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<title>29 January, 2023</title>
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<h1 data-aos="fade-down" id="covid-19-sentry">Covid-19 Sentry</h1>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" data-aos-anchor-placement="top-bottom" id="contents">Contents</h1>
<ul>
<li><a href="#from-preprints">From Preprints</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-clinical-trials">From Clinical Trials</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-pubmed">From PubMed</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-patent-search">From Patent Search</a></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-preprints">From Preprints</h1>
<ul>
<li><strong>Social Isolation Causes Cortical and Trabecular Bone Loss in Adult Male, but not Female, C57BL/6J Mice</strong> -
<div>
Social isolation is a potent form of psychosocial stress and is a growing public health concern, particularly among older adults. Even prior to the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, which has significantly increased the prevalence of isolation and loneliness, researchers have been concerned about a rising “epidemic” of loneliness. Isolation is associated with an increased risk for many physical and mental health disorders and increased overall mortality risk. In addition to social isolation, older adults are also at greater risk for osteoporosis and related fractures. While researchers have investigated the negative effects of other forms of psychosocial stress on bone, including depression and PTSD, the effects of social isolation on bone have not been thoroughly investigated. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that social isolation would lead to bone loss in male and female C57BL/6J mice. 16-week-old mice were randomized into social isolation (1 mouse/cage) or grouped housing (4 mice/cage) for four weeks (N=16/group). Social isolation significantly decreased trabecular (BV/TV, BMD, Tb. N., Tb. Th.) and cortical bone (Ct.Th., Ct.Ar., Ct.Ar./Tt.Ar., pMOI, Ct.Por.) parameters in male, but not female mice. Isolated male mice had signs of reduced bone remodeling represented by reduced osteoblast numbers, osteoblast-related gene expression and osteoclast-related gene expression. However, isolated females had increased bone resorption-related gene expression, without any change in bone mass. Overall, our data suggest that social isolation has negative effects on bone in males, but not females, although females showed suggestive effects on bone resorption. These results provide critical insight into the effects of isolation on bone and have key clinical implications as we grapple with the long-term health impacts of the rise in social isolation related to the COVID-19 pandemic.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.27.525939v1" target="_blank">Social Isolation Causes Cortical and Trabecular Bone Loss in Adult Male, but not Female, C57BL/6J Mice</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>DeepERA: deep learning enables comprehensive identification of drug-target interactions via embedding of heterogeneous data</strong> -
<div>
Due to the tremendous combinatorial search space of tremendous drug-protein pairs, deep learning algorithms have been utilized to facilitate the identification of novel drug-target interactions. In this paper, we proposed an end-to-end deep learning model, DeepERA, to identify drug-target interactions based on heterogeneous data. This model assembles three independent feature embedding modules (intrinsic embedding, relational embedding, and annotation embedding) which each represent different attributes of the dataset and jointly contribute to the comprehensive predictions. This is the first work that, to our knowledge, applied deep learning models to learn each intrinsic features, relational features, and annotation features and combine them to predict drug-protein interactions. Our results showed that DeepERA outperformed other deep learning approaches proposed recently. Using our DeepERA framework, we identified 45,603 novel drug-protein interactions for the whole human proteome, including 356 drug-protein interactions for the human proteins targeted by SARS-CoV-2 viral proteins. We also performed computational docking for the selected interactions and conducted a two-way statistical test to “normalize” the docking scores of different proteins/drugs to support our predictions.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.27.525827v1" target="_blank">DeepERA: deep learning enables comprehensive identification of drug-target interactions via embedding of heterogeneous data</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Waves in time, but not in space - An analysis of pandemic severity of COVID-19 in Germany based on spatio-temporal clustering</strong> -
<div>
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While pandemic waves are often studied on the national scale, they typically are not distributed evenly within countries. This paper employs a novel approach to analyze the tempo-spatial dynamics of the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany. First, we base the analysis on a composite indicator of pandemic severity to gain a more robust understanding of the temporal dynamics of the pandemic. Second, we subdivide the pandemic during the years 2020 and 2021 into fifteen phases, each with a coherent trend of pandemic severity. Third, we analyze the patterns of spatial association during each phase. Fourth, similar types of trajectories of pandemic severity among all German counties were identified through hierarchical clustering. The results imply that the hotspots and cold spots of the first four waves of the pandemic were relatively stationary in space so that the pandemic moved in time but less in space.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.27.23285105v1" target="_blank">Waves in time, but not in space - An analysis of pandemic severity of COVID-19 in Germany based on spatio-temporal clustering</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Spatiotemporal transmission of SARS-CoV-2 lineages during 2020-2021 in Pernambuco - Brazil</strong> -
<div>
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In recent years, the SARS-CoV-2 viruses emerged and spread around the world, leaving a large death toll and long-lasting impact on survivors. As of January 2023, Brazil is still among the countries with the highest number of registered deaths. This continental-size and pluralistic country experienced a heterogenous implementation of non-pharmacological and pharmacological interventions which, associated with large socioeconomic differences between the country regions, has led to distinct virus spread dynamics across the country. Here we investigate the spatiotemporal dispersion of emerging SARS-CoV-2 lineages and its dynamics in distinct epidemiological scenarios in the first two years of the pandemics in the Pernambuco state (Northeast Brazil). We generated a total of 1389 new SARS-CoV-2 genomes from June 2020 to August 2021 covering all major regions of the state. This sampling captured the arrival, communitary transmission and the circulation of the B1.1, B.1.1.28 and B.1.1.33 lineages in the first eight months of the pandemics, the emergence of the former variant of interest P.2 and the emergence and fast replacement of all previous variants by the more transmissible variant of concern P.1 (Gamma) lineage. Based on the incidence and lineage spread pattern we observed that there was an East-to-West to inner state pattern of transmission which is in agreement with the transmission of more populous metropolitan areas to medium and small size country-side cities in the state. Such transmission patterns may be partially explained by the main routes of traffic across municipalities in the state. Nevertheless, inter-state traffic was also another important source of lineage introduction and spread into the state. Our results highlight that the fine grained intrastate analysis of lineages and incidence spread can provide actionable insights for planning future non-pharmacological intervention for air-borne transmissible human pathogens.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.25.23284831v1" target="_blank">Spatiotemporal transmission of SARS-CoV-2 lineages during 2020-2021 in Pernambuco - Brazil</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Vaccine-elicited B and T cell immunity to SARS-CoV-2 is impaired in chronic lung disease patients</strong> -
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The protection afforded by vaccination against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) to individuals with chronic lung disease is not well established. To understand how chronic lung disease impacts SARS-CoV-2 vaccine-elicited immunity we performed deep immunophenotyping of the humoral and cell mediated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine response in an investigative cohort of vaccinated patients with diverse pulmonary conditions including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and interstitial lung disease (ILD). Compared to healthy controls, 48% of vaccinated patients with chronic lung diseases had reduced antibody titers to the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine antigen as early as 3-4 months after vaccination, correlating with decreased vaccine-specific memory B cells. Vaccine-specific CD4 and CD8 T cells were also significantly reduced in patients with asthma, COPD, and a subset of ILD patients compared to healthy controls. These findings reveal the complex nature of vaccine-elicited immunity in high-risk patients with chronic lung disease.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.25.23284971v1" target="_blank">Vaccine-elicited B and T cell immunity to SARS-CoV-2 is impaired in chronic lung disease patients</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>COVID-19-related burnout reduces COVID-19 vaccination intention in cardiac patients: a cross-sectional study in Greece</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Background: New SARS-CoV-2 variants have emerged and COVID-19 is still a public health issue, especially for vulnerable groups such as people with chronic medical conditions. Objective: To investigate the impact of COVID-19-related burnout on COVID-19 vaccination intention in cardiac patients. Moreover, we investigated other possible demographic and psychological predictors of vaccination intention in cardiac patients. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study in Greece using a convenience sample. Data collection was performed from 20 November 2022 to 10 January 2023. We measured demographic data, COVID-19-related burnout, anxiety, depression, social support, and resilience. We used the following valid tools: COVID-19 burnout scale, Patient Health Questionnaire-4, Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, and Brief Resilience Scale. Results: Among patients, 45.8% were willing to accept a COVID-19 booster dose, 25.3% were hesitant, and 28.9% were unwilling. Patients experienced moderate levels of COVID-19-related burnout. After multivariable linear regression analysis, we found that increased age and decreased emotional exhaustion due to COVID-19 were associated with increased vaccination intention. Moreover, patients who have already received a booster dose had also a greater willingness to accept a new booster dose. Conclusions: Identification of factors that influence patients decision to accept a COVID-19 booster dose is crucial to maintain a high vaccination coverage rate among them in order to avoid COVID-19-related outcomes. Since a COVID-19 booster dose on an annual basis seems to be necessary policy makers should develop and implement vaccination programmes tailored for patients.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.27.23285082v1" target="_blank">COVID-19-related burnout reduces COVID-19 vaccination intention in cardiac patients: a cross-sectional study in Greece</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>The effects of physiotherapy programs in COVID-19 patients during admission in the hospital</strong> -
<div>
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Background and aims Several recommendations exist regarding the role of physiotherapy programs (PTPs) in COVID-19 patients. However, none of the studies examines the frequency of bedside PTPs during admission. Thus, this study aimed to compare the different bedside PTPs frequencies on the survival rate, length of hospitalization (LoH), referrals to the intensive care unit (ICU), and in-hospital complications. The safety of patients and the physiotherapist was also investigated. Methods Fifty-two COVID-19 patients were equally assigned into two groups matched on gender and age (1:1 ratio). Experimental group one received 1-2 times of PTPs during hospitalization, and experimental group two received daily PTPs until hospital discharge. The primary outcomes were the survival rate, LoH, referrals to ICU, and in-hospital complications. The secondary outcomes were the adverse events for patients and the number of physiotherapists who contracted with COVID-19. Results Most participants were classified as having mild to moderate COVID-19 with a mean age of 45 years. There were no differences between groups in all primary outcome measures (all p &gt; 0.05). The overall survival rate was 98%. One participant from the Ex-G2 group was referred to the ICU. Two Ex-G1 and four Ex-G2 participants had complications. There were no immediate serious adverse events found after PTPs for both groups. None of the physiotherapists tested positive for COVID-19. Conclusion In COVID-19 patients with mild to moderate conditions, one to two bedside PTPs were enough to achieve the same results as patients who received daily PTPs. PTPs were safe for COVID-19 patients, and physiotherapists.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.27.23285094v1" target="_blank">The effects of physiotherapy programs in COVID-19 patients during admission in the hospital</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Bioinformatics and system biology approach to identify the influences of COVID-19 on metabolic unhealthy obese patients</strong> -
