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<title>22 May, 2023</title>
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<title>Covid-19 Sentry</title><meta content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" name="viewport"/><link href="styles/simple.css" rel="stylesheet"/><link href="../styles/simple.css" rel="stylesheet"/><link href="https://unpkg.com/aos@2.3.1/dist/aos.css" rel="stylesheet"/><script src="https://unpkg.com/aos@2.3.1/dist/aos.js"></script></head>
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<h1 data-aos="fade-down" id="covid-19-sentry">Covid-19 Sentry</h1>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" data-aos-anchor-placement="top-bottom" id="contents">Contents</h1>
<ul>
<li><a href="#from-preprints">From Preprints</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-clinical-trials">From Clinical Trials</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-pubmed">From PubMed</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-patent-search">From Patent Search</a></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-preprints">From Preprints</h1>
<ul>
<li><strong>Predicting the public health impact of bivalent vaccines and nirmatrelvir-ritonavir against COVID-19</strong> -
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Background: Uptake of COVID-19 bivalent vaccines and oral medication nirmatrelvir-ritonavir (Paxlovid) has remained low across the United States. Assessing the public health impact of increasing uptake of these interventions in key risk groups can guide further public health resources and policy. Methods: This modeling study used person-level data from the California Department of Public Health on COVID-19 cases, hospitalizations, deaths, and vaccine administration from July 23, 2022 to January 23, 2023. We modeled the impact of additional uptake of bivalent COVID-19 vaccines and nirmatrelvir-ritonavir during acute illness in different risk groups defined by age (50+, 65+, 75+ years) and vaccination status (everyone, primary series only, previously vaccinated). We predicted the number of averted COVID-19 cases, hospitalizations, and deaths and number needed to treat (NNT). Results: For both bivalent vaccines and nirmatrelvir-ritonavir, the most efficient strategy (based on NNT) for averting severe COVID-19 was targeting the 75+ years group. We predicted that perfect coverage of bivalent boosters in the 75+ years group would avert 3,920 hospitalizations (95%UI: 2,491-4,882; 7.8% total averted; NNT 387) and 1,074 deaths (95%UI: 774-1,355; 16.2% total averted; NNT 1,410). Perfect uptake of nirmatrelvir-ritonavir in the 75+ years group would avert 5,644 hospitalizations (95%UI: 3,947-6,826; 11.2% total averted; NNT 11) and 1,669 deaths (95%UI: 1,053-2,038; 25.2% total averted; NNT 35). Conclusions: These findings suggest prioritizing uptake of bivalent boosters and nirmatrelvir-ritonavir among the oldest age groups would be efficient and have substantial public health impact in reducing the burden of severe COVID-19, but would not address the entire burden of severe COVID-19.
</p>
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<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.18.23289533v1" target="_blank">Predicting the public health impact of bivalent vaccines and nirmatrelvir-ritonavir against COVID-19</a>
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<li><strong>Evaluating the Association of Depressive Disorder Symptoms and Moral Injuries in Healthcare Workers during COVID-19 Pandemic</strong> -
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Abstract Background: Moral injury occurs when negative distressing emotions appear and are suppressed. This could lead to several mental health problems such as depression and post-traumatic stress disorder, and result in long-lasting emotional, behavioral, and social problems. Moral injury, a term more commonly used in war contexts, has come into the spotlight during COVID-19 pandemic. We aimed to evaluate the rate of moral injury and its association with psychological injuries during this healthcare crisis. Methods: We assessed the rates of depression, anxiety, stress, and their association with moral injury among 333 nurses, medical interns, and residents between December 2020 and January 2021. This study was done using validated versions of Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS-21) and Moral Injury Symptom Scale-Healthcare Professionals (MISS-HP) scores. Results: Totally 333 healthcare professionals participated in this study, mostly aged between 26 to 30 years old. Nearly half of the participants had a clinically significant moral injury. The average scores of anxiety and stress were significantly higher in women. The participants who were single showed higher rates of depression and moral injury than married ones. Moreover, anxiety, stress, depression, and moral injury were higher in nurses than other healthcare professionals. The scarcity of personal protective equipment at the workplace and giving care to patients with end-stage COVID-19 diagnosis were among the factors associated with a higher risk of developing mental health problems. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that anxiety, stress, depression, and moral injury were prevalent among healthcare professionals during COVID-19 pandemic. Also, the rates of anxiety, stress, and depression were associated with moral injuries.
</p>
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.20.23290269v1" target="_blank">Evaluating the Association of Depressive Disorder Symptoms and Moral Injuries in Healthcare Workers during COVID-19 Pandemic</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Laboratory biomarkers associated with mortality in COVID-19 patients in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia</strong> -
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Background: Laboratory biomarkers are amongst the best imperative predictors of disease outcomes in hospital-admitted COVID-19 patients. Although data is available in this regard at a global level, there is a paucity of information in Ethiopia. Thus, this study aimed to assess the laboratory biomarkers association with death among COVID-19 patients in Ethiopia. Methods: A health facility-based longitudinal study was conducted from 2020 to 2022 among RT-PCR-confirmed COVID-19 patients admitted and on treatment follow-up at COVID-19 treatment hospitals in Addis Ababa. A robust Poisson regression model was fitted to assess the association between demographic, clinical, and laboratory factors and death. Significance was determined at p&lt;0.05, and variables with p &lt; 0.15 in bivariate analyses were included in the final multivariable models. Incidence rate ratio (IRR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) was used to describe associations. Results: Of the 2357 COVID-19 patients, 248 (10.5%) died. The median age of participants was 59 (IQR= 45- 70) years, and the majority (64.9%) of them were male. Lower median RBC was observed among those who died at 4.58 (4.06-5.07) as compared to those who survived at 4.69 (4.23-5.12) whereas high median (IQR) WBC was a predictor of mortality with 11.2 (7.7-15.9). After adjusting for confounders, death was associated with age &gt;74 years having adjusted incidence rate ratio [aIRR (95%CI): 2.46 (1.40-4.34)], and critical clinical situations [aIRR (95% CI): 4.04 (2.18-7.52)]. Conclusion: Our results demonstrate that abnormal liver function tests, abnormal white blood cells, age of the patients, and clinical status of the patients during admission are associated with unfavorable outcomes of COVID-19. Hence, timely monitoring of these laboratory results at the earliest phase of the disease was highly commendable.
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.20.23290268v1" target="_blank">Laboratory biomarkers associated with mortality in COVID-19 patients in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia</a>
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<li><strong>Defining the Subtypes of Long COVID and Risk Factors for Prolonged Disease</strong> -
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Objective- To empirically derive a long COVID case definition consisting of significantly increased signs, symptoms, and diagnoses to support clinical, public health, research, and policy initiatives related to the pandemic. Design- Case-Crossover Population-based study Setting- Veterans Affairs medical centers across the United States between January 1 2020 and August 18 2022. Participants- 367148 individuals with positive COVID-19 tests and preexisting ICD-10-CM codes recorded in the VA electronic health record were enrolled. Trigger- SARS-CoV2 infection documented by positive laboratory test. Case Window- One to seven months following positive COVID testing. Main Outcomes and Measures- We defined signs, symptoms, and diagnoses as being associated with long COVID if they had a novel case frequency of at least 1 to 1000 and they were significantly increased in our entire cohort after a positive COVID test when compared to case frequencies before COVID testing. We present odds ratios with confidence intervals for long COVID signs, symptoms, and diagnoses, organized by ICD10-CM functional groups and medical specialty. We used our definition to assess long COVID risk based upon a patients9 demographics, Elixhauser score, vaccination status, and COVID disease severity. Results- We developed a long COVID definition consisting of 323 ICD-10-CM diagnosis codes grouped into 143 ICD-10-CM functional groups that were significantly increased in our 367148 patient post-COVID population. In our long COVID definition at a proportion of at least 59.7 percent (based on all COVID positive patients). Patients with more severe cases of COVID-19 and multiple comorbidities were more likely to develop long COVID. Conclusions and Relevance- An actionable, empirical definition for long COVID can help clinicians screen for and diagnose long COVID, allowing identified patients to be admitted into appropriate monitoring and treatment programs. An actionable long COVID definition can also support public health, research and policy initiatives. COVID patients with low oxygen saturation levels or multiple co-comorbidities should be preferentially watched for the development of long COVID.
</p>
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<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.19.23290234v1" target="_blank">Defining the Subtypes of Long COVID and Risk Factors for Prolonged Disease</a>
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<li><strong>Viral rebound among patients receiving COVID-19 convalescent plasma for treatment of Covid-19 in Uganda.</strong> -
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Background: Viral rebound has been reported in people infected with COVID-19 treated with nirmatrelvir/ritonavir, and some cases been reported in patients who did not receive any antiviral treatment. Since the course of COVID-19 has not yet been well defined, we evaluated the incidence of viral rebound among COVID-19 patients treated with COVID-19 Convalescent Plasma (CCP) in Uganda. Methods: In the CCP trail, 136 patients were enrolled between 21st September 2020 and 2nd December 2020 who presented to the Mulago National Referral COVID-19 treatment unit. Patients with a positive SARS-CoV-2 reverse transcriptase (RT)-PCR test irrespective of disease severity were hospitalized and randomized to receive either COVID-19 CCP plus standard of care (SOC) or SOC alone. SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR was done at baseline and on days 3, 5, 7, 14 and 28 post randomisation or until two consecutive negative RT-PCR results were obtained, whichever occurred first. We analysed for occurrence of viral rebound. Viral rebound was defined as a positive SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR test following a prior negative test. Findings: 20% of the participants had viral rebound. Viral rebounders were predominantly male. The median age was 45-64 years and they had at least one co-morbidity. There was no difference in the rebound rates in the study arms, and participants with hypertension had more rebound rates compared to those with other co-morbidities. Interpretation: Viral RNA rebound was common among patients receiving CCP. Viral rebound may be a result of the biphasic nature of COVID-19 infection, and not a consequence of the therapeutic interventions.
