Covid-19 Sentry

Contents

• From Preprints
• From Clinical Trials
• From PubMed
• From Patent Search

From Preprints

• Evaluating global interest in biodiversity and conservation -
  The first target of the Convention for Biological Diversity (Aichi target 1) was to increase public awareness towards the values of biodiversity and actions needed to conserve it - a key prerequisite for other conservation targets. Nevertheless, monitoring success in achieving this target at a global scale is difficult. However, the increased digitization of human life in recent decades offers an insight in people’s interests at an unprecedented scale, which allows a more comprehensive evaluation of success towards Aichi target 1 than previously attempted. Here, we used Google search volume data to evaluate global interest in biodiversity and its conservation, and investigated their correlates across countries. We found that during 2013-2020 global searches for biodiversity increased, driven mostly by searches for charismatic fauna. However, searches for conservation actions, driven mostly by searches for national parks, decreased since 2019 likely due to the COVID-19 pandemic. We further found that economic inequality was negatively correlated with interest in biodiversity and conservation, while purchasing power was indirectly positively correlated through increased education and research. Our results suggest partial success towards achieving Aichi target 1, in that interest in biodiversity has increased widely, but not for conservation. We suggest that increased outreach and education efforts towards neglected aspects of biodiversity and conservation are still needed. Popular topics in biodiversity and conservation could be leveraged to increase awareness of other topics, with attention to local socioeconomic contexts.
  🖺 Full Text HTML: Evaluating global interest in biodiversity and conservation
• Adverse outcomes in SARS-CoV-2 infected pregnant mice are gestational age-dependent and resolve with antiviral treatment -
  SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy is associated with severe COVID-19 and adverse fetal outcomes, but the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Moreover, clinical studies assessing therapeutics against SARS-CoV-2 in pregnancy are limited. To address these gaps, we developed a mouse model of SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy. Outbred CD1 mice were infected at embryonic day (E) 6, E10, or E16 with a mouse adapted SARS-CoV-2 (maSCV2) virus. Outcomes were gestational age-dependent with greater morbidity, reduced pulmonary function, reduced anti-viral immunity, greater viral titers, and more adverse fetal outcomes occurring with infection at E16 (3rd trimester-equivalent) than with infection at either E6 (1st trimester-equivalent) or E10 (2nd trimester-equivalent). To assess the efficacy of ritonavir-boosted nirmatrelvir (recommended for pregnant individuals with COVID-19), we treated E16-infected dams with mouse equivalent doses of nirmatrelvir and ritonavir. Treatment reduced pulmonary viral titers, decreased maternal morbidity, and prevented adverse offspring outcomes. Our results highlight that severe COVID-19 during pregnancy and adverse fetal outcomes are associated with heightened virus replication in maternal lungs. Ritonavir-boosted nirmatrelvir mitigated adverse maternal and fetal outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 infection. These findings prompt the need for further consideration of pregnancy in preclinical and clinical studies of therapeutics against viral infections.
  🖺 Full Text HTML: Adverse outcomes in SARS-CoV-2 infected pregnant mice are gestational age-dependent and resolve with antiviral treatment
• Understanding technostress in the gig economy – A Job Demands-Resources analysis of Chinese couriers -

  The COVID-19 pandemic has given the global e-commerce market a strong boost and concerns have been raised about intensified work stress and its consequences on health and safety. China has soon become the market leader and the rapid adoption of last-mile technology and app-based work models means that work stress associated with the use of technology (“technostress”) is under-researched. This study set out to explore what work stressors couriers in China experience and how techno-stressors interacted with other work stressors, following the Job Demands-Resources (JD-R) framework. We conducted 14 semi-structured interviews with frontline couriers in May-June 2021 in China. Five major themes were identified: general (working conditions), algorithmic management, customer sovereignty, economic precarity and networked support. A novel contribution of the study is the identification of a new stressor: techno-dominance that we define as technology-induced worker vulnerability when labour relations and managerial functions traditionally fulfilled by humans are replaced by technology systems. It can be characterised as algorithmic controls, opaque system logic, extended social controls and lack of organizational (human) support. Technology associated benefits were categorised as techno-resource, including flexible hours, intelligent systems and app-based information & trainings. Some benefits were conditional, e.g. gamification where participants became motivated or frustrated depending on their job skills, suggesting potential moderators for the demands-stress relationship. Interactions between techno-stressors and other working conditions were also found, as techno-overload, techno-invasion, techno-complexity and techno-dominance intensified work stress.

  🖺 Full Text HTML: Understanding technostress in the gig economy – A Job Demands-Resources analysis of Chinese couriers
• Hyaluronan in COVID-19 morbidity, a bedside-to-bench approach to understand 1 mechanisms and long-term consequences of hyaluronan -

  Background: We have previously shown that lungs from deceased COVID-19 patients are filled with hyaluronan (HA). In this translational study, we investigated the role of HA in all stages of COVID-19 disease, to map the consequences of elevated HA in morbidity and identify the mechanism of SARS-CoV-2-induced HA production. Methods: Lung morphology was visualized in 3D using light-sheet fluorescence microscopy. HA was verified by immunohistochemistry, and fragmentation was determined by gas-phase electrophoretic molecular mobility analysis. The association of systemic HA in blood plasma and disease severity was assessed in patients with mild (WHO Clinical Progression Scale, WHO-CPS, 1-5) and severe COVID-19 (WHO-CPS 6-9), during the acute and convalescent phases and related to lung function. In vitro 3D-lung models differentiated from primary human bronchial epithelial cells were used to study effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection on HA metabolism. Findings: Lungs of deceased COVID-19 patients displayed reduced alveolar surface area compared to healthy controls. We verified HA in alveoli and showed high levels of fragmented HA both in lung tissue and aspirates. Systemic levels of HA were high during acute COVID-19 disease, remained elevated during convalescence and associated with reduced diffusion capacity. Transcriptomic analysis of SARS-CoV-2-infected lung models showed dysregulation of HA synthases and hyaluronidases, both contributing to increased HA in apical secretions. Corticosteroid treatment reduced inflammation and, also, downregulated HA synthases. Interpretation: We show that HA plays a role in COVID-19 morbidity and that sustained elevated HA concentrations may contribute to long-term respiratory impairment. SARS-CoV-2 infection triggers a dysregulation of HA production, leading to increased concentrations of HA that are partially counteracted by corticosteroid treatment. Treatments directly targeting HA production and/or degradation can likely be used early during infection and may alleviate disease progression and prevent long-term lung complications.

  🖺 Full Text HTML: Hyaluronan in COVID-19 morbidity, a bedside-to-bench approach to understand 1 mechanisms and long-term consequences of hyaluronan
• Mathematical modelling of COVID-19 transmission dynamics with vaccination: A case study in Ethiopia -

  Mathematical modelling is critical for better understanding disease dynamics and developing strategies to manage rapidly spreading infectious diseases. Forecasting is an important aspect of infectious disease modeling, and it is critical for health care planning and disease containment. In this work, we consider a mathematical model of COVID-19 transmission with vaccination where the total population was subdivided into nine disjoint compartments, namely, Susceptible(S), Vaccinated with the first dose(V₁), Vaccinated with the second dose(V₂), Exposed (E), Asymptomatic infectious (I_a), Symptomatic infectious (I_s), Quarantined (Q), Hospitalized (H) and Recovered (R). We computed a reproduction parameter, R_v, using the next generation matrix. Analytical and numerical approach is used to investigate the results. In the analytical study of the model: we showed the local and global stability of disease-free equilibrium, the existence of the endemic equilibrium and its local stability, positivity of the solution, invariant region of the solution, transcritical bifurcation of equilibrium and conducted a sensitivity analysis of the model. From these analyses, we found that the disease-free equilibrium is globally asymptotically stable for $R_v<1$ and unstable for $R_v>1$. A locally stable endemic equilibrium exists for $R_v>1$, which shows the persistence of the disease if the reproduction parameter is greater than unity. The model is fitted to cumulative daily infected cases and vaccinated individuals data of Ethiopia from May 01, 2021 to January $ 31,2022$. The unknown parameters are estimated using the least square method with the built-in MATLAB function 9lsqcurvefit9. Finally, we performed different simulations using MATLAB and predicted the vaccine dose that will be administered at the end of two years. From the simulation results, we found that it is important to reduce the transmission rate, infectivity factor of asymptomatic cases and increase the vaccination rate, quarantine rate to control the disease transmission. Long-term simulation results show oscillatory dynamics, indicating that COVID-19 may reemerge. Predictions show that the vaccination rate has to be increased from the current rate to achieve a reasonable vaccination coverage in the next two years.

  🖺 Full Text HTML: Mathematical modelling of COVID-19 transmission dynamics with vaccination: A case study in Ethiopia
• Acute anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic was associated with higher levels of everyday altruism -
  Threatening situations have been shown to influence prosocial and altruistic behaviour in laboratory studies. However, it is unknown whether those effects would transfer to a real-life crisis like the COVID-19 pandemic. In this study, we examined the impact of changing COVID-19 threat on everyday altruism. Specifically, we investigated the association between defensive emotions associated with varying levels of perceived threat imminence, and reported frequency of altruistic behaviours. A sample of 600 United States residents was recruited online via Prolific at 4 different timepoints in March and April (n=150 each week). We collected self-report measures of everyday altruism, Perceived COVID-19 threat, and defensive emotions associated with varying threat imminence (anticipatory versus acute anxiety). Linear mixed effects models were used to predict variation in everyday altruism as a function of perceived COVID-19 threat and defensive emotions. Our results revealed a clear and consistent association between acute anxiety in response to the pandemic, and frequency of altruistic behaviours. No significant association was found between altruism and less acute defensive responses. These results suggest acute defensive emotions associated with higher threat imminence may promote altruistic action during a real-life crisis.
  🖺 Full Text HTML: Acute anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic was associated with higher levels of everyday altruism
• Estimating the Impact of Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) on Mortality in COVID-19 Patients: A Causal Inference Approach -

  Traditional machine learning (ML) approaches learn to recognize patterns in the data but fail to go beyond observing associations. Such data-driven methods can lack generalizability when the data is outside the independent and identically distributed (i.i.d) setting. Using causal inference can aid data-driven techniques to go beyond learning spurious associations and frame the data-generating process in a causal lens. We can combine domain expertise and traditional ML techniques to answer causal questions on the data. Hypothetical questions on alternate realities can also be answered with such a framework. In this paper, we estimate the causal effect of Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) on mortality in COVID-19 patients from an observational dataset of over 120,000 patients. With the help of medical experts, we hypothesize a causal graph that identifies the causal and non-causal associations, including the list of potential confounding variables. We use estimation techniques such as linear regression, matching, and machine learning (meta-learners) to estimate the causal effect. On average, our estimates show that taking PrEP can result in a 2.1% decrease in the death rate or a total of around 2,540 patients lives saved in the studied population.

  🖺 Full Text HTML: Estimating the Impact of Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) on Mortality in COVID-19 Patients: A Causal Inference Approach
• A standardised differential privacy framework for epidemiological modelling with mobile phone data -

  During the COVID-19 pandemic, the use of mobile phone data for monitoring human mobility patterns has become increasingly common, both to study the impact of travel restrictions on population movement and epidemiological modelling. Despite the importance of these data, the use of location information to guide public policy can raise issues of privacy and ethical use. Studies have shown that simple aggregation does not protect the privacy of an individual, and there are no universal standards for aggregation that guarantee anonymity. Newer methods, such as differential privacy, can provide statistically verifiable protection against identifiability but have been largely untested as inputs for compartment models used in infectious disease epidemiology. Our study examines the application of differential privacy as an anonymisation tool in epidemiological models, studying the impact of adding quantifiable statistical noise to mobile phone-based location data on the bias of ten common epidemiological metrics. We find that many epidemiological metrics are preserved and remain close to their non-private values when the true noise state is less than 20, in a count transition matrix, which corresponds to a privacy-less parameter  per release. We show that differential privacy offers a robust approach to preserving individual privacy in mobility data while providing useful population-level insights for public health.  Importantly, we have built a modular software pipeline to facilitate the replication and expansion of our framework.

  🖺 Full Text HTML: A standardised differential privacy framework for epidemiological modelling with mobile phone data
• Coverage of state-initiated contact-tracing during COVID-19 and factors influencing it: evidence from real-world data -

  Contact tracing has been one of the central non-pharmaceutical interventions implemented worldwide to try to control the spread of Sars-CoV-2, but its effectiveness strongly depends on its ability to detect contacts. To investigate this issue, we analysed an extensive operational database of SARS-CoV-2 tests in Geneva and used permutations statistics to estimate the number of secondary infectious contacts occurring at the same address. Results show that manual contact tracing captured on average 41% of the secondary infections occurring at the address, with variation in time from 23% during epidemic peaks to 60% during low epidemic activity. The under-reporting of contacts is influenced by both socio-economic and structural factors. People living in wealthy neighbourhoods are less likely to report contacts (adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 1.6) People living in buildings are also less likely to report contacts, with an aOR of 1.08 to 3.14 depending on the variant of concern, the size of the building and if the building had shops. This under-reporting of contacts in buildings decreased during periods of mandatory mask wearing and restriction of private gathering, highlighting the importance of public measures in reducing unnoticed infections in shared spaces. More effective contact tracing strategy should be partly digitalized to avoid saturation of contact tracing capacity during high activity of the pandemics. Public message and outreach should communicate on avoiding unnoticed infectious contacts in large building and may benefit from targeting specific population, such as those in wealthy areas.

  🖺 Full Text HTML: Coverage of state-initiated contact-tracing during COVID-19 and factors influencing it: evidence from real-world data
• Modelling the impact of non-pharmaceutical interventions on workplace transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in the home-delivery sector -

  Objective: We aimed to use mathematical models of SARS-COV-2 to assess the potential efficacy of non-pharmaceutical interventions on transmission in the parcel delivery and logistics sector. Methods: We developed a network-based model of workplace contacts based on data and consultations from companies in the parcel delivery and logistics sectors. We used these in stochastic simulations of disease transmission to predict the probability of workplace outbreaks in this settings. Individuals in the model have different viral load trajectories based on SARS-CoV-2 in-host dynamics, which couple to their infectiousness and test positive probability over time, in order to determine the impact of testing and isolation measures. Results: The baseline model (without any interventions) showed different workplace infection rates for staff in different job roles. Based on our assumptions of contact patterns in the parcel delivery work setting we found that when a delivery driver was the index case, on average they infect only 0.14 other employees , while for warehouse and office workers this went up to 0.65 and 2.24 respectively. In the large-item delivery setting this was predicted to be 1.40, 0.98, and 1.34 respectively. Nonetheless, the vast majority of simulations resulted in 0 secondary cases among customers (even without contact-free delivery). Our results showed that a combination of social distancing, office staff working from home, and fixed driver pairings (all interventions carried out by the companies we consulted) reduce the risk of workplace outbreaks by 3-4 times. Conclusion: This work suggests that, without interventions, significant transmission could have occured in these workplaces, but that these posed minimal risk to customers. We found that identifying and isolating regular close-contacts of infectious individuals (i.e. house-share, carpools, or delivery pairs) is an efficient measure for stopping workplace outbreaks. Regular testing can make these isolation measures even more effective but also increases the number of staff isolating at one time. It is therefore more efficient to use these isolation measures in addition to social distancing and contact reduction interventions, rather than instead of, as these reduce both transmission and the number of people needing to isolate at one time.

  🖺 Full Text HTML: Modelling the impact of non-pharmaceutical interventions on workplace transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in the home-delivery sector
• The Covid-19 dashboard and back to the question of the cost of science -
  Perhaps a very large portion of humankind, if not the vast majority, owes some sincere gratitude to the JHU Covid-19 dashboard.
  🖺 Full Text HTML: The Covid-19 dashboard and back to the question of the cost of science
• The Risk-Benefit Balance in the COVID-19 “Vaccine Hesitancy” Literature: An Umbrella Review Protocol -
  “Vaccine hesitancy” has been described as a major public health problem, especially in the COVID-19 era. Identified factors driving “hesitancy” include the concerns of recipients with the safety, side effects, and risk-benefit ratio of COVID-19 vaccines1 — a proper assessment and disclosure of which are critical to the requisite process of informed consent. However, the expert literature has given little attention to the evidence informing these concerns, focusing instead on features of the recipients themselves to explain the phenomenon of so-called “hesitancy”. This umbrella review will expand the scope of research on “vaccine hesitancy” by examining how the safety, side effects, and risk-benefit ratio concerns of recipients of COVID-19 vaccines are addressed in the expert literature. We will include systematic reviews on COVID-19 “vaccine hesitancy” that examine hesitancy in any population involved with COVID-19 vaccination decisions for themselves or as caretakers (e.g., decisions about “vaccinating” their children) to capture the broadest possible range of perspectives on the phenomenon of interest. Only completed, published, and refereed systematic reviews in English will be included. We will search PubMed, the Epistemonikos COVID-19 platform (COVID-19 L·OVE), and the WHO Global Research on COVID-19 Database to locate quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods studies reviews. Reviews that meet the inclusion criteria will undergo quality assessment (AMSTAR) and data extraction. Two reviewers will independently conduct title and abstract screening and extract and synthesize the data. Disagreements will be resolved through full team discussion. Subgroup analyses will be performed to compare findings according to social indicators of target populations, country location of the first author, and other contextual factors. Thematic analysis and synthesis will be used to “transform the data” into themes by applying a deductive-inductive approach. Frequency distributions will be calculated to assess the strength of support for each theme. Findings will be presented in tabular and narrative forms to facilitate their interpretation. Informed consent is a fundamental bioethical principle in medical research and practice. Insufficient attention to the concerns of vaccine recipients about these matters, compounded by a neglect to discuss the evidence-base informing these concerns, may contribute to the very problem that the COVID-19 “vaccine hesitancy” expert literature purports to address. This is especially true of an intervention based on novel technologies and intended to be delivered on a global scale. Identifying if and how the expert literature engages with these concerns is critical.
  🖺 Full Text HTML: The Risk-Benefit Balance in the COVID-19 “Vaccine Hesitancy” Literature: An Umbrella Review Protocol
• Evolving antibody evasion and receptor affinity of the Omicron BA.2.75 sublineage of SARS-CoV-2 -
  SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.2.75 has diversified into multiple subvariants with additional spike mutations, and several are expanding in prevalence, particularly CH.1.1 and BN.1. Here, we investigated the viral receptor affinities and neutralization evasion properties of major BA.2.75 subvariants actively circulating in different regions worldwide. We found two distinct evolutionary pathways and three newly identified mutations that shaped the virological features of these subvariants. One phenotypic group exhibited a discernible decrease in viral receptor affinities, but a noteworthy increase in resistance to antibody neutralization, as exemplified by CH.1.1, which is apparently as resistant as XBB.1.5. In contrast, a second group demonstrated a substantial increase in viral receptor affinity but only a moderate increase in antibody evasion, as exemplified by BN.1. We also observed that all prevalent SARS-CoV-2 variants in the circulation presently, except for BN.1, exhibit profound levels of antibody evasion, suggesting this is the dominant determinant of virus transmissibility today.
  🖺 Full Text HTML: Evolving antibody evasion and receptor affinity of the Omicron BA.2.75 sublineage of SARS-CoV-2
• How influenza vaccination changed over the COVID-19 pandemic? -

  Background: Vaccination for seasonal influenzas is particularly important during the COVID-19 pandemic, but the influenza vaccination coverage in the U.S. was far lower than the targeted rate. Objective: To examine how people9s actual uptake of the influenza vaccine and the disparity of the vaccination changed during the pandemic. Methods: A survey was conducted online in November 2022. Respondents were asked for influenza vaccination during each of the three latest seasons, prior influenza vaccination history, and COVID-19 vaccination. A linear regression model was used to estimate how the respondents9 change in influenza vaccination was associated with their demographics, COVID-19 vaccination status, and other related variables. Results: Nearly 70% of US adults had influenza vaccine each season during past the three seasons of the COVID-19 pandemic. The prevalence of influenza vaccination varied markedly across demographics. Non-Hispanic Black, Hispanic, and people with low educational attainment were more likely to see relatively negative changes in their level of influenza vaccination. Respondents who uptook their COVID-19 vaccine in 2022 increased their level of influenza vaccine more than those who uptook the vaccine in 2021. Conclusions: Our study indicated that influenza vaccination increased during the pandemic compared with before the pandemic. The disparity of influenza vaccination by race/ethnicity and socioeconomic status may enlarge during the pandemic. Tailored interventions were needed to target some groups to promote their vaccination uptake.

  🖺 Full Text HTML: How influenza vaccination changed over the COVID-19 pandemic?
• Neck pain, dry eye and Sjogren’s syndrome in Latin American students during the first wave of COVID-19: Frequencies and associated factors -

  Introduction: Virtual classes brought many changes to the lives of students, not only the fact of being more exposed to screens, but also because of the repercussions. Aim: To determine the factors associated with suffering from neck pain, dry eye and Sjogren9s syndrome in students in Latin America during the first wave of COVID-19. Methodology: Analytical cross-sectional study, using the COM and DEQ-5 scales, neck pain and dry eye/Sjogren9s syndrome, respectively, were measured; socio-educational variables were associated with them. Discussion: Of the 3939 students, those who lived in Panama, Chile and Bolivia were the ones who suffered the most from these pathologies. These pathologies were associated with the greater number of hours of computer use (all values p<0,001) and sex (all values p<0,002), medical students had more frequent dry eye and Sjogren9s syndrome (both p<0,031), Graduate students had more neck pain (p<0.001), but college students had less dry eye (p=0.025) and those at private universities had more neck pain (p=0.024). Discussion: Important results of these three pathologies were found, this serves so that students can be evaluated in depth in each university, for a specialized diagnosis and try to avoid medium and long-term consequences for the constant use of electronic devices. Conclusion: Neck pain, dry eye and Sjogren9s syndrome in students were associated with more hours of computer use and female sex, medical students had more frequent dry eye and Sjpogren9s syndrome, graduate students had more neck pain, university students had less dry eye and those from private universities had more neck pain.

  🖺 Full Text HTML: Neck pain, dry eye and Sjogren’s syndrome in Latin American students during the first wave of COVID-19: Frequencies and associated factors

From Clinical Trials

• Clinical Performance Evaluation of the CareSuperb™ COVID-19 Antigen Home Test - Condition:   COVID-19
  Intervention:   Device: CareSuperb COVID-19 Antigen Home Test Kit
  Sponsor:   AccessBio, Inc.
  Recruiting

• Evaluation of Safety & Efficacy of MIR 19 ® Inhalation Solution in Patients With Mild COVID-19 - Condition:   COVID-19
  Interventions:   Drug: MIR 19 ®;   Combination Product: Standart therapy
  Sponsor:   National Research Center - Institute of Immunology Federal Medical-Biological Agency of Russia
  Completed

• LACTYFERRIN™ Forte and ZINC Defense™ and Standard of Care (SOC) vs SOC in the Treatment of Non-hospitalized Patients With COVID-19 - Condition:   COVID-19
  Interventions:   Drug: Sesderma LACTYFERRIN™ Forte and Sesderma ZINC Defense™;   Drug: Placebo
  Sponsors:   Jose David Suarez, MD;   Sesderma S.L.;   Westchester General Hospital Inc. DBA Keralty Hospital Miami;   MGM Technology Corp
  Not yet recruiting

• MP0420 for Inpatients With COVID-19 (An ACTIV-3/TICO Treatment Trial) - Condition:   COVID-19
  Interventions:   Drug: MP0420;   Drug: Placebo;   Biological: Remdesivir
  Sponsors:   National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID);   International Network for Strategic Initiatives in Global HIV Trials (INSIGHT);   University of Copenhagen;   Medical Research Council;   Kirby Institute;   Washington D.C. Veterans Affairs Medical Center;   AIDS Clinical Trials Group;   National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI);   US Department of Veterans Affairs;   Prevention and Early Treatment of Acute Lung Injury (PETAL);   Cardiothoracic Surgical Trials Network (CTSN);   Molecular Partners AG;   University of Minnesota
  Active, not recruiting

• AZD7442 for Inpatients With COVID-19 (An ACTIV-3/TICO Treatment Trial) - Condition:   COVID-19
  Interventions:   Biological: AZD7442;   Biological: Placebo;   Biological: Remdesivir
  Sponsors:   National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID);   International Network for Strategic Initiatives in Global HIV Trials (INSIGHT);   University of Copenhagen;   Medical Research Council;   Kirby Institute;   Washington D.C. Veterans Affairs Medical Center;   AIDS Clinical Trials Group;   National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI);   US Department of Veterans Affairs;   Prevention and Early Treatment of Acute Lung Injury (PETAL);   Cardiothoracic Surgical Trials Network (CTSN);   AstraZeneca;   University of Minnesota
  Active, not recruiting

• PF-07304814 for Inpatients With COVID-19 (An ACTIV-3/TICO Treatment Trial) - Condition:   COVID-19
  Interventions:   Drug: PF-07304814;   Drug: Placebo;   Biological: Remdesivir
  Sponsors:   National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID);   International Network for Strategic Initiatives in Global HIV Trials (INSIGHT);   University of Copenhagen;   Medical Research Council;   Kirby Institute;   Washington D.C. Veterans Affairs Medical Center;   AIDS Clinical Trials Group;   National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI);   US Department of Veterans Affairs;   Prevention and Early Treatment of Acute Lung Injury (PETAL);   Cardiothoracic Surgical Trials Network (CTSN);   Pfizer;   University of Minnesota
  Suspended

• VIR-7831 for Inpatients With COVID-19 (An ACTIV-3/TICO Treatment Trial) - Condition:   COVID-19
  Interventions:   Biological: VIR-7831;   Biological: Placebo;   Biological: Remdesivir
  Sponsors:   National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID);   International Network for Strategic Initiatives in Global HIV Trials (INSIGHT);   University of Copenhagen;   Medical Research Council;   Kirby Institute;   Washington D.C. Veterans Affairs Medical Center;   AIDS Clinical Trials Group;   National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI);   US Department of Veterans Affairs;   Prevention and Early Treatment of Acute Lung Injury (PETAL);   Cardiothoracic Surgical Trials Network (CTSN);   Vir Biotechnology, Inc.;   GlaxoSmithKline;   University of Minnesota
  Completed

• BRII-196/BRII-198 for Inpatients With COVID-19 (An ACTIV-3/TICO Treatment Trial) - Condition:   COVID-19
  Interventions:   Biological: BRII-196;   Biological: BRII-198;   Biological: Placebo;   Biological: Remdesivir
  Sponsors:   National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID);   International Network for Strategic Initiatives in Global HIV Trials (INSIGHT);   University of Copenhagen;   Medical Research Council;   Kirby Institute;   Washington D.C. Veterans Affairs Medical Center;   AIDS Clinical Trials Group;   National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI);   US Department of Veterans Affairs;   Prevention and Early Treatment of Acute Lung Injury (PETAL);   Cardiothoracic Surgical Trials Network (CTSN);   Brii Biosciences Limited;   University of Minnesota
  Completed

• LY3819253 (LY-CoV555) for Inpatients With COVID-19 (An ACTIV-3/TICO Treatment Trial) - Condition:   COVID-19
  Interventions:   Biological: LY3819253;   Biological: Placebo;   Biological: Remdesivir
  Sponsors:   National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID);   International Network for Strategic Initiatives in Global HIV Trials (INSIGHT);   University of Copenhagen;   Medical Research Council;   Kirby Institute;   Washington D.C. Veterans Affairs Medical Center;   AIDS Clinical Trials Group;   National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI);   US Department of Veterans Affairs;   Prevention and Early Treatment of Acute Lung Injury (PETAL);   Cardiothoracic Surgical Trials Network (CTSN);   Eli Lilly and Company;   University of Minnesota
  Completed

• Use of E-health Based Exercise Intervention After COVID-19 - Condition:   COVID-19
  Intervention:   Behavioral: Exercise training using an e-health tool
  Sponsors:   Norwegian University of Science and Technology;   University of Oslo
  Recruiting

• Clinical Study for the Efficacy and Safety of Ropeginterferon Alfa-2b in Moderate COVID19. - Condition:   COVID-19
  Interventions:   Drug: P1101 (Ropeginterferon alfa-2b);   Procedure: SOC
  Sponsor:   National Taiwan University Hospital
  Active, not recruiting

• Phase I Clinical Trial of Recombinant Variant COVID-19 Vaccine (Sf9 Cell) (WSK-V102) - Condition:   COVID-19
  Intervention:   Biological: Recombinant variant COVID-19 vaccine(Sf9 cell)
  Sponsor:   WestVac Biopharma Co., Ltd.
  Not yet recruiting

• A Phase II Clinical Trial of Recombinant Variant COVID-19 Vaccine (Sf9 Cell) (WSK-V102) - Condition:   COVID-19
  Interventions:   Biological: Recombinant variant COVID-19 vaccine (Sf9 cell);   Biological: Recombinant COVID-19 vaccine (CHO cell);   Biological: Recombinant COVID-19 vaccine (Sf9 cell)
  Sponsor:   WestVac Biopharma Co., Ltd.
  Not yet recruiting

• Effect of Kinesio Tape Versus Diaphragmatic Breathing Exercise In Post COVID-19 - Condition:   Post COVID-19 Condition
  Interventions:   Other: Pursed lip breathing;   Other: Cognitive Behavior Therapy;   Other: Diaphragmatic breathing exercise;   Other: Kinesio tape
  Sponsor:   Cairo University
  Not yet recruiting

• Effect Of Calcitriol On Neutrophil To Lymphocytes Ratio And High Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein Covid-19 Patients - Condition:   COVID-19
  Interventions:   Drug: Calcitriol;   Other: Placebo
  Sponsor:   Universitas Sebelas Maret
  Completed

From PubMed

• The antiviral activity of a small molecule drug targeting the NSP1-ribosome complex against Omicron, especially in elderly patients - INTRODUCTION: With the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 mutant strains, especially the epidemic of Omicron, it continues to evolve to strengthen immune evasion. Omicron BQ. 1 and XBB pose a serious threat to the current COVID-19 vaccine (including bivalent mRNA vaccine for mutant strains) and COVID-19-positive survivors, and all current therapeutic monoclonal antibodies are ineffective against them. Older people, those with multimorbidity, and those with specific underlying health conditions remain at…

• Dynamics of factors associated with rates of COVID-19 cases and deaths in African countries - CONCLUSION: In African countries, internal movement restrictions enacted to inhibit COVID-19, had the opposite effect and enabled COVID-19 spread. Low Education levels and high unemployment were associated with having higher death rates from COVID-19. More studies are needed to understand the impact of tourism on COVID-19 and other infectious diseases arising from other regions on African countries, in order to put in place adequate control protocols.

• Antiviral activity of marine sulfated glycans against pathogenic human coronaviruses - Great interest exists towards the discovery and development of broad-spectrum antivirals. This occurs due to the frequent emergence of new viruses which can also eventually lead to pandemics. A reasonable and efficient strategy to develop new broad-spectrum antivirals relies on targeting a common molecular player of various viruses. Heparan sulfate is a sulfated glycosaminoglycan present on the surface of cells which plays a key role as co-receptor in many virus infections. In previous work,…

• [Translated article] Paradoxical interaction between nirmatrelvir/ritonavir and voriconazole in a patient with COVID-19 - This case is based on a drug interaction between nirmatrelvir/ritonavir (approved drug for COVID-19) and voriconazole is presented, possibly derived from the bidirectional effect of ritonavir on the 2 main voriconazole metabolizing enzymes (cytochrome P450 3A and 2C19) ritonavir inhibits the former and induces the latter respectively. According to the main pharmacotherapeutic information databases, in the interaction between both drugs, a decrease in the area under the curve of voriconazole is…

• Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator modulators attenuate platelet activation and aggregation in blood of healthy donors and COVID-19 patients - No abstract

• Intravenous ravulizumab in mechanically ventilated patients hospitalised with severe COVID-19: a phase 3, multicentre, open-label, randomised controlled trial - BACKGROUND: The complement pathway is a potential target for the treatment of severe COVID-19. We evaluated the safety and efficacy of ravulizumab, a terminal complement C5 inhibitor, in patients hospitalised with severe COVID-19 requiring invasive or non-invasive mechanical ventilation.

• Diphenyl Diselenide and SARS-CoV-2: in silico Exploration of the Mechanisms of Inhibition of Main Protease (M^pro) and Papain-like Protease (PL^pro) - The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has prompted global efforts to develop therapeutics. The main protease of SARS-CoV-2 (M^(pro)) and the papain-like protease (PL^(pro)) are essential for viral replication and are key targets for therapeutic development. In this work, we investigate the mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 inhibition by diphenyl diselenide (PhSe)(2) which is an archetypal model of diselenides and a renowned potential therapeutic agent. The in vitro inhibitory concentration of (PhSe)(2) against…

• New workflow predicts drug targets against SARS-CoV-2 via metabolic changes in infected cells - COVID-19 is one of the deadliest respiratory diseases, and its emergence caught the pharmaceutical industry off guard. While vaccines have been rapidly developed, treatment options for infected people remain scarce, and COVID-19 poses a substantial global threat. This study presents a novel workflow to predict robust druggable targets against emerging RNA viruses using metabolic networks and information of the viral structure and its genome sequence. For this purpose, we implemented pymCADRE and…

• Coronavirus subverts ER-phagy by hijacking FAM134B and ATL3 into p62 condensates to facilitate viral replication - ER-phagy is a form of autophagy that is mediated by ER-phagy receptors and selectively degrades endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Coronaviruses have been shown to use the ER as a membrane source to establish their double-membrane vesicles (DMVs). However, whether viruses modulate ER-phagy to drive viral DMV formation and its underlying molecular mechanisms remains largely unknown. Here, we demonstrate that coronavirus subverts ER-phagy by hijacking the ER-phagy receptors FAM134B and ATL3 into p62…

• A cell-free platform to measure coronavirus membrane fusion - Here we present a protocol to measure coronavirus-mediated membrane fusion, an essential event in coronavirus cell entry. The approach uses nanoluciferase (Nluc) “HiBiT”-tagged corona virus-like particles (VLPs) and Nluc “LgBiT”-containing extracellular vesicles (EVs) as proxies for virus and cell, respectively. VLP-EV membrane fusion allows HiBiT and LgBiT to combine into measurable Nluc, which signifies virus fusion with target cell membranes. We highlight assay utility with methods to assess…

• The Comprehensive Effects of Carassius auratus Complex Formula against Lipid Accumulation, Hepatocarcinogenesis, and COVID-19 Pathogenesis via Stabilized G-Quadruplex and Reduced Cell Senescence - Carassius auratus complex formula (CACF) is a traditional Chinese medicine known for its antidiabetic effects. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a major cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide, and there are currently no effective therapies for advanced HCC. This study explores the comprehensive effects and possible mechanisms of CACF on HCC. The results show that CACF reduces the viability of hepatoma cells in vitro, while benefiting normal hepatocytes. In addition, CACF inhibits hepatoma cell…

• The novel Nsp9-interacting host factor H2BE promotes PEDV replication by inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated apoptosis - Porcine epidemic diarrhoea (PED) caused by porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus (PEDV) has led to significant economic losses in the swine industry worldwide. Histone Cluster 2, H2BE (HIST2H2BE), the main protein component in chromatin, has been proposed to play a key role in apoptosis. However, the relationship between H2BE and PEDV remains unclear. In this study, H2BE was shown to bind and interact with PEDV nonstructural protein 9 (Nsp9) via immunoprecipitation-mass spectrometry (IP-MS). Next, we…

• Durability and Surface Oxidation States of Antiviral Nano-Columnar Copper Thin Films - Antiviral coatings that inactivate a broad spectrum of viruses are important in combating the evolution and emergence of viruses. In this study, nano-columnar Cu thin films have been proposed, inspired by cicada wings (which exhibit mechano-bactericidal activity). Nano-columnar thin films of Cu and its oxides were fabricated by the sputtering method, and their antiviral activities were evaluated against envelope-type bacteriophage Φ6 and non-envelope-type bacteriophage Qβ. Among all of the…

• Evaluation of Broad Anti-Coronavirus Activity of Autophagy-Related Compounds Using Human Airway Organoids - To deal with the broad spectrum of coronaviruses, including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), that threaten human health, it is essential to not only drugs develop that target viral proteins but also consider drugs that target host proteins/cellular processes to protect them from being hijacked for viral infection and replication. To this end, it has been reported that autophagy is deeply involved in coronavirus infection. In this study, we used airway organoids to…

• Myocarditis: causes, mechanisms, and evolving therapies - INTRODUCTION: Myocarditis is a severe lymphocyte-mediated inflammatory disorder of the heart, mostly caused by viruses and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Recently, myocarditis as a rare adverse event of mRNA vaccines for SARS-CoV-2 has caused global attention. The clinical consequences of myocarditis can be very severe, but specific treatment options are lacking or not yet clinically proven.

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