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Objective: The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 has posed a significant challenge to health of individual. Increasing evidence shows that patients with metabolic unhealthy obesity (MUO) and COVID19 have severer complications and higher mortality rate. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the association between MUO and COVID19 are poorly understood. We sought to implement transcriptomic analysis using bioinformatics and systems biology analysis approaches. Methods: Here, two datasets (GSE196822 and GSE152991) were employed to extract differentially expressed genes (DEGs) to identify common hub genes, shared pathways and candidate drugs and construct a gene disease network. Results: Based on the identified 65 common DEGs, the results revealed hub genes and essential modules. Moreover, common associations between MUO and COVID-19 were found. Transcription factors (TFs) and genes interaction, protein and drug interactions, and DEGs and miRNAs coregulatory network were identified. Furthermore, the gene-disease association were obtained and constructed. Conclusions: The shared pathogenic pathways are noted worth paying attention to. Several genes are highlighted as critical targets for developing treatments for and investigating the complications of COVID19 and MUO. Additionally, multiple genes are identified as promising biomarkers. We think this result of the study may help in selecting and inventing future treatments that can combat COVID-19 and MUO.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.25.23284996v1" target="_blank">Bioinformatics and system biology approach to identify the influences of COVID-19 on metabolic unhealthy obese patients</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Primary care coding activity related to the use of online consultation systems or remote consulting: an analysis of 53 million peoples’ health records using OpenSAFELY</strong> -
<div>
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Objective: We aimed to explore general practice coding activity associated with the use of online consultation systems in terms of trends, COVID-19 effect, variation and quality. The pandemic accelerated work by the NHS in England to enable and stimulate use of online consultation systems across all practices, for improved access to primary care. Methods: With the approval of NHS England, OpenSAFELY-TPP and OpenSAFELY-EMIS were used to query and analyse in situ records of electronic health record systems of over 53 million patients in over 6,400 practices, mainly in 2019-2020. SNOMED CT codes relevant to online consultation systems and written online consultations were identified. Coded events were described by volumes, practice coverage, trends pre- and post-COVID-19 and inter-practice and sociodemographic variation. Results: 3,550,762 relevant coding events were found in TPP practices, with code eConsultation detected in 84% of practices. Coding activity related to digital forms of interaction increased rapidly from March 2020 at the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, though we found large variation in coding instance rates among practices in England. Code instances were more commonly found among females, those aged 18-40, those least deprived or white. eConsultation coded activity was more commonly found recorded among patients with a history of asthma or depression. Conclusions: We successfully queried general practice coding activity relevant to the use of online consultation systems, showing increased adoption as well as key areas of variation during the COVID-19 pandemic. The work can be expanded to support monitoring of coding quality and underlying activity. In future, large-scale impact evaluation studies can be implemented within the platform, namely looking at resource utilisation and patient outcomes.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.25.23284428v1" target="_blank">Primary care coding activity related to the use of online consultation systems or remote consulting: an analysis of 53 million peoples’ health records using OpenSAFELY</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Agent-based modeling and phylogenetic analysis suggests that COVID-19 will remain a low-severity albeit highly transmissible disease</strong> -
<div>
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The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic is still producing hundreds of thousands of cases worldwide. However, the currently dominant Omicron variant (and its sub-variants) have proven to be less virulent than previous dominant variants, resulting in proportionately fewer severe cases, hospitalizations and deaths. Nonetheless, a persistent concern is that new mutations of the SARS-CoV-2 virus may yet produce more virulent variants. In the present study we provide evidence supporting the hypothesis that this is unlikely, and that COVID-19 will remain a low-severity although highly transmissible disease. Three complementary pieces of evidence support our argument. First, empirical observations suggest that the transmission advantage that Omicron (sub)variants enjoy is in large part due to their cell tropism in the upper respiratory tract, which renders them less virulent. Second, when a negative link between transmissibility and virulence is included in agent-based epidemiological models, viruses evolve towards lower virulence. Third, genetic diversification of SARS-CoV-2 suggests that epistasis in the Omicron family reduces the diversity of successful variants. Taken together these observations point to a high likelihood that the severity of COVID-19 will remain sufficiently low for an endemic status to be reached, provided that vaccination campaigns and sensible hygiene and social measures continue worldwide, as suggested by the World Health Organization.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.27.23285126v1" target="_blank">Agent-based modeling and phylogenetic analysis suggests that COVID-19 will remain a low-severity albeit highly transmissible disease</a>
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<li><strong>Impact of vaccination and risk factors on COVID-19 mortality amid delta surge in Libya: a single centre cohort study</strong> -
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Background The Delta variant has led to a surge in COVID-19 cases in Libya, making it crucial to investigate the impact of vaccination on mortality rates among hospitalized patients and critically ill. Aims To study risk factors and COVID-19 mortality rates among unvaccinated and vaccinated adults during delta wave at a single COVID-19 care centre in Tripoli, Libya. Methods The study involved two independent cohorts (n=341). One cohort was collected retrospectively from May 2021-August 2021 and the second cohort was prospectively collected from August 2021-October 2021 and most of them were during the Delta wave. The two cohorts were merged and analysed as one group. Results Most patients were male (60.5%) and 53.3% were &gt;60 years. The vast majority of admitted patients did not have previous COVID-19 infection (98.9%) and were unvaccinated (90.3%). Among vaccinated, 30 patients had one dose and only 3 had two doses. Among patients who received one dose, 58.1% (18/31) died and 41.9% (13/31) survived. Most patients (72.2%) had a pre-existing medical condition. Multivariable prediction model showed that age &gt;60 years was significantly associated with death (odds ratio=2.328, CI 1.456-3.724, p-value=&lt;0.0001). Conclusion Previous infection or full vaccination against COVID-19 significantly reduces hospitalization and death, as most admitted patients were unvaccinated and not previously infected. However, a single vaccine dose may not be adequate, especially for older individuals and those with underlying medical conditions. High-risk older patients with comorbidities should be fully vaccinated and offered up to date bivalent COVID-19 booster doses.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.24.23284885v1" target="_blank">Impact of vaccination and risk factors on COVID-19 mortality amid delta surge in Libya: a single centre cohort study</a>
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<li><strong>Examining the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on cervical cancer screening practices among clinicians practicing in Federally Qualified Health Centers: A mixed methods study</strong> -
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Background: The COVID-19 pandemic led to reductions in cervical cancer screening and colposcopy. Therefore, in this mixed method study we explored perceived pandemic-related practice changes to cervical cancer screenings in federally qualified health centers. &lt;br /&gt;Methods: Between October 2021 and June 2022, a national sample of 148 clinicians completed surveys; a subset (n=13) clinicians completed qualitative interviews. Most (86%) reported reduced cervical cancer screening early in the pandemic, and 28% reported continued reduction in services at the time of survey completion (October 2021- July 2022). Nearly half (45%) reported staff shortages impacting their ability to screen or track patients. &lt;br /&gt;Results: Compared to clinicians in OBGYN/Women’s health, those in family medicine and other specialties were less likely to report maintaining or increasing screening compared to pre-pandemic. Advanced practice providers (compared to MDs/DOs,) and Hispanic/Latinx/other clinicians (compared to white non-Hispanic) were more likely to report maintaining or increasing screening vs. pre-pandemic. Most (91%) felt that screening using HPV self-sampling would be helpful to address screening backlogs. Qualitative interviews highlighted the impacts of staff shortages and strategies for improvement. &lt;br /&gt;Conclusions: Identifying barriers to screening and instituting solutions in federally qualified health centers is critical to preventing cervical cancers among patients at highest risk.&lt;br /&gt;Funding: This study was funded by the American Cancer Society, who had no role in the study’s design, conduct, or reporting.
</p>
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<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.27.23285111v1" target="_blank">Examining the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on cervical cancer screening practices among clinicians practicing in Federally Qualified Health Centers: A mixed methods study</a>
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<li><strong>Progression and management of diabetes in Indian settings with universal access to health care: Protocol and plans for CHIPS cohort study</strong> -
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There is a demand for more comprehensive studies related to diabetes management in Indian settings covering; incidence, multimorbidity and complications in diabetes patients, clinical progression, medication, and treatment-seeking patterns. CHIPS study aims to bridge this research gap through a systematic analysis of the medical records maintained under an employees contributory health services scheme (CHSS). The CHSS based in an urban metropolitan area has 89,204 beneficiaries. The hospital information management system (HIMS) has records of lab reports, clinical summaries, prescriptions, and drugs and other medical consumables, supplied for every interaction with CHSS. Firstly, a cohort of 835 patients newly diagnosed as diabetic in the year 2011-2012 was identified from the HIMS. Their 10-year (2011-2021) medical history after getting diagnosed as a diabetic patient was elicited from the HIMS in a retrospective manner. For comparison needs another cohort of 1670 age-sex matched non-diabetic beneficiaries was created and similar 10-year medical history was created. A total of 144,511 lab records and 247,473 drug records from the HIMS for the period 2010-2012 were scrutinized to identify newly diabetic patients and their non-diabetic counterparts. The reconstructed 10-year medical history of these two groups will be used to investigate the burden of diabetes in the community, transitions from a non-diabetic and pre-diabetic to a diabetic, excess morbidity in diabetic patients, seasonal variation in glycaemic levels, association between glycaemic control and frequency of health care utilization, and COVID-19-induced temporal changes in glycaemic control.