</p>
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.16.23290033v1" target="_blank">Viral rebound among patients receiving COVID-19 convalescent plasma for treatment of Covid-19 in Uganda.</a>
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<li><strong>Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on low back pain management in commercially insured and Medicare Advantage cohorts. A retrospective cohort study</strong> -
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Background: The COVID-19 (COVID) pandemic has been associated with care seeking and delivery system changes. Before COVID the management of low back pain (LBP) was variable and a common source of low-value care. The purpose of this retrospective cohort study was to examine how the management of LBP changed during the COVID pandemic in commercially insured (CI) and Medicare Advantage (MA) cohorts. Methods: A US national sample of LBP episodes with a duration of less than 91 days experienced during 2019-2021 was analyzed. Independent variables included whether an individual had CI or MA coverage, and the timing of LBP onset. Secondary independent variables included individuals home address State. Dependent measures included the percent of individuals initially contacting eighteen types of health care provider (HCP) and receiving twenty-two types of health care services, and total episode cost. Early and late COVID measures were compared with a pre-COVID baseline to examine COVID related change. The impact of the stringency of State level COVID public policy response was evaluated. Results: The study included 222,043 CI and 466,125 MA complete episodes of LBP. During the pre-COVID period the MA cohort was older (MA median 72 vs. CI 45), with higher percent female (61% vs. 52%), and from zip codes with a higher Area Deprivation Index (median 52 vs. CI 38). MA and CI cohort attributes remained nearly identical in the early and late COVID periods. Initial contact with licensed acupuncturists (LAc risk ratio (RR) 0.66) and physical therapists (PT RR 0.82) in the CI cohort, and with PTs (RR 0.78), urgent care (RR 0.86), and emergency medicine (RR 0.87) in the MA cohort experienced the largest decreases during the early COVID period. The largest increase in the CI cohort was to PCPs (RR 1.08), and in the MA cohort to PCPs (RR 1.11) and nurse practitioners (RR 1.09). During the late COVID period the largest decreases in the CI cohort were to neurologists (RR 0.84), PTs (RR 0.86), and physical medicine and rehabilitation physicians (RR PMR 0.87) and in the MA cohort to rheumatologists (RR 0.81), PMR (RR 0.89) and pain management physicians (RR 0.89). The largest increases during the late COVID period in the CI cohort were to radiologists (RR 1.22), hospitals (RR 1.07) and orthopedic surgeons (OS RR 1.04) and in the MA cohort to LAcs (RR 1.32), radiologists (RR 1.11) and hospitals (RR 1.10). Compared to the pre-COVID period during the early COVID period the percent of episodes including most health care services was unchanged or reduced. In the late COVID period in both the CI and MA cohorts the percent of episodes with imaging studies increased, MRI (RR CI 1.15, MA 1.21), CT (RR 1.16, 1.16), and plain film radiology (RR 1.06, 1.06). The stringency of State COVID public policy responses was not associated with significant variability in either the type of HCP initially contacted, or services received for LBP. Conclusions: In both CI and MA LBP cohorts COVID was associated with changes in the types of HCP initially contacted and subsequent services provided. Guideline concordant first-line service use declined during COVID, and the rate of diagnostic imaging was higher in the late COVID period than the pre-COVID period.
</p>
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.15.23289993v1" target="_blank">Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on low back pain management in commercially insured and Medicare Advantage cohorts. A retrospective cohort study</a>
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<li><strong>Contrasting the open access dissemination of COVID-19 and SDG research</strong> -
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This paper examines the extent to which research has been published open access in response to two global threats: COVID-19 and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), including climate change. We compare the accessibility of COVID-19 content versus SDG literature using the Dimensions database between 2000 and 2021, classifying each publication as gold open access, green, bronze, hybrid, or closed. We found that 79.9% of COVID-19 research papers published between January 2020 and December 2021 was open access, with 39.0% published with gold open access licenses. In contrast, just 55.7% of SDG papers were open access in the same time period, with only 36.0% published with gold open access licenses. Papers related to the climate emergency overall had the second-lowest level of open access at just 55.5%. Papers published by the largest for-profit publishers that committed to both the SDG Publishers Compact and climate actions were not predominantly published open access. The paper highlights the need for continued efforts to promote open access publishing to facilitate scientific research and technological development to address global challenges.
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.18.541286v1" target="_blank">Contrasting the open access dissemination of COVID-19 and SDG research</a>
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<li><strong>Accuracy of Expired BinaxNOW Rapid Antigen Tests</strong> -
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The widespread existence of expired antigen testing kits in households and potential coronavirus outbreaks necessitate evaluating the reliability of these expired kits. Our study examined BinaxNOW COVID-19 rapid antigen tests 27 months post-manufacture and 5 months past their FDA extended expiration dates, using SARS-CoV-2 variant XBB.1.5 viral stock. We conducted testing at two concentrations: the Limit of Detection (LoD) and 10 times the LoD. 100 expired and unexpired kits were tested at each concentration for a total of 400 antigen tests. At the LoD (2.32x10^2 TCID50/mL), both expired and unexpired tests displayed 100% sensitivity (95% CI 96.38% to 100%), with no statistical difference (95% CI -3.92% to 3.92%). Similarly, at 10 times the LoD, unexpired tests retained 100% sensitivity (95% CI 96.38% to 100%), while expired tests exhibited 99% sensitivity (95% CI 94.61% to 99.99%), demonstrating a statistically insignificant 1% difference (95% CI -2.49% to 4.49%, p=0.56). Expired rapid antigen tests had fainter lines than the unexpired tests at each viral concentration. The expired rapid antigens tests at LoD were only just visible. These findings carry significant implications for waste management, cost efficiency, and supply chain resilience in pandemic readiness efforts. They also provide critical insights for formulating clinical guidelines for interpreting results from expired kits. In light of expert warnings of a potential outbreak of a severity rivaling the Omicron variant, our study underscores the importance of maximizing the utility of expired antigen testing kits in managing future health emergencies.
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.17.23290131v1" target="_blank">Accuracy of Expired BinaxNOW Rapid Antigen Tests</a>
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<li><strong>Bard explains the main content and further development’s potential of “Social identity loss and reverse culture shock: Experiences of international students in China during the COVID-19 pandemic”</strong> -
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I have read the article “Social identity loss and reverse culture shock: Experiences of international students in China during the COVID-19 pandemic” by Rameez Raja, Jianfu Ma, Miwei Zhang,corresponding, Xi Yuan Li, Nayef Shabbab Almutairi, and Aeshah Hamdan Almutairi, explained its content through Mindsponge Theory, and indicated how Bayesian Mindsponge Framework (BMF) analytics can be used to develop the study further.
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://osf.io/psvxn/" target="_blank">Bard explains the main content and further development’s potential of “Social identity loss and reverse culture shock: Experiences of international students in China during the COVID-19 pandemic”</a>
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<li><strong>The Federal Reserve’s Response to the Global Financial Crisis and Its Long-Term Impact: An Interrupted Time-Series Natural Experimental Analysis</strong> -
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This paper examines the monetary policies the Federal Reserve implemented in response to the Global Financial Crisis. More specifically, it analyzes the Federal Reserve’s quantitative easing (QE) programs, liquidity facilities, and forward guidance operations conducted from 2007 to 2018. The essay’s detailed examination of these policies culminates in an interrupted time-series (ITS) analysis of the long-term causal effects of the QE programs on U.S. inflation and real GDP. The results of this formal design-based natural experimental approach show that the QE operations positively affected U.S. real GDP but did not significantly impact U.S. inflation. Specifically, it is found that, for the 2011Q2-2018Q4 post-QE period, real GDP per capita in the U.S. increased by an average of 231 dollars per quarter relative to how it would have changed had the QE programs not been conducted. Moreover, the results show that, in 2018Q4, ten years after the beginning of the QE programs, real GDP per capita in the U.S. was 14% higher relative to what it would have been during that quarter had there not been the QE programs. These findings contradict Williamson’s (2017) informal natural experimental evidence and confirm the conclusions of VARs and new Keynesian DSGE models that the Federal Reserve’s QE policies positively affected U.S. real GDP. The results suggest that the current U.S. and worldwide high inflation rates are likely not because of the QE programs implemented in response to the financial crisis that accompanied the COVID-19 pandemic. They are likely due to the unprecedentedly large fiscal stimulus packages used, the peculiar nature of the financial downturn itself, the negative supply shocks from the war in Ukraine, or a combination of these factors. To the best of my knowledge, this paper is the first study to measure the macroeconomic effects of QE using a design-based natural experimental approach.
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<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://osf.io/53qbm/" target="_blank">The Federal Reserve’s Response to the Global Financial Crisis and Its Long-Term Impact: An Interrupted Time-Series Natural Experimental Analysis</a>
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<li><strong>Changes in Transmission and Symptoms of SARS-CoV-2 in United States Households, April 2020-September 2022</strong> -
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Background: The natural history of SARS-CoV-2 infection and transmission dynamics may have changed as SARS-CoV-2 has evolved and population immunity has shifted. Methods: Household contacts, enrolled from two multi-site case-ascertained household transmission studies (April 2020-April 2021 and September 2021-September 2022), were followed for 10-14 days after enrollment with daily collection of nasal swabs and/or saliva for SARS-CoV-2 testing and symptom diaries. SARS-CoV-2 virus lineage was determined by whole genome sequencing, with multiple imputation where sequences could not be recovered. Adjusted infection risks were estimated using modified Poisson regression. Findings: 858 primary cases with 1473 household contacts were examined. Among unvaccinated household contacts, the infection risk adjusted for presence of prior infection and age was 58% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 49-68%) in households currently exposed to pre-Delta lineages and 90% (95% CI: 74-100%) among those exposed to Omicron BA.5 (detected May - September 2022). The fraction of infected household contacts reporting any symptom was similarly high between pre-Delta (86%, 95% CI: 81-91%) and Omicron lineages (77%, 70-85%). Among Omicron BA.5-infected contacts, 48% (41-56%) reported fever, 63% (56-71%) cough, 22% (17-28%) shortness of breath, and 20% (15-27%) loss of/change in taste/smell. Interpretation: The risk of infection among household contacts exposed to SARS-CoV-2 is high and increasing with more recent SARS-CoV-2 lineages. This high infection risk highlights the importance of vaccination to prevent severe disease. Funding: Funded by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the Food and Drug Administration.
