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<title>Covid-19 Sentry</title><meta content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" name="viewport"/><link href="styles/simple.css" rel="stylesheet"/><link href="../styles/simple.css" rel="stylesheet"/><link href="https://unpkg.com/aos@2.3.1/dist/aos.css" rel="stylesheet"/><script src="https://unpkg.com/aos@2.3.1/dist/aos.js"></script></head>
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<h1 data-aos="fade-down" id="covid-19-sentry">Covid-19 Sentry</h1>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" data-aos-anchor-placement="top-bottom" id="contents">Contents</h1>
<ul>
<li><a href="#from-preprints">From Preprints</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-clinical-trials">From Clinical Trials</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-pubmed">From PubMed</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-patent-search">From Patent Search</a></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-preprints">From Preprints</h1>
<ul>
<li><strong>Taxpayers’ money for corporate profits: An odd concern?</strong> -
<div>
The article on Forbes unveiled the survey on U.S. CEOs regarding their concerns going forward. Besides well-known, and familiar issues such as labor shortages, rising inflation, supply chain disruptions, Covid-19-related disruptions, and cybersecurity, corporate executives are now also worried about future government investments in science?!
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://osf.io/x625p/" target="_blank">Taxpayers’ money for corporate profits: An odd concern?</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Age exacerbates SARS-CoV-2-induced blood-brain barrier leakage and neuropsychiatric dysfunction</strong> -
<div>
Persistent cognitive impairment and neuropsychiatric disorders are prevalent sequelae of SARS-CoV-2-induced COVID-19 in middle-aged adults. To model age-related neurological vulnerability to COVID-19, we induced respiratory SARS-CoV-2 MA10 infections by nasal inoculation in young (2 months) and middle-aged (12 months) mice. We hypothesized that aging and SARS-CoV-2 synergistically damage the blood-brain barrier (BBB) to worsen disease. Indeed, the combined action of aging and SARS-CoV-2 infection caused more fibrinogen leakage, T cell infiltration, and neuroinflammation in middle-aged SARS-CoV-2-infected mice than in similarly inoculated young adults. Mechanistically, SARS-CoV-2 exacerbated age-related increases in Caveolin-1 BBB transcellular permeability and loss of Wnt/{beta}-catenin ligands, with no apparent changes in tight junction proteins. Finally, SARS-CoV-2 infection induced age-dependent neuropsychiatric abnormalities including bradykinesia and repetitive behavior. These observations indicate that cerebrovascular aging, including loss of Wnt suppression of Caveolin-1, heightens vulnerability to SARS-CoV-2-induced neuroinflammation and neuropsychiatric sequalae. Our work suggests that modulation of Wnt signaling or its downstream effectors at the BBB could be potential interventional strategies for Long COVID.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.02.494552v1" target="_blank">Age exacerbates SARS-CoV-2-induced blood-brain barrier leakage and neuropsychiatric dysfunction</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Waning of two-dose BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273 vaccine effectiveness against symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection is robust to depletion-of-susceptibles bias</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Concerns about the duration of protection conferred by COVID-19 vaccines have arisen in postlicensure evaluations. However, “depletion of susceptibles” bias driven by differential accrual of infection among vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals may contribute to the appearance of waning vaccine effectiveness (VE) in epidemiologic studies, potentially hindering interpretation of estimates. We enrolled California residents who received molecular SARS-CoV-2 tests in a matched, test-negative design case-control study to estimate VE of mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccines between 23 February and 5 December 2021. We analyzed waning protection following 2 vaccine doses using conditional logistic regression models. Additionally, we used data from case-based surveillance along with estimated case-to-infection ratios from a population-based serological study to quantify the potential contribution of the “depletion-of-susceptibles” bias to time-varying VE estimates for 2 doses. We also estimated VE for 3 doses relative to 0 doses and 2 doses, by time since second dose receipt. Pooled VE of BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273 against symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection was 91.3% (95% confidence interval: 83.8-95.4%) at 14 days after second-dose receipt and declined to 50.8% (31.2-75.6%) at 7 months. Accounting for differential depletion-of-susceptibles among vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals, we estimated VE was 53.2% (23.6-71.2%) at 7 months among individuals who had completed the primary series (2 doses). With receipt of a third dose of BN162b2 or mRNA-1273, VE increased to 95.0% (82.8-98.6%), compared with zero doses. These findings confirm that observed waning of protection is not attributable to epidemiologic bias and support ongoing efforts to administer additional vaccine doses to mitigate burden of COVID-19.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.03.22275958v1" target="_blank">Waning of two-dose BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273 vaccine effectiveness against symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection is robust to depletion-of-susceptibles bias</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Indian Female Migrants Face Greater Barriers to Post-Covid Recovery than Males: Evidence from a Panel Study</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
<b>Background</b> India9s abrupt nationwide Covid-19 lockdown internally displaced millions of urban migrants, who made arduous journeys to distant rural homes. Documenting their labor market reintegration is a critical aspect of understanding the economic costs of the pandemic for India9s poor. In a country marked by low and declining female labor force participation, identifying gender gaps in labor market reintegration - as a marker of both women9s vulnerability at times of crisis and setbacks in women9s agency - is especially important. Yet most studies of pandemic-displaced Indian migrants are small, rely on highly selected convenience samples, and lack a gender focus. <b>Methods</b> Beginning in April 2020, we enrolled roughly 4,600 displaced migrants who had returned to two of India9s poorest states into a panel survey, which tracked enrollees through July 2021. Survey respondents were randomly selected from the states9 official databases of return migrants, with sampling stratified by state and gender. 85 percent of enrollees (3,950) were working in urban areas prior to the pandemic. Our analysis focuses on a balanced panel of 1,780 workers who were interviewed three times through July 2021, considering labor market re-entry, earnings, and measures of vulnerability by gender. <b>Findings</b> Both men and women struggle to remigrate - by July 2021 (over a year after the nationwide lockdown ended), no more than 63 percent (95% CI [60,66]) of men and 55 percent [51,59] of women had left their home villages since returning. Initially, returning migrants transition from non-agricultural urban employment into agriculture and unemployment in rural areas. Alongside, incomes plummet, with both genders earning roughly 17 percent of their pre-lockdown incomes in July 2020. Remigration is critical to regaining income - male re-migrants report earnings on par with their pre-lockdown incomes by January 2021, while men remaining in rural areas earn only 23 percent [19,27] of their pre-pandemic income. Remigration benefits women to a lesser extent - female remigrants regain no more than 65 percent [57,73] of their pre-pandemic income at any point. This contrast reflects significantly higher rates of unemployment among women, both among those remaining in rural areas (9 percentage points [6,13] higher than men across waves) and among those who remigrate (13 percentage points [9,17] higher than men across waves). As a result, we observe gender gaps in well-being: female migrants were 7 percentage points [4,10] more likely to report reduced consumption of essential goods and fare 6 percentage points [4,7] worse on a food security index. <b>Interpretation</b> Return migrants of both genders experienced persistent hardships for over a year after the initial pandemic lockdown. Female migrants fare worse, driven by both lower rates of remigration and lower rates of labor market re-entry both inside and outside home villages. Some women drop out of the labor force entirely, but most unemployed report seeking or being available to work. In short, pandemic-induced labor market displacement has far-reaching, long-term consequences for migrant workers, especially women.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.03.22275964v1" target="_blank">Indian Female Migrants Face Greater Barriers to Post-Covid Recovery than Males: Evidence from a Panel Study</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Increase of scabies infestations during the COVID-19 pandemic in Catalonia</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