</p>
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<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.24.23284975v1" target="_blank">Progression and management of diabetes in Indian settings with universal access to health care: Protocol and plans for CHIPS cohort study</a>
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<li><strong>Effectiveness of a chatbot in improving the mental wellbeing of health workers in Malawi during the COVID-19 pandemic: A randomized, controlled trial</strong> -
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After the deleterious effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on healthcare worker mental health, we tested the effectiveness of an interactive chatbot, Vitalk, for improving wellbeing and resilience among healthcare workers in Malawi, a country with few mental health professionals. We conducted a randomized, controlled trial (RCT) to investigate our hypothesis that Vitalk is more effective in improving mental health and resilience outcomes than passive Internet resources. For our 2-arm, 8-week, parallel RCT (ISRCTN Registry: trial ID ISRCTN16378480), we recruited participants from 8 professional cadres from public and private healthcare facilities. The treatment arm used Vitalk; the control arm received links to Internet resources. Of 1,584 participants, 512 completed baseline and endline assessments. Six assessments provided outcome measures for: anxiety (GAD-7); depression (PHQ-9); burnout (OLBI); loneliness (ULCA); resilience (RS-14); and resilience-building activities. We analyzed effectiveness using mixed-effects linear models, effect size estimates, and reliable change in risk levels. Results from mixed-model analyses support our hypothesis. Difference-in-differences estimators showed that Vitalk reduced: depression (-0.68 [95% CI -1.15 to -0.21]); anxiety (-0.44 [95% CI -0.88 to 0.01]); and burnout (-0.58 [95% CI -1.32 to 0.15]). Changes in resilience (1.47 [95% CI 0.05 to 2.88]) and resilience-building activities (1.22 [95% CI 0.56 to 1.87]) were significantly greater in the treatment group. We observed no treatment effect on loneliness. Our RCT produced a medium effect size. This is the first RCT of a mental health app for healthcare workers during the pandemic in Southern Africa combining multiple mental wellbeing outcomes, and measuring resilience and resilience-building activities. A significant number of participants could have benefited from mental health support (1 in 8 reported anxiety and depression; 3 in 4 suffered burnout; and 1 in 4 had low resilience). Such help is not readily available in Malawi. Vitalk has the potential to fill this gap.
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<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.24.23284959v1" target="_blank">Effectiveness of a chatbot in improving the mental wellbeing of health workers in Malawi during the COVID-19 pandemic: A randomized, controlled trial</a>
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<li><strong>What interventions or best practice are there to support people with Long COVID, or similar post-viral conditions or conditions characterised by fatigue, to return to normal activities: a rapid review</strong> -
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Previous research has categorised symptoms of COVID-19 / Long COVID into 12 thematic areas including: fever, myalgia, fatigue, impaired cognitive function, and that COVID-19 survivors had reduced levels of physical function, activities of daily living, and health-related quality of life. Our aim was to review the evidence for interventions or best practice to support people with Long COVID, or similar post-viral conditions characterised by fatigue, to return to normal activities. Evidence was included from guidelines, systematic reviews (SR), and primary studies. The primary studies focussed on Long COVID (LC) indicated that there should be a needs-based focus to care for those with LC. Consideration should be given to individuals living with LC in the same way as people with disabilities are accommodated in terms of workplace adjustment. Two SRs indicated that non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) for patients with LC or chronic fatigue syndrome could help improve function for activities of daily life. However, the third, most recent SR, concluded that there is a lack of robust evidence for NPIs. LC fatigue management methods may be beneficial under certain conditions. One SR reported work capability as an outcome however they did not find any studies which evaluated the impact of interventions on return to work/ normal life. One primary study, on individuals with CFS, described a written self-management programme. Following this intervention there was an 18% increase in the number of patients in employment. Policy and practice implications: Long COVID is still being established as a post-viral condition with many symptoms. Patient-centred treatment options such as occupational therapy, self-management therapy and talking therapy may be considered in the same way as for other debilitating conditions. Return-to-work accommodations are needed for all workers unable to return to full-time employment. Due to the nature of the studies included, there was little reported evidence of effectiveness of getting individuals back into their normal activities.
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🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.24.23284947v1" target="_blank">What interventions or best practice are there to support people with Long COVID, or similar post-viral conditions or conditions characterised by fatigue, to return to normal activities: a rapid review</a>
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<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-clinical-trials">From Clinical Trials</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Evaluation of Corfluvec Vaccine for the Prevention of COVID-19 in Healthy Volunteers</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Biological: Corfluvec component 1 low dose;   Biological: Corfluvec component 2 low dose;   Biological: Corfluvec component 1 high dose;   Biological: Corfluvec component 2 high dose;   Biological: Corfluvec low dose;   Biological: Corfluvec high dose;   Biological: Placebo<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   Tatyana Zubkova;   MDP-CRO, LLC;   St. Petersburg State Pavlov Medical University<br/><b>Active, not recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>COVID-19 Self-testing Study</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Behavioral: SMARTest mobile app for COVID-19 self-testing<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Columbia University<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A Study of Efficacy and Safety of Azvudine vs. Nirmatrelvir-Ritonavir in the Treatment of COVID-19 Infection</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Drug: Azvudine;   Drug: Nirmatrelvir-Ritonavir<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   Shandong Provincial Hospital;   Central hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University;   The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University;   The Affiliated Hospital Of Southwest Medical University;   Gansu Provincial Hospital<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A Chatbot to Enhance COVID-19 Knowledge</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Device: chatbot;   Other: Printed educational booklet<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Sun Yat-sen University<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Tetrandrine Tablets Used in Hospitalized Adults With COVID-19</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Drug: Tetrandrine<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Peking University Third Hospital<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Low-Dose Radiation Therapy for Severe COVID-19 Pneumonia</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19 Pneumonia<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Radiation: Low-Dose Radiation Therapy<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   Jiangsu Cancer Institute &amp; Hospital;   Nanjing Chest Hospital;   The Affiliated BenQ Hospital of Nanjing Medical University;   Central South University;   Zhongda Hospital<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A Phase 2 Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of QLS1128 Orally in Symptomatic Participants With Mild to Moderate COVID-19</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Drug: QLS1128;   Drug: Placebo<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Qilu Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Oropharyngeal Immunoprophylaxis With High Polyphenolic Olive Oil as Clinical Spectrum Mitigating Factor in COVID-19.</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Dietary Supplement: High polyphenolic olive oil. (Early harvest olive oil).<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Hospital General Nuestra Señora del Prado<br/><b>Completed</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Efficacy of Megadose Vitamin C in Severe and Critical Ill COVID-19 Patients.</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>:   Vitamin C;   COVID-19 Pneumonia<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Drug: Vitamin C;   Drug: Placebo<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Zhujiang Hospital<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A Randomized, Phase I Study of DNA Vaccine OC-007 as a Booster Dose of COVID-19 Vaccine</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>:   COVID-19 Respiratory Infection;   COVID-19 Vaccine Adverse Reaction<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Biological: DNA vaccine OC-007;   Other: Placebo<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Matti Sällberg<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Multicenter Randomized Double-blind Placebo-controlled Study to Investigate Azvudine in Symptomatic Adults With COVID-19 at Increased Risk of Progressing to Severe Illness</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19 Respiratory Infection<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Drug: Azvudine;   Drug: Placebo<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Peking Union Medical College Hospital<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>UC-MSCs in the Treatment of Severe and Critical COVID-19 Patients With Refractory Hypoxia</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>:   Mesenchymal Stem Cell;   COVID-19 Pneumonia<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Biological: UC-MSCs treatment<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   Shanghai East Hospital;   Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Aerosolized Versus Intravenous Colistin-based Antimicrobial Regimens in Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients With Bacterial Coinfection: A Randomized Controlled Trial</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   Secondary Bacterial Infection in COVID-19 Patients<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Drug: Colistin<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Beni-Suef University<br/><b>Completed</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Safety and Efficacy of the Therapy With BREINMAX® for the Treatment of Patients With Asthenia After COVID-19</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>:   Asthenia;   COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Drug: Ethyl methyl hydroxypyridine succinate + Meldonium;   Drug: Placebo<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Promomed, LLC<br/><b>Completed</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Acupuncture as an Adjunctive Therapy for Covid-19 Omicron Randomised Controlled Trial in Patients With Moderate/Severe Pneumonia</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>:   Acupuncture;   Covid-19 Omicron;   Pulmonary Function<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Other: Acupuncture<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-pubmed">From PubMed</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>In silico identification of microRNAs targeting the PPARα/γ: promising therapeutics for SARS-CoV‑2 infection</strong> - The SARS-CoV-2 lifecycle is dependent on the host metabolism machinery. It upregulates the PPARα and PPARγ genes in lipid metabolism, which supports the essential viral replication complex including lipid rafts and palmitoylation of viral protein. The use of PPAR ligands in SARS-CoV-2 infection may have positive effects by preventing cytokine storm and the ensuing inflammatory cascade. The inhibition of PPARα and PPARγ genes may alter the metabolism and may disrupt the lifecycle of SARS-CoV-2…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Interleukin-18-primed human umbilical cord-mesenchymal stem cells achieve superior therapeutic efficacy for severe viral pneumonia via enhancing T-cell immunosuppression</strong> - Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) treatments are still urgently needed for critically and severely ill patients. Human umbilical cord-mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs) infusion has therapeutic benefits in COVID-19 patients; however, uncertain therapeutic efficacy has been reported in severe patients. In this study, we selected an appropriate cytokine, IL-18, based on the special cytokine expression profile in severe pneumonia of mice induced by H1N1virus to prime hUC-MSCs in vitro and improve…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Enzymatic approaches against SARS-CoV-2 infection with an emphasis on the telomere-associated enzymes</strong> - The pandemic phase of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) appears to be over in most countries. However, the unexpected behaviour and unstable nature of coronaviruses, including temporary hiatuses, re-emergence, emergence of new variants, and changing outbreak epicentres during the COVID-19 pandemic, have been frequently reported. The mentioned trend shows the fact that in addition to vaccine development, different strategies should be considered to deal effectively with this disease, in long…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>The role of the HLA allelic repertoire on the clinical severity of COVID-19 in Canadians, living in the Saskatchewan province</strong> - CONCLUSION: In this study, the HLA allelic repository with the distribution of deleterious and protective alleles was found to correlate with the severity of the clinical course in COVID-19. Moreover, the interaction of specific