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.18.23290185v1" target="_blank">Changes in Transmission and Symptoms of SARS-CoV-2 in United States Households, April 2020-September 2022</a>
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<li><strong>State Variation in Neighborhood COVID-19 Burden: Findings from the COVID Neighborhood Project</strong> -
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A lack of fine, spatially-resolute case data for the U.S. has prevented the examination of how COVID-19 burden has been distributed across neighborhoods, a known geographic unit of both risk and resilience, and is hampering efforts to identify and mitigate the long-term fallout from COVID-19 in vulnerable communities. Using spatially-referenced data from 21 states at the ZIP code or census tract level, we documented how the distribution of COVID-19 at the neighborhood-level varies significantly within and between states. The median case count per neighborhood (IQR) in Oregon was 3,608 (2,487) per 100,000 population, indicating a more homogenous distribution of COVID-19 burden, whereas in Vermont the median case count per neighborhood (IQR) was 8,142 (11,031) per 100,000. We also found that the association between features of the neighborhood social environment and burden varied in magnitude and direction by state. Our findings underscore the importance of local contexts when addressing the long-term social and economic fallout communities will face from COVID-19.
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.19.23290222v1" target="_blank">State Variation in Neighborhood COVID-19 Burden: Findings from the COVID Neighborhood Project</a>
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<li><strong>Assessing the effect of zoo closure on the soundscape using multiple measures</strong> -
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The zoo soundscape has a number of important implications for animal welfare, management, and conservation. However, despite its importance, the zoo soundscape is yet to be examined in depth using multiple measures. Consistent human presence can influence the zoo soundscape. However, it is difficult to determine the specific impact of human presence, as visitors are usually present during the day when animals are active. The COVID-19 lockdown in 2020 provided a unique opportunity to study zoo soundscapes in the absence of visitors. We compared the sound environment during the 2020 closure period to a comparable open period in 2019 across three zoo aviaries, examining broad band frequency measures of sound pressure levels, sound pressure levels in defined frequency bands, and acoustic indices (Acoustic Complexity Index and Normalized Difference Soundscape Index) to describe the zoo soundscape. Acoustic indices have not, to our knowledge, previously been used in the zoo setting, although they may provide a useful metric to assess sound disturbance. Therefore, we also used this natural experiment to explore how successful these measures may be in assessing disturbances in captive environments. We found a significant effect of human presence on the sound environment; aviaries were generally quieter with less low frequency noise and with a greater proportion of biotic sound during the 2020 zoo closure period. We argue that NDSI could be a useful index for determining anthropogenic disturbance in zoos, although further information on how it is influenced by additional factors, such as human speech, would be beneficial. The use of multiple measures to assess the sound environment in zoos can provide additional information beyond 'loudness', such as frequencies where sound energy is concentrated and characteristics of the soundscape, which could be used to better target management and mitigation.
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.19.540934v1" target="_blank">Assessing the effect of zoo closure on the soundscape using multiple measures</a>
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<li><strong>A scoping review of behavioural science approaches and frameworks for health protection and emergency response</strong> -
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Aim: Rapid intervention development, implementation and evaluation is required for emergency public health contexts, such as the recent COVID-19 pandemic. A novel Agile Co-production and Evaluation (ACE) framework has been developed to assist this endeavour in future public health emergencies. This scoping review aimed to map available behavioural science resources that can be used to develop and evaluate public health guidance, messaging, and interventions in emergency contexts onto components of ACE: rapid development and implementation, co-production with patients or the public including seldom heard voices from diverse communities, and inclusion of evaluation. Methods: A scoping review methodology was used. Searches were run on MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsychInfo, and Google, with search terms covering emergency response and behavioural science. Papers published since 2014 and which discussed a framework or guidance for using behavioural science in response to a public health emergency, were included. A narrative synthesis was conducted. Results: Seventeen records were included in the synthesis. The records covered a range of emergency contexts, the most frequent of which were COVID-19 (n=7) and non-specific emergencies (n=4). One record evaluated existing tools, six proposed new tools, and ten described existing tools. Commonly used tools included the Behavioural Change Wheel, Capability, Opportunity, and Motivation Behaviour model (COM-B model) and social identity theory. Three records discuss co-production with the target audience and consideration of diverse populations. Four records incorporate rapid testing, evaluation, or validation methods. Six records state that their tool is designed to be implemented rapidly. No records cover all components of ACE. Conclusion: We recommend that future research explores how to create guidance involving rapid implementation, co-production with patients or the public including seldom-heard voices from diverse communities, and evaluation. Keywords: behavioural insights, emergency response, health protection.
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.19.23290226v1" target="_blank">A scoping review of behavioural science approaches and frameworks for health protection and emergency response</a>
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<li><strong>A systematic narrative review of coroners’ prevention of future deaths reports (PFDs): a potential metric for patient safety in hospitals</strong> -
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Patient harm due to unsafe healthcare is widespread, potentially devastating, and often preventable. Hoping to eliminate avoidable harms, the World Health Organization (WHO) published the Global Patient Safety Action Plan in July 2021. The UK9s National Health Service relies on several measures, including “never events”, “serious incidents”, patient safety events, and coroners9 prevention of future death reports (PFDs) to monitor healthcare quality and safety. We conducted a systematic narrative review of PubMed and medRxiv on 19 February 2023 to explore the strengths and limitations of coroners9 PFDs and whether they could be a safety metric to help meet the WHO9s Global Patient Safety Action Plan. We identified 17 studies that investigated a range of PFDs, including preventable deaths involving medicines and an assessment during the COVID-19 pandemic. We found that PFDs offered important information that could support hospitals to improve patient safety and prevent deaths. However, inconsistent reporting, low response rates to PFDs, and difficulty in accessing, analysing, and monitoring PFDs limited their use and adoption as a patient safety metric for hospitals. To fulfil the potential of PFDs, a national system is required that develops guidelines, sanctions failed responses, and embeds technology to encourage the prevention of future deaths.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.19.23290187v1" target="_blank">A systematic narrative review of coroners’ prevention of future deaths reports (PFDs): a potential metric for patient safety in hospitals</a>
</div></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-clinical-trials">From Clinical Trials</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>The Standard of Care Combined With Glucocorticoid in Elderly People With Mild or Moderate COVID-19</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Drug: Glucocorticoid<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Huashan Hospital<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Investigation of the Effect on Cognitive Skills of COVID-19 Survivors</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Other: green walking and intelligence gam<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   Bayburt University;   Karadeniz Technical University<br/><b>Completed</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Conducting Clinical Trials of the Medicine “Rutan Tablets 0.1g” No. 10 in the Complex Therapy of COVID-19</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   Patients With COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Drug: The drug “Rutan 0.1”.;   Other: Basic treatment<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Research Institute of Virology, Ministry of Health of the Republic of Uzbekistan<br/><b>Completed</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Arginine Replacement Therapy in COVID-19</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Drug: Arginine Hydrochloride<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Emory University<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Effectiveness of a Second COVID-19 Vaccine Booster in Chinese Adults</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Biological: Intramuscularly administered Ad5-nCoV vaccine;   Biological: Aerosolized Ad5-nCoV;   Biological: DelNS1-2019-nCoV-RBD-OPT1;   Biological: SYS6006<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Jiangsu Province Centers for Disease Control and Prevention<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Studying the Efficiency of the Natural Preparation Rutan in Children in the Treatment of COVID-19, ARVI</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19 Respiratory Infection<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Drug: Rutan 25 mg;   Other: Control group<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Research Institute of Virology, Ministry of Health of the Republic of Uzbekistan<br/><b>Completed</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A Pilot Study Evaluating the Efficacy of the Vielight Neuro RX Gamma in the Treatment of Post COVID-19 Cognitive Impairment</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   Post COVID-19 Cognitive Impairment<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Device: Vielight Neuro RX Gamma active device;   Device: Vielight Neuro RX Gamma sham device<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Vielight Inc.<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>PAxlovid loNg cOvid-19 pRevention triAl With recruitMent In the Community in Norway</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>:   Post COVID-19 Condition, Unspecified;   SARS-CoV2 Infection;   COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Drug: Nirmatrelvir/ritonavir;   Drug: Placebo<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   Haukeland University Hospital;   University of Bergen<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Use of a Hypochlorous Acid Spray Solution in the Treatment of COVID-19 Patients : COVICONTROL Study .</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   SARS CoV 2 Infection<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Other: Spray with Hypochlorous Acid Group;   Other: Spray with Placebo Group<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   University of Monastir<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Role of Vit-D Supplementation on BioNTech, Pfizer Vaccine Side Effect and Immunoglobulin G Response</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19 Respiratory Infection<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Combination Product: Vitamin-D<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Sulaimany Polytechnic university<br/><b>Completed</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Telerehabilitation Program and Detraining in Patients With Post-COVID-19 Sequelae</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19 Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Other: Telerehabilitation program<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Campus docent Sant Joan de Déu-Universitat de Barcelona<br/><b>Completed</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>COVID-19 Vaccine Uptake Amongst Underserved Populations in East London</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>:   COVID-19;   Influenza;   Vaccination Refusal<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Device: Patient Engagement tool<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   Queen Mary University of London;   Social Action for Health<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>REVERSE-Long COVID-19 With Baricitinib Pilot Study</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Drug: Baricitinib 4 MG<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   Vanderbilt University Medical Center;   Emory University;   University of California, San Francisco;   University of Minnesota;   Vanderbilt University;   Yale University<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Post Covid-19 Dysautonomia Rehabilitation Randomized Controlled Trial</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>:   Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome;   Dysautonomia<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Procedure: Rehabilitation;   Procedure: Standard of Care<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   Evangelismos Hospital;   National and Kapodistrian University of Athens;   LONG COVID GREECE;   414 Military Hospital of Special Diseases<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Exercise for Health in Patients With Post-acute Sequelae of COVID-19</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   Long COVID<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Other: Rehabilitation program<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   Campus docent Sant Joan de Déu-Universitat de Barcelona;   Hospital de Mataró;   University of Barcelona<br/><b>Active, not recruiting</b></p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-pubmed">From PubMed</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Inhibition of SARS-CoV-2-mediated thromboinflammation by CLEC2.Fc</strong> - Thromboinflammation is the major cause of morbidity and mortality in COVID-19 patients, and post-mortem examination demonstrates the presence of platelet-rich thrombi and microangiopathy in visceral organs. Moreover, persistent microclots were detected in both acute COVID-19 and long COVID plasma samples. However, the molecular mechanism of SARS-CoV-2-induced thromboinflammation is still unclear. We found that the spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk)-coupled C-type lectin member 2 (CLEC2), which was…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong><em>In silico</em> identification and validation of phenolic lipids as potential inhibitor against bacterial and viral strains</strong> - The recurrence of coronavirus disease and bacterial resistant strains has drawn attention to naturally occurring bioactive molecules that can demonstrate broad-spectrum efficacy against bacteria as well as viral strains. The drug-like abilities of naturally available “anacardic acids” (AA) and their derivatives against different bacterial and viral protein targets through in-silico tools were explored. Three viral protein targets [P DB: 6Y2E (SARS-CoV-2), 1AT3 (Herpes) and 2VSM (Nipah)] and four…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Potential role of PIM1 inhibition in the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection</strong> - CONCLUSION: 2-pyridone PIM1 inhibitor could hinder cellular entry of SARS-CoV-2 and modulate several pathways implicated in immunity, suggesting a potential benefit in the development of anti-SARS-CoV-2 therapeutic approach.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>SARS-CoV-2 inhibition and specific targeting of infected cells by VSV particles carrying the ACE2 receptor</strong> - No abstract</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Understanding how transmembrane domains regulate interactions between human BST-2 and the SARS-CoV-2 accessory protein ORF7a</strong> - Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of COVID, replicates at intracellular membranes. Bone marrow stromal antigen 2 (BST-2; tetherin) is an antiviral response protein that inhibits transport of viral particles after budding within infected cells. RNA viruses such as SARS-CoV-2 use various strategies to disable BST-2, including use of transmembrane ‘accessory’ proteins that interfere with BST-2 oligomerization. ORF7a is a small, transmembrane protein…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Harringtonine: A more effective antagonist for Omicron variant</strong> - Fusion with host cell membrane is the main mechanism of infection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Here, we propose that a new strategy to screen small-molecule antagonists blocking SARS-CoV-2 membrane fusion. Using cell membrane chromatography (CMC), we found that harringtonine (HT) simultaneously targeted SARS-CoV-2 S protein and host cell surface TMPRSS2 expressed by the host cell, and subsequently confirmed that HT can inhibit membrane fusion. HT effectively…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A new cellular interactome of SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein and its biological implications</strong> - There is still much to uncover regarding the molecular details of SARS-CoV-2 infection. As the most abundant protein, coronavirus nucleocapsid (N) protein encapsidates viral RNAs, serving as the structural component of ribonucleoprotein and virion, and participates in transcription, replication, and host regulations. Virus-host interaction might give clues to better understand how the virus affects or is affected by its host during infection and identify promising therapeutic candidates….</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Deficient GABABergic and glutamatergic excitability in the motor cortex of patients with long-COVID and cognitive impairment</strong> - CONCLUSIONS: Neuro-Long COVID patients performing sub-optimally in the executive functions showed a reduction of LICI related to GABAb inhibition and a reduction of ICF related to glutamatergic regulation. No alteration in cholinergic circuits was found.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Optimization, and biological evaluation of 3-O-β-chacotriosyl betulinic acid amide derivatives as novel small-molecule Omicron</strong> - SARS-CoV-2 Omicron viruses possess a high antigenic shift, and the approved anti-SARS-CoV-2 drugs are extremely limited, which makes the development of new antiviral drugs for the clinical treatment and prevention of SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks imperative. We have previously discovered a new series of markedly potent small-molecule inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 virus entry, exampled by the hit compound 2. Here, we report a further study of bioisosteric replacement of the eater linker at the C-17 position of…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Synthetic and natural guanidine derivatives as antitumor and antimicrobial agents: A review</strong> - Guanidines are fascinating small nitrogen-rich organic compounds, which have been frequently associated with a wide range of biological activities. This is mainly due to their interesting chemical features. For these reasons, for the past decades, researchers have been synthesizing and evaluating guanidine derivatives. In fact, there are currently on the market several guanidine-bearing drugs. Given the broad panoply of pharmacological activities displayed by guanidine compounds, in this review,…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Dose-response and type-dependent effects of antiviral drugs in anaerobic digestion of waste-activated sludge for biogas production</strong> - In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, antiviral drugs (AVDs) were heavily excreted into wastewater and subsequently enriched in sewage sludge due to their widespread use. The potential ecological risks of AVDs have attracted increasing attention, but information on the effects of AVDs on sludge anaerobic digestion (AD) is limited. In this study, two typical AVDs (lamivudine and ritonavir) were selected to investigate the responses of AD to AVDs by biochemical methane potential tests. The…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Potential role of tirzepatide towards Covid-19 infection in diabetic patients: a perspective approach</strong> - In Covid-19, variations in fasting blood glucose are considered a distinct risk element for a bad prognosis and outcome in Covid-19 patients. Tirazepatide (TZT), a dual glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1)and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) receptor agonist may be effective in managing Covid-19-induced hyperglycemia in diabetic and non-diabetic patients. The beneficial effect of TZT in T2DM and obesity is related to direct activation of GIP and GLP-1 receptors with subsequent…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Heat waves accelerate the spread of infectious diseases</strong> - COVID-19 pandemic appeared summer surge in 2022 worldwide and this contradicts its seasonal fluctuations. Even as high temperature and intense ultraviolet radiation can inhibit viral activity, the number of new cases worldwide has increased to &gt;78% in only 1 month since the summer of 2022 under unchanged virus mutation influence and control policies. Using the attribution analysis based on the theoretical infectious diseases model simulation, we found the mechanism of the severe COVID-19…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Dextran sulfate from <em>Leuconostoc mesenteroides</em> B512F exerts potent antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 <em>in vitro</em> and <em>in vivo</em></strong> - The emergent human coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 and its resistance to current drugs makes the need for new potent treatments for COVID-19 patients strongly necessary. Dextran sulfate (DS) polysaccharides have long demonstrated antiviral activity against different enveloped viruses in vitro. However, their poor bioavailability has led to their abandonment as antiviral candidates. Here, we report for the first time the broad-spectrum antiviral activity of a DS-based extrapolymeric substance produced by…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>The novel hyaluronic acid granular hydrogel attenuates osteoarthritis progression by inhibiting the TLR-2/NF-κB signaling pathway through suppressing cellular senescence</strong> - In patients with mild osteoarthritis (OA), two to four monthly injections are required for 6 months due to the degradation of hyaluronic acid (HA) by peroxidative cleavage and hyaluronidase. However, frequent injections may lead to local infection and also cause inconvenience to patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. Herein, we developed a novel HA granular hydrogel (n-HA) with improved degradation resistance. The chemical structure, injectable capability, morphology, rheological properties,…</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-patent-search">From Patent Search</h1>
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<h1 data-aos="fade-down" id="daily-dose">Daily-Dose</h1>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" data-aos-anchor-placement="top-bottom" id="contents">Contents</h1>
<ul>
<li><a href="#from-new-yorker">From New Yorker</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-vox">From Vox</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-the-hindu-sports">From The Hindu: Sports</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-the-hindu-national-news">From The Hindu: National News</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-bbc-europe">From BBC: Europe</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-ars-technica">From Ars Technica</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-jokes-subreddit">From Jokes Subreddit</a></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-new-yorker">From New Yorker</h1>
<ul>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>“Debt-Limit Terror” Is No Way to Run a Superpower</strong> - On the latest round of the Republicans’ dangerous game. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/letter-from-bidens-washington/debt-limit-terror-is-no-way-to-run-a-superpower">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Why Erdoğan Prevailed in a Battle of Competing Turkish Nationalisms</strong> - As the country heads to a Presidential runoff, will the aftermath of a devastating earthquake hold more sway than old narratives of grievance? - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/q-and-a/why-erdogan-prevailed-in-a-battle-of-competing-turkish-nationalisms">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>The Debt-Ceiling Fight’s Collateral Damage</strong> - Last week, dozens of members of ADAPT, the disability-rights group, forced their way into Kevin McCarthy’s office to protest his proposed cuts to the social safety net. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/culture/photo-booth/the-debt-ceiling-fights-collateral-damage">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>The Far-Seeing Faith of Tim Keller</strong> - The pastor created a new blueprint for Christian thought, showing how traditional doctrine could address the crisis of modern life. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/postscript/the-far-seeing-faith-of-tim-keller">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Title 42 Is Gone, But What Are Asylum Seekers Supposed to Do Now?</strong> - It’s hard to imagine an area of federal policymaking more vexed than immigration, generally, and asylum, specifically. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/news-desk/title-42-is-gone-but-what-are-asylum-seekers-supposed-to-do-now">link</a></p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-vox">From Vox</h1>
<ul>
<li><strong>One state just became a national leader on child care. Here’s how they did it.</strong> -
<figure>
<img alt="A protester in a crowd in front of a domed government building holds a sign that reads “Child care is essential.”" src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/_5BmuWw6R7ocK7e0p7yuHCa8wT4=/308x0:5224x3687/1310x983/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_image/image/72301686/LGK___Courage_To_Care_Rally__BDP_0271.0.jpg"/>
<figcaption>
Rally for child care on the State House Lawn in Montpelier on April 12th, 2023 | Let’s Grow Kids
</figcaption>
</figure>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Inside the winning fight in Vermont.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="QXm5Zv">
Action in Congress to support child care has been stalled for years. But in Vermont, lawmakers have just approved an ambitious plan that would pour tens of millions of new dollars into the state’s starved <a href="https://www.vox.com/child-care">child care</a> system.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="W7oGTQ">
The bill authorizing<strong> </strong><a href="https://legislature.vermont.gov/Documents/2024/WorkGroups/House%20Human%20Services/Bills/H.217/Drafts,%20Amendments%20and%20Legal%20Documents/H.217~Nolan%20Langweil~Fiscal%20Note,%20Senate%20Proposal%20of%20Amendment~5-12-2023.pdf">$125 million in annual investment</a> comes after nearly a decade of organizing. As in many states, thousands of Vermont kids <a href="https://bipartisanpolicy.org/download/?file=/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Vermont.pdf">lack access</a> to any child care program, and among families that have been able to land competitive slots, average costs <a href="https://ltgov.vermont.gov/news-lt-governor-zuckerman-issues-statement-s56-act-relating-child-care-and-early-childhood">exceed $26,000 a year</a>, more than 30 percent of many families’ household income.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="4dTpct">
Meanwhile, child care workers are some of the lowest paid employees in the state, earning about $15 per hour, and typically with no benefits. Given that their workers could make more money doing just about anything else, programs struggle to hire and retain staff — adding additional stress to parents who can’t rely on their child care programs to stay open.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Ue2v17">
The newly approved <a href="https://legislature.vermont.gov/Documents/2024/Docs/BILLS/H-0217/H-0217%20As%20Passed%20by%20Both%20House%20and%20Senate%20Official.pdf">child care bill</a> would expand state subsidies for families earning up to 575 percent of the federal poverty level (or $172,000 for a family of four) and families earning up to 175 percent of the poverty line (or $52,000 for a family of four) would now pay nothing out of pocket.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="mDlgCf">
The new payments will<strong> </strong>mean an infusion of funds for child care,<strong> </strong>allowing providers to be reimbursed at a 35 percent higher rate than they currently are. The legislation also tasks lawmakers with studying how to create an affordable full-day pre-K system.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="erbPlY">
The investments would be paid for in part by a new payroll tax, of which employers would cover at least 75 percent. It’s not law yet — it’s headed to Republican Gov. Phil Scott’s desk, who has previously said he would reject any new taxes. His office did not return request for comment, but Democrats have a supermajority in the Vermont legislature and have made clear they would override any veto in June.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="4hQHZg">
Vermont’s legislative victory comes nearly a year after the <a href="https://www.vox.com/2022/8/8/23296951/inflation-reduction-act-biden-democrats-climate-change">Inflation Reduction Act</a> passed the US Senate without any child care provisions, a gutting blow after the House had approved a $390 billion investment in November 2021. The Vermont victory also comes as federal pandemic child care subsidies are expiring, and <a href="https://www.vox.com/joe-biden">President Joe Biden</a> looks to make child care a top priority heading into his reelection campaign. Last month, Biden <a href="https://apnews.com/article/biden-child-care-caregivers-executive-order-7e84b3a24ed80dc169823687456cd663">signed new executive orders</a> to boost child care programs and their workers.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="40LiQf">
The path to victory in Vermont offers a roadmap for activists in other states who want to see increased public investment into their child care systems, and insight into the policy trade-offs leaders had to make for their measure to get through the legislative process.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="loL0zz">
“Vermont showed that you can have a bold vision, cultivate a broad base of support, persevere though budget battles and pandemics, and make the state a better place for those who don’t have a voice in politics,” said Helene Stebbins, the executive director of the Alliance for Early Success, a national nonprofit that supports early childhood advocacy. “The hard part is not the policy — it’s the strategy, and the patience.”
</p>
<h3 id="VhaAib">
How Vermont built its winning coalition
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="lCc5wZ">
The origins of Vermont’s child care campaign trace back to 2000, when a Burlington real estate developer named Rick Davis and his friend in private equity, Carl Ferenbach, launched a foundation dedicated to supporting Vermont children.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="eX7r9k">
For its first decade, the foundation focused on a range of initiatives, including youth centers, <a href="https://campagapevermont.org/about/">programs</a> for kids with incarcerated parents, and supporting new community pre-K programs. This work helped prompt Vermont legislators to pass a bill <a href="https://www.vermontpublic.org/vpr-news/2014-05-29/universal-pre-k-becomes-law-in-vermont#stream/0">in 2014 </a>requiring all school districts to offer at least 10 hours per week of publicly funded pre-K.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="GPT4aB">
Yet huge gaps remained, and the philanthropists grew more interested in the emerging research demonstrating the cognitive importance of a child’s earliest years. Teaming up and pooling money with <a href="https://www.hendersonfdn.org/our-founders/">other</a> <a href="https://www.turrellfund.org/">foundations</a> interested in children’s issues, the two men launched Let’s Grow Kids in 2014 to boost child care access, an area they thought would carry the most bang for their charitable buck. They pointed to economic studies that found every dollar spent on high-quality early childhood programs yielded <a href="https://www.wildcatdistrict.k-state.edu/food-family/child-development/documents/5%20Numbers%20to%20Remember.pdf">a return of $4-$9</a>.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="J55S6s">
“Everybody knows we should invest early to save money down the road,” <a href="https://letsgrowkids.org/newsroom/lets-grow-kids-dream-team-lobbies-for-early-education-dollars">explained Davis</a>, who often framed his work in terms of economic development. “We’ve got to find ways to get young families to come to Vermont and stay.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="VIAFSu">
In 2015, Bob and Christine Stiller, the founders of Vermont-based Green Mountain Coffee Roasters, gave Let’s Grow Kids a massive $20 million gift, and the group pledged to achieve their mission by 2025. This so-called venture philanthropy idea was to essentially use foundations as a catalyst for legislative change.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="PMJCOQ">
Let’s Grow Kids assembled <a href="https://www.sevendaysvt.com/vermont/lets-grow-kids-dream-team-lobbies-for-early-education-dollars/Content?oid=5314087">a powerful team</a> of lobbyists and organizers to lead the campaign. In 2015, Davis recruited Aly Richards, a top aide to Vermont Gov. Peter Shumlin, to serve as CEO. While working for Shumlin, Richards led the push to establish Vermont’s universal pre-K program. Other Let’s Grow Kids leaders included a former lobbyist for victims’ rights and <a href="https://www.sevendaysvt.com/vermont/heres-to-you-ms-robinson/Content?oid=2136651">a campaigner for legalizing same-sex marriage</a>.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="zHpDXY">
The philanthropic investments helped support statewide organizing, ultimately bringing more than 35,000 Vermonters<strong> </strong>into the campaign. Volunteers wrote op-eds, signed petitions and pledges, turned out for rallies, and testified before state lawmakers. Let’s Grow Kids also funded television ads and digital marketing, and organized 1:1 meetings with politicians. They helped mobilize<strong> </strong>child care workers to share their stories, and during the 2016 election, they asked all state candidates how they would address Vermont’s child care problem, and posted their responses online.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="99oCtH">
Let’s Grow Kids conceived of their strategy from scratch but studied lessons from other winning campaigns like Freedom to Marry. “We’re very small, very nimble, and we had an opportunity and responsibility to be a pioneer,” Richards said.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="yw8WKY">
In 2021, with just four years left until their organization planned to shut down, Let’s Grow Kids established a sister 501(c)4 organization to exert more power in the <a href="https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/23357154/2022-midterm-elections-guide">2022 midterms</a>. Their goal was to support candidates who not only committed to prioritizing child care, but who also would commit to increasing public investment. Let’s Grow Kids ultimately endorsed 130 candidates last cycle, of which 117 won in November. This led to the first-ever coalition of self-described child care champions headed to Montpelier.
</p>
<h3 id="PMygck">
The political compromises lawmakers had to make
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="WBhHqG">
Partly spurred by the Let’s Grow Kids campaign, Vermont lawmakers <a href="https://legislature.vermont.gov/Documents/2022/Docs/ACTS/ACT045/ACT045%20As%20Enacted.pdf">passed a law</a> in 2021 setting goals to expand child care slots, to limit family child care spending to no more than 10 percent of their annual income, and to pay early childhood educators comparable wages as kindergarten teachers in public schools.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="RPJKLP">
Policymakers then commissioned a study to figure out how much that would all cost. To meet all those objectives, state officials would need to raise between $179 million and $279 million in new public funding, according to <a href="https://www.rand.org/pubs/research_reports/RRA2213-1.html">a report</a> led by the Rand Corporation published this past January. The consultants suggested instituting a new payroll tax, a new sales tax, or a new services tax to get it done.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="GGS6aR">
Even coming in this year with a Democratic supermajority, new committed legislative champions, and a well-funded lobbying effort, the last few months in Montpelier demonstrated the tough political compromises inherent to passing any new program.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="M558D3">
Lawmakers <a href="https://www.vermontpublic.org/local-news/2023-01-18/report-says-lawmakers-need-to-spend-up-to-279-million-to-make-child-care-affordable-for-all">said they weren’t ready to commit</a> to spending as much as the Rand report recommended. When the legislative session began, Vermont Senate lawmakers proposed instead expanding child care subsidies for families earning up to 600 percent of the federal poverty level, (or $180,000 for a family of four), paid for by a new payroll tax funded primarily by employers. They thought this was fair, as child care largely provides a benefit to employers. To help fund those new subsidies, Senate lawmakers also proposed repealing a $1,000 per-child tax credit Vermont <a href="https://vtdigger.org/2023/03/26/new-child-tax-credit-offers-financial-support-to-families-with-young-children/">authorized last year</a>.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="6vf1to">
In the House, lawmakers favored keeping the child tax credit in place and instead wanted to fund child care investments via a new progressive corporate and personal income tax. In this scenario, wealthier individuals and businesses would finance the bulk of the new revenue, but all taxpayers would still help contribute to a social program that benefits the greater good. The chair of the Senate finance committee said he didn’t like taxing people who might not ultimately need child care services.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="q1ltUJ">
Lawmakers <a href="https://www.vermontpublic.org/local-news/2023-05-09/impasse-between-vt-house-and-senate-lawmakers-puts-major-child-care-bill-in-jeopardy">were gridlocked for weeks</a>, and it was not clear the two chambers would be able to compromise. In the end, House lawmakers <a href="https://vtdigger.org/2023/05/11/breaking-their-impasse-over-funding-house-and-senate-make-child-care-deal/">agreed to the payroll tax</a>, but funding families only up to 575 percent of the poverty level, not 600 percent, so that the child credit would stay in place.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="nIdq6h">
The final legislation garnered approval from Democrats, progressives, independents, even some Republicans and a Libertarian. “It is not easy to ask Vermonters — any Vermonter — to pay just a little more, which seems to be a theme of this session,” <a href="https://vtdigger.org/2023/05/12/lawmakers-pass-bill-to-make-quantum-leap-in-child-care-investments/">said Republican Rep. Ashley Bartley</a> of Fairfax. “However, the price of inaction is far greater.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="qkzts1">
While Let’s Grow Kids didn’t achieve their goal of capping child care costs at 10 percent for all families, advocates have hailed this as a <a href="https://vtdigger.org/2023/05/12/lawmakers-pass-bill-to-make-quantum-leap-in-child-care-investments/">“quantum leap”</a> forward and note they still have two more years left to push for additional investment, as well as to formalize a compensation scale for workers. Higher-income families that won’t receive direct financial assistance will still benefit from new subsidies flowing into the system, which can stabilize the workforce and boost program quality.
</p>
<h3 id="JGrRFW">
Vermont’s child care political blueprint
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="sGp48e">
Not every state has the kind of philanthropic infrastructure Vermont enjoys. Experts say, though, their political roadmap could be replicated elsewhere, including the assemblage of a diverse coalition of parents, grandparents, business <a href="https://legislature.vermont.gov/Documents/2024/WorkGroups/Senate%20Economic%20Development/Child%20Care/W~Michele%20Asch~Open%20Letter%20from%20Vermont%20Business%20Leaders~1-19-2023.pdf">leaders</a>, and child care workers.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="8zjkih">
“I really think that no matter the demographics of a state, no matter the political landscape, there is something that cuts through anything and that’s grassroots mobilization,” Richards told Vox.
</p>
<figure class="e-image">
<img alt=" " src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/NZwqxFibwD6u9p7aQixO4lG3K8U=/800x0/filters:no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/24663652/C2C_1.jpg"/> <cite>Let’s Grow Kids</cite>
<figcaption>
Rally outside the state capitol for child care investments in April 2023.
</figcaption>
</figure>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="uZ0Dfd">
The only other state to take comparable leadership in state child care investments is New Mexico, which successfully organized <a href="https://ballotpedia.org/New_Mexico_Constitutional_Amendment_1,_Land_Grant_Permanent_Fund_Distribution_for_Early_Childhood_Education_Amendment_(2022)">a ballot measure</a> this past fall that authorizes new money from a state sovereign wealth fund to provide dedicated funding for universal preschool and child care. Like Vermont, the victory came after <a href="https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2022/10/18/23404090/new-mexico-election-result-child-care-early-childhood-prek">a decade-long organizing campaign</a>, where early childhood educators helped lead the fight.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="sSNNcE">
While Vermont’s win is yet another example of the child care movement gaining momentum, Jennifer Wells, the director of economic justice at Community Change Action, said the “real lesson” from states like Vermont and New Mexico is that the system is broken, and federal investment is needed to fund the true cost of child care, to pay early educators what they deserve, and to make care affordable for families.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="HjHjtY">
Miriam Calderon, the chief policy officer with Zero To Three, a national advocacy group focused on infants and toddlers, agreed with Wells that states can’t fix this problem alone.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="JjI6uU">
“In the short term this looks like not letting tens of billions of dollars in federal child care funding expire in September and protecting child care funds from deep cuts proposed as part of the default debates,” she said. “Long term, we need to pass the <a href="https://bobbyscott.house.gov/media-center/press-releases/scott-murray-reintroduce-child-care-working-families-act-tackle-child">Child Care for Working Families Act</a>, which ensures a strong federal and state partnership in funding the early care and education our babies and toddlers and families deserve.”
</p></li>
<li><strong>Gen Z just wants a stable job</strong> -
<figure>
<img alt="Illustration of three tiny figures walking in a line on a vast grid." src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/sZ2lMbUcDR9UxSd5mrY1IZIiVmE=/0x0:7697x5773/1310x983/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_image/image/72301599/GettyImages_1324681268.0.jpg"/>
<figcaption>
Getty Images
</figcaption>
</figure>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Young people are suddenly interested in working for the military industrial complex.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="jnfDqh">
For new college grads, the tech industry is out, and the defense industry is in. Well, sort of.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="AruyYa">
Companies like Raytheon and Lockheed Martin saw some of the biggest jumps in search interest by this year’s grads on the popular college career site <a href="https://joinhandshake.com/network-trends/new-grad-future-of-work/">Handshake</a>. Meanwhile, not a single tech company made the top 10. When it came to applying for work, there was huge growth in the number of applications to <a href="https://www.vox.com/labor-jobs">jobs</a> in government, law, and politics (84 percent); energy (53 percent); and pretty much every industry that isn’t tech, although that grew too (8 percent). This likely reflects the overall 24 percent growth in full-time applications this year, as students struggle with a rougher job market than last year.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="QHA6wv">
If you don’t spend a lot of time with Gen Z, it might be confusing that such an idealistic and tech-savvy generation would want to work for defense contractors or the government. But talking with new grads, it starts making sense. They don’t have the same associations as millennials like me who witnessed — and protested — the forever wars in Iraq and Afghanistan. But they have been exposed to lots of other chaos in their young lives and now crave stability. Some see that in defense jobs as well as more tried-and-true industries. Chevron, Boeing, Bank of America, and NASA also topped the list as far as growth in interest.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="x3S28F">
“Financial stability is really important,” said Emma Fringuelli, a new Smith graduate who has accepted a job at a newspaper north of Boston. Journalism <a href="https://www.vox.com/technology/2023/4/20/23691852/buzzfeed-news-rip-digital-media-industry">isn’t the most stable</a> career these days, either, but stability looks different in the humanities. “Any job is a good job because you actually have something that can sustain you,” she said.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="S59ilA">
Some 85 percent of 2023 grads said stability was important to them, according to a Handshake <a href="https://joinhandshake.com/network-trends/gen-z-salary-transparency/">report</a> this year, up from <a href="https://joinhandshake.com/network-trends/2023-forges-ahead/">74 percent</a> at the beginning of their senior year. It was the most important thing they considered when applying for a job — something that’s not usually the case. Historically, things like pay and brand name have topped the list, according to Handshake.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="sPaYYH">
“I have worked at four different institutions, and I have advised thousands of students,” Christine Cruzvergara, Handshake’s chief education strategy officer, told me. “And stability historically has not been one of the top factors for what students would look at.”
</p>
<h3 id="kzXKUX">
Why are Gen Z grads so focused on job security and stability?
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="ORRwy5">
There are a few reasons why the latest graduating class cares so much for stability.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="JqIOPM">
Though still young at the time, the class of 2023 was old enough to know its parents or friends’ parents lost jobs during the Great Recession, and to feel the stress and economic fallout from it.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="yb4VXI">
“I remember driving through the neighborhood seeing people who had been evicted and all their stuff on the lawn,” said Mary Miller, a recent global studies graduate who has secured a job as a public engagement coordinator at a nonprofit. “It was kind of scary as a kid.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="tkPSMZ">
Then, halfway through their first year at college, the pandemic hit, causing massive layoffs and upending many students’ college experience.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="LCalZv">
“This class in particular has experienced a completely different year, every single year of their entire college experience,” Cruzvergara said. “From freshman to senior year, they have experienced nothing that has looked exactly the same as the year before.”
</p>
<div class="c-float-right">
<aside id="gZ0PT1">
<q>Gen Z may not dream of labor, but they know they have to work to live</q>
</aside>
</div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="HpoylD">
Nina Stevens, who will soon graduate from law school and has a job lined up with a law firm, said she hadn’t really considered stability before the pandemic. “Covid really recalibrated that for me,” she said. “I feared that I would end up unemployed again, watching all my friends go through that and having to move back home. I didn’t want that to happen.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Se1Afi">
Now, just as they’re graduating college and should be entering the job market, news of layoffs at the tech companies that have been expanding their whole lives is blanketing the headlines. A recession continues to loom, threatening what’s been a strong job market. It’s a confusing <a href="https://www.vox.com/economy">economy</a> for everyone, let alone people just starting out in it.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="kYORFe">
Gen Z <a href="https://www.vox.com/the-highlight/22977663/gen-z-antiwork-capitalism">may not dream of labor</a>, but they know they have to work to live. And they don’t necessarily see that drive as compromising their other ideals, such as having a positive impact on the world and maintaining work-life balance.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="NxKGtd">
They’re just trying to thread that needle.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="x75yQC">
Apparently, government jobs and even defense contractors can fit, though that wasn’t what I heard from any of the 10 or so grads I spoke with. The new grads are keen to find stable work — and many already have — but they also want to feel like that work is doing good in the world. They’re willing to work hard but say they have boundaries around hours, demand flexibility, and want their employer to acknowledge there’s more to life than work — a sentiment at home with a lot of the larger work conversation that has <a href="https://www.vox.com/recode/23042785/the-great-resignation-older-tenured-higher-paid">defined the Great Resignation</a>.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="QqOb7p">
“I want to work somewhere where I know people, and they know me, and there is an understanding that we are people outside our jobs,” said Jessica Nowak, a cinema major graduating from San Francisco State University.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="LVJ1IF">
Gen Z is more likely than other generations to say they’re looking for a new job that better aligns with their values, has more opportunities, and pays more, according to a <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/gen-z-boldest-generation-its-job-hunt-priorities-off-charts-anders">survey last year by LinkedIn</a>.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="PZiTeI">
It’s ostensibly not much to ask for, but it’s more than other generations have.
</p>
<h3 id="kwWX9E">
What job market is the class of 2023 entering?
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="RmfkzF">
Grads might just get what they want thanks in part to the fact that, despite ongoing concerns about the economy, the job market is actually very good. Unemployment hasn’t been this low in <a href="https://www.bls.gov/opub/ted/2023/unemployment-rate-3-4-percent-in-april-2023.htm#:~:text=The%20unemployment%20rate%20was%20little,percent%2C%20along%20with%20January%202023.">more than 50 years</a>. The situation holds for new grads, even if the picture isn’t as rosy as last year.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="j3Jeoi">
Employers are planning to hire 4 percent more graduates from the Class of 2023 than they did from the Class of 2022, according to a <a href="https://www.naceweb.org/job-market/trends-and-predictions/employers-hiring-projections-for-class-of-2023-up-3-point-9-percent-but-down-from-fall/">recent survey by the National Association of Colleges and Employers</a>. That’s lower than they had estimated last fall but still represents notable growth.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="lE7UIV">
Payroll and HR platform Gusto is <a href="https://gusto.com/company-news/job-growth-cools-for-new-college-graduates-in-2023-but-opportunities-remain">forecasting</a> a similar story. Hiring of 20- to 24-year-olds into full-time salaried positions this month is expected to grow by 5.4 percent, down from 7.2 percent growth in May 2022. So the labor market for new graduates is still growing but at a slower rate.
</p>
<div class="c-float-left">
<aside id="VmDRAV">
<q>The labor market for grads looks a lot more like 2018 or 2019 than 2008 or 2009</q>
</aside>
</div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="pR5Z8H">
“It’s coming down from its peak of the last two years, but it’s coming back to levels that we had seen in prior years,” Gusto economist Luke Pardue said. “It’s not falling off a cliff like a lot of the headlines might lead people to think.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="41zT0W">
In other words, the labor market for grads looks a lot more like 2018 or 2019 than 2008 or 2009.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="3TCOzj">
Part of the challenge for new grads will be understanding that there are jobs out there, even if they have to look harder than in recent years.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="oqzTMy">
“There are still opportunities. It just may be a little bit more difficult, and it may take a little more persistence,” said Kelli Smith, assistant vice president for student success at Binghamton University. “We’re encouraging them to not let those challenges get them down to the point where they’re not applying anymore.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="vU9tPL">
Though pain can certainly be found elsewhere, much of the layoffs have been isolated to the tech industry. But that doesn’t mean things are bleak for tech grads, either.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="R2eW6F">
Graduates with degrees in things like computer science are widening their net to industries outside of tech, where their skills are still hugely in demand. For tech majors, Handshake saw an <a href="https://joinhandshake.com/tech-talent/tech-talent-boosts-non-tech-companies/">8 percent drop</a> in applications to tech companies this year compared with a year ago, but saw a growth in applications to all other industries, including <a href="https://www.vox.com/health-care">health care</a>, government, and nonprofits.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="BboNLO">
Two computer science majors I spoke with, roommates at Brown University, are headed into the music industry. Chance Emerson plans to tour as a folk-pop musician, while Jack Riley is planning on doing freelance music production.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="95MMKI">
They both stumbled on something they’re more passionate about than computer science in recent years, but that doesn’t mean they’re forgoing it entirely. Emerson, for example, has created a startup that helps other musicians connect with their fans. Both also work remotely for mentor program Curious Cardinals.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="ZeaQWg">
“One thing I will say about stability is that I’m excited to have a computer science degree for myself because I’m not worried about finding a job if I need to,” Emerson said.
</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>On Succession, it’s time to face Logan Roy’s legacy</strong> -
<figure>
<img alt="The four Roy children attend their father’s funeral in HBO’s Succession." src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/LQQTmWrc3owW8MCenO8WA4CxySE=/45x0:1453x1056/1310x983/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_image/image/72301191/justine_lupe_alan_ruck_kieran_culkin_jeremy_strong_sarah_snook.0.jpeg"/>
<figcaption>
The four Roy children attend their father’s funeral in HBO’s <em>Succession</em>. | Macall Polay/HBO
</figcaption>
</figure>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Trauma, chaos, and a nation in peril.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="LQetjI">
<em><strong>Note: This article contains spoilers for several </strong></em><strong>Succession</strong><em><strong> episodes, particularly season four, episode nine, “Church and State.”</strong></em>
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="vxxCzL">
Last week’s episode of <em>Succession</em> took place inside the ATN headquarters on Election Day with barely a glimpse of the outside world. Now, in <em>Church and State, </em>the penultimate episode of the series, it’s the day of Logan’s funeral, and we see that New York is burning. In the aftermath of the fishy election of right-wing demagogue Jeryd Mencken, there are roving bands of protesters, stores boarding up their windows, gridlock in the streets, and police everywhere. Logan Roy is dead; the city is alive with fury.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="hDQ0Ef">
This chaos has been building up for years, and we’ve been shown brief glimpses of how the world reacts to the right-wing, politically polarizing media empire the Roy family has created. In season one, activists disgruntled by ATN’s racist, misogynist coverage threw a water balloon of piss at Logan. A few episodes ago, a racist ATN fan physically attacked Kendall’s daughter. Now that slow buildup has erupted, propelled by a seething energy that the Roys — especially Logan — spent their lives stoking but can’t control. Logan isn’t even around to see what he’s wrought.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="RcHmFS">
The last episode of <em>Succession</em> airs on May 28, which is hard to believe because the lives of these characters — and the world around them — are in shambles.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="qrmEfU">
Given that <em>Succession</em> has always been most fascinated by the ambiguities, the blurry margins, of power and human greed, it now seems unlikely that it will tie up everything with a neat bow. Kendall and Shiv’s naked ambition to succeed their father as the sole leader of their company still hasn’t come to a head; the corporate GoJo-Waystar war to gobble up the other wages on. The question of who “wins” <em>Succession</em> has always been a half-serious, reductive way to describe what might happen in the series finale, but it’s become vanishingly difficult to imagine any of these broken, nasty people emerging with a sense of inner peace. It’s even harder to envision that the Roys will inherit a world that hasn’t been utterly polluted by their presence.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="OTGmS5">
The antics of this family in the last few episodes have been a disquieting reminder that, beyond the fandom’s memes and jokes, there <em>is</em> actually no one to root for. That was never the point. The question is, what do we have left to learn about how their narrow, privileged world intersects with ours? <em>Church and State</em> zooms out and shows us more bluntly than ever before.
</p>
<h3 id="WTG8C6">
Disarray and disorder after Mencken’s election
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="erP7Qy">
Kendall (Jeremy Strong) drives past disturbing, apocalyptic scenes of New York in post-election disarray — it’s never made explicit whether the protesters are for Daniel Jiménez or Jeryd Mencken, or a mix of both, though a TV chyron in the background of one scene reveals that at least some of them are Jiménez supporters. The vote results for Wisconsin, which lost a significant chunk of ballots in an election-night fire, can’t be certified until all the lost absentee ballots are counted. The pandemonium isn’t likely to resolve any time soon.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="lve3Nc">
Ken calls Roman (Kieran Culkin), wondering if they should advise Mencken to tone down his rhetoric. Roman, who is delivering the big eulogy and has been practicing it in the creepiest daddy-issues way, is delighted by the discord — it’s great for ratings. Kendall, having witnessed the bedlam, is both concerned and guilty about it, yet can’t contain his anger when his ex-wife Rava (Natalie Gold) tells him she’s taking the kids and going upstate for fear of their safety, missing the funeral. Rava is firm; she’s already loading up the car. “This is my decision,” she says with finality.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Mt0K3D">
Unable to stop her, he’s spitting mad. “You do not fuck with me today,” he shouts, pointing a menacing finger at Rava. He’s an echo of his father here, trying to bully someone into submission and jumping immediately to revenge when they don’t fold. Kendall threatens to get an emergency court order to stop her from taking his children out of the city. Later, he informs his assistant, Jess (Juliana Canfield), to set up a meeting with a family lawyer for next week. Perusing his schedule is how he discovers that Jess had blocked off time to inform him that she’s taking another job. “It just feels like time,” she tells him. Though he senses that ATN’s role in pushing Mencken as the president has something to do with her decision, Kendall takes Jess’s leaving as a deep betrayal, too. He snaps at her as if she’s one more child who won’t be attending Logan’s funeral, ungrateful of all that Ken has done for her.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="iRv63I">
The siblings ride to the funeral together, and protesters bang on their car window. The highway is gridlocked, so they get out before they reach the church and walk the rest of the way. It’s an unusual experience for the billionaire family, typically flown in private jets and driven around in private cars, to be out on the street and moving on their own two feet, especially as the city is reacting explosively to the self-serving decisions they made yesterday.
</p>
<h3 id="e74T0g">
Logan Roy’s chaotic funeral
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="5dN66g">
<em>Church and State </em>is an episode that highlights the dichotomy of movement and stillness. The funeral mass, held in the grand, solemn Church of St. Ignatius Loyola on the Upper East Side, is unsurprisingly tumultuous. Naturally, the Roy children aren’t staying still, not even today — they’re scurrying around to check on the various irons they’ve stuck in the fire. The world doesn’t stop even if their world, in one sense, has stopped with Logan’s death.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="PoLCqZ">
Shiv (Sarah Snook), even in mourning, recognizes that it’s the perfect time for CEO Lukas Matsson (Alexander Skarsgård) to make public that GoJo made up fake subscriber numbers in India, because everyone will be so distracted by the election unrest. Roman, almost as soon as he arrives at the church, suggests to Kendall that they make the rounds rallying the Waystar board members in the continuing fight against GoJo’s proposed acquisition of Waystar. Matsson is at the funeral himself as a ploy to get in Mencken’s good graces, just in case the man really does end up president. Shiv comes up with a contingency plan: Tell Mencken they’re willing to create a US CEO position at GoJo, which Mencken could spin as a win he helped secure against a foreign company, while also having close access to a top executive at a powerful tech firm. That CEO role, of course, should go to Shiv.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="bllFTu">
Meanwhile, Greg (Nicholas Braun) desperately pumps the pedals of his Citibike in order to make it to the funeral on time; he wants an intro with Mencken, too, considering he’s “amongst the crowning committee.” Connor (Alan Ruck), at the last minute, announces he wants to give a eulogy, one that his wife, Willa (Justine Lupe), clearly co-wrote. In a rather bold move, Kerry (Zoë Winters) — Logan’s former assistant and lover — arrives at the funeral, too. When we last saw her, at Logan’s wake, his wife, Marcia (Hiam Abbass), savagely kicked her out. There’s a flurry of activity as always, with characters trying to preserve or steal power, like swinging metal balls in a pendulum toy.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="TyQUYz">
When it’s time for the eulogies to begin, Logan’s brother Ewan (James Cromwell) stands up and decisively moves toward the podium. He’s not supposed to give a speech, and the kids (and Greg) try to stop him, but Ewan forges on. He has always been an austere figure, disapproving of others’ moral failures, particularly his brother’s. But he unveils some tender insights into the bonds of brotherhood and, perhaps, why Logan was the way that he was. They were sent to America during World War II, and during the voyage their ship got separated from others in the convoy for a few days. “They told us children that if we spoke, or coughed, or moved an inch, that the U-Boats would catch the vibrations through the hull, and we would die…” Ewan recalls. “Three nights and two days, we stayed quiet.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="ANIEIi">
We finally find out what happened to their sister Rose — someone Logan never spoke of, but whom viewers heard a mysterious snippet about in season two, when the Roys traveled to his native Scotland. It turns out he believed all his life that he had brought home the polio that killed her. Later, when he became a father, he often demanded silence from his children. The sickly child grew into a terrible adult, in Ewan’s accounting, “who has wrought the most terrible things.” He was someone who “darkened the skies a little, closed men’s hearts.” He was not generous, Ewan declares, but mean, and “fed a certain kind of meagerness in men.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="0DZMDw">
Ewan’s denunciation rings thunderously throughout the church, and it seems to paralyze Roman, who is supposed to give his eulogy next. Early in the episode, we see him moving restlessly around his apartment, practicing the beats of the speech with bravado and smugness. That energy is sapped now. He mumbles feebly, barely coherent. He can’t do it. “Is he in there?” he asks like a little boy, pointing to the casket as he breaks down in tears.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="kWyVPa">
Kendall takes over; someone has to do it, because, as Shiv points out, they have to point out “the other side,” giving Logan’s memory a positive spin to follow Ewan. Ken emphasizes all that his father did in life, for better or for worse. He was a <em>doer</em>. He acted. “He had a vitality, a force,” he says. It mowed people down, wrought a lot of suffering, but it was also a magnificent sight to behold. People were enraptured by the arc of his motion the way they can’t help but watch a lion pouncing on prey. Kendall tells the funeral attendees that he hopes this force exists within him, too — all the Roy children do. They’re in constant movement, scheming and whipping their heads this way and that, because it’s what their father did. But they’re the wind-up doll versions of their father, moving stiffly and clunkily.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="enFlwx">
“He made life happen,” Kendall says. Not just with Waystar and its many sprawling entities, but for Kendall and his three siblings. The eulogy only underscores Logan’s cruelty. He was a creator who acted carelessly with his creations, making out of clay four misshapen monsters — emotional imps who feel pain just as deeply as any other human, but lack the capacity to deal with it — and then unleashing them onto the world.
</p>
<h3 id="8Vaa3B">
Bonded by trauma
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="mpVXmR">
The vast cast of <em>Succession</em> is brought under one roof this episode not by their love for Logan, but because they all experienced the hurricane that he was, tossing their lives into disarray. The funeral is a chance to look around at the wreckage and realize that they’ve survived. They’re bonded by trauma.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="R17UN6">
All of Logan’s old lovers are there. Caroline (Harriet Walter), his first wife, greets a woman named Sally Anne at the funeral almost with affection. Introducing her to Marcia, she says, “Sally Anne was my Kerry, so to speak.” Marcia doesn’t react to Kerry’s presence with anger, but the contrary. Sensing that Kerry’s on the verge of sobbing, she puts her hand over Kerry’s. They share a silent moment of understanding and forgiveness. These four women are briefly brought together by the indignities they suffered while they were with Logan: his unfaithfulness, his selfish behavior.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="puNXUg">
The Roy siblings, too, are conjoined by their mutual pain. Despite having a ragingly nasty fight just the day before over their presidential loyalties, they hold each other close today, because no one else in the world could understand the gaping hole left by Logan’s absence.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Pb1B5M">
Logan was so full of vigor, his children say, but that great force has dissipated now. After the funeral ends, they continue on to the cemetery. The siblings are struck by the cavernous emptiness of his $5 million mausoleum, where he’ll be entombed. It’s completely still here, and sterile of life.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="ZeXail">
This is it — the official send-off. The kids look around in disbelief and make their last confessions about what their father did to them. “He made me breathe funny,” Roman admits.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="qdeQIt">
At last, the funeral is over and done with, but the scheming continues full steam. Kendall learns that Matsson is floating an American GoJo CEO to Mencken; he orders Hugo to leak to the press that key members of the family are no longer on board with the buyout. Brushing off the hurt over Jess leaving him, he recruits Logan’s former security guard Colin (Scott Nicholson). With his father laid to rest, he’s more determined than ever to take his place.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="g0B8yx">
Shiv, meanwhile, has succeeded in appeasing Mencken, aided by Matsson behaving surprisingly sincerely for once. Kendall and Roman know they need to act quickly to stop her; it’s all-out war with their sister now. The Roy children strive endlessly to emulate their father as if to justify the pain they suffered at his hands, that it was all worth something, that there was some purpose behind it that bore fruit.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="L7rERx">
Roman, blamed by Kendall for messing up their original plan to thwart the GoJo deal, is in a foul mood. He steps out into the night, watching protesters continuing to run down the streets. For a moment, Roman appears proud of the fire he started. Hopping into the bullpen, he faces the people marching down the street and yells, “Fuck you,” at each of them. A man finally body-checks him and hits him in the face.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="hzwkxH">
The Roy children think they’re builders of civilization, of empire. They consider themselves movers and shakers, whose actions have real weight. But they don’t see all the ways in which they’re hamsters spinning in wheels, repeating the same mistakes and inflicting the same suffering that was foisted on them. For a moment, Roman lies on the street, immobile, while a current of people rushes past him. However much these titans achieve, and despite their immense power, one day they, like Logan, will be dead, and life will keep churning. The world and all the people in it are still big enough to crush them.
</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-the-hindu-sports">From The Hindu: Sports</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Real Madrid lodges hate crime complaint over Vinicius incident</strong> - The attacks, in its view, “constitute a hate crime” for which the club has filed a complaint with the State Attorney General’s Office, the club said.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>ICC charges Bhatinda-based umpire Jatin Kashyap for breaching anti-corruption code</strong> - Jatin Kashyap, a Bhatinda-based umpire, who officiated district level matched in Punjab has been charged by International Cricket Council for breaching the anti-corruption code</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>WTC final: first batch of Team India players leave for London</strong> -</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>IPL 2023 | Chennai Super Kings meets ‘CSK Lite’ Gujarat Titans as Dhoni faces ‘Gill Test’</strong> - What makes this battle even more interesting is the fact that GT is a team that seems closest to being a proto-type of what CSK had been all these years in IPL</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Taekwondo Premier League to be held from June 22 to 26</strong> - This edition will feature 12 teams with a prize money of ₹15 lakhs besides several individual prizes</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-the-hindu-national-news">From The Hindu: National News</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Govt. yet to complete crediting amounts into farm loans up to ₹50,000</strong> - ₹798 cr. credited into 2.46 lakh accounts for loan outstanding up to ₹35,000</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>KCR aiming to come back to power through back door: Bandi</strong> -</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>‘Huge land scam involved in cancelling GO 111’</strong> - Why are BJP leaders not complaining to investigation agencies, asks Revanth</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Here are the big stories from Karnataka today</strong> - Welcome to the Karnataka Today newsletter, your guide from The Hindu on the major news stories to follow today. Curated and written by Nalme Nachiyar.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>BJP’s Basanagouda Patil Yatnal takes oath in the name of Hindutva, Gomata</strong> - Though a majority of newly-elect MLAs took oath in the name of God and the Constitution of India, a few of them took oath in the name of voters and local deities</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-bbc-europe">From BBC: Europe</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Ukraine war: Wagner chief vows to hand Bakhmut to Russian army by June</strong> - The chief of the mercenary group made the claim but Ukraine says it still controls parts of the city.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Ukraine war: Satellite images reveal Russian defences before major assault</strong> - Fortifications against Ukraine’s counter-attack are uncovered by a BBC analysis of satellite images.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Greek election: Centre-right Mitsotakis hails big win but wants majority</strong> - Centre-right Kyriakos Mitsotakis falls just short of outright victory and plans for a second round.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Spanish football has racism problem, Madrid boss says</strong> - Real Madrid forward Vinicius Jr says “Spain is known as a country of racists” after facing abusive chants at Valencia.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Roman Protasevich: Belarus pardons activist hauled off flight</strong> - Roman Protasevich was jailed for eight years earlier this month, for inciting unrest in Belarus.</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-ars-technica">From Ars Technica</h1>
<ul>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>It feels like cheating: The Trek Domane+ SLR9 gravel bike, reviewed</strong> - At $12,999, the Trek Domane+ SLR9 gravel e-bike is a dream to ride. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1940556">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Ready the Ig Nobel: Researchers incorporate used diapers into concrete</strong> - Used disposable diapers can be added to concrete without killing its strength. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1940676">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>When it comes to advanced math, ChatGPT is no star student</strong> - AI’s ability to handle math depends on what exactly you ask it to do. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1940663">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Above the fold: The people behind the Gocycle G4 thought of everything</strong> - A fantastic design means fewer compromises from a bike you can fold up and carry. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1937068">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Google at I/O 2023: We’ve been doing AI since before it was cool</strong> - Google’s “Code Red” was on full display at I/O, but it felt like AI for AI’s sake. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1938654">link</a></p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-jokes-subreddit">From Jokes Subreddit</h1>
<ul>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Vladimir Putin consulted with a fortune teller and asked: How long will I live?</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF --></p>
<div class="md">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
The psychic replied: I cannot tell that but I do know you will die on a Ukrainian holiday.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Which holiday? Putin asked.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
The psychic smiled and said. Whichever day you die will be a Ukrainian holiday
</p>
</div>
<!-- SC_ON -->
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/TotalSpaceNut"> /u/TotalSpaceNut </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/13od9n2/vladimir_putin_consulted_with_a_fortune_teller/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/13od9n2/vladimir_putin_consulted_with_a_fortune_teller/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>My wife stopped me from taking my first bite at the restaurant, saying that we need to pray first.</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF --></p>
<div class="md">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
“Nah, there’s no need” I replied.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
“But why?” she asked. “We always pray at home when I cook dinner.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
“Because I think we’ll be fine here, the chef knows what he’s doing.”
</p>
</div>
<!-- SC_ON -->
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/AntoniusMaximus"> /u/AntoniusMaximus </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/13omo1j/my_wife_stopped_me_from_taking_my_first_bite_at/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/13omo1j/my_wife_stopped_me_from_taking_my_first_bite_at/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>How to tell if a girl likes you</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF --></p>
<div class="md">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
You can tell if a girl likes you by her ankles:
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
If they are behind your head, she likes you.
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If they are behind <em>her</em> head, she <em>really</em> likes you.
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/onlysane1"> /u/onlysane1 </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/13ob3um/how_to_tell_if_a_girl_likes_you/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/13ob3um/how_to_tell_if_a_girl_likes_you/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>My girlfriend said, “You act like a detective too much. I want to split up.”</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF --></p>
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“Good idea”, I replied, “We can cover more ground that way.”
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/iaintprobitches"> /u/iaintprobitches </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/13oj56u/my_girlfriend_said_you_act_like_a_detective_too/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/13oj56u/my_girlfriend_said_you_act_like_a_detective_too/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Guy : Doctor, my Girlfriend is pregnant but we always use protection and the rubber never broke. How is it possible?</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF --></p>
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Doctor : Let me tell you a story: "There was once a Hunter who always carried a gun wherever he went.
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One day he took out his Umbrella instead of his Gun and went out. A Lion suddenly jumped infront of him. In order to scare the Lion, the Hunter used the Umbrella like a Gun, and shot the Lion, then it died!
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Guy : Nonsense! Someone else must have shot the Lion..
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Doctor : Good! You understood the story. Next patient please.
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/HelpingHandsUs"> /u/HelpingHandsUs </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/13nqpc6/guy_doctor_my_girlfriend_is_pregnant_but_we/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/13nqpc6/guy_doctor_my_girlfriend_is_pregnant_but_we/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
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