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<h1 data-aos="fade-down" id="covid-19-sentry">Covid-19 Sentry</h1>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" data-aos-anchor-placement="top-bottom" id="contents">Contents</h1>
<ul>
<li><a href="#from-preprints">From Preprints</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-clinical-trials">From Clinical Trials</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-pubmed">From PubMed</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-patent-search">From Patent Search</a></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-preprints">From Preprints</h1>
<ul>
<li><strong>Model design for non-parametric phylodynamic inference and applications to pathogen surveillance</strong> -
<div>
Inference of effective population size from genomic data can provide unique information about demographic history, and when applied to pathogen genetic data can also provide insights into epidemiological dynamics. The combination of non-parametric models for population dynamics with molecular clock models which relate genetic data to time has enabled phylodynamic inference based on large sets of time-stamped genetic sequence data. The methodology for non-parametric inference of effective population size is well-developed in the Bayesian setting, but here we develop a frequentist approach based on non-parametric latent process models of population size dynamics. We appeal to statistical principles based on out-of-sample prediction accuracy in order to optimize parameters that control shape and smoothness of the population size over time. We demonstrate the flexibility and speed of this approach in a series of simulation experiments, and apply the methodology to reconstruct the previously described waves in the seventh pandemic of cholera. We also estimate the impact of non-pharmaceutical interventions for COVID-19 in England using thousands of SARS-CoV-2 sequences. By incorporating a measure of the strength of these interventions over time within the phylodynamic model, we estimate the impact of the first national lockdown in the UK on the epidemic reproduction number.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.18.427056v2" target="_blank">Model design for non-parametric phylodynamic inference and applications to pathogen surveillance</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Lenfer cest les autres? The effects of COVID-19 virus on interpersonal trust</strong> -
<div>
Does the COVID-19 pandemic affect interpersonal trust? Most evidence shows that natural disasters reinforce trust and cooperation, but the COVID-19 virus differs from other calamities since it spreads through contact with people, potentially increasing suspicion and distrust. We investigate the link between exposure to COVID-19 and trust in strangers in a representative sample of adults in Italy, one the countries hardest struck by the pandemic. Contrary to intuitive expectations, by conducting a panel study with an embedded survey experiment we find that those who report COVID-19 symptoms trust strangers substantially more than those who do not. Panel data analysis shows that trust increases within individuals who catch COVID-19, although the effect seems to decline once people recover. In addition, our experimental findings reveal that priming people on the risk that the COVID-19 pandemic poses to their health, leads to a substantial increase in trust in strangers, which lasts over time. Priming in terms of job loss and economic recession too leads to a smaller increase in trust in strangers, while solidarity appeals and knowledge of people with COVID-19 symptoms in ones network has no effects on trust. These findings could be explained partly by people observing altruistic behavior and increasing their estimate of other peoples trustworthiness and partly by conjecturing that when caught in catastrophes people become more dependent on other peoples support and prone to “outward exposure”, consistently with the “emancipation theory of trust”.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://osf.io/preprints/socarxiv/rm4ck/" target="_blank">Lenfer cest les autres? The effects of COVID-19 virus on interpersonal trust</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Covid-19 Incidence And Mortality By Age Strata And Comorbidities In Mexico City: A Focus In The Pediatric Population</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Introduction: SARS-COV2 appears less frequently and less severely in the pediatric population than in older age groups. In the face of the urgent need to reactivate activities suspended during the lockdown, mainly those essential for child development, this study aims to describe the risks of death of persons infected with SARS-COV2 by age group and according to the presence of comorbidities. Methodology: We analyzed data of confirmed SARS-COV2 infection cases where symptoms began between February 22th, 2020, and March 31, 2021, as published by the General Epidemiology Direction (DGE) of the Mexican Ministry of Health. We calculated COVID-19 incidence and mortality by age group with population data from the Statistics and Population National Institute (INEGI), estimating the correlation between risk of death and the presence of comorbidities. Results: Mortality in SARS-COV2 infected people varied considerably, between 7 to 155 deaths per million per year in the under-20 age groups compared to 441 to 15929 in the older age groups. Mortality in pediatric populations is strongly associated with comorbidities (OR: 4.6- 47.9) compared to the milder association for older age groups (OR: 3.16-1.23). Conclusions: The risk of death from SARS-COV2 infection in children is low and strongly associated with comorbidities.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.21.21259282v2" target="_blank">Covid-19 Incidence And Mortality By Age Strata And Comorbidities In Mexico City: A Focus In The Pediatric Population</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>The Impact of COVID 19 on Pakistans Export Oriented Economic Growth</strong> -
<div>
This study focuses on the Impact of COVID-19 on export-oriented economic growths of countries. We had tried to get the adjacent picture of the main affected areas of the world and their effects on economic growth. Pakistan also faced the harmful effects of this pandemic. The situation got worst when it was controlled with lockdown policies. It destabilized the vulnerable economy and economy shrinks down due to COVID-19. A mixed approach was conducted for this research study. As I have to see that to what degree the pandemic has affected the Pakistans economy and economic growth. The research aims to discover the impacts of COVID-19 on the export-oriented economic growth of Pakistan. The research methodology is based on a descriptive approach and a quantitative data analysis technique will be used to analyze the data. Other than human tragedy, the COVID 19 has been an unpredicted shock for world economy Global Output estimated by IMF fallen by 3.5% in 2020 and all developed, undeveloped and under developing countries are hit by this wave hardly.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://osf.io/5d7ue/" target="_blank">The Impact of COVID 19 on Pakistans Export Oriented Economic Growth</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Excess deaths in Spain during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak from age/sex-adjusted death rates</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Objectives: Assess the impact of the illness designated COVID-19 during the first year of pandemic outbreak in Spain through age/sex-specific death rates. Study design: Age/sex-specific weeekly deaths in Spain were retrieved from Eurostat. Spanish resident population was obtained from the National Statistics Office. Methods: Generalized linear Poisson regressions were used to compute the contrafactual expected rates after one year (52 weeks or 364 days) of the pandemic onset. From this one-year age/sex-specific and age/sex-adjusted mortality excess rates were deduced. Results: For the past continued 13 years one-year age/sex-adjusted death rates had not been as high as the rate observed on February 28th, 2021. The excess death rate was estimated as 1.790<em>10<sup>-3</sup> (95% confidence interval, 1.773</em>10<sup>-3</sup> to 1.808<em>10<sup>-3</sup>; P-score=20.2% and z-score=11.4) with an unbiased standard deviation of the residuals equal to 157</em>10<sup>-6</sup> . This made 84 849 excess deaths (84 008 to 85 690). Sex disaggregation resulted in 44 887 (44 470 to 45 303) male excess deaths and 39 947 (39 524 to 40 371) female excess deaths. Conclusion: With 73 571 COVID-19 deaths and 9772 COVID-19 suspected deaths that occurred in nursing homes during the spring of 2020 it is only 1496 excess deaths (1.8%, a z-score of 0.2) that remains unattributed. The infection rate during the first year of the pandemic is estimated in 16% of population after comparing the ENE-COVID seroprevalence, the excess deaths at the end of the spring 2020 and the excess deaths at the end of the first year of the pandemic.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.22.20159707v7" target="_blank">Excess deaths in Spain during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak from age/sex-adjusted death rates</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>DECREASED BREADTH OF THE ANTIBODY RESPONSE TO THE SPIKE PROTEIN OF SARS-CoV-2 AFTER VACCINATION</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
The rapid development of vaccines to prevent infection by SARS-CoV-2 virus causing COVID-19 makes necessary to compare the capacity of the different vaccines in terms of development of a protective humoral response. Here, we have used a highly sensitive and reliable flow cytometry method to measure the titers of antibodies of the IgG1 isotype in blood of volunteers after receiving one or two doses of the vaccines being administered in Spain. We took advantage of the multiplexed capacity of the method to measure simultaneously the reactivity of antibodies with the S protein of the original strain Wuhan-1 and the variant B.1.1.7 (Alpha). We found significant differences in the titer of anti-S antibodies produced after a first dose of the vaccines ChAdOx1 nCov-19/AstraZeneca, mRNA-1273/Moderna, BNT162b2/Pfizer- BioNTech and Ad26.COV.S/Janssen. Most important, we found a relative reduction in the reactivity of the sera with the B.1.1.7 versus the Wuhan-1 variant after the second boosting immunization. These data allow to make a comparison of different vaccines in terms of anti-S antibody generation and cast doubts about the convenience of repeatedly immunizing with the same S protein sequence.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.12.21261952v1" target="_blank">DECREASED BREADTH OF THE ANTIBODY RESPONSE TO THE SPIKE PROTEIN OF SARS-CoV-2 AFTER VACCINATION</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>The relationship between fear of COVID-19 and anxiety in Honduran population</strong> -
<div>
The purpose of this research was to determine the relationship between fear of COVID-19 and anxiety in the Honduran population. This was made through a quantitative methodology, using the Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S) and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7). The sample consisted of 595 Honduran respondents, with a mean age of 25.10 years. The results suggest that female participants reported significantly higher scores in fear of COVID-19 and anxiety than men. A linear regression model determined that fear of COVID-19, sex and age were significant predictors of anxiety scores. The overall model had an r2 of 0.325, with fear of COVID-19 accounting for 29.9% of the variance in GAD-7 scores. The resulting model has a large effect size, f 2= 0.48. The results are discussed considering prior research and their psychosocial implications.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://psyarxiv.com/zyw6c/" target="_blank">The relationship between fear of COVID-19 and anxiety in Honduran population</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Beneficial Effects of novel Aureobasidium Pullulans strains produced Beta-1,3-1,6 Glucans on Interleukin-6 and D-Dimer levels in COVID-19 patients; results of a randomized multiple-arm pilot clinical study</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Objective: Cytokine storm and Coagulopathy have been implicated as major causes of morbidity and mortality in COVID-19 patients. A black yeast Aureobasidium pullulans AFO 202 strain produced beta 1,3 1,6 glucan has been reported to offer potential immune enhancement and metabolism balancing, as well as mitigation of coagulopathy risks. The N 163 strain produced beta glucan is an efficient anti-inflammatory immune modulator. In this pilot clinical study, we report the beneficial effects of these two beta glucans on the biomarkers for cytokine storm and coagulopathy in COVID-19 patients. Methods: A total of 24 RT PCR positive COVID 19 patients were recruited (Age range: 18~62; 17 males and 7 females). Patients were randomly divided into three groups (Gr): Gr. 1 control (n=8); Gr. 2: AFO-202 beta glucan (n=8); and Gr. 3, a combination of AFO-202 and N-163 beta glucans (n=8). All three groups received the standard care while groups 2 and 3 received additional supplementation of beta glucans for 30 days. In addition to basic clinical parameters, we periodically evaluated D Dimer, IL6, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C reactive protein (CRP), the neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), the lymphocyte to CRP ratio (LCR) and the leukocyte CRP ratio (LeCR). Results: The duration of hospital stay for all three groups was nearly equivalent. There was no mortality of the subjects in any of the groups. Intermittent oxygen was administered from day of admission for up to four to five days with mask (two to four Lpm) to two subjects in Gr. 2 and one subject in Gr. 3. None of the subjects required ventilation. The D Dimer values in Gr. 1, which was on average 751 ng/ml at baseline, decreased to 143.89 ng/ml on day 15, but increased to 202.5 ng/ml on day 30, which in groups 2 and 3 decreased on day 15 and continued to remain at normal levels until day 30. IL6 levels decreased on day 15 from an average of 7.395 pg/ml to 3.16 pg/ml in the control, 26.18 pg/ml to 6.94 pg/ml in Gr. 2 and 6.25 pg/ml to 5.22 pg/ml in Gr. 3. However, when measured on day 30, in Gr. 1, the IL-6 increased to 55.37 pg/ml while there was only slight marginal increase in Gr. 2 but within normal range, and the levels further decreased to less than 0.5 pg/ml in Gr. 3. The same trend was observed with ESR. LCR and LeCR increased significantly in Gr. 3. NLR decreased significantly in groups 2 and 3. There was no difference in CRP within the groups. Conclusion: In this exploratory study, consumption of Aureobasidium pullulans produced beta glucans for thirty days, results in a significant control of IL6, D Dimer and NLR, a significant increase in LCR, LeCR and marginal control of ESR in COVID 19 patients. As these beta glucans are well known food supplements with decades of a track record for safety, based on these results, we recommend larger multi-centric clinical studies to validate their use as an adjunct in the management of COVID-19 and the ensuing long COVID-19 syndrome.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.09.21261738v1" target="_blank">Beneficial Effects of novel Aureobasidium Pullulans strains produced Beta-1,3-1,6 Glucans on Interleukin-6 and D-Dimer levels in COVID-19 patients; results of a randomized multiple-arm pilot clinical study</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>The impact of seasonal factors on the COVID-19 pandemic waves</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