HLA alleles with the KIR-associated subfamily modulates the NK cell-mediated surveillance of SARS-CoV-2. Both deleterious HLA alleles and inhibitory KIR appear prominently in the severe COVID-19 group focusing on the importance of NK cells in the convalescence of…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Fine-scale variation in the effect of national border on COVID-19 spread: A case study of the Saxon-Czech border region</strong> - The global extent and temporally asynchronous pattern of COVID-19 spread have repeatedly highlighted the role of international borders in the fight against the pandemic. Additionally, the deluge of high resolution, spatially referenced epidemiological data generated by the pandemic provides new opportunities to study disease transmission at heretofore inaccessible scales. Existing studies of cross-border infection fluxes, for both COVID-19 and other diseases, have largely focused on…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Gaseous nitric oxide failed to inhibit the replication cycle of SARS-CoV-2 in vitro</strong> - Nitric oxide (NO) has been shown to have antimicrobial activity in vitro and in some in vivo models, while the virucidal activity of NO remains elusive. Some studies using NO donors have suggested that NO could be a potential candidate to treat SARS-CoV infection. The Covid-19 pandemic raised the hypothesis that NO gas might have an impact on Sars-CoV-2 replication cycle and might be considered as a candidate therapy to treat COVID-19. To our knowledge, there are no in vitro preclinical studies…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Reducing Vaccinia virus transmission indoors within 60 seconds: Applying SAFEAIR-X aerosol with Iodine-V as a disinfectant</strong> - Iodine-V ((C26H39N4O15)x * (I2)y) demonstrates an in vitro virucidal activity by deactivating SARS-CoV-2 viral titers. It combines elemental iodine (I2) and fulvic acid (C14H12O8), forming a clathrate compound. The antiviral properties of Iodine-V reduce viral load in the air to inhibit viral transmission indoors. This antiviral property was applied to form a disinfectant solution called SAFEAIR-X Aerosol. The current study evaluates the antiviral efficacy of Iodine-V in aerosol form in a…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Waning humoral and cellular immunity after COVID-19 vaccination in patients with psoriasis treated with methotrexate and biologics: a cohort study</strong> - CONCLUSIONS: Treatment with anti-TNF has an impact on the immunity elicited by mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccination in patients with psoriasis, resulting in a faster waning of humoral and cellular markers of immunity, however, the clinical implications are unknown.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Identification of niclosamide as a novel antiviral agent against porcine epidemic diarrhea virus infection by targeting viral internalization</strong> - Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), an enteropathogenic coronavirus, has catastrophic impacts on the global pig industry. However, there remain no effective drugs against PEDV infection. In this study, we utilized a recombinant PEDV expressing renilla luciferase (PEDV-Rluc) to screen potential anti-PEDV agents from an FDA-approved drug library in Vero cells. Four compounds were identified that significantly decreased luciferase activity of PEDV-Rluc. Among them, Niclosamide was further…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Hepatitis D virus interferes with hepatitis B virus RNA production via interferon-dependent and -independent mechanisms</strong> - CONCLUSIONS: Our data indicate that HDV interferes with HBV through both IFN-dependent and IFN-independent mechanisms. Specifically, we uncover a new viral interference mechanism in which proteins of a satellite virus affect RNA production of its helper virus. Exploiting these finding could pave the way to the development of new therapeutic strategies against HBV.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Two pan-SARS-CoV-2 nanobodies and their multivalent derivatives effectively prevent Omicron infections in mice</strong> - With the widespread vaccinations against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), we are witnessing gradually waning neutralizing antibodies and increasing cases of breakthrough infections, necessitating the development of drugs aside from vaccines, particularly ones that can be administered outside of hospitals. Here, we present two cross-reactive nanobodies (R14 and S43) and their multivalent derivatives, including decameric ones (fused to the immunoglobulin M [IgM] Fc) that maintain potent…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Thiopurine therapy in inflammatory bowel disease in the pandemic era: Safe or unsafe?</strong> - CONCLUSION: Emerging evidence suggests that TP therapy is safe during the current pandemic and does not carry an elevated risk when used as monotherapy on in combination with other IBD drugs. In-vitro studies demonstrate that TP is a potential therapeutic for present and future betacoronavirus pandemics.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Discovery, synthesis and mechanism study of 2,3,5-substituted [1,2,4]-thiadiazoles as covalent inhibitors targeting 3C-Like protease of SARS-CoV-2</strong> - The 3C-like protease (3CL^(pro)) is essential for the replication and transcription of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), making it a promising target for the treatment of corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In this study, a series of 2,3,5-substituted [1,2,4]-thiadiazole analogs were discovered to be able to inhibit 3CL^(pro) as non-peptidomimetic covalent binders at submicromolar levels, with IC(50) values ranging from 0.118 to 0.582 μM. Interestingly, these…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Exploration of Fuzheng Yugan Mixture on COVID-19 based on network pharmacology and molecular docking</strong> - After the World Health Organization declared coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), as a global pandemic, global health workers have been facing an unprecedented and severe challenge. Currently, a mixturetion to inhibit the exacerbation of pulmonary inflammation caused by COVID-19, Fuzheng Yugan Mixture (FZYGM), has been approved for medical institution mixturetion notification. However, the mechanism of FZYGM remains poorly defined. This study aimed to elucidate the molecular and related…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>N-Phenylpyridine-3-Carboxamide and 6-Acetyl-1H-Indazole Inhibit the RNA Replication Step of the Dengue Virus Life Cycle</strong> - Dengue virus (DENV) is a Flavivirus that causes the most prevalent arthropod-borne viral disease. Clinical manifestation of DENV infection ranges from asymptomatic to severe symptoms that can lead to death. Unfortunately, no antiviral treatments against DENV are currently available. In order to identify novel DENV inhibitors, we screened a library of 1,604 chemically diversified fragment-based compounds using DENV reporter viruses that allowed quantification of viral replication in infected…</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-patent-search">From Patent Search</h1>
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<h1 data-aos="fade-down" id="daily-dose">Daily-Dose</h1>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" data-aos-anchor-placement="top-bottom" id="contents">Contents</h1>
<ul>
<li><a href="#from-new-yorker">From New Yorker</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-vox">From Vox</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-the-hindu-sports">From The Hindu: Sports</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-the-hindu-national-news">From The Hindu: National News</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-bbc-europe">From BBC: Europe</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-ars-technica">From Ars Technica</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-jokes-subreddit">From Jokes Subreddit</a></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-new-yorker">From New Yorker</h1>
<ul>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>What Happened to the Washington Post?</strong> - After a decade of growth, the paper is laying off staff and was reportedly on track to lose money last year. Its publisher and C.E.O. says it’s all part of a bold strategy. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/annals-of-communications/what-happened-to-the-washington-post">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>The Democratic Party’s Political Gift to Ron DeSantis</strong> - Republicans’ sustained and successful courting of Latino voters in South Florida could be a road map for the G.O.P. in 2024. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/dispatch/the-democratic-partys-political-gift-to-ron-desantis">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Two Supreme Court Cases That Could Break the Internet</strong> - A cornerstone of life online has been that platforms are not responsible for content posted by users. What happens if that immunity goes away? - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/q-and-a/two-supreme-court-cases-that-could-break-the-internet">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>The Police Folklore That Helped Kill Tyre Nichols</strong> - A 1992 study claims that officers who show weakness are more likely to be killed. Law-enforcement culture has never recovered. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/daily-comment/the-police-folklore-that-helped-kill-tyre-nichols">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Israel’s Anti-Democratic Practices Against Palestinians Are Infecting Its Political System</strong> - Rising violence is drawing new attention to the alliance that Benjamin Netanyahu struck with the far right to return to power. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/daily-comment/deaths-in-jenin-and-east-jerusalem-draw-new-attention-to-netanyahu">link</a></p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-vox">From Vox</h1>
<ul>
<li><strong>Compost yourself</strong> -
<figure>
<img alt="Green Burial Gethsemane Cemetery" src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/lnpSEjyBZ3uzHDVLayNcYgkKu34=/228x0:4601x3280/1310x983/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_image/image/71917475/1315359987.0.jpg"/>
<figcaption>
Gethsemane Cemetery executive director Tim Kolasa points out a plot marker in the Section of St. Kateri Tekakwitha, the new natural burial section of the cemetery in Laureldale, Pennsylvania. | Lauren A. Little/MediaNews Group/Reading Eagle via Getty Images
</figcaption>
</figure>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Human composting, now legal in six states, is on the rise as an alternative to burial or cremation.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="uFNRPL">
If you’ve thought at all about what to do with your body after you die, it’s probably come down to one of three options: burial, cremation, or donating your remains to science. But there are a lot more options now, including ones you might not have thought of.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="kmoKJS">
In recent years, there has been a groundswell of interest in <a href="https://www.vox.com/the-highlight/2020/1/15/21059189/death-millennials-funeral-planning-cremation-green-positive">alternative options</a> for disposing of human remains, especially in methods that minimize death’s carbon footprint. After all, the cremation process <a href="https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/article/is-cremation-environmentally-friendly-heres-the-science">emits</a> hundreds of pounds of carbon dioxide, and the toxic chemicals used to embalm, bury, and cremate pollute the environment. Cost is also a factor, with traditional funerals costing $7,000 to $10,000 on average.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="PGe28U">
New York recently became the <a href="https://nymag.com/intelligencer/2023/01/new-yorkers-can-now-compost-themselves-after-they-die.html">sixth US state</a> to legalize natural organic reduction (NOR), a practice better known as <a href="https://www.theverge.com/c/23307867/human-composting-process-return-home">human composting</a>. The process involves putting the body in a reusable steel cylinder packed with biodegradable materials such as alfalfa, straw, and wood chips. The bacteria that already lives in the body will break down the remains in about a month, after which the bones are removed and ground down in a process similar to cremation. Another two to six weeks later, you’re left with several hundred pounds of soil that can be used for gardening or can be spread in designated memorial grounds or forest conservation areas. Five US-based companies have established NOR facilities so far.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="d1fDx3">
Another option that’s gaining interest is alkaline hydrolysis, or water cremation, in which bodies are dissolved in water. That option is legal in about two dozen states.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="ogVI0c">
Efforts to “personalize” death also include the rise of custom-made eco-friendly caskets, and home funerals in which families and loved ones can spend more time saying goodbye to the deceased.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="jnRELc">
While such practices are just beginning to gain traction, some of them mark a return to how bodies have been handled for most of human history.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="zVHb7E">
“I like to refer to green burial and natural organic reduction as neo-traditional,” said <a href="https://law.wfu.edu/faculty/profile/marshtd/">Tanya Marsh</a>, a professor of law at Wake Forest University School of Law and the author of <a href="https://www.lawyersandjudges.com/products/the-law-of-human-remains?variant=6027975619"><em>The Law of Human Remains</em></a>. “We’re not inventing some radical new way of disposing of human remains. We’re just basically going back to basics,” she said.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="vIKtKN">
Marsh is a legal advisor to <a href="https://recompose.life/">Recompose</a>, a Seattle-based green funeral home and the first in the US to offer human composting. She’s been closely watching the rapidly changing death care industry in the US, and spoke to <em>Today, Explained</em>’s Noel King about how funeral homes, cemeteries, and other businesses are struggling to keep up with changing attitudes and needs about what to do with our bodies after we die.