During the COVID-19 pandemic, several clinicians in Spain reported an increase in scabies diagnoses. We performed a time-series analysis with data from 2014 to 2022 to quantify this increase. We found an increasing trend during late 2020 and 2021, peaking in March 2022 with an almost 4.5-fold incidence than expected, especially in those aged between 16 and 30 years. Although scabies is more frequent in most socioeconomic deprived areas, the observed rise occurs in all the areas. We recommend increasing surveillance among other countries to detect unexpected increases in scabies outbreaks.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.02.22275934v1" target="_blank">Increase of scabies infestations during the COVID-19 pandemic in Catalonia</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Genetic Diversity and Evolutionary Convergence of Cryptic SARS-CoV-2 Lineages Detected Via Wastewater Sequencing</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) is an effective way of tracking the appearance and spread of SARS-COV-2 lineages through communities. Beginning in early 2021, we implemented a targeted approach to amplify and sequence the receptor binding domain (RBD) of SARS-COV-2 to characterize viral lineages present in sewersheds. Over the course of 2021, we reproducibly detected multiple SARS-COV-2 RBD lineages that have never been observed in patient samples in 9 sewersheds located in 3 states in the USA. These cryptic lineages contained between 4 to 24 amino acid substitutions in the RBD and were observed intermittently in the sewersheds in which they were found for as long as 14 months. Many of the amino acid substitutions in these lineages occurred at residues also mutated in the Omicron variant of concern (VOC), often with the same substitution. One of the sewersheds contained a lineage that appeared to be derived from the Alpha VOC, but the majority of the lineages appeared to be derived from pre-VOC SARS-COV-2 lineages. Specifically, several of the cryptic lineages from New York City appeared to be derived from a common ancestor that most likely diverged in early 2020. While the source of these cryptic lineages has not been resolved, it seems increasingly likely that they were derived from immunocompromised patients or animal reservoirs. Our findings demonstrate that SARS-COV-2 genetic diversity is greater than what is commonly observed through routine SARS-CoV-2 surveillance. Wastewater sampling may more fully capture SARS-CoV-2 genetic diversity than patient sampling and could reveal new VOCs before they emerge in the wider human population.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.03.22275961v1" target="_blank">Genetic Diversity and Evolutionary Convergence of Cryptic SARS-CoV-2 Lineages Detected Via Wastewater Sequencing</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Delays in COVID-19 Diagnosis and Hospitalization and Outcomes — New York City, New York, USA, October 2020–November 2021</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
COVID-19 patients diagnosed ≥3 days after symptom onset had increased odds of hospitalization. The 75th percentile for diagnosis delay was 5 days for residents of low-privilege areas and Black and Hispanic people diagnosed before SARS-CoV-2 Delta predominance, compared with 4 days for other patients, indicating inequities in prompt diagnosis.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.02.22275918v1" target="_blank">Delays in COVID-19 Diagnosis and Hospitalization and Outcomes — New York City, New York, USA, October 2020–November 2021</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Data Source Concordance for Infectious Disease Epidemiology</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Background: As highlighted by the COVID-19 pandemic, researchers are eager to make use of a wide variety of data sources, both government-sponsored and alternative, to characterize the epidemiology of infectious diseases. To date, few studies have investigated the strengths and limitations of sources currently being used for such research. These are critical for policy makers to understand when interpreting study findings. Methods: To fill this gap in the literature, we compared infectious disease reporting for three diseases (measles, mumps, and varicella) across four different data sources: Optum (health insurance billing claims data), HealthMap (online news surveillance data), Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Reports (official government reports), and National Notifiable Disease Surveillance System (government case surveillance data). We reported the yearly number of national- and state-level disease-specific case counts and disease clusters according to each of our sources during a five-year study period (2013-2017). Findings: Our study demonstrated drastic differences in reported infectious disease incidence across data sources. When compared against the other three sources of interest, Optum data showed substantially higher, implausible standardized case counts for all three diseases. Although there was some concordance in identified state-level case counts and disease clusters, all four sources identified variations in state-level reporting. Interpretation: Researchers should consider data source limitations when attempting to characterize the epidemiology of infectious diseases. Some data sources, such as billing claims data, may be unsuitable for epidemiological research within the infectious disease context.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.02.22275926v1" target="_blank">Data Source Concordance for Infectious Disease Epidemiology</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Distinct smell and taste disorder phenotype of post-acute COVID-19 sequelae</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Background: Olfactory dysfunction (OD) often accompanies acute coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and its sequelae. Herein, we investigated OD during COVID-19 recovery in the context of other symptoms, quality of life, physical and mental health. Methods: Symptom recovery patterns were analyzed in a bi-national, ambulatory COVID-19 survey (n = 906, ≥ 90 days follow-up) and a multi-center observational cross-sectional cohort of ambulatory and hospitalized individuals (n = 108, 360 days follow-up) with multi-dimensional scaling, association rule mining and partitioning around medoids clustering. Results: Both in the ambulatory collective (72%, n = 655/906) and the cross-sectional ambulatory and hospitalized cohort (41%, n = 44/108) self-reported OD was frequent during acute COVID-19, displayed a slow recovery pace (ambulatory: 28 days, cross-sectional: 90 days median recovery time) and commonly co-occurred with taste disorders. In the ambulatory collective, a predominantly young, female, comorbidity-free group of convalescents with persistent OD and taste disorder (&gt;90 days) was identified. This post-acute smell and taste disorder phenotype was characterized by a low frequency of other leading post-acute symptoms including fatigue, respiratory and neurocognitive complaints. Despite a protracted smell and taste dysfunction, this subset had high ratings of physical performance, mental health, and quality of life. Conclusion: Our results underline the clinical heterogeneity of post-acute COVID-19 sequelae calling for tailored management strategies. The persistent smell and taste disorder phenotype may represent a distinct COVID-19 recovery pathway characterized by a good recovery of other COVID-19 related symptoms. Study registration: ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04661462 (ambulatory collective), NCT04416100 (cross-sectional cohort).