The daily number of new COVID-19 cases per capita is an important characteristic of the pandemic dynamics indicating the appearance of new waves (e.g., caused by new coronavirus strains) and indicate the effectiveness of quarantine, testing and vaccination. Since this characteristic is very random and demonstrates some weekly period, we will use the 7-days smoothing. The second year of the pandemic allows us to compare its dynamics in the spring and the summer of 2020 with the same period in 2021 and investigate the influence of seasonal factors. We have chosen some northern countries and regions: Ukraine, EU, the UK, USA and some countries located in tropical zone and south semi- sphere: India, Brazil, South Africa and Argentina. The dynamics in these regions was compared with COVID-19 pandemic dynamics in the whole world. Some seasonal similarities are visible only for EU and South Africa. In 2021, the southern countries demonstrated the exponential growth, but northern regions showed some stabilization trends.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.06.21261665v1" target="_blank">The impact of seasonal factors on the COVID-19 pandemic waves</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>A Third Dose of SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Increases Neutralizing Antibodies Against Variants of Concern in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Immunocompromised populations are at high risk for severe COVID-19. Vaccine-induced SARS-CoV-2 antibody responses are attenuated in solid organ transplant recipients (SOTRs), and breakthrough infections are more common. Additional SARS-CoV-2 vaccine doses may increase anti-spike antibody titers in some SOTRs, but whether this results in enhanced neutralizing capability, especially versus novel variants of concern (VOCs) that exhibit immune escape and higher infectivity (e.g., the Delta variant), is unclear. Here, we report that a third dose of a SARS-CoV-2 vaccine increases anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike and RBD IgG levels as well as plasma neutralizing capability versus VOCs, including Delta, in some SOTRs. However, anti-spike IgG and neutralizing capability remained significantly reduced compared to fully vaccinated healthy controls. These findings highlight the need for continued study of strategies to improve protection from COVID-19 in immunosuppressed populations as more SARS-CoV-2 VOCs emerge.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article- link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.11.21261914v1" target="_blank">A Third Dose of SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Increases Neutralizing Antibodies Against Variants of Concern in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Associations between COVID-19 Risk Perceptions and Mental Health, Wellbeing, and Risk Behaviours</strong> -
<div>
Background: Mental health has worsened, and substance use has increased for some individuals during the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. Cross-sectional studies suggest that COVID-19 risk perceptions are related to mental health and risk behaviours (potentially including substance use). However, longitudinal and genetic data are needed to support stronger inferences regarding whether these associations reflect causal pathways. Methods: Using cross-sectional, longitudinal, and polygenic risk score (PRS) data from the UK Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC), we examined cross-sectional and prospective associations between COVID-19 risk perceptions and mental health, wellbeing, and risk behaviours. Participants (85% female) were aged between 27-72 years. We used pandemic (April-July 2020) and pre-pandemic (2003-2017) data (ns = 233-5,115). Results: COVID-19 risk perceptions were positively associated with anxiety (OR 2.78, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.20 to 3.52), depression (OR 1.65, 95% CI 1.24 to 2.18), low wellbeing (OR 1.76, 95% CI 1.45 to 2.13), increased alcohol use (OR 1.46, 95% CI 1.24 to 1.72), and COVID-19 prevention behaviours (ps &lt; .05). Pre-pandemic anxiety (OR 1.64, 95% CI 1.29 to 2.09) and low wellbeing (OR 1.41, 95% CI 1.15 to 1.74) were positively associated with COVID-19 risk perceptions. The depression (b 0.21, 95% CI 0.02 to 0.40) and wellbeing (b -0.29, 95% CI -0.48 to -0.09) PRS were associated with higher and lower COVID-19 risk perceptions, respectively. Conclusions: Poorer mental health and wellbeing are associated with higher COVID-19 risk perceptions, and longitudinal and genetic data suggest that they may play a casual role in COVID-19 risk perceptions.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://psyarxiv.com/zup86/" target="_blank">Associations between COVID-19 Risk Perceptions and Mental Health, Wellbeing, and Risk Behaviours</a>
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<li><strong>Scientists, speak up! Source impacts trust in and intentions to comply with health advice cross-culturally</strong> -
<div>
We examined how different types of communication influence peoples responses to health advice. Specifically, we tested whether presenting Covid-19 prevention advice (i.e., washing hands) as either originating from the government or a scientific source would affect peoples trust and intentions to comply with the advice. We also tested the effects of uncertainty framing: We presented the advice as being either certainly or potentially effective in reducing virus spread. To achieve this, we conducted an experiment using largely representative samples (N = 4,561) from the UK, US, Canada, Malaysia, and Taiwan. Overall, across countries, participants found messages more trustworthy when the purported source was science as opposed to government. This effect was stronger for left-wing/liberal participants. Phrasing the advice as certain versus uncertain had little impact on trust and intentions. Together, our findings suggest that health advice should be communicated by scientists rather than governments.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://psyarxiv.com/279yg/" target="_blank">Scientists, speak up! Source impacts trust in and intentions to comply with health advice cross-culturally</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Religious Identity Cues Increase Vaccination Intentions and Trust in Medical Experts among American Christians</strong> -
<div>
Containing the COVID-19 pandemic in the U.S. requires mobilizing a large majority of the mass public to vaccinate, but many Americans are hesitant or opposed to vaccination. A significant predictor of vaccine attitudes in the U.S. is religiosity, with more religious individuals expressing more distrust in science and being less likely to get vaccinated. Here, we test whether explicit cues of common religious identity can help medical experts build trust and increase vaccination intentions. In a pre-registered survey experiment conducted with a sample of unvaccinated American Christians (N=1,765), we presented participants with a vaccine endorsement from a prominent medical expert (NIH Director, Francis Collins) and a short essay about doctors and scientists endorsement of the vaccines. In the common religious identity condition, these materials also highlighted the religious identity of Collins and many medical experts. Unvaccinated Christians in the common identity condition expressed higher trust in medical experts, greater intentions to vaccinate, and greater intentions to promote vaccination to friends and family than those who did not see the common identity cue. These effects were moderated by religiosity, with the strongest effects observed among the most religious participants, and statistically mediated by heightened perceptions of shared values with the medical expert endorsing the vaccine. These findings demonstrate the efficacy of common identity cues for promoting vaccination in a vaccine-hesitant subpopulation. More generally, the results illustrate how trust in science can be built through the invocation of common group identities, even identities often assumed to be in tension with science.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://osf.io/preprints/socarxiv/7hrf2/" target="_blank">Religious Identity Cues Increase Vaccination Intentions and Trust in Medical Experts among American Christians</a>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>COVID-19 in hospitalized patients in 4 hospitals in San Isidro, Buenos Aires, Argentina</strong> -
<div>
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In December 2019, a novel illness called coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID 19) was described in China and became pandemic in a few months. The first case was detected in Argentina on March 3, 2020. A multicentre prospective observational cohort study on hospitalized patients with COVID 19 was conducted in 4 hospitals in San Isidro district from March 1, 2020 to October 31. Data was obtained by the attendant physician. 668 patients were included, the median age was 54 years, and 42.7% were female. Male sex and older age were associated with COVID 19 disease and more strongly with severity. Most frequent symptoms were fever and cough followed by dyspnoea, myalgia, odynophagia, headache, anosmia, and diarrhoea. Nonsevere patients had more upper respiratory symptoms while severe patients had mainly lower respiratory symptoms on admission. Most common comorbidities were arterial hypertension, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. A great proportion of patients had normal thorax X ray and ground-glass opacity in tomography. In severe patients, radiography and tomography had a predominant ground glass pattern, but normal radiography and tomography on presentation were present in 22% and 5.9%, respectively. The absence of fever and normal radiology on admission neither excluded the disease nor further severity. PCR elevation was related with COVID 19 disease and with severity, while lymphopenia was more related with the disease and leukocytosis and thrombocytopenia with severity. 8, 4% of patients were health care workers. The mortality rate was 12.4%, 32.7% in severe patients and 61.2% in ventilated patients. Mortality was higher in the public hospital, probably associated with patients with older age and more comorbidities. All these observations can contribute to the knowledge of this disease in terms of diagnosis and prognosis.
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<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.30.21261220v2" target="_blank">COVID-19 in hospitalized patients in 4 hospitals in San Isidro, Buenos Aires, Argentina</a>
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<ul>
<li><strong>MALDI-ToF Protein Profiling as Potential Rapid Diagnostic Platform for COVID-19</strong> -
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More than a year after the COVID-19 pandemic has been declared, the need still exists for accurate, rapid, inexpensive and non-invasive diagnostic methods that yield high specificity and sensitivity towards the current and newly emerging SARS-CoV-2 strains. Several studies have since established saliva as a more amenable specimen type for early detection of SARS-CoV-2 as compared to nasopharyngeal swabs. Considering the limitations and high demand for COVID-19 testing, we employed MALDI-ToF mass spectrometry for the analysis of 60 gargle samples from human donors and compared the spectra with their COVID-19 status. Several standards including isolated human serum immunoglobulins and controls such as pre-COVID-19 saliva and heat inactivated SARS-CoV-2 virus were simultaneously analyzed to provide a relative view of the saliva and viral proteome as they would appear in this works methodology. Five potential biomarker peaks were established that demonstrated high concordance with COVID-19 positive individuals. Overall, the agreement of these results with RT-qPCR testing on NP swabs was no less than 90% for the studied cohort, which consisted of young and largely asymptomatic student athletes. From a clinical standpoint, the results from this pilot study are promising and suggest that MALDI-ToF can be used to develop a relatively rapid and inexpensive COVID-19 assay.