</p>
<div id="4xZyhQ">
</div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="evXQ3s">
Below is an excerpt of the conversation between Marsh and King, edited for length and clarity. There’s much more in the full podcast, so listen to<em> Today, Explained</em> wherever you get your podcasts, including <a href="https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/today-explained/id1346207297">Apple Podcasts</a>, <a href="https://open.spotify.com/show/3pXx5SXzXwJxnf4A5pWN2A">Spotify</a>, and <a href="https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/vox/today-explained">Stitcher</a>.
</p>
<hr class="p-entry-hr" id="o4mg8E"/>
<h4 id="KXJQKS">
Noel King
</h4>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="zPjlaf">
When did humans start getting more formal with how we dealt with bodies after we die?
</p>
<h4 id="QT6O4a">
Tanya Marsh
</h4>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="v2y9gf">
Every society and religion handles human remains in their own particular way that is formal and that they perceive to be respectful. And that’s one of the things that separates humans from other animals: We attach a lot of meaning to the disposition of human remains. But what one society or religious group views as respectful, another may view as extremely disrespectful. So there’s a lot of variety in the formality, but it is universal.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="2kM8Kt">
The prevailing norm in the United States for the 20th century was embalming; open-casket viewing of the body; a casketed burial in a vault or a grave liner. That really started, with all of those component parts, in the late 1800s. It was really the period between WWI and WWII, and certainly by WWII, that embalming became the norm for disposition in the United States.
</p>
<h4 id="mDbYAa">
Noel King
</h4>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="wmsR5v">
Prior to that, would it have just been, you go in the ground?
</p>
<h4 id="8XZkPu">
Tanya Marsh
</h4>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="rhG22I">
As long as we’ve had cities, there have been differences between disposition methods. In more densely populated areas, because people didn’t have space and they didn’t have as ready access to land, it would be more common earlier in US history to have employed an outside person to help with preparing the body for disposition and maybe even transporting the body to the cemetery. In rural areas, families tended to do it all themselves. Before we had funeral directors, undertakers typically made caskets and they provided transportation to the cemeteries, and in a lot of small towns they also sold furniture.
</p>
<h4 id="s2KLfH">
Noel King
</h4>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="wGbHot">
Oh, that’s so interesting. And actually, it makes complete sense.<strong> </strong>Now, in 2023, I would say I know a fair number of people who have been cremated or who would like to be cremated. When did that become more popular?
</p>
<h4 id="xJnaw5">
<strong>Tanya Marsh</strong>
</h4>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="jv6bq6">
The rising popularity of cremation has been absolutely phenomenal. It was legalized in the United States, starting in the late 1800s. In 1980, we were still right on the verge of double digits, from upper 9 percent to 10 percent. But in 2021, which is the most recent number for which we have statistics, the cremation rate was 57.5 percent. So between 1980 and 2021, it went from 10 percent to almost 60 percent. That’s just a meteoric rise in a very short period of time.
</p>
<h4 id="moV0tu">
Noel King<strong> </strong>
</h4>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="YGduMF">
Why did that happen?
</p>
<h4 id="8iju5D">
Tanya Marsh
</h4>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="BmXm5u">
First of all, cost. Cremation can be much less expensive than the full casketed funeral and burial. The second reason is flexibility. If I’m going to put a body in a grave, I have to pick a cemetery and I have to make that decision very quickly around the time of death. But if my body’s going to be cremated, I can decide later how I want those remains to be divided among family members or scattered in different, meaningful places. And the final reason is that we have a much more mobile society, and so with a diminished connection to a particular place, do you want to leave your body in a cemetery where nobody’s ever going to visit, or would you rather have your remains scattered in places that were meaningful to you?
</p>
<h4 id="BVirxd">
Noel King<strong> </strong>
</h4>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="gjyJFi">
Are there other practices that are growing in popularity that you think are interesting?
</p>
<h4 id="N7GMxd">
Tanya Marsh<strong> </strong>
</h4>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="IKoPYv">
Natural organic reduction is definitely the one that has risen in popularity the most quickly in recent years. The other one that’s emerging is called alkaline hydrolysis or water cremation. It’s a way of reducing the human body to a substance that’s similar to cremated remains, in a process that involves water and a base solution. It is perceived as more environmentally friendly than cremation. It consumes less energy. It costs about the same. It’s been legalized in about half the states but hasn’t really taken off in terms of popularity. We don’t have great numbers for it, but it’s not crowding out cremation, by any sense.
</p>
<h4 id="Bx9CSx">
Noel King
</h4>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="cn2usd">
I was surprised to see New York State has legalized human composting because, I guess, as an American, I always think we can do whatever we want, right? But no, this did have to be made legal.
</p>
<h4 id="IlF3lR">
Tanya Marsh
</h4>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="2tfPCh">
This is all state law. It’s not federal law. And so each state defines by statute which methods of disposition are legal in that state. So, back in the late 1800s, they had to go state by state to get cremation legalized, and now they’re having to go state by state to get NOR and alkaline hydrolysis legalized. The states regulate the methods of disposition, and then they also regulate who can practice funeral services. By restricting the group of folks who can practice in this area, that’s another way of limiting innovation.
</p>
<h4 id="k5hoh6">
Noel King<strong> </strong>
</h4>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="ke9IaO">
How are cemeteries and funeral homes adapting to the fact that customers now want something different?
</p>
<h4 id="7q6H8o">
Tanya Marsh<strong> </strong>
</h4>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="D6cet4">
Funeral homes and cemeteries are adapting in different ways. You’re going to see a lot of small funeral homes closing, especially in more rural areas, because the economics just don’t fundamentally work. You’re seeing more consolidation, more economies of scale in more urban areas. You have a couple national publicly traded companies in this area. You also have some privately held aggregators that own a number of funeral homes. They can compete better, even with falling margins, as people spend less on funerals and choose less expensive alternatives. Cemeteries were all built at a time when you had nearly 100 percent of deaths resulting in burial. And now we’ve got about 40 percent of deaths resulting in burial. Those economics are fundamentally skewed. So you’re going to see a lot of abandoned cemeteries and cemeteries having to put up cell phone towers or invite people in for using it as green space or becoming members or friends of the cemetery. For some cemeteries in urban areas that’ll work, and for some cemeteries it just won’t.
</p>
<h4 id="bu0Kl8">
Noel King<strong> </strong>
</h4>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="qmFjlo">
So when a cemetery goes bankrupt, it’s either, go to the public, or find some way of getting money, or just cease to exist.
</p>
<h4 id="ZbKqwv">
Tanya Marsh
</h4>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="gRc3TC">
Right. But unlike other types of real estate, a cemetery can’t be redeveloped. It’s not a shopping mall that can be torn down. So for most abandoned cemeteries, the folks who are running it or owned it, they’d just walk away. And then it’s either left to get overgrown and become a nuisance for the area or the state is going to come in and take over maintenance obligations. We haven’t really had a conversation that I think we need to have with the states. They’re going to start needing to think about how to step up and provide some financing to take care of some of these cemeteries. This is a big land use in the United States. There’s a lot of cemeteries. And for the health of our communities, we need that space to be taken care of.
</p>
<h4 id="GLe9XU">
Noel King
</h4>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="XFLWer">
I’m from a rural area, and all of what you’re saying tracks for me for rural cemeteries. I feel like once or twice a year I come across a story about a cemetery in a big city that is just too full. What are the options there? Is it to somehow pack more people in or say, look, this cemetery is closed?
</p>
<h4 id="ow41Qa">
Tanya Marsh
</h4>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="6Ds9OO">
We have a lot of closed cemeteries. There are cities in this country where you’re not legally allowed to bury another body. In fact, New York City started closing down cemeteries in the early 1800s. So that’s definitely an option on the table. But most of the large urban cemeteries that are still open are trying to find less land-intensive ways of disposing of bodies. So maybe we don’t have room for single graves anymore. But could you stack graves? Could you build a multi-story mausoleum or columbarium? Could you create scattering gardens? There are some urban cemeteries that are really interested in grave recycling, which is something that’s routinely practiced in Europe, and we just don’t have much of a tradition of here. So you might rent a grave for 50 or 75 years, and then when your lease is up, whatever is left is going to be put in a communal part of the cemetery, and then that grave can be released to someone else.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="89XJ68">
Industry professionals — conservative, entrenched, traditional cemeterians — are asking me about the chances for legalizing grave recycling. I think there’s a lot of interest there. So I do think we’re going to see grave recycling within the next 10 years. It’s just really exciting. This is the most fundamental change in death care and disposition practices in a thousand years.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="xDtZB9">
I think that we’re entering an era where a lot of funeral directors are in their 60s. They’re going to retire. They’re not going to be replaced by members of their family. You’ve got consumers demanding a lot of change. The laws are an immovable object and changing consumer demand is an irresistible force. So I think we are going to see a lot of messy change in the next 10 years.
