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<title>19 April, 2021</title>
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<title>Covid-19 Sentry</title><meta content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" name="viewport"/><link href="styles/simple.css" rel="stylesheet"/><link href="../styles/simple.css" rel="stylesheet"/><link href="https://unpkg.com/aos@2.3.1/dist/aos.css" rel="stylesheet"/><script src="https://unpkg.com/aos@2.3.1/dist/aos.js"></script></head>
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<h1 data-aos="fade-down" id="covid-19-sentry">Covid-19 Sentry</h1>
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<h1 data-aos="fade-right" data-aos-anchor-placement="top-bottom" id="contents">Contents</h1>
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<li><a href="#from-preprints">From Preprints</a></li>
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<li><a href="#from-clinical-trials">From Clinical Trials</a></li>
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<li><a href="#from-pubmed">From PubMed</a></li>
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<li><a href="#from-patent-search">From Patent Search</a></li>
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<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-preprints">From Preprints</h1>
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<li><strong>Characterizing all-cause excess mortality patterns during COVID-19 pandemic in Mexico</strong> -
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Background: Low testing rates and delays in reporting hinder the estimation of the mortality burden associated with the COVID-19 pandemic. During a public health emergency, estimating all cause excess deaths above an expected level of death can provide a more reliable picture of the mortality burden. Here, we aim to estimate the absolute and relative mortality impact of COVID-19 pandemic in Mexico. Methods: We obtained weekly mortality time series due to all causes for Mexico, and by gender, and geographic region from 2015 to 2020. We also compiled surveillance data on COVID-19 cases and deaths to assess the timing and intensity of the pandemic and assembled weekly series of the proportion of tweets about death from Mexico to assess the correlation between media interaction of people about death and the rise in pandemic deaths. We estimated all-cause excess mortality rates and mortality rate ratio increase over baseline by fitting Serfling regression models and forecasted the total excess deaths for Mexico for the first four weeks of 2021 using the generalized logistic growth model. Results: We estimated the all-cause excess mortality rate associated with the COVID-19 pandemic in Mexico in 2020 at 26.10 per 10,000 population, which corresponds to 333,538 excess deaths. Males had about 2-fold higher excess mortality rate (33.99) compared to females (18.53). Mexico City reported the highest excess death rate (63.54) and RR (2.09) compared to rest of the country (excess rate=23.25, RR=1.62). While COVID-19 deaths accounted for only 38.64% of total excess deaths in Mexico, our forecast estimate that Mexico has accumulated a total of ~61610 [95% PI: 60003, 63216] excess deaths in the first four weeks of 2021. Proportion of tweets was significantly correlated with the excess mortality (ρ=0.508 [95% CI: 0.245, 0.701], p-value=0.0004). Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic has heavily affected Mexico. The lab-confirmed COVID-19 deaths accounted for only 38.64% of total all cause excess deaths (333,538) in Mexico in 2020. This reflects either the effect of low testing rates in Mexico, or the surge in number of deaths due to other causes during the pandemic. A model-based forecast indicates that an average of 61,610 excess deaths have occurred in January 2021.
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.02.21252763v2" target="_blank">Characterizing all-cause excess mortality patterns during COVID-19 pandemic in Mexico</a>
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</div></li>
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<li><strong>COVID-19, PHYSICAL DISTANCING IN THE WORKPLACE AND EMPLOYEES’ MENTAL HEALTH: IMPLICATIONS AND INSIGHTS FOR ORGANIZATIONAL INTERVENTIONS - NARRATIVE REVIEW</strong> -
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<div>
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Physical distancing is one of the non-pharmaceutical measures adopted to prevent the spread of COVID-19. Although it appears to be effective in mitigating this spread, its implementation in workplaces may undermine employees’ mental health. In fact, torn between the fear of contagion and the need to maintain their jobs, employees must also comply with physical distancing measures in the workplace, which alter social interactions and set a predetermined frame and distance that guide employees’ behaviors within the organization while they need empathy. This situation might increase their level of stress. This paper is a narrative review that addresses the impact of physical distancing in the workplace on employees’ mental health. It presents the main factors that might moderate this impact and it recommends organizational interventions that can help to mitigate it. Physical distancing measures in workplaces are necessary and inevitable. Notwithstanding, they might undermine employees’ mental health, whence the importance to implement proper organizational actions to support employees and to facilitate their adaptation, in this unprecedented organizational change. This paper examines a relatively unexplored topic. It goes beyond examining social isolation to explore how setting a predetermined frame and distance can have an impact on employees’ mental health and recommends interventions that might help organizations to prevent mental health issues.
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</div>
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<div class="article-link article-html-link">
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://osf.io/w6s32/" target="_blank">COVID-19, PHYSICAL DISTANCING IN THE WORKPLACE AND EMPLOYEES’ MENTAL HEALTH: IMPLICATIONS AND INSIGHTS FOR ORGANIZATIONAL INTERVENTIONS - NARRATIVE REVIEW</a>
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</div></li>
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<li><strong>The human factor between airborne pollen concentrations and COVID-19 disease dynamics</strong> -
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In their seminal paper, Damialis and colleagues (2021, PNAS) report that, in early 2020, higher airborne pollen concentrations were related to higher COVID-19 infection rates. As a mechanism, the authors propose that “pollen exposure weakens the immunity … by diminishing the antiviral interferon response.” Although they assume an effect for the whole population, they speculate that it could be stronger for those with allergies. As a limitation, they acknowledge that they did not account for the countries’ testing strategies. As allergic people may be more likely to show symptoms that may be mistaken for those of COVID-19 (runny nose, headache, increased temperature), we explored whether people with allergies were more prone to get a rapid SARS-CoV-2 antigen test. Moreover, we assessed whether the test result was more likely to be positive among those with allergies.
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<div class="article-link article-html-link">
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://psyarxiv.com/hw9gf/" target="_blank">The human factor between airborne pollen concentrations and COVID-19 disease dynamics</a>
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<li><strong>Daily Fluctuations in Occupation with and Worry about COVID-19</strong> -
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In the first week after the first COVID-19 patient was reported in the Netherlands, we conducted a pre-registered momentary assessment study (7 surveys per day, 50 participants, 7 days) to study the dynamic relationship between individuals’ occupation with and worries about COVID-19 in daily life, and the moderating role of neuroticism in this relationship. At the group level, higher scores on occupation and worry co-occurred, and occupation predicted worry one hour later, but not vice versa. There were substantial individual differences in the magnitudes and directions of the effects. For instance, occupation with COVID-19 was related to increases in worry for some, but decreases in worry for others. Neuroticism did not predict any of these individual differences in the links between worry and occupation. This study suggests that it is important to go beyond group-level analyses and to account for individual differences in responses to COVID-19.
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://psyarxiv.com/nf3ja/" target="_blank">Daily Fluctuations in Occupation with and Worry about COVID-19</a>
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<li><strong>LET’S SPEND THE NIGHT TOGETHER: A Challenge for Medically Optimal Coronavirus Social Distancing Policies</strong> -
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Public health efforts to slow the COVID-19 epidemic and protect the vulnerable have focused on reducing interpersonal contact and increasing interpersonal physical distance. They have achieved considerable success, with over three-quarters of Americans reporting that they follow all the recommended precautionary practices of social distancing, so it is likely that, at least, they follow most of them most of the time. But there is an elephant in the room: Overnighting – staying overnight at someone else’s home or having them stay overnight at your place is rarely, if ever, mentioned publicly. But we will show that this is a widespread practice in American society, throughout the epidemic thus far. In the past month, over half of all Americans had at least one overnight guest and about the same number (but not always the same people) spent at least one night in the past month at somebody else’s home. The consequences are striking: People who overnight are more than twice as likely to report that they have had COVID-19. Who overnights? The practice is much more common among young adults (over 60% for those 25-34) than among their seniors (dipping below 30% for those age 65 and over). Moreover, risk seekers are hugely more likely to overnight than are their otherwise similar risk averse peers. Data: International Social Science Survey, Round 21, Cohorts 1-5, collected April – July 2020, N=4,815. Methods: Descriptive statistics and multiple regression.
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://osf.io/preprints/socarxiv/aqhe5/" target="_blank">LET’S SPEND THE NIGHT TOGETHER: A Challenge for Medically Optimal Coronavirus Social Distancing Policies</a>
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<li><strong>A Scale for Measuring Social Distancing Behavior: Survey Questions and National Norms, USA 2020</strong> -
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“Social distancing”, a set of “nonpharmaceutical interventions” or NPIs in the medical literature, is a primary defence, perhaps the primary defence, against infectious disease, universally advocated by medical authorities in the US and throughout the world during the current coronavirus pandemic. The idea is not new. Perhaps the first government-directed quarantine system was mid-fourteenth-century Venice’s “quaranta giorni”, forty days of mandated isolation for incoming ships. We propose a 5-item primary scale of “social distancing” behavior (KEK-3) and a slightly extended variant (KEK-3m), developed for use during the COVID-19 epidemic (and, potentially, beyond). The candidate items all had 7 answer categories. Assessment aligns very well with the classical measurement model for multi-item scales: interitem correlations are high; alpha reliability is 0.86; correlations with criterion variables are similar across the candidate items; factor analysis (oblimin rotation) finds a single dimension with an eigenvalue over 1 and loadings around .7. We provide behavioral norms for America during the 2020 pandemic and describe KEK-3’s links to demographic and socioeconomic factors. Developing a replicable scale is especially important now, because many researchers are making erroneous comparisons using the same terminology to describe aspects of the epidemic which have been measured differently. To successfully assess the “…meaning of social change related to COVID-19, the newly emerging social practices due to lockdown measures…” (Esposito, Stark and Squazzoni 2020), high-quality measurements sufficiently reliable and robust to be replicated in different times as the epidemic evolves and in different settings are desperately needed: KEK-3 contributes to such a set of measures. Data: four large national sample surveys conducted April - July, 2020 during the coronavirus pandemic. Data collection was through Amazon.com’s Mechanical Turk. This scale may be freely used by other researchers so long as its origin is acknowledged.
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://osf.io/preprints/socarxiv/qnjwg/" target="_blank">A Scale for Measuring Social Distancing Behavior: Survey Questions and National Norms, USA 2020</a>
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<li><strong>Eating Disorders Spectrum during COVID Pandemic: a systematic review</strong> -
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Background: Several data suggest that COVID-19 pandemic might exacerbate or trigger Eating Disorders (EDs). The aim of this paper was to summarize present literature on COVID pandemic and EDs. Methods: Literature search, study selection, methods, and quality evaluation were performed following PRISMA Guidelines. Results: The systematic search permitted the identification of 91 studies; 21 papers were eligible and included in the review. Nine papers (42.9%) evaluated the effect of pandemic and associated protective and risk factors in EDs patients, ten (47.6%) explored the prevalence of disturbed eating behaviours and risk factors for exacerbating EDs in the general population, and the remaining two (9.5%) were qualitative studies describing the impact of lockdown and quarantine on EDs patients. Their analysis revealed five main findings: 1) changes in physical activities routines were related to a worsening of preoccupation on weight/body shape; 2) food access limitation during pandemic represented a risk factors for both triggering and exacerbating EDs; 3) restriction in healthcare facilities contributed to increase anxiety levels and modifies treatment compliance; 4) social isolation was related to symptoms9 exacerbation in EDs patients who are home-confined with family members; 5) conflicts and difficulties in relationships with 9no way out9 were maintenance factors for EDs symptoms, especially in adolescents and young adults. Conclusion: COVID-19 pandemic had a negative impact on EDs that might be triggered or worsened by the exceptional conditions deriving from COVID-19-related stress in predisposed subjects. Patients already affected by EDs experienced a worsening of their clinical conditions and related quality of life.
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.16.21255390v1" target="_blank">Eating Disorders Spectrum during COVID Pandemic: a systematic review</a>
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<li><strong>Adverse effects of COVID-19 vaccination: machine learning and statistical approach to identify and classify incidences of morbidity and post-vaccination reactogenicity</strong> -
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Good vaccine safety and reliability are essential to prevent infectious disease spread. A small but significant number of apparent adverse reactions to the new COVID-19 vaccines have been reported. Here, we aim to identify possible common causes for such adverse reactions with a view to enabling strategies that reduce patient risk by using patient data to classify and characterise patients those at risk of such reactions. We examined patient medical histories and data documenting post-vaccination effects and outcomes. The data analyses were conducted by different statistical approaches followed by a set of machine learning classification algorithms. In most cases, similar features were significantly associated with poor patient reactions. These included patient prior illnesses, admission to hospitals and SARS-CoV-2 reinfection. The analyses indicated that patient age, gender, allergic history, taking other medications, type-2 diabetes, hypertension and heart disease are the most significant pre-existing factors associated with risk of poor outcome and long duration of hospital treatments, pyrexia, headache, dyspnoea, chills, fatigue, various kind of pain and dizziness are the most significant clinical predictors. The machine learning classifiers using medical history were also able to predict patients most likely to have complication-free vaccination with an accuracy score above 85%. Our study identifies profiles of individuals that may need extra monitoring and care (e.g., vaccination at a location with access to comprehensive clinical support) to reduce negative outcomes through classification approaches. Important classifiers achieving these reactions notably included allergic susceptibility and incidence of heart disease or type-2 diabetes.
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.16.21255618v1" target="_blank">Adverse effects of COVID-19 vaccination: machine learning and statistical approach to identify and classify incidences of morbidity and post-vaccination reactogenicity</a>
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<li><strong>Will the Large-scale Vaccination Succeed in Containing the COVID-19 Epidemic and How Soon?</strong> -
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The availability of vaccines provides a promising solution to containing the COVID-19 pandemic. Here, we develop an epidemiological model to quantitatively analyze and predict the epidemic dynamics of COVID-19 under vaccination. The model is applied to the daily released numbers of confirmed cases of Israel and United States of America to explore and predict the trend under vaccination based on their current epidemic status and intervention measures. For Israel, of which 53.83% of the population was fully vaccinated, under the current intensity of NPIs and vaccination scheme, the pandemic is predicted to end between May 14, 2021 to May 16, 2021 depending on an immunity duration between 180 days and 365 days; Assuming no NPIs after March 24, 2021, the pandemic will ends later, between July 4, 2021 to August 26, 2021. For USA, if we assume the current vaccination rate (0.268% per day) and intensity of NPIs, the pandemic will end between February 3, 2022 and August 17, 2029 depending on an immunity duration between 180 days and 365 days. However, assuming an immunity duration of 180 days and with no NPIs, the pandemic will not end, and instead reach an equilibrium state with a proportion of the population remaining actively infected. Overall the daily vaccination rate should be chosen according to the vaccine efficacy and the immunity duration to achieve herd immunity. In some situations, vaccination alone cannot stop the pandemic, and NPIs are necessary both to supplement vaccination and accelerate the end of the pandemic. Considering that vaccine efficacy and duration of immunity may be reduced for new mutant strains, it is necessary to remain cautiously optimistic about the prospect of the pandemic under vaccination.
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.16.21255543v1" target="_blank">Will the Large-scale Vaccination Succeed in Containing the COVID-19 Epidemic and How Soon?</a>
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<li><strong>Conspiratorial thinking during COVID-19: The roles of paranoia, delusion-proneness, and intolerance of uncertainty</strong> -
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The COVID-19 global pandemic has left many feeling a sense of profound uncertainty about their world, safety, and livelihood. Information that can help make sense of this uncertainty is offered by both official health-organizations as well as sources espousing misinformation and conspiracy theories. Individuals high in intolerance of uncertainty (IU) may be particularly impacted by the impoverished epistemic environment and may thus be more drawn to conspiratorial thinking (CT). In the present study we show that endorsement of COVID-19-specific conspiracy theories is associated with higher levels of intolerance of uncertainty as well as anxiety, delusion-proneness, and paranoid ideation. Furthermore, delusion-proneness and paranoia explained the relationship between IU and CT, and emerged as independent partial predictors of CT even when controlling for other facets of schizotypy. In contrast, anxiety did not explain the relationship between IU and CT, suggesting a stronger role of cognitive traits as opposed to affective factors. Overall, our findings highlight the importance of individual differences in IU, delusion proneness and paranoia in the development of CT in the context of the acute uncertainty of a global crisis, in which CT is more prevalent and salient. Informational intervention designs may benefit from leveraging the body of work demonstrating the efficacy of targeting IU to incite meaningful changes in thinking.
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://psyarxiv.com/mb65f/" target="_blank">Conspiratorial thinking during COVID-19: The roles of paranoia, delusion-proneness, and intolerance of uncertainty</a>
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<li><strong>Expanding access to SARS-CoV-2 IgG and IgM serologic testing using fingerstick whole blood, plasma, and rapid lateral flow assays</strong> -
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Serologic testing for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies can be used to confirm diagnosis, estimate seroprevalence, screen convalescent plasma donors, and assess vaccine efficacy. Several logistical and infrastructure challenges limit access to SARS-CoV-2 serologic testing. Dried blood spot (DBS) samples have been used for serology testing of various diseases in resource-limited settings. We examined the use of DBS samples and capillary blood (fingerstick) plasma collected in Microtainer tubes for SARS-CoV-2 testing with the automated Abbott ARCHITECT SARS-CoV-2 IgG (List 6R86) and IgM assays and use of venous whole blood with a prototype PANBIO rapid point-of-care lateral flow SARS-CoV-2 IgG assay. The ARCHITECT SARS-CoV-2 IgG assay was initially optimized for use with DBS, venous and capillary plasma, and venous whole blood collected from patients with symptoms and PCR-confirmed COVID-19 and negative asymptomatic controls. Assay linearity and reproducibility was confirmed with 3 contrived DBS samples, with sample stability and signal recovery after 14 days at room temperature. ARCHITECT SARS-CoV-2 IgG and IgM assay results showed high concordance between fingerstick DBS and venous DBS samples, and between fingerstick DBS and venous whole blood samples (n=61). Discordant results were seen in 3 participants (2 IgG, 1 IgM) who were in the process of seroreversion at the time of sample collection and had results near the assay cutoff. Use of fingerstick plasma collected in Microtainer tubes (n=109) showed 100% concordant results (R2=0.997) with matched patient venous plasma on the ARCHITECT SARS-CoV-2 IgG assay. High concordance of assay results (92.9% positive, 100% negative) was also observed for the PANBIO SARS-CoV-2 IgG assay compared to the ARCHITECT SARS-CoV-2 IgG assay run with matched venous plasma (n=61). Fingerstick DBS and plasma samples are easy and inexpensive to collect and, along with the use of rapid point-of-care testing platforms, will expand access to SARS-CoV-2 serology testing, particularly in resource-limited areas.
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.16.21255130v1" target="_blank">Expanding access to SARS-CoV-2 IgG and IgM serologic testing using fingerstick whole blood, plasma, and rapid lateral flow assays</a>
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<li><strong>Prospective predictive performance comparison between Clinical Gestalt and validated COVID-19 mortality scores.</strong> -
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ABSTRACT Background: Most COVID-19 mortality scores were developed in the early months of the pandemic and now available evidence-based interventions have helped reduce its lethality. It has not been evaluated if the original predictive performance of these scores holds true nor compared it against Clinical Gestalt predictions. We tested the current predictive accuracy of six COVID-19 scores and compared it with Clinical Gestalt predictions. Methods: 200 COVID-19 patients were enrolled in a tertiary hospital in Mexico City between September and December 2020. Clinical Gestalt predictions of death (as a percentage) and LOW-HARM, qSOFA, MSL-COVID-19, NUTRI-CoV and NEWS2 were obtained at admission. We calculated the AUC of each score and compared it against Clinical Gestalt predictions and against their respective originally reported value. Results: 106 men and 60 women aged 56+/-9 and with confirmed COVID-19 were included in the analysis. The observed AUC of all scores was significantly lower than originally reported; LOW-HARM 0.96 (0.94-0.98) vs 0.76 (0.69-0.84), qSOFA 0.74 (0.65-0.81) vs 0.61 (0.53-0.69), MSL-COVID-19 0.72 (0.69-0.75) vs 0.64 (0.55-0.73) NUTRI-CoV 0.79 (0.76-0.82) vs 0.60 (0.51-0.69), NEWS2 0.84 (0.79-0.90) vs 0.65 (0.56-0.75), Neutrophil-Lymphocyte ratio 0.74 (0.62-0.85) vs 0.65 (0.57-0.73). Clinical Gestalt predictions were non-inferior to mortality scores (AUC=0.68 (0.59-0.77)). Adjusting the LOW-HARM score with locally derived likelihood ratios did not improve its performance. However, some scores performed better than Clinical Gestalt predictions when clinician9s confidence of prediction was <80%. Conclusion: No score was significantly better than Clinical Gestalt predictions. Despite its subjective nature, Clinical Gestalt has relevant advantages for predicting COVID-19 clinical outcomes.
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.16.21255647v1" target="_blank">Prospective predictive performance comparison between Clinical Gestalt and validated COVID-19 mortality scores.</a>
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<li><strong>Enumerating asymptomatic COVID-19 cases and estimating SARS-CoV-2 fecal shedding rates via wastewater-based epidemiology</strong> -
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Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) was utilized to monitor SARS-CoV-2 RNA in sewage collected from manholes specific to individual student dormitories (dorms) at the University of Arizona in the fall semester of 2020, which led to successful identification and reduction of transmission events. Positive wastewater samples triggered clinical testing of almost all residents within that dorm; thus, SARS-CoV-2 infected individuals were identified regardless of symptom expression. This current study examined clinical testing data to determine the abundance of asymptomatic versus symptomatic cases in these defined communities. Nasal and nasopharyngeal swab samples processed via antigen and PCR tests indicated that 79.2% of SARS-CoV-2 infections were asymptomatic, and only 20.8% of positive cases reported COVID-19 symptoms at the time of testing. Clinical data was paired with corresponding wastewater virus concentrations, which enabled calculation of viral shedding rates in feces per infected person(s). Mean shedding rates averaged from positive wastewater samples across all dorms were 6.84 ± 0.77 log10 genome copies per gram of feces (gc/g-feces) based on the N1 gene and 7.74 ± 0.53 log10 gc/g-feces based on the N2 gene. Quantification of SARS-CoV-2 fecal shedding rates from infected persons has been the critical missing component necessary for WBE models to measure and predict SARS-CoV-2 infection prevalence in communities. The findings from this study can be utilized to create models that can be used to inform public health prevention and response actions.
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.16.21255638v1" target="_blank">Enumerating asymptomatic COVID-19 cases and estimating SARS-CoV-2 fecal shedding rates via wastewater-based epidemiology</a>
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<li><strong>The new SARS-CoV-2 variant and reinfection in the resurgence of COVID-19 outbreaks in Manaus, Brazil</strong> -
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Manaus, a city of 2.2 million population, the capital of Amazonas state of Brazil was hit badly by two waves of COVID-19 with more than 10,000 severe acute respiratory syndrome deaths by the end of February 2021. It was estimated that the first wave infected over three quarters of the population in Manaus based on routine blood donor data, and the second wave was largely due to reinfection with a new variant named P1 strain. In this work, we revisit these claims, and discuss biological constraints. In particular, we model the two waves with a two-strain model without a significant proportion of reinfections.
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.25.21254281v2" target="_blank">The new SARS-CoV-2 variant and reinfection in the resurgence of COVID-19 outbreaks in Manaus, Brazil</a>
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<li><strong>Excess Mortality probably due to COVID-19 in Tokyo, Japan between August and October, 2020</strong> -
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Background: As of March, 2021, the COVID-19 outbreak has been record the highest peak in the end of December, 2020. Nevertheless, no remarkable excess mortality attributable to COVID-19 has been observed. Object: We sought to quantify excess mortality in April using the National Institute of Infectious Diseases (NIID) model. Method: We applied the NIID model to deaths of all causes from 1987 up through January, 2021 for the whole of Japan and up through November for Tokyo. Results: Results in Japan show very few excess mortality in August and October, 2020 It was estimated as 12 and 104. Conversely, in Tokyo, 595 excess mortality was detected between August and October, which was 3.1% and 1.7% of baseline. Discussion and Conclusion: We detected substantial excess mortality in Tokyo but a few in Japan. It might be important to continue to monitor excess mortality of COVID-19 carefully hereafter.
|
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</p>
|
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</div>
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<div class="article-link article-html-link">
|
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.09.20143164v16" target="_blank">Excess Mortality probably due to COVID-19 in Tokyo, Japan between August and October, 2020</a>
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</div></li>
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</ul>
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<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-clinical-trials">From Clinical Trials</h1>
|
||||
<ul>
|
||||
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Virgin Coconut Oil as Adjunctive Therapy for Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients</strong> - <b>Condition</b>: Covid19<br/><b>Intervention</b>: Drug: Virgin Coconut Oil<br/><b>Sponsors</b>: University of the Philippines; Philippine Coconut Authority; Philippine Council for Health Research & Development<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
|
||||
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Clinical Study in the Treatment of Patients With Moderate Course of COVID-19</strong> - <b>Condition</b>: COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>: Drug: COVID-globulin; Drug: Placebo<br/><b>Sponsor</b>: Microgen<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
|
||||
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Rehabilitation for Patients With Persistent Symptoms Post COVID-19</strong> - <b>Condition</b>: Covid19<br/><b>Intervention</b>: Other: Concentrated rehabilitation for patients with persistent symptoms post COVID-19<br/><b>Sponsors</b>: Western Norway University of Applied Sciences; Helse-Bergen HF<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
|
||||
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A Nurse-Community Health Worker-Family Partnership Model: Addressing Uptake of COVID-19 Testing and Control Measures</strong> - <b>Condition</b>: COVID-19<br/><b>Intervention</b>: Behavioral: Nurse-Community-Family Partnership Intervention<br/><b>Sponsor</b>: New York University<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
|
||||
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Efficacy and Safety of Three Different Doses of an Anti SARS-CoV-2 Hyperimmune Equine Serum in COVID-19 Patients</strong> - <b>Condition</b>: Covid19<br/><b>Interventions</b>: Biological: Anti SARS-CoV-2 equine hyperimmune serum; Biological: placebo<br/><b>Sponsors</b>: Caja Costarricense de Seguro Social; Universidad de Costa Rica; Ministry of Health Costa Rica<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
|
||||
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Viral Clearance, PK and Tolerability of Ensovibep in COVID-19 Patients</strong> - <b>Condition</b>: Covid19<br/><b>Intervention</b>: Drug: ensovibep<br/><b>Sponsor</b>: Molecular Partners AG<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
|
||||
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A Clinical Study Evaluating Inhaled Aviptadil on COVID-19</strong> - <b>Condition</b>: Covid19<br/><b>Interventions</b>: Drug: Inhaled Aviptadil; Drug: Placebo<br/><b>Sponsors</b>: Centurion Pharma; Klinar CRO<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
|
||||
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>ACTIV-3b: Therapeutics for Severely Ill Inpatients With COVID-19</strong> - <b>Condition</b>: Covid19<br/><b>Interventions</b>: Biological: Remdesivir; Drug: Remdesivir Placebo; Biological: Aviptadil; Drug: Aviptadil Placebo; Drug: Corticosteroid<br/><b>Sponsors</b>: National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID); International Network for Strategic Initiatives in Global HIV Trials (INSIGHT); University of Copenhagen; Medical Research Council; Kirby Institute; Washington D.C. Veterans Affairs Medical Center; AIDS Clinical Trials Group; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI); US Department of Veterans Affairs; Prevention and Early Treatment of Acute Lung Injury (PETAL); Cardiothoracic Surgical Trials Network (CTSN); NeuroRx, Inc.; Gilead Sciences<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
|
||||
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>The Effects of a Multi-factorial Rehabilitation Program for Healthcare Workers Suffering From Post-COVID-19 Fatigue Syndrome</strong> - <b>Condition</b>: COVID-19<br/><b>Intervention</b>: Other: Exercise<br/><b>Sponsor</b>: Medical University of Vienna<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
|
||||
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>COVID-19 Close Contact Self-Testing Study</strong> - <b>Condition</b>: Covid19<br/><b>Interventions</b>: Behavioral: COVID-19 self-test; Behavioral: COVID-19 test referral<br/><b>Sponsor</b>: University of Pennsylvania<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
|
||||
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Safety and Immunogenicity of the Inactivated Koçak-19 Inaktif Adjuvanlı COVID-19 Vaccine Compared to Placebo</strong> - <b>Condition</b>: COVID-19 Vaccine<br/><b>Interventions</b>: Biological: Koçak-19 Inaktif Adjuvanlı COVID-19 Vaccine 4 µg/0.5 ml Vaccine; Biological: Koçak-19 Inaktif Adjuvanlı COVID-19 Vaccine 6 µg/0.5 ml Vaccine; Biological: Placebo<br/><b>Sponsor</b>: Kocak Farma<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
|
||||
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Study on Sequential Immunization of Recombinant COVID-19 Vaccine (Ad5 Vector) and RBD-based Protein Subunit Vaccine</strong> - <b>Condition</b>: COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>: Biological: recombinant Ad5 vectored COVID-19 vaccine; Biological: RBD-based protein subunit vaccine (ZF2001) against COVID-19; Biological: trivalent split influenza vaccine<br/><b>Sponsor</b>: Jiangsu Province Centers for Disease Control and Prevention<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
|
||||
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Total-Body Parametric 18F-FDG PET of COVID-19</strong> - <b>Condition</b>: Covid19<br/><b>Intervention</b>: Device: uEXPLORER/mCT<br/><b>Sponsor</b>: University of California, Davis<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
|
||||
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Cetirizine and Famotidine for COVID-19</strong> - <b>Condition</b>: Covid19<br/><b>Interventions</b>: Drug: Cetirizine and Famotidine; Drug: Placebo<br/><b>Sponsor</b>: Emory University<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
|
||||
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>SLV213 Treatment in COVID-19 Patients</strong> - <b>Condition</b>: Covid19<br/><b>Interventions</b>: Drug: SLV213; Drug: Placebo<br/><b>Sponsors</b>: Kenneth Krantz, MD, PhD; FHI Clinical, Inc.<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-pubmed">From PubMed</h1>
|
||||
<ul>
|
||||
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Babaodan controls excessive immune responses and may represent a cytokine-targeted agent suitable for COVID-19 treatment</strong> - It has become evident that the actions of pro-inflammatory cytokines and/or the development of a cytokine storm are responsible for the occurrence of severe COVID-19 during SARS-CoV-2 infection. Although immunomodulatory mechanisms vary among viruses, the activation of multiple TLRs that occurs primarily through the recruitment of adapter proteins such as MyD88 and TRIF contributes to the induction of a cytokine storm. Based on this, controlling the robust production of pro-inflammatory…</p></li>
|
||||
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Antiviral strategies should focus on stimulating the biosynthesis of heparan sulfates, not their inhibition</strong> - Antiviral strategies for viruses that utilize proteoglycan core proteins (syndecans and glypicans) as receptors should focus on heparan sulfate (HS) biosynthesis rather than on inhibition of these sugar chains. Here, we show that heparin and certain xylosides, which exhibit in vitro viral entry inhibitory properties against HSV-1, HSV-2, HPV-16, HPV-31, HVB, HVC, HIV-1, HTLV-1, SARS-CoV-2, HCMV, DENV-1, and DENV-2, stimulated HS biosynthesis at the cell surface 2- to 3-fold for heparin and up to…</p></li>
|
||||
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>High-throughput screening identifies established drugs as SARS-CoV-2 PLpro inhibitors</strong> - A new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) has been identified as the etiologic agent for the COVID-19 outbreak. Currently, effective treatment options remain very limited for this disease; therefore, there is an urgent need to identify new anti-COVID-19 agents. In this study, we screened over 6,000 compounds that included approved drugs, drug candidates in clinical trials, and pharmacologically active compounds to identify leads that target the SARS-CoV-2 papain-like protease (PLpro). Together with main…</p></li>
|
||||
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Multi-conformation representation of Mpro identifies promising candidates for drug repurposing against COVID-19</strong> - The COVID-19 main protease (Mpro), one of the conserved proteins of the novel coronavirus is crucial for its replication and so is a very lucrative drug target. Till now, there is no drug molecule that has been convincingly identified as the inhibitor of the function of this protein. The current pandemic situation demands a shortcut to quickly reach to a lead compound or a drug, which may not be the best but might serve as an interim solution at least. Following this notion, the present…</p></li>