</p>
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<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.26.21257798v2" target="_blank">MALDI-ToF Protein Profiling as Potential Rapid Diagnostic Platform for COVID-19</a>
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<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-clinical-trials">From Clinical Trials</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Pulmonary Rehabilitation Post-COVID-19</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Other: Exercise program (virtual/remote)<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   University of Manitoba;   Health Sciences Centre Foundation, Manitoba;   Health Sciences Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Study of Allogeneic Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells to Treat Post COVID-19 “Long Haul” Pulmonary Compromise</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   Covid19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Biological: COVI-MSC;   Biological: Placebo<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Sorrento Therapeutics, Inc.<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Mix and Match Heterologous Prime-Boost Study Using Approved COVID-19 Vaccines in Mozambique</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   Covid19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Biological: BBIBP-CorV - Inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine (Vero cell);   Biological: AZD1222 (replication-deficient Ad type 5 vector expressing full-length spike protein)<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   International Vaccine Institute;   The Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations (CEPI);   Instituto Nacional de Saúde (INS), Mozambique;   University of Antananarivo;   International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh;   Harvard University;   Heidelberg University<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Double Blind Randomized Clinical Trial of Use of Colchicine Added to Standard Treatment in Hospitalized With Covid-19</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19 Infection<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Drug: Colchcine<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:  <br/>
Asociacion Instituto Biodonostia<br/><b>Active, not recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>ACTIV-5 / Big Effect Trial (BET-C) for the Treatment of COVID-19</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Drug: Danicopan;   Other: Placebo;   Drug: Remdesivir<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>COVID-19 Methylene Blue Antiviral Treatment</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   Covid19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Drug: Methylene Blue;   Drug: Saline nasal spray<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   Irkutsk Scientific Center of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences;   Irkutsk State Medical University<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Project FLUx COntact-CoVID-19 Faculty of Medicine Paris-Saclay</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   Covid19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Other: Antigenic tests (on saliva samples);   Other: Individual electronic sensor port;   Other: Atmospheric measurements of CO2<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:  <br/>
Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Phase I/II Study of COVID-19 DNA Vaccine (AG0302-COVID19 High-dose)</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19 Lower Respiratory Infection<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Biological: AG0302-COVID19 for Intramuscular Injection;   Biological: AG0302-COVID19 for Intradermal Injection<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   AnGes, Inc.;   Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>COVID-19 Administration of Single-Dose Subcutaneous or Intramuscular Anti- Spike(s) SARS-CoV-2 Monoclonal Antibodies Casirivimab and Imdevimab in High-Risk Pediatric Participants Under 12 Years of Age</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Drug: casirivimab and imdevimab<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:  <br/>
Regeneron Pharmaceuticals<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Reactogenicity, Safety, and Immunogenicity of Covid-19 Vaccine Booster</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   Covid19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Biological: Placebo;   Biological: Inactivated vaccine booster;   Biological: mRNA vaccine booster;   Drug: Viral vector vaccine booster<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   Universidad del Desarrollo;   Ministry of Health, Chile;   University of Chile;   Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile<br/><b>Active, not recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Relaxation Exercise in Patients With COVID-19</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   Covid19<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Other: Relaxation technique<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Beni- Suef University<br/><b>Completed</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Trial of Recombinant Novel Coronavirus Vaccine (Adenovirus Type 5 Vector, Ad5-nCoV) in Adults Living With HIV</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   Covid19<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Biological: Recombinant Novel Coronavirus Vaccine (Adenovirus Type 5 Vector) (Ad5-nCoV)<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   Fundación Huésped;   Canadian Center for Vaccinology;   CanSino Biologics Inc.;   Hospital Fernandez<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Clinical Trial to Assess the Efficacy and Safety of Inhaled AQ001S in the Management of Acute COVID-19 Symptoms</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   Covid19<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Drug: Drug, inhalation<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:  <br/>
Aquilon Pharmaceuticals S.A.<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A Study to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of Artemisinin- a Herbal Supplement on COVID-19 Subjects</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   Covid19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Dietary Supplement: Artemisinin;   Drug: Dexamethasone<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   Mateon Therapeutics;   Windlas Biotech Private Limited<br/><b>Completed</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Efficacy, Immunogenicity and Safety of COVID-19 Vaccine , Inactivated in Children and Adolescents</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Biological: Inactivated COVID-19 Vaccine;   Biological: Controlled vaccine<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Sinovac Research and Development Co., Ltd.<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-pubmed">From PubMed</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Zinc thiotropolone combinations as inhibitors of the SARS-CoV-2 main protease</strong> - Numerous organic molecules are known to inhibit the main protease of SARS-CoV-2, (SC2Mpro), a key component in viral replication of the 2019 novel coronavirus. We explore the hypothesis that zinc ions, long used as a medicinal supplement and known to support immune function, bind to the SC2Mpro enzyme in combination with lipophilic tropolone and thiotropolone ligands, L, block substrate docking, and inhibit function. This study combines synthetic inorganic chemistry, in vitro protease activity…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Extrapolation for COVID Diagnosis and Vaccine Development</strong> - Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) led to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic affecting nearly 71.2 million humans in more than 191 countries, with more than 1.6 million mortalities as of 12 December, 2020. The spike glycoprotein (S-protein), anchored onto the virus envelope, is the trimer of S-protein comprised of S1 and S2 domains which interacts with host cell receptors and facilitates virus-cell membrane fusion. The S1 domain comprises of a receptor binding…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Combination Treatment With Remdesivir and Ivermectin Exerts Highly Synergistic and Potent Antiviral Activity Against Murine Coronavirus Infection</strong> - The recent COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the urgency to develop effective antiviral therapies against the disease. Murine hepatitis virus (MHV) is a coronavirus that infects mice and shares some sequence identity to SARS-CoV-2. Both viruses belong to the Betacoronavirus genus, and MHV thus serves as a useful and safe surrogate model for SARS-CoV-2 infections. Clinical trials have indicated that remdesivir is a potentially promising antiviral drug against COVID-19. Using an in vitro model of…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Identification of lead compounds from large natural product library targeting 3C-like protease of SARS-CoV-2 using E-pharmacophore modelling, QSAR and molecular dynamics simulation</strong> - COVID-19 is a novel disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 and has made a catastrophic impact on the global economy. As it is, there is no officially FDA approved drug to alleviate the negative impact of SARS-CoV-2 on human health. Numerous drug targets for neutralizing coronavirus infection have been identified, among them is 3-chymotrypsin-like-protease (3CL^(pro)), a viral protease responsible for the viral replication is chosen for this study. This study aimed at finding novel inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Discovery of Small Molecule Entry Inhibitors Targeting the Fusion Peptide of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein</strong> - SARS-CoV-2 entry into host cells relies on the spike (S) protein binding to the human ACE2 receptor. In this study, we investigated the structural dynamics of the viral S protein at the fusion peptide (FP) domain and small molecule binding for therapeutics development. Following comparative modeling analysis and docking studies of our previously identified fusion inhibitor chlorcyclizine, we performed a pharmacophore-based virtual screen and identified two novel chemotypes of entry inhibitors…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Combination of a Sindbis-SARS-CoV-2 Spike Vaccine and alphaOX40 Antibody Elicits Protective Immunity Against SARS- CoV-2 Induced Disease and Potentiates Long-Term SARS-CoV-2-Specific Humoral and T-Cell Immunity</strong> - The COVID-19 pandemic caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 is a major global public threat. Currently, a worldwide effort has been mounted to generate billions of effective SARS-CoV-2 vaccine doses to immunize the worlds population at record speeds. However, there is still a demand for alternative effective vaccines that rapidly confer long-term protection and rely upon cost-effective, easily scaled-up manufacturing. Here, we present a Sindbis alphavirus vector (SV), transiently expressing the…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Diverse Effects of Exosomes on COVID-19: A Perspective of Progress From Transmission to Therapeutic Developments</strong> - Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a new strain of coronavirus and the causative agent of the current global pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). There are currently no FDA-approved antiviral drugs for COVID-19 and there is an urgent need to develop treatment strategies that can effectively suppress SARS-CoV-2 infection. Numerous approaches have been researched so far, with one of them being the emerging exosome-based therapies. Exosomes are nano-sized,…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Drug Design Strategies for the Treatment of Viral Disease. Plant Phenolic Compounds and Their Derivatives</strong> - The coronavirus pandemic (SARS CoV-2) that has existed for over a year, constantly forces scientists to search for drugs against this virus. In silico research and selected experimental data have shown that compounds of natural origin such as phenolic acids and flavonoids have promising antiviral potential. Phenolic compounds inhibit multiplication of viruses at various stages of the viral life cycle, e.g., attachment (disturbance of the interaction between cellular and viral receptors),…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>How SARS-CoV-2 might affect potassium balance via impairing epithelial sodium channels?</strong> - Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronaviruses 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the causative agent of current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Electrolyte disorders particularly potassium abnormalities have been repeatedly reported as common clinical manifestations of COVID-19. Here, we discuss how SARS-CoV-2 may affect potassium balance by impairing the activity of epithelial sodium channels (ENaC). The first hypothesis could justify the incidence of hypokalemia. SARS-CoV-2 cell entry through…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Safety, reactogenicity, and immunogenicity of homologous and heterologous prime-boost immunisation with ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 and BNT162b2: a prospective cohort study</strong> - BACKGROUND: Heterologous vaccine regimens have been widely discussed as a way to mitigate intermittent supply shortages and to improve immunogenicity and safety of COVID-19 vaccines. We aimed to assess the reactogenicity and immunogenicity of heterologous immunisations with ChAdOx1 nCov-19 (AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK) and BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNtech, Mainz, Germany) compared with homologous BNT162b2 and ChAdOx1 nCov-19 immunisation.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Endoplasmic reticulum stress and NF-kB activation in SARS-CoV-2 infected cells and their response to antiviral therapy</strong> - Unfolded protein response (UPR) and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress are aspects of SARS-CoV-2-host cell interaction with proposed role in the cytopathic and inflammatory pathogenesis of this viral infection. The role of the NF-kB pathway in these cellular processes remains poorly characterized. When investigated in VERO-E6 cells, SARS-CoV-2 infection was found to markedly stimulate NF-kB protein expression and activity. NF-kB activation occurs early in the infection process (6 hpi) and it is…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Cardiovascular ACE2 receptor expression in patients undergoing heart transplantation</strong> - CONCLUSIONS: These data provide a comprehensive characterization of membrane-bound cardiac ACE2 expression in patients with heart failure with no demonstrable effect exerted by ACE inhibitors.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>In-vivo protection from SARS-CoV-2 infection by ATN-161 in k18-hACE2 transgenic mice</strong> - Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is an infectious disease that has spread worldwide. Current treatments are limited in both availability and efficacy, such that improving our understanding of the factors that facilitate infection is urgently needed to more effectively treat infected individuals and to curb the pandemic. We and others have previously demonstrated the significance of interactions between the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, integrin α5β1, and human ACE2 to…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>EGCG as an anti-SARS-CoV-2 agent: Preventive versus therapeutic potential against original and mutant virus</strong> - In the search for anti-SARS-CoV-2 drugs, much attention is given to safe and widely available native compounds. The green tea component epigallocatechin 3 gallate (EGCG) is particularly promising because it reportedly inhibits viral replication and viral entry in vitro. However, conclusive evidence for its predominant activity is needed. We tested EGCG effects on the native virus isolated from COVID-19 patients in two independent series of experiments using VERO cells and two different treatment…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Involvement of Inflammation in Venous Thromboembolic Disease: An Update in the Age of COVID-19</strong> - The inflammatory process is strongly involved in the pathophysiology of venous thromboembolism (VTE) and has a significant role in disease prediction. Inflammation most probably represents a common denominator through which classical and nonclassical risk factors stimulate thrombotic process. Inflammation of the venous wall promotes the release of tissue factor, inhibits the release of anticoagulant factors, and hampers endogenous fibrinolysis. Systemic inflammatory response also inhibits…</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-patent-search">From Patent Search</h1>
<ul>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>자외선살균등</strong> - 본 발명은 사람의 의복이나 사용한 마스크 등에 부착하여 있다 호흡기로 유입되어 감염을 유발할 수 있는 COVID-19와 같은 유해균류를 간편하게 살균하기 위한 휴대용 자와선살균등에 관한 것이다. 반감기가 길고 인체에 유해한 오존을 발생하지 않으면서 탁월한 살균능력이 있는 250~265nm(최적은 253.7nm) 파장의 자외선을 발광하는 자외선램프를 본 발명의 막대형의 자외선살균등 광원으로 사용하고 비광원부를 손으로 잡고 의복이나 사용한 마스크 등 유해균류가 부착되었을 것으로 의심되는 곳에 자외선을 조사하여 간편하게 유해균류를 살균하므로써 감염을 예방하기 위한 휴대용 자외선살균등에 관함 것이다. - <a href="https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=KR332958765">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Cabina de desinfección de doble carga exterior</strong> - - <a href="https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=ES331945699">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Camellia nitidissima C.W.Chi Caffeine and Chlorogenic acid composition for anti-SARS-CoV-2 and preparation method and application thereof</strong> - - <a href="https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=AU331907401">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A Novel Method COVID -19 infection using Deep Learning Based System</strong> - - <a href="https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=AU331907400">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>EMPUNADURA DE RAQUETA O PALA PARA JUEGO DE PELOTA CON DISPENSADOR LIQUIDO POR CAPILARIDAD INSERTADO</strong> - - <a href="https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=ES331563132">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR COVID- 19 DIAGNOSIS USING DETECTION RESULTS FROM CHEST X- RAY IMAGES</strong> - - <a href="https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=AU330927328">link</a></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>System zum computergestützten Nachverfolgen einer von einer Person durchzuführenden Prozedur</strong> -
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Ein System (2000) zum computergestützten Nachverfolgen einer von einer Person (1) durchzuführenden Testprozedur, insbesondere für einen Virusnachweistest, bevorzugt zur Durchführung eines SARS-CoV-2 Tests, wobei das System (2000) umfasst:</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">eine Identifizierungseinheit eines Endgeräts (30), die eingerichtet ist zum Identifizieren (201) der Person</li>
</ul>
<ol type="1">
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">unmittelbar vor einem Durchführen der Testprozedur durch die Person (1);</li>
</ol>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">wobei die Identifizierungseinheit des Endgeräts (30) weiter eingerichtet ist zum Identifizieren (202) zumindest eines Testobjekts (20), bevorzugt einer Testkassette, insbesondere für einen SARS-CoV-2 Test, mehr bevorzugt eines Teststreifens, weiter bevorzugt ein Reagenz in einem Behälter, weiter bevorzugt eines Testsensors, unmittelbar vor der Durchführung der Testprozedur, die Identifizierungseinheit aufweisend:</li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">eine Kamera (31) des Endgeräts (30), eingerichtet zum Erfassen (2021) eines Objektidentifizierungsdatensatzes (21) als maschinenlesbaren Datensatz; und</li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">eine Auswerteeinheit (33) des Endgeräts (30), eingerichtet zum Vergleichen (2022) des erfassten Objektidentifizierungsdatensatzes (21) mit einem Objektdatensatz</li>
</ul>
<ol start="420" type="1">
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">eines Hintergrundsystems (40);</li>
</ol>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">eine Nachverfolgungseinheit des Endgeräts (30), die eingerichtet ist zum Nachverfolgen (203) einer oder mehrerer Positionen der Person (1) während der Durchführung der Testprozedur mittels Methoden computergestützter Gesten- und/oder Muster- und/oder Bilderkennung mittels eines Prüfens, ob beide Hände (12) der Person (1) während der gesamten Durchführung der Testprozedur in einem vordefinierten Bereich oder einem von der Kamera (31a) des Endgeräts (30) erfassbaren Bereich sind;</li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">die Nachverfolgungseinheit des Endgeräts (30), zudem eingerichtet zum Nachverfolgen (203) von einer oder mehreren Positionen des zumindest einen Testobjekts (20) anhand der Form des Objekts während der Durchführung der Testprozedur mittels Methoden computergestützter Gesten- und/oder Muster- und/oder Bilderkennung; und</li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">einer Anzeigeeinheit (34) des Endgeräts, eingerichtet zum Anleiten (204) der Person (1) zum Durchführen der Testprozedur während der Durchführung der Testprozedur.</li>
</ul>
<img alt="embedded image" id="EMI-D00000"/>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"></p>
<ul>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><a href="https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=DE333370869">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Mascarilla impermeable</strong> - - <a href="https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=ES329916792">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>基于细胞膜展示冠状病毒免疫原以诱导中和抗体的方法</strong> - 本申请公开了一种基于细胞膜展示冠状病毒免疫原以诱导中和抗体的方法。具体而言本公开中提供了一种在其细胞膜表面展示新型冠状病毒SARSCoV2刺突蛋白S的细胞包含所述细胞的针对新型冠状病毒SARSCoV2的疫苗或疫苗组合所述细胞在制备用于预防或治疗新型冠状病毒SARSCoV2的疫苗中的应用及其制备方法。本公开的细胞和疫苗能够在体内高效活化B细胞诱导中和抗体应答在预防和降低新冠病毒感染中有广泛的应用前景。 - <a href="https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=CN332882580">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>硫代咪唑烷酮药物在治疗COVID-19疾病中的用途</strong> - 本发明属于医药技术领域具体涉及一种硫代咪唑烷酮药物或其药学上可接受的盐在制备用于治疗ACE2和TMPRSS2蛋白失调相关疾病的药物中的用途尤其是在制备用于治疗COVID19疾病的药物中的用途。 - <a href="https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=CN332882591">link</a></p></li>
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<h1 data-aos="fade-down" id="daily-dose">Daily-Dose</h1>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" data-aos-anchor-placement="top-bottom" id="contents">Contents</h1>
<ul>
<li><a href="#from-new-yorker">From New Yorker</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-vox">From Vox</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-the-hindu-sports">From The Hindu: Sports</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-the-hindu-national-news">From The Hindu: National News</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-bbc-europe">From BBC: Europe</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-ars-technica">From Ars Technica</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-jokes-subreddit">From Jokes Subreddit</a></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-new-yorker">From New Yorker</h1>
<ul>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>The Vindication of Andrew Cuomos Accusers</strong> - Charlotte Bennett, Lindsey Boylan, and Ron Kim discuss their roles in bringing about the New York Governors reckoning. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/our-local-correspondents/the-vindication-of-andrew-cuomos-accusers">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>“Not Our Tragedy”: the Taliban Are Coming Back, and America Is Still Leaving</strong> - President Biden made it very clear this week that were out of Afghanistan, no matter what. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/letter-from-bidens-washington/not-our-tragedy-the-taliban-are-coming-back-and-%20america-is-still-leaving">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Frances Vaccination-Pass Experiment</strong> - An expert in French politics discusses Emmanuel Macrons approach to vaccination policy and how the current wave of protests in France differs from the American anti-vaccine movement. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/q-and-a/frances-vaccination-pass-experiment">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Does the Great Retreat from Afghanistan Mark the End of the American Era?</strong> - Its a dishonorable end that weakens U.S. standing in the world, perhaps irrevocably. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/our-columnists/does-the-great-retreat-from-afghanistan-mark-the-end-of-the-%20american-era">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>How America Failed in Afghanistan</strong> - The New Yorker staff writer Steve Coll on the humanitarian catastrophe that is now likely to engulf Afghan civilians, and how Joe Biden is shifting the blame. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/q-and-a/how-america-failed-in-afghanistan">link</a></p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-vox">From Vox</h1>
<ul>
<li><strong>One Good Thing: A family drama that takes the deaf audience seriously</strong> -
<figure>
<img alt="A girl looks out a car window and signs “love” in ASL." src="https://cdn.vox-
cdn.com/thumbor/T84NmJEFkEpwuXXmmParZhIrxj0=/269x0:3032x2072/1310x983/cdn.vox-
cdn.com/uploads/chorus_image/image/69730843/CODA_Photo_0105.0.jpg"/>
<figcaption>
Emilia Jones in <em>CODA</em>. | Apple
</figcaption>
</figure>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
CODA is a big-hearted crowdpleaser about a teen, her dreams, and her family.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Gk8VgQ">
Theres a particular flavor of family coming-of-age movie that I associate with the 1990s — movies like <em>Beethoven</em> or <em>Free Willy </em>or <em>Mrs. Doubtfire</em>. Some are screwball comedies, others far more sober, and theyre always sentimental, but in a good way. Ordinary people learn important lessons about love, belonging, and maturity, and maybe we do too.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="G80JBz">
<em>CODA </em>isnt about kids — its teenaged protagonist is about to finish high school — but it gave me the same cozy feeling when it premiered at <a href="https://www.vox.com/22260319/sundance-2021-best-movies-streaming">the (virtual) Sundance Film Festival</a> in January. I wasnt alone. Though we were on our couches instead of crowded into theaters in Utah, you could still feel the buzz, mostly on Twitter. (And it literally paid off, when Apple <a href="https://www.indiewire.com/2021/01/apples-25-million-plus-coda-acquisition-smashes-sundance-sales-
record-1234613190/">bought the film for a record $25 million</a>; the film is being released in theaters and on Apple TV+ simultaneously.)
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="u5Fs9A">
Theres always some hype involved with big Sundance films, but the audiences response made plenty of sense in this case. <em>CODA </em>follows a coming-of-age formula that feels familiar, and like the movies I remember from my youth, its a little corny at times. But its also fresh and innovative in important ways — and it absolutely won my heart.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="wiwvhb">
“Coda” is <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coda_(music)">a musical term</a>, referring to the last bit of music before the end of a piece — the finale, the conclusion. But its also an acronym for <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Child_of_deaf_adult">child of deaf adult</a>, which Ruby Rossi (the excellent Emilia Jones) is. Ruby is the only hearing member of her family, which is also comprised of her older brother Leo (Daniel Durant) and parents Frank (Troy Kotsur) and Jackie (Marlee Matlin, who is also the only deaf performer to have won an Oscar). Ruby has spent her life as her familys de facto translator. The Rossis live in Gloucester, Massachusetts, and own a small fishing business, though theyre increasingly struggling to get by.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="iS20b5">
Ruby is finishing high school and loves to sing; her music teacher (Eugenio Derbez) encourages her to consider studying music in college, but shes not even sure that college is a possibility. Her family hasnt always felt welcome in the wider community, and they need her. And of course, theres a boy in the picture.
</p>
<figure class="e-image">
<img alt="Four people in a crowd of people clap and smile for something that is happening on
stage." src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/UdKkJqMOuXSP51kF5_0ZBW1WtCs=/800x0/filters:no_upscale()/cdn.vox-
cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22778773/Photo_02.jpg"/> <cite>Apple</cite>
<figcaption>
Amy Forsyth, Daniel Durant, Marlee Matlin, and Troy Kotsur in <em>CODA</em>.