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.02.22275932v1" target="_blank">Distinct smell and taste disorder phenotype of post-acute COVID-19 sequelae</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Discovery of host-directed modulators of virus infection by probing the SARSCoV-2-host protein-protein interaction network</strong> -
<div>
The ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has highlighted the need to better understand virus-host interactions. We developed a network-based algorithm that expands the SARS-CoV-2-host protein interaction network and identifies host targets that modulate viral infection. To disrupt the SARS-CoV-2 interactome, we systematically probed for potent compounds that selectively target the identified host proteins with high expression in cells relevant to COVID-19. We experimentally tested seven chemical inhibitors of the identified host proteins for modulation of SARS-CoV-2 infection in human cells that express ACE2 and TMPRSS2. Inhibition of the epigenetic regulators bromodomain-containing protein 4 (BRD4) and histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2), along with ubiquitin specific peptidase (USP10), enhanced SARS-CoV-2 infection. Such proviral effect was observed upon treatment with compounds JQ1, vorinostat, romidepsin, and spautin-1, when measured by cytopathic effect and validated by viral RNA assays, suggesting that HDAC2, BRD4 and USP10 host proteins have antiviral functions. The network-based approach enables systematic identification of host-targets that selectively modulate the SARS-CoV-2 interactome, as well as reveal novel chemical tools to probe virus-host interactions that regulate virus infection.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.03.494640v1" target="_blank">Discovery of host-directed modulators of virus infection by probing the SARSCoV-2-host protein-protein interaction network</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Atomic-scale Quantum Chemical Calculation of Omicron Mutations Near Cleavage Sites of the Spike Protein</strong> -
<div>
The attachment of the Spike-protein in SARS-CoV-2 to host cells and the initiation of viral invasion are two critical processes in the viral infection and transmission processes in which the presence of unique furin (S1/S2) and TMPRSS2 (S2’) cleavage sites play a pivotal role. In this study, we provide detailed analysis of the impact of the BA.1 Omicron variant mutations, vicinal to these two cleavage sites using a novel computational method based on Amino acid-amino acid bond pair unit (AABPU), a specific protein structural unit in 3D as a proxy for quantifying the atomic interaction. We have identified several key features related to the electronic structure as well as bonding of the Omicron mutations near the cleavage sites that significantly increase the size of the relevant AABPUs and the fraction of the positive partial charge. These results of the ultra-large-scale quantum calculations enable us to conjecture on the biological role of Omicron mutations and their specific effects on cleavage sites, as well as identify the principles that can be of some value in analyzing other new variants or subvariants.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.03.494698v1" target="_blank">Atomic-scale Quantum Chemical Calculation of Omicron Mutations Near Cleavage Sites of the Spike Protein</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Single-cell RNA-sequencing data analysis reveals a highly correlated triphasic transcriptional response to SARS-CoV-2 infection</strong> -
<div>
Single-cells RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) is currently one of the most powerful techniques available to study the transcriptional response of cells to external perturbations. However, the use of conventional bulked RNA-seq analysis methods can miss important patterns underlying in the scRNA-seq data. Here, we present a reanalysis of scRNA-seq data from human bronchial epithelial cells and colon and ileum organoids using pseudo-time profiles based on the degree of virus accumulation which reflect the progress of infection. Our analysis revealed a transcriptional response to infection characterized by three distinct up- and down-regulatory phases, that cannot be detected using classical two-group comparisons. Interrogation of results, focused on genes involved in interferon-response, transcription factors and RNA-binding proteins, suggests a highly correlated transcriptional response for most genes. In addition, correlation network analysis revealed a distinct response of genes involved in translation and mitochondrially-encoded genes. Based on our data, we propose a model where modulation of nucleocytoplasmic traffic by the viral protein nsp1 explains the triphasic transcriptional response to SARS-CoV-2 infection.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.03.494642v1" target="_blank">Single-cell RNA-sequencing data analysis reveals a highly correlated triphasic transcriptional response to SARS-CoV-2 infection</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Distinct antibody responses to endemic coronaviruses pre- and post-SARS-CoV-2 infection in Kenyan infants and mothers</strong> -
<div>
Pre-existing antibodies that bind endemic human coronaviruses (eHCoVs) can cross-react with SARS-CoV-2, the betacoronavirus that causes COVID-19, but whether these responses influence SARS-CoV-2 infection is still under investigation and is particularly understudied in infants. In this study, we measured eHCoV and SARS-CoV-1 IgG antibody titers before and after SARS-CoV-2 seroconversion in a cohort of Kenyan women and their infants. Pre-existing eHCoV antibody binding titers were not consistently associated with SARS-CoV-2 seroconversion in infants or mothers, though we observed a very modest association between pre-existing HCoV-229E antibody levels and lack of SARS-CoV-2 seroconversion in infants. After seroconversion to SARS-CoV-2, antibody binding titers to endemic betacoronaviruses HCoV-OC43 and HCoV-HKU1, and the highly pathogenic betacoronavirus SARS-CoV-1, but not endemic alphacoronaviruses HCoV-229E and HCoV-NL63, increased in mothers. However, eHCoV antibody levels did not increase following SARS-CoV-2 seroconversion in infants, suggesting the increase seen in mothers was not simply due to cross-reactivity to naively generated SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. In contrast, the levels of antibodies that could bind SARS-CoV-1 increased after SARS-CoV-2 seroconversion in both mothers and infants, both of whom are unlikely to have had a prior SARS-CoV-1 infection, supporting prior findings that SARS-CoV-2 responses cross-react with SARS-CoV-1. In summary, we find evidence for increased eHCoV antibody levels following SARS-CoV-2 seroconversion in mothers but not infants, suggesting eHCoV responses can be boosted by SARS-CoV-2 infection when a prior memory response has been established, and that pre-existing cross-reactive antibodies are not strongly associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection risk in mothers or infants.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.02.493651v1" target="_blank">Distinct antibody responses to endemic coronaviruses pre- and post-SARS-CoV-2 infection in Kenyan infants and mothers</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Taxonium: a web-based tool for exploring large phylogenetic trees</strong> -
<div>
The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in a step change in the scale of sequencing data, with more genomes of SARS-CoV-2 having been sequenced than any other organism on earth. Previous web-based tools for phylogenetic exploration were not able to directly scale to this size of tree. We have developed Taxonium, a new tool that uses WebGL to allow the exploration of trees with tens of millions of nodes. Taxonium allows visualisation of mutation-annotated trees, where the genotypes at each internal node are indicated, and also links each node to associated metadata. An optional server-side backend permits rapid loading for widely used datasets, while a client-only mode allows the exploration of niche or sensitive data. Taxonium is an open-source tool which can be applied to any large tree. We provide an application for exploring a public tree of more than five million SARS-CoV-2 sequences at http://cov2tree.org, the broader Taxonium tool at http://taxonium.org, and source code at https://github.com/theosanderson/taxonium.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.03.494608v1" target="_blank">Taxonium: a web-based tool for exploring large phylogenetic trees</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Urban Exodus? Understanding Human Mobility in Britain During the COVID-19 Pandemic Using Facebook Data</strong> -
