not yet recruiting
Smartphone Intervention for Overdose and COVID-19 - Conditions: Substance Use Disorders; Overdose; COVID-19
Intervention: Device: iThrive WI Intervention
Sponsors: University of Wisconsin, Madison; National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA)
Not yet recruiting
A Study to Evaluate the Safety and Immunogenicity of COVID-19 and Influenza Combination Vaccine - Conditions: COVID-19; Influenza
Interventions: Drug: CIC Vaccine; Drug: qNIV Vaccine; Drug: SARS-CoV-2 rS Vaccine; Drug: Influenza Vaccine
Sponsor: Novavax
Not yet recruiting
Study to Assess Efficacy and Safety of Treamid for Patients With Reduced Exercise Tolerance After COVID-19 - Conditions: SARS-CoV-2 Infection; Lung Fibrosis
Interventions: Drug: Treamid; Drug: Treamid twice a day; Drug: Treamid once a day; Drug: Placebo
Sponsor: PHARMENTERPRISES LLC
Not yet recruiting
Self-proning and Repositioning in COVID-19 Outpatients at Risk of Complicated Illness - Conditions: COVID-19; COVID-19 Pneumonia; Proning; Hospitalization; Death; Outpatient; Complication
Intervention: Other: Self-proning
Sponsors: Unity Health Toronto; Applied Health Research Centre
Recruiting
Effects of Immulina TM Supplements With PASC Patients - Condition: Post Acute COVID-19 Syndrome
Interventions: Dietary Supplement: Immulina TM; Dietary Supplement: Placebo
Sponsors: University of Mississippi Medical Center; National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS)
Not yet recruiting
Evaluation of Clinical Performance and Usability of iStatis COVID-19 Ag Rapid Test at POC - Conditions: COVID-19 Virus Infection; COVID-19; Coronavirus Disease-19; COVID-19 Pandemic; SARS-CoV-2 Infection
Interventions: Diagnostic Test: iStatis COVID-19 Ag Rapid Test; Diagnostic Test: “COVID-19 RT-PCR Test EUA Number: EUA200011, Company: Laboratory Corporation of America (”Labcorp")
Sponsor: bioLytical Laboratories
Completed
Resilience Intervention for Health Professionals COVID-19 - Condition: Mental Health Wellness 1
Intervention: Other: Mindfulness-based Intervention
Sponsor: Universidad de Monterrey
Completed
Addressing Post-COVID-19 Musculoskeletal Symptoms - Conditions: Telemedicine; Musculoskeletal Disease; SARS-CoV-2; Pain; COVID-19; Exercise
Interventions: Other: Multicomponent exercise program; Other: Tele-health primary care rehabilitation program
Sponsor: Universidad Europea de Madrid
Not yet recruiting
Semi-selective plasma filtration applied to the treatment of acquired thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura following bnt162b2 administration - Following the widespread use of anti SARS-CoV-2 vaccines, there have been reports of thrombocytopenia developing after the administration of different types of vaccine. We report a case of a 63-year-old male who developed neurological symptoms after receiving the second dose of the bnt162b2 vaccine. Blood tests performed upon admission to the Emergency Department revealed severe thrombocytopenia and microangiopathic hemolytic anemia. ADAMTS13 activity was undetectable and antibody titer was…
Native and activated antithrombin inhibits TMPRSS2 activity and SARS-CoV-2 infection - Host cell proteases such as TMPRSS2 are critical determinants of SARS-CoV-2 tropism and pathogenesis. Here, we show that antithrombin (AT), an endogenous serine protease inhibitor regulating coagulation, is a broad-spectrum inhibitor of coronavirus infection. Molecular docking and enzyme activity assays demonstrate that AT binds and inhibits TMPRSS2, a serine protease that primes the Spike proteins of coronaviruses for subsequent fusion. Consequently, AT blocks entry driven by the Spikes of…
Dipeptidylpeptidase (DPP)-4 inhibitor therapy increases circulating levels of anti-inflammatory soluble frizzle receptor protein (sFRP)-5 which is decreased in severe COVID-19 disease - Obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) show an increased risk for a severe COVID-19 disease. Treatment with DPP4 inhibitor (DPP4i) results in reduced mortality and better clinical outcome. Here, we aimed to identify potential mechanisms for the observed DPP4i effect in COVID-19. Comparing T2D subjects with and without DPP4i treatment, we identified a significant increase of the anti-inflammatory adipokine sFRP5 in relation to DPP4 inhibition. sFRP5 is a specific antagonist to Wnt5a, a glycopeptide…
Retro-2 alters Golgi structure - Retro-2 directly interacts with an ER exit site protein, Sec16A, inhibiting ER exit of a Golgi tSNARE, Syntaxin5, which results in rapid re-distribution of Syntaxin5 to the ER. Recently, it was shown that SARS-CoV-2 infection disrupts the Golgi apparatus within 6-12 h, while its replication was effectively inhibited by Retro-2 in cultured human lung cells. Yet, exactly how Retro-2 may influence ultrastructure of the Golgi apparatus have not been thoroughly investigated. In this study, we…
The Pathogenesis of African Trypanosomiasis - African trypanosomes are bloodstream protozoan parasites that infect mammals including humans, where they cause sleeping sickness. Long-lasting infection is required to favor parasite transmission between hosts. Therefore, trypanosomes have developed strategies to continuously escape innate and adaptive responses of the immune system, while also preventing premature death of the host. The pathology linked to infection mainly results from inflammation and includes anemia and brain dysfunction in…
Pre-exposure to mRNA-LNP inhibits adaptive immune responses and alters innate immune fitness in an inheritable fashion - Hundreds of millions of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA-LNP vaccine doses have already been administered to humans. However, we lack a comprehensive understanding of the immune effects of this platform. The mRNA-LNP-based SARS-CoV-2 vaccine is highly inflammatory, and its synthetic ionizable lipid component responsible for the induction of inflammation has a long in vivo half-life. Since chronic inflammation can lead to immune exhaustion and non-responsiveness, we sought to determine the effects of pre-exposure…