</figcaption>
</figure>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="4I8De0">
Rubys struggle to balance her own ambitions with her family forms the backbone of the movie, but each of the Rossis is on their own journey, imagining what the future might be like for them once this chapter of life is over. (Thats where the double meaning of “coda” comes in.) Its a very funny film, heartfelt and heartwarming, full of music and love.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="y3FCxm">
<em>CODA</em> is the rare movie that not only features mostly deaf characters in the lead roles, but also cast deaf actors — Durant, Kotsur, and Matlin are all deaf. In a post-screening Q&amp;A for Sundance, writer and director Sian Heder (who is hearing) described working to learn American Sign Language while writing the screenplay and using it on set. Thats highly unusual in an industry where <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2017/10/27/movies/wonderstruck-deaf-actors-millicent-simmonds.html">most deaf roles still go to hearing actors</a>, despite plenty of deaf actors struggling to find work. The trend has been shifting, albeit at a glacial pace; Millicent Simmonds, who stars in the <em>Quiet Place</em> movies, is deaf, for instance.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="POlGvK">
Some <a href="https://jennafischtrombea.com/2021/08/13/coda-review/">deaf critics have raised important issues with the film on a story level</a> — theres still a long way to go in crafting films that dont inadvertently pass along messages that can be harmful.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="ZrlO9p">
Yet it remains true that <em>CODA</em> is unusual, particularly among audience-friendly films, in that it works to level the experiences of both the hearing and deaf characters through its filmmaking. In a number of scenes, for instance, the sound drops out, letting the audience experience whats happening the same way the Rossi family does. Coupled with abundant use of sign language throughout the film, it feels like a movement forward.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="xkEG7r">
And in a groundbreaking step, all theatrical screenings of <em>CODA</em> will utilize “<a href="https://dcmp.org/learn/34-described-and-captioned-movies-at-local-
theaters#:~:text=Most%20people%20use%20the%20terms,adjustment%20required%20by%20the%20audience.">open captions</a>,” which means the subtitles will be on the screen itself rather than <a href="https://www.nad.org/resources/technology/caption-access-in-movie-theaters/">requiring special glasses</a> to see them, which can be defective or hard on the eyes. Some films (including last years Oscar-nominated <a href="https://www.vox.com/22364083/sound-of-metal-review-best-picture-oscars-roundtable"><em>Sound of Metal</em></a>) have done select open caption screenings, but <em>CODA</em> is the first to do it for all screenings.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="byAvsA">
That all of this is happening in such a friendly, fun, and occasionally tear-jerking film — one that revolves around a teenagers musical aspirations, no less — feels like a balm. <em>CODA</em> is the definition of an easy-to-watch movie, comfort food for weary souls. But the old and maybe even hackneyed tropes are invigorated by the movies originality, and the result is joyful, sweet, and well worth watching.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="42oUFk">
CODA <em>is playing in theaters and streaming on Apple TV+.</em>
</p></li>
<li><strong>Why no one really knows how bad Facebooks vaccine misinformation problem is</strong> -
<figure>
<img alt="" src="https://cdn.vox-
cdn.com/thumbor/_yJ6izm6-huaL0xbQkdA1OySSus=/167x0:2834x2000/1310x983/cdn.vox-
cdn.com/uploads/chorus_image/image/69730629/GettyImages_1287191706_copy.0.jpg"/>
<figcaption>
Getty Images/iStockphoto
</figcaption>
</figure>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Some researchers say that Facebook isnt being transparent enough about Covid-19 content on its platform.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="4TQHSj">
Is Facebook “killing people” by enabling the spread of Covid-19 misinformation, as President Joe Biden <a href="https://www.cnbc.com/2021/07/16/white-house-says-facebook-
needs-to-do-more-to-fight-vaccine-misinformation.html">said a few weeks ago</a>? Or is the social media company efficiently purging Covid-19 misinformation from its platform and showing millions of people information about where to get vaccinated, as the company <a href="https://about.fb.com/news/2021/07/support-for-covid-19-vaccines-is-high-on-
facebook-and-growing/">argued a day later</a> in its response to the president?
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="7K3ffm">
Biden partially walked back his comments, but the reality is we simply dont know the true size or effect of Covid-19 misinformation on Facebook and Facebook-owned Instagram. Thats in large part because Facebook isnt giving researchers enough of the real-time data they need to figure out exactly how much Covid-19 misinformation is on the platform, whos seeing it, and how its impacting their willingness to get vaccinated. Researchers say they need this kind of data to understand the scope of the misinformation problem, which misleading messages are resonating with people, and how public health officials can counter them.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="QwfFc1">
“Right now, were guessing [on] a lot of stuff,” said Katherine Ognyanova, an associate professor of communications at Rutgers University who participates in the <a href="https://covidstates.org/">Covid States project</a>, a research group that surveys people about their social media use and Covid-19 behaviors. “We can ask people questions. But Facebook truly has the data about what people have seen and how their attention is being devoted on the platform.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="m3wzrv">
Over a dozen independent researchers who regularly study Facebook, including six who are specifically researching the spread of information about Covid-19, told Recode that the company makes it difficult for people studying the platform to access vital information, including how many times people viewed Covid-related articles, what health misinformation Facebook takes down, and whats being shared on private pages and groups.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="3vYfrf">
Facebook does have some programs, like the Social Science One data- sharing initiative, to give researchers more detailed information than is publicly available. But some say that the process for receiving that data takes too long to keep up with the ever-changing Covid-19 situation. This has led researchers to use alternative methods to log posts manually, run opt-in user studies, or design independent surveys, and Facebook has sometimes disputed the results of those who do these workarounds.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="3vbJMj">
Researchers arent just clamoring for more information about Facebook, either. YouTube, Twitter, and other social media networks also have troves of data about Covid-19 misinformation that could help researchers. But because Facebook is the largest social media platform for sharing news — one where many posts are private — the company is central to the debate about transparency in Big Tech and the societal impacts of its products.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="zpOgWU">
Facebook VP of global affairs Nick Clegg <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jZ9p03GHcJk">said that the company</a> is “already committed to providing unprecedented data sets to independent researchers” and that “everyone always wants more, and we will always seek to do more,” when asked about the issue of researcher data access at a recent event hosted by the nonprofit Freedom House.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="WCpDwI">
Meanwhile, several academics Recode spoke with say that a lack of access to Facebook data is limiting their ability to understand how many people are seeing Covid-19 misinformation that could be causing vaccine hesitancy in the US. Its an increasingly urgent issue as the delta variant of the virus spreads across the country, infecting tens of thousands of new people daily. Only about half the population is fully vaccinated, and an estimated <a href="https://news.gallup.com/opinion/polling-matters/352976/vaccine-hesitancy-public-opinion.aspx">20 percent of Americans remain unwilling to get the shot</a>.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="32KHbF">
Researcher access to how social media spreads online is “profoundly important” to overcoming vaccine hesitancy in the US, according to Surgeon General Vivek Murthy, whose office recently <a href="https://www.vox.com/recode/2021/7/15/22578924/surgeon-general-vivek-murthy-misinformation-
covid-vaccine-social-media-public-health-threat">put out a report</a> calling misinformation a threat to public health.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="2utIwc">
“The data gap means we are flying blind. We dont know the extent of the problem. We dont know whats working to solve the problem. We dont know whos most impacted by the problem,” Murthy told Recode.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="V6NEl3">
More accurate research data is “absolutely essential for us to be able to take targeted effective action to address misinformation,” he added. “The fact that you dont have it is hampering us at a time when misinformation is actively harming peoples health.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="fkdc5S">
Facebooks contentious relationship with researchers recently <a href="https://www.vox.com/recode/22612151/laura-edelson-facebook-nyu-ad-observatory-social-media-researcher">attracted headlines, after the company cut off access</a> to the accounts of a group of outside researchers at NYUs Ad Observatory, which was monitoring political ads on the platform. Facebook said it revoked the groups access because of privacy concerns, but the Ad Observatory argued that the studys participants were all opt-in volunteers, who willingly shared information about what ads they were seeing on Facebook for research purposes. The groups leader said Facebook is “silencing” research that “calls attention to problems” with how the company handles political ads. The Ad Observatory was also helping with some Covid-19 misinformation research.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="HNganw">
There are, however, legitimate privacy reasons for Facebook to be hesitant about giving researchers carte blanche to study user data. Since <a href="https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2018/3/23/17151916/facebook-cambridge-analytica-trump-diagram">the Cambridge Analytica scandal in 2016</a>, when a psychology researcher exploited the private information of up to 87 million Facebook users for political purposes, Facebook has been more guarded about how it shares information with academics. But researchers say there are still ways for Facebook to share anonymized data, such as a list of the most viewed articles in real time or aggregated information about which Covid-19 topics are popular with certain demographics of people.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="bWzPPp">
“Its defensible on the part of Facebook that they want to protect the data of an everyday person,” Rachel Moran, a researcher studying Covid-19 misinformation on social media at the University of Washingtons Information School, told Recode. “But in trying to understand actually how much misinformation is on Facebook, and how its being interacted with on a daily basis, we need to know more.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="9faIqd">
While preserving user privacy is a laudable goal, the concern among the academic community is that Facebook is effectively using this rationale as a shield against critics who want more open access to the platform. And now more than ever, this access could be critical in helping researchers and public health experts understand what kinds of false narratives about Covid-19 are affecting vulnerable communities and how to allocate resources to help them.
</p>
<h3 id="DaKQyX">
How researchers are getting around the data gap
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="2fiRgF">
Facebook offers a few tools to people studying the platform, like the real-time analytics platform Crowdtangle and <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/2020/04/20/how-data-can-aid-fight-against-covid-19/">regular survey results about Facebook users Covid-19 symptoms</a> and <a href="https://covidsurvey.mit.edu/">attitudes about Covid-19, including vaccines</a>. The company also supplies a special data set to the <a href="https://socialscience.one/">Social Science One consortium of academics</a>.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="XH4qbS">
But these resources — while helpful — arent enough to keep up with the constantly evolving barrage of Covid-19 misinformation, and to truly understand how it impacts their behavior, according to several leading social media researchers.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="yDPwAk">
So academics have devised their own manual methods to gather data, including independent surveys and opt-in user experiments.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="tGL6wh">
“We often try and take an embedded approach where were like, Okay, so if I was an average Facebook user, how would I encounter this information?’” said Moran. “I have a poor research assistant who literally is charged with manually capturing each story, each video that comes up, because theres no way of accessing that information otherwise.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="vaQdSz">
Moran and her staff can spend “hours and hours” poring over Instagram stories of popular misinformation influencers, where users are slipping in bogus claims about Covid-19. While useful in understanding the tactics that influencers use to deceive their audiences, that kind of time-consuming research is ultimately just a small snapshot of the larger Facebook ecosystem.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="HHHwEK">
To get a grasp on what Covid-19 misinformation may be going viral, many researchers use Crowdtangle as a starting point. This Facebook-owned tool lets researchers look up how many times a specific URL has been shared or reacted to on Facebook. Crowdtangle does not give researchers certain key metrics, though, like how many people view a post and whats circulating on peoples private Facebook profiles as opposed to public pages. These details can be more important than how many people share or react to it.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="aFie20">
Facebook itself acknowledges the limitations of Crowdtangle data but still declines to share more accurate data about what the most popular content is on its platform. It would be “extremely easy,” for example, for Facebook to release an up-to- date list of the most viewed websites that people link to on its platform, without raising any concerns over user privacy, according to David Rothschild, an economist at Microsoft Research. But Facebook has historically refused to release even high-level, aggregate data like this.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="8YlEEv">
“Its baffling,” Rothschild said. “Just baffling.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="FY4eDg">
Without more data access from Facebook about what people are seeing and whats being taken down, researchers say theyre trying to crack open a black box. Making matters more difficult, Facebook and other social media companies are constantly changing their features and tweaking their algorithms, which can render researchers homegrown methods for studying the social network useless.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="7ykzvN">
“Just when you think that you have a set of tools and scripts and codes coming from these platforms, they make some changes and you have to start over,” said Rutgerss Ognyanova. “So thats kind of the plight of social media researchers.”
</p>
<h3 id="zGiA9V">
Facebooks history of criticizing outside research
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="G9PQ2x">
David Lazer leads the <a href="https://covidstates.org/">Covid States Project</a>, one of the top research groups trying to understand, in part, why so many Americans dont want to get vaccinated. The well-respected teams survey findings are regularly used by politicians, health experts, and other researchers to better inform public policy.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="yj0yZC">
The Covid States Project <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2021/07/27/people-are-more-anti-vaccine-if-they-get-their-
covid-19-news-facebook-rather-than-fox-news-new-data-shows/">put out a report in late July</a> showing that Facebook news consumers were less likely to get vaccinated than Fox News viewers. Facebook promptly attacked the studys methodology. A company <a href="https://gizmodo.com/facebook-news-consumers-are-more-anti-vaccine-than-
fox-1847378398">spokesperson told Gizmodo</a> that the results were “sensationalized” and “overstated,” in part because they relied on self-reported survey data over a short time window. Instead, Facebook argued, researchers should have used better data, like peoples actual reliance on the social network for news over self-reported survey data — data that only Facebook can access.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="jPE1xg">
Lazer says he could have asked Facebook directly to collaborate to design an experiment together to get better data about how people used the platform, but that would take time. Last year, Lazer was one of several academics selected to work with Facebook on a <a href="https://about.fb.com/news/2020/08/research-impact-of-facebook-and-instagram-on-us-election/">separate elections- related ongoing research project</a>, for which hes receiving special access to user behavior data. But that model wouldnt work for the Covid States Project,<strong> </strong>since his team needed real-time data to study quickly shifting messaging on Covid-19 vaccines.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="klEzw2">
“[Facebook] is saying: You cant answer this question unless you have data like <em>that</em>. Oh, and by the way, we have a monopoly on data like <em>that,</em>’” said Lazer. “Thats a problem.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="hHUDrn">
The back-and-forth represents a longstanding issue between Facebook and outside researchers who study social media. For years, researchers have requested more detailed information about how people use the site, including links theyve clicked on and <a href="https://www.wired.com/2016/02/facebook-reactions-
totally-redesigned-like-button/">emotion-based reactions to posts</a>. They want this data so they can better understand how content in peoples Facebook and Instagram feeds informs their opinions. More granular data could help them answer, for example, whether people who view one piece of misinformation are more likely to click on another, or whether a certain demographic is more susceptible to sharing Covid-19 hoaxes than others.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="GY1Jg3">
“Facebook can say, Oh, you saw this story? Oh, you lingered on it,’” Lazer suggested. “So Facebook has the dream machine for understanding human behavior.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="qgNxkc">
Facebook has also disputed the findings of an influential report cited by President Biden and <a href="https://www.vox.com/recode/2021/7/22/22588829/amy-klobuchar-health-misinformation-
act-section-230-covid-19-facebook-twitter-youtube-social-media">Sen. Amy Klobuchar (D-MN) that claimed only 12 users</a> — a so-called “Disinformation Dozen” — were responsible for 65 percent of vaccine misinformation on Facebook and Twitter. Facebook told Recode that it left out key facts about how the company had disabled many popular accounts responsible for spreading misinformation. But rather than critiquing outside studies, Facebook should be opening its books to researchers about how it prioritizes content people see in their News Feed, says Imran Ahmed, the CEO of the Center for Countering Digital Hate, which authored the report.
</p>
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“It is extraordinary that companies whose core defense is that they need to provide open spaces are actually some of the most controlling and opaque organizations on the planet,” Ahmed told Recode. “They control the communications and knowledge architecture of the world and will not provide insight into their algorithms and what they want to amplify.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Oi4kfp">
Facebook even questioned the credibility of data coming from its own tool, Crowdtangle, after New York Times journalist Kevin Roose used the analytics platform to compile daily lists of the 10 most shared Facebook links, which were often dominated by right-wing pages. Facebook disputed these findings, arguing that the Crowdtangle data shows <a href="https://about.fb.com/news/2020/11/what-do-people-actually-see-on-facebook-in-the-us/">a distorted view of whats really popular</a> on Facebook. Last month, Roose <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2021/07/14/technology/facebook-
data.html">reported that some executives within the company were considering limiting Crowdtrangle</a> data access to journalists altogether because of the negative PR repercussions, although Facebook has said it has no plans to shut down Crowdtangle.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="e7qf2r">
Nevertheless, the incident has left some researchers worried that Facebook may be limiting one of the few direct data sources they have to work with. And its problematic that one of the most useful tools that journalists and researchers currently have to understand misinformation on the platform can be disabled whenever Facebook wants.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="KlWcWA">
When Facebook effectively shut down the NYU Ad Observatory in early August, similar concerns spread not only in the academic community but also with lawmakers and the Federal Trade Commission. To critics, Facebooks handling of the Ad Observatory incident was just another example of the company trying to silence those attempting to hold it accountable.
</p>
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“For several years now, I have called on social media platforms like Facebook to work with, and better empower, independent researchers, whose efforts consistently improve the integrity and safety of social media platforms by exposing harmful and exploitative activity,” Sen. Mark Warner (D-VA) said in a statement the day after Facebook took action against the Ad Observatory. “Instead, Facebook has seemingly done the opposite.”
</p>
<h3 id="kQoqro">
The limitations of Facebooks outside research partnerships
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="bsFk4e">
To its credit, Facebook grants some researchers permission to access more detailed data sets about user behavior through the Facebook Open Research and Transparency (FORT) program. The problem is, researchers say, those data sets largely havent been useful so far in studying posts about Covid-19.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="8JY5vL">
Social Science One is one of the most ambitious academic partnership projects Facebook has participated in through FORT to date. Started by Stanford law professor Nate Persily and Harvard political science professor Gary King in 2018, the group intended to set up a system for <a href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/facebook-gives-researchers-full-access-for-election-
studies-1531348942?mod=article_inline">outside academics to study internal data generated by Facebooks 2.2 billion users</a>, like how many times a URL has been viewed across the platform and which demographics viewed it. Establishing such a workflow was initially expected to take two months but ended up taking two years, <a href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/facebook-delivers-long-awaited-trove-of-data-to-outside-
researchers-11581602403">after Facebook raised legal concerns over sharing too much user data</a> and potentially violating peoples privacy. (Facebook ultimately applied a “differential privacy” technique to anonymize the data, which some researchers say makes it less accurate and more difficult to parse.)
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="HbY6KJ">
Since the original data set was released in February 2020, researchers have published eight academic papers using Social Science One data, according to Facebook. They range in topics from the influence of political campaigns on Facebook in Chile to the prevalence of fake news on the platform. There are currently 22 draft academic papers using Social Science One data. Only one involves research about Covid-19 misinformation.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="7zTrx9">
Although the mission of Social Science One is laudable, several researchers say it offers only a static snapshot of Facebooks data universe, one that isnt particularly useful for understanding the constantly evolving world of Covid-19 misinformation. And until earlier this summer, the data set only included data until July 2019, though it has since been updated to include data up to March</p></li>
</ul>
<ol start="2020" type="1">
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">Something as simple as “speeding up” the process by which researchers apply for and get access to updated data via Social Science One, Lazer says, would be a big improvement.
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"></p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="QbwHTV">
Despite Facebooks massive computing power, running data sets like the ones used in Social Science One can take significant time: up to a month and a half of work for data covering a three-month time period, the company said. According to researchers, that lag can render Covid-19 information outdated, so Facebook needs to find a way to get this information to them more quickly.
</p>
<h3 id="7v9WSO">
Data transparency through regulation
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="UaAdUt">
Some academics believe that government intervention is the only way to get Facebook and other social media companies to share more data with researchers.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="JXbU27">
Persily, the Stanford law professor who co-founded Social Science One, resigned from the organization ahead of the 2020 elections and is now advocating for new laws to address issues between social media companies and researchers. Such legislation would force companies like Facebook to share more data with researchers and loosen the privacy laws around them doing so. This could resolve the longstanding debate between researchers and social media companies about whether companies can legally share user data without violating privacy laws.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="51LMEY">
“Unless you create some kind of legal immunity for companies sharing data, and a legal compulsion for them to share that data, you cant win the argument, because all it looks like is risk,” Persily said. “I think that sharing data is legal, but Im not the one paying $5 billion if Im fined.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="wxcXOO">
Persily added that Social Science One was a substantial step forward in getting Facebook to give researchers more freedom to study its platform. He commended Facebook for taking part in it.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="sTvycV">
But ultimately, Persily said, companies like Facebook need more incentive to participate in such projects without fear of getting in trouble with regulators, who also dont want to see Facebook repeat the Cambridge Analytics scandal. Some lawmakers, like Sens. Klobuchar and Warner, have criticized Facebook for not sharing enough data with researchers. At the same time, they have also called for these companies to do a better job protecting user privacy.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="9GvoyN">
“The spread of misinformation about the coronavirus vaccine has had dire consequences,” Klobuchar said in a statement to Recode. “These are some of the biggest, richest companies in the world and it is vital that they are transparent about the misinformation on their platforms so researchers and policymakers can better assess and tackle this problem.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="NmPAzV">
For Persily and many others in the academic community, getting researchers access to better data is a key step before regulators can solve other questions.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Q0S96m">
“Whether we can answer the question about whether Facebook is killing people with Covid misinformation depends on if outsiders are able to assess how much misinformation actually exists on Facebook,” said Persily. “Data access is the linchpin for all other social media issues.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="ohGpf7">
</p></li>
</ol>
<ul>
<li><strong>Why its so hard to be a nurse in America, according to two nurses</strong> -
<figure>
<img alt="" src="https://cdn.vox-
cdn.com/thumbor/MHyLS_634Ub6guXWDJPH3ou0jBc=/170x0:3281x2333/1310x983/cdn.vox-
cdn.com/uploads/chorus_image/image/69730581/GettyImages_1299710766_copy.0.jpg"/>
<figcaption>
Nurses tend to a patient in the Covid-19 ICU in San Jose, California, in December 2020. | Gabrielle Lurie/San Francisco Chronicle/Getty Images
</figcaption>
</figure>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Nurses were struggling even before the pandemic. We have the tools to change that.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="uSEW2Z">
Last month, at the start of a fourth Covid-19 wave in the US, a nurse in a Seattle-area intensive-care unit announced her resignation on Twitter. “No amount of money could convince me to stay on as a bedside ICU nurse right now,” she wrote. “I cant continue to live with the toll on my body and mind. Even weekly therapy has not been enough to dilute the horrors I carry with me from this past year and a half.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="gaI8sJ">
The nurse, Sara, who asked to be identified by her first name so she could speak freely about her experiences at work, told Vox that shes been offered incredible<strong> </strong>bonuses in exchange for extra hours. She said she could make an entire months mortgage payment just by working one extra shift, but has declined. “Were not soldiers,” Sara said. “Were not the saviors of humanity. Were humans who have families and the need to take care of ourselves.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="gh9Lyi">
In June, Julia Belluz wrote for Vox about the many <a href="https://www.vox.com/22439911/doctors-mental-
health-suicide-coronavirus-pandemic">structural barriers that prevent physicians from getting mental health treatment</a>. It led to an outpouring of support, and a question: What about the nurses?
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="d2lLZz">
The roughly <a href="https://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes291141.htm">3 million</a> registered nurses (RNs) currently employed<strong> </strong>in the United States are, in Saras words, “the eyes and the ears and hands and feet of providing health care.” But nurses are leaving the profession at a staggering rate. According to a 2021 report from Nursing Solutions, the turnover rate for registered nurses last year was <a href="https://www.nsinursingsolutions.com/Documents/Library/NSI_National_Health_Care_Retention_Report.pdf">close to 20 percent</a>. This leaves hospitals understaffed: About 10 percent of hospital RN positions were vacant last year, the same report found, perpetuating a cycle of burnout and likely <a href="https://www.aacnnursing.org/News-
Information/Nursing-Shortage-Resources/Impact">worsening the quality of care</a> for patients.
</p>
<div id="THFZSG">
</div></li>
</ul>
<blockquote class="twitter-tweet">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" dir="ltr" lang="en">
Ive been an ICU nurse for 3 years — the role came to define me in a way no other job has. Critical care nursing through this pandemic has wrung every last bit of emotional, psychological, and physical strength from me. I cant face another <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/COVID19?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#COVID19</a> surge as a bedside ICU nurse.
</p>
— Sara, BSN RN CCRN (she/her) (<span class="citation" data-cites="queenofironyRN">@queenofironyRN</span>) <a href="https://twitter.com/queenofironyRN/status/1418067339417948163?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">July 22, 2021</a>
</blockquote>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="cexogx">
As an ICU nurse, Sara said the pressure and strain have felt unbearable. When Covid-19 arrived, she was often the only health care provider in the room with a critically ill patient, “feeling like this persons life was completely in my hands, and it was up to me,” she told Vox. She said her own symptoms now mirror some of those of post-traumatic stress disorder: traumatic flashbacks, nightmares, uncontrolled moods, and crying.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="QIf5zK">
Sara was able to carve out time to find a therapist and join a virtual support group, but she worries that many nurses dont have the capacity to seek support on their own. “It feels like everybodys running on fumes,” she said. “We need to make the barriers to accessing [mental health support] quite a bit lower because people are just so exhausted.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="mYKf4d">
The mental health of nurses was taxed even before the Covid-19 pandemic. Female nurses in particular were at <a href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapsychiatry/article-
abstract/2778209?guestAccessKey=b027c29e-f11c-415a-92d6-766fdb5a083b&amp;utm_source=For_The_Media&amp;utm_medium=referral&amp;utm_campaign=ftm_links&amp;utm_content=tfl&amp;utm_term=041421">twice the risk of dying by suicide</a> as women in the general population, according to research published earlier this year. And thats only “the tip of the iceberg,” said <a href="https://ihpi.umich.edu/our-experts/cfriese">Christopher Friese</a>, a professor of nursing at the University of Michigan and a co-author of the study. “What I worry about is the large number of nurses that we cant even quantify, that are suffering in silence.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="txcV9A">
Friese, who has practiced as a registered nurse for 27 years, spoke with Vox about the toll nursing can take on mental health, and what has to change for nurses to get the support they need. Our conversation has been edited for length and clarity.
</p>
<div class="c-float-right">
<div id="y3ZQxv">
<div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<h3 id="l84DDz">
“Theres real consequences for our nations health”
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="JjkPyP">
<strong>What have been some of the biggest strains on nurses, before the pandemic, that might put them at these greater risks for mental health challenges? </strong>
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="TB0nWr">
I think there are a couple of buckets to think about. The first bucket is their personal experience. Nurses are not only delivering care to the patients and their communities, but theyre also caring for their children, their family members, and loved ones. They take on an added caregiving role beyond their job. So I think we need to understand that better.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="UJLFUB">
The second bucket is the workplace. The health care workplace has not been healthy for nurses for some time. Weve known for over a decade that nurses have been concerned about their workloads. Theyve been concerned about the resources that they have to take care of patients or communities. And they are often the group that we add new tasks on to. So adding the electronic health record has placed that very heavy burden on nurses because nurses are sort of a catchall for all of that work. And we havent taken anything away from nurses. The only thing weve done is continued to pile on to their work.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="4JDToq">
And I think the final point that we need to be aware of, and Ive certainly seen, is increased hostility in the workplace. Nurses more frequently are bearing the brunt of verbal and physical abuse from patients, patients family members, and some staff. And we have not created a safe environment to work.
</p>
<figure class="e-image">
<img alt=" " src="https://cdn.vox-
cdn.com/thumbor/831RxQgQQxHwDAMMOrHdQxaSJdo=/800x0/filters:no_upscale()/cdn.vox-
cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22779062/GettyImages_1233960494_copy.jpg"/> <cite>Irfan Khan/Los Angeles Times/Getty Images</cite>
<figcaption>
Registered nurses from Keck Hospital of USC in Los Angeles strike due to “unsafe staffing conditions” on July 13, 2021.
</figcaption>
</figure>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="f7yE8K">
<strong>Have you experienced some of these strains firsthand in your time as a clinical nurse? </strong>
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="zlKydp">
Nursing is a very rewarding profession, but there are times when it can be very draining. Im deeply worried by what Im seeing. Despite all my experience, it is definitely harder work than it was when I started. It was getting harder before the pandemic, and the pandemic only exposed those fault lines where the system has not served nurses well.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="OcaGB3">
<strong>Could you talk more about how Covid-19 might have impacted nurses mental health? </strong>
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="IkxbGf">
In our data, we had over 700 nurses die from suicide in the 2017-2018 period. That was an all-time high. So we were trending up, and then Covid-19 hits. They were dealing with these really risky clinical scenarios where we dont have good information, early on in the pandemic. How do we protect people? Do people have the right protective gear?
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="HoE3x5">
There is also a unique combination of their personal health at risk, their loved ones safety, and then the societal split in our approach to this public health crisis, which youre seeing right now. We have really good tools to protect our population — we have really effective and very safe vaccines. Weve learned in this pandemic that masking and staying out of crowds is effective. And yet we have a swath of the population who is not doing that. And theyre in our ICU and theyre in our hospital beds, and nurses have to live with that duality.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="kwXEaN">
The other thing were observing is staff shortage — either people have left the workforce, or theyre ill themselves, or their loved ones are ill and theyre caring for family members. Everybodys picking up more work. That just perpetuates the cycle. Were on a hamster wheel here, where nurses just cant get off.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="53r9FM">
<strong>Are you worried about attrition from the nursing profession, especially from the added strain of the pandemic? </strong>
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="V71nW2">
Im deeply worried. Im already aware of particularly experienced nurses who have left their clinical position, and you cant really replace them, their decades of experience. Those are the folks who train our next generation and help support physicians and others. So its a real brain drain.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="zALxfN">
Then it creates this cyclical problem where youre always running short. We have very clear evidence: when you dont have enough nurses, patients have more complications, theyre more at risk of dying, etc. So theres a direct connection to a healthy, fully staffed nursing workforce and public health. Theres real consequences for our nations health if we do not curb this crisis.
</p>
<h3 id="51YWLT">
Access to mental health care isnt just about health insurance
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="ZOGlol">
<strong>Do you find nurses tend to have good access to mental health care? </strong>
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="O4xP7s">
Most employed nurses have relatively good health insurance, so they probably have access on paper. But its very difficult for health care professionals — and especially nurses — to seek out mental health services because of the stigma we have in place. Nurses might be concerned that if they seek out mental health services and undergo treatment, that might jeopardize their employment.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="J9xA0a">
There are numerous examples. As nurses are applying for positions and interviewing and going under intake questioning, they might disclose that they have a mental health condition or theyre taking medication. And leadership is questioning whether theyre suitable for those positions: Can they handle the pressure of that work? So that only makes it more likely that youre not going to disclose and youre not going to access services.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="ZozbQt">
We need a really different kind of model for nurses. We all need mental health services that are safe, accessible, and confidential.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="4tfodw">
The final piece of that is the disciplinary process for nurses. Right now, if a nurse makes what is assessed to be a clinical error, we quickly go down the disciplinary route, and we dont realize that there might be someone in trouble, a human being in front of us who needs care. Is this person well? Do they need help? And what kind of help? These should be the first questions we ask, and then we can get to the other things.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="qrvdbM">
<strong>As my colleague Julia Belluz </strong><a href="https://www.vox.com/22439911/doctors-
mental-health-suicide-coronavirus-pandemic"><strong>reported earlier this year</strong></a><strong>, physicians often seem reluctant to get mental health treatment because in some states, and in some cases, they are worried it could jeopardize their medical license. Do nurses have similar disclosure requirements or licensing concerns? </strong>
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="BzYwbB">
I dont know of boards of nursing that formally ask if you have a mental health diagnosis or youre taking medication. But in a lot of the boards, you have these statements about “moral character.”<strong> </strong>Assessing ones character can get wrapped into mental health very quickly in our country.<strong> </strong>So I think we really want to separate that out. We want people to feel comfortable knowing you can be an excellent nurse and also have a mental health condition. And we want to make sure that youre getting the recommended treatment you need. Its just like having diabetes or some other condition. We need to get that stigma out of mental health.
</p>
<aside id="9hL7fk">
<div>
</div>
</aside>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="2z6c2y">
I appreciate there are many nurses who are very public about their struggles, but theyre the exception. And theres nothing magical that would exempt nurses from having the same underlying health conditions — mental or otherwise — [as] the rest of the population.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Yu9eXT">
<strong>Are you comfortable disclosing whether youve ever struggled with mental health issues as a registered nurse? </strong>
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="1lHRSE">
I wouldnt say that Ive had a crisis situation. Ive certainly had stressful moments. I can vividly remember days on the unit even decades later. The work nurses do is physically demanding, and it can be emotionally taxing. It can also be very rewarding. But the kind of work were doing, with peoples lives in our hands in very fragile emotional states, you cant just walk away from that. It sticks with you. Im thankful that Ive been able to navigate that, but there are certain events in my career that I will never forget and come back to haunt me.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="hqHuN3">
<strong>Do you see your findings about suicide as a potential indicator for the risk of mental health challenges overall? </strong>
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="2y1Iyz">
Below the surface of this is a much larger group of nurses who are, day-to-day, struggling with these issues.<strong> </strong>We may not even know they are in trouble or they are struggling, and we have no way to know whether theyre getting the help they need. The challenge is to make sure that we can keep them safe before theyre even contemplating suicide.
</p>
<figure class="e-image">
<img alt=" " src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/LUClfh4WeYoZQksHgfE-a3ABwiE=/800x0/filters:no_upscale()/cdn.vox-
cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22779077/GettyImages_1230820280_copy.jpg"/> <cite>Nic Coury/Bloomberg/Getty Images</cite>
<figcaption>
A nurse writes information on the window of a patients room at the Covid-19 ICU in Salinas, California, in January 2021.
</figcaption>
</figure>
<h3 id="ihRRpS">
We have the tools to take better care of nurses
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="R88MIo">
<strong>It seems like physicians and their struggles may get more attention than nurses, even though there are so many more nurses in the country. Why do you think that is? </strong>
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="YT8bEX">
First, we have better data collected on physicians, so its a bit easier to track them over time. Their professional organizations have a fairly robust data set. Its been a little harder to track nurses over time. We only do surveys of nurses. I think, too, the medical profession has done a better job of understanding this risk and developing unique programs for physicians.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="hIjG7m">
One of the areas to think about is the power differential. Physicians tend to enjoy a relatively privileged place, particularly in the US, relative to other health care workers. So their concerns and issues more often reach prominence. We dont have a lot of information about other demographic factors, such as gender or sexual identity, etc., but you could imagine that groups that are historically disadvantaged are going to be less likely to be heard on this issue.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="L1V1XT">
Theres a ton of other health care professionals — respiratory therapists, pharmacists — who have been strained, too. And the challenge is to get good data on them. This is only the surface of what the problem may be. We dont have the fundamental research to help us understand why these things are occurring.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="8fxE6l">
<strong>Are there other barriers you see standing in the way of nurses getting mental health care? </strong>
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="pN2m9Q">
We need a different model that is specific to nurses. I think thats the missing piece. We have specific programs for veterans. We have specific programs for rural residents and adolescents. We dont really have that for nurses, despite the really alarming data we presented.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="ygNpHL">
We also dont know the sequence of events. Is it the workplace thats triggering this? The family environment? Unless we do some really basic registry work, well never know the answer to that. So it limits our ability to help, without research, and that adds to the stigma. If we dont know what were dealing with, then we cant even let nurses know that there are greater risks and maybe they need to reach out.
</p>
<figure class="e-image">
<img alt=" " src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/TVXRY0g4m0E3PpKGEpOBJqx04OQ=/800x0/filters:no_upscale()/cdn.vox-
cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22779082/GettyImages_1230332055_copy.jpg"/> <cite>Francine Orr/Los Angeles Times/Getty Images</cite>
<figcaption>
Nurse Ana Ramos holds the hand of Margaret Gallegos, 91, inside the Providence St. Jude ICU in Fullerton, California, on Christmas Day in 2020.
</figcaption>
</figure>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="eRJXIz">
<strong>How can we take better care of nurses? </strong>
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="ETljvL">
We all have a family member or a loved one whos a nurse. And I think oftentimes we dont necessarily check in with them and ask them how theyre doing, how their day was. We know their work is difficult. Sometimes theyre not able to tell us a lot for privacy reasons. But checking in with loved ones who are nurses, making sure they know theyre valued. If a family member is struggling, making sure they know that is a normal thing and that seeking help is perfectly okay.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="UYCU6y">
I think we also need to have a conversation as a nation about how we value nurses — and how we structure health care so that they can actually be the best nurse they can be for our patients and for our loved ones. Right now, its very transactional. We really need to think carefully, particularly after this pandemic: Can we redesign their work so that we take full advantage of their clinical skill? I think right now were not doing that.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Wjk0Uk">
The last thing would be to advocate for research on nurses. That has not been valued. Just like we want better understanding of diabetes and cancer, we want to have a better understanding of: Are nurses at risk, and what can we do to help them? We have the tools to do this.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="in27Ro">
Do we as a society want to put value on this? Do we want to try to better understand how we can have a healthy, safe nursing workforce? I think, for our loved ones, thats the question. Because if we dont, were going to be in big trouble.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="nzKHzX">
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="CWpf7x">
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="XPQbTs">
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="7Rmwe1">
</p>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-the-hindu-sports">From The Hindu: Sports</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Eng. vs Ind. second Test | Shami, Bumrah seriously dent Englands chances of victory with whirlwind stand</strong> - This was also Indias highest ninth wicket stand in a Test match in England.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Countrys Moon and Renegade work well</strong> - Countrys Moon and Renegade worked well when the horses were exercised here on Monday (Aug. 16).Inner sand: 600m: Trending Princess (Azfar Syeed), Da</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Im enjoying myself, my game and challenges: Moeen Ali</strong> - Drafted into the side after the drawn first Test at Trent Bridge, the 34-year-old is featuring only in his second Test in two years.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Maximum points for Team MRF Tyres</strong> - Lindholm and Hämäläinen maintain good speed</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Calm Roach steers West Indies to dramatic one-wicket win over Pakistan</strong> - Roach scored 30 and Seales two in an unbeaten 17-run partnership as the home side reached their target of 168 for the loss of nine wickets</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-the-hindu-national-news">From The Hindu: National News</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>IMC Swarnaa Ventures acquires Trillium Flow Technologies</strong> - IMC Swarnaa Ventures Pvt. Ltd., a joint venture of Hubballi-based IMC and Swarnaa Group of Companies, has announced the successful acquisition of 100%</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Mysuru gears up for reopening schools as TPR falls below 2 p.c.</strong> - 85,125 students are studying in Class 9 and 10 and offline classes for them are expected to resume from August 23</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>India wants peace all over world: Meenakshi Lekhi over developments in Afghanistan</strong> - The newly-inducted Minister of State was addressing mediapersons after taking part in Jan Ashirvad Yatra in her constituency in New Delhi.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Minister promises to ramp up medical infrastructure</strong> - A 13 KL liquid medical oxygen storage tank for superspecialty hospital, trauma care centre, and the PKTB hospital was inaugurated in the city on Sunda</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>No Opposition in Nagaland Assembly</strong> - Naga Peoples Front joins Neiphiu Rio govt. to work unitedly to solve the Naga issue</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-bbc-europe">From BBC: Europe</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Polish law on property stolen by Nazis angers Israel</strong> - A new law will make it harder for people to recover property lost in World War Two.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Roger Federer will be out for many months as he prepares for further knee surgery</strong> - Tennis great Roger Federer says he will be sidelined for “many months” as he prepares to have further knee surgery.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Turkey floods: Death toll near Black Sea rises to at least 70</strong> - Flash floods in northern Turkey are the countrys second natural disaster this month.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>My night in Quislings cabin</strong> - When Ben McPherson realised he could rent Vidkun Quislings cabin, it struck him as weird. His Norwegian wife disagreed.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Sarah Rainsford on Russia: Ive been told I cant come back - ever</strong> - The BBCs Sarah Rainsford, devastated after being told she could not return to Russia, ever.</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-ars-technica">From Ars Technica</h1>
<ul>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Fitbits Luxe activity tracker is a stylish way to casually care about fitness</strong> - The Luxe is stylish, but Fitbit is losing ground as a worthwhile fitness platform. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1785806">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>How a game about dwarves mining in space has helped me weather the pandemic</strong> - <em>DRG</em> combines 4-player co-op, non-toxic developers, and a welcoming community. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1787136">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Strawberry Mansion: A great sci-fi premise with trippy, arthouse execution</strong> - In this film, society can track dreams, so <em>of course</em> someones out to monetize em. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1786242">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Samsung has its own AI-designed chip. Soon, others will too</strong> - Semiconductor software-design maker Synopsys is adding AI to its arsenal. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1787115">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>The weekends best tech deals: AirPods Pro, Jackbox games, and more</strong> - Dealmaster also has deals on the iPad Air, Switch Pro Controller, and storage. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1786382">link</a></p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-jokes-subreddit">From Jokes Subreddit</h1>
<ul>
<li><strong>What does sex and the U.S. Military have in common?</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF -->
<div class="md">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
When you pull out at the wrong time you end up wasting 20 years and a lot of money
</p>
</div>
<!-- SC_ON -->
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/Yeetaway987"> /u/Yeetaway987 </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/p5cxk3/what_does_sex_and_the_us_military_have_in_common/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/p5cxk3/what_does_sex_and_the_us_military_have_in_common/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
<li><strong>If “womb” is pronounced “woom”, “tomb” is pronounced “toom” then shouldnt “bomb” be pronounced…</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF -->
<div class="md">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
“BOOM”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
I hope that blew your minds.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
It would be <a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/funny">r/funny</a> if this post blows up.
</p>
</div>
<!-- SC_ON -->
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/littleboy_xxxx"> /u/littleboy_xxxx </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/p56rmv/if_womb_is_pronounced_woom_tomb_is_pronounced/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/p56rmv/if_womb_is_pronounced_woom_tomb_is_pronounced/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
<li><strong>It was a dark and rainy night…..</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF -->
<div class="md">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Our heros car had broken down right in front of an old looking mansion.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
After knocking, an old Chinese man came to the door. “ I was wondering if its at all possible you might have a room for me for the night. I will be out of your hair the next morning and on my way to the service station.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
The old Chinese man says, “ I am honored to extend my hospitality to you, but be warned, my 22-year-old daughter is staying with me. She is young, impetuous, wild, and she is strictly off-limits. Any man who violates her honor will have the three Chinese torture tests administered to him.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Giving his word and just wanting a warm bed, the man is shown up to his room on the second floor. After getting settled down, theres a knock at the door. Upon opening, the Beautiful 22-year-old daughter steps in the doorway. “ Is there anything I can get you?” She says with a mischievous grin, loosening her robe.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
He decides, “What the hell, Ill take on any torture test for a night with this fox” and he enjoys himself thoroughly………
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
The next morning, he wakes up alone and notices that its a bit tough to breathe. Opening his eyes, he sees a large stone on his chest with a sign that reads:
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
“1st Chinese torture test - 30 pound stone on chest.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Snorting in derision and thinking if this is the type of BS the old man was talking about then it was totally worth it, he carries the stone to the window to toss it out. After he does, he notices another sign hanging outside the window from the roof that reads:
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
“2nd Chinese torture test- left testicle tied to 30 pound stone.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Looking around, he realizes he only has a few seconds before the string is going to get…….tightened. Thinking quickly, he decides to just jump out the window. “No problem, I can untie the string when I hit the ground” he thinks.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
His blood runs cold however, when he sees the third sign on the side of the house on the way down that reads:
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
3rd Chinese torture test- right testicle tied to bedpost.
</p>
</div>
<!-- SC_ON -->
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/ironwill69"> /u/ironwill69 </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/p57vl3/it_was_a_dark_and_rainy_night/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/p57vl3/it_was_a_dark_and_rainy_night/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
<li><strong>I witnessed an actual murder in real life and didnt tell anyone about it.</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF -->
<div class="md">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Crows are common in my area so it wasnt a big deal.
</p>
</div>
<!-- SC_ON -->
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/john21232"> /u/john21232 </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/p4xbyf/i_witnessed_an_actual_murder_in_real_life_and/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/p4xbyf/i_witnessed_an_actual_murder_in_real_life_and/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
<li><strong>One Christmas morning, a cop on horseback is sitting at a traffic light and next to him is a little girl on her brand-new bike.</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF -->
<div class="md">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
The cop says to the young girl, “Nice bike you got there sweetheart. Did Santa bring that to you?”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
“Yes, he did,” she replied sweetly.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
With a smile on his face, the cop says “Well, next year, tell Santa to put a taillight on that bike,” and he proceeds to hand the girl a $20 ticket.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Before the cop rides off she says “By the way, thats a nice horse you got there. Did Santa bring that to you?”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Playing along the cop says, “Yeah, he sure did.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
“Well, next year, tell Santa the dick goes underneath the horse, not on top.”
</p>
</div>
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/SolidMaintenance663"> /u/SolidMaintenance663 </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/p4svyh/one_christmas_morning_a_cop_on_horseback_is/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/p4svyh/one_christmas_morning_a_cop_on_horseback_is/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
</ul>
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