<div>
Existing empirical work has focused on assessing the effectiveness of non-pharmaceutical interventions on human mobility to contain the spread of COVID-19. Less is known about the ways in which the COVID-19 pandemic has reshaped the spatial patterns of population movement within countries. Anecdotal evidence of an urban exodus from large cities to rural areas emerged during early phases of the pan- demic across western societies. Yet, these claims have not been empirically assessed. Traditional data sources, such as censuses offer coarse temporal frequency to analyse population movement over short-time intervals. Drawing on a data set of 21 million observations from Facebook users, we aim to analyse the extent and evolution of changes in the spatial patterns of population movement across the rural-urban continuum in Britain over an 18-month period from March, 2020 to August, 2021. Our findings show an overall and sustained decline in population movement during periods of high stringency measures, with the most densely populated areas reporting the largest reductions. During these periods, we also find evidence of higher-than-average mobility from highly dense population areas to low densely populated areas, lending some support to claims of large-scale population movements from large cities. Yet, we show that these trends were temporary. Overall mobility levels trended back to pre-coronavirus levels after the easing of non-pharmaceutical interventions. Following these interventions, we also found a reduction in movement to low density areas and a rise in mobility to high density agglomerations. Overall, these findings reveal that while COVID-19 generated shock waves leading to temporary changes in the patterns of population movement in Britain, the resulting vibrations have not significantly reshaped the prevalent structures in the national pattern of population movement.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://osf.io/6hjv3/" target="_blank">Urban Exodus? Understanding Human Mobility in Britain During the COVID-19 Pandemic Using Facebook Data</a>
</div></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-clinical-trials">From Clinical Trials</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A Safety and Efficacy Study of Hymecromone Tablets for the Treatment of Patients With COVID-19.</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Drug: Hymecromone tablets;   Other: Placebo<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Shanghai Zhongshan Hospital<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A Study to Assess the Safety and Immunogenicity of a COVID-19 Vaccine Booster in Healthy Adults</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Biological: Prime-2-CoV_Beta<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   University Hospital Tuebingen;   FGK Clinical Research GmbH;   VisMederi srl;   Staburo GmbH;   Viedoc Technologies AB<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Eucalyptus Oil as Adjuvant Therapy for Coronavirus Disease 19 (COVID-19)</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Drug: Eucalyptus Oil;   Drug: Standard COVID medication<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   Hasanuddin University;   Ministry of Agriculture, Republic of Indonesia<br/><b>Completed</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Study of Oral High/Low-dose Cepharanthine Compared With Placebo in Non Hospitalized Adults With COVID-19</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   Asymptomatic COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Drug: Cepharanthine;   Drug: Placebo<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine;   YUNNAN BAIYAO GROUP CO.,LTD<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A Study to Learn About the Study Medicine (Called Nirmatrelvir/Ritonavir) in Pregnant Women With Mild or Moderate COVID-19.</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Drug: nirmatrelvir;   Drug: ritonavir<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Pfizer<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Evaluation of COVID-19 Vaccines Given as a Booster in Healthy Adults in Indonesia (MIACoV Indonesia)</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Biological: Pfizer-BioNTech Standard dose;   Biological: AstraZeneca Standard dose;   Biological: Pfizer-BioNTech Fractional dose;   Biological: AstraZeneca Fractional dose;   Biological: Moderna Standard dose;   Biological: Moderna Fractional dose<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   Murdoch Childrens Research Institute;   Universitas Padjadjaran (UNPAD);   Universitas Indonesia (UI);   Health Development Policy Agency, Ministry of Health Republic of Indonesia;   Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations;   The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>α-synuclein Seeding Activity in the Olfactory Mucosa in COVID-19</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Other: Real-time Quaking-Induced Conversion (RT-QuIC)<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Medical University Innsbruck<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Immunogenicity and Safety of a Third Dose of COVID-19 Vaccine(Vero Cell), Inactivated in the Elderly</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Biological: COVID-19 Vaccine (Vero cell), Inactivated<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Sinovac Research and Development Co., Ltd.<br/><b>Active, not recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Efficacy, Safety and Immunogenicity Study of the Recombinant Two-component COVID-19 Vaccine (CHO Cell)(Recov)</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Biological: Recombinant two-component COVID-19 vaccine (CHO cell);   Biological: Placebo<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Jiangsu Rec-Biotechnology Co., Ltd.<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A Phase 1a Trial to Evaluate the Safety and Immunogenicity of a SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Chimera Vaccine Against COVID-19</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Biological: RQ3013;   Biological: Comirnaty<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   Walvax Biotechnology Co., Ltd.;   Shanghai RNACure Biopharma Co., Ltd.<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A Phase 1b Trial to Evaluate the Safety and Immunogenicity of a SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Chimera Vaccine Against COVID-19</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Biological: RQ3013;   Biological: Comirnaty<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   Walvax Biotechnology Co., Ltd.;   Shanghai RNACure Biopharma Co., Ltd.<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Paxlovid in the Treatment of COVID-19 Patients With Uremia</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>:   COVID-19;   Uremia<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Drug: Paxlovid;   Drug: standard-of-care<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Ruijin Hospital<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Telemedically Assisted Sampling of COVID-19 Patients - Is the Sampling Quality Sufficient</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>:   Telemedicine;   Pharynx;   COVID-19<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Diagnostic Test: telemedically guided oropharyngeal + nasal (OP+N) self-sampling (GSS) and nasopharyngeal (NP) or OP+N sampling performed by health care professionals (HCP)<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Teststation Praxis Dr. med Bielecki<br/><b>Active, not recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Treatment of COVID-19 Post-acute Cognitive Impairment Sequelae With tDCS</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>:   Cognitive Impairment;   Post-Acute Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 Infection;   COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Procedure: Active tDCS and cognitive training;   Procedure: Sham tDCS and cognitive training<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   University of Sao Paulo;   Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Improving