navan
/
Daily-Dose
mirror of https://github.com/navanchauhan/Daily-Dose.git
1
0
Fork 0
Code Issues Projects Releases Wiki Activity

Added daily report

This commit is contained in:
Navan Chauhan 2021-06-03 13:34:57 +00:00
parent 3f1d444045
commit efe93c8f8d
3 changed files with 830 additions and 2 deletions
Show Stats Download Patch File Download Diff File Expand all files Collapse all files

195
archive-covid-19/03 June, 2021.html Normal file
View File

@ -0,0 +1,195 @@
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="" xml:lang="" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head>
<meta charset="utf-8"/>
<meta content="pandoc" name="generator"/>
<meta content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0, user-scalable=yes" name="viewport"/>
<title>03 June, 2021</title>
<style type="text/css">
code{white-space: pre-wrap;}
span.smallcaps{font-variant: small-caps;}
span.underline{text-decoration: underline;}
div.column{display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; width: 50%;}
</style>
<title>Covid-19 Sentry</title><meta content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" name="viewport"/><link href="styles/simple.css" rel="stylesheet"/><link href="../styles/simple.css" rel="stylesheet"/><link href="https://unpkg.com/aos@2.3.1/dist/aos.css" rel="stylesheet"/><script src="https://unpkg.com/aos@2.3.1/dist/aos.js"></script></head>
<body>
<h1 data-aos="fade-down" id="covid-19-sentry">Covid-19 Sentry</h1>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" data-aos-anchor-placement="top-bottom" id="contents">Contents</h1>
<ul>
<li><a href="#from-preprints">From Preprints</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-clinical-trials">From Clinical Trials</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-pubmed">From PubMed</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-patent-search">From Patent Search</a></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-preprints">From Preprints</h1>
<ul>
<li><strong>Never waste a “good” crisis! Priming the economic aspect of crises fosters social capital build-up and prosociality</strong> -
<div>
Do crises make people more prosocial? And what role does communication play in promoting such attitudes and behavior? These answers matter for post-crisis economic recovery as social capital has been linked to growth. We leverage the incidence of Covid-19 –a multifaceted global crisis– and using a representative panel of US residents, surveyed in April and October 2020, we explore how a) pandemic-induced economic and health anxiety map to prosocial inclinations and behavior, and b) whether communication (and what types) can foster social capital formation. We find that individual exposure to the economic and health consequences of the pandemic had no effect on prosocial inclinations and social capital; but perceived economic vulnerability reduced trust in government and respect for authority and increased preferences for redistribution. Yet information about the aggregate economic consequences of Covid-19 fosters social capital build-up (e.g., altruism, giving, patience) and prosocial preferences. In contrast, information about the health costs of the pandemic has the opposite effect; it greatly reduces interpersonal trust. These information effects also map into policy preferences beyond the Covid-19 crisis. Our findings are consistent with cultural accounts on the determinants of Americans’ prosocial inclinations and preferences.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://osf.io/evzbn/" target="_blank">Never waste a “good” crisis! Priming the economic aspect of crises fosters social capital build-up and prosociality</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>“The Role of MSMEs in the Restitution and Development of the Indonesian Economy”</strong> -
<div>
In this Covid-19 era, many companies are required to run new business platforms, but many of these companies are not able to keep up with the growing business trends. Of course, in anticipating changes in the competitive climate in the digital era, companies can carry out transformation programs and also implement good corporate governance values to avoid the dangers and risks of failure. This research uses a case study that focuses on efforts to foster Medium, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) that contribute to improving the Indonesian economy.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://osf.io/v37tm/" target="_blank">“The Role of MSMEs in the Restitution and Development of the Indonesian Economy”</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Genomic analysis of symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 vaccine breakthrough infections from a tertiary care centre in India</strong> -
<div>
Emerging reports of SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infections entail methodical genomic surveillance for determining efficacy of vaccines. This study elaborates genomic analysis of isolates from breakthrough infections following vaccination with AZD1222/Covishield and BBV152/Covaxin.Variants of concern B.1.617.2 and B.1.1.7 responsible for cases surge in April-May 2021 in Delhi, were the predominant lineages among breakthrough infections.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://osf.io/fgd4x/" target="_blank">Genomic analysis of symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 vaccine breakthrough infections from a tertiary care centre in India</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>The bilingual home language boost through the lens of the COVID-19 pandemic</strong> -
<div>
Usage-based accounts of language acquisition suggest that bilingual language proficiency is dynamic and susceptible to changes in language use. The COVID-19 pandemic led to unprecedented modifications in the language learning environment of developing bilinguals. Drawing on this unique opportunity, we analyzed existing data of two matched groups of Mandarin-English bilingual children (ages 4 to 8 years, n = 38), one tested before (pre-COVID group) and the other during (COVID group) the pandemic. The dataset comprises responses to a language environment questionnaire, and scores on a sentence comprehension task and a sentence recall task in the bilinguals’ two languages. Questionnaire data revealed a richer Mandarin language environment for children in the COVID group compared to peers in the pre-COVID group. On both comprehension and production tasks, the two groups performed comparably in English but the COVID group showed better performance in Mandarin than the pre-COVID group. Within the pre-COVID group, English was stronger than Mandarin in both comprehension and production. Within the COVID group, the two languages were balanced in comprehension and Mandarin was stronger than English in production. Moreover, language use variables were correlated with production performance in both languages. These patterns illustrate the intimate relationships between language use and bilingual language proficiency through the lens of COVID-19 induced language environment modification.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://osf.io/zcv3m/" target="_blank">The bilingual home language boost through the lens of the COVID-19 pandemic</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Occupational inequalities in the prevalence of COVID-19: A longitudinal observational study of England, August 2020 to January 2021</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has reinforced, amplified and created new health inequalities. There is less evidence on how COVID-19 prevalence varies by measures of work and occupation which represent a key social determinant of health. The aim of the study is to evaluate how occupational inequalities in the prevalence of COVID-19 varies across England and their possible explanatory factors. Methods: We used data for 363,651 individuals (2,178,835 observations) aged 18 years and over between 1st May 2020 and 31st January 2021 from the ONS Covid Infection Survey, a representative longitudinal survey of individuals in England. We focus on two measures of work; employment status for all adults, and work sector of individuals currently working. Multi-level binomial regression models were used to estimate the likelihood of testing positive of COVID-19, adjusting for known explanatory covariates. Results: 0.9% of participants tested positive for COVID-19 over the study period. COVID-19 prevalence was higher among adults who were students or furloughed (i.e., temporarily not working). Among adults currently working, COVID-19 prevalence was highest in adults employed in the hospitality sector, with higher prevalence for individuals employed in transport, social care, retail, health care and educational sectors. Inequalities by work were not consistent over time. Conclusions: We find an unequal distribution of infections relating to COVID-19 by work and employment status. Our findings demonstrate the need for greater workplace interventions to protect employees, but also that a large proportion of SARS-CoV-2 transmission occurs outside of work. In particular, populations who experienced social and economic harms through being furloughed were also more likely to experience a double burden of increased likelihood of COVID-19.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.01.21258140v1" target="_blank">Occupational inequalities in the prevalence of COVID-19: A longitudinal observational study of England, August 2020 to January 2021</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Clinical validation of colorimetric RT-LAMP, a fast, highly sensitive and specific COVID-19 molecular diagnostic tool that is robust to detect SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
The COVID-19 pandemics unfolded due to the widespread SARS-CoV-2 transmission reinforced the urgent need for affordable molecular diagnostic alternative methods for massive testing screening. We present the clinical validation of a pH-dependent colorimetric RT-LAMP (reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification) for SARS-CoV-2 detection. The method revealed a limit of detection of 19.3 viral genomic copies/uL when using RNA extracted samples obtained from nasopharyngeal swabs collected in guanidine-containing viral transport medium. Typical RT-LAMP reactions were performed at 65 C for 30 min. When compared to RT-qPCR, up to Ct value 32, RT-LAMP presented 97% (87.4-99.4% 95% CI) sensitivity and 100% (86.2-100%) specificity for SARS-CoV-2 RNA detection targeting N gene. No cross-reactivity was detected when testing other non-SARS-CoV virus, confirming high specificity. The test is compatible with primary RNA extraction free samples. We also demonstrated that colorimetric RT-LAMP can detect SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOC) and variants of interest (VOI), such as variants occurring in Brazil named P.1, P.2, B.1.1.374 and B.1.1.371. The method meets point-of-care requirements and can be deployed in the field for high-throughput COVID-19 testing campaigns, especially in countries where COVID-19 testing efforts are far from ideal to tackle the pandemics. Although RT-qPCR is considered the gold standard for SARS-CoV-2 RNA detection, it requires expensive equipments, infrastructure and highly trained personnel. In contrast, RT-LAMP emerges as an affordable, inexpensive and simple alternative for SARS-CoV-2 molecular detection that can be applied to massive COVID-19 testing campaigns and save lives.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.26.21257488v1" target="_blank">Clinical validation of colorimetric RT-LAMP, a fast, highly sensitive and specific COVID-19 molecular diagnostic tool that is robust to detect SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>The Female Predominant Persistent Immune Dysregulation of the Post COVID Syndrome: A Cohort Study</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Objective: To describe the clinical data from the first 107 patients seen in the Mayo Clinic Post COVID-19 Care Clinic (PCOCC). Patients and Methods: After IRB approval, we reviewed the charts of 107 patients seen between January 19, 2021 and April 29, 2021 in the Mayo Clinic Post COVID Care Clinic (PCOCC) in order to describe the first 107 patients treated through the Mayo Clinic PCOCC. Data was abstracted from the electronic medical record into a standardized database to facilitate analysis. Phenotypes of patients seen in the PCOCC clinic were identified by expert review of predominant symptom clusters. Results: The majority of patients seen in our clinic were female (75%, 80/107), and the median age at presentation was 47 years (interquartile range [IQR] 37, 55). All had Post Acute Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC) with six clinical phenotypes being identified: fatigue predominant (n=68), dyspnea predominant (n=23), myalgia predominant (n=6), orthostasis predominant (n=6), chest pain predominant (n=3), and headache predominant (n=1). The fatigue-predominant phenotype was more common in women (84%, p=0.006) and the dyspnea-predominant phenotype was more common in men (52%, p=0.002). IL-6 was elevated in 61% of patients (69% of women, p=0.0046) which was statistically discordant with elevation in CRP and ESR which was identified in 17% and 20% of cases respectively (p&lt;0.001). Four PASC phenotypes (fatigue-predominant, myalgia-predominant, orthostasis predominant, and headache-predominant) were associated with central sensitization (CS), and higher IL-6 levels than those phenotypes not associated with CS (p=0.013). Patients with CS phenotypes after COVID-19 infection (post COVID syndrome) were predominantly female (80%, p=0.0085). Conclusion: In our post COVID clinic, we observed several distinct clinical phenotypes. Fatigue-predominance was the most common presentation and was associated with elevated IL-6 levels and female gender. Dyspnea-predominance was more common in men and was not associated with elevated IL-6 levels. IL-6 levels were significantly elevated in patients with PASC and discordant with ESR and CRP, particularly in those with central sensitization phenotypes.