Cotton flower metabolites inhibit SARS-CoV-2 main protease - Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been spreading globally for over two years, causing serious contagious disease and incalculable damage. The introduction of vaccines has slowed the spread of SARS-CoV-2 to some extent, but there remains a need for specific and effective treatment. The high chemical diversity and safety profiles of natural products make them a potential source of effective anti-SARS-CoV-2 drugs. Cotton plant is one of the most important economic and…
Lipocalin-2 is an essential component of the innate immune response to Acinetobacter baumannii infection - Acinetobacter baumannii is an opportunistic pathogen and an emerging global health threat. Within healthcare settings, major presentations of A. baumannii include bloodstream infections and ventilator-associated pneumonia. The increased prevalence of ventilated patients during the COVID-19 pandemic has led to a rise in secondary bacterial pneumonia caused by multidrug resistant (MDR) A. baumannii. Additionally, due to its MDR status and the lack of antimicrobial drugs in the development…
Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus ORF4b protein inhibits TLR7- and TLR9-dependent alpha interferon induction - The Toll-like receptor (TLR)7- and TLR9-dependent signaling cascade is responsible for production of a large amount of alpha interferon by plasmacytoid dendritic cells upon viral infection. Here, we show that Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) accessory protein ORF4b has the most potential among the MERS-CoV accessory proteins to inhibit the TLR7/9-signaling-dependent alpha interferon production. ORF4b protein, which has a bipartite nuclear localization signal, was found to…
Human ACE2 Peptide-Attached Plasmonic-Magnetic Heterostructure for Magnetic Separation, Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy Identification, and Inhibition of Different Variants of SARS-CoV-2 Infections - The emergence of Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta, and Omicron variants of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is responsible for several million deaths up to now. Because of the huge amount of vaccine escape mutations in the spike (S) protein for different variants, the design of material for combating SARS-CoV-2 is very important for our society. Herein, we report on the design of a human angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) peptide-conjugated plasmonic-magnetic…
Eugenol alleviates transmissible gastroenteritis virus-induced intestinal epithelial injury by regulating NF-κB signaling pathway - Increasing evidence supports the ability of eugenol to maintain intestinal barrier integrity and anti-inflammatory in vitro and in vivo; however, whether eugenol alleviates virus-mediated intestinal barrier damage and inflammation remains a mystery. Transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV), a coronavirus, is one of the main causative agents of diarrhea in piglets and significantly impacts the global swine industry. Here, we found that eugenol could alleviate TGEV-induced intestinal functional…
Blood-brain Barrier Damage is Pivotal for SARS-CoV-2 Infection to the Central Nervous System - Transsynaptic transport is the most accepted proposal to explain the SARS-CoV-2 infection of the CNS. Nevertheless, emerging evidence shows that neurons do not express the SARS-CoV-2 receptor ACE2, which highlights the importance of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) in preventing virus entry to the brain. In this study, we examine the presence of SARS-CoV-2 messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) and the cytokine profile in cerebrospinal fluids (CSF) from two patients with a brain tumor and COVID-19. To…
Insights into functional connectivity in mammalian signal transduction pathways by pairwise comparison of protein interaction partners of critical signaling hubs - Growth factors and cytokines activate signal transduction pathways and regulate gene expression in eukaryotes. Intracellular domains of activated receptors recruit several protein kinases as well as transcription factors that serve as platforms or hubs for the assembly of multi-protein complexes. The signaling hubs involved in a related biologic function often share common interaction proteins and target genes. This functional connectivity suggests that a pairwise comparison of protein…
Molecular Docking Study of Several Seconder Metabolites from Medicinal Plants as Potential Inhibitors of COVID-19 Main Protease - CONCLUSION: Our results obtained from docking studies suggest that pycnamine should be examined in vitro to combat 2019-CoV. Moreover, pycnamine might be a promising lead compound for anti-CoV drugs.
Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal (Ashwagandha) for the possible therapeutics and clinical management of SARS-CoV-2 infection: Plant-based drug discovery and targeted therapy - Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has killed huge populations throughout the world and acts as a high-risk factor for elderly and young immune-suppressed patients. There is a critical need to build up secure, reliable, and efficient drugs against to the infection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus. Bioactive compounds of Ashwagandha [Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal] may implicate as herbal medicine for the management and treatment of patients infected…