Pediatric COVID-19 Vaccine Uptake Using an mHealth Tool</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>:   COVID-19 Vaccines;   Telemedicine;   Vaccine Hesitancy;   Pediatric ALL<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Behavioral: COVID-19 Vaccine Uptake App;   Other: General Health App<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   University of Arkansas;   National Institutes of Health (NIH);   University of Nebraska;   University of Montana<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-pubmed">From PubMed</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Potential effects of icariin, the Epimedium-derived bioactive compound in the treatment of COVID-19: a hypothesis</strong> - Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has affected the world’s health systems for more than two years. This disease causes a high mortality rate followed by cytokine storm-induced oxidative stress and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Therefore, many drugs have been considered with emphasis on their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects in controlling the consequences of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Icariin is a major…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Ginsenoside Rg1 suppresses paraquat-induced epithelial cell senescence by enhancing autophagy in an ATG12-dependent manner</strong> - Paraquat (PQ), as a widely used herbicide, is highly toxic to human. PQ-induced pulmonary fibrosis is the main reason for respiratory failure and death. In PQ-poisoned mice, we find abundant senescent epithelial cells in the lung tissues, which can contribute to the activation of pulmonary fibroblasts. Ginsenoside Rg1 (Rg1), the main active component of ginseng, possess beneficial properties against aging. In our work, we aimed to investigate the potential protective effects of Rg1 on PQ-induced…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Insights into Coronavirus Papain-like Protease Structure, Function and Inhibitors</strong> - Coronavirus are pathogens that seriously affect human and animal health. They mostly cause respiratory or enteric diseases, which can be severe and life threatening, such as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) in humans. The conserved coronaviral papain-like protease is an attractive antiviral drug target because it is essential for coronaviral replication and it also inhibits host innate immune responses….</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A comprehensive review about immune responses and exhaustion during coronavirus disease (COVID-19)</strong> - Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a viral infectious disease caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus. The infection was reported in Wuhan, China, in late December 2019 and has become a major global concern due to severe respiratory infections and high transmission rates. Evidence suggests that the strong interaction between SARS-CoV-2 and patients’ immune systems leads to various clinical symptoms of COVID-19. Although the adaptive immune responses are…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Cleavage of the selective autophagy receptor SQSTM1/p62 by the SARS-CoV-2 main protease NSP5 prevents the autophagic degradation of viral membrane proteins</strong> - Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) global pandemic. Omicron, a new variant of SARS-CoV-2, has the characteristics of strong transmission and pathogenicity, short incubation period, and rapid onset progression, and has spread rapidly around the world. The high replication rate and intracellular accumulation of SARS-CoV-2 are remarkable, but the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Autophagy acts as a…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A dimeric proteomimetic prevents SARS-CoV-2 infection by dimerizing the spike protein</strong> - Protein tertiary structure mimetics are valuable tools to target large protein-protein interaction interfaces. Here, we demonstrate a strategy for designing dimeric helix-hairpin motifs from a previously reported three-helix-bundle miniprotein that targets the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Through truncation of the third helix and optimization of the interhelical loop residues of the miniprotein, we developed a thermostable dimeric…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Metformin therapy in COVID-19: inhibition of NETosis</strong> - No abstract</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>What Is an Antibody Test? Characteristics of Antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 and Their Tests</strong> - Antibodies play a major role in immune responses against viruses, which inhibit infection by binding to target viral antigen. Antibodies are induced by viral entry to the body and vaccination that artificially induces immune responses; therefore, antibody tests are used in research for infection history and evaluation of vaccine efficacy. Currently, antibody tests against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) by immunochromatography, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Suite of TMPRSS2 Assays for Screening Drug Repurposing Candidates as Potential Treatments of COVID-19</strong> - SARS-CoV-2 is the causative viral pathogen driving the COVID-19 pandemic that prompted an immediate global response to the development of vaccines and antiviral therapeutics. For antiviral therapeutics, drug repurposing allows for rapid movement of the existing clinical candidates and therapies into human clinical trials to be tested as COVID-19 therapies. One effective antiviral treatment strategy used early in symptom onset is to prevent viral entry. SARS-CoV-2 enters ACE2-expressing cells…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Synthetic Heparan Sulfate Mimetic Pixatimod (PG545) Potently Inhibits SARS-CoV-2 by Disrupting the Spike-ACE2 Interaction</strong> - Heparan sulfate (HS) is a cell surface polysaccharide recently identified as a coreceptor with the ACE2 protein for the S1 spike protein on SARS-CoV-2 virus, providing a tractable new therapeutic target. Clinically used heparins demonstrate an inhibitory activity but have an anticoagulant activity and are supply-limited, necessitating alternative solutions. Here, we show that synthetic HS mimetic pixatimod (PG545), a cancer drug candidate, binds and destabilizes the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>High-Resolution Magic-Angle Spinning NMR Spectroscopy for Evaluation of Cell Shielding by Virucidal Composites Based on Biogenic Silver Nanoparticles, Flexible Cellulose Nanofibers and Graphene Oxide</strong> - Antiviral and non-toxic effects of silver nanoparticles onto in vitro cells infected with coronavirus were evaluated in this study using High-Resolution Magic-Angle Spinning Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (HR-MAS NMR) spectroscopy. Silver nanoparticles were designed and synthesized using an orange flavonoid-hesperetin (HST)-for reduction of silver(I) and stabilization of as obtained nanoparticles. The bio-inspired process is a simple, clean, and sustainable way to synthesize biogenic silver…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Unravelling the Therapeutic Potential of Botanicals Against Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD): Molecular Insights and Future Perspectives</strong> - Background: COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) is a serious health problem worldwide. Present treatments are insufficient and have severe side effects. There is a critical shortage of possible alternative treatments. Medicinal herbs are the most traditional and widely used therapy for treating a wide range of human illnesses around the world. In several countries, different plants are used to treat COPD. Purpose: In this review, we have discussed several known cellular and molecular…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Binding of SARS-CoV-2 protein ORF9b to mitochondrial translocase TOM70 prevents its interaction with chaperone HSP90</strong> - The emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), remains a great threat to global health. ORF9b, an important accessory protein of SARS-CoV-2, plays a critical role in the viral host interaction, targeting TOM70, a member of the mitochondrial translocase of the outer membrane complex. The assembly between ORF9b and TOM70 is implicated in disrupting