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<h1 data-aos="fade-down" id="covid-19-sentry">Covid-19 Sentry</h1>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" data-aos-anchor-placement="top-bottom" id="contents">Contents</h1>
<ul>
<li><a href="#from-preprints">From Preprints</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-clinical-trials">From Clinical Trials</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-pubmed">From PubMed</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-patent-search">From Patent Search</a></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-preprints">From Preprints</h1>
<ul>
<li><strong>Getting Trapped in a Dead End? Trait Self-Control and Boredom Are Linked to Goal Adjustment</strong> -
<div>
Disengaging from unattainable goals and reengaging in alternative goals is essential for effective goal pursuit; yet, surprisingly little is known about associated personality factors. Here, we focused on individual differences in self-control (domain-general self-control, if-then planning) and boredom (boredom proneness, boredom avoidance and escape tendencies). Concerning goal adjustment in everyday life (Study 1; N = 323 crowdworkers), if-then planning was associated with worse disengagement and better reengagement. While boredom proneness was associated with poorer reengagement, boredom avoidance and escape tendencies were associated with better reengagement. When goal striving was thwarted during the COVID-19 pandemic (Study 2; N = 97 students), similar associations emerged along with links to anxiety and depression. However, disengagement was no longer associated with if-then planning but instead with better self-control and higher boredom proneness. These results show differential relationships of goal disengagement and reengagement with self-control and boredom, paving the way to a better understanding of who struggles or shines when effective goal adjustment is required.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://psyarxiv.com/db7u3/" target="_blank">Getting Trapped in a Dead End? Trait Self-Control and Boredom Are Linked to Goal Adjustment</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Novel Estimates Reveal Subnational Heterogeneities in Disease-Relevant Contact Patterns in the United States</strong> -
<div>
The spread and transmission dynamics of directly transmitted airborne pathogens, such as SARS-CoV-2, are fundamentally determined by in-person contact patterns. Reliable quantitative estimates of contact patterns are critical to modeling and reducing the spread of directly transmitted infectious diseases. While national-level contact data are available in many countries, including the United States, local-level estimates of age-specific contact patterns are key since disease dynamics and public health policy vary by geography. However, collecting contact data for each state would require a very large sample and be prohibitively expensive. To overcome this challenge, we develop a flexible model to estimate age-specific contact patterns at the subnational level using national-level interpersonal contact data. Our model is based on dynamic multilevel regression with poststratification. We apply this approach to a national sample of interpersonal contact data collected by the Berkeley Interpersonal Contact Study (BICS). Results illustrate important state-level variation in levels and trends of contacts across the US.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://osf.io/preprints/socarxiv/87e32/" target="_blank">Novel Estimates Reveal Subnational Heterogeneities in Disease-Relevant Contact Patterns in the United States</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Generalized trust rather than perception of relational mobility correlates with nominating close friends in a social network</strong> -
<div>
A social environment, such as relational mobility, which represents the availability of opportunities to develop new relationships in society, cultivates an individual’s psychology and social network. Generalized trust, which represents trust among people in general, is a tendency to expand individuals’ social ties in a fluid society. Using the data of 170 students, we analyzed whether an individual’s belief of generalized trust and perception of relational mobility are related to the social network. We conducted a survey to assess psychological measures and social networks under the COVID-19 pandemic for first-year university students. The analyses revealed that generalized trust was significantly associated with a higher proportion of outdegrees (i.e., the nomination of close friends) and a lower proportion of indegrees (i.e., being nominated by others). In contrast, perception of relational mobility was not significantly associated with generalized trust and any social network measures. Behavioral trust, measured using a Trust Game approximately six months later, was not significantly associated with network characteristics. The results support the argument that the belief of generalized trust functions as an adaptive psychological mechanism to expand individuals’ relationships in their social networks.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://psyarxiv.com/xu8k3/" target="_blank">Generalized trust rather than perception of relational mobility correlates with nominating close friends in a social network</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Assessing glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) during COVID-19 requires caution: evidence on the impact of the infection upon enzyme activity</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Glucose-6 phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency (G6PDd) was suggested as a risk factor of severity in patients with COVID-19. In this article, we assessed the influence of G6PDd on the infection, severity, and clinical progression of patients with COVID-19. This prospective cohort study included adult participants (≥18 years old) who had clinical and/or radiological COVID-19 findings or positive RT-PCR results. Epidemiological and clinical data were extracted from electronic medical records. G6PD activity was measured in SD Biosensor STANDARD G6PD® equipment at admission and one year after discharge. Samples were genotyped for the three most common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for G6PDd in the Brazilian Amazon s1050828, rs1050829 and rs5030868, corresponding to G6PD African A-(G202A, A376G), G6PD African A+(A376G) and G6PD Mediterranean(C563T), respectively.  Seven hundred fifty-three patients were included, of which 123 (16.3%) were G6PDd. The G6PDd group had a higher mean hemoglobin, and lower values of C-reactive protein and leukocytes at admission. There was no association between G6PDd and COVID-19 severity, considering that the frequency of G6PDd who needed to be hospitalized (1.9%) or demanding invasive mechanical ventilation (16.0%) or died (21.1%) was lower than G6PD normal patients. Only 29 out of 116 (25%) participants carried the African genotype. Out of 30 participants tested as G6PDd during disease, only 11 (36.7%) results agreed one year after discharge. In conclusion, caution must be taken when G6PDd screening in patients with acute COVID-19.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.25.22279199v1" target="_blank">Assessing glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) during COVID-19 requires caution: evidence on the impact of the infection upon enzyme activity</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Modelling SARS-CoV-2 spike-protein mutation effects on ACE2 binding</strong> -
<div>
The binding affinity of the SARS-CoV-2 spike (S)-protein {Delta}{Delta}Gbind to the human membrane protein ACE2 is critical for virus function and evolution. Computational structure-based screening of new S-protein mutations for ACE2 binding lends promise to rationalize virus function directly from protein structure and ideally aid early detection of potentially concerning variants. We used a computational protocol based on cryo-electron microscopy structures of the S-protein to estimate the ACE2-binding that gave good trend agreement with experimental ACE2 affinities. We then expanded predictions to all possible S-protein mutations in 21 different S-protein-ACE2 complexes (400,000 {Delta}{Delta}Gbind data points in total), using mutation group comparisons to reduce systematic errors. We show that mutations that have arisen in major variants as a group maintain ACE2 affinity significantly more than random mutations in the total protein, at the interface, and at evolvable sites, with differences between variant mutations being small relative to these effects. Omicron mutations as a group had a modest change in binding affinity compared to mutations in other major variants. The single-mutation effects are consistent with ACE2 binding being optimized and maintained in omicron, despite increased importance of other selection pressures (antigenic drift). As epistasis, glycosylation and in vivo conditions will modulate these effects, computational predictive SARS-CoV-2 evolution remains far from achieved, but the feasibility of large-scale computation is substantially aided by using many structures and comparison of mutation groups rather than single mutation effects, which are very uncertain. Our results demonstrate substantial challenges but indicate ways to improve the quality of computer models for assessing SARS-CoV-2 mutation effects.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.25.505249v1" target="_blank">Modelling SARS-CoV-2 spike-protein mutation effects on ACE2 binding</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>The diversity of the glycan shield of sarbecoviruses closely related to SARS-CoV-2</strong> -
<div>
The animal reservoirs of sarbecoviruses represent a significant risk of emergent pandemics, as evidenced by the impact of SARS-CoV-2. Vaccines remain successful at limiting severe disease and death, however the continued emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants, together with the potential for further coronavirus zoonosis, motivates the search for pan-coronavirus vaccines that induce broadly neutralizing antibodies. This necessitates a better understanding of the glycan shields of coronaviruses, which can occlude potential antibody epitopes on spike glycoproteins. Here, we compare the structure of several sarbecovirus glycan shields. Many N-linked glycan attachment sites are shared by all sarbecoviruses, and the processing state of certain sites is highly conserved. However, there are significant differences in the processing state at several glycan sites that surround the receptor binding domain. Our studies reveal similarities and differences in the glycosylation of sarbecoviruses and show how subtle changes in the protein sequence can have pronounced impacts on the glycan shield.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.24.505118v1" target="_blank">The diversity of the glycan shield of sarbecoviruses closely related to SARS-CoV-2</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Intentions to get vaccinated against Monkeypox in Healthcare workers in France and Belgium correlates with attitudes toward COVID-19 vaccination</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Background: Front-line healthcare workers (HCWs) could be at-risk for Monkeypox infections. Vaccine hesitancy also affects HCWs and has an impact on their own attitudes toward vaccination. In the context of the exhaustion due to COVID-19 pandemic, we aimed to evaluate intentions to get vaccinated against Monkeypox in HCWs in France and Belgium. Methods: We performed a cross-sectional study (snowball sampling) using a self-administered on-line questionnaire to evaluate intentions to get vaccinated against Monkeypox in HCWs if a recommendation for HCWs vaccination was made. We compared demographics characteristics, vaccine readiness, eagerness for COVID-19 vaccine, and confidence in HCW with Chi-square tests, student-t and performed a binary regression. Results: Amon the 397 respondents, if a specific recommendation was made for HCWs vaccination against Monkeypox was made, 55.4 % will probably get the vaccine, while 79 % would accept the vaccine if recommended to the general population. COVID-19 vaccine eagerness and having concerns about Monkeypox epidemics were associated with favorable attitude toward Monkeypox vaccination in HCWs with respective adjusted odds ratio and 95 % Confidence Interval 2.5 (1.03-6.1), 2.6 (1.3-5.3). Forty-four HCWs (11 %) self-identified as at-risk for Monkeypox infections. Conclusion: Acceptance of Monkeypox vaccination in HCWs is probably moderate, HCWs are probably complacent and did not perceive the risk of Monkeypox infections in the context of professional exposure.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.25.22279205v1" target="_blank">Intentions to get vaccinated against Monkeypox in Healthcare workers in France and Belgium correlates with attitudes toward COVID-19 vaccination</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Antigen presentation dynamics shape the response to emergent variants like SARS-CoV-2 Omicron strain after multiple vaccinations with wild type strain</strong> -