</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Trump struggles to define himself at his first public campaign stop</strong> -
<figure>
<img alt="In a navy suit, white shirt, and red tie, Trump speaks emphatically into a microphone behind a podium bearing his last name. Sen. Lindsey Graham, Gov. Henry McMaster, and other South Carolina politicians applaud behind him." src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/9-RaEJdPZXsUHlwvTqDK4gLMQok=/0x0:5333x4000/1310x983/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_image/image/71916849/GettyImages_1460354312.0.jpg"/>
<figcaption>
Former President Donald Trump speaks at a January 28 campaign event in Columbia, South Carolina. | Win McNamee/Getty Images
</figcaption>
</figure>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Trump tried cast himself as both a great Republican leader and the ultimate outsider.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Y9qdmE">
COLUMBIA, South Carolina — The South Carolina statehouse’s second floor is a study in profound historical contradictions. A full plaque engraved with the state’s resolution seceding from the Union in 1860 faces a portrait of Mary McLeod Bethune. A statue of John C. Calhoun stands feet away from where Nikki Haley announced that Tim Scott would be the first Black senator since Reconstruction and where she, years later, finally removed the Confederate flag from the state capitol grounds.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="aD8Nyi">
It’s also the place where Donald Trump tried to brand himself as both an incumbent and an insurgent while being neither.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="XP7Azx">
In the first public event since he announced his 2024 presidential campaign, the former president struggled to achieve the synthesis of the anti-establishment impulses that helped him capture the presidency in 2016 or the air of total control and inevitability that led him to avoid any serious primary challenge in 2020 despite colossal midterm losses — and the first of what would be two impeachments.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="m6CB6k">
Introducing Trump, first-term Rep. Russell Fry declared, “Never before in the history of the South Carolina primary has a presidential candidate received this much support this early in the day.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="IdmVds">
More than a year before the primary, Trump unveiled the backing of the state’s governor, lieutenant governor, senior senator, and three of its six Republican members of Congress. It would be an astonishing lineup of endorsements for an insurgent candidate. When Trump was endorsed by then-Lt. Gov. Henry McMaster in 2016, that alone made national headlines. But Trump is no longer a political outsider: He is a former president. If he went to any state before his 2020 reelection bid where half of the congressional delegation didn’t show up, he would be viewed as weak.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="papxeo">
The question is how to interpret just what the former president’s political strength is right now. No defeated former president has mounted a comeback bid since Grover Cleveland, who was controversial for his support for lower tariffs as opposed to, say, inspiring an attack on the US Capitol in an effort to overturn a presidential election. Other Republicans, of course, see Trump as vulnerable. It was pointed how he appeared in a space with such political significance to potential rivals like Nikki Haley or Tim Scott and while other potential rivals like Ron DeSantis sniff around.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Uxyzmi">
Joe Wilson, a longtime Republican Congress member in the state, told Vox that Trump was “much stronger” than he was in 2016 when he faced his last competitive primary election in the Palmetto State. Wilson, who was supporting Trump, thought that the former president had “a real leg up” based on his record in the White House and cited what “he did for our country for jobs, for economic development, for national security, for the military, to the courts.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="3y1EuW">
The challenge is whether Trump can recapture the magic that helped propel his unprecedented 2016 presidential campaign this time around. His speech was a familiar mix of bellicose rhetoric off a teleprompter and an array of Trumpian riffs where he informed attendees about topics like the Taliban’s treatment of dogs and the fact that he, a millionaire real estate developer, is not much of a cook.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="6tczIa">
It also laid bare the contradictions facing his campaign. He started off with a denunciation of “RINOs” while standing next to Sen. Lindsey Graham, a comparative moderate in the modern Republican Party — the sort of Republican Trumps needs to win the nomination again. Graham was later heckled by the crowd because he did not accept Trump’s false claims about the 2020 elections. Trump went on to denounce electric cars next to McMaster, who has pushed for South Carolina’s automotive industry to become a center of EV manufacturing.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="B53AY5">
Earlier in the day, Trump spoke at the New Hampshire state GOP convention. There, the former president tried to reinforce his commitment to the race after not campaigning publicly for months, telling the crowd, “I’m more angry now and I’m more committed now than I ever was,” in the course of a Trump stemwinder of the type the former president often delivered in 2016.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="HSxXOy">
The question is just how committed he will be in the course of the nearly two years remaining in the 2024 campaign. The former president is no longer the television personality who can lob bombs freely at all comers ranging from elected officials to Rosie O’Donnell based on his moods and the promise that his much-touted real estate expertise can solve all problems.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="nuSokY">
But he also isn’t the all-powerful president of the United States with all the resources that provides. Trump is caught in a middle ground without any measuring stick to gauge how he’s doing or precedent to put him in perspective. Instead, he has to navigate a maze of contradictions where it’s hard to tell just what Trump is or how he fits in — save, of course, the fact that no one is confusing him with Grover Cleveland.
</p></li>
<li><strong>The fatal beating of Tyre Nichols, explained</strong> -
<figure>
<img alt="A huddled group of mostly Black faces, some partially hidden by hats and scarves, are lit by candlelight. The Black woman at the center of the photo holds a candle near her face, which seems drawn with grief. The expressions on the faces surrounding her, seen dimly though the gloom, match hers." src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/P9CJ6hysQpl6OWA0d3dtGy-OOXo=/306x0:5197x3668/1310x983/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_image/image/71913296/1459866497.0.jpg"/>
<figcaption>
People attend a candlelight vigil in memory of Tyre Nichols at the Tobey Skate Park on January 26, 2023, in Memphis, Tennessee. | Scott Olson/Getty Images
</figcaption>
</figure>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Five Memphis police officers are facing murder charges over Nichols’s death.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="FejWAd">
Tyre Nichols, a 29-year-old Black man, died earlier this month after he was pulled over by Memphis police who <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2023/01/26/us/tyre-nichols-timeline.html">violently beat him for three minutes</a>, an <a href="https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2023/1/28/23573241/tyre-nichols-death-police-brutality-video-release">incident</a> shown in <a href="https://twitter.com/CityofMem_Media/status/1619123186502889472?s=20&amp;t=d9wkMkLueiRFmttLn7Cyhg">footage that was released Friday</a>.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="3PPYt7">
Lawyers for the Nichols family said in a press conference Monday that Nichols had been treated like a “<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o-JExNfIDlQ">human piñata</a>.” Memphis Police Chief Cerelyn Davis said in a video statement Thursday that the attack was “<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jpD2FDjBBr8&amp;t=5s">heinous, reckless, and inhumane</a>.” Protests, most of them peaceful, sprang up across the country on Friday after the city of Memphis released video footage of Nichols’s brutal assault.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="gdxb5h">
Five Black officers for the Memphis Police Department — Tadarrius Bean, Demetrius Haley, Emmitt Martin III, Desmond Mills Jr., and Justin Smith — were fired after an internal departmental investigation found them to be “<a href="https://nypost.com/2023/01/26/police-chief-warns-memphis-not-to-react-violently-after-release-of-tyre-nichols-video/">directly responsible</a>” for the beating. They also were found to have violated departmental policies regarding excessive force, duty to intervene, and duty to render aid.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="yHpa5k">
Shelby County District Attorney Steve Mulroy <a href="https://www.cnn.com/2023/01/26/us/tyre-nichols-memphis-thursday/index.html">announced</a> Thursday that each would face charges of “second-degree murder, aggravated assault, two charges of aggravated kidnapping, two charges of official misconduct, and one charge of official oppression.” They could each face <a href="https://www.cnn.com/2023/01/26/us/tyre-nichols-memphis-thursday/index.html">up to 60 years in prison</a> for the murder charges alone.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="YUb8gN">
Two Memphis Fire Department workers who were involved in Nichols’s initial care have been “<a href="https://www.npr.org/2023/01/24/1151150396/tyre-nichols-memphis-fire-department-employees">relieved of duty</a>,” according to the department. It’s not clear whether they could also face charges.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="nfac4f">
The US attorney for the Western District of Tennessee also <a href="https://www.justice.gov/usao-wdtn/pr/statement-united-states-attorney-kevin-g-ritz-0">announced</a> that there is an open civil rights investigation into Nichols’s death, which could result in federal criminal charges.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="J0CkLI">
Police stopped Nichols for reckless driving on January 7. Memphis’s police chief later told <a href="https://twitter.com/CNNThisMorning/status/1618952068793868289">CNN</a> that investigators have “been unable to substantiate” the claim that Nichols was driving recklessly, however. Nichols expressed confusion about the stop, saying in the footage that he was “just trying to go home.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="3KIPJ5">
The officers who initially stopped him responded by threatening to “knock your ass the fuck out,” and to break his bones. Nichols fled from the stop; once he was caught, those threats were carried out. Officers encircled Nichols, and repeatedly punched, kicked, and hit him with a baton — sometimes while he was restrained on the ground.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="EXLdwn">
He was taken to a hospital after his arrest, where he<strong> </strong><a href="https://www.cnn.com/2023/01/26/us/what-we-know-tyre-nichols-death/index.html">died three days later of injuries</a> sustained in the beating.
</p>
<h3 id="WP0YFJ">
Memphis’s special police unit turns deadly
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="4Z1q1o">
It’s not the first time that police have turned <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2021/10/31/us/police-traffic-stops-killings.html">a traffic stop into a deadly altercation</a>. Deaths like Nichols’s are all too common, especially for Black Americans, who nearly every available study shows are <a href="https://openpolicing.stanford.edu/findings/">stopped more often than white Americans</a>.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="ZP9h4o">
As Lauren Bonds, the executive director of the National Police Accountability Project, told Vox in an interview Friday, “so many of the high-profile police killings that we’ve seen in recent years have started out as a traffic stop — started out as an expired tag, reckless driving, fines or warrants due.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="jUajsI">
“One thing I’d say about the murder of Tyre in particular is that these officers were all part of a specific unit that was essentially designed to engage in, more or less, broken-windows policing, enforcing low-level offenses in order to identify higher-level crimes,” Bonds said.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="WtCulf">
The unit that Bonds referred to is called SCORPION, or the Street Crimes Operation to Restore Peace in Our Neighborhoods; it was founded in 2021, ostensibly to <a href="https://www.cbsnews.com/news/tyre-nichols-former-memphis-police-officer-scorpion-unit/">address violent street crime in Memphis</a> by flooding high-crime areas with officers from the hand-picked special unit. In 2021, according to the <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2022/09/08/us/memphis-shooting-gun-violence.html">New York Times</a>, Memphis had 346 homicides; in September, the city was on edge after a teacher was abducted and murdered, and days later a gunman shot and killed four people.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="GHyhzp">
Officers from the SCORPION Unit — 40 in total, according to <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/nation/2023/01/27/scorpion-tyre-nichols-memphis-death/">the Washington Post</a> — were trained to use routine traffic stops as opportunities to find and arrest people for more serious offenses.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="FsdSEE">
Ben Crump, an attorney for Nichols’s family, indicated the unit has had previous issues with excessive use of force. “We believe that this was a pattern and practice and that Tyre is dead because this pattern and practice went unchecked,” Crump said, <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/nation/2023/01/27/scorpion-tyre-nichols-memphis-death/">according to the Washington Post</a>.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="D3PXGL">
On Saturday, the Memphis Police Department <a href="https://twitter.com/mem_policedept/status/1619446919683796992">announced</a> that it had disbanded its SCORPION unit, which had <a href="https://content.govdelivery.com/accounts/TNMEMPHIS/bulletins/3455dba">previously been suspended</a> after Nichols was beaten by officers in the unit.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="sX8Zhj">
The fact that both Nichols and the officers accused of his murder are Black isn’t unusual, <a href="https://www.latimes.com/world-nation/story/2023-01-27/tyre-nichols-memphis-police-race#:~:text=In%20the%20Memphis%20Police%20Department,2%20percentage%20points%20since%202021">either in Memphis</a> or in other incidents of police brutality. Memphis is “a pretty Black city,” Bonds said; both the city and <a href="https://www.latimes.com/world-nation/story/2023-01-27/tyre-nichols-memphis-police-race">its police department</a> are majority Black, and the department is led by a Black chief of police.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="QjFnXu">
Ultimately, Bonds said, the race of those carrying out the violence is incidental.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="OeHAlW">
“It’s systemic, and it’s ultimately state violence, which doesn’t really have a color except for the color of the people who are in power in this country,” she said. “So to say that there are no racial implications because there’s a Black victim and Black officers involved is a really myopic way of looking at the problem.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="mmCBZT">
Comprehensive data on police brutality is lacking, particularly when it comes to looking at violence other than shootings and information broken out by race, William Sousa, a professor of criminal justice at the University of Nevada, Las Vegas, <a href="https://www.latimes.com/world-nation/story/2023-01-27/tyre-nichols-memphis-police-race">told the Los Angeles Times</a>. But available information indicates <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/graphics/investigations/police-shootings-database/">there hasn’t been meaningful change</a> in police violence since <a href="https://www.themarshallproject.org/2022/08/06/how-policing-has-and-hasn-t-changed-since-george-floyd">the murder of George Floyd</a> by former Minneapolis police officer Derek Chauvin in 2020.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="yCTzoB">
Still, Bonds noted, prosecutors are more likely to bring cases against police officers involved in civilian killings since Floyd’s murder, which sparked a <a href="https://www.vox.com/identities/2020/6/4/21276674/protests-george-floyd-arbery-nationwide-trump">national protest movement</a>, and there have been recent high-profile convictions, like <a href="https://www.vox.com/2021/4/20/22387556/derek-chauvin-verdict-guilty-murder-manslaughter">Chauvin’s</a>.
</p>
<h3 id="7lMWwD">
Why traffic stops can be dangerous for Black Americans
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="clvOob">
Black Americans are often taught — at home, through personal experience, and by the news — to see encounters with police, particularly traffic stops, as dangerous, if not potentially fatal.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="rGkjVz">
The deaths of Americans like Nichols, or <a href="https://www.vox.com/2021/4/12/22379984/daunte-wright-minnesota-police-killing-traffic-stop-brooklyn-center">Daunte Wright</a>, Sandra Bland, and <a href="https://www.vox.com/2020/6/13/21290334/atlanta-police-shooting-wendys-video">Rayshard Brooks</a>, validate that teaching. But it’s not just Black civilians who learn to fear traffic stops. As University of Arizona law professor Jordan Blair Woods wrote for the <a href="https://michiganlawreview.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/117MichLRev635_Woods.pdf">Michigan Law Review</a>, police are taught to view stops as dangerous as well — not for those they’re stopping, but for themselves and their colleagues.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="arCfQm">
“Police academies regularly show officer trainees videos of the most extreme cases of violence against officers during routine traffic stops in order to stress that mundane police work can quickly turn into a deadly situation if they become complacent on the scene or hesitate to use force,” Woods wrote.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="x7H7QQ">
That training belies the fact that police officers are rarely injured in traffic stops. In Woods’s analysis of Florida traffic stop data from 2005 to 2014, the professor finds police had a 1 in 6.5 million chance of being killed during a traffic stop, and a 1 in 361,111 chance of being seriously injured. Overall, more than 98 percent of stops saw zero or minor injury to officers.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="5va8Tt">
Data in other states mirrors Woods’s findings. In their <a href="https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&amp;lr=&amp;id=jPpTDwAAQBAJ&amp;oi=fnd&amp;pg=PA24&amp;dq=police+traffic+stop+injury&amp;ots=TU0nqv7B72&amp;sig=cu1ChcCCLQraJYBCb-Fwfre2Zrs#v=onepage&amp;q=police%20traffic%20stop%20injury&amp;f=false">book <em>Suspect Citizens</em></a>, UNC political science professor Frank Baumgartner, University of Texas government professor Derek A. Epp, and University of South Carolina political science professor Kelsey Shoub found that North Carolina “officers encountered violence about 24,000 times, or just over once per 1,000 stops.” When someone was injured at a stop, it was usually the person being stopped, the authors found.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Yrg4gT">
Complicating matters for Black individuals is that the data suggests they’re <a href="https://scholarship.law.duke.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?referer=&amp;httpsredir=1&amp;article=1065&amp;context=dflsc">stopped more often</a> than white people — in some localities, by a large margin. The <a href="https://openpolicing.stanford.edu/findings/">Stanford Open Policing Project</a>, a database of more than 200 million traffic stops, found that in St. Paul, Black drivers are a little over three times more likely than white drivers to be pulled over; in San Jose, California, Black drivers are six times more likely to be stopped.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="V6v5Wd">
Arguably, drivers of all races ought to be stopped at about the same rate — anyone of any race or gender could engage in the reckless driving Nichols was allegedly stopped for. This has led to a number of researchers trying to understand the disparity in who is stopped. In general, their results suggest that the issue has to do with officer bias, conscious or unconscious, that casts Black people as inherently more dangerous than their white counterparts.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="uI1SGI">
Tied to this idea is the question of what stops are for. As a group of University of North Carolina Chapel Hill and Dartmouth College researchers led by Baumgartner wrote in a <a href="https://scholarship.law.duke.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?referer=&amp;httpsredir=1&amp;article=1065&amp;context=dflsc">2017 paper</a>, in many departments, traffic stops are meant to serve a dual purpose: to deter illegal behavior and as a chance for officers to investigative past or potential crimes. In many ways, this system is akin to stop-and-frisk, a practice <a href="https://www.vox.com/first-person/2020/2/14/21136892/stop-and-frisk-bloomberg-activist">most prominently used in New York City</a> that was meant to uncover criminal behavior through street searches. The program was ruled unconstitutional.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="7RBg37">
As Baumgartner wrote, “officers are trained to use traffic stops as a general enforcement strategy aimed at reducing violent crime or drug trafficking. When officers are serving these broader goals, they are making an investigatory stop, and these stops have little (if anything) to do with traffic safety and everything to do with who looks suspicious.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="8zZBQv">
If Black drivers are seen as more suspicious and police are trained to view traffic stops as dangerous in general, this creates a serious problem. When a Black driver is stopped, the interaction is more likely to begin with the officer even more on guard for trouble than they might otherwise be.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="SqLAQg">
This can lead to the kind of rapid escalation seen in Nichols’s case, in which officers ended the stop through violence. Some officers favor beginning with violence, perhaps out of fear, like during the encounter that ended George Floyd’s life. Body camera footage released during Chauvin’s trial, for example, shows an officer drawing his weapon shortly after approaching Floyd’s vehicle and yelling at him to “Put your fucking hands up right now.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="0jZgYj">
These tactics, as well as the fear and bias that fuel them, put Black drivers in mortal danger. Law enforcement representatives have argued the stops are necessary — “we find drugs, evidence of other crimes … it’s a very valuable tool,” Kevin Lawrence, the Texas Municipal Police Association’s executive director, told the <a href="https://www.pewtrusts.org/en/research-and-analysis/blogs/stateline/2020/09/03/police-pretext-traffic-stops-need-to-end-some-lawmakers-say">Pew Charitable Trusts</a> in 2020 — but those discoveries are rare. Nationally, about 4 percent of stops resulted in searches or arrests in 2015, according to the <a href="https://www.bjs.gov/content/pub/pdf/cpp15.pdf">Bureau of Justice Statistics</a>.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="LrTsJz">
This has a number of activists and elected officials questioning whether the risks traffic stops pose to drivers — particularly Black drivers — are worth such a small number of arrests.
</p>
<h3 id="8apPfi">
Is there hope for meaningful change?
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="DtsMMH">
Politicians both on the national and local levels have expressed sadness and outrage over Nichols’s death. <a href="https://twitter.com/elaserdavies/status/1619063942705455104?s=46&amp;t=sI3kW-ANzi23z8J0vQsqng">President Joe Biden</a> called Nichols’s mother, RowVaughn Wells, and his stepfather, Rodney Wells, on Friday to express his condolences, and Vice President Kamala Harris <a href="https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2023/01/27/statement-from-vice-president-harris-on-tyre-nichols/">urged Congress in a statement</a> to “act with urgency and pass the George Floyd Justice in Policing Act. To truly honor Tyre Nichols’s memory, and the memory of so many others before him, we must demand that our justice system lives up to its name.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="wXuwbY">
A version of the <a href="https://www.vox.com/2021/3/3/22295856/george-floyd-justice-in-policing-act-2021-passed-house">George Floyd Justice in Policing Act</a> passed the House in 2021 before dying in the Senate; the bill would have ended <a href="https://www.vox.com/2020/6/3/21277104/end-qualified-immunity-police-definition-george-floyd">qualified immunity</a> for police officers, among a raft of other reforms.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="CtuhOU">
Crump, one of the attorneys for Nichols’s family, <a href="https://www.localmemphis.com/article/news/crime/attorney-tyre-nichols-end-to-memphis-police-scorpion-squads/522-965e1dea-5f67-49e6-9b81-206e86dbb5b2">put out a statement</a> Wednesday calling for better data on police use of force in SCORPION and similar special units, insisting on “reform, transparency, and better oversight of these ‘saturation’ units, or for their removal as a tactic in American policing.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="fio4h1">
He also called for the introduction of “Tyre’s Law,” which would create a “duty to intervene” for police who <a href="https://twitter.com/MSNBC/status/1619051122307567629?s=20&amp;t=XboPcpIB9TAIPranRhhtnw">witness crimes being committed</a>.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="nmOQl1">
Some police departments have also taken steps to address inequitable and sometimes deadly traffic stops. <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2021/02/24/us/berkeley-police.html">Berkeley</a>, California, for instance, approved a plan in 2021 to prohibit officers from conducting traffic stops for violations that have nothing to do with safety; <a href="https://www.sfchronicle.com/bayarea/article/To-curb-racial-bias-Oakland-police-are-pulling-14839567.php">Oakland</a> has a similar policy in place. <a href="https://theappeal.org/traffic-enforcement-without-police/">Other places</a>, including <a href="https://wtop.com/montgomery-county/2023/01/montgomery-co-police-commission-to-hold-hearing-on-traffic-enforcement/">Montgomery County, Maryland</a>, and <a href="https://www.pewtrusts.org/en/research-and-analysis/blogs/stateline/2020/09/03/police-pretext-traffic-stops-need-to-end-some-lawmakers-say">Cambridge, Massachusetts</a>, have contemplated such measures as well. <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/transportation/2019/10/01/bowser-does-an-end-run-around-dc-council-transfers-speed-red-light-camera-program-ddot/">Washington, DC</a>, stripped its police department of some of its authority to regulate traffic laws in 2019, empowering its transportation department to do enforcement instead. <a href="https://apnews.com/article/bronx-arrests-traffic-archive-new-york-c93fa5fc03f25c2b625d36e4c75d1691">New York’s attorney general</a> has recommended New York City make a similar change, and in 2022, <a href="https://www.police1.com/traffic-patrol/articles/nypd-no-longer-permitted-to-prolong-traffic-stops-to-check-for-warrants-3hauyE9SLWyQP77n/">New York City police</a> announced they’d no longer use stops to randomly check for open warrants.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="r2ilaZ">
The long-term effectiveness of such measures remains to be seen. But they represent a small step away from the kind of policing that left Nichols, and so many before him, dead.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="gXeAWq">
<em><strong>Update, January 28, 5:20 pm ET:</strong></em> <em>This story was originally published on January 27 and has been updated with additional context from released video footage and the death of Tyre Nichols.</em>
</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-the-hindu-sports">From The Hindu: Sports</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Fighton and Zukor catch the eye</strong> -</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Fire Power, Crown Consort and Touch Of Grey excel</strong> -</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>La Liga 2022/23 | Pedri leads win at Girona in 100th game for Barcelona</strong> - Pedri started on the bench as Xavi rotated his lineup ahead of a week with games against Real Betis and Sevilla</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Djokovic beats Tsitsipas to win 10th Australian Open, 22nd Grand Slam</strong> - In addition to the championship, Novak Djokovic claimed the No. 1 spot in the ATP rankings</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Australia in India | Peter Handscomb in reckoning for Nagpur Test</strong> - If Cameron Green does not recover from a fractured fingure in time for the series opener from February 9, Handscomb could make a return to the Australian Test side</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-the-hindu-national-news">From The Hindu: National News</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Call to stage black badge protest</strong> -</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Bharat Jodo Yatra spread message of love across the country: Priyanka Gandhi Vadra</strong> - Rahul Gandhi unfurled the national flag at the historic clock tower of Lal Chowk in the heart of Srinagar as part of the Kanyakumari to Kashmir ‘Bharat Jodo Yatra’</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Woman, children found dead in Thrissur</strong> - Charred remains of their bodies found on the balcony of their house</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Fans demand Karnataka Ratna for Vishnuvardhan, CM Bommai assures positive action</strong> - The chief minister’s speech was continuously interrupted by fans who raised placards in support of their demand</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>CM Bommai inaugurates memorial for actor Vishnuvardhan on Mysuru outskirts</strong> -</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-bbc-europe">From BBC: Europe</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Petr Pavel: Ex-general beats populist rival in Czech election</strong> - Defeated former PM Andrej Babis conceded to retired Nato general Petr Pavel on Saturday afternoon.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>How tanks from Germany, US and UK could change the Ukraine war</strong> - German Leopard 2 tanks and US M1 Abrams tanks will spearhead attacks on Russia - but is it enough?</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Ukraine war: Auschwitz anniversary marked without Russia</strong> - Moscow accuses Poland of attempting to “rewrite history” after it is not invited to the event.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Ukraine war: UN accuses Russia of breaking child protection rules over refugees</strong> - Moscow is accused of giving refugees Russian passports and allowing them to be adopted.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Andrew Tate: Judge explains extended detention of ‘dangerous’ influencer</strong> - The statement is the clearest indication yet of the evidence against the British-American influencer.</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-ars-technica">From Ars Technica</h1>
<ul>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>The flight tracker that powered <span class="citation" data-cites="ElonJet">@ElonJet</span> has taken a left turn</strong> - ADS-B Exchange is now owned by private equity—and now even its biggest fans are bailing. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1913176">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>The weekend’s best deals: Apple computers, Kindles, 4K TVs, charging cables, and more.</strong> - Dealmaster also has iPads, storage solutions, and computer components and peripherals. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1913220">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Most criminal cryptocurrency is funneled through just 5 exchanges</strong> - A few big players are moving a “shocking” amount of currency in a tight market. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1913170">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Annual? Bivalent? For all? Future of COVID shots murky after FDA deliberations</strong> - FDA seems sold on annual shots, but advisors call for a lot more data. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1913210">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>D&amp;D maker retreats from attempts to update longstanding “open” license</strong> - Negative response to latest draft was “in such high volume” as to force WotC’s hand. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1913223">link</a></p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-jokes-subreddit">From Jokes Subreddit</h1>
<ul>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>This man went out with the boys, and told his wife that he would be home by midnight.</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF --></p>
<div class="md">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
At around 3 AM, drunk as a skunk, he headed for home. Just as he got in the door, the cuckoo clock in the hall started up and cuckooed 3 times. Quickly he realized she’d probably wake up so he cuckooed another 9 times. He was really proud of himself, having a quick, witty solution, even when smashed, to escape possible conflict. Next morning, his wife asked him what time he got in, and he told her 12 o’clock. She didn’t seem disturbed at all. Then she told him that they needed a new cuckoo clock. When he asked her why, she said "Well it cuckooed 3 times, then said ‘oh fuck’, cuckooed 4 more times, cleared its throat, cuckooed another 3, giggled, cuckooed 2 more times and farted.
</p>
</div>
<!-- SC_ON -->
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/Jackrwood"> /u/Jackrwood </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/10o05d2/this_man_went_out_with_the_boys_and_told_his_wife/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/10o05d2/this_man_went_out_with_the_boys_and_told_his_wife/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Wayne Gretzky is going down on his wife, she cums all over his face and says messy eh?</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF --></p>
<div class="md">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
He looks up at her and says loudly no it’s me Wayne.
</p>
</div>
<!-- SC_ON -->
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/Soleserious"> /u/Soleserious </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/10nx7yc/wayne_gretzky_is_going_down_on_his_wife_she_cums/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/10nx7yc/wayne_gretzky_is_going_down_on_his_wife_she_cums/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>What did one lesbian vampire say to the other lesbian vampire?</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF --></p>
<div class="md">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
See you next month.
</p>
</div>
<!-- SC_ON -->
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/hazardousmug"> /u/hazardousmug </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/10ne4t4/what_did_one_lesbian_vampire_say_to_the_other/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/10ne4t4/what_did_one_lesbian_vampire_say_to_the_other/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Someone broke into my house and stole 20% of my couch.</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF --></p>
<div class="md">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Ouch
</p>
</div>
<!-- SC_ON -->
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/vartha"> /u/vartha </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/10nn8da/someone_broke_into_my_house_and_stole_20_of_my/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/10nn8da/someone_broke_into_my_house_and_stole_20_of_my/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Employee on NSFW Sites…</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF --></p>
<div class="md">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Boss: What have you been working on the last few hours?
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Employee: A graphic display of convergent asynchronous load distribution.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Boss: The tracker flagged you on bukkake sites.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Employee: I stand by my previous statement.
</p>
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/Rofsbith"> /u/Rofsbith </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/10nqdfq/employee_on_nsfw_sites/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/10nqdfq/employee_on_nsfw_sites/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
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