|
||||
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Orally delivered MK-4482 inhibits SARS-CoV-2 replication in the Syrian hamster model</strong> - The COVID-19 pandemic progresses unabated in many regions of the world. An effective antiviral against SARS-CoV-2 that could be administered orally for use following high-risk exposure would be of substantial benefit in controlling the COVID-19 pandemic. Herein, we show that MK-4482, an orally administered nucleoside analog, inhibits SARS-CoV-2 replication in the Syrian hamster model. The inhibitory effect of MK-4482 on SARS-CoV-2 replication is observed in animals when the drug is administered…</p></li>
|
||||
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Novel inhibitors of the main protease enzyme of SARS-CoV-2 identified via molecular dynamics simulation-guided in vitro assay</strong> - For the COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2, there are currently no effective drugs or vaccines to treat this coronavirus infection. In this study, we focus on the main protease enzyme of SARS-CoV-2, 3CL^(pro), which is critical for viral replication. We employ explicit solvent molecular dynamics simulations of about 150 compounds docked into 3CL^(pro)’s binding site and that had emerged as good main protease ligands from our previous in silico screening of over 1.2 million compounds. By…</p></li>
|
||||
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Induction of Exaggerated Cytokine Production in Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells by a Recombinant SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoprotein S1 and Its Inhibition by Dexamethasone</strong> - An understanding of the pathological inflammatory mechanisms involved in SARS-CoV-2 virus infection is necessary in order to discover new molecular pharmacological targets for SARS-CoV-2 cytokine storm. In this study, the effects of a recombinant SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein S1 was investigated in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Stimulation of PBMCs with spike glycoprotein S1 (100 ng/mL) resulted in significant elevation in the production of TNFα, IL-6, IL-1β and IL-8….</p></li>
|
||||
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Polysulfates block SARS-CoV-2 uptake via electrostatic interactions</strong> - Here we report that negatively charged polysulfates can bind to the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 via electrostatic interactions. Using a plaque reduction assay, we compare inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 by heparin, pentosan sulfate, linear polyglycerol sulfate (LPGS) and hyperbranched polyglycerol sulfate (HPGS). Highly sulfated LPGS is the optimal inhibitor, with a half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC 50 ) of 67 μg/mL (approx. 1.6 μM). This synthetic polysulfate exhibits more than 60-fold higher…</p></li>
|
||||
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Wuhan to World: The COVID-19 Pandemic</strong> - COVID-19 is a Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS), caused by SARS-CoV-2, a novel virus which belongs to the family Coronaviridae. It was first reported in December 2019 in the Wuhan city of China and soon after, the virus and hence the disease got spread to the entire world. As of February 26, 2021, SARS-CoV-2 has infected ~112.20 million people and caused ~2.49 million deaths across the globe. Although the case fatality rate among SARS-CoV-2 patient is lower (~2.15%) than its earlier…</p></li>
|
||||
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Development of flexible electrochemical impedance spectroscopy-based biosensing platform for rapid screening of SARS-CoV-2 inhibitors</strong> - Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) enters the cells through the binding of its spike protein (S-protein) to the cell surface-expressing angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). Thus, inhibition of S-protein-ACE2 binding may impede SARS-CoV-2 cell entry and attenuate the progression of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In this study, an electrochemical impedance spectroscopy-based biosensing platform consisting of a recombinant ACE2-coated palladium nano-thin-film…</p></li>
|
||||
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>SARS-CoV-2 mutations acquired in mink reduce antibody-mediated neutralization</strong> - Transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) from humans to farmed mink has been observed in Europe and the US. In the infected animals, viral variants arose that harbored mutations in the spike (S) protein, the target of neutralizing antibodies, and these variants were transmitted back to humans. This raised concerns that mink might become a constant source of human infection with SARS-CoV-2 variants associated with an increased threat to human health and…</p></li>
|
||||
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Synergistic Inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 Replication Using Disulfiram/Ebselen and Remdesivir</strong> - The SARS-CoV-2 replication and transcription complex (RTC) comprising nonstructural protein (nsp) 2-16 plays crucial roles in viral replication, reducing the efficacy of broad-spectrum nucleoside analog drugs such as remdesivir and evading innate immune responses. Most studies target a specific viral component of the RTC such as the main protease or the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. In contrast, our strategy is to target multiple conserved domains of the RTC to prevent SARS-CoV-2 genome…</p></li>
|
||||
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Intriguing Antiviral Modified Nucleosides: A Retrospective View into the Future Treatment of COVID-19</strong> - Great pioneers of nucleic acid chemistry had elucidated nucleic acid functions and structures and developed various antiviral modified nucleoside drugs. It is possible in theory that antiviral modified nucleosides prevent viral replication by inhibiting viral polymerases. However, biological phenomena far exceed our predictions at times. We describe the characteristics of the approved antiviral modified nucleosides from an organic chemistry perspective. Also, based on our experiences and…</p></li>
|
||||
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Angiotensin Receptor Blockers for COVID-19: Pathophysiological and Pharmacological Considerations About Ongoing and Future Prospective Clinical Trials</strong> - COVID-19 pandemic demands a swift response to find therapeutic tools that effectively reduce morbidity and mortality. Despite initial fears, evidence from retrospective observational studies supports the inhibition of the renin-angiotensin system as an emerging pathway to delay or moderate angiotensin II-driven lung inflammation. This has triggered several prospective clinical trials. In this commentary we provide an overview and analysis of current ongoing clinical trials aimed at evaluating…</p></li>
|
||||
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Epstein-Barr virus lytic replication induces ACE2 expression and enhances SARS CoV-2 pseudotyped virus entry in epithelial cells</strong> - Understanding factors that affect the infectivity of SARS CoV-2 is central to combatting COVID-19. The virus surface spike protein of SARS CoV-2 mediates viral entry into cells by binding to the ACE2 receptor on epithelial cells and promoting fusion. We find that Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) induces ACE2 expression when it enters the lytic replicative cycle in epithelial cells. By using VSV particles pseudotyped with the SARS CoV-2 spike protein, we show that lytic EBV replication enhances…</p></li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-patent-search">From Patent Search</h1>
|
||||
<ul>
|
||||
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Compositions and methods for the treatment of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV-2) infection</strong> - - <a href="https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=AU321590214">link</a></p></li>
|
||||
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>5-(4-TERT-BUTOXY PHENYL)-3-(4N-OCTYLOXYPHENYL)-4,5-DIHYDROISOXAZOLE MOLECULE (C-I): A PROMISING DRUG FOR SARS-COV-2 (TARGET I) AND BLOOD CANCER (TARGET II)</strong> - The present invention relates to a method ofmolecular docking of crystalline compound (C-I) with SARS-COV 2 proteins and its repurposing with proteins of blood cancer, comprising the steps of ; employing an algorithmto carry molecular docking calculations of the crystalized compound (C-I); studying the compound computationally to understand the effect of binding groups with the atoms of the amino acids on at least four target proteins of SARS-COV 2; downloading the structure of the proteins; removing water molecules, co enzymes and inhibitors attached to the enzymes; drawing the structure using Chem Sketch software; converting the mol file into a PDB file; using crystalized compound (C-I) for comparative and drug repurposing with two other mutated proteins; docking compound into the groove of the proteins; saving format of docked molecules retrieved; and filtering and docking the best docked results. - <a href="https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=IN320884617">link</a></p></li>
|
||||
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>AQUEOUS ZINC OXIDE NANOSPRAY COMPOSITIONS</strong> - Disclosed herein is aqueous zinc oxide nano spray compositions comprising zinc oxide nanoparticles and a synthetic surfactant for controlling the spread of Covid-19 virus. - <a href="https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=IN321836709">link</a></p></li>
|
||||
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>一种肝素类药物组合物、喷鼻剂及其制备方法及应用</strong> - 本发明公开了一种肝素类药物组合物、喷鼻剂及其制备方法及应用。该肝素类药物组合物包括肝素钠和阿比朵尔。本发明中的肝素类药物组合物首次采用肝素钠和阿比朵尔联合使用,普通肝素钠联合1μM/L以上的阿比朵尔病毒抑制效率显著高于单独普通肝素钠或单独阿比多尔组(p<0.05)。 - <a href="https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=CN321712860">link</a></p></li>
|
||||
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>USING CLINICAL ONTOLOGIES TO BUILD KNOWLEDGE BASED CLINICAL DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM FOR NOVEL CORONAVIRUS (COVID-19) WITH THE ADOPTION OF TELECONFERENCING FOR THE PRIMARY HEALTH CENTRES/SATELLITE CLINICS OF ROYAL OMAN POLICE IN SULTANATE OF OMAN</strong> - - <a href="https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=AU320796026">link</a></p></li>
|
||||
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>抗SARS-COV-2中和抗体</strong> - 本公开提供了针对SARS‑COV‑2的新颖中和抗体和其抗原结合片段。还提供了包括其的药物组合物和试剂盒以及其用途。 - <a href="https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=CN321712812">link</a></p></li>
|
||||
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Peptides and their use in diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection</strong> - - <a href="https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=AU319943278">link</a></p></li>
|
||||
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Method and compositions for treating coronavirus infection</strong> - A method of treating viral infection, such as viral infection caused by a virus of the Coronaviridae family, is provided. A composition having at least oleandrin is used to treat viral infection. - <a href="https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=AU319943054">link</a></p></li>
|
||||
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">**一种4-肟-5<code>-(2-甲基丙酰基)尿苷的制备方法** - 本发明公开了一种4‑肟‑5</code>‑(2‑甲基丙酰基)尿苷的制备方法,包括:S1:在酸存在条件下,使得化合物1和2,2‑二甲氧基丙烷在有机溶剂中反应得到化合物2;S2:在碱存在条件下,使得化合物2在有机溶剂中反应得到化合物3;S3:在羟胺水溶液存在条件下使化合物3在有机溶剂中反应得到化合物4;S4:在酸存在条件下使化合物4在有机溶剂中反应得到化合物I。本发明制备得到的结晶性能良好的固体,且制备条件简单,转化率以及原子经济性好。 - <a href="https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=CN321712529">link</a></p></li>
|
||||
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>一种COVID-19假病毒及其制备方法和用途</strong> - 本发明涉及生物技术领域,特别是涉及一种COVID‑19假病毒及其制备方法和用途本发明,所述COVID‑19假病毒由外壳蛋白质粒与辅助质粒经病毒包装而成,所述外壳蛋白质粒包括表达COVID‑19 S蛋白的质粒、表达COVID‑19 M蛋白的质粒和表达COVID‑19 E蛋白的质粒。本发明的COVID‑19假病毒采用三质粒系统包装,以S/M/E蛋白替代表达VSV‑G蛋白,比仅含有S蛋白的假病毒感染能力更强、灵敏度更高。而且,COVID‑19假病毒携带两种荧光报告基团,不同的荧光报告基团可应用于不同的场景,使得COVID‑19假病毒应用时更简便。 - <a href="https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=CN321712520">link</a></p></li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
|
||||
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<title>Daily-Dose</title><meta content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" name="viewport"/><link href="styles/simple.css" rel="stylesheet"/><link href="../styles/simple.css" rel="stylesheet"/><style>*{overflow-x:hidden;}</style><link href="https://unpkg.com/aos@2.3.1/dist/aos.css" rel="stylesheet"/><script src="https://unpkg.com/aos@2.3.1/dist/aos.js"></script></head>
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<h1 data-aos="fade-down" id="daily-dose">Daily-Dose</h1>
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<h1 data-aos="fade-right" data-aos-anchor-placement="top-bottom" id="contents">Contents</h1>
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<ul>
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||||
<li><a href="#from-new-yorker">From New Yorker</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="#from-vox">From Vox</a></li>
|
||||
<li><a href="#from-the-hindu-sports">From The Hindu: Sports</a></li>
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||||
<li><a href="#from-the-hindu-national-news">From The Hindu: National News</a></li>
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||||
<li><a href="#from-bbc-europe">From BBC: Europe</a></li>
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||||
<li><a href="#from-ars-technica">From Ars Technica</a></li>
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||||
<li><a href="#from-jokes-subreddit">From Jokes Subreddit</a></li>
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</ul>
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||||
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-new-yorker">From New Yorker</h1>
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||||
<ul>
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||||
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Leaving Afghanistan, and the Lessons of America’s Longest War</strong> - It is the Afghan people, of course, who have paid the highest price for America’s failed ambitions. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/daily-comment/leaving-afghanistan-and-the-lessons-of-americas-longest-war">link</a></p></li>
|
||||
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>What Will It Take to Pandemic-Proof America?</strong> - When the next virus strikes, we’ll look back on this moment as an opportunity that we either seized or squandered. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/science/annals-of-medicine/what-will-it-take-to-pandemic-proof-america">link</a></p></li>
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||||
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>How We Fell in Love in Lockdown</strong> - The artist Philippa Found compiled hundreds of written accounts of love in the time of COVID-19 for a project called “Lockdown Love Stories.” - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/letter-from-the-uk/how-we-fell-in-love-in-lockdown">link</a></p></li>
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||||
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Andrew Cuomo, Matt Gaetz, and the New “Never Resign” School of Politics</strong> - In recent years, many politicians have seemed to realize that remaining in office is often the best path out of a scandal—for their own sake if no one else’s. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/our-local-correspondents/andrew-cuomo-matt-gaetz-and-the-new-never-resign-school-of-politics">link</a></p></li>
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<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>How the Pandemic Changed Europe</strong> - The historian Adam Tooze discusses the vaccine rollout and shifting politics in the E.U. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/q-and-a/how-the-pandemic-changed-europe">link</a></p></li>
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</ul>
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<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-vox">From Vox</h1>
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<ul>
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<li><strong>The Hog Baron</strong> -
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<figure>
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||||
<img alt="" src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/PTy3Fbow9jtlAEbGLbFlbK5V158=/0x0:5128x3846/1310x983/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_image/image/69115594/Kathryn_Gamble_7712_desaturated.0.jpg"/>
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||||
<figcaption>
|
||||
A CAFO, or concentrated animal feeding operation, outside of Rockwell City, Iowa. The proliferation of CAFOs has transformed the state in the past 30 years; lifeless pigs in dumpsters are now a common sight. | Photos by Kathryn Gamble for Vox
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</figcaption>
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</figure>
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
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||||
How Iowa’s largest hog producer courted power, turned farming into a numbers game, and transformed the American heartland.
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</p>
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||||
<div class="c-float-left">
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||||
<figure class="e-image">
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||||
<img alt=" " src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/YYgW4HsU995yniG4Y5QuEoQvF0Y=/800x0/filters:no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/21899595/VOX_The_Highlight_Box_Logo_Horizontal.png"/>
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</figure>
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="U5gRuI">
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||||
Part of <a href="https://www.vox.com/e/22150607"><strong>The Animals Issue</strong></a> of <a href="https://www.vox.com/the-highlight"><strong>The Highlight</strong></a>, our home for ambitious stories that explain our world.
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</p>
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<hr class="p-entry-hr" id="mQUgqI"/>
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="APYkot">
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||||
Jeff Hansen, who owns Iowa’s largest hog operation, brought about <a href="https://www.desmoinesregister.com/story/news/2020/05/20/iowa-farm-forced-euthanize-pigs-infiltrated-animal-activists/5232631002/">5 million pigs</a> to market last year. Each one spent its entire life in a windowless metal shed called a confinement. Passing clusters of the massive sheds on the rural highways, you wouldn’t imagine that a standard confinement holds almost 2,500 pigs — unless the wind wafted the thick stench of manure in your direction. The manure drops through a shed’s slatted floors and collects in a deep pool below. Often, that pool will run through a pipe to a manure pond or lagoon that holds the overflow.
|
||||
</p>
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||||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="tY7tjG">
|
||||
Hansen’s company, Iowa Select Farms, employs more than <a href="https://www.desmoinesregister.com/story/money/agriculture/2018/03/08/iowa-can-support-47-500-cafos-but-should/371440002/">7,400 people</a>, including contractors, and has built hundreds of confinement sheds in more than 50 of Iowa’s 99 counties. Since they began to arrive in the 1990s, these sheds have provoked controversy. Citing damage to <a href="https://surgery.duke.edu/news/nc-residents-living-near-large-hog-farms-have-elevated-disease-death-risks">health</a>, <a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/1dePUWMfoVSoLZXX7YXbOX2W6JNhOfcKN/view?usp=sharing">livelihoods</a>, <a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/1DlD0j_hWqH8ynfjl7uBcAaQkbR0gjjnd/view?usp=sharing">property values</a>, the environment, and the farm economy, rural communities in Iowa have campaigned fiercely against them.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="t95K7J">
|
||||
While their efforts have yielded small victories, they have lost the war: The state’s hog industry, led by Hansen, has cultivated close relationships with state politicians on both sides of the aisle to roll back regulations, and confinements have flooded the countryside. The Hansen family’s charitable efforts have seemingly solidified these ties; it’s not unusual for a sitting governor to attend a charity gala thrown by the Hansens.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<figure class="e-image">
|
||||
<img alt=" " src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/jY0QhQBuJuU6f-joz8KNGLDbj2I=/800x0/filters:no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22406305/Kathryn_Gamble_7701_desaturated.jpg"/>
|
||||
<figcaption>
|
||||
A 24,000-square-foot Iowa Select warehouse and conference center opened in 2020 in tiny Rockwell City. The three-shed complex houses nearly 7,500 pigs.
|
||||
</figcaption>
|
||||
</figure>
|
||||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="aD9jDs">
|
||||
Since Iowa Select was founded in 1992, the state’s pig <a href="http://lib-usda-05.serverfarm.cornell.edu/usda/AgCensusImages/1992/01/15/1569/Table-31.pdf">population</a> has <a href="https://www.nass.usda.gov/Publications/AgCensus/2017/Full_Report/Volume_1,_Chapter_1_State_Level/Iowa/st19_1_0017_0019.pdf">increased</a> more than 50 percent — while the number of farms raising hogs has declined over 80 percent. In the last 30 years, 26,000 Iowa farms quit the long-standing tradition of raising pigs. As confinements replaced them, rural communities have continued to hollow out.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Tqgwk1">
|
||||
While other states have placed <a href="https://deq.nc.gov/about/divisions/water-resources/water-resources-permits/wastewater-branch/animal-feeding-operation-permits/afo-program-summary#:~:text=In%201997%2C%20North%20Carolina%20implemented,must%20meet%20five%20performance%20standards.">regulations</a> on the hog industry out of concern for the environment and economy, Iowa has peeled them back. It now raises about a <a href="https://www.iowapork.org/news-from-the-iowa-pork-producers-association/iowa-pork-facts/">third</a> of the nation’s hogs, about as many as the second, third, and fourth-ranking states <a href="https://www.statista.com/statistics/194371/top-10-us-states-by-number-of-hogs-and-pigs/">combined</a>. As the largest pig farmer in a state that both the American hog industry and <a href="https://www.iowapork.org/news-from-the-iowa-pork-producers-association/iowa-pork-facts/">export market</a> depend on, Hansen is an agricultural force with international influence.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<div class="c-float-right">
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||||
<div id="LyKQo2">
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||||
<div>
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||||
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||||
</div>
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||||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="zRIkIw">
|
||||
Pigs in Iowa outnumber human residents by a ratio of more than 7 to 1, and they produce a volume of waste equivalent to nearly <a href="https://www.iihr.uiowa.edu/cjones/iowas-real-population/?doing_wp_cron=1617366873.7112309932708740234375">84 million people</a>, more than the population of California, Texas, and Illinois combined. In theory, this manure, when spread on nearby crop fields, is a useful fertilizer, but residents and scientists alike point to evidence that this “Mt. Everest of waste,” as one University of Iowa water quality researcher describes it, is frequently mismanaged. It filters through soil to underground pipes that discharge directly into rivers, and when manure is over-applied, rain and snowmelt can sluice it into waterways.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="wWZhgH">
|
||||
As confinements have come to dominate farming, they’ve worsened Iowa’s water quality: Watersheds that are dense with livestock have a <a href="https://www.stormlake.com/articles/rising-livestock-numbers-feed-nitrate-load/">higher nutrient</a> overload, and last summer the state closed <a href="https://www.thegazette.com/news/half-of-iowa-state-park-beaches-had-swim-warnings-in-2020/">half</a> of its state park beaches to swimming for at least a week, citing the health risk of toxins or bacteria. Closer to the sheds, many rural residents say they’ve been plagued — and others pushed out — by the stench, the flies, and the health hazards that seem to accompany the facilities.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="qmZ3iG">
|
||||
Hansen likely can’t see — or smell — any hog buildings from his 7,000-square-foot <a href="https://www.zillow.com/homedetails/1469-Glen-Oaks-Dr-West-Des-Moines-IA-50266/863060_zpid/">mansion</a>, which is nestled inside a gated community in suburban Des Moines. His view is most<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/place/Glen+Oaks+Country+Club+Iowa/@41.5487087,-93.7798538,17.01z/data=!4m13!1m7!3m6!1s0x87ec202e1895da9d:0x2e73e4865b323c6!2s1469+Glen+Oaks+Dr,+West+Des+Moines,+IA+50266!3b1!8m2!3d41.5488576!4d-93.7778377!3m4!1s0x87ec2032eee5eaf7:0x77ba18410e49c3ff!8m2!3d41.5486247!4d-93.7813709"> likely</a> dominated by the golf course at the Glen Oaks Country Club, which abuts his backyard.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="PYyEyY">
|
||||
In a year when Covid-19 <a href="https://www.usatoday.com/in-depth/news/2021/01/11/covid-19-deaths-not-investigated-osha-meatpacking-plants/6537524002/">sickened</a> thousands of workers — and <a href="https://thefern.org/2020/04/mapping-covid-19-in-meat-and-food-processing-plants/">killed</a> 11 — in Iowa hog slaughterhouses owned by Tyson, one of Iowa Select’s exclusive contractors, Hansen’s company jet recorded <a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/1AJrsTlrbx95mAvsVa60dQWbOEf-aOSUc/view?usp=sharing">over 200 flights</a>, including several trips to Naples, Florida, where until recently he owned <a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/1V6uz4hxuR28BQwPmLF0OR8Li6yYJT639/view?usp=sharing">multiple homes</a> on the coast.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="3yCZYQ">
|
||||
Meanwhile, back in Iowa, Gov. Kim Reynolds, who has received <a href="https://www.thegazette.com/subject/news/government/iowa-governors-race-unions-big-money-donors-and-multimillion-dollar-hauls-20180125">$300,000</a> in campaign contributions from Iowa Select, <a href="https://cbs2iowa.com/news/local/gov-reynolds-says-meatpacking-plants-will-stay-open-even-as-hundreds-of-workers-infected">fought</a> to keep plants open, prioritizing farmers like Hansen, who would lose millions as barns became overloaded with market-ready animals. And in mid-July, when Iowa Select’s administrative headquarters in West Des Moines had an outbreak scare, the company <a href="https://apnews.com/article/public-health-iowa-kim-reynolds-des-moines-coronavirus-pandemic-639cc1c485701ce6eef074a34577d8e2">reached out</a> directly to the governor’s office, which sent a rapid-response team to test 32 office employees. The governor’s rapid allocation of testing resources to political donors such as the Hansens has stirred controversy, prompting an investigation from the state auditor. (Reynolds has argued that the state also offered testing to dozens of other businesses.)
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="uByn1I">
|
||||
As the pandemic disrupted food chains, and Americans read headlines about farmers plowing vegetables into the ground and exterminating animals by the millions, they probably weren’t thinking of jet-setting millionaires like Jeff Hansen. But businesses like his are increasingly the norm in farm country: huge, regional-scale <a href="https://www.agriculture.com/livestock/pork-powerhouses/pork-powerhouses-2020-backing-up">corporations</a> owned by just one or a few families who, many believe, use their political connections to overpower both local democracy and local businesses. The story of Hansen and how he came to wield so much power reveals how decades of deregulation shaped the hog industry — and by extension, the farming methods used to produce the vast majority of the pork that America eats.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="lWufuO">
|
||||
Iowa Select Farms denied multiple requests for interviews and visits over a period of five months. It declined to comment on the findings of this story and referred Vox to the company’s website for information.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<hr class="p-entry-hr" id="leTrKp"/>
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||||
<p class="p--has-dropcap" data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="WM3PEn">
|
||||
Jeff Hansen and his wife, Deb, grew up in Iowa Falls as typical farm kids. They graduated from the local high school in 1976, and soon married. Both went straight to work: Jeff helped his father farm, while Deb worked in a local farm insurance office.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="JvHuWz">
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||||
During the Hansens’ childhoods, Iowa’s rich soils had supported a constellation of diversified single-family operations. Farmers grew corn and soybeans, but many also raised a flock of chickens, milked a small dairy herd, or grazed beef on pasture. As with many long-term portfolios, diversity was a farm family’s lifeline.
|
||||
</p>
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||||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="ULQQYa">
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||||
Many considered pigs to be the keystone of these small farms’ survival. Farmers raised a variety of breeds in barns and in pens. While many kept hogs in every stage of the life cycle, others specialized in “farrowing,” breeding sows and raising the litters. Others bought “feeder” pigs, fattening them to maturity and then auctioning them at sale barns spread in a grid across the Iowa countryside. It was likely at just such a sale barn that <a href="https://www.nationalhogfarmer.com/business/2013-master-pork-industry-jeff-hansen">newlywed</a> Jeff Hansen bought his first three sows, which he kept in a converted barn on his father’s property.
|
||||
</p>
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||||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="0gNg6J">
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||||
As the herd grew, the couple found the work grueling — particularly Deb, who had quit her office job to manage the pigs. To lighten her load, Jeff <a href="https://www.nationalhogfarmer.com/business/2013-master-pork-industry-jeff-hansen">purchased</a> labor-saving equipment: “elevated farrowing crates with steel slats, a feed pan and automatic waterers,” according to National Hog Farmer,<em> </em>a trade magazine. Quickly grasping the potential of mechanized livestock equipment, Hansen sought a loan to build a business around these automated systems. By the early ’90s, he was bringing in $90 million a year assembling the confinement sheds that would take over Iowa’s hog industry: concentrated animal feeding operations, known as CAFOs.
|
||||
</p>
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||||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="irVyMM">
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||||
CAFOs had already <a href="https://www.simonandschuster.com/books/The-Meat-Racket/Christopher-Leonard/9781451645835">transformed the poultry industry in the mid-South during the ’50s and ’60s</a> and were first extensively used <a href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/3744872?seq=1">in the late 1980s</a> with hogs in North Carolina. CAFOs allow operators to farrow thousands of pigs in one barn, a model that depends on liberal use of antibiotics to prevent diseases that thrive in crowded conditions. After weaning, the pigs are transferred to a finishing operation. Their next transfer is their last — to the slaughterhouse. These two trips in a packed semi are the only daylight the pigs will ever see.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<figure class="e-image">
|
||||
<img alt="A Select Farms distribution center in Iowa Falls.&nbsp;" src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/rXSRIObQeTxU0c2xwrdYslYmbyg=/800x0/filters:no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22406318/KathrynGamble_7054_desaturated.jpg"/>
|
||||
<figcaption>
|
||||
Iowa Select Farms owns hundreds of hog-feeding sheds across the state and brought 5 million pigs to market last year, even amid a pandemic.
|
||||
</figcaption>
|
||||
</figure>
|
||||
<figure class="e-image">
|
||||
<img alt=" " src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/l2xtp09Qip0ncId78gFtOzC61f8=/800x0/filters:no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22406323/KathrynGamble_8227_desaturated.jpg"/>
|
||||
<figcaption>
|
||||
An aerial view of the Iowa Select CAFOs in Rockwell City shows how sprawling the operations can be.
|
||||
</figcaption>
|
||||
</figure>
|
||||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="muFPGN">
|
||||
In the sheds, powerful exhaust fans constantly suck out the ammonia rising from the manure lagoons. Shut off the fans and hogs would <a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/1lldKIqbY3HtWqq3X6TD6Ek7hagB8mEac/view?usp=sharing">die within hours</a>, cut off from ventilation and left to overheat and ultimately suffocate, as <a href="https://theintercept.com/2020/05/29/pigs-factory-farms-ventilation-shutdown-coronavirus/">whistleblowers say they did</a> last year when the pandemic disrupted slaughterhouse operations and Iowa Select needed to quickly kill hundreds of thousands of animals.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="11xla6">
|
||||
While Hansen continued expanding his CAFO business, farm economists <a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/1OXwhrLBGoy_QPfs_qnyhCnAtkkGkzjHv/view?usp=sharing">signaled</a> that if Iowa were friendly to corporations that wanted to expand hog CAFOs, the growth potential was enormous: Trade agreements that cut tariffs and import restrictions in Asia and Mexico had swung open the world market for livestock products — particularly eggs and pork.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="xshOyv">
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||||
CAFOs were also attractive because the big meatpackers, which purchased, slaughtered, and packaged pork, were now offering contracts with locked-in prices. The prospect of a guaranteed buyer at prices immune to market fluctuations appealed to farmers made skittish by the volatility of the ’80s. For meatpackers, buying from CAFOs was vastly more profitable than buying from a patchwork of independent growers, who sold pigs of varying breeds and sizes at local auctions. CAFOs provided a steady stream of pigs in predictable sizes that were ready for slaughter on an exacting schedule.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="xJAreW">
|
||||
Hardin County, where the Hansens were raised, was the perfect place to take advantage of the CAFO-powered hog boom. While nearly <a href="https://www.desmoinesregister.com/story/money/agriculture/2018/06/28/iowa-state-isu-farmland-farm-facts-ownership-tenure-survey-owners-debt-land-rent-family-income/742159002/">90 percent</a> of Iowa’s land area is devoted to agriculture, its north-central region, <a href="https://www.iihr.uiowa.edu/igs/des-moines-lobe/">smoothed</a> by glaciers, has the flattest, richest cropland, which meant that it could receive copious amounts of manure and produce huge quantities of cheap feed. The region also has abundant groundwater (hogs are <a href="https://projects.ncsu.edu/project/swine_extension/healthyhogs/book1995/almond.htm">thirsty</a>). “At that point, there were two things I knew for sure,” Hansen told National Hog Farmer<em> </em>in 2013. “Iowa was best suited to build an integrated pork production system and, second, I knew I could figure out how to do it.”
|
||||
</p>
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="WWOpvB">
|
||||
After steadily expanding his CAFO-building business, Hansen decided, in 1992, that he could also make money with his own hogs. He incorporated a new company, Iowa Select Farms, signed a contract with a meatpacker, and started with a herd of 10,000 sows. In its first four years, Iowa Select more than quintupled its herd to <a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/1lmN5aWbSxRpkO9cEJrFRgWyC7oHGFUvs/view?usp=sharing">62,000</a>, enough to crack the top 10 largest pork producers in the country. By 1999, Iowa Select, with <a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/1G_EIrC4qt8h6JiNj1fDSfsKLiDwt83gJ/view?usp=sharing">96,000 sows</a>, was selling <a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/1_dCKWklpeUorkUFxU_ACbTN6fy6_QeyI/view?usp=sharing">1.7 million</a> pigs in a year.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="t2OFL7">
|
||||
Today, two-thirds of Iowa hogs are grown <a href="https://www.nass.usda.gov/Publications/AgCensus/2017/Full_Report/Volume_1,_Chapter_1_State_Level/Iowa/st19_1_0020_0023.pdf">on contract</a> with big meatpackers. Iowa Select Farms is now the <a href="https://www.agriculture.com/livestock/pork-powerhouses/pork-powerhouses-2020-backing-up">fourth-largest hog producer</a> in the country, and owns about 15 percent of the pork production in Iowa. Its sow herd is <a href="https://www.agriculture.com/system/files/Pork%20Powerhouses%202020%20list-web.pdf">242,500</a>, and growing.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<hr class="p-entry-hr" id="OcEETv"/>
|
||||
<p class="p--has-dropcap" data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="yB2pZp">
|
||||
As confinement buildings and their manure ponds spread rapidly across the Iowa countryside through the late 1990s, a passionate rural backlash emerged, sparking a prolonged battle over the future of farming in Iowa. Protesters packed gymnasiums and crowded hallways in the statehouse. Coalitions held rallies — <a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/1OkJ28BDoir7F2UsnyY3dTPIseDjM3Sdq/view?usp=sharing">one drew 1,000 supporters</a> to a town of 2,700 — and lobbied legislators to enact a state moratorium on new confinement construction, or at least give counties the option to deny the necessary building permits.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<figure class="e-image">
|
||||
<img alt=" " src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/esY-1w_LQINzM02MWeb-xxgrJwQ=/800x0/filters:no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22406544/KathrynGamble_7213_desaturated.jpg"/>
|
||||
<figcaption>
|
||||
Hogs raised in hoop barns outside of Iowa Falls. An alternative to CAFOs, the barns are said to keep animals healthier and the environment cleaner.
|
||||
</figcaption>
|
||||
</figure>
|
||||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="TjurRl">
|
||||
Pushback came from all directions. Right-wing commentator Pat Buchanan even made his opposition to confinements a key part of his 1996 presidential campaign in Iowa. “Farmers talk about it everywhere I go,” he <a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/1dePUWMfoVSoLZXX7YXbOX2W6JNhOfcKN/view">told the Los Angeles Times</a><em> </em>after the Iowa caucuses. “Whenever I bring it up, the audience explodes.” According to the New York Times, Buchanan’s surprising <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/1996/02/13/us/politics-the-overview-dole-tops-the-field-in-iowa-caucuses.html">close-second finish</a> in the Republican Iowa caucuses— to Kansas Sen. Bob Dole — elevated him from protest candidate to legitimate contender.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="k8vNAM">
|
||||
Iowa Select and industry leaders knew these movements could defeat them. Confinements were already being regulated and prevented from expanding in North Carolina, and while Iowa’s cheap corn was attractive, its lax regulatory standards were — and remain — the hog barons’ sine qua non. While most big corporate CAFO networks operated in multiple states, Hansen staked his entire operation in Iowa, but you’d be hard-pressed to say that he was welcomed. The fierce debate over confinements made the front page of the Des Moines Register <a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/1fnFpAlTv2ZOx_TCyTZL3_E0ZYePX_X3C/view?usp=sharing">year</a> after <a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/1wdMmMbct88l2GNwOvUxbcIq1RGdyp42J/view?usp=sharing">year</a> in the mid-’90s. National newspapers <a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/1aC3H4NOtyTNBABKMf4-elZ0nS-sqqisJ/view?usp=sharing">frequently</a> <a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/1M1dRIfRiMJQQNtx4tcjjkZe4tkrEYQrz/view?usp=sharing">covered</a> <a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/18alv4X9_CekGEkm_BgFlynvTHcq60udB/view?usp=sharing">the</a> <a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/1dePUWMfoVSoLZXX7YXbOX2W6JNhOfcKN/view?usp=sharing">story</a>. Even Hansen’s home county <a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/1Irk6DlAZNAWDPncgL7fO2nW-wILp5ScS/view?usp=sharing">proposed a moratorium</a> on new confinements.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="TO1yuI">
|
||||
Scientists also began to document negative health effects among people who lived near confinements. One <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30228132/">study</a> of North Carolina residents who lived within a few miles of clustered confinements found that they had lower life expectancy and higher rates of infant deaths, asthma, kidney disease, tuberculosis, and blood poisoning than those who lived further away. Dangerous levels of <a href="https://www.cdc.gov/nceh/ehs/docs/understanding_cafos_nalboh.pdf">ammonia</a>, which causes burning in the eyes and respiratory tract as well as chronic lung disease, have been measured near massive hog sites in Iowa <a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/1NrZFaAn_m0w2GlygaAcmhRkxRYPqi7PN/view?usp=sharing">since the early 2000s</a>.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="yA6oKU">
|
||||
Communities near hog operations also report higher rates of headaches, sore throats, runny noses, coughs, and diarrhea than comparable areas without hog confinements. A 2012 <a href="https://www.hindawi.com/journals/jeph/2012/565690/">study</a> found higher rates of neurobehavioral and pulmonary impairment in people living within 1.9 miles of a massive hog facility and manure lagoon in Ohio than in a control group in Tennessee.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="s61DUL">
|
||||
In Iowa, confinements are often as close as a quarter-mile from homes, schools, and businesses. As of 2017, the EPA still <a href="https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2017-09/documents/_epaoig_20170919-17-p-0396.pdf">hadn’t acted</a> even to estimate air emissions from confinements in order to regulate them under the Clean Air Act — even after instances of workers <a href="https://www.desmoinesregister.com/story/money/agriculture/2015/07/28/iowa-father-son-die-manure-pit-fumes/30809037/">falling into manure pits</a> and dying from the fumes. Confinement applications sometimes promise to plant <a href="https://www.messengernews.net/news/local-business/2018/06/dust-busters-trees-technology-help-iowa-select-farms-control-odors/">tree barriers</a> to reduce air pollution, but the trees take several years to mature enough to be effective. That is, if they are planted in the right place, or planted at all.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="pqgvbK">
|
||||
In interviews with Vox and in years of news coverage, Iowans living in confinement-dense areas have complained about the air quality being too poor for their kids to play outside; the clouds of flies attracted to the giant manure pits and lagoons; the exploding population of rats, drawn by the vast stocks of animal feed, that infest homes; and the vultures that snatch discarded carcasses from CAFO dumpsters, then drop pig parts in backyards.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<figure class="e-image">
|
||||
<img alt=" " src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/2aNYAOMMrw2CqvvqfdD4XHQrSFM=/800x0/filters:no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22406326/KathrynGamble_7291_desaturated.jpg"/>
|
||||
<figcaption>
|
||||
Hog farming has transformed Iowa in the past 30 years, and now pigs outnumber residents 7 to 1. Neighbors complain about flies, rats, and vultures that circle carcasses like these, discarded along a major highway.
|
||||
</figcaption>
|
||||
</figure>
|
||||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="nj4rlm">
|
||||
Despite the popular resistance to CAFOs, legislators faced pressure from business leaders to invite in even more of them. In the summer of 1993, a <a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/1_DaVzHcIEHzVuFcjZXyTixfeGiF2LfKk/view?usp=sharing">report called “Project 21”</a> was presented to the Des Moines business leaders who had commissioned it. The 111-page paper, authored by a Virginia-based consulting firm, chided Iowa’s politicians and business leaders for “complacency” with the state’s relative economic health and low unemployment. Iowa needed to do more to distinguish itself, the report said, and boost growth. And to do that, the family farm needed to die. “Although it is politically popular to defend and protect the concept of family farms,” read the report, “legislation limiting corporate investment is economic folly.”
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="9EaBom">
|
||||
The sentiment touched a nerve. “We’re really tired of this type of nonsense,” a leading organizer for a group called Prairiefire told the Des Moines Register<em> </em>in response to the plan. “And if they want a fight in the Legislature, we’ll show them a fight they’d never imagined.”
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="G41KQ3">
|
||||
Forced to address the heated controversy, confinement operations marshaled their political power to fend off regulation. In 1994, the newly formed Iowa Pork Alliance <a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/18alv4X9_CekGEkm_BgFlynvTHcq60udB/view?usp=sharing">enlisted Robert Ray</a>, a beloved Republican former governor, to remind Iowans of hogs’ economic importance in statewide TV ads. (The state’s governor at the time, Republican Terry Branstad, also appeared in an Iowa Select TV promo that year.) Iowa Select <a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/1p7khjQiTmbupJvPkIZ9kYkJFKEAZcQcg/view?usp=sharing">emphasized</a> <a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/1h-50utPS9X6lIZvpI6hg5UulibjGr9gw/view?usp=sharing">repeatedly</a> in the press that any efforts to stifle the growth of hog confinements would send production and jobs out of state. Iowa Select staff and employees donated $41,000 to Branstad’s campaign that year and hired his former chief of staff, Doug Gross, as a lobbyist.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="SlyWgT">
|
||||
The relationship seemingly paid off: In 1995, Branstad signed a law that would prove to be pivotal for Hansen, restructuring local democracy to clear the way for his industry’s development.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="nUKsxO">
|
||||
The law, <a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/19LXksFna6AKUs4s9ublAWHZRtNvctZuj/view?usp=sharing">known as H.F. 519</a>, offered token protections to neighbors of confinements: New buildings had to be sited at least a quarter-mile from residences, and owners had to write plans — approved by the state — for disposing of their manure. But it also handed CAFO operators a huge victory by stripping county Boards of Supervisors of their long-standing authority to deny construction permits to confinement operators. Jeff Hansen described the law as a “fair compromise” and judged it sufficient to keep his business in the state. “We’re going to keep growing in Iowa,” he told the Des Moines Register.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="VGawRv">
|
||||
The issue became a prominent topic in the 2002 governor’s race between Republican Doug Gross and Democrat Tom Vilsack. While campaigning, Vilsack — who would later serve as agriculture secretary for Presidents Obama and then Biden — derided Gross as a “champion of corporate hog lots.” But as a state senator, in 1995, Vilsack had voted for H.F. 519. His second term, from <a href="https://www.thegazette.com/subject/news/business/large-scale-pork-production-may-push-farther-into-eastern-iowa-20180506">2002 through 2006</a>, witnessed the largest confinement-building boom in Iowa’s history.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<hr class="p-entry-hr" id="qPtt2f"/>
|
||||
<p class="p--has-dropcap" data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="4HfkjS">
|
||||
When Julie Duhn joined the fight against CAFOs in 2016, activists and politicians had been campaigning — unsuccessfully — for more than twenty years. She got involved after retiring from her office job and experimenting with a new sport: kayaking. Duhn lived in Eldora, home to Pine Lake State Park, a collection of campgrounds and trails ringing two small lakes that trickle into the Iowa River, a popular tubing destination.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="JqmLbm">
|
||||
Duhn, 70, remembers her first kayak outing mostly for its aftermath. It was a hot afternoon in mid-August, and when she got home from paddling her arms began to itch. They grew red and raw. After three weeks, she consulted a doctor who, after learning she’d had contact with the lake, blamed the rash on the water.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="uidT6I">
|
||||
The state Department of Natural Resources had considered the lake unsafe for human contact since 2012: A sign on the beach discourages visitors from wading in. The <a href="https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2015-03/documents/ia-upper-pine-lake-tmdl.pdf">problem</a> is an overgrowth of algae, which feed on the phosphorus that continually flows into the lake from farm fields spread with fertilizer and manure. A state report concluded that the waste produced by 10,000 hogs in the lake’s watershed was a clear contributor.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<div class="c-wide-block">
|
||||
<div class="c-image-grid">
|
||||
<div class="c-image-grid__item">
|
||||
<figure class="e-image">
|
||||
<img alt=" " src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/cbBnS8cCk5W-kjwsn40BBpZoj08=/800x0/filters:no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22406306/KathrynGamble_9901_desaturated.jpg"/>
|
||||
<figcaption>
|
||||
One recent summer, Julie Duhn tried taking up kayaking at Pine Lake State Park in Eldora, Iowa. But soon, an itchy rash appeared on her arms.
|
||||
</figcaption>
|
||||
</figure>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<div class="c-image-grid__item">
|
||||
<figure class="e-image">
|
||||
<img alt=" " src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/CPYjz9tD6laQs84g3HQNPj9Z6OE=/800x0/filters:no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22406307/KathrynGamble_0029_desaturated.jpg"/>
|
||||
<figcaption>
|
||||
The eponymous lake at Pine Lake State Park had been on a state “impaired waters” list, marked as unsafe for human contact because of fertilizer and manure runoff.
|
||||
</figcaption>
|
||||
</figure>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<figure class="e-image">
|
||||
<img alt=" " src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/BQwCIYbGTzjmS16XNY1fg6u5u2o=/800x0/filters:no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22406311/Kathryn_Gamble_7687_desaturated.jpg"/>
|
||||
<figcaption>
|
||||
A stream near an Iowa Select CAFO complex in Rockwell City.
|
||||
</figcaption>
|
||||
</figure></div></li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
|
||||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="SH5VXU">
|
||||
Iowa’s Department of Natural Resources rubber-stamps permits for medium and large CAFOs and levies paltry fines for manure spills, but the department is so <a href="https://www.desmoinesregister.com/story/news/2018/01/19/budget-cuts-threaten-iowa-dnr-mission-lawmakers-told/1040946001/">critically underfunded</a> that rigorous enforcement of management plans is all but impossible. Implementation of state-sanctioned “best management practices” to reduce manure runoff is voluntary, and such efforts have not stopped the problem from worsening: 61 percent of Iowa’s rivers and streams and 67 percent of its lakes and reservoirs do not meet basic water quality standards, according to the latest <a href="https://programs.iowadnr.gov/adbnet/Assessments/Summary/2020">assessment</a> by the Iowa DNR.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="jMDk4x">
|
||||
Manure spills are semiregular occurrences. Iowa Citizens for Community Improvement, an organization opposed to confinements, estimates that there have been at least <a href="https://www.desmoinesregister.com/story/money/agriculture/2017/10/26/iowas-largest-pork-producer-adding-90-000-hogs-amid-calls-moratorium/800820001/">150 manure or ammonia leaks</a> from Iowa Select operations since its founding — each of which resulted in only a small fine.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Ijt1XS">
|
||||
Bob Havens, now in his 70s, learned to swim in Pine Lake and built his house there 20 years ago. Now, he says, in the summertime, “the lake turns into this slimy green sludge. You [can’t] even canoe through it, let alone fish,” and billows of foam course through local culverts. Both are signs of a dangerous nutrient imbalance.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="yaDCMv">
|
||||
Havens sees the pollution as a matter of equity. “A lot of folks in Hardin County can’t afford a three-week vacation in the Bahamas,” he says, but they used to have Pine Lake for excellent swimming, fishing, and boating. Now, he says ruefully, “they just can’t do it.”
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="n8XNL9">
|
||||
That’s what frustrated Duhn. It hurt her to know she’d never take her grandkids swimming at Pine Lake. After her rash cleared up — it took a month of topical treatments — Duhn started going to meetings of the county board of supervisors and organizing people to oppose permits for proposed hog buildings. She thinks they managed to stop one: After a zealous campaign last year over a particular confinement, Iowa Select <a href="http://eldoranewspapers.com/?q=content/confinement-permit-dropped">withdrew</a> its application without saying why.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<figure class="e-image">
|
||||
<img alt=" " src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/8koDH9ZkvSI_OetqmVPzuSg1ogc=/800x0/filters:no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22406314/KathrynGamble_9971_desaturated.jpg"/>
|
||||
<figcaption>
|
||||
“People don’t want to recognize that factory farming affects the water,” says Duhn, who helped organize some opponents of the CAFOs but has found that many want no part of the fight.
|
||||
</figcaption>
|
||||
</figure>
|
||||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="LvynWY">
|
||||
But in a town where hog farming underpins much of the economy, many keep their opinions to themselves. “People don’t want to recognize that factory farming affects the water,” Duhn says. “Because then life gets complicated.”
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<hr class="p-entry-hr" id="pqBmEC"/>
|
||||
<p class="p--has-dropcap" data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="PW8lVC">
|
||||
It’s no secret that rural American economies have <a href="https://www.pbs.org/newshour/nation/six-charts-illustrate-divide-rural-urban-america">struggled for decades</a> with high poverty rates and anemic job growth. But have CAFOs been a good deal for their host counties? Ask Iowa Select and the company will <a href="https://www.iowaselect.com/webres/File/Homegrown%20Iowa/Iowa's%20Hometown%20Hero%E2%80%94How%20Pork%20Production%20Boosts%20Our%20Rural%20Economy.pdf">likely point</a> to a 2017<a href="https://www.iowaselect.com/webres/File/Homegrown%20Iowa/Dermot%20Hayes%20ISU%20Economic%20Impact%20Report_Iowa%20Select%20Farms%202019.pdf"> study</a> it commissioned from Dermot Hayes, an Iowa State University economist with a <a href="https://t.co/W3V6DykXrs?amp=1">long</a> <a href="https://www.summitag.com/teams">record</a> of supporting agribusiness. In the report, Hayes credits the company with “reversing economic decline” in rural communities where it builds giant sow barns.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="mHckkf">
|
||||
Dave Swenson, an economist who studies regional development at Iowa State University, says he believes that for all the jobs Iowa Select provides, the overall economy has continued to degrade.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="d0AUdA">
|
||||
“There’s no evidence that [confinements] have slowed population drain in my opinion. They’re actually one of the key mechanisms for driving people out of rural areas, despite the claims to the contrary.”
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="yMWOdI">
|
||||
According to Mark Buschkamp, director of the Iowa Falls Area Development Corporation, Iowa Select is the largest employer in the area — along with the Jeff Hansen Family Hospital (yes, that Jeff Hansen). But as Duhn puts it, “Is a job with Iowa Select what you want for your kids?”
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<figure class="e-image">
|
||||
<img alt=" " src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/EbYYbOXzlVA1244fQEPGPdtOfHY=/800x0/filters:no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22406333/KathrynGamble_7056_desaturated.jpg"/>
|
||||
<figcaption>
|
||||
Iowa Select is the area’s largest employer — along with the Hansen Family Hospital.
|
||||
</figcaption>
|
||||
</figure>
|
||||
<figure class="e-image">
|
||||
<img alt=" " src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/U9a7Z_vCrRpO58aqa8OU0jvdmN4=/800x0/filters:no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22406331/KathrynGamble_0041_desaturated.jpg"/>
|
||||
<figcaption>
|
||||
A billboard for Iowa Select Farms sits across the street from the Hansen Family Hospital in Iowa Falls.
|
||||
</figcaption>
|
||||
</figure>
|
||||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="BjcGwk">
|
||||
The jobs are <a href="https://workforcenow.adp.com/mascsr/default/mdf/recruitment/recruitment.html?cid=6ba6e9a6-404d-4081-9a4a-87d9fdb8d5d1&ccId=75793490_988&type=MP&lang=en_US">tough</a>: Employees at sow farms monitor food, water, and ventilation; castrate, euthanize, artificially inseminate, and perform pregnancy checks on the animals; remove the dead; power-wash facilities; and wean litters. One former Iowa Select driver <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2019/mar/09/american-food-giants-swallow-the-family-farms-iowa">told the Guardian</a> in 2019 that he earned $23,000 a year for 12-hour days with no overtime pay.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="jFjGIu">
|
||||
It’s easy to see why communities across the state revolted — and many <a href="https://www.desmoinesregister.com/story/money/agriculture/2018/03/08/iowa-can-support-47-500-cafos-but-should/371440002/">continue</a> to revolt — against this particular type of economic development. A <a href="https://clf.jhsph.edu/projects/food-citizen/cafo-moratorium-poll-results-2019">recent poll </a>found that nearly two-thirds of respondents favor a moratorium on new corporate hog facilities.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<hr class="p-entry-hr" id="q8kC2V"/>
|
||||
<p class="p--has-dropcap" data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="LvV8HM">
|
||||
In January 2018, Thomas Burkhead learned that Iowa Select had applied for a permit to build its largest-ever sow complex a mile from his family’s farm near Rockwell City, in Calhoun County. He launched into action.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="ZC2wRP">
|
||||
The proposal was for a veritable hog mothership, a three-shed breeding complex covering an area larger than four football fields and housing 7,498 pigs — 5,200 of them gestating sows. Manure pits would underlie each shed; combined, they’d hold enough waste to fill three Olympic-size swimming pools.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<figure class="e-image">
|
||||
<img alt=" " src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/zRwNNAA1z08Hh8N7ZZZaKASuUXw=/800x0/filters:no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22406329/KathrynGamble_0059_desaturated.jpg"/>
|
||||
<figcaption>
|
||||
Despite residents’ complaints, Iowa Select and the Hansens have won friends in high places in the state, through political investments and their growing power as the state’s largest hog farmers.
|
||||
</figcaption>
|
||||
</figure>
|
||||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="NmUAv9">
|
||||
Once weaned, the offspring of those sows would need to be fattened, and that meant even more confinements would soon need to be built. Calhoun County already had more than 150 facilities housing north of 300,000 pigs, and residents say the smell of their manure was already making the area unlivable. “There are a lot of days where I don’t go outside, because it stinks enough to make you vomit,” Burkhead says. “I mean, it will knock you on your knees.”
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="cu4eKM">
|
||||
Burkhead rallied neighbors and community groups, among them Food and Water Watch and Iowa Citizens for Community Improvement, to fend off the sow-barn proposal. But he figured they had almost no chance.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="c3QDwg">
|
||||
But the opponents persisted, eventually finding a mistake in Iowa Select’s application. The group rallied people to a special supervisor’s meeting and convinced the board to decline to recommend the proposal to the Department of Natural Resources. The DNR then kicked the proposal to the Environmental Protection Commission, an oversight board, which waved the company’s application through. Both the commission and the DNR leadership are appointed by the governor.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="EtHvef">
|
||||
In Iowa, counties have virtually no policy avenue for blocking confinements that meet the state’s requirements. Activists have resorted to leaning on a public scandal to shame companies into withdrawal. They create Facebook pages, write op-eds and letters to local officials and newspapers, crowd hearings held by county supervisors, and testify for hours — <a href="https://www.desmoinesregister.com/story/opinion/editorials/2017/10/19/pork-iowa-neighbors-ban-hog-confinements-cafo-livestock/781504001/">anything</a> to chip away at CAFO operators’ standing with local leadership.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="ootIKd">
|
||||
Every year since 2018, Iowa politicians, cheered on by activists, have introduced a bill in the Iowa legislature to stop CAFO expansions, and they’ve convinced Sen. Cory Booker (D-NJ) to introduce a bill that includes a long-term phaseout of large CAFOs nationwide. But neither has the support to reach the floor.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="4imQhW">
|
||||
Coming up on its 30th anniversary, Iowa Select is still expanding, along with the <a href="https://www.thegazette.com/subject/news/business/large-scale-pork-production-may-push-farther-into-eastern-iowa-20180506">rest</a> of the hog <a href="https://www.stormlake.com/articles/more-hogs-coming-to-northwest-iowa/">industry</a> in Iowa. The state is now home to <a href="https://wcfcourier.com/news/local/govt-and-politics/demands-for-cafo-regulation-increasing/article_57d53625-ff6b-5c94-ae82-be3b990c1081.html#:~:text=The%20Department%20of%20Natural%20Resources,the%20number%20continues%20to%20grow.">at least</a> 13,000 confinements, and applications hit the DNR office at a steady clip.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<hr class="p-entry-hr" id="GfUED7"/>
|
||||
<p class="p--has-dropcap" data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="cR8iBh">
|
||||
The 2016 spring gala for the <a href="https://www.iowaselect.com/foundation/">Deb and Jeff Hansen Foundation</a> was a <a href="https://ryanmorrisonphoto.pass.us/springgala2016/">glittering event</a>, packed with smiling faces and powerful personalities. Iowa’s then-governor, Terry Branstad, was in attendance, as was the current president of Iowa State University. The university, following a $2 million Hansen family donation, had dedicated the <a href="https://www.cals.iastate.edu/news/releases/dedication-held-isus-jeff-and-deb-hansen-agriculture-student-learning-center">Jeff and Deb Hansen Agriculture Student Learning Center</a> less than two years earlier.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="XGIVKS">
|
||||
This guest list was <a href="https://www.iowaselect.com/webres/File/foundation/Doing-The-Right-Thing-May2015.pdf">typical</a> for the charity’s annual fundraiser. For the 2019 gala, Republican Iowa Gov. Kim <a href="https://apnews.com/article/des-moines-iowa-city-coronavirus-pandemic-campaigns-kim-reynolds-1cf07b143b8f528d68dbaf9a8ec4ec19">Reynolds contributed</a> to the auction an afternoon’s tour of the capitol and governor’s mansion, led by Reynolds herself. Iowa Select <a href="https://apnews.com/article/des-moines-iowa-city-coronavirus-pandemic-campaigns-kim-reynolds-1cf07b143b8f528d68dbaf9a8ec4ec19">requested her presence</a> at the gala the day after Reynolds won her election — likely aided by the Hansens’ six-figure campaign contribution.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="YN1sZo">
|
||||
The Hansen Foundation has a long and well-publicized history of charitable giving. It donates thousands of pork chops to food banks, gives vouchers for ham to dozens of schools, and organizes “<a href="https://www.iowaselect.com/foundation/operation-christmas-meal/">Operation Christmas Meal</a>,” a series of drive-through pork handouts. In 2018, it gave away about<a href="https://projects.propublica.org/nonprofits/display_990/204366833/06_2019_prefixes_16-22%2F204366833_201812_990_2019062116434698"> $600,000</a> per year, accompanied by streams of photos uploaded to Facebook of smiling employees, occasionally joined by a <a href="https://www.facebook.com/iowaselect/photos/3791301440894775">governor</a> or <a href="https://www.facebook.com/watch/?v=999713637118626">US senator</a>.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="4wdbG6">
|
||||
In December, Reynolds, who is up for reelection in 2022, spent a frigid day <a href="https://www.facebook.com/iowaselect/photos/3791301354228117">handing out</a> Iowa Select pork packages at an Operation Christmas Meal drive-through event in Osceola, Iowa. But the Hansens weren’t there to help. Their jet had landed a few days earlier in sunny Naples, Florida.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<figure class="e-image">
|
||||
<img alt=" " src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/coshW_dkjZl8yP1yGFOIfU3fMpI=/800x0/filters:no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22406652/KathrynGamble_7312_desaturated.jpg"/>
|
||||
<figcaption>
|
||||
Hog CAFOs along highway D-41 near Iowa Falls. The Hansens no longer live near the CAFOs that have made them wealthy.
|
||||
</figcaption>
|
||||
</figure>
|
||||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="C9GIBk">
|
||||
<a href="http://charliemitchell.org/"><em>Charlie Mitchell</em></a><em> is a journalist living in Chicago. His work has appeared on The New Republic, The Baffler and elsewhere. </em><a href="http://twitter.com/@AustinFrerick"><em>Austin Frerick</em></a><em> is an agriculture and antitrust expert at Yale.</em>
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="X1hh3M">
|
||||
<a href="https://kathryngamble.com/"><em>Kathryn Gamble</em></a> <em>is an independent photographer in Des Moines, Iowa. </em>
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div id="dmDKaF">
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<ul>
|
||||
<li><strong>The next big voting rights fight is in Texas</strong> -
|
||||
<figure>
|
||||
<img alt="" src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/8UJBS26FcO1ixuaBwjX3E6LlkpA=/197x0:2864x2000/1310x983/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_image/image/69148600/GettyImages_1229640831.0.jpg"/>
|
||||
<figcaption>
|
||||
An early voting poll location for the 2020 presidential elections in Houston. | Callaghan O’Hare/Bloomberg/Getty Images
|
||||
</figcaption>
|
||||
</figure>
|
||||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
|
||||
Texas is already one of the most restrictive states in the country. Republicans want new rules that would make things worse.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="5nHgkr">
|
||||
Texas has, <a href="https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/pdf/10.1089/elj.2020.0666">by one measure</a>, the harshest voting rules of any state in the country. Now the Republican-controlled state government is working to make voting even harder — pushing legislation, similar to <a href="https://www.vox.com/22352112/georgia-voting-sb-202-explained">Georgia’s SB 202</a>, that appears designed to suppress votes in Democratic-leaning areas of the increasingly purple state.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="eUp8kL">
|
||||
One of the two big bills, SB 7, has already passed the Texas Senate. The other, HB 6, has been approved for a floor vote by the House Elections Committee. Together, these two bills contain a series of provisions that seem likely to suppress voter turnout.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="MVXCBM">
|
||||
The Senate bill imposes new rules limiting precinct placement that only apply to large urban counties. It punishes county registrars who don’t sufficiently purge the voter rolls, threatening a repeat of a 2019 fiasco in Texas in which nearly 100,000 recently naturalized citizens were pushed off the rolls. And it prohibits practices pioneered in Democratic-leaning counties designed to improve ballot access during the pandemic, like 24-hour voting.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="XHGJzr">
|
||||
The House bill, meanwhile, makes it nearly impossible to kick partisan poll watchers, who have historically been used to intimidate Black voters, out of precincts.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="osIcKU">
|
||||
“SB 7 looks at what made it easier for people to vote in 2020, particularly communities of color — and then with a laser focus goes and removes those [rules],” says Thomas Buser-Clancy, a staff attorney at the Texas ACLU.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<figure class="e-image">
|
||||
<img alt=" " src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/7yyzWo7fN3u39y5pBei7No_Dm-w=/800x0/filters:no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22449900/AP_20308493924057.jpg"/> <cite>LM Otero/AP</cite>
|
||||
<figcaption>
|
||||
Voters line up outside Vickery Baptist Church in Dallas on Election Day in 2020.
|
||||
</figcaption>
|
||||
</figure>
|
||||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="kkBCYI">
|
||||
Whether these bills will succeed at giving the GOP an advantage is an open question. Some provisions likely would hurt Democrats, while others might have little effect or even backfire against Republicans. But the anti-democratic intent of the Texas bills is clear: They are at once an attempt to codify Trump’s “Big Lie” about a stolen election — a conspiracy theory <a href="https://www.dallasnews.com/news/politics/2020/12/14/texas-republicans-back-dubious-moves-to-overturn-election-to-score-points-with-trumps-loyal-base/">widely embraced by Texas Republicans</a> — and an effort to give the state GOP a leg up in future elections.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="eINzLs">
|
||||
In the wake of <a href="https://www.vox.com/the-goods/2021/4/5/22368566/corporate-response-georgia-sb202">the Georgia fight</a>, Texas legislators are facing a preemptive backlash — with major corporations based in the state weighing in against SB 7 and HB 6. The biggest question now is whether the pressure will be sufficient to get Texas Republicans to back off before it’s too late.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<h3 id="XPDJKu">
|
||||
The Texas bills mount assaults on ballot box access
|
||||
</h3>
|
||||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="iRas6t">
|
||||
The Senate and House bills both contain a large number of revisions affecting different aspects of state election law — some trivial, others potentially significant.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="miT8Og">
|
||||
One of the most notable, according to experts and activists, are the Senate bill’s new rules about the placement of voting precincts and the allocation of election resources, like staff and voting machines.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="ATX7gc">
|
||||
Under current law, Texas counties have significant discretion about where to set up precincts and where to put their resources. The Senate bill changes these rules, but only for counties with more than 1 million residents. There are five such counties in Texas, all of them urban Democratic strongholds: Harris County (Houston), Dallas County (Dallas), Tarrant County (Fort Worth), Bexar County (San Antonio), and Travis County (Austin).
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="OeTVdN">
|
||||
In these five counties, SB 7 would require that precincts and resources be allocated proportional to the percentage of the county’s eligible voters living in specific areas. This method has two major features that are likely to make voting in Democratic-leaning areas harder.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="HGMs0q">
|
||||
First, any measure of “eligible voters” would have trouble accounting for very recent population change — likely undercounting younger, heavily minority areas with high growth rates while overcounting older, whiter ones. Second, many Texans vote near their place of work in the city center, so allocating resources by population would underserve urban areas with lots of offices.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<div class="c-float-right c-float-hang">
|
||||
<aside id="U7x62A">
|
||||
<q>“There’s a real partisan skew as to who benefits from drying up the pool of new voters”</q>
|
||||
</aside>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="vzrAKy">
|
||||
The end result? In the big Democratic-leaning counties, precincts will be less conveniently located and more likely to have long lines. This could have an effect on outcomes: studies of elections in <a href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/41480830?seq=1">California</a> and <a href="https://cpb-us-w2.wpmucdn.com/web.sas.upenn.edu/dist/7/538/files/2019/06/Cortina-and-Rottinghaus-ESRA-2019-Paper.pdf">Texas</a> have found that cutting the number of precincts in a county leads to a measurable decrease in local voter turnout.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="srLqPR">
|
||||
“Harris County and Travis County did a good job at distributing polling places in areas there was a high number of potential voters and where there was a likelihood of higher turnout among ethnic and racial minorities,” says Brandon Rottinghaus, a political scientist at the University of Houston. If SB 7 is passed, “that’s going to change.”
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="i6Crlf">
|
||||
Another important provision of SB 7 requires county registrars to check their voter logs against state data on individuals “determined to be ineligible to vote because of citizenship status.” The registrar must remove voters on these lists from the voter registration lists; they would be personally fined $100 for each name they left on the voter rolls.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="r5v1vL">
|
||||
Voting rights activists worry that this is a backdoor effort to revive a <a href="https://www.npr.org/2019/05/28/727528998/texas-voting-chief-who-led-botched-voter-purge-resigns">2019 voter purge struck down in court</a>, an effort that tried to kick tens of thousands of recently naturalized voters off the rolls by using outdated citizenship status for them. The provision would also serve as a deterrent to people working as volunteer registrars — nobody wants to be fined hundreds of dollars for simple mistakes — which would significantly undermine the in-person voter registration drives that depend on their work.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="GPx9HM">
|
||||
“It’s kind of underrated, but might be the biggest provision of SB 7,” says Joseph Fishkin, an election law expert at the University of Texas-Austin. “There’s a real partisan skew as to who benefits from drying up the pool of new voters.”
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="dW1KMn">
|
||||
The two bills would also significantly expand the powers of poll watchers, partisan operatives who observe the voting process to protect the party’s interests.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="9hhkFC">
|
||||
SB 7 allows poll watchers to film voters while they are getting assistance from poll workers, potentially intimidating disabled voters and non-English speakers. They are nominally prohibited from distributing their footage publicly, but there’s no enforcement mechanism or punishment — so there’s nothing really stopping them from sending misleading footage to fringe-right websites and claiming they prove “fraud.”
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="gT14ob">
|
||||
HB 6 makes matters worse by making it impossible to kick poll watchers out for <em>any reason</em> other than facilitating voter fraud, even if they are disrupting the voting process in other ways. The experts I spoke to said this applies even in extreme cases: a drunk and disorderly poll watcher, for example, or a jilted spouse who starts a fight when their ex shows up to vote.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="88zYBU">
|
||||
It’s hard to say how these provisions would affect elections; poll watchers have had little impact on recent American elections. But the history of the practice gives us reasons to be skeptical about expanding their powers: watchers have <a href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2016-10-18/trump-s-vigilante-poll-watchers-violate-voting-rights">historically menaced Black voters trying to exercise their rights</a>.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="RXos42">
|
||||
And there are many other notable aspects of the two laws.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<aside id="dqIcvH">
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</aside>
|
||||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="jmMP2O">
|
||||
SB 7 extends voter ID requirements to absentee ballots, requiring voters to submit information like their driver’s license number or the last four digits of their Social Security number on their mail-in ballot application. HB 6 requires voting assistance volunteers to take an oath foreswearing telling voters which candidates to vote for “by word, sign, or gesture.” Violating this oath, even unintentionally, is a felony comparable to criminally negligent homicide.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="5epFuQ">
|
||||
From these provisions, you can get a clear sense of what SB 7 and HB 6 are all about: making it harder for voters to access the ballot box and harder for election workers to do their jobs, often in ways that seem designed to hand Republicans a partisan advantage.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<h3 id="qqt14s">
|
||||
Trump’s “Big Lie” and the war on Houston
|
||||
</h3>
|
||||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="5yVRCz">
|
||||
Ostensibly, SB 7 and HB 6 are about preventing voter fraud. “In the 2020 election, we witnessed actions throughout our state that could risk the integrity of our elections and enable voter fraud,” Gov. Greg Abbott <a href="https://gov.texas.gov/news/post/governor-abbott-holds-press-conference-on-election-integrity-legislation">said in a press conference</a>.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="inS5LS">
|
||||
This is a phantom problem. There is only <a href="https://www.houstonchronicle.com/politics/texas/article/Fact-checking-Texas-lawmaker-s-claim-of-400-16095858.php">one case of criminal fraud in the 2020 election</a> currently pending out of the 11 million ballots cast in Texas in 2020, according to data from the state attorney general’s office reported by the Houston Chronicle.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="B470Gx">
|
||||
The better way to understand the Texas bill, like its cousin in Georgia, is as a ratification of Trump’s Big Lie: a formal codification of the conspiracy theory that the 2020 election was stolen from the former president.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<figure class="e-image">
|
||||
<img alt=" " src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/CXhh_Rz77VCdl97JkrLVUlWIQeA=/800x0/filters:no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22449932/GettyImages_1229266336.jpg"/> <cite>Paul Ratje/AFP/Getty Images</cite>
|
||||
<figcaption>
|
||||
Campaign posters outside an early voting location in El Paso on October 24, 2020.
|
||||
</figcaption>
|
||||
</figure>
|
||||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="yc50fb">
|
||||
HB 6’s lead sponsor, Texas’s House Elections Committee Chair Briscoe Cain, <a href="https://www.dailydot.com/debug/lawyers-for-trump/">flew to Pennsylvania</a> after the 2020 election to assist in Trump’s efforts to overturn the results via litigation. SB 7’s author, state Sen. Bryan Hughes, argued that his bill was necessary to address a lack of public confidence in electoral results. (Neither responded to a request for comment.)
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Q8capZ">
|
||||
“This bill is designed to address areas throughout the process where bad actors can take advantage, so Texans can feel confident that their elections are fair, honest and open,” Hughes said in <a href="https://thehill.com/homenews/state-watch/545941-texas-lawmakers-advance-voting-restrictions">a Senate address</a>.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="is5bQg">
|
||||
It’s true that <a href="https://texaspolitics.utexas.edu/blog/depends-what-you-mean-%E2%80%9Cintegrity">73 percent of Texas Republicans</a>, per a February 2021 poll, believed that the national election results were inaccurate. But this is a problem entirely of the GOP’s making: if it weren’t for Trump crying foul, after years of Republicans both in Texas and nationally warning their voters of the threat of voting fraud, their rank-and-file wouldn’t be particularly concerned.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="tro6xh">
|
||||
“The latest efforts by Texas Republicans seem another manifestation of a well-established case of political <a href="https://www.uofmhealth.org/health-library/hw180537">Munchausen syndrome by proxy</a>,” the University of Texas’s <a href="https://texaspolitics.utexas.edu/blog/depends-what-you-mean-%E2%80%9Cintegrity">Jim Henson and Joshua Blank write</a>. “Having spent the better part of the last few years trumpeting unverifiable signs of a non-existent illness in the body politic, they are once again making herculean efforts to administer various cures to a symptom that they have created along the way: a lack of trust in the system.”
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="QUcuWS">
|
||||
You can see the influence of Trump’s lies in the way SB 7 targets Harris County’s pandemic voting innovations.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="hwcFL6">
|
||||
In 2020, Houston and its environs led the way in facilitating mail-in voting. Election officials instituted 24-hour early voting, proactively sent vote-by-mail applications to <a href="https://www.texastribune.org/2020/10/07/harris-county-mail-in-ballot-applications/">elderly residents</a>, and invented a <a href="https://harrisvotes.com/drivethruvoting">drive-through voting</a> method allowing citizens to cast ballots from their cars.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<figure class="e-image">
|
||||
<img alt=" " src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/Y0E2achbNrK-l2dL0AIGg-48YPc=/800x0/filters:no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22449937/GettyImages_1229054446.jpg"/> <cite>Sergio Flores/Getty Images</cite>
|
||||
<figcaption>
|
||||
A poll worker helps a voter at a mail-in ballot drop-off location in Austin, Texas on October 13, 2020.
|
||||
</figcaption>
|
||||
</figure>
|
||||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="0K3Kqp">
|
||||
SB 7 undoes these innovations. It sets a 12-hour-per-day limit on early voting, bans drive-through voting with limited exceptions, and prohibits election officials from proactively providing vote-by-mail applications to voters (HB 6 also does this).
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="SfCG6g">
|
||||
There’s no evidence that any of these Harris County initiatives facilitated fraud in any way. Surprisingly, banning them might not even be good for Republicans on pure partisan grounds: <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2020/12/20/us/politics/election-hispanics-asians-voting.html">A New York Times</a> analysis found that “in Houston’s 245 precincts with the largest share of Latinos, turnout was up sharply from 2016, and Mr. Trump won nearly two-thirds of the additional votes.”
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="ToaygO">
|
||||
It seems plausible that, if the Harris County innovations had any clear partisan effect, it was facilitating turnout from a more conservative segment of the Latino population. That’s something Republicans should obviously want, especially in a state where the rapidly rising Hispanic population is widely seen as a threat to GOP political hegemony.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="G0JSNz">
|
||||
But the Trump narrative is that the mail-in voting rules created for the pandemic facilitated fraud, especially in cities with high minority populations. This requires a crackdown on Covid-related innovations specifically — so Hughes put them in SB 7, as did <a href="https://www.brennancenter.org/our-work/research-reports/voting-laws-roundup-march-2021">dozens of Republican state legislators</a> in bills restricting early voting around the country.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<h3 id="ZOz8OL">
|
||||
Texas, democracy, and the stakes of what happens next
|
||||
</h3>
|
||||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="J4f4pF">
|
||||
Some anti-democratic state bills, like Georgia’s SB 202, have already passed into law. But Texas is at an inflection point: SB 7 and HB 6 could be still be stopped — or made even worse.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="g9CugC">
|
||||
Texas political observers expect each legislative chamber will prioritize its own bill: the House will pass HB 6 before it passes SB 7, forcing the Senate to consider the House legislation before SB 7 is enacted. Given that the two bills overlap in a number of areas, it’s unlikely that both laws will pass in their current forms. The most likely result is that a conference committee works to combine them.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<div class="c-float-right c-float-hang">
|
||||
<aside id="cnr6eo">
|
||||
<q>“The legislature has shown it has an appetite to pass extreme voter suppression bills and we don’t know their limit”</q>
|
||||
</aside>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="qPXh8d">
|
||||
That means there’s plenty of time for amendments that could substantially alter the bills’ effects. Members of the Republican legislative majority have proposed a number of dangerous standalone election bills that could be added to the final product.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Lu08l6">
|
||||
“Often these are fodder for amendments to election bills later on,” says James Slattery, a senior staff attorney at the Texas Civil Rights Project. “Remember in Georgia, the bill was two pages long — and then all of a sudden it was 90 pages.”
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="S0mJoZ">
|
||||
Two proposals, for example, are similar to <a href="https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/22368044/georgia-sb202-voter-suppression-democracy-big-lie">the most dangerous provision of Georgia’s new law</a>: a partisan takeover of local election administration.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="W0j280">
|
||||
HB 329 would allow the Texas Secretary of State to suspend funding for voter registration in specific counties “in amounts determined by the secretary of state based on the registrar’s compliance with this code and the secretary of state’s directives.” HB 1026 would go even further by turning the secretary of state into the county registrar for every county in the state, effectively giving an appointed Republican power over the registration process and voter roll maintenance.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="IVeLD0">
|
||||
“It’s hard to see these bills as anything but a blatant power-grab by Republicans who don’t want to see Democrats win any more elections,” says Charlotte Hill, a PhD candidate at the University of California-Berkeley who studies elections.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="GeeJrV">
|
||||
Other bills enlist Texas police in bizarre voter intimidation schemes. HB 895, for example, would allow poll workers to photograph “the entire face of a voter” if they have questions about their authenticity of their ID, and allows police to use the photographs in criminal investigations. HB 3080 would require voters to submit a thumbprint as part of the vote-by-mail process — which, according to Slattery, may require voters to get fingerprinted at a police station.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="TdeWRl">
|
||||
Strange as some of these proposals seem, there’s no guarantee that they won’t end up becoming law.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="ecO9kT">
|
||||
“I wouldn’t sleep on these other bills,” says Buser-Clancy, the Texas ACLU attorney. “The legislature has shown it has an appetite to pass extreme voter suppression bills and we don’t know their limit.”
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="AilHF0">
|
||||
One crucial difference between this round of Texas legislation and past ones, however, is that it’s happening directly after the national furor surrounding Georgia’s voting law. The backlash to that law ranged from top Democrats to corporate America to professional sports. Delta Air Lines, which uses Atlanta as a major air travel hub, condemned the law; Major League Baseball pulled the All-Star Game from Atlanta in protest.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="49Rr64">
|
||||
But while this mostly happened after the fact in Georgia, the criticism in Texas is coming in before the bill is passed. Two major corporations headquartered in the state, American Airlines and Dell Computing, have condemned SB 7 and and HB 6 (<a href="https://www.texastribune.org/2021/04/01/american-airlines-dell-voting-texas/">respectively</a>). A new statement from hundreds of corporations and business leaders, including Starbucks and Amazon, denounced the wave of <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2021/04/14/business/ceos-corporate-america-voting-rights.html">voter suppression bills</a> sweeping the country.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="oc3871">
|
||||
So far, Texas politicians have been defiant. Gov. Abbott, for example, refused to throw the ceremonial first pitch at the Texas Rangers’ home opener <a href="https://go.redirectingat.com?id=66960X1516588&xs=1&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.espn.com%2Fmlb%2Fstory%2F_%2Fid%2F31198398%2Ftexas-gov-greg-abbott-backs-texas-rangers-first-pitch-mlb-decision-move-asg-georgia&referrer=vox.com&sref=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vox.com%2Fpolicy-and-politics%2F2021%2F4%2F19%2F22374521%2Ftexas-voting-laws-sb7-hb6" rel="sponsored nofollow noopener" target="_blank">in protest of MLB’s stance on the Georgia bill</a>. Lt. Gov. Dan Patrick <a href="https://www.nbcdfw.com/news/politics/lone-star-politics/watch-lt-gov-dan-patrick-discusses-texas-election-ballot-security-bill/2598206/">threatened Texas corporations</a> who get involved in the voting rights battle with unspecified financial punishments: “if they think they’re going to attack the legislature on issues they have no knowledge about and come to us with their hand out, well that’s just not going to be the way we do business.”
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<figure class="e-image">
|
||||
<img alt=" " src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/2o6CZzQrFnuXT8gsljg516FoIHw=/800x0/filters:no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22449962/GettyImages_866377716.jpg"/> <cite>Jim Watson/AFP/Getty Images</cite>
|
||||
<figcaption>
|
||||
Former President Donald Trump speaks with Texas Gov. Greg Abbott (right) and Lt. Gov. Dan Patrick (left) in 2017.
|
||||
</figcaption>
|
||||
</figure>
|
||||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="BKVWk6">
|
||||
The next few weeks will show whether this is mere bluster; whether the national backlash to Georgia’s law, both from activists and big corporations, actually has the potential to change the GOP’s calculus over voting rights.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="GFF3mh">
|
||||
The Republican Party has been engaged in a long-running, <a href="https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2017/10/gerrymandering-technology-redmap-2020/543888/">at times systematic attempt</a> to change the rules in their favor. Not every tactic they’ve used in the fight has been equally effective; <a href="https://www.vox.com/videos/2019/10/17/20917852/gerrymander-hofeller-election-map">gerrymandering</a>, at both the state and national level, has a much clearer partisan effect than voter ID laws. But overall, there’s been a clear effect on electoral fairness — academic research has found <a href="https://www.vox.com/2021/4/5/22358325/study-republican-control-state-government-bad-for-democracy">a large and measurable decline</a> in the quality of democracy in GOP-controlled states between 2000 and 2018.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="bRSWcw">
|
||||
After Trump’s attempt to overturn the election, this partisan split on democracy itself became fully solidified. Democrats doubled down on their belief that the fraud is a non-problem and access to the ballot box should be expanded; Republicans became even more convinced that widespread fraud demanded more restrictions on the franchise. This makes state laws like those in Georgia and Texas seem a fait accompli: at the national level, virtually nothing has been able to derail the power of partisan polarization and group identity.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="NFYKyF">
|
||||
Texas’s state government, like Georgia’s, is dominated by Republicans; Democrats don’t have any real power to stop them.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="NNbp3W">
|
||||
But if the fight in Texas ultimately sees the corporate pressure and national attention that Georgia did, Republicans would face a potentially unprecedented level of pressure over proposed voting reforms. The bigger question is whether that pressure would work.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="AR3Ixz">
|
||||
</p></li>
|
||||
<li><strong>Welcome to the Animals Issue of The Highlight</strong> -
|
||||
<figure>
|
||||
<img alt="" src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/eBC1SE-z6xYLgpt0lKYEYET5Nek=/111x0:1890x1334/1310x983/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_image/image/69148626/Animals_Kathryn_Gamble.0.jpg"/>
|
||||
<figcaption>
|
||||
Kathryn Gamble for Vox
|
||||
</figcaption>
|
||||
</figure>
|
||||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
|
||||
How one pork baron transformed the heartland. Plus: The unfortunate tale of the “it” dog, a fringe idea to protect wild animals from suffering, and more.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="UKaAUN">
|
||||
While this pandemic year has pushed us physically further from one another, it has brought us closer to animals.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="lstJIc">
|
||||
Cat and dog shelters experienced a <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/dc-md-va/2021/01/06/animal-shelters-coronavirus-pandemic/">record jump in pet adoptions</a> as so many people found themselves working from home, suddenly cut off from social life<strong> </strong>but newly able to devote time and care to a new companion. We’re also spending more time outdoors, enjoying nature and wildlife as a reprieve from our increased screen time.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="bf8iQl">
|
||||
Covid-19 affected the meatpacking industry, too, shuttering slaughterhouses where the virus spread like wildfire, causing many farmers to <a href="https://www.vox.com/2020/5/4/21243636/meat-packing-plant-supply-chain-animals-killed">inhumanely euthanize</a> entire herds of pigs and flocks of chickens with nowhere to go, putting the grim reality of our industrial factory farming food system on full display.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="ghJ9yY">
|
||||
So it seemed a ripe time for an examination of our relationship with animals — those in our food systems, those in our homes, and even wild animals, the ones deep in forests and jungles that we may never lay eyes on. With support from Animal Charity Evaluators, an organization that researches which interventions, and which charities, are best positioned to help animals, the Animals Issue of the Highlight looks at everything from a new reason to reconsider which animals we protect to how industrial animal farming can ravage landscapes and rural economies.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="JpSkiT">
|
||||
Thirty years ago, Iowa lawmakers — under pressure from business leaders<strong> </strong>— opened the door to a new way of raising pigs, one that would turn the state into the nation’s No. 1 producer of pork and turn some of its family farmers into true hog barons, responsible for bringing millions of pigs to market each year. In this <a href="https://www.vox.com/the-highlight/22344953/iowa-select-jeff-hansen-pork-farming">month’s cover story</a>, we look at one those farmers-turned-meat-titans, Jeff Hansen, and his company, Iowa Select Farms, the state’s most prolific pork producer, as a lens on how some have used money and influence to turn the landscape into a sea of “concentrated animal feeding operations” that residents say have rendered parts of the state unlivable.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="QZwWSU">
|
||||
Pet ownership is best described as both a benevolent and mutual relationship, but our pursuit of ever-cuter and more unusual dogs could be the undoing of the very breeds we adore. Take, for example, the Frenchie, beloved by celebrities and big on the ’Gram. This year, it became the second most popular dog breed in America: Registrations for the squat, flat-faced, easily house-trained pooch have increased extraordinarily over the past decade. But few dogs are also quite as unhealthy. This month, we explore what happens when a dog becomes an aspirational item. (Hint: It’s not so great for the dog.)
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="aQgwRA">
|
||||
The animal rights movement has long been focused on helping animals exploited by humans: farm animals, animals raised for fur, animals used for testing, endangered animals threatened by poachers. Meanwhile, the environmental movement has been preoccupied with preserving the habitats of animals in order to save species. But a group of philosophers and zoologists is asking whether humans ought to try harder to protect all creatures from predators and disease — to care whether wild animals live good lives, happy and free of pain.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="TZZDTq">
|
||||
Covid-19 has made it obvious that we live in an interconnected world where one infected animal, smart or not, can turn all our lives upside down. So, are we using the right yardstick when deciding which animals are worth protecting?
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="mccGxN">
|
||||
And finally, those pets we adopted en masse during quarantine mean more food, more delivery boxes, and a shocking environmental impact. A comic looks at the carbon pawprint of our pet ownership, and what we can do about it.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<hr class="p-entry-hr" id="SMxj5E"/>
|
||||
<figure class="e-image">
|
||||
<img alt=" " src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/9H48kugkktVeLt57Dd_lXjMK8dw=/800x0/filters:no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22447496/Kathryn_Gamble_7712_desaturated.jpeg"/> <cite>Kathryn Gamble for Vox</cite>
|
||||
</figure>
|
||||
<h3 id="djXLV7">
|
||||
<a href="https://www.vox.com/the-highlight/22344953/iowa-select-jeff-hansen-pork-farming">The Hog Baron</a>
|
||||
</h3>
|
||||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="tYE6Sh">
|
||||
How Iowa’s largest hog producer courted power, turned farming into a numbers game, and transformed the American heartland.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="3RfzYW">
|
||||
By Charlie Mitchell and Austin Frerick
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<hr class="p-entry-hr" id="aIduDr"/>
|
||||
<figure class="e-image">
|
||||
<img alt=" " src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/yRNFz12Oa4w841AKbfxOzoDpoxA=/800x0/filters:no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22447475/dogs_header_2.jpeg"/> <cite>Shyama Golden for Vox</cite>
|
||||
</figure>
|
||||
<h3 id="1EOBSF">
|
||||
The very cute, totally disturbing tale of the American “it” dog<em> (coming Tuesday)</em>
|
||||
</h3>
|
||||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="KjRlZv">
|
||||
How the quest to own the tiniest, most Instagram-worthy and low-maintenance pup has bred a world of problems.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="8OG7ur">
|
||||
By Tove K. Danovich
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<hr class="p-entry-hr" id="fEoafv"/>
|
||||
<figure class="e-image">
|
||||
<img alt="An owl seen in Van, Turkey." src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/aDAJ3zdMxQPyp_q-OOa5_6pRhJg=/800x0/filters:no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22420264/GettyImages_1231075827.jpg"/> <cite>Ozkan Bilgin/Anadolu Agency/Getty Images</cite>
|
||||
</figure>
|
||||
<h3 id="hvAQxU">
|
||||
The wild frontier of animal welfare<em> (coming Wednesday)</em>
|
||||
</h3>
|
||||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="VIT3ms">
|
||||
Should humans try harder to protect creatures from predators and disease? Should we care whether they live good lives? A group of philosophers and scientists has an unorthodox answer.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="anRSvw">
|
||||
By Dylan Matthews
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<hr class="p-entry-hr" id="xZpZxU"/>
|
||||
<figure class="e-image">
|
||||
<img alt=" " src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/fgrvv6ttk4RxLyrsjoAT6YP4ZtU=/800x0/filters:no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22430966/GettyImages_112982083.jpg"/> <cite>The Washington Post/Getty Images</cite>
|
||||
</figure>
|
||||
<h3 id="R0puNz">
|
||||
Why do we care how smart animals are?<em> (coming Thursday)</em>
|
||||
</h3>
|
||||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="GnidCs">
|
||||
Intelligence plays a role in how we treat them. Maybe it shouldn’t.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="ROvHcq">
|
||||
By Sigal Samuel
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<hr class="p-entry-hr" id="0lT1sl"/>
|
||||
<figure class="e-image">
|
||||
<img alt=" " src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/vU-MFUw9SuVvtcL9km4iEMzm-RY=/800x0/filters:no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22432157/LEDE.png"/> <cite>Eleanor Cummins and Maki Naro</cite>
|
||||
</figure>
|
||||
<h3 id="1lYHXq">
|
||||
Are our pets gobbling up the planet?<em> (coming Friday)</em>
|
||||
</h3>
|
||||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="QhQqMZ">
|
||||
From meat-based meals to kitty litter to plastic poop bags, pet care is unarguably bad for the environment. What can we do about it?
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="MBnBlC">
|
||||
By Eleanor Cummins and Maki Naro
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="gkadH9">
|
||||
</p></li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-the-hindu-sports">From The Hindu: Sports</h1>
|
||||
<ul>
|
||||
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Muttiah Muralitharan discharged after undergoing angioplasty</strong> - The Sri Lankan cricket legend was admitted to hospital on Sunday for cardiac treatment</p></li>
|
||||
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>IPL 2021 | Hardik didn’t bowl due to a shoulder niggle: Mumbai Indians coach Jayawardene</strong> - The coach also praised young leg-spinner Rahul Chahar</p></li>
|
||||
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Dilhara Lokuhettige banned for eight years under ICC Anti-Corruption code</strong> - The ban for Lokuhettige, a right-arm fast-medium bowler and lower-order batsman, is backdated to April 3, 2019 when he was provisionally suspended</p></li>
|
||||
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Tottenham fires manager Jose Mourinho after 17 months</strong> - Disgruntlement over his tactics and methods have resurfaced in recent months, with Tottenham slipping out of the Champions League places and getting eliminated from the Europa League in the round of 16</p></li>
|
||||
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Super League clubs tell FIFA legal action already started</strong> - The letter was sent by the group of English, Spanish and Italian clubs to FIFA President Gianni Infantino and UEFA counterpart Aleksander Ceferin.</p></li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-the-hindu-national-news">From The Hindu: National News</h1>
|
||||
<ul>
|
||||
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>DC’s directive to pvt. hospitals</strong> - Shivamogga Deputy Commissioner K.B. Shivakumar has instructed private hospitals to reserve 50 % of total beds for COVID-19 patients referred by the di</p></li>
|
||||
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>It’s curtains down for screens amidst rising pandemic fear</strong> - The resurgent pandemic has once again cast a dark shadow over the economic revival of the Malayalam film industry.Nearly 60% of the 720 screens across</p></li>
|
||||
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Odisha bypolls | BJD not to hold public rallies, announces Naveen Patnaik</strong> - The Pipili bypoll which was scheduled to be held on April 17, was postponed following death of Congress candidate Ajit Mangaraj in COVID-19</p></li>
|
||||
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Tobacco farmers set to end honeymoon with ginger cultivation</strong> - They had suffered huge losses due to crash in ginger prices</p></li>
|
||||
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Navy seizes narcotics worth ₹3,000 crore from fishing vessel</strong> - The boat with its crew has been escorted to the nearest port, Kochi, for further investigation</p></li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-bbc-europe">From BBC: Europe</h1>
|
||||
<ul>
|
||||
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Russia expels Czech diplomats over spying row</strong> - The Czech Republic says Russia was involved in a deadly blast at a munitions factory in 2014.</p></li>
|
||||
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Russia moves ailing Putin critic Navalny to prison hospital</strong> - The prominent Putin critic has been on hunger strike for 20 days, demanding to see his own doctor.</p></li>
|
||||
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>European Super League: Premier League’s ‘big six’ agree to join new league</strong> - Arsenal, Chelsea, Liverpool, Manchester City, Manchester United and Tottenham are among 12 clubs who agree to join a new European Super League.</p></li>
|
||||
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Annalena Baerbock: Woman who could be Germany’s next chancellor</strong> - For the first time, the German Greens have announced a candidate to run in Germany’s federal vote.</p></li>
|
||||
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>France kidnapping: Girl found with mother accused of ordering abduction</strong> - The mother, accused of ordering the abduction, is found with her daughter in a squat in Switzerland.</p></li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-ars-technica">From Ars Technica</h1>
|
||||
<ul>
|
||||
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>NASA has flown a helicopter on Mars, and it went brilliantly [Updated]</strong> - This is all experimental, but <em>Ingenuity</em> pulled it off. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1757687">link</a></p></li>
|
||||
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Who will win the self-driving race? Here are eight possibilities</strong> - The state of the self-driving industry, from Argo to Zoox. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1756966">link</a></p></li>
|
||||
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>This electric fastback is the next Audi A6 e-tron, due in late 2022</strong> - It’s the first car to use the new Premium Platform Electric architecture. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1757780">link</a></p></li>
|
||||
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>The humble shrub that’s predicting a terrible fire season</strong> - Chamise is kind of a crystal ball for understanding how badly California might burn. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1757578">link</a></p></li>
|
||||
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Novel hydrogels can safely remove graffiti from vandalized street art</strong> - Italian chemists successfully tested their hydrogels on actual street art in Florence. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1757011">link</a></p></li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-jokes-subreddit">From Jokes Subreddit</h1>
|
||||
<ul>
|
||||
<li><strong>On a crowded train, travelling somewhere in Europe.</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF -->
|
||||
<div class="md">
|
||||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
|
||||
A U.S. Marine walked the entire length of the train looking for a seat before realizing that the only seat available was currently occupied by a well-dressed, middle-aged French woman’s poodle.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
|
||||
The weary Marine asked, “Ma’am, may I have that seat?” The French woman just sniffed, and said to no one in particular, “Americans are so rude. My little Fifi is using that seat.” The Marine walked the entire length of the train again, and discovered that the only seat available was in fact the one currently being occupied by the poodle. Trudging tiredly back, the marine arrived once more before the French woman and said, “Please Ma’am, may I sit down? I’m very tired?” She snorted, “Not only are you Americans rude, you are also arrogant. Why should I care if you are tired?” This time, the Marine didn’t say a word, but simply picked up the little dog, tossed it out the train window, then sat down. The woman shrieked, “Someone, defend my honour! This American needs to be put in his place!” An English gentleman sitting nearby spoke up, “Sir, you Americans seem to have a penchant for doing the wrong thing. You hold your fork in the wrong hand, and you drive your cars on the wrong side of the road. And now, sir, you seem to have thrown the wrong bitch out the window.”
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<!-- SC_ON -->
|
||||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/kingheet"> /u/kingheet </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/mtiujh/on_a_crowded_train_travelling_somewhere_in_europe/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/mtiujh/on_a_crowded_train_travelling_somewhere_in_europe/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
|
||||
<li><strong>My husband asked me if I could clear the kitchen table.</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF -->
|
||||
<div class="md">
|
||||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
|
||||
I had to get a running start but I made it
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<!-- SC_ON -->
|
||||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/StaceyJ12"> /u/StaceyJ12 </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/mtrd2y/my_husband_asked_me_if_i_could_clear_the_kitchen/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/mtrd2y/my_husband_asked_me_if_i_could_clear_the_kitchen/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
|
||||
<li><strong>This girl ran up to me at the cemetery and said “I need to pass through the cemetery but I’m scared to walk alone. Can you walk with me across?”</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF -->
|
||||
<div class="md">
|
||||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
|
||||
I said “Oh yeah of course. Don’t worry, I used to be super scared of cemeteries when I was alive too.”
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<!-- SC_ON -->
|
||||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/LordBunnyWhiskers"> /u/LordBunnyWhiskers </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/mtwyom/this_girl_ran_up_to_me_at_the_cemetery_and_said_i/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/mtwyom/this_girl_ran_up_to_me_at_the_cemetery_and_said_i/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
|
||||
<li><strong>Three friends are in a hotel room in Soviet Russia.</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF -->
|
||||
<div class="md">
|
||||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
|
||||
The first two men open a bottle of vodka, while the third is tired and goes straight to bed. He is unable to sleep however, as his increasingly drunk friends tell political jokes loudly.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
|
||||
After a while, the tired man gets frustrated and walks downstairs for a smoke. He stops in the lounge and asks the receptionist to bring tea to their room in five minutes.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
|
||||
The man walks back into the room, joins the table, leans towards a power outlet and speaks into it:
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
|
||||
“Comrade major, we want some tea to room 62 please.”
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
|
||||
His friends laugh on the joke, until there is a knock on the door. The receptionist brings a teapot. His friends fall silent and pale, horrified of what they just witnessed. The party is dead, and the man goes to sleep.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
|
||||
After a good night’s rest, the man wakes up, and notices his friends are gone. Surprised, he walks downstairs and asks the receptionist where they went.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
|
||||
The nervous receptionist whispers that KGB came and took them before dawn.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
|
||||
The man is horrified. He wonders why he was spared.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
|
||||
The receptionist responds:
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
|
||||
“Well, comrade major did quite like your tea gag.”
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<!-- SC_ON -->
|
||||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/MudakMudakov"> /u/MudakMudakov </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/mtpe01/three_friends_are_in_a_hotel_room_in_soviet_russia/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/mtpe01/three_friends_are_in_a_hotel_room_in_soviet_russia/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
|
||||
<li><strong>A woman in her 70s decided it was finally time to get married.</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF -->
|
||||
<div class="md">
|
||||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
|
||||
She put an add out in the newspaper. “Husband wanted. Must not beat me, must not walk all over me, must still be good in bed”
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
|
||||
She got many applicants but after a few weeks she didn’t find anybody suitable. She was about to give up, when she heard her doorbell ring. She opens the door to find a man with no arms or legs sitting in a wheelchair.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
|
||||
“Can I help you?” She asks.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
|
||||
The man smiles and says “Its me, your new husband!”
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
|
||||
“You must be joking…” The woman laughs.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
|
||||
“Well think about it,” he says. “I have no arms so i cannot beat you. I have no legs so i cant walk all over you.”
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
|
||||
The woman’s eyes narrow and she asks “Are you still good in bed?”
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
|
||||
The man leans back in his chair and smiles. “I rang the doorbell didn’t I?”
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<!-- SC_ON -->
|
||||
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/kingheet"> /u/kingheet </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/mtby30/a_woman_in_her_70s_decided_it_was_finally_time_to/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/mtby30/a_woman_in_her_70s_decided_it_was_finally_time_to/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
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Reference in New Issue