<div>
The Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 evades neutralization by most serum antibodies elicited by two doses of mRNA vaccines, but a third dose of the same vaccine increases anti-Omicron neutralizing antibodies. By combining computational modeling with data from vaccinated humans we reveal mechanisms underlying this observation. After the first dose, limited antigen availability in germinal centers results in a response dominated by B cells with high germline affinities for immunodominant epitopes that are significantly mutated in an Omicron-like variant. After the second dose, expansion of these memory cells and differentiation into plasma cells shape antibody responses that are thus ineffective for such variants. However, in secondary germinal centers, pre-existing higher affinity antibodies mediate enhanced antigen presentation and they can also partially mask dominant epitopes. These effects generate memory B cells that target subdominant epitopes that are less mutated in Omicron. The third dose expands these cells and boosts anti-variant neutralizing antibodies.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.24.505127v1" target="_blank">Antigen presentation dynamics shape the response to emergent variants like SARS-CoV-2 Omicron strain after multiple vaccinations with wild type strain</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Long Covid active case finding: a co-produced community-based pilot within the STIMULATE-ICP study (Symptoms, Trajectory, Inequalities and Management: Understanding Long-COVID to Address and Transform Existing Integrated Care Pathways)</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Background and aim Long Covid is a significant public health concern with potentially negative implications for health inequalities. We know that those who are already socially disadvantaged in society are more exposed to COVID-19, experience the worst health outcomes and are more likely to suffer economically. We also know that these groups are more likely to experience stigma and discrimination and have negative healthcare experiences even before the pandemic. However, little is known about disadvantaged groups experiences of Long Covid and preliminary evidence suggests they may be under-represented in those who access formal care. We will conduct a pilot study in a defined geographical area (Camden, London, UK) to test the feasibility of a community-based approach of identifying Long Covid cases that have not been formally clinically diagnosed and have not been referred to Long Covid Specialist services. We will explore the barriers to accessing recognition, care and support, as well as experiences of stigma and perceived discrimination. Methods This protocol and study materials were co-produced with a Community Advisory Board (CAB) made up primarily of people living with Long Covid. Working with voluntary organisations, promotional material are co-developed and will be distributed in the local community with engagement from key community organisations and leaders to highlight Long Covid symptoms and invite those experiencing them to participate in the study if they are not formally diagnosed and accessing care. Awareness of Long Covid and symptoms, experiences of trying to access care, as well as stigma and discrimination will be explored through qualitative interviews with participants. Upon completion of the interviews, participants will be offered referral to the local social prescribing team to receive support that is personalised to them potentially including, but not restricted to, liaising with their primary care provider and the regional Long Covid clinic run by University College London Hospitals (UCLH). Ethics and dissemination Ethical approval has been obtained from the Faculty of Medicine Ethics Committee and Research Integrity and Governance, University of Southampton. (reference number 72400). Findings will be reported in a report and submitted for peer-reviewed publication. Definitive methods of dissemination will be decided by the CAB. Summaries of the findings will also be shared on the STIMULATE-ICP website, locally in the study area and through social media. We will specifically target policy makers and those responsible for shaping and commissioning Long Covid healthcare services and social support such as NHSE England Long Covid Group.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.24.22278954v1" target="_blank">Long Covid active case finding: a co-produced community-based pilot within the STIMULATE-ICP study (Symptoms, Trajectory, Inequalities and Management: Understanding Long-COVID to Address and Transform Existing Integrated Care Pathways)</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Phenotypic evolution of SARS-CoV-2: a statistical inference approach</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Since its emergence in late 2019, the SARS-CoV-2 virus has spread globally, causing the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. In the fall of 2020, the Alpha variant (lineage B.1.1.7) was detected in England and rapidly spread and outcompeted the previous lineage. Yet, very little is known about the underlying modifications of the infection process that can explain this selective advantage. Here, we try to quantify how the Alpha variant differs from its predecessor on two phenotypic traits: the transmission rate and the duration of infectiousness. To this end, we analysed the joint epidemiological and evolutionary dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 as a function of the Stringency Index, a measure of the amount of Non-Pharmaceutical Interventions. We developed a two-step approach based on a SEIR model and the analysis of a combination of epidemiological and evolutionary information. First, we infer how the Stringency Index reduces the amount of viral transmission. Secondly, based on a novel theoretical derivation of the selection gradient in a SEIR model, we infer the phenotype of the Alpha variant from the analysis of the change in its frequency and we show that its selective advantage is more likely to result from a higher transmission than from a longer infectious period.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.25.22279206v1" target="_blank">Phenotypic evolution of SARS-CoV-2: a statistical inference approach</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>T cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in people with multiple sclerosis differ between disease-modifying therapies</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Immune responses in people with multiple sclerosis (pwMS) on disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) have been of significant interest throughout the COVID-19 pandemic. Lymphocyte-targeting immunotherapies including anti-CD20 treatments and sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor (S1PR) modulators attenuate antibody responses after vaccination. Evaluation of cellular responses after vaccination is therefore of particular importance in these populations. In this study, we analysed CD4 and CD8 T cell functional responses to SARS-CoV-2 spike peptides in healthy controls and pwMS on five different DMTs by flow cytometry. Although pwMS on anti-CD20 and S1PR therapies had low antibody responses after both 2 and 3 vaccine doses, T cell responses in pwMS on anti-CD20 therapies were preserved after third vaccination, even when additional anti-CD20 treatment was administered between vaccine doses 2 and 3. PwMS taking S1PR modulators had low detectable T cell responses in peripheral blood. CD4 and CD8 T cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern Delta and Omicron were lower than to the ancestral Wuhan-Hu-1 variant. Our results indicate the importance of assessing both cellular and humoral responses after vaccination and suggest that even in the absence of robust antibody responses vaccination can generate immune responses in pwMS.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.25.22279202v1" target="_blank">T cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in people with multiple sclerosis differ between disease-modifying therapies</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Nirmatrelvir/ritonavir and molnuipiravir in the treatment of mild/moderate COVID-19: results of a real-life study</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Molnupiravir and Nirmatrelvir are the first available oral antivirals (OA) active against SARS-CoV-2. However, the trials evaluating the efficacy of OAs involved patients unvaccinated and infected with variants different from those currently circulating. The purpose of this study is to provide real-life data on the efficacy and safety of OAs during the omicron surge of COVID-19 pandemic in a cohort of mostly vaccinated patients. We conducted a retrospective study on patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection treated with OAs during the omicron surge in Italy. We enrolled 257 patients. Of these, 146 (56.8%) were treated with molnupiravir and 111 (43.2%) with nirmatrelvir/ritonavir. Patients in molnupiravir group were older, had a lower body mass index, and a higher rate of chronic heart disease than those treated with nirmatrelvir/ritonavir. During the 14-day follow-up, four hospitalizations were recorded (1.6%), three in molnupiravir (2.1%) and 1 in nirmatrelvir/ritonavir (0.9%) group. Only one patient (who had received molnupiravir) died. Median time-to-negativity of nasal swab was 8 days (8 days in nirmatrelvir/ritonavir vs. 10 days in molnupiravir group, p&lt;0.01). Globally, we recorded 37 adverse drug reactions (mainly dysgeusia, diarrhea, and nausea) in 31 of 257 individuals (12.1%). Only two patients (0.8%), both receiving molnupiravir, terminated treatment due to the development of adverse drug reactions. In conclusion, during the omicron surge, in a population of mostly vaccinated patients treated with molnupiravir or nirmatrelvir/ritonavir, we observed a low rate of hospitalization, death, and adverse drug reactions. These rates were even lower than those reported in pivotal trials.