mitochondrial antiviral signaling, leading to immune evasion. We describe the…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>High-throughput drug screening allowed identification of entry inhibitors specifically targeting different routes of SARS-CoV-2 Delta and Omicron/BA.1</strong> - The Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has continuously evolved, resulting in the emergence of several variants of concern (VOCs). To study mechanisms of viral entry and potentially identify specific inhibitors, we pseudotyped lentiviral vectors with different SARS-CoV-2 VOC spike variants (D614G, Alpha, Beta, Delta, Omicron/BA.1), responsible for receptor binding and membrane fusion. These SARS-CoV-2 lentiviral pseudoviruses were applied to screen 774 FDA-approved…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Exploration of potential inhibitors for SARS-CoV-2 Mpro considering its mutants via structure-based drug design, molecular docking, MD simulations, MM/PBSA and DFT calculations</strong> - The main protease (Mpro) of SARS-COV-2 plays a vital role in the viral life cycle and pathogenicity. Due to its specific attributes, this 3-chymotrypsin like protease (3Cl-P) can be a reliable target for the drug design to combat COVID-19. Since the advent of COVID-19, Mpro has undergone many mutations. Here, the impact of 10 mutations based on their frequency and 5 more based on their proximity to the active site was investigated. For comparison purposes, the docking process was also performed…</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-patent-search">From Patent Search</h1>
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<h1 data-aos="fade-down" id="daily-dose">Daily-Dose</h1>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" data-aos-anchor-placement="top-bottom" id="contents">Contents</h1>
<ul>
<li><a href="#from-new-yorker">From New Yorker</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-vox">From Vox</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-the-hindu-sports">From The Hindu: Sports</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-the-hindu-national-news">From The Hindu: National News</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-bbc-europe">From BBC: Europe</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-ars-technica">From Ars Technica</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-jokes-subreddit">From Jokes Subreddit</a></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-new-yorker">From New Yorker</h1>
<ul>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>The Atrocity of American Gun Culture</strong> - After mass shootings like those in Uvalde and Buffalo, pro-gun officials say they don’t want to politicize tragedy. But the circumstances that allow for the mass murder of children are inherently political. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2022/06/06/the-atrocity-of-american-gun-culture">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>The Staff of Uvalde’s Local Paper Cover the Worst Day of Their Lives</strong> - The paper’s employees lost neighbors, acquaintances, and a daughter in a school shooting. Then they had to report the story. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/letter-from-the-southwest/the-staff-of-uvaldes-local-paper-cover-the-worst-day-of-their-lives">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>What the End of Roe v. Wade Will Mean for the Next Generation of Obstetricians</strong> - An aspiring ob-gyn’s views on abortion might determine what training she seeks out, which specialities she pursues, and where she chooses to live. In a post-Roe world, that self-sorting process would grow even more intense. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/annals-of-education/what-the-end-of-roe-v-wade-will-mean-for-the-next-generation-of-obstetricians">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Would Showing Graphic Images of Mass Shootings Spur Action to Stop Them?</strong> - Returning to an old debate after the horrific killings in Uvalde, Texas. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/daily-comment/would-showing-graphic-images-of-mass-shootings-spur-action-to-stop-them">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>The New Jobs Report Is Encouraging on Jobs and Inflation</strong> - The President deserves more credit for a growing economy, but public attitudes likely won’t change until there is progress on inflation. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/our-columnists/the-new-jobs-report-is-encouraging-on-jobs-and-inflation">link</a></p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-vox">From Vox</h1>
<ul>
<li><strong>Joe Biden’s new go-to tool to fight inflation? The deficit.</strong> -
<figure>
<img alt="" src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/Oe5xRycrjghJWO0DI2czE40H9zA=/443x0:4000x2668/1310x983/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_image/image/70942698/1240603567.0.jpg"/>
<figcaption>
Joe Biden speaks on inflation as part of a trip to a family farm in Kankakee, Illinois. | Taylor Glascock/Bloomberg via Getty Images
</figcaption>
</figure>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
The president says reducing the deficit will lower inflation. Will it?
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="jTYsKK">
Fuel prices are rising, rent is too damn high, and elections are coming. As inflation and high costs of living spoil the country’s economic mood, President Joe Biden has revived a recent talking point to get across how seriously he takes the country’s economic situation: “I reduced the federal deficit.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="F2Wfh0">
Cutting government spending isn’t really top of mind for most American voters, and balancing federal budgets is certainly not going to be enough to motivate Democratic voters to turn out in midterm elections. The federal budget deficit hardly registers in Gallup’s recent polling on the country’s <a href="https://news.gallup.com/poll/1675/most-important-problem.aspx">most pressing problem</a>, but inflation is at the top of the list.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="ZSvjiA">
With midterms coming up and a new inflation estimate scheduled to be released next week, the White House is now making deficit reduction a core part of its intense efforts this month to convince voters the economy is getting better — and reset public opinion on its biggest political challenge.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="yMUxBq">
It marks a pivot: Biden campaigned on wanting to be a transformative president, pushed for massive spending packages throughout 2021, and played down concerns of inflation to boost those proposals. But the president now sounds more cautious about big government spending.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="BnADNr">
That pivot started at his state of the Union speech earlier this year. “My plan to fight inflation will lower your costs and lower the deficit,” he said in March. “By the end of this year, the deficit will be down to less than half what it was before I took office.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="jdzPii">
Inflation has gotten <a href="https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2022/03/inflation-federal-reserve-recession/627079/">steadily</a> worse and stayed high since then, but the White House’s messaging on the problem really kicked into overdrive in recent days. Biden rolled out a three-pronged approach — one being deficit reduction — to wrangle inflation in a <a href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/my-plan-for-fighting-inflation-joe-biden-gas-prices-economy-unemployment-jobs-covid-11653940654?mod=opinion_major_pos5">Wall Street journal op-ed</a>. He’s also invoking the deficit in speeches, and addressed the country about it again on Friday. His administration’s officials popped up on television screens this week to talk about the plan, and the White House is planning more announcements, interviews, and trips for the rest of the month.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="TluaFS">
Biden’s claim that his policies are responsible for the drop in the spending gap are debatable. But even if they were completely true, it’s not totally clear that cutting back federal spending would, at this point, help bring down inflation, according to economists. Whether it convinces the average American is even more dubious. But the administration is going to try.