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.25.21257820v1" target="_blank">The Female Predominant Persistent Immune Dysregulation of the Post COVID Syndrome: A Cohort Study</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>COVID Oximetry @home: evaluation of patient outcomes</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Background: COVID-19 has placed unprecedented demands on hospitals. A clinical service, COVID Oximetry @home (CO@h) was launched in November 2020 to support remote monitoring of COVID-19 patients in the community. Remote monitoring through CO@h aims to identify early patient deterioration and provide timely escalation for cases of silent hypoxia, while reducing the burden on secondary care. Methods: We conducted a retrospective service evaluation of COVID-19 patients onboarded to CO@h from November 2020 to March 2021 in the North Hampshire (UK) community led service (a collaboration of 15 GP practices, covering a population of 230,000 people). We have compared outcomes for patients admitted to Basingstoke &amp; North Hampshire Hospital who were CO@h patients (COVID-19 patients with monitoring of SpO2 (n=137)), with non CO@h patients (those directly admitted without being monitored by CO@h (n=633)). Odds Ratio analysis was performed to contrast the likelihood of patient outcomes resulting in 30 day mortality, ICU admission and length of stay greater than 3, 7, 14, and 28 days. Results: Hospital length of stay was reduced by an average of 6.3 days for CO@h patients (6.9 95% CI [5.6 - 8.1]) in comparison to Non-CO@h (13.2 95% CI [12.2 - 14.1]). The most significant odds ratio effect was on mortality (0.23 95%CI [0.11 - 0.49]), followed by length of stay &gt; 14 days (OR 0.23 95%CI [0.13 - 0.42]), length of stay &gt; 28 days (OR 0.23 95%CI [0.08 - 0.65]), length of stay &gt; 7 days (OR 0.35 95%CI [0.24 - 0.52]), and length of stay &gt; 3 days (OR 0.52 95%CI [0.35 - 0.78]). Mortality and length of stay outcomes were statistically significant. Only 5/137 (3.6%) where admitted to ICU compared with 52/633 (8.2%) for Non-CO@h. Conclusions: CO@h has demonstrated considerably improved patient outcomes reducing the odds of longer length hospital stays and mortality.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.29.21257899v1" target="_blank">COVID Oximetry <span class="citation" data-cites="home">@home</span>: evaluation of patient outcomes</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>COVID-19 patient accounts of illness severity, treatments and lasting symptoms</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
First-person accounts of COVID-19 illness and treatment complement and enrich data derived from electronic medical or public health records. With patient-reported data, it is uniquely possible to ascertain in-depth contextual information as well as behavioral and emotional responses to illness. The Novel Coronavirus Illness Patient Report (NCIPR) dataset includes complete survey responses from 1,592 confirmed COVID-19 patients ages 18 to 98. NCIPR survey questions address symptoms, medical complications, home and hospital treatments, lasting effects, anxiety about illness, employment impacts, quarantine behaviors, vaccine-related behaviors and effects, and illness of other family/household members. Additional questions address financial security, perceived discrimination, pandemic impacts (relationship, social, stress, sleep), health history, and coping strategies. Detailed patient reports of illness, environment, and psychosocial impact, proximal to timing of infection and considerate of demographic variation, is meaningful for understanding pandemic-related public health from the perspective of those that contracted the disease.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.26.21257743v1" target="_blank">COVID-19 patient accounts of illness severity, treatments and lasting symptoms</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>IL10RB as a key regulator of COVID-19 host susceptibility and severity</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Background Recent efforts have identified genetic loci that are associated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection rates and disease outcome severity. Translating these genetic findings into druggable genes and readily available compounds that reduce COVID-19 host susceptibility is a critical next step. Methods We integrate COVID-19 genetic susceptibility variants, multi-tissue genetically regulated gene expression (GReX) and perturbargen signatures to identify candidate genes and compounds that reverse the predicted gene expression dysregulation associated with COVID-19 susceptibility. The top candidate gene is validated by testing both its GReX and observed blood transcriptome association with COVID-19 severity, as well as by in vitro perturbation to quantify effects on viral load and molecular pathway dysregulation. We validate the in silico drug repositioning analysis by examining whether the top candidate compounds decrease COVID-19 incidence based on epidemiological evidence. Results We identify IL10RB as the top key regulator of COVID-19 host susceptibility. Predicted GReX up-regulation of IL10RB and higher IL10RB expression in COVID-19 patient blood is associated with worse COVID-19 outcomes. In vitro IL10RB overexpression is associated with increased viral load and activation of immune-related molecular pathways. Azathioprine and retinol are prioritized as candidate compounds to reduce the likelihood of testing positive for COVID-19. Conclusions We establish an integrative data-driven approach for gene target prioritization. We identify and validate IL10RB as a suitable molecular target for modulation of COVID-19 host susceptibility. Finally, we provide evidence for a few readily available medications that would warrant further investigation as drug repositioning candidates.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.31.21254851v1" target="_blank">IL10RB as a key regulator of COVID-19 host susceptibility and severity</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Efficient discovery of potently neutralizing SARS-CoV-2 antibodies using LIBRA-seq with ligand blocking</strong> -
<div>
SARS-CoV-2 therapeutic antibody discovery efforts have met with notable success but have been associated with a generally inefficient process, requiring the production and characterization of exceptionally large numbers of candidates for the identification of a small set of leads. Here, we show that incorporating antibody-ligand blocking as part of LIBRA-seq, the high-throughput sequencing platform for antibody discovery, results in efficient identification of ultra-potent neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2. LIBRA-seq with ligand blocking is a general platform for functional antibody discovery targeting the disruption of antigen-ligand interactions.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.02.446813v1" target="_blank">Efficient discovery of potently neutralizing SARS-CoV-2 antibodies using LIBRA-seq with ligand blocking</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Common cardiac medications potently inhibit ACE2 binding to the SARS-CoV-2 Spike, and block virus penetration into human lung cells</strong> -
<div>
To initiate SARS-CoV-2 infection, the Receptor Binding Domain (RBD) on the viral spike protein must first bind to the host receptor ACE2 protein on pulmonary and other ACE2-expressing cells. We hypothesized that cardiac glycoside drugs might block the binding reaction between ACE2 and the Spike (S) protein, and thus block viral penetration into target cells. To test this hypothesis we developed a biochemical assay for ACE2:Spike binding, and tested cardiac glycosides as inhibitors of binding. Here we report that ouabain, digitoxin, and digoxin are high-affinity competitive inhibitors of ACE2 binding to the Wuhan S1 and the European [E614G] S1 proteins. These drugs also inhibit ACE2 binding to the Wuhan RBD, as well as to RBD proteins containing the S.Africa [E484K], Mink [Y453F] and UK [N501Y] mutations. As hypothesized, we also found that ouabain and digitoxin blocked penetration by SARS-CoV-2 Spike-pseudotyped virus into human lung cells. These data indicate that cardiac glycosides may block viral penetration into the target cell by first inhibiting ACE2:Spike binding. Clinical concentrations of ouabain and digitoxin are relatively safe for short term use for subjects with normal hearts. It has therefore not escaped our attention that these common cardiac medications could be deployed as inexpensive repurposed drugs for anti-COVID-19 therapy.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.02.446343v1" target="_blank">Common cardiac medications potently inhibit ACE2 binding to the SARS-CoV-2 Spike, and block virus penetration into human lung cells</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>SARS-CoV-2 infection studies in lung organoids identify TSPAN8 as novel mediator</strong> -
<div>
SARS coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is causing a global pandemic with large variation in COVID-19 disease spectrum. SARS-CoV-2 infection requires host receptor ACE2 on lung epithelium, but epithelial underpinnings of variation are largely unknown. We capitalized on comprehensive organoid assays to report remarkable variation in SARS-CoV-2 infection rates of lung organoids from different subjects. Tropism is highest for TUBA- and MUC5AC-positive organoid cells, but levels of TUBA-, MUC5A-, or ACE2- positive cells do not predict infection rate. We identify surface molecule Tetraspanin 8 (TSPAN8) as novel mediator of SARS-CoV-2 infection, which is not downregulated by this specific virus. TSPAN8 levels, prior to infection, strongly correlate with infection rate and TSPAN8-blocking antibodies diminish SARS-CoV-2 infection. We propose TSPAN8 as novel functional biomarker and potential therapeutic target for COVID-19.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.01.446640v1" target="_blank">SARS-CoV-2 infection studies in lung organoids identify TSPAN8 as novel mediator</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Efficacy of ancestral receptor-binding domain, S1 and trimeric spike protein vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 variants B.1.1.7, B.1.351, and B.1.617.1</strong> -
<div>
The ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The current SARS-CoV-2 vaccines are based on spike (S) protein, S1 subunit, or receptor-binding domain (RBD) of prototype strain. Emergence of several novel SARS-CoV-2 variants has raised concern about potential immune escape. In this study, we performed an immunogenicity comparison of ancestral RBD, S1, and S ectodomain trimer (S-trimer) antigens and tested the efficacy of these prototype vaccines against the circulating variants, especially B.1.617 that has been linked to India’s current COVID-19 surge. We found that RBD and S-trimer proteins could induce significantly higher neutralizing antibody titers than S1 protein. For the three vaccines, the neutralizing titers decreased over time, but still remained high for at least five months after immunization. Importantly, the three prototype vaccines were still effective in neutralizing the variants of concern, although B.1.351 and B.1.617.1 lineages showed varying degrees of reduction in neutralization by the immune sera. The vaccines-induced sera were shown to block receptor binding and inhibit S protein-mediated membrane fusion. In addition, the immune sera did not promote antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) in vitro. Our work provides valuable information for development of SARS-CoV-2 subunit vaccines and also supports the continued use of ancestral RBD or S-based vaccines to fight the COVID-19 epidemic.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.02.446698v1" target="_blank">Efficacy of ancestral receptor-binding domain, S1 and trimeric spike protein vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 variants B.1.1.7, B.1.351, and B.1.617.1</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Naturally enhanced neutralizing breadth to SARS-CoV-2 after one year</strong> -
<div>
Over one year after its inception, the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) remains difficult to control despite the availability of several excellent vaccines. Progress in controlling the pandemic is slowed by the emergence of variants that appear to be more transmissible and more resistant to antibodies. Here we report on a cohort of 63 COVID-19-convalescent individuals assessed at 1.3, 6.2 and 12 months after infection, 41% of whom also received mRNA vaccines. In the absence of vaccination antibody reactivity to the receptor binding domain (RBD) of SARS-CoV-2, neutralizing activity and the number of RBD-specific memory B cells remain relatively stable from 6 to 12 months. Vaccination increases all components of the humoral response, and as expected, results in serum neutralizing activities against variants of concern that are comparable to or greater than neutralizing activity against the original Wuhan Hu-1 achieved by vaccination of naive individuals. The mechanism underlying these broad-based responses involves ongoing antibody somatic mutation, memory B cell clonal turnover, and development of monoclonal antibodies that are exceptionally resistant to SARS-CoV-2 RBD mutations, including those found in variants of concern. In addition, B cell clones expressing broad and potent antibodies are selectively retained in the repertoire over time and expand dramatically after vaccination. The data suggest that immunity in convalescent individuals will be very long lasting and that convalescent individuals who receive available mRNA vaccines will produce antibodies and memory B cells that should be protective against circulating SARS-CoV-2 variants.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.07.443175v2" target="_blank">Naturally enhanced neutralizing breadth to SARS-CoV-2 after one year</a>
</div></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-clinical-trials">From Clinical Trials</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Study of Allogeneic Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Treatment of COVID-19 Acute Respiratory Distress</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   Covid19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Biological: COVI-MSC;   Drug: Placebo<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Sorrento Therapeutics, Inc.<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Study to Evaluate a Single Intranasal Dose of STI-2099 (COVI-DROPS™) in Outpatient Adults With COVID-19 (US)</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   Covid19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Biological: COVI-DROPS;   Drug: Placebo<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Sorrento Therapeutics, Inc.<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Study to Evaluate a Single Intranasal Dose of STI-2099 (COVI-DROPS™) in Outpatient Adults With COVID-19 (UK)</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   Covid19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Biological: COVI-DROPS;   Drug: Placebo<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Sorrento Therapeutics, Inc.<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Low-Dose Radiation Therapy to Lungs in Moderate COVID-19 Pneumonitis: A Case-Control Pilot Study</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19 Pneumonia<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Radiation: Low dose radiotherapy<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>CRP-Apheresis for Attenuation of Pulmonary, MYocardial and/or Kidney Injury in COvid-19</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   Covid19<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Device: CRP-apheresis<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   University Hospital, Essen<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Study of Allogeneic Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells to Treat Post COVID-19 “Long Haul” Pulmonary Compromise</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   Covid19<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Biological: COVI-MSC<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Sorrento Therapeutics, Inc.<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Using Text Messages to Improve COVID-19 Vaccination Uptake</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   Covid19<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Behavioral: Text message content<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust;   Central London CCG;   Imperial College Health Partners;   Institute for Global Health Innovations;   The Behavioural Insights Team<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Prophylaxis for COVID-19: Ivermectin in Close Contacts of COVID-19 Cases (IVERNEX-TUC)</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   Covid19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Drug: Ivermectin;   Other: Placebo<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Ministry of Public Health, Argentina<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Mix and Match of the Second COVID-19 Vaccine Dose for Safety and Immunogenicity</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Biological: mRNA-1273 SARS-CoV-2 vaccine;   Biological: BNT162b2;   Biological: ChAdOx1-S [recombinant];   Other: 0, 28 day schedule;   Other: 0, 112 day schedule<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   Canadian Immunization Research Network;   Canadian Center for Vaccinology;   BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute;   Children’s Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba;   CHU de Quebec-Universite Laval;   Ottawa Hospital Research Institute;   Northern Alberta Clinical Trials + Research Centre;   Ontario Agency for Health Protection and Promotion;   University of Toronto;   Massachusetts General Hospital<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>CISCO-21 Prevent and Treat Long COVID-19.</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   Covid19<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Other: Resistance Exercise<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde;   University of Glasgow;   Chief Scientist Office of the Scottish Government<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Collecting Respiratory Sound Samples From Corona Patients to Extend the Diagnostic Capability of VOQX Electronic Stethoscope to Diagnose COVID-19 Patients</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Diagnostic Test: Electronic stethoscope<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Sanolla<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Leronlimab in Moderatelly Ill Patients With COVID-19 Pneumonia</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19 Pneumonia<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Drug: Leronlimab;   Drug: Placebo<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein;   CytoDyn, Inc.<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Leronlimab in Critically Ill Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) With Need for Mechanical Ventilation or Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19 Pneumonia<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Drug: Leronlimab;   Drug: Placebo<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein;   CytoDyn, Inc.<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Amantadine for COVID-19</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   Covid19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Drug: Amantadine;   Drug: Lactose monohydrate<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre;   University of Copenhagen<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A Proof of Concept Study for the DNA Repair Driven by the Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Critical COVID-19 Patients</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19 Pneumonia<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Biological: Mesenchymal Stem Cells Transplantation<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   SBÜ Dr. Sadi Konuk Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi;   Istinye University;   Liv Hospital (Ulus)<br/><b>Completed</b></p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-pubmed">From PubMed</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Evaluation of Dual Inhibitory Effect of Anagliptin, Ramipril, and Lisinopril on Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme and DPP-4 Activities</strong> - CONCLUSION: It seems that while most ACE inhibitors cannot affect DPP-4 activity, inhibitors of DPP-4 vary in their effect on ACE activity. The selection of DPP-4 inhibitors under different clinical situations should take into account the action of these drugs on ACE.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Identifying the molecular targets and mechanisms of xuebijing injection for the treatment of COVID-19 via network parmacology and molecular docking</strong> - Xuebijing Injection have been found to improve the clinical symptoms of COVID-19 and alleviate disease severity, but the mechanisms are currently unclear. This study aimed to investigate the potential molecular targets and mechanisms of the Xuebijing injection in treating COVID-19 via network pharmacology and molecular docking analysis. The main active ingredients and therapeutic targets of the Xuebijing injection, and the pathogenic targets of COVID-19 were screened using the TCMSP, UniProt,…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>SARS-CoV-2 infection induces the activation of tissue factor-mediated coagulation by activation of acid sphingomyelinase</strong> - SARS-CoV-2 infection is associated with the hypercoagulable state. Tissue factor (TF) is the primary cellular initiator of coagulation. Most of the TF expressed on cell surfaces remains cryptic. Sphingomyelin (SM) is responsible for maintaining TF in the encrypted state, and hydrolysis of SM by acid sphingomyelinase (ASMase) increases TF activity. ASMase was shown to play a role in virus infection biology. In the present study, we investigated the role of ASMase in SARS-CoV-2 infection-induced…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Plitidepsin has a positive therapeutic index in adult patients with COVID-19 requiring hospitalization</strong> - Plitidepsin is a marine-derived cyclic-peptide that inhibits SARS-CoV-2 replication at low nanomolar concentrations by the targeting of host protein eEF1A (eukaryotic translation-elongation-factor-1A). We evaluated a model of intervention with plitidepsin in hospitalized COVID-19 adult patients where three doses were assessed (1.5, 2 and 2.5 mg/day for 3 days, as a 90-minute intravenous infusion) in 45 patients (15 per dose-cohort). Treatment was well tolerated, with only two Grade 3…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Combination of a Sindbis-SARS-CoV-2 spike vaccine and alphaOX40 antibody elicits protective immunity against SARS-CoV-2 induced disease and potentiates long-term SARS-CoV-2-specific humoral and T-cell immunity</strong> - The COVID-19 pandemic caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 is a major global public threat. Currently, a worldwide effort has been mounted to generate billions of effective SARS-CoV-2 vaccine doses to immunize the world’s population at record speeds. However, there is still demand for alternative effective vaccines that rapidly confer long-term protection and rely upon cost-effective, easily scaled-up manufacturing. Here, we present a Sindbis alphavirus vector (SV), transiently expressing the…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Evidence of neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in domestic cats living with owners with a history of COVID-19 in Lima - Peru</strong> - SARS-CoV-2 can infect a variety of wild and domestic animals worldwide. Of these, domestic cats are highly susceptible species and potential viral reservoirs. As such, it is important to investigate disease exposure in areas with active community transmission and high disease prevalence. In this report we demonstrate the presence of serum neutralizing antibodies against the receptor binding-domain (RBD) of the SARS-CoV-2 in cats whose owners had been infected with SARS-CoV-2 in Lima, Peru, using…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Single-Molecule Dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 5’ Cap Recognition by Human eIF4F</strong> - Coronaviruses initiate translation through recognition of the viral RNA 5’ m ⁷ GpppA (m) cap by translation factor eIF4F. eIF4F is a heterotrimeric protein complex with cap-binding, RNA-binding, and RNA helicase activities. Modulating eIF4F function through cellular regulation or small-molecule inhibition impacts coronavirus replication, including for SARS-CoV-2. Translation initiation involves highly coordinated dynamics of translation factors with messenger or viral RNA. However, how the eIF4F…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>SARS-CoV-2 Nsp14 activates NF-kappaB signaling and induces IL-8 upregulation</strong> - Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection leads to NF-κB activation and induction of pro-inflammatory cytokines, though the underlying mechanism for this activation is not fully understood. Our results reveal that the SARS-CoV-2 Nsp14 protein contributes to the viral activation of NF-κB signaling. Nsp14 caused the nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65. Nsp14 induced the upregulation of IL-6 and IL-8, which also occurred in SARS-CoV-2 infected cells. IL-8 upregulation…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Simeprevir Potently Suppresses SARS-CoV-2 Replication and Synergizes with Remdesivir</strong> - The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is a global threat to human health. Using a multidisciplinary approach, we identified and validated the hepatitis C virus (HCV) protease inhibitor simeprevir as an especially promising repurposable drug for treating COVID-19. Simeprevir potently reduces SARS-CoV-2 viral load by multiple orders of magnitude and synergizes with remdesivir in vitro. Mechanistically, we…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Computational prediction of nimbanal as potential antagonist of respiratory syndrome coronavirus</strong> - The high pathogenic nature of the Middle East Respiratory coronavirus (MER) and the associated high fatality rate demands an urgent attention from researchers. Because there is currently no approved drug for the management of the disease, research efforts have been intensified towards the discovery of a potent drug for the treatment of the disease. Papain Like protease (PLpro) is one of the key proteins involved in the viral replication. We therefore docked forty-six compounds already…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Structural insights and inhibition mechanism of TMPRSS2 by experimentally known inhibitors Camostat mesylate, Nafamostat and Bromhexine hydrochloride to control SARS-Coronavirus-2: A molecular modeling approach</strong> - Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been responsible for the cause of global pandemic Covid-19 and to date, there is no effective treatment available. The spike ‘S’ protein of SARS-CoV-2 and ACE2 of the host cell are being targeted to design new drugs to control Covid-19. Similarly, a transmembrane serine protease, TMPRSS2 of the host cell plays a significant role in the proteolytic cleavage of viral ‘S’ protein helpful for the priming of ACE2 receptors and viral…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Is carbonic anhydrase inhibition useful as a complementary therapy of Covid-19 infection?</strong> - The ongoing Covid-19 is a contagious disease, and it is characterised by different symptoms such as fever, cough, and shortness of breath. Rising concerns about Covid-19 have severely affected the healthcare system in all countries as the Covid-19 outbreak has developed at a rapid rate all around the globe. Intriguing, a clinically used drug, acetazolamide (a specific inhibitor of carbonic anhydrase, CA, EC 4.2.1.1), is used to treat high-altitude pulmonary oedema (HAPE), showing a high degree…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Kinetics of Neutralizing Antibodies of COVID-19 Patients Tested Using Clinical D614G, B.1.1.7, and B 1.351 Isolates in Microneutralization Assays</strong> - Increasing evidence suggests that some newly emerged SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VoCs) resist neutralization by antibodies elicited by the early-pandemic wild-type virus. We applied neutralization tests to paired recoveree sera (n = 38) using clinical isolates representing the first wave (D614G), VoC1, and VoC2 lineages (B.1.1.7 and B 1.351). Neutralizing antibodies inhibited contemporary and VoC1 lineages, whereas inhibition of VoC2 was reduced 8-fold, with 50% of sera failing to show…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Induction of the Proinflammatory Chemokine Interleukin-8 Is Regulated by Integrated Stress Response and AP-1 Family Proteins Activated during Coronavirus Infection</strong> - Infection induces the production of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines such as interleukin-8 (IL-8) and IL-6. Although they facilitate local antiviral immunity, their excessive release leads to life-threatening cytokine release syndrome, exemplified by the severe cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. In this study, we investigated the roles of the integrated stress response (ISR) and activator…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Immune Responses to SARS-CoV2 Mirror Societal Responses to COVID-19: Identifying Factors Underlying a Successful Viral Response</strong> - The adaptive immune system was sculpted to protect individuals, societies, and species since its inception, developing effective strategies to cope with emerging pathogens. Here, we show that similar successful or failed dynamics govern personal and societal responses to a pathogen as SARS-CoV2. Understanding the self-similarity between the health-protective measures taken to protect the individual or the society, help identify critical factors underlying the effectiveness of societal response…</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-patent-search">From Patent Search</h1>
<ul>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>COST EFFECTIVE PORTABLE OXYGEN CONCENTRATOR FOR COVID-19</strong> - - <a href="https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=AU324964715">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>METHOD OF IDENTIFYING SEVERE ACUTE RESPIRATORY SYNDROME CORONA VIRUS 2 (SARS-COV-2) RIBONUCLEIC ACID (RNA)</strong> - - <a href="https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=AU323956811">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>IMPROVEMENTS RELATED TO PARTICLE, INCLUDING SARS-CoV-2, DETECTION AND METHODS THEREFOR</strong> - - <a href="https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=AU323295937">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>DEEP LEARNING BASED SYSTEM FOR DETECTION OF COVID-19 DISEASE OF PATIENT AT INFECTION RISK</strong> - The present invention relates to Deep learning based system for detection of covid-19 disease of patient at infection risk. The objective of the present invention is to solve the problems in the prior art related to technologies of detection of covid-19 disease using CT scan image processing. - <a href="https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=IN324122821">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A COMPREHENSIVE DISINFECTION SYSTEM DURING PANDEMIC FOR PERSONAL ITEMS AND PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (PPE) TO SAFEGUARD PEOPLE</strong> - The current Covid-19 pandemic has led to an enormous demand for gadgets / objects for personal protection. To prevent the spread of virus, it is important to disinfect commonly touched objects. One of the ways suggested is to use a personal UV-C disinfecting box that is “efficient and effective in deactivating the COVID-19 virus. The present model has implemented the use of a UV transparent material (fused silica quartz glass tubes) as the medium of support for the objects to be disinfected to increase the effectiveness of disinfection without compromising the load bearing capacity. Aluminum foil, a UV reflecting material, was used as the inner lining of the box for effective utilization of the UVC light emitted by the UVC lamps. Care has been taken to prevent leakage of UVC radiation out of the system. COVID-19 virus can be inactivated in 5 minutes by UVC irradiation in this disinfection box - <a href="https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=IN322882412">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>UBIQUITOUS COMPUTING SYSTEM FOR MENTAL HEALTH MONITORING OF PERSON DURING THE PANDEMIC OF COVID-19</strong> - - <a href="https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=AU323295498">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>一种预判重症新冠肺炎（COVID-19）的标志物及其产品和用途</strong> - 本发明提供了一种预判重症疾病的标志物，所述的预判重症疾病的标志物为S100A12，序列为SEQ ID NO.1，所述的重症疾病为重症新冠肺炎、重症感染中的一种。S100A12基因作为标志物，在预判重症疾病时对全血中的S100A12基因的表达水平进行检测即可，无需对白细胞进行分离，简化检测流程。S100A12的表达水平可以指导感染类疾病包括新冠肺炎重症的预判，从而及早施治，降低病死率，具有很好的临床应用前景。 - <a href="https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=CN325296031">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>INDICATING SYSTEM</strong> - A visual indicating system for use with a hospital bed, the hospital bed comprising a bed frame extending between a head end and a foot end of the bed frame, the visual indicating system comprising: an indicating member adapted to be coupled with the bed frame wherein the indicating member comprises an indicia for indicating one of a plurality of pre-determined health conditions.</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">FIGURE 1 - <a href="https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=AU322897510">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>USE OF IMINOSUGAR COMPOUND IN PREPARATION OF ANTI-SARS-COV-2 VIRUS DRUG</strong> - - <a href="https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=AU322897928">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>一种高灵敏SARS-CoV-2中和抗体的检测方法、检测试剂盒</strong> - 本发明公开了一种高灵敏SARS‑CoV‑2中和抗体的检测方法、检测试剂盒，属于生物医学检测技术领域，本发明试剂盒包括层析试纸、卡壳和样本稀释液，所述层析试纸包括底板、样品垫、结合垫、NC膜和吸水垫，所述NC膜上依次设置有捕获线、检测线和质控线，所述捕获线包被有ACE2蛋白，所述检测线包被有RBD蛋白，所述结合垫设置有RBD蛋白标记物；本发明采用阻断法加夹心法原理提高检测中和抗体的灵敏度，通过添加捕获线的方式，将靶向RBD的非中和抗体提前捕获，保证后续通过夹心法检测中和抗体的特异性。 - <a href="https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=CN323798634">link</a></p></li>
</ul>
<script>AOS.init();</script></body></html>

633
archive-daily-dose/03 June, 2021.html Normal file
View File

@ -0,0 +1,633 @@
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="" xml:lang="" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head>
<meta charset="utf-8"/>
<meta content="pandoc" name="generator"/>
<meta content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0, user-scalable=yes" name="viewport"/>
<title>03 June, 2021</title>
<style type="text/css">
code{white-space: pre-wrap;}
span.smallcaps{font-variant: small-caps;}
span.underline{text-decoration: underline;}
div.column{display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; width: 50%;}
</style>
<title>Daily-Dose</title><meta content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" name="viewport"/><link href="styles/simple.css" rel="stylesheet"/><link href="../styles/simple.css" rel="stylesheet"/><style>*{overflow-x:hidden;}</style><link href="https://unpkg.com/aos@2.3.1/dist/aos.css" rel="stylesheet"/><script src="https://unpkg.com/aos@2.3.1/dist/aos.js"></script></head>
<body>
<h1 data-aos="fade-down" id="daily-dose">Daily-Dose</h1>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" data-aos-anchor-placement="top-bottom" id="contents">Contents</h1>
<ul>
<li><a href="#from-new-yorker">From New Yorker</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-vox">From Vox</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-the-hindu-sports">From The Hindu: Sports</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-the-hindu-national-news">From The Hindu: National News</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-bbc-europe">From BBC: Europe</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-ars-technica">From Ars Technica</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-jokes-subreddit">From Jokes Subreddit</a></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-new-yorker">From New Yorker</h1>
<ul>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>California’s Novel Attempt at Land Reparations</strong> - Property seized from a Black family a century ago is being returned to their descendants. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/us-journal/californias-novel-attempt-at-land-reparations">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Naomi Osaka Takes a Complicated Stand</strong> - Her withdrawal from the French Open has already shifted an ongoing debate about athletes, mental health, and the press. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/sports/sporting-scene/naomi-osaka-takes-a-complicated-stand">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>The Unique Dangers of the Supreme Court’s Decision to Hear a Mississippi Abortion Case</strong> - The most pressing question now may be not whether Roe and Casey can survive but how reproductive rights can be sustained without them. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2021/06/07/the-unique-dangers-of-the-supreme-courts-decision-to-hear-a-mississippi-abortion-case">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>The Peril of Not Vaccinating the World</strong> - Absent a concerted global commitment to vaccine equity, the virus will continue to evolve, and humanity may be consigned to a never-ending pandemic. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/tech/annals-of-technology/the-peril-of-not-vaccinating-the-world">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>The Age of Reopening Anxiety</strong> - What if we’re scared to go back to normal life? - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/culture/dept-of-returns/the-age-of-reopening-anxiety">link</a></p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-vox">From Vox</h1>
<ul>
<li><strong>17 seasons in, Grey’s Anatomy reimagined itself for the pandemic. But only a little bit.</strong> -
<figure>
<img alt="Meredith Grey in full PPE takes a short break." src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/kZ2NHRRLN3DWT4TmJi64Kb5IN6E=/214x0:2881x2000/1310x983/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_image/image/69382237/155955_006.0.jpg"/>
<figcaption>
Meredith Grey (Ellen Pompeo) looks for some downtime in <em>Grey’s Anatomy</em>’s season 17 premiere. | ABC
</figcaption>
</figure>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
The show’s take on 2020 was extremely weird — and surprisingly moving.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="ijiL96">
Watching the 17th season of <em>Grey’s Anatomy</em> over a couple of weeks, around a month after my Covid-19 vaccination became fully effective, was a strangely retraumatizing experience.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="bOYa26">
When the season debuted in November 2020, many Americans were still in quarantine, and Covid-19 cases in the US were about to spike again. But I watched 16 episodes of it in May and June 2021, as cases were on a steep decline and vaccinations were on the rise. Life was returning to a semblance of normal, where we all tried to figure out the etiquette of who should still wear face masks and when. It played as an extremely recent period piece for me, and watching it was weird and discomfiting.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="ml0cxB">
Across the 2020–’21 TV season, most major broadcast-network series set in the present day at least paid lip service to the idea there was a pandemic going on, but dramas especially seemed completely flummoxed by how to blend Covid-19 with their storytelling. (Comedies, especially <a href="https://www.vox.com/culture/22350628/superstore-series-finale-capitalism-comedy-covid-19"><em>Superstore</em></a> and <em>The Conners</em>, had a better go of incorporating references to the pandemic into their typical fare.)
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="ntP0dz">
In theory, <em>Grey’s</em> should have been just as confounded. Though it’s a medical drama, its heavy rotation of soap elements and storylines about people having sex with each other would seem to cut against the moment. It’s easy enough to imagine that viewers might have struggled to invest in sexy complications when the real world seemed like it was falling apart. Acknowledging Covid-19 may have served to make a show many people think of as comfort food into a real bummer instead.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="ZmS3xH">
Judging from how many <em>Grey’s</em> fans said, “This was the saddest season ever!” every time I tweeted about getting caught up in time for the season 17 finale (which airs Thursday), a lot of people did experience the season as a real bummer. But I kinda liked it? Question mark?
</p>
<h3 id="gs2SAh">
<em>Grey’s Anatomy </em>season 17 is about both the grim realities of Covid-19 and hanging out on a mystical beach in the afterlife
</h3>
<figure class="e-image">
<img alt="Doctors at Grey-Sloan Memorial look in at Meredith as she wakes up." src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/lnWHcmZkxCbB8BL_Flufgqei82Y=/800x0/filters:no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22555956/159368_0052.jpg"/> <cite>ABC</cite>
<figcaption>
The doctors of Grey Sloan Memorial Hospital eventually grew inured to the Covid-19 crisis, though it continued to exhaust them.
</figcaption>
</figure>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="gMEm3O">
The two-hour premiere of season 17 — listed as two separate episodes on Hulu — drops us into a Grey Sloan Memorial Hospital (the series renamed its central setting from Seattle Grace Mercy West in season nine, in case you haven’t watched since the show’s heyday in the mid-2000s) where everybody is overworked and everything is falling apart. The premiere is exhausting in a way that makes you viscerally feel the numb horror of watching the casualty count climb higher and higher and higher and higher.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="hhkSnd">
Every character is masked and wearing multiple layers of PPE. Meredith Grey’s voiceover sounds more worn down than ever before. Dr. Richard Webber, previously pseudo-retired but active in the hospital in a primarily administrative capacity, returns to help coordinate its Covid-19 response and grimly announces that more and more places in Grey Sloan (including, eventually, the cafeteria) will be used to house Covid patients. It’s rough!
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="ENbBEN">
But what’s even more bonkers is that the premiere then attempts to wrap up a number of extant storylines from season 16, which was cut short by a few episodes in spring 2020 as the pandemic forced production shutdowns across Hollywood. This choice means one doctor’s insistence that a couple who brought their daughter to the hospital for medical care are actually human traffickers — and the daughter is actually a girl they kidnapped — remains a vital plot point, even though everybody is suddenly wearing face masks and discussing a skyrocketing death rate. I know the onset of the pandemic didn’t immediately cancel everyone’s personal problems, but this specific storyline, with its soapy twists and turns, stands out amid the grim realism of everything else.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="l9Vn8x">
What’s even more bonkers than that is when, at the end of that two-hour premiere, Meredith (Ellen Pompeo) — the show’s lead since it debuted in 2005 — collapses, sick with Covid. Shortly thereafter, she lapses out of consciousness, and the next time we see her, she’s on a mystical beach possibly in the afterlife. Could Meredith Grey, who has survived so many traumatic incidents that she <a href="https://greysanatomy.fandom.com/wiki/Some_Kind_of_Miracle">nearly died and visited the afterlife once before</a> in the show’s third season, actually succumb to Covid-19? Probably not, but the show certainly wants to tease the idea.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="NRK0Uv">
Meredith proceeds to hang out on the beach for nearly the entire season. There, she chats with several of the show’s notable cast members who have died over the years, particularly Derek Shepherd (Patrick Dempsey), her boyfriend-turned-husband for much of the show’s run. Again: She does this for most of the season, visiting the mystical dream beach for the first time in episode three and waking up in episode 13.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="bvmk7r">
Don’t get me wrong. It’s kind of lovely to see Meredith interact with characters who’ve long since left the show, including George (T.R. Knight), who started as an intern at the same time but died in the season six premiere. Knight’s final episode was actually the season five finale — still one of the show’s all-time best — which aired in 2009. I remember George as a vital part of <em>Grey’s Anatomy</em> because he was a vital part of its first seven seasons (after which I fell off watching), but he hasn’t been on the show in 12 years! And there he is on a mystical beach!
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="YPm4Fp">
It’s easy to snark about the beach stuff, because a lot of it is supremely silly. Derek spends much of his time telling Meredith that “the sand’s not real,” a metaphor that’s never quite as meaningful as the show wants it to be. The portrayal of the beach as a kind of heavenly antechamber, where the dead hang out and check up on their living loved ones, sure makes it seem like everybody who died across the course of <em>Grey’s</em> is just waiting for Meredith to die so they can move on. (Some of them mention their kids, but we all know they’re sticking around for Mer.) And that’s before<em> </em>the show puts still-living characters — who are standing by Meredith’s bedside in the hospital and monologuing at her — on the beach so she can smile beatifically at them as they say their piece.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="30R2MW">
I’m a sucker for any storyline that takes on the weight of a long-running show, revealing just how much everybody within that show has grown and changed over the years. So I found a lot of the beach stuff, hokey though it was, pretty moving, especially as a contrast to the grimmer realities of the hospital. (<em>Grey’s Anatomy</em> has been on the air a long time!) The beach storyline pays off beautifully, even if you haven’t watched the show regularly for a decade (as I haven’t), and it keeps <em>Grey’s</em> relatable to viewers who may have returned to the show after a long absence, curious to see how it would handle the pandemic.
</p>
<h3 id="FCmPun">
These two storylines kinda contradict each other. One is about the inevitable dying of the light; the other is about rage, raging against it.
</h3>
<figure class="e-image">
<img alt="Meredith and Derek part ways with a fond farewell on the mystical beach." src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/7kvt8BnZv8rQc6GrI3Cou_Ls7Hs=/800x0/filters:no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22555673/159368_0033.jpg"/> <cite>ABC</cite>
<figcaption>
Meredith (Ellen Pompeo) says goodbye to Derek (Patrick Dempsey), leaving him in the afterlife while she returns to the world of the living.
</figcaption>
</figure>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="3qcPe9">
As season 17 goes on, Meredith’s presence on the beach starts to feel a little more ludicrous. As Covid-19 ceases to be a novel crisis for the characters and slowly becomes part of their day-to-day lives, Meredith is still off to the side somewhere, quietly almost dying. Considering the literal only plot card the beach storyline has to play is, “Will Meredith die or wake up?” it’s a wonder <em>Grey</em>’s managed to squeeze so much drama from it. But eventually, even I — a known fan of dumb mystical bullshit on my favorite TV shows — was begging her to just wake up already.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="08NyLf">
What helped <em>Grey</em>’s make Meredith’s literal limbo more believable is that season 17 takes place in a compressed time frame. The season opens in March 2020, when Covid first found a significant foothold in the US in Seattle (“conveniently” where <em>Grey’s Anatomy</em> is set), and by episode 12 has made it only as far as the historic Black Lives Matter protests in the wake of George Floyd’s death, which began in late May and early June 2020.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Zza4J0">
The season’s penultimate episode speeds through six weeks of time, and judging from some Christmas decorations in <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YSTEm7lmXuE">the promotional trailer for the finale</a>, it might involve a time jump to the 2020 holiday season. Still, earlier seasons of <em>Grey’s</em> have mostly unfolded concurrently with the calendar of our reality. This one reacted to an unprecedented and eventful year by slowing down and stretching out time.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="xSfVHF">
The move worked in the series’ favor in some ways (like making Meredith’s storyline feel vaguely plausible), and undercut its emotional and dramatic payoff in others. The Black Lives Matter protests, for instance, mostly come and go in a single hour, with unfortunate overtones of a “very special episode”; a less-compressed season less beholden to the events of our reality might have been better able to create an entire storyline about racial injustice.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="WdYwIF">
Yet the compressed timeframe also highlighted how the season’s two main storylines contradicted each other, at least a little bit. As Covid became an exhausting reality for the characters, who tried to conserve ventilators and had to deal with their own mandatory quarantines after positive tests, death became part of the background noise of the show even more than usual on a hospital drama. Meanwhile, Meredith’s drawn-out case — one that involves her miraculously breathing on her own after the doctors make the difficult decision to take her off her ventilator — suggests death is inevitable, unless you’re the protagonist of a popular television show.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="B5aXGZ">
The protagonists of popular television shows usually <em>are</em> death-proof, at least until their series finales. (<a href="https://megaphone.link/VMP4176446192">Jack Bauer, what’s up</a>?) Shows rarely make a major effort to point that out as painstakingly as <em>Grey’s</em> accidentally does here, however. It is certainly poignant to imagine that every single Covid patient suffering from the disease and potentially dying alone is actually being comforted in limbo by loved ones who died before them. But I had to make about 15 conceptual leaps to get to that idea from what <em>Grey</em>’s presented, especially because most of Meredith’s pals work at the hospital and can pop by her bedside to emotionally reminisce whenever they like.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="SaTsft">
(Also: I know Sandra Oh, who left <em>Grey’s</em> at the end of season 10, <a href="https://www.vulture.com/2021/05/sandra-oh-says-she-wont-return-to-greys-anatomy-season-18.html">has said she’ll never come back</a> to the show, but the whole enterprise would have been better with a one-episode tale where Cristina Zooms in to tell Meredith how much she loves her, only to appear on the beach alongside her. I’m just saying.)
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="wO71Qv">
Still, in the middle of all its thematic confusion, season 17 of <em>Grey’s</em> is often intensely moving. I cried multiple times, especially as Meredith’s efforts to survive became more central to the story. Even the season’s least-successful episodes were admirably experimental, like the one set in a different character’s dream (where Meredith grimly intones, “Time of death: September 11, 2001,” about the character’s long-dead true love, in case <em>Grey’s</em> hadn’t already referenced enough traumatic national events to keep you occupied).
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="PmQ0Na">
<em>Grey’s Anatomy</em>’s 17th season may have been the show’s “saddest,” but it still had plenty of bed-hopping and weary banter between doctors disagreeing over patients. That life can go on at Grey Sloan Memorial means it can go on anywhere. When Meredith Grey wakes up again (because her daughter cries over her at her bedside — omg, you guys ), it seems less like she has defeated death and more like she has accepted the fact that she lives in a TV show. Sometimes, the point of comfort-food TV isn’t that it ignores our reality; sometimes, the point is just that it’s there every week, for better or worse.
</p></li>
<li><strong>America’s cruel unemployment experiment</strong> -
<figure>
<img alt="A worker holding up a photo of Mitch McConnell at a protest." src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/n3_CDPqgSeckx4TrTZimn3fOfeY=/267x0:4903x3477/1310x983/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_image/image/69382158/1227739014.0.jpg"/>
<figcaption>
Demonstrators rally near Capitol Hill for the extension of unemployment benefits on Wednesday, July 22, 2020. Nearly a year later, workers’ benefits are in flux again, even as the economy is far from recovered. | Tom Williams/CQ-Roll Call Inc. via Getty Images
</figcaption>
</figure>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Cutting off unemployment insurance early is all politics, not economics.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="gzLBO9">
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="uKaYXN">
Karen just needs a few more months to finally get her massage business back off the ground. Business was booming before the pandemic, and relying on unemployment insurance hasn’t been easy. “I’ve been saving every penny,” she tells me, describing, with what sounds like a hint of shame, how she’s “learned to live without lights” to try to keep her electricity bill low and has started to shower less to cut down on the water. “I made a lot more money when I was working,” she says.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="57IfWo">
It’s taking her some time to get clients to return, and she expected to be back to work and off unemployment insurance by August. But the rug is being pulled out from under her: Texas Gov. Greg Abbott (R) <a href="https://gov.texas.gov/news/post/governor-abbott-announces-end-to-federal-pandemic-related-unemployment-benefits#:~:text=Governor%20Greg%20Abbott%20today%20informed,Federal%20Pandemic%20Unemployment%20Compensation%20program.">has decided</a> to opt his state out of expanded unemployment benefits early. And he’s hardly alone in that choice.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="41ejK3">
Federal unemployment programs that added extra weekly money and extended benefits to those who wouldn’t normally receive them, such as freelancers and people who have been unemployed long-term, were put in place in response to the pandemic. They were supposed to end on Labor Day. Now 25 states — all Republican-led — are cutting them off as early as June, arguing that the extra support is no longer needed. They say that generous benefits are keeping people out of work and causing a labor shortage, <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/2021/05/07/jobs-report-labor-shortage-analysis/">even though it’s far from clear that’s what’s going on</a>.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="yEXKsF">
States are about to undertake a reckless and unnecessary experiment in cutting off expanded unemployment in the midst of a rocky recovery, with the lives and livelihoods of an <a href="https://twitter.com/pelhamprog/status/1397576683310432258?s=20">estimated</a> 4 million workers in the balance.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="wz0EiV">
“We’ve had this message throughout the pandemic that we’re going to make sure that people who were disadvantaged by it would have the support they needed until things recover,” said Andrew Stettner, senior fellow at the Century Foundation. But from some corners, that message has gone away. “Sympathy for the unemployed disappeared the minute some people got two vaccine doses.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="7eZ0mb">
Many workers, including Karen (whose last name is being withheld to protect her privacy), have been caught by surprise and are scrambling to figure out what’s next. “I don’t know how I’m going to be able to make my rent,” Karen says. “I’m going to have to start begging clients to come in.”
</p>
<h3 id="NUJddW">
Cutting off unemployment early is a political decision, not an economic one
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="WkIFsN">
When the Covid-19 pandemic took hold in 2020, millions of people lost their jobs seemingly overnight, and Congress took sweeping measures to try to provide them with extra support. The federal government added an extra $600 in weekly federal benefits through July 2020. (Those dollars expired for a while but were then reinstated as $300 in extra benefits.) It also enacted programs that would support people who don’t normally qualify for unemployment, such as freelancers, independent contractors, and gig workers, and for people who are long-term unemployed. They also lengthened the number of weeks an unemployed worker could receive benefits once they exhausted their state benefits in an effort to help the long-term unemployed.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="jcKY77">
That decision — namely, the extra dollars in federal benefits — was politicized from the start. Many Republicans and even some Democrats argued that $600 was just too much, noting that some people would make more on unemployment than they would at work. They also fretted that overly generous unemployment would keep people from returning to work, a perennial talking point among businesses and conservatives.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="jUxlyT">
“The extra money was very politicized, even more politicized than other unemployment insurance issues in the past,” Stettner said.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="BrrRd2">
As vaccines have become more widespread and the economy has started to recover, the fretting around unemployment insurance has reached a fever pitch amid chatter that there’s a labor shortage and speculation about what’s causing it. There’s a <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2021/05/20/briefing/labor-shortages-covid-wages.html?referringSource=articleShare">simple, capitalistic answer</a> if companies are struggling to find workers willing to work at the wages and conditions they’re offering: raise those wages, and <a href="https://www.bloomberg.com/opinion/articles/2021-06-01/how-to-get-the-unemployed-back-to-work">make the conditions more attractive to workers</a>. But the chatter continued, and the April jobs report, <a href="https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2021/5/7/22424859/april-jobs-report-economy">which showed far fewer jobs were added to the economy than expected</a>, became the tipping point. Business groups, including the Chamber of Commerce, <a href="https://twitter.com/USChamber/status/1390670704736149507">upped calls</a> for states to end unemployment.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="7ZmZdB">
Montana and South Carolina <a href="https://www.cnn.com/2021/05/06/politics/montana-pandemic-unemployment-benefits/index.html">said they were going to opt out</a> of enhanced unemployment programs, and now <a href="https://www.reuters.com/article/usa-economy-unemployment/half-of-u-s-states-to-end-biden-backed-pandemic-unemployment-early-idUSL2N2NK1H2">half of all states</a>, all Republican-run, <a href="https://tcf.org/content/commentary/fact-sheet-whats-stake-states-cancel-federal-unemployment-benefits/">have followed suit</a>. All are axing the extra $300, and most are getting rid of the other expanded programs.
</p>
<div class="c-float-right">
<aside id="syM92J">
<q>“Sympathy for the unemployed disappeared the minute some people got two vaccine doses”</q>
</aside>
</div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="N8ANOw">
Those in support of cutting off jobless benefits early say that it’s an economic decision. But it’s hard not to see it as one largely driven by politics.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="K9dCPN">
About 8 million fewer people are currently employed than prior to the pandemic, and <a href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-06-02/employment-disparities-between-young-and-old-widened-during-pandemic?sref=cv51C53O">people ages 20 to 24</a> continue to see double-digit unemployment rates. While vaccine rates are rising and businesses are reopening, the economy is going through many fits and starts, and the recovery is going to take time. <a href="https://www.dol.gov/ui/data.pdf">Nearly 16 million people</a> are still receiving benefits under all unemployment programs, which, as <a href="https://apnews.com/article/pandemics-jobless-claims-coronavirus-pandemic-health-business-a7ea3e65542c137865bd449626b31461">the Associated Press</a> points out, is about eight times as many people as were getting benefits in August 2014, when the unemployment rate was about what it is now. Rep. Don Beyer (D-VA), chair of the US Congress Joint Economic Committee, released a <a href="https://www.jec.senate.gov/public/_cache/files/d6b6396c-cbac-48e9-986f-20f589a3798a/fpuc-and-gop-govs-06.01.2021.pdf">report</a> that found cutting off unemployment early could cost local economies over $12 billion, and just ending the $300 will cost would-be beneficiaries $775 million each week.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="qKP1qA">
JPMorgan’s economic research team wrote in a note in late May that opting out of UI before the timeline set by Congress appears to be “tied to politics, not economics.” They noted that indicators of economic health didn’t really coincide with unemployment-related decisions. “While some of these states have tight labor markets and strong earnings growth, many of them do not,” they wrote.
</p>
<div id="QxsjAx">
<blockquote class="twitter-tweet">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" dir="ltr" lang="en">
NOTABLE: JPMorgan just sent out a note saying the 23 GOP states ending UI extra $300 early is “tied to politics, not economics.”<br/><br/>“While some of these states have tight labor markets and strong earnings growth, many of them do not.” <a href="https://t.co/sEq6B3MdYm">pic.twitter.com/sEq6B3MdYm</a>
</p>
— Heather Long (<span class="citation" data-cites="byHeatherLong">@byHeatherLong</span>) <a href="https://twitter.com/byHeatherLong/status/1397641138488725504?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">May 26, 2021</a>
</blockquote></div></li>
</ul>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="bCRupM">
The unemployment rate in Texas, for example, is <a href="https://www.twc.texas.gov/news/texas-unemployment-rate-falls-67-percent">still above</a> the national unemployment rate. And many people looking for work there know just how hard it can be. Lynn, who lost her job as an office manager near Houston in March, has sent out over 100 résumés but so far has only gotten two callbacks. “There isn’t anything I haven’t tried to get a job over the last two months,” says Lynn, whose last name is being withheld to protect her privacy. “Do you think I like sitting on my tookie all day?”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="mHtBm1">
At her age — she’s 59 — she worries a lot of companies just aren’t interested. But she’s really not in a position where she can take just anything: She needs to make enough money to pay for her mortgage so she can keep her home. Her partner uses a motorized wheelchair, and they can’t easily pick up and move. She’s already strategizing how she can make extra money while she continues to look for steady work, by mowing lawns and cleaning houses. “We’re going to be so screwed,” she says. “There’s going to be a lot of sleepless nights here.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Nwo8j9">
Karen told a similar story of anxiety over Abbott’s decision. “I’ve had nightmares for two weeks since this has been announced,” she said. Her dog is on anti-anxiety medication, and she said she’s snuck one sometimes just to sleep.
</p>
<h3 id="MWDHez">
It’s not clear what this will prove, or whether proving anything is worth it
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="HPyYk3">
There’s been quite a fierce debate about what is contributing to some workers feeling hesitant to go back to work and how quick or slow the labor market recovery will be. While some business groups and economists point to unemployment insurance as the culprit, there are also plenty of other explanations — continued concerns about the pandemic, a lack of access to child care, people rethinking their career paths or holding out for better jobs. It’s difficult, if not impossible, to figure out exactly what is motivating who, and many people could be motivated by multiple factors.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="q4Cyuu">
A <a href="https://www.frbsf.org/economic-research/files/wp2021-13.pdf">working paper</a> out of the Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco estimated that the $300 weekly unemployment supplement has been making a “small but likely noticeable contribution to job-finding rates and employers’ perceptions of worker availability.” How small: They estimate that if seven of 28 workers receive job offers they would normally accept in the early months of this year, just one would say no in order to hold on to the $300.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="0pfaPR">
The question then becomes: Does the choice made by that one worker to stay unemployed a little longer really need to outweigh the lifeline that many workers desperately need?
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="PjU5l1">
“If you’re saying I’m just going to shut off your benefits, but I still don’t have child care, and I still don’t have a way to ensure my child is attending their digital school, how is that going to force me into the labor market?” said Rebecca Dixon, executive director of the National Employment Law Project (NELP). “It may force me into homelessness. It may force me to be hungry. There’s an enormous amount of workers that are still behind on rent. This whole narrative is just completely wrong, and it’s incomplete.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="KKlZED">
She also nodded to the racial undertones of what’s happening with unemployment: Many of the states cutting off pandemic programs early are those with many Black workers, and they’re also often the states with the stingiest and hardest-to-navigate unemployment systems. “At the root of all this is this narrative that Americans have to be forced to go to work, and it is completely and totally rooted in structural racism,” Dixon said. “Because who was being forced to work in the 1800s? Black people.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="sHnWQX">
The point of unemployment isn’t to make workers take just any job. It’s designed to give workers the time to match with a job that’s at least on par with the job they had before, which is what many of them are doing.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="DEZULx">
Justin, who runs an electric taxi operation in downtown Austin, didn’t want or need to find another line of work during the pandemic. He took out two <a href="https://www.vox.com/2021/2/23/22295154/paycheck-protection-program">Paycheck Protection Program loans</a> for small businesses and took advantage of unemployment. Now that nightlife is picking back up and people are out and about, he’s headed back to work and off of jobless benefits. For him, the system worked. “Not having a job wasn’t my issue; it was not being able to work,” he said.
</p>
<div class="c-float-right">
<aside id="J9zMdI">
<q>“If you’re saying I’m just going to shut off your benefits, but I still don’t have child care, and I still don’t have a way to ensure my child is attending their digital school, how is that going to force me into the labor market?”</q>
</aside>
</div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="uqYGLu">
The hope that governors and businesses have in cutting off unemployment is that it will force people back into the workforce and make it so that they have basically no option but to accept any job, no matter the pay or benefits or hours. It’s not clear how their experiment will work: <a href="https://twitter.com/JedKolko/status/1397890124206071808?s=20">Indeed found</a> that job search activity rose modestly — and temporarily — when states announced they were opting out early.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="f7AjKM">
Telling people they would have support through the summer and then unexpectedly taking it away doesn’t solve the problems that might be keeping them out of work; it just turns those problems into an emergency.
</p>
<h3 id="dYBRbw">
Unemployment insurance needs an overhaul
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="0EY2sF">
Once governors began announcing they were cutting off unemployment insurance, many people were shocked. Congress had said unemployment would go through Labor Day, and workers were caught off-guard that this could even happen. After all, the programs being cut off are <a href="https://ogletree.com/insights/pandemic-unemployment-assistance-20-questions-and-answers-for-employers/">funded by federal money</a>, not the states.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="TMXrRJ">
“These are temporary programs, and the way that these temporary programs are administered is an agreement between the secretary of labor and the governor of the states, and that agreement gives either side — the Labor Department or the state — 30 days to terminate it,” Stettner said. “That’s what’s happening. They’re exercising this termination clause in the agreement.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="xaoWRC">
Some experts, politicians, and advocacy groups have argued that the Labor Department should step in to try to stop states from ending benefits. <a href="https://www.nelp.org/wp-content/uploads/REVISED-AND-UPDATED-Memo-on-Early-Term-of-CARES-agreements-w_clarityonoverall-UI-numbers.pdf">NELP put out a memo</a> laying out the case that the labor secretary has to figure out a way to keep Pandemic Unemployment Assistance (PUA), which covers self-employed people, part-time workers, and people who wouldn’t otherwise qualify for regular unemployment compensation, going. Sen. Bernie Sanders (I-VT) sent a <a href="https://twitter.com/SenSanders/status/1392888579005853698?s=20">letter</a> to Labor Secretary Marty Walsh reiterating NELP’s case.
</p>
<div id="ijIs5l">
<blockquote class="twitter-tweet">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" dir="ltr" lang="en">
Democrats in Congress secured life-saving unemployment aid to workers so they wouldn’t have to go back to work for starvation wages or without childcare. I sent a letter to Labor Secretary Walsh today asking him to ensure Republican Governors do not strip that assistance away. <a href="https://t.co/Ik1TJatEZP">pic.twitter.com/Ik1TJatEZP</a>
</p>
— Bernie Sanders (<span class="citation" data-cites="SenSanders">@SenSanders</span>) <a href="https://twitter.com/SenSanders/status/1392888579005853698?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">May 13, 2021</a>
</blockquote>
</div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="rnLaCH">
Thus far, the administration insists that its <a href="https://www.politico.com/news/2021/05/20/states-unemployment-insurance-cuts-490028">hands are tied</a> on keeping unemployment going in states that are trying to shut it off. A Labor official told Vox that they believe their authority is nil on the matter, and that because states administer unemployment insurance, it’s next to impossible to find workarounds where the federal government or other states would pay benefits. The official said they are still open to ideas.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="8SzNeE">
Some advocates and workers have expressed doubts that there’s really nothing the federal government can do, as well as frustration that many Democrats aren’t speaking out more about the matter. “I have been extremely disappointed by the silence from President Biden and from the secretary [of labor] to not sort of more publicly call out [what’s happening],” said Rachel Deutsch, who heads the Unemployed Action movement at the Center for Popular Democracy.
</p>
<div class="c-float-right">
<aside id="7egekX">
<q>Telling people they would have support through the summer and then unexpectedly taking it away doesn’t solve the problems that might be keeping them out of work; it just turns those problems into an emergency</q>
</aside>
</div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="ytVP2x">
Some unemployed workers are organizing to try to protest and keep their promised benefits, and advocates insist there are ways to help. But the current situation points to the broader problem of how deeply flawed America’s unemployment insurance system is. If it were more robust, we wouldn’t be here. “This is actually a microcosm of the full dysfunctionality of the unemployment insurance system as a whole,” Deutsch said.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="CNUs58">
This has been painfully evident for a long time, and particularly acute during the pandemic. Unemployment insurance is run as a state-federal partnership that gives states a lot of leeway in how they administer the program. That has translated to low benefits in many states and impossible-to-navigate bureaucracy. Even more than a year after the pandemic hit, workers still describe spending hours on the phone and on websites trying to figure out how to apply for unemployment. Ken, a Texas teacher who is trying to figure out what to do without unemployment for the last two months before he goes back to school in the fall, said Sen. Ted Cruz’s (R-TX) office finally helped him get through to the state agency to at least collect what he’s owed before he’s cut off. “If I send a message to Ted Cruz’s office, they get me on a call list, and I get a call back,” said Ken, whose last name is being withheld to protect his privacy. (Anecdotal evidence from a Facebook group of unemployed people from Texas suggests Cruz’s office is highly effective in helping people navigate the system.)
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="CCPx2o">
What happens consistently in downturns is that federal lawmakers need to step in to decide whether to help unemployed people instead of putting in <a href="https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/22277339/covid-19-relief-bill-automatic-stabilizers">some sort of automatic triggers</a>, which would mean help is dictated by economic conditions and not political whims. Maybe some of the states cutting off benefits right now do have economies that merit it, but not all of them do.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="9io7Su">
“We have to have standards for the benefits at all times so we don’t have to so drastically increase them,” Stettner said. “And if we’re going to have federally supported programs, we may need to have some provision in law that allows the federal government to directly pay them if the state refuses.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="bqdZG6">
We don’t know when the next recession will come, but we know that it will. And the country and workers will be stuck in this doom loop unless there is real change or, perhaps, <a href="https://www.vox.com/the-highlight/21430930/covid-unemployment-600-cares-act-the-great-rebuild">the entire system is overhauled</a>.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="tqt5uu">
“Fundamentally, if we are really serious about having an income support program that is countercyclical, that actually puts money into the economy when we’re heading into a downturn and provides people with money to meet their basic needs, we actually need to create that program,” Dixon said, “because what we have now is not adequate.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="1wl1vK">
Karen, whose husband died in 2017, is currently collecting about $418 a week in unemployment. It’s enough to pay the rent for her house and for the shared office she’ll soon be working out of yet again, but not much more. “It’s just enough to make it by,” she said, “and live in the dark.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="wXEAxN">
Later this month, she thinks it will be cut to $0.
</p>
<ul>
<li><strong>The false promises of more immigration enforcement</strong> -
<figure>
<img alt="" src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/M7f7V8nfs3iZuMNYamKSwO0YdZ4=/0x0:4961x3721/1310x983/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_image/image/69382129/1232872613.0.jpg"/>
<figcaption>
A family of asylum seekers from Colombia boards the Border Patrol Inmate transport after they turned themselves in to US Border Patrol agents on May 13 in Yuma, Arizona. | Apu Gomes/Getty Images
</figcaption>
</figure>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Harsh detention and deportation policies haven’t deterred migrants.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="UV0caN">
President Joe Biden has taken some steps toward reversing his predecessor’s legacy of broad, indiscriminate immigration enforcement, including a recent <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/immigration/ice-detentions-county-jails-halted/2021/05/20/9c0bdd1e-b8de-11eb-a6b1-81296da0339b_story.html">announcement</a> that it will no longer detain immigrants at two locations under scrutiny for alleged abuses.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="sMB6Tr">
But Republicans are adamant that increased immigration enforcement be a prerequisite to any broader immigration reform.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="ncRTYj">
“There’ll be no immigration reform until you get control of the border,” Sen. Lindsey Graham (R-SC) <a href="https://www.rollcall.com/2021/05/12/bipartisan-immigration-talks-thwarted-by-escalating-migration/">told Roll Call</a> last month.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="g7Z6UP">
There are now <a href="https://immigrationimpact.com/2021/05/20/biden-immigration-enforcement/?emci=946f0af6-03b9-eb11-a7ad-501ac57ba3ed&amp;emdi=41dc89d1-d2bb-eb11-a7ad-501ac57b8fa7&amp;ceid=7999755#.YKeVE6hKg-U">nearly 40 percent more people </a>in immigration detention compared to when Biden first took office, and his administration is continuing to turn away most migrants arriving on the border under <a href="https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/22398712/biden-title-42-migrant-border-expel">pandemic-related restrictions </a>put in place by his predecessor, President Donald Trump, which have led to the expulsions of <a href="https://www.cbp.gov/newsroom/stats/cbp-enforcement-statistics/title-8-and-title-42-statistics">more than 350,000 people </a>this year alone.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="nPKEIP">
But research shows that the threat of detention and deportation in the US doesn’t dissuade migrants from making the journey to the southern border, especially if they are victims of violence and may be seeking to escape the “devil they know” in their home countries.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="ubIGlm">
“Managing migration at the border, particularly the kind of migration we’re seeing now, from a strictly deterrence, enforcement lens is just not sustainable in the long run and is not having the impact that people think it should have,” Theresa Cardinal Brown, managing director of immigration and cross-border policy at the Bipartisan Policy Center, said. “That’s why we need to rethink our paradigm for how we talk about migration and everything that we do at the border.”
</p>
<h3 id="DT8eDB">
Detention and deportations don’t deter migrants from coming
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="4zU63S">
The US started dramatically ramping up immigration enforcement in the 1990s with bipartisan support. The line of thinking was that making it more expensive and arduous to cross the border would dissuade more people from making the journey in the first place. It became the preferred strategy for policymakers because it was easy to sell to constituents, even though it wasn’t necessarily grounded in a deep understanding of the factors driving unauthorized immigration.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="cb2AFx">
But a growing body of research shows that the threat of immigration enforcement isn’t an effective deterrent for migrants in the long run. Emily Ryo, a professor of law and sociology at the USC Gould School of Law, found in a <a href="http://email.msgsnd.com/c/eJwdjkFuhDAMRU8Dy8iOHZwssuiI9h4JSWaQICBgSo_ftJL9bX99yS95ESihn70GjWBQNJIYUKgY6fGgkd048qcT2zGs5_OsSU3b2r_8YBwTD-QMR4okueQcxMqAFCHp1C_-dV372dFHp79a3fet9hpOtR3Pdk5bvXK92vZntoFom2pskhsLAUCzVHkvi9pT6Q9f52lbsqrhyKHhfG8_a05z-Ae6PDI5SDYztffalmJYGAcmk4bYukWcKRERgBNlmYwwWKBgCgYBsRR_AfF1TCI">paper</a> published earlier this month that it has no significant effect on people’s decision to migrate from Mexico and Central America’s “Northern Triangle”: Guatemala, Honduras, and El Salvador.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="tycCIw">
In cooperation with Vanderbilt University and the Latin American Public Opinion Project, she designed an experiment that was included in the 2018-’19 AmericasBarometer survey of nearly 11,000 voting-age adults across the four countries. She divided the respondents into three groups and provided them with different prompts offering information about how many migrants are apprehended by US officials when trying to cross the border, subject to detention for an indefinite period of time, and face a lack of judicial process when it comes to their deportation. They were then asked how likely it would be that they would choose to live and work in the US in the next three years.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="d7eqAz">
The patterns in responses across the groups were strikingly similar, though they were provided with different information about US immigration enforcement policy. Most said they weren’t likely to go to the US, but in all three groups, about 21 percent said they were “a little likely to go,” 10 percent said they were “somewhat likely,” and roughly another 10 percent said “very likely.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="hjIYn1">
Knowledge about US deportation and detention policy didn’t have any significant effect on their intentions to migrate. Ryo even did an analysis to account for potential differences in how persuasive the information about US policy might be for different populations, such as people experiencing crime and violence, people with family ties to the US who might be seeking reunification, and people leaving for economic reasons. It still didn’t make a statistically significant difference.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="U588OA">
“To the extent that what we’re trying to do with our immigration enforcement policy is to deter people, my study does not support that approach in terms of use of policies like immigration detention to achieve that purpose,” Ryo said.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="WA9uQt">
Another<a href="https://larrlasa.org/articles/10.25222/larr.147/"> study</a>, conducted by Vanderbilt University political science professor Jonathan Hiskey and co-authors, similarly found that knowledge of heightened US deterrence efforts didn’t influence people’s decision to migrate.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="tfJYuH">
They analyzed 2014 survey data from more than 3,000 people in 12 Honduran municipalities with varying rates of homicide and crime victimization. The survey was conducted just as the Obama administration was pushing its “Dangers Awareness” campaign featuring more than 6,000 public service announcements and more than 600 billboards. The overriding message was that the US would send people back to their home country if they tried to cross the border.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="yEpmGJ">
Most survey takers thought that crossing the border was more difficult and less safe than it was the previous year, and that it involved an increased risk of deportation and worse treatment of migrants. In that respect, the campaign had appeared to succeed in persuading Hondurans that migrating to the US was a “highly dangerous proposition with little chance of success,” according to the researchers.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="AKh2NR">
You might expect that would have made them less likely to eventually migrate. But that’s not what the researchers found; the survey takers’ views of the dangers of migration to the US and the likelihood of deportation did not seem to influence their plans to migrate in any meaningful way.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="q1xJ2V">
Rather, the factor that was most associated with people’s desire to migrate was whether they were victims of crimes, as is the case for many asylum seekers fleeing gang violence in Honduras.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="kXqjh7">
“The detention and deportation of current migrants from El Salvador and Honduras, along with the extensive publicity of these detention and deportation proceedings, is unlikely to persuade many of the individuals in these countries who are directly experiencing the tragically high levels of crime and violence,” the researchers wrote.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="KXvoBQ">
Knowledge of US immigration detention, however, did have an unintended effect on survey takers in Ryo’s experiment — it made them more likely to think outcomes and legal procedures in the American immigration system are unfair. That is worrisome, given that perceptions of fairness are significant predictors of people’s willingness to obey the law and cooperate with legal authorities, Ryo said.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="AICio8">
“We really ought to be concerned about the extent to which generating these kinds of perceptions of unfairness can backfire in terms of more people disregarding our laws and undertaking that dangerous journey in order to get to our border and try to cross it,” she added.
</p>
<h3 id="Qs18Vb">
More undocumented immigrants have settled in the US due to increased enforcement
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="IWuZuf">
Another unintended effect of US immigration enforcement has been the increase in the number of undocumented immigrants living in the US from roughly 3 million in 1986 to over 11 million today. Princeton sociologist Doug Massey and his co-authors found in a <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27721512/">2016 paper</a> that the rapid expansion of immigration enforcement in the years following 1986, the last time that a major immigration law was passed, actually caused more migrants to decide to settle in the US permanently.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="bP0OYL">
Before then, Mexican men had moved back and forth across the border, usually looking for opportunities for temporary work and crossing in El Paso and San Diego. The US’s decision to expand immigration enforcement didn’t really alter their ability to cross the border. They weren’t much more likely to be apprehended when they attempted to cross, and even if they were discovered by US immigration officials and swiftly returned to Mexico, they could still succeed after multiple attempts.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="YFXjyU">
What changed, however, was the costs and risks associated with returning to their home country and then attempting to reenter the US. Migrants had to start crossing in more dangerous regions of the border, going through the Sonoran Desert and Arizona, and came to rely more heavily on the services of paid smugglers, which became more expensive. Between 1980 and 2010, the probability that a migrant would return after their first trip to the US consequently dropped from 48 percent to zero, according to Massey’s paper.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Nitzdl">
“The combination of increasingly costly and risky trips and the near certainty of getting into the United States created a decision-making contest in which it still made economic sense to migrate but not to return home to face the high costs and risks of subsequent entry attempts,” the authors write in the paper.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="5Pmuot">
In this way, immigration enforcement had the opposite of the intended effect. And the authors write that if policymakers had never increased border patrol’s funding beyond accounting for inflation, the population of undocumented immigrants living in the US likely would have “grown substantially less.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="rydMUk">
What might reverse the trend is if the US legalizes the population of undocumented immigrants living in the US, or at least broad swaths of it, which might allow more people to return to their home country.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="1B3Yyo">
But first, US policymakers need to reckon with the ways existing strategies to deter unauthorized immigration haven’t worked.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="4XIQEC">
“Our policymakers have not actually been very attentive to trying to better understand what the actual effects of our enforcement policies are, and that’s very problematic because tons of resources are going into implementing certain policies that actually don’t need to the outcome that we desire, and can lead to unintended consequences that we do not desire,” Ryo said.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="qprncO">
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="8LdEXg">
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="DsE19E">
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="AEX8vC">
</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-the-hindu-sports">From The Hindu: Sports</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>PM Modi reviews India’s preparations for Tokyo Olympics</strong> - Tokyo Olympics is scheduled to begin from July 23.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Olympics: ‘We cannot postpone again,’ Tokyo 2020 boss says of COVID gloom</strong> - Already postponed from last year at the cost of an extra $3.5 billion, a scaled-down version of the Games, with no foreign spectators, is set to start on July 23.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Neeraj Chopra’s departure delayed</strong> - Javelin thrower awaits an authorisation letter from France</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Ronak emphasises on process</strong> - ‘A medal at Olympics validates your prowess as an athlete’</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Ramkumar advances</strong> - Ramkumar Ramanathan outplayed Blaz Kavcic of Slovenia 6-1, 6-1 in the first round of the €44,820 Challenger tennis tournament here. The results:€44,82</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-the-hindu-national-news">From The Hindu: National News</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Officials told to make all preparations to tackle third wave, if any</strong> - Deputy Chief Minister Laxman Savadi has directed officials to make preparations to tackle a possible third wave of COVID-19 as test positivity rate in</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Data | COVID-19 test positivity rate declined faster in urban districts than rural parts in May</strong> - In about 10 rural districts of the north-eastern region, the positivity rate exceeded 20%</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Thumbs up for blended learning, but with riders</strong> - Consultative meet expresses reservation in draft guidelines</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>State govt. revises list of Scheduled Castes</strong> - Seven castes brought under Devendrakula Velalar title</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Transport employees seek salaries for lockdown period</strong> - Honorary president of NWKRTC Employees Federation P.H. Neeralakeri has urged the State government to immediately release the salaries of employees of</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-bbc-europe">From BBC: Europe</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Denmark asylum: Law passed to allow offshore asylum centres</strong> - MPs back a bill allowing relocation of asylum seekers outside the EU while their cases are reviewed.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>France Mila affair: Thirteen on trial over online abuse</strong> - Mila received 100,000 hate messages after posting videos critical of Islam, her lawyer says.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Coronavirus: Germany fights trade in fake Covid vaccine certificates</strong> - Fraudsters offer forged German vaccine certificates on the encrypted Telegram messenger service.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>France emergency service number disrupted after network outage</strong> - One person may have died because of the outage, the French interior minister says.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>JBS: FBI says Russia-linked group hacked meat supplier</strong> - The White House says President Biden will bring up cyber-attacks when he meets Russia’s President Putin.</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-ars-technica">From Ars Technica</h1>
<ul>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Attack on meat supplier came from REvil, ransomware’s most cut-throat gang</strong> - Criminals use high-pressure tactics to extort victims. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1769479">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>This Range Rover Classic restomod runs on Tesla power</strong> - An intriguing and much more unusual alternative to the six-figure supercar. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1769340">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>No Man’s Sky gets the world’s first VR-DLSS performance boost—let’s test it</strong> - Debuts in <em>No Man’s Sky</em>’s demanding VR mode, and we have numbers, image comparisons. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1769190">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Physicists unlock multispectral secrets of earliest color photographs</strong> - French physicist Gabriel Lippmann created the first color photographs in 1891. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1769141">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Venus is so very nice, NASA is going there twice</strong> - “The Venus community is absolutely elated.” - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1769277">link</a></p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-jokes-subreddit">From Jokes Subreddit</h1>
<ul>
<li><strong>A jew visits a brothel</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF -->
<div class="md">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
He talks to the guy at reception:
</p>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Hello, I want to see Samantha.
</p>
</li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
One moment sir.
</p>
</li>
</ul>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
A beautiful young woman comes downstairs.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
-Have you asked for me?
</p>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Yes, I want to spend the night with you.
</p>
</li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Alright but my service is a bit expensive. $1000 for a night.
</p>
</li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Doesn’t matter, I want to spend the night with you.
</p>
</li>
</ul>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
They go upstairs and spend the night together.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Next day, the man comes to the brothel again. He says:
</p>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
I want to see Samantha.
</p>
</li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Sir, we do have other prostitutes as well.
</p>
</li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
I don’t care, I want to see Samantha.
</p>
</li>
</ul>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
They call Samantha and she comes downstairs. Seeing the man, Samantha asks:
</p>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
You again? If you remember it, I have a high service cost of $1000 a night.
</p>
</li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
I don’t care about the money, I want to be with you.
</p>
</li>
</ul>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
They be together for that night as well. The very next day, the man comes to the brothel even once more. He asks for Samantha, unsurprisingly. Samantha sees him downstairs:
</p>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Oh my god, you again? I am not making a discount for regulars, do you know that?
</p>
</li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Oh yes, doesn’t matter. Want to spend the night with you.
</p>
</li>
</ul>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
After they’re done, Samantha asks:
</p>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
It’s cool that you like me this much but I can’t understand why. You paid a grand to fuck me for 3 consecutive days. Where are you from?
</p>
</li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Tel Aviv
</p>
</li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Tel Aviv, that’s cool, my sister lives there as well.
</p>
</li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
I know, she handed me $3000 to bring to you.
</p>
</li>
</ul>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Edit: Chill the frick down guys, I am not an anti-semitist nor I am trying to promote anti-semitism. You can put different names and places and it will still be a joke. I just translated (not so successfully) and posted it like the way I’ve heard it years ago. My formatting was like a pp presentation, it is true. Some dig it some not, I don’t care but I ask you to calm down and not start political/religious arguments over a joke.
</p>
</div>
<!-- SC_ON -->
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/MedicalGoals"> /u/MedicalGoals </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/nqzkaf/a_jew_visits_a_brothel/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/nqzkaf/a_jew_visits_a_brothel/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
<li><strong>How do you get the attention of a pervert? [NSFW]</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF -->
<div class="md">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Use an nsfw tag
</p>
</div>
<!-- SC_ON -->
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/thatonedude9090"> /u/thatonedude9090 </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/nr9g4w/how_do_you_get_the_attention_of_a_pervert_nsfw/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/nr9g4w/how_do_you_get_the_attention_of_a_pervert_nsfw/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
<li><strong>I rarely find cocaine jokes funny.</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF -->
<div class="md">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
But occasionally, an one-liner makes me snort.
</p>
</div>
<!-- SC_ON -->
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/porichoygupto"> /u/porichoygupto </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/nr0wvy/i_rarely_find_cocaine_jokes_funny/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/nr0wvy/i_rarely_find_cocaine_jokes_funny/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
<li><strong>My sister asked for me to bring her something hard to write on</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF -->
<div class="md">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
I don’t know why she became so mad. It’s pretty fucking hard to write on sand.
</p>
</div>
<!-- SC_ON -->
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/Genius_Mate"> /u/Genius_Mate </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/nqkdgy/my_sister_asked_for_me_to_bring_her_something/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/nqkdgy/my_sister_asked_for_me_to_bring_her_something/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
<li><strong>What organ can expand to 10 times it’s size…</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF -->
<div class="md">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
What organ can expand to 10 times it’s size…
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
The 6th grade science teacher, Mrs. Parks, asked her class, “Which human body part increases to ten times its size when stimulated?”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
No one answered so the teacher picked on a random student
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Little Mary stood up and said, “You should not be asking sixth graders a question like that! I’m going to tell my parents, and they will go and tell the principal, who will then fire you!”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Mrs. Parks ignored her and asked the question again, “Which body part increases to 10 times its size when stimulated?” Little Mary’s mouth fell open. Then she said to those around her,
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
“Boy, is she going to get in big trouble!”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
The teacher continued to ignore her and said to the class,
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
“Anybody?”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Finally, Billy stood up, looked around nervously, and said, “The body part that increases 10 times its size when stimulated is the pupil of the eye.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Mrs. Parks said, “Very good, Billy,” then turned to Mary and continued.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
“As for you, young lady, I have three things to say: One, you have a dirty mind. Two, you didn’t read your homework And three, one day you are going to be very, very disappointed.”
</p>
</div>
<!-- SC_ON -->
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/notriple"> /u/notriple </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/nqlm23/what_organ_can_expand_to_10_times_its_size/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/nqlm23/what_organ_can_expand_to_10_times_its_size/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
</ul>
<script>AOS.init();</script></body></html>

4
index.html
View File

File diff suppressed because one or more lines are too long