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.23.22278585v1" target="_blank">Nirmatrelvir/ritonavir and molnuipiravir in the treatment of mild/moderate COVID-19: results of a real-life study</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Correlation of patient serum IgG, IgA and IgM antigen binding with COVID-19 disease severity using multiplexed SARS-CoV-2 antigen microarray and maintained relative IgA and IgM antigen binding over time</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Zoonotic spillover of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) to humans in December 2019 caused the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Serological monitoring is critical for detailed understanding of individual immune responses to infection and protection to guide clinical therapeutic and vaccine strategies. We developed a high throughput multiplexed SARS-CoV-2 antigen microarray incorporating spike (S) and nucleocapsid protein (NP) and fragments expressed in various hosts which allowed simultaneous assessment of serum IgG, IgA, and IgM responses. Antigen glycosylation influenced antibody binding, with S glycosylation generally increasing and NP glycosylation decreasing binding. Purified antibody isotypes demonstrated a binding pattern and intensity that differed from the same isotype in the presence of other isotypes in whole serum, probably due to competition. Using purified antibody isotypes from naive Irish COVID-19 patients, we correlated antibody isotype binding to different panels of antigens with disease severity, with significance for binding to the S region S1 expressed in insect cells (S1 Sf21) for all three antibody isotypes. Assessing longitudinal response for constant concentrations of antibody isotypes for a subset of patients demonstrated that while the relative proportion of antigen-specific IgGs decreased over time for severe disease, the relative proportion of antigen-specific IgA binding remained at the same magnitude at 5 and 9 months post-first symptom onset. Further, the relative proportion of IgM binding decreased for S antigens but remained the same for NP antigens. This may support antigen specific serum IgA and IgM playing a role in maintaining longer-term protection, of importance for developing and assessing vaccine strategies. Overall, these data demonstrate the multiplexed platform as a sensitive and useful platform for expanded humoral immunity studies, allowing detailed elucidation of antibody isotypes response against multiple antigens. This approach will be useful for monoclonal antibody therapeutic studies and screening of donor polyclonal antibodies for patient infusions.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.22.22278930v1" target="_blank">Correlation of patient serum IgG, IgA and IgM antigen binding with COVID-19 disease severity using multiplexed SARS-CoV-2 antigen microarray and maintained relative IgA and IgM antigen binding over time</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Lessons learnt from community referral and follow up of sick young infants with Possible Severe Bacterial Infection in Turkana County, Kenya</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Introduction: Management of possible severe bacterial infections in young infants (0-59 days) requires timely identification of danger signs and prompt administration of efficacious antibiotic treatment. The Possible Severe Bacterial Infection guidelines underscore the importance of close follow up in an outpatient basis to ensure treatment adherence and early detection of illness-related complications. The purpose of this study was to strengthen the follow up and referral of sick young infants on day 4 and 8 by introducing community-led interventions that facilitated community health volunteers to identify sick young infants, conduct community reviews, link data with responsive facilities, and refer appropriately. Methods: Six health facilities were included a a longitudinal, descriptive, mixed methods approach weaved around an initial formative context assessment and three-monthly assessments. Quantitative data was extracted from facility registers to identify gaps in follow up and referral feasibility. Qualitative data was through focus group discussions with community health volunteers and key informant interviews with frontline providers. Results: Qualitative data provided insights into key barriers and facilitators of community follow up and referral. Barriers include community socio-cultural practices, competing tasks, dysfunctional community referral pathway, drivers of common infections, and unavailability of essential commodities. Key facilitators entail indication of competency in identification of danger signs in sick young infants, presence of older women, men, and community resource persons that can leveraged on in community engagement and sensitization, and mothers are the primary decision makers in care seeking. There was increased utilization of decision support tools and an increase in the number of sick young infants managed in dispensaries. The COVID-19 pandemic however negatively impacted community follow up and referral of sick young infants. Conclusion: This study seeks to contribute evidence on strengthening PSBI community management by enhancing day 4 and day 8 follow up, review and community referral of sick young infants in Turkana, Kenya. The feasibility, adoption, and fidelity of strengthening community facility linkage through integrated communication strategies was documented, indicative of a successful community-facility linkage in dispensaries and health centers despite the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.25.22279210v1" target="_blank">Lessons learnt from community referral and follow up of sick young infants with Possible Severe Bacterial Infection in Turkana County, Kenya</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>The evolution of depressive symptomatology across three waves of the COVID-19 pandemic: A 17-month representative longitudinal study of the adult population</strong> -
<div>
This 17-month longitudinal study on a representative sample of 4,361 Norwegian adults employs an observational ABAB design across six repeated assessments and three pandemic waves to systematically investigate the evolution of depressive symptomatology across all modifications of viral mitigation protocols (VMPs) from their onset to termination. Using Latent Change Score Models to analyze 26,166 observations, the study empirically corroborates that critical fluctuations in depressive symptomatology within and across individuals occur during the first three months of the pandemic, after which symptom profiles are predominantly consolidated throughout the pandemic period. Contrary to established belief, female sex, young age, lower education and preexisting psychiatric diagnosis only served as adequate predictors of the initial shocks to symptomatology observed during the onset of the pandemic, and did not adequately predict subsequent change observed in symptoms within and across individuals. Population-level analyses demonstrated that symptom levels increased in accordance with the presence and strictness of VMPs and were unrelated to COVID-19 incidence rates. Upon predominant termination of VMPs, population-level symptoms began declining, while large heterogeneity was present across the adult population. Detrimental long-term adversities were revealed by 10% of the adults. These individuals displayed chaotic adaptation to the pandemic and its VMPs, exhibiting substantial increases in clinical levels of symptomatology ensuing partial re-opening of society and through the remainder of the pandemic, with these deleterious symptoms projected to remain heightened ahead. Frequency of quarantine exposure was incrementally tied with increases in contemporaneously experienced and long-term depressive adversities, with information obtainment through unmonitored sources further associated with contemporaneous and long-term states of heightened symptomatology.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://psyarxiv.com/kqm4j/" target="_blank">The evolution of depressive symptomatology across three waves of the COVID-19 pandemic: A 17-month representative longitudinal study of the adult population</a>
</div></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-clinical-trials">From Clinical Trials</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A Clinical Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of SIM0417 Orally Co-Administered With Ritonavir in Symptomatic Adult Participants With Mild to Moderate COVID-19</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Drug: SIM0417;   Drug: Placebo<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Jiangsu Simcere Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Self-management of Post COVID-19 Syndrome Using Wearable Biometric Technology</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Other: Self-management of post COVID-19 respiratory outcomes<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   University of Manitoba<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Clinical Study to Compare Efficacy and Safety of Casirivimab and Imdevimab Combination, Remdesivir and Favipravir in Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Drug: Casirivimab and Imdevimab Drug Combination;   Drug: Remdesivir;   Drug: Favipiravir<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Mansoura University Hospital<br/><b>Completed</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>The Role of BCG Vaccine in the Clinical Evolution of COVID-19 and in the Efficacy of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Biological: BCG (Bacillus Calmette-Guérin) vaccine;   Other: Placebo<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   Oswaldo Cruz Foundation;   University of Sao Paulo;   Federal University of Juiz de Fora<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Performance Evaluation of LumiraDx COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) Ag ULTRA Test (ASPIRE-2)</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Diagnostic Test: Nasal Swab;   Diagnostic Test: Nasopharyngeal swab<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   LumiraDx UK Limited<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Social Network Diffusion of COVID-19 Prevention for Diverse Criminal Legal Involved Communities</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Other: Education;   Other: Motivational<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   University of Chicago<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Phase 2a Trial to Evaluate Safety and Immunogenicity of COVID-19 Vaccine Strategies in HIV-infected/Uninfected Adults.</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Drug: Ad26.COV2.S (VAC31518, JNJ-78436735) Vaccine, SARS-CoV-2 rS (CovovaxTM), BNT162b2 (Pfizer)<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   The Aurum Institute NPC;   Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A Study of Booster Immunization With COVID-19 Vaccine,Inactivated Co -Administration With Influenza Vaccine and Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Biological: Adult group in immunogenicity and safety study of combined immunization;   Biological: Elderly group in immunogenicity and safety study of combined immunization;   Biological: Adult group in safety observation study of combined immunization;   Biological: Elderly group in safety observation study of combined immunization<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Sinovac Biotech Co., Ltd<br/><b>Completed</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of Allogeneic Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Patients With COVID-19</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19 Infection<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Biological: Allogeneic umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells;   Biological: Controlled normal saline<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Ever Supreme Bio Technology Co., Ltd.<br/><b>Active, not recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>The Effects of a Sublingual Sprayable Microemulsion of Vitamin D on Inflammatory Markers in COVID-19 Patients</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>:   COVID-19;   Vitamin D Deficiency<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Dietary Supplement: Vitamin D 25 (OH) 12000 IU in the form of a sublingual sprayable microemulsion<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Pauls Stradins Clinical University Hospital<br/><b>Completed</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>UNAIR Inactivated COVID-19 Vaccine Phase 3</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>:   COVID-19 Pandemic;   COVID-19 Vaccines<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Biological: Vaksin Merah Putih - UA SARS-CoV-2 (Vero Cell Inactivated) 5 µg;   Biological: CoronaVac Biofarma COVID-19 Vaccine<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   Dr. Soetomo General Hospital;   Indonesia-MoH;   Universitas Airlangga;   Biotis Pharmaceuticals, Indonesia<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Hydrogen-Oxygen Generator With Nebulizer for Rehabilitation Treatment of COVID-19</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>:   COVID-19;   AMS-H-03;   Hydrogen-oxygen Gas<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Device: Hydrogen-Oxygen Generator with Nebulizer, AMS-H-03;   Other: basic treatment<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Shanghai Zhongshan Hospital<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Clinical Trial of Jinzhen Oral Liquid in Treating Children With COVID-19 Infection</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>:   COVID-19;   Child, Only<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Drug: Jinzhen oral liquid or Jinhuaqinggan granules<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>COVID Protection After Transplant - Sanofi GSK (CPAT-SG) Study</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>:   COVID-19;   Kidney Transplant<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Biological: Sanofi-GSK monovalent (B.1.351) CoV2 preS dTM-AS03 COVID-19 vaccine<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID);   PPD;   Johns Hopkins University;   Sanofi Pasteur, a Sanofi Company<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Smartphone Intervention for Overdose and COVID-19</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>:   Substance Use Disorders;   Overdose;   COVID-19<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Device: iThrive WI Intervention<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   University of Wisconsin, Madison;   National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA)<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-pubmed">From PubMed</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Advances in cell death mechanisms involved in viral myocarditis</strong> - Viral myocarditis is an acute inflammatory disease of the myocardium. Although many etiopathogenic factors exist, coxsackievirus B3 is a the leading cause of viral myocarditis. Abnormal cardiomyocyte death is the underlying problem for most cardiovascular diseases and fatalities. Various types of cell death occur and are regulated to varying degrees. In this review, we discuss the different cell death mechanisms in viral myocarditis and the potential interactions between them. We also explore…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Dynamicity and persistence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 antibody response after double dose and the third dose with BBV-152 and AZD1222 vaccines: A prospective, longitudinal cohort study</strong> - CONCLUSION: This year-long follow-up study found a 7- and 5-fold antibody waning in Covaxin and Covishield recipients, respectively, without any breakthrough infection history. However, individuals with booster breakthrough had mild symptoms and did not require hospital admission. The data also indicate the possible escape of omicron variants despite the presence of vaccine-induced neutralizing antibodies.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Exploring the Impact of ACE Inhibition in Immunity and Disease</strong> - Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) is a zinc-dependent dipeptidyl carboxypeptidase and is crucial in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) but also implicated in immune regulation. Intrinsic ACE has been detected in several immune cell populations, including macrophages and neutrophils, where its overexpression results in enhanced bactericidal and antitumour responses, independent of angiotensin II. With roles in antigen presentation and inflammation, the impact of ACE inhibitors must…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Structures of the SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein and applications for novel drug development</strong> - COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 has raised a health crisis worldwide. The high morbidity and mortality associated with COVID-19 and the lack of effective drugs or vaccines for SARS-CoV-2 emphasize the urgent need for standard treatment and prophylaxis of COVID-19. The receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the glycosylated spike protein (S protein) is capable of binding to human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (hACE2) and initiating membrane fusion and virus entry. Hence, it is rational to inhibit the…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Stromal Antigen 2 Deficiency Induces Interferon Responses and Restricts Porcine Deltacoronavirus Infection</strong> - Porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) is a recently discovered enteropathogenic coronavirus and has caused significant economic impacts on the pork industry. Although studies have partly uncovered the molecular mechanism of PDCoV-host interaction, it requires further research. In this study, we explored the roles of Stromal Antigen 2 (STAG2) in PDCoV infection. We found that STAG2-deficient cells inhibited infection with vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) and PDCoV, whereas restoration of STAG2…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Porcine Enteric Coronavirus PEDV Induces the ROS-ATM and Caspase7-CAD-γH2AX Signaling Pathways to Foster Its Replication</strong> - DNA damage response (DDR) is an evolutionarily conserved mechanism by which eukaryotic cells sense DNA lesions caused by intrinsic and extrinsic stimuli, including virus infection. Although interactions between DNA viruses and DDR have been extensively studied, how RNA viruses, especially coronaviruses, regulate DDR remains unknown. A previous study showed that the porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), a member of the genus Alphacoronavirus in the Coronaviridae family, induces DDR in infected…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Ionophore Antibiotics Inhibit Type II Feline Coronavirus Proliferation In Vitro</strong> - Feline coronaviruses (FCoVs) infect cats worldwide and cause severe systemic diseases, such as feline infectious peritonitis (FIP). FIP has a high mortality rate, and drugs approved by the Food and Drug Administration have been ineffective for the treatment of FIP. Investigating host factors and the functions required for FCoV replication is necessary to develop effective drugs for the treatment of FIP. FCoV utilizes an endosomal trafficking system for cellular entry after binding between the…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Evaluation of Novel Guanidino-Containing Isonipecotamide Inhibitors of Blood Coagulation Factors against SARS-CoV-2 Virus Infection</strong> - Coagulation factor Xa (fXa) and thrombin (thr) are widely expressed in pulmonary tissues, where they may catalyze, together with the transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2), the coronaviruses spike protein (SP) cleavage and activation, thus enhancing the SP binding to ACE2 and cell infection. In this study, we evaluate in vitro the ability of approved (i.e., dabigatran and rivaroxaban) and newly synthesized isonipecotamide-based reversible inhibitors of fXa/thr (cmpds 1-3) to hinder the…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Anti-Spike and Neutralizing Antibodies after Two Doses of COVID-19 Sinopharm/BIBP Vaccine</strong> - Host response to COVID-19 vaccines is partially evaluated through the estimation of antibody response, specifically the binding anti-spike (anti-S) and the neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) against SARS-CoV-2. Vaccine-induced humoral response affects decisions on the choice of vaccine type, vaccine acceptance, and the need for boosting. Identification of risk factors for poor antibody response helps to stratify individuals who might potentially require booster doses. The primary objective of this…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>In Vitro Evaluation and Mitigation of Niclosamide’s Liabilities as a COVID-19 Treatment</strong> - Niclosamide, an FDA-approved oral anthelmintic drug, has broad biological activity including anticancer, antibacterial, and antiviral properties. Niclosamide has also been identified as a potent inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 infection in vitro, generating interest in its use for the treatment or prevention of COVID-19. Unfortunately, there are several potential issues with using niclosamide for COVID-19, including low bioavailability, significant polypharmacology, high cellular toxicity, and unknown…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Neutralizing Antibody Response, Safety, and Efficacy of mRNA COVID-19 Vaccines in Pediatric Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Prospective Multicenter Case-Control Study</strong> - The vaccination of immunocompromised children against coronavirus disease 2019 is an important public health issue. We evaluated the serological response, safety, and efficacy of the BNT162b2 vaccine in children with and without inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). A prospective, multicenter, case-control study was conducted in a pediatric population, including patients with IBD, aged 12-18 years. Clinical characteristics, safety profile, and serum samples for surrogate virus-neutralizing antibody…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A Versatile Class of 1,4,4-Trisubstituted Piperidines Block Coronavirus Replication In Vitro</strong> - There is a clear need for novel antiviral concepts to control SARS-CoV-2 infection. Based on the promising anti-coronavirus activity observed for a class of 1,4,4-trisubstituted piperidines, we here conducted a detailed analysis of the structure-activity relationship of these structurally unique inhibitors. Despite the presence of five points of diversity, the synthesis of an extensive series of analogues was readily achieved by Ugi four-component reaction from commercially available reagents….</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Identification of a Dual Inhibitor of Secreted Phospholipase A<sub>2</sub> (GIIA sPLA<sub>2</sub>) and SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease</strong> - The development of novel agents to combat COVID-19 is of high importance. SARS-CoV-2 main protease (M^(pro)) is a highly attractive target for the development of novel antivirals and a variety of inhibitors have already been developed. Accumulating evidence on the pathobiology of COVID-19 has shown that lipids and lipid metabolizing enzymes are critically involved in the severity of the infection. The purpose of the present study was to identify an inhibitor able to simultaneously inhibit both…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Hydrophobic Alpha-Helical Short Peptides in Overlapping Reading Frames of the Coronavirus Genome</strong> - In this study, we show that the coronavirus (CoV) genome may encode many functional hydrophobic alpha-helical peptides (HAHPs) in overlapping reading frames of major coronaviral proteins throughout the entire viral genome. These HAHPs can theoretically be expressed from non-canonical sub-genomic (sg)RNAs that are synthesized in substantial amounts in infected cells. We selected and analyzed five and six HAHPs encoded in the S gene regions of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>In Silico Repurposed Drugs against Monkeypox Virus</strong> - Monkeypox is an emerging epidemic of concern. The disease is caused by the monkeypox virus and an increasing global incidence with a 2022 outbreak that has spread to Europe amid the COVID-19 pandemic. The new outbreak is associated with novel, previously undiscovered mutations and variants. Currently, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved poxvirus treatment involves the use of tecovirimat. However, there is otherwise limited pharmacopoeia and research interest in monkeypox. In this…</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-patent-search">From Patent Search</h1>
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<h1 data-aos="fade-down" id="daily-dose">Daily-Dose</h1>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" data-aos-anchor-placement="top-bottom" id="contents">Contents</h1>
<ul>
<li><a href="#from-new-yorker">From New Yorker</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-vox">From Vox</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-the-hindu-sports">From The Hindu: Sports</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-the-hindu-national-news">From The Hindu: National News</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-bbc-europe">From BBC: Europe</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-ars-technica">From Ars Technica</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-jokes-subreddit">From Jokes Subreddit</a></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-new-yorker">From New Yorker</h1>
<ul>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>When Private Equity Takes Over a Nursing Home</strong> - After an investment firm bought St. Joseph’s Home for the Aged, in Richmond, Virginia, the company reduced staff, removed amenities, and set the stage for a deadly outbreak of COVID-19. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/dispatch/when-private-equity-takes-over-a-nursing-home">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>The Afghan Women Left Behind</strong> - After the Taliban seized power in Afghanistan, a U.S. organization shut down the country’s largest network of women’s shelters. Its founders think that it made a huge mistake. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/dispatch/the-afghan-women-left-behind">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Is There a Serious Case for a Not-Awful Election for Democrats This Fall?</strong> - One strategist’s “Trumptimism” is another’s “hopium.” - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/letter-from-bidens-washington/is-there-a-serious-case-for-a-not-awful-election-for-democrats-this-fall">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>The Obsessive Pleasures of Mechanical-Keyboard Tinkerers</strong> - On the right machine, typing can be like playing a Steinway grand. Is tactile perfection possible? - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/tech/annals-of-technology/the-obsessive-pleasures-of-mechanical-keyboard-tinkerers">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Could Coal Waste Be Used to Make Sustainable Batteries?</strong> - Acid mine drainage has long been a scourge in Appalachia. Recent research suggests that we may be able to simultaneously clean up the pollution and extract the minerals and elements needed to power green technologies. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/us-journal/could-coal-waste-be-used-to-make-sustainable-batteries">link</a></p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-vox">From Vox</h1>
<ul>
<li><strong>The summer of swirly, googly, bombastic, over-the-top movies</strong> -
<figure>
<img alt="Idris Elba, in a red robe, stands in front of a brilliantly-patterned wallpaper." src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/mCzPyngkJURZGRMdP2ViiaXIU1g=/0x0:2276x1707/1310x983/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_image/image/71287114/threecover.0.jpg"/>
<figcaption>
<em>Three Thousand Years of Longing</em> is a peak for this summer’s maximalism at the movies. | MGM
</figcaption>
</figure>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Three Thousand Years of Longing caps an off-the-rails summer — one that might be the future.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="VnUXYd">
<em>Three Thousand Years of Longing</em> is a tricky flick to describe. The latest movie from the multifaceted George Miller — whose previous films improbably include the <em>Mad Max </em>series and <em>Babe: Pig in the City —</em> is a fantasy. It’s a fairy tale for grown-ups. It’s a romance (a surprisingly swoony one) and a fable, and a gorgeously loving tribute to millennia of storytellers. It’s a lot of things. And mostly, it’s just a <em>lot.</em>
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="gM9V7Q">
The film — which stars Tilda Swinton as a mousy, lonely “narratologist” who accidentally lets loose an ancient djinn (Idris Elba) — is the kind of no-holds-barred storytelling you might expect from Miller. It runs down rabbit trails and twists in unexpected directions and beckons you to come along for the ride. Most of all, it creates a world where every sense is heightened, where you can almost smell the spices and feel the textures. You’re wrapped up in a whirlwind, and when it’s all over you emerge from the daydream, blinking. Movies like this drag you into another universe.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="3vTYxd">
<em>Three Thousand Years of Longing</em> is far from the first film to spin this kind of web; cinema’s great strength is transporting us into other worlds. But the tale of the djinn and the narratologist doesn’t hold anything back, and it’s a fitting closure to a summer full of similarly maximalist storytelling, a trend that might tell us something about where movies are headed.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="s4KI2f">
Think of <a href="https://www.vox.com/23180728/elvis-luhrmann-tom-hanks-austin-butler"><em>Elvis</em></a>, for instance, Baz Luhrmann’s fantasia of a biopic. It’s not a great film, though it features moments of greatness — but boy is it a lot of movie, from the moment a rhinestone-bedecked Warner Bros. logo appears to the very end of the credits. Luhrmann is a reigning master of maximalism; you’d expect nothing less. But even for him, it’s a ride, a heart-pounding montage from beginning to end.
</p>
<figure class="e-image">
<img alt="A scene from RRR with two men flying at each other through the air, fire in the background." src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/BAuDZZTLTHYmGZyDPZwSI5ol6lw=/800x0/filters:no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23970966/rrr.jpg"/> <cite>DVV Entertainment/Netflix</cite>
<figcaption>
<em>RRR</em> really goes to the max.
</figcaption>
</figure>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="96ULGk">
Place that alongside a few other films: <em>RRR</em>, the Indian film with the explosive title (it stands for <em>Rise Roar Revolt</em>) that turns revolution <a href="https://www.polygon.com/22996870/rrr-review-rise-roar-revolt">into an enormous, eyepopping, cathartic thriller</a>. Or <a href="https://www.vox.com/23141487/top-gun-maverick-us-military-hollywood"><em>Top Gun: Maverick</em></a>, which ups the ante on its predecessor with even more daring and death-defying stunts, a heart-pounder if there ever was one. Or <a href="https://www.vulture.com/article/movie-review-resurrection-with-rebecca-hall-and-tim-roth.html"><em>Resurrection</em></a>, in which Rebecca Hall and Tim Roth’s twisted cat-and-mouse game ends with one of the weirdest, most bombastic images I’ve ever seen in a horror film. Or <a href="https://www.vox.com/23086827/men-alex-garland-annihilation-eden-devs-machina"><em>Men</em></a>, which, now that I think about it, dips into the same imagery pool as <em>Resurrection </em>and takes it even further. Or <a href="https://www.vox.com/culture/23272728/nope-review-explain-spoiler-peele-saucer"><em>Nope</em></a>, which mashes up a horror film, a Western, and an alien invasion flick, delivering some scenes so eerie (and gory) and flat-out baffling that you’re left turning them over in your head for days.
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="bDinjm">
The king of them all might be <a href="https://www.vox.com/culture/23024945/everything-everywhere-all-at-once-multiverse-explained-quantum-physicist"><em>Everything Everywhere All At Once</em></a>, with its full-throated maximalist title that could serve as an accurate summation for the whole trend. It was a hit with audiences because of its huge heart. But to get at that heart, you first journeyed through a few million universes, piles of googly eyes, some kung fu, some threats to the universe, a couple of rocks having a conversation, tributes to the films of Wong Kar Wai, and a giant everything bagel representing ultimate nihilism. And a bunch of stuff I’ve probably forgotten, even though I’ve seen it twice.
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That’s the thing with maximalist cinema: It asks you to rewatch it. An overstuffed movie isn’t meant to be taken in once. You’ve got to see it to figure out what it is, and then see it again to look around the edges, to watch what’s in the background, to catch the subtle jokes and allusions and musical cues. You want to experience that feeling of release, of sucking all the air in the world into your lungs and then letting it all out with a deep, deep sigh. To let your heart slam against your rib cage, glide into your throat, plummet into your stomach, and then do it all over again. To feel delightfully, deliciously overstimulated.
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<img alt="A scene from Everything Everywhere All At Once." src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/63ow_oJq47e8gcmKvoMPiBL2lZk=/800x0/filters:no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23970979/everything.jpg"/> <cite>A24</cite>
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The delightfully over-the-top <em>Everything Everywhere All At Once</em> was a huge hit this year.
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For nearly 15 years now, American cinema has been increasingly dominated by movies that aim to do just that, starring superheroes with extraordinary abilities and brightly colored clothes and big robot suits that go boom. But even those have had to up the ante, with larger and larger casts, more crossovers, more casting announcements. They can’t harbor too many surprises, derived as they are from existing creative properties with vast fan bases and an expectation that characters won’t deviate from their essential natures. So <a href="https://www.vox.com/culture/2019/4/23/18512851/avengers-endgame-review-marvel-miracle">one of the biggest “cinematic events” of the past decade</a> basically involved a whole bunch of characters from a whole bunch of movies showing up on the same battlefield, and we got to see them all together. Cool!
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But it’s telling that in the wake of that movie, the MCU has flailed a bit; once <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4xgx4k83zzc">you go to 11</a>, it’s hard to turn the volume back down, and besides, everyone’s gone a bit deaf.
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That’s why this summer’s maximalist trend is so interesting. On the one hand, it shows signs of trying to replicate the cameo-happy fixation of big-budget franchise cinema (see <a href="https://www.vox.com/culture/23290611/bullet-train-review-pitt-cameos-spoilers"><em>Bullet Train</em>’s many bit parts for proof</a>).
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On the other hand, going over the top and off the rails is a rather refreshing response to the homogeneity of the multiplex offerings, the samey-sameness of sequel-and-reboot culture. Sure, <em>Elvis</em> is about the life of a real person, and <em>Top Gun: Maverick</em> is technically a sequel (though one that stridently avoids the pitfalls of its ilk). But the maximalist trend on the whole emphasizes original ideas without an obvious built-in audience. They’re unpredictable; they’re new stories; they’re surprising and enchanting. They’re not delightful because you’re seeing something you expect — they’re just the opposite.
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And audiences seem hungry for it, whether they’re seeing a movie about a multiverse mom or an alien terrorizing a ranch or a djinn and a narratologist. The familiar and derivative will always have a place in Hollywood — and maybe an outsized one. But maybe, after years of being force-fed what the giant corporations already know we’ll eat, we’re finally ready to try something new.
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Three Thousand Years of Longing<em>, </em>Elvis<em>, </em>Top Gun: Maverick<em>, </em>Nope<em>, and </em>Resurrection<em> are playing in theaters. </em>RRR<em> is streaming on Netflix. </em>Men<em> and </em>Everything Everywhere All At Once<em> are available to rent or purchase on digital platforms. </em>
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<li><strong>The introvert’s guide to actually enjoying a party</strong> -
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<img alt="Illustration of a tired woman sitting on the ground, with a plug in her neck that’s attached to a battery with very little power." src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/vxauDk4q7TgkAmWSIZJd61MEFFY=/833x0:7500x5000/1310x983/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_image/image/71246549/GettyImages_1348886216.0.jpg"/>
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Denis Novikov/Getty Images/iStockphoto
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It’s all about managing your social battery.
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<img alt=" " src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/YYgW4HsU995yniG4Y5QuEoQvF0Y=/800x0/filters:no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/21899595/VOX_The_Highlight_Box_Logo_Horizontal.png"/>
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="o9fZpe">
<em>Part of the </em><a href="https://www.vox.com/the-highlight/23191507/welcome-to-the-friendship-issue-of-the-highlight"><em><strong>Friendship Issue</strong></em></a><em><strong> </strong></em><em>of </em><a href="https://www.vox.com/the-highlight"><em><strong>The Highlight</strong></em></a><em>, our home for ambitious stories that explain our world.</em>
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Call it the introvert’s party paradox. You’ve been invited to a large social event — say, a friend’s wedding. You’re full of warm feelings about their nuptials, and you’re looking forward to seeing people you haven’t connected with in a while. You’ve got an incredible outfit planned.
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The night swings into full-on party mode, but at a certain point, hours before the function is set to wind down, you realize with an unwelcome lurch that your energy and enthusiasm for engaging with people has begun a precipitous decline. With every introduction to a member of the happy couple’s family, every grinning friend beckoning you to come dance, you feel the growing urge to disappear to the nearest stairwell and sit quietly by yourself for a while. In order to enjoy the party, it seems, you must escape the party.
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When we talk about a person’s capacity for socializing, we’re often referring to how introverted or extroverted they are. Laurie Helgoe, a clinical psychologist and author of the book <a href="https://bookshop.org/books/introvert-power-why-your-inner-life-is-your-hidden-strength/9781402280887"><em>Introvert Power: Why Your Inner Life Is Your Hidden Strength</em></a>, describes introversion, in its simplest terms, as an internal orientation.
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“We go inward to make sense of the world. An extrovert is more likely to work things out through interaction and direct experience,” says Helgoe, who identifies as an introvert. People who are introverted tend to be most effective when they’re dealing with less external stimulation, whereas extroverts like a lot of external feedback.
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Among personality psychologists, introversion and extroversion are seen as broad traits that include several narrower components, not all of which deal explicitly with a person’s interest in socializing. There isn’t a single working list of these facets, but extroversion typically includes “things like assertiveness, high activity level, some dominance and cheerfulness, some sociability, some joviality,” says John Zelenski, a professor of psychology at Carleton University in Ottawa who studies extroversion, happiness, and social behavior. Introversion is often defined by lower scores on those same metrics.
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Though it’s often gratifying to <a href="https://www.vox.com/the-goods/2021/9/30/22696338/pathologizing-adhd-autism-anxiety-internet-tiktok-twitter">categorize ourselves as one kind of person or another</a>, most of us possess shades of both introversion and extroversion. These traits exist on a continuum, says Zelenski, with the majority of people falling somewhere in the middle of the bell curve and a smaller number of extreme introverts and extroverts on either end.
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If you tend to be more introverted, the realization that your social battery doesn’t hold a charge for the full duration of a social gathering can bring up feelings of discomfort or shame. You may worry that you’re bringing down the vibe or that people will leave with a middling impression of you, even as your own need for some quiet time isn’t being met. But by accepting your battery life for what it is and getting to know the different factors that support or strain it, you stand a better chance of getting through the night in a stress-free way — and of actually enjoying yourself in the process.
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Get to know the dimensions of your social battery through trial and error
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There’s nothing inherently good or bad about being introverted or extroverted, says Jennifer Kahnweiler, the author of <a href="https://bookshop.org/books/creating-introvert-friendly-workplaces-how-to-unleash-everyone-s-talent-and-performance/9781523086511"><em>Creating Introvert-Friendly Workplaces</em></a>. Still, many introverts get the message that at an event, they should be out in the crowd, mingling and partying — and that there’s something deeply wrong with them if they don’t feel up to that. It doesn’t help that most big group gatherings are indeed geared toward extroverts. “The way we plan all kinds of events, whether they’re social or business, tends to be very much skewed toward the extrovert ideal of being stimulated all the time,” says Kahnweiler.
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Researchers have paid a lot of attention to the negative aspects of time spent alone, and with good reason, says Robert Coplan, a colleague of Zelenski’s in the Carleton University psychology department. “Unwanted solitude makes you feel lonely, and we know that chronic loneliness is not only bad for your mental health, it’s bad for your physical health,” Coplan says.
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But we can also get far less solitude than we crave, a phenomenon that Coplan, who studies the benefits of solitude, calls “aloneliness.” When people want alone time but are forced into prolonged social situations, they can become grumpy, sad, stressed-out, and exhausted.
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Everyone needs a different amount of time spent socializing and time spent alone. Though the research on solitude hasn’t advanced to the point that Coplan could say how much time people typically or optimally need alone, a close study of your own behavior and mood could help you figure out your ideal balance. “What we tell people to do is just track your solitary and social experiences over the period of a couple of weeks — how much time did I spend alone, how much time did I spend with other people, and how was I feeling?” Coplan says. “And then you can calibrate. It’s really going to be trial-and-error for each person.”
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Both the number of doses of solitude and the length of those doses can play a role in how refreshed a person feels afterward. “Not everybody has time to take a two-hour walk in the forest, but if you take a 10-minute micro-dose of solitude to catch your breath and center yourself, that might be equally effective for some people,” Coplan explains.
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While tracking your experiences with solitude can help you understand your needs better — and in turn give you a better handle on how to prepare for and navigate long social engagements — there’s an important complication to the matter of introverts needing alone time: Introverts <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23586413/">tend to underestimate</a> how much they will enjoy being around other people.
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According to Zelenski, an introvert himself, <a href="https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2002-08203-014">research suggests</a> that people who are introverted can actually feel a lot of positive emotions when they act in extroverted ways. Some of his own work builds on this notion: His team found that introverts’ positive emotions <a href="https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2011-18181-001">were not tinged</a> by negative feelings or mental fatigue after spurts of extroverted activity. But, Zelenski notes, research has also shown that when people were asked to act as extroverted as possible for a week, the introverts <a href="https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2018-58861-001?doi=1">started to show signs of strain</a>. “That does make me think it’s probably possible to overdo it,” Zelenski says. “That certainly resonates with my personal experience.”
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Before an event, spend some time preparing to socialize
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When it comes to managing your social battery at an event, Kahnweiler says, “the real key is preparation.” Thinking ahead of time about how you can make a party less overwhelming relieves some of the pressure in the moment, when you’re already starting to feel stressed and burned out.
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If you’re an introvert, you’re already well aware that taking periodic breaks away from the crowd is one of the most effective ways to recenter yourself. As an event is getting started, Kahnweiler recommends scoping out the venue for spots where you can chill out by yourself. To the extent that you have a formal schedule for the evening, you can also plot out <em>when</em> you’ll be seizing those opportunities.
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When you’re attending an event with a date or other people, it can be useful to tell them about your plans to slip off, both so that they know what’s going on and to normalize doing so, for yourself and others. “You can say to them: ‘You might not see me a couple of times. I’m fine, I just need to take breaks,’” says Kahnweiler, a self-described extrovert. In the early days of her relationship with her husband, who is an introvert, Kahnweiler didn’t understand why he would disappear at parties and would get frustrated when he did so. Now she knows that he just needs to take a breather, and their friends have come to expect it as well. “He owns it,” she says.
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Beyond carving out space for solitude, Helgoe suggests familiarizing yourself with the social context of a party before you arrive, which can make the event itself less overwhelming. If you’re close with the host, that can translate to asking for a copy of the guest list, so that you can figure out what the scene will look like and who you’re excited to speak with. If you know other people who are attending, hit them up to ask who else they know will be there.
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Naturally, it also pays to charge your battery before the event begins. If I could plot out my perfect party prep, it would involve speaking to no one but my boyfriend for about four hours, during which I’d lay on the couch scrolling TikTok while drinking tea, go for a run, and then take a long shower. Sometimes life gets in the way of our dreamy silent afternoons, obviously. This is where Coplan’s suggestion to track your experiences with solitude comes in handy: If you have a sense for what sort of alone time makes you feel most centered, you can prioritize it before going out.
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At the event, take your breaks — and remember that nobody cares that you’ve disappeared to the bathroom for 20 minutes
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You’ve prepared, you’ve arrived at the venue, and when you feel like you need an escape, you’ll be taking those quiet breaks that you built into your mental plan for the evening. In the meantime, you may keep in mind that for many introverts, not all conversations are equally draining. According to Kahnweiler, introverts often prefer more in-depth, one-on-one conversations to flitting through the crowd.
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Helgoe says talking about ideas rather than people can also be slightly less taxing. “Social data is kind of demanding, and we like to sometimes have more of a side-by-side experience with a person, where we’re looking at an idea or a shared interest,” Helgoe says.
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This certainly doesn’t mean you should avoid group conversations or personal histories in the name of enduring a party. Rather, it’s a suggestion to take an active role in your experience of it. For many introverts, big events can have a combative edge, as though we have to protect the little flame of our sanity against the impositions of the socializing crowd. It’s easy to forget that, in many situations, we have a choice in who we talk to, when we take breaks, and how long we stay.
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The truth is that these decisions usually matter a lot to us and way less to everyone else. “We put a lot more pressure on ourselves,” says Kahnweiler. “People are not always thinking about us.”
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<li><strong>California’s gas car ban will change how everyone drives</strong> -
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<img alt="Photo of California license plate reading “THRSTEE”" src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/RfOo9L3XUxRU4Lt1X5bcgik69VE=/90x0:4039x2962/1310x983/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_image/image/71281445/GettyImages_489535634.0.jpeg"/>
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California is about to vote on a plan to end the sales of fossil fuel-powered vehicles by 2035. | Josh Edelson/AFP via Getty Images
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State regulators just passed a proposal to ban sales of gasoline vehicles by 2035.
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California, the state that buys the most cars and trucks in the United States, will ban the sale of fossil fuel-powered vehicles by 2035. This represents the largest government move against gasoline and diesel to date, with the potential to ripple throughout the country and the global auto industry.
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The California Air Resources Board, which regulates pollution in the state, voted unanimously on Thursday to approve <a href="https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/sites/default/files/barcu/board/books/2022/082522/prores22-12.pdf">a proposal</a> that will require 100 percent of all cars sold in the state to produce zero greenhouse gas emissions in 13 years. The board is invoking its authority to protect air quality and deal with the impacts of climate change. Gasoline and diesel-powered vehicles worsen both.
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Lauren Sanchez, senior climate adviser to California Gov. Gavin Newsom, told reporters Wednesday the vote marks “a huge day not only for California, but for the country and the entire world as we dive headfirst into the next chapter of the zero-emission vehicle revolution.”
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On top of that, the new rule, called the <a href="https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/our-work/programs/advanced-clean-cars-program/advanced-clean-cars-ii">CARB Advanced Clean Cars II</a> rule, sets an interim milestone requiring 35 percent of new vehicles to produce zero emissions “that rapidly increases to nearly 70 percent of new vehicles sales by 2030, further increasing to 100 percent by the 2035 model year,” according to the text of the resolution.
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California has long held the pole position in the auto industry. The state has close to <a href="https://www.energy.ca.gov/data-reports/energy-almanac/transportation-energy/summary-california-vehicle-and-transportation">30 million registered cars and trucks</a>, and in 2021, registered an additional <a href="https://www.cncda.org/wp-content/uploads/Auto-Outlook-3Q-21.pdf">1.8 million new vehicles</a>, of which roughly 8 percent were electric. CARB also has special permission from the federal government to <a href="https://www.vox.com/recode/23141629/electric-car-ev-gas-mileage-fuel-price-economy-epa-california">set tougher air quality rules</a> for all vehicles, rules that <a href="https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/sites/default/files/2022-05/%C2%A7177_states_05132022_NADA_sales_r2_ac.pdf">17 other states</a> have adopted as well. Automakers don’t like making different cars for different states, so California sets the de facto standard for the country and other parts of the world.
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The open question now is whether the state can meet the targets set out by the new rule. “It is expected that EVs will dominate the new vehicle market nationwide in the future,” said said <a href="https://www.cmu.edu/epp/people/faculty/kate-whitefoot.html">Kate Whitefoot</a>, an associate professor of engineering and public policy at Carnegie Mellon University, in an email. “The uncertainty is exactly when this will occur. This regulation by California would serve to accelerate that timeline.”
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The challenge is not only getting carmakers to build zero-emissions vehicles but also convincing drivers to buy them. The 2035 deadline is far off from an environmental perspective, but very close when it comes to vehicle development timelines. It takes years for a car to go from the drawing board to the road, and meeting all the diverse needs of drivers will demand a new generation of zero-emissions vehicles. But in the meantime, most cars sold will still run on fossil fuels that heat up the planet.
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Transportation is the largest source of greenhouse gases in the US, so meeting domestic and international targets for cutting emissions demands rapid decarbonization in cars and trucks right away. By 2030, the US is <a href="https://www.vox.com/22397364/earth-day-us-climate-change-summit-biden-john-kerry-commitment-2030-zero-emissions">aiming to cut its overall emissions at least 50 percent</a> relative to 2005. But currently, only a tiny fraction of new vehicles in the US produce zero emissions. At the current rate of growth, just <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2021/03/10/climate/electric-vehicle-fleet-turnover.html">a quarter of new cars across the country</a> will be electric by 2035, so sales have to pick up drastically.
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And the CARB proposal doesn’t take gasoline cars off the road; it only stops dealers from selling them. Given that the average car stays on the road for <a href="https://www.caranddriver.com/research/a32758625/how-many-miles-does-a-car-last/">more than 11 years</a>, California will still be thirsty for gasoline and diesel for years past 2035.
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As for automobile manufacturers, many have said that they are betting on a future powered by electrons, but California’s fossil fuel vehicle phaseout will test their commitments.
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A spokesperson for General Motors said the company is still evaluating the CARB proposal, but said in an emailed statement that the company and California “have a shared vision of an all-electric future, eliminating tailpipe emissions from new light-duty vehicles by 2035.”
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Stellantis, the company formed from the merger of Fiat Chrysler and Peugeot S.A. last year, said California’s gasoline and diesel phaseout is in line with their own ambitions. “Stellantis is committed to net-zero carbon emissions by 2038, evidenced by our recent $35-billion investment in vehicle electrification and related software toward the introduction [of] 25 US-market battery-electric vehicles by 2030,” said Eric Mayne, a spokesperson for Stellantis, in an email.
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Ford, however, was far more enthusiastic about the new rule. “The CARB Advanced Clean Cars II rule is a landmark standard that will define clean transportation and set an example for the United States,” said Bob Holycross, chief sustainability officer at Ford, in an email. (The company previously sided with California when a group of Republican state attorneys general <a href="https://www.axios.com/2022/05/14/epa-vehicle-emissions-california">sued this year</a> to try to take away California’s special authority to set pollution rules for vehicles.)
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="j46c5r">
But what about drivers? Cars in the US are only getting more expensive. On average, a new car <a href="https://www.caranddriver.com/news/a38748092/new-car-average-sale-prices-47100/">costs more than $47,000</a>. New and used car prices <a href="https://www.thedrive.com/news/lofty-new-and-used-car-prices-are-driving-inflation">also reached a record high this year</a>, adding to inflation worries. Meanwhile, the median annual income in the US is <a href="https://www.census.gov/library/publications/2021/demo/p60-273.html">$41,000</a>, and <a href="https://pirg.org/resources/driving-into-debt/#:~:text=Currently%2C%2085%20percent%20of%20all%20new%20car%20purchases%20in%20the%20United%20States%20are%20financed">85 percent of new car purchases</a> require loans. The total Americans owe in automotive loan debt exceeds <a href="https://www.consumerfinance.gov/about-us/blog/rising-car-prices-means-more-auto-loan-debt/">$1.4 trillion</a>.
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These constraints make EVs an even tougher sell right now. Many electric cars are currently more expensive than their gasoline-powered siblings. There are, however, federal and state credits and incentives to lower the cost of cleaner cars and trucks. The recently passed <a href="https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2022/7/28/23281757/whats-in-climate-bill-inflation-reduction-act">Inflation Reduction Act</a> gives buyers $7,500 in credits per new electric vehicle, and roughly $4,000 for a used one. The law includes <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2022/08/22/business/energy-environment/biden-climate-bill-energy-loans.html">$100 billion to finance EV production</a>, as well as $250 billion in loan guarantees. The federal government is also setting <a href="https://www.vox.com/recode/23141629/electric-car-ev-gas-mileage-fuel-price-economy-epa-california">tougher fuel economy standards</a> to prod companies into making cleaner cars.
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Afw35k">
But electric cars aren’t the only way to decarbonize transportation. Nearly three-quarters of vehicle trips in the US are <a href="https://www.energy.gov/eere/vehicles/articles/fotw-1042-august-13-2018-2017-nearly-60-all-vehicle-trips-were-less-six-miles">less than 10 miles</a>, so getting people out of cars and onto buses, bikes, scooters, and trains would take a bigger bite out of greenhouse gas emissions than just electrification. That, too, will require more incentives and investment in infrastructure.
</p>
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Still, California’s deadline to get new fossil fuel cars off of its roads is an important signal for the auto industry to change direction. It could be the push needed for rumbling, carbon dioxide-spewing motors to find an exit and drive off into the sunset.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="hR9sqs">
<em><strong>Update, August 25, 5:15 pm ET: </strong></em><em>This story was originally published August 24 and has been updated to reflect the passage of the measure to end the sale of fossil fuel-powered cars in California. </em>
</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-the-hindu-sports">From The Hindu: Sports</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Audi to finally enter F1 after years of waiting in the wings</strong> - FIA’s new engine regulations that will come into force in 2026 cited as the reason for the German auto major’s foray in to the sport</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Asia Cup 2022 | With one eye on T20 World Cup, sub-continental giants resume rivalry</strong> - Leaving aside the lone qualifier Hong Kong, the five other teams includes India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Afghanistan and Bangladesh</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Europa League draw | Manchester United to meet Sociedad, Arsenal drawn with PSV in group stage</strong> - Manchester United were drawn with Spanish team Real Sociedad, Moldovan side Sheriff Tiraspol and Cypriot outfit Omonoia in Group E of the UEFA Europa League group stage draw</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>It’s My Time and One Wish show out</strong> -</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Ayushi Podder tops women’s rifle 3-position</strong> - 21-year-old Ayushi as she topped qualification with 587 along with Priya, and topped the second stage 0.8 point ahead of the same rival</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-the-hindu-national-news">From The Hindu: National News</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>UP CM Yogi Adityanath has directed crackdown on drugs, illicit liquor, says Noida police commissioner</strong> - Yogi Adityanath also issued directions to ensure strict action against anti-social elements who use their “clout” to harass ordinary citizens</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>There will be at least one Constitution Bench in Supreme Court throughout the year: CJI-designate U.U. Lalit</strong> - With pendency having risen alarmingly, Justice Lalit promises clarity and transparency in urgent listing of cases in the apex court</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Ghulam Nabi Azad’s resignation letter to Congress similar to the one I wrote when leaving party: Assam CM Himanta Biswa Sarma</strong> - “I had written in 2015 that a time will come when only the Gandhis will be left in the Congress and all others will leave. This is what is happening,” the Chief Minister of Assam stated.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Raids against us linked to upcoming Gujarat polls: Arvind Kejriwal</strong> - “Vested interests are now trying to topple the Delhi government.”</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Indian Army accelerates procurement of light tank ‘Zorawar’ for LAC</strong> - The agile ‘Zorawar’ will improve the Indian Army’s operational capabilities, especially in the northern borders</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-bbc-europe">From BBC: Europe</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Macron says UK and France face problems if leaders unsure over friendship</strong> - The French president warns of “problems” after Liz Truss doubted if he was “friend or foe”.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Giorgia Meloni: Far-right leader who’s favourite to run Italy</strong> - Giorgia Meloni aims to be Italy’s first female PM and vehemently rejects any link to fascism.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Climate change: Russia burns off gas as Europe’s energy bills rocket</strong> - Russia is burning off millions of dollars in gas every day at a plant near the Finnish border.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Zaporizhzhia: World narrowly avoided radiation accident - Zelensky</strong> - The Russian-occupied Zaporizhzhia nuclear plant was briefly reliant on back up power, Ukraine says.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Latvia brings down World War Two memorial</strong> - Riga, the capital city of Latvia, has dismantled a World War Two monument in response to Russia’s invasion of Ukraine.</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-ars-technica">From Ars Technica</h1>
<ul>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Rocket Report: At long last the SLS is ready, Alpha gets a launch date</strong> - “For the uncrewed demo, the goal is to have a safe landing.” - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1875923">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Audi will build F1 engines, entering the sport in 2026</strong> - Audi is one of two VW Group brands that will enter F1 when the new rules come in. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1876328">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Forget 5G wireless, SpaceX and T-Mobile want to offer Zero-G coverage</strong> - “So it’s really quite a difficult technical challenge.” - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1876061">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>An herbal remedy caused the death of CA congressman’s wife</strong> - A bit of undigested white mulberry leaf was found in the woman’s stomach. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1876299">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>US government to make all research it funds open access on publication</strong> - Policy will go into effect in 2026, apply to everything that gets federal money. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1876279">link</a></p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-jokes-subreddit">From Jokes Subreddit</h1>
<ul>
<li><strong>The Hospital</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF -->
<div class="md">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
A sweet old lady telephoned the hospital.
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She timidly asked, “Is it possible to speak to someone who can tell me how a patient is doing?”
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
The operator said, “I can, what’s the name and room number?”
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
The old laday in her weak voice said, “Doreen Jacobs, Room 604.”
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
The operator replied, “Let me place you on hold while I check with her nurse.”
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
After a few minutes the operator returned to the phone and said, “Oh, I have good news, her nurse just told me that Doreen is doing very well. Her blood pressure is fine; her blood work just came back as normal and her physician, Dr. Ross, has scheduled her to be discharged on Tuesday.”
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The old lady said, “Thank you. That’s wonderful! I was so worried! God bless you!”
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The operator replied, “You’re more than welcome. Is Doreen your daughter?”
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The grandmother said, “No, I’m Doreen Jacobs in room 604. No one tells me shit.”
</p>
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/ES_FTrader"> /u/ES_FTrader </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/wxq274/the_hospital/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/wxq274/the_hospital/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
<li><strong>Why do hurricanes always receive female names?</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF -->
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That is because first, hurricanes are wet and wild at first. But in the end they take away your home.
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/Fully_Ironic"> /u/Fully_Ironic </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/wy3e0o/why_do_hurricanes_always_receive_female_names/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/wy3e0o/why_do_hurricanes_always_receive_female_names/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
<li><strong>Sex with 3 people is called a threesome. sex with 4 people is called a foursome.</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF -->
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Makes sense. People call me handsome.
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/pvsocialmedia"> /u/pvsocialmedia </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/wy5hpa/sex_with_3_people_is_called_a_threesome_sex_with/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/wy5hpa/sex_with_3_people_is_called_a_threesome_sex_with/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
<li><strong>Because Nintendo’s beloved character is Japanese, Mario is his LAST name. His first name?</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF -->
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Itsume.
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/OyVeyzMeir"> /u/OyVeyzMeir </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/wxd8aq/because_nintendos_beloved_character_is_japanese/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/wxd8aq/because_nintendos_beloved_character_is_japanese/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
<li><strong>I quit my job at the Helium factory today</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF -->
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I refuse to be spoken to in that tone.
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/Profacundo"> /u/Profacundo </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/wy5d2n/i_quit_my_job_at_the_helium_factory_today/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/wy5d2n/i_quit_my_job_at_the_helium_factory_today/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
</ul>
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