</p>
<h3 id="j4tZpg">
<strong>A refresher on the deficit, and Biden’s role in getting it down</strong>
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Id3IA3">
The federal deficit is the amount of money the federal government spends in a year’s budget beyond what it has collected in revenue. That shortfall gets added to the country’s total debt. The United States has run up a budget deficit every year since at least the early 1970s, except for four years between 1998 and 2002.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="BfzLCD">
It ran its largest deficits ever during the core pandemic years of 2020 and 2021 because of emergency coronavirus spending through the CARES Act and American Rescue Plan. Because that funding is winding down or all spent, and because tax revenues have increased as unemployment dropped and the nation’s overall economic recovery sped up over the last year, the deficit dropped in 2021. An even bigger drop is projected by the end of the 2022 fiscal year in September.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="7HB9gI">
Over the last few months, Biden has taken credit for this drop in the deficit in his State of the Union address, in speeches <a href="https://www.factcheck.org/2022/04/bidens-deficit-spin/">throughout April</a> and last month, when he sought to “remind you again: I reduced the federal deficit” despite “all the talk about the deficit from my Republican friends.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="NAHPEk">
Focusing on the deficit is traditionally much more of a priority for Republicans than Democrats. You tend to hear about it from congressional Republicans who want to cut back on social welfare spending or attack Democrats for spending at all. Many words have been written about just how much deficits matter, but economists who spoke to Vox said that they matter more in times of high inflation.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="sjBcLp">
It’s true that deficits are decreasing: The $2.8 trillion deficit in 2021 was <a href="https://www.thebalance.com/us-deficit-by-year-3306306">lower</a> than the record $3.1 trillion deficit from 2020, when Donald Trump was president. And the <a href="https://www.cbo.gov/publication/58147">projected 2022 deficit of $1 trillion</a> will be an even steeper fall — something for which the president is taking credit. But that’s largely a product of the big spending programs from 2020 and 2021 tapping out, according to many economic experts. Biden’s signature spending package, the <a href="https://www.vox.com/23036340/biden-american-rescue-plan-inflation">American Rescue Plan</a>, worsened the deficit to a degree — shrinking a projected $870 billion deficit reduction to the $360 billion decline that actually happened from 2021 to 2022.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="1G3Kf8">
“I’ve heard the president and his administration say over and over again, things like ‘we have reduced the deficit because of our actions.’ That is only true in a very backward sense,” Marc Goldwein, a senior vice president at the Committee for a Responsible Federal Budget, a fiscally conservative group, told Vox. “The deficit is coming down year over year overall despite their actions.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="tf6smo">
It’s also true that American unemployment has been dropping quickly over the last two years — meaning more people are paying taxes that help offset government spending. On that front, the White House credits its recovery efforts.
</p>
<h3 id="xX7o84">
<strong>The effects of deficits on inflation are debatable</strong>
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Zmwpev">
Even if Biden gets full credit for bringing down the deficit, casting it as a tool to fight the country’s current level of inflation is a new approach for him. “Bringing down the deficit is one way to ease inflationary pressures,” he said in early May. “We reduce federal borrowing and we help combat inflation.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="gjVfoj">
Economists don’t all agree on just how much taxing and spending can do to combat inflation.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="wP8Hua">
“Not all government spending is clearly inflationary,” Goldwein said. “But when you’re in a period of high inflation, you can probably expect the first-order effect of any given increase in spending or any given cut in taxes is probably going to be inflationary.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="JTHucj">
Big deficits can certainly worsen the problem if that’s the result of a massive injection of money into the economy when the economy is overheated, but the primary responsibility for controlling inflation falls on the Federal Reserve, which controls interest rates and money supply — and the White House is emphasizing that point in its economic plan: “My predecessor demeaned the Fed, and past presidents have sought to influence its decisions inappropriately during periods of elevated inflation. I won’t do this,” Biden wrote in an <a href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/my-plan-for-fighting-inflation-joe-biden-gas-prices-economy-unemployment-jobs-covid-11653940654?mod=opinion_major_pos5">op-ed</a> for the Wall Street Journal this week.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="2jwZ9W">
Biden acknowledges he has more control over how much revenue the government can collect in taxes and how much it chooses to spend. “Because government is such a large purchaser, and because it’s such a big part of our economy, if you lower the amount of deficit — so you either increase taxes or you lower spending — you’re going to pull some money out of the economy, and that can reduce inflationary pressures,” a senior administration official, who spoke on condition of anonymity, told Vox about the White House’s thinking on the deficit-inflation link.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Sp81Ai">
But there’s a difference between simply not worsening inflation by growing deficits and taking active steps to reduce the deficit. By not increasing spending on policies that put more money in people’s hands, the government can try to hamper demand for goods and services. There’s still plenty of money out in savings accounts and the coffers of state and local governments that will make this a challenge — and supply chain and logistics concerns that can’t just be solved by cutting spending and raising taxes — but the White House is suggesting a handful of reforms in a renewed economic message it is rolling out this month.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="R4xksi">
The president isn’t expecting any more big immediate spending, but knowing that the government can fight inflation on the margins through long-term investments and tempering expectations about future economic growth, Biden’s plan has a shot at making things feel better.
</p>
<h3 id="2c9n7D">
<strong>Biden’s new economic sprint</strong>
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="GQhKI5">
In his Wall Street Journal op-ed, Biden laid out an inflation-fighting plan to ease the country into “stable, steady growth” that includes deficit reduction as just one of three planks; letting the Fed do its work and making things more affordable are the other two. He expanded on this message during an address Friday focused on the May jobs report that shows hiring still rising and unemployment remaining near a pre-pandemic low.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="dv84Yn">
He wants Congress to reform the way the IRS collects taxes from regular Americans and how billionaires and corporations pay taxes, as a way to not just reduce the deficit even more, but fight inflation by punishing price-gouging and “<a href="https://www.politico.com/news/2022/05/31/biden-ceo-inflation-00036148">corporate greed</a>.” White House officials this week have also made television appearances and public statements to push this new message and announce infrastructure and climate investments to improve supply chains.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="svqV8i">
These new moves are happening as inflation remains near a record high, gas prices <a href="https://www.cnn.com/2022/06/02/energy/gas-prices-impact-economy/index.html">soar</a> as summer travel picks up and energy markets remain chaotic after Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, and the outlook for Democrats in midterm elections worsens.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="rzR8cd">
Many of Biden’s proposed fixes require congressional action — something Biden is eager to emphasize: “I’m doing everything I can on my own to help working families during this stretch of higher prices. And I’m going to continue to do that,” he said on Friday. “But Congress needs to act as well.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="5zCDeH">
As part of this larger strategy, the White House seems to be gearing this deficit message toward the most fiscally conservative members of his caucus in Congress: Sens. Joe Manchin of West Virginia and Kyrsten Sinema of Arizona have been frequent obstacles to Democrats’ ability to pass any new economic plans through the Senate, and both have signaled their concern over worsening inflation.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="ahunxr">
Whatever reforms and proposals could make it through the House and Senate would have to satiate those concerns, and so far, Biden’s plan is straddling that line by increasing revenue and investing in longer-term economic productivity and cheaper energy production, which some economists say can help alleviate longer-term inflationary pressures.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="rE5giF">
This deficit and inflation pivot is also a test of a traditional presidential power that has been waning in recent administrations: the<a href="https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2013/04/the-myth-of-the-bully-pulpit/443067/"> bully pulpit</a>, or the president’s influence to set agendas, dominate national conversations, and persuade other politicians to fall in line. Biden has <a href="https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/white-house/biden-white-house-adrift-rcna30121">reportedly</a> been frustrated by his inability to break through to the general public and craft a cohesive message on the many challenges his administration is trying to tackle, from inflation and gas prices to gun violence and the pandemic.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="ELOJVA">
On Friday, he tried to explain his focus on affordability and reducing the deficit in terms Americans might understand, “I understand that families who are struggling probably don’t care why the prices are up. They just want them to go down. … But it’s important that we understand the root of the problem so we can take steps to solve it.” he said. “The reason this matters to families is because reducing the deficit is another way to ease inflation.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="coEYQI">
Presidents have seen this power of persuasion eroded as party polarization increases, Congress gets harder to unify, and messaging power is diffused among media, political organizations, and activist groups. For Biden, part of the problem comes from his tendency to misspeak or have his comments corrected or <a href="https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/white-house/biden-white-house-adrift-rcna30121">cleaned up by staff afterward</a>. But the senior administration official who spoke to Vox argued it’s worth Biden making this outreach: “The president is trying to help people understand the role that this democratically elected government can play in people’s lives to help improve economic outcomes, and then by that, help to improve people’s outcomes.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Sq0iBG">
We will see in a few months whether this posturing convinces any voters. But by at least speaking about it and laying out a plan, the White House can counter Republican attacks about wasteful government spending and irresponsible government borrowing and message to average Americans that it is being responsible with its spending just like Americans who are concerned about affordability.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="CkroIm">
Still, for the strategy to succeed, it will have to break through to average Americans who may not know what the deficit is, but do know that the price of gas and food is rising. Whether that happens on television or in person (the White House is hinting at future trips and speeches), the message has to get out there. And as part of a larger plan, it may address the <a href="https://www.theatlantic.com/newsletters/archive/2022/06/american-economy-negative-perception-inflation/661149/">general confusion and malaise</a> so many Americans are feeling.
</p></li>
<li><strong>Business is booming for crypto scammers</strong> -
<figure>
<img alt="A sign for a bitcoin ATM in Washington, DC, reads “Get coins, bitcoin ATM, buy sell here.”" src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/uHO0uV01byy-ub9bqNzu7Mzdl7c=/491x0:5415x3693/1310x983/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_image/image/70941122/GettyImages_1238838038.0.jpg"/>
<figcaption>
Bitcoin ATMs have made it easier for scammers to take crypto from their victims. | Sarah Silbiger/Bloomberg via Getty Images
</figcaption>
</figure>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
More than $1 billion was lost to crypto scams in the last 15 months, according to the FTC.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="MKlt8E">
The crypto crash isn’t the only way the decentralized currency can lose its holders a lot of real money. According to a <a href="https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/data-visualizations/data-spotlight/2022/06/reports-show-scammers-cashing-crypto-craze">new report</a> from the Federal Trade Commission (FTC), cryptocurrency is increasingly used as part of scams, either as an integral part of the scam itself or just the way scammers want to be paid.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="nZ0WDR">
The FTC says 46,000 people reported losing more than $1 billion worth of crypto in scams between January 2021 and March 2022, noting that this number is only the people who reported their losses to the FTC. It’s likely that the actual number of people scammed and crypto lost is much higher, as most victims don’t report their losses to the FTC.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="BQoGjW">
Even though that $1 billion figure might not be reflective of the true amount of money lost, it does indicate just how much crypto scams have increased: Reported losses were nearly 60 times higher in 2021 than they were in 2018. And in the first quarter of 2022 alone, losses were already about half of what they were in all of 2021. A quarter of the money lost in reported scams is now in crypto.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="awpqkI">
Crypto already has a not-great reputation as a playground for illegal purchases, <a href="https://www.vox.com/recode/22527272/ransomware-cyberattacks-bitcoin-explained">hacker ransoms</a>, and money laundering. Its increasing role in old-fashioned scams won’t help enthusiasts make the case that virtual currency should play a larger role in legitimate financial markets and banks. While President Biden signed an executive order <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2022/03/09/us/politics/crypto-regulation-biden.html">last March</a> to come up with cryptocurrency regulations, it’s not known what those regulations will be, when they’ll be put in place, or if they’ll do anything to prevent scams.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="UTR5BM">
</p>
<div id="yq97bP">
</div></li>
<li><strong>100 days in, Russia’s war is now a brutal offensive in eastern Ukraine</strong> -
<figure>
<img alt="" src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/pfUvSAU8qi0V4b99nEn-usUEqjs=/0x0:3200x2400/1310x983/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_image/image/70940671/AP22148569011704.0.jpg"/>
<figcaption>
Yana Skakova and her son Yehor, who fled Lysychansk, sit in an evacuation train at the station in Pokrovsk in eastern Ukraine on May 28. Fighting has raged around Lysychansk and neighboring Sievierodonetsk, the last major cities under Ukrainian control in the Luhansk region. | Francisco Seco/AP
</figcaption>
</figure>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Russia is making gains in the Donbas through a grinding and indiscriminate war.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="K4wd6Z">
One hundred days into the war in Ukraine, Russia has turned its siege tactics on <a href="https://www.economist.com/europe/2022/05/31/russia-threatens-to-capture-severodonetsk">Sievierodonetsk</a>, the last major city in<a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2022/05/31/ukraine-displaced-evacuees-russia-severodonetsk/"> Luhansk</a> still outside its control.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="YBt1Qe">
<a href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/6/1/ukraine-defeat-in-severodonetsk-looming-as-troops-await-us-arms">Ukraine is still gripping the city,</a> as Russia seeks to take it by leveling it to nothing. Almost 90 percent of <a href="https://www.economist.com/europe/2022/05/31/russia-threatens-to-capture-severodonetsk">Sievierodonetsk’</a>s buildings, and all of its critical infrastructure, have been destroyed, <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2022/05/29/russia-ukraine-war-news-live-updates/">said Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy</a>. A few thousand people remain in the city, <a href="https://reliefweb.int/report/ukraine/ukraine-thousands-civilians-caught-severodonetsk-crossfire-dire-need-aid">without access to food, water, electricity, medicine</a>.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="0k7xW3">
“Their tactic is to turn the city into a desert and then take the territory,” <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2022/05/31/ukraine-displaced-evacuees-russia-severodonetsk/">said</a> Serhiy Haidai, head of Luhansk’s regional war administration.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="3usN7M">
Sievierodonetsk represents the current phase of <a href="https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2022/4/22/23034480/russia-donbas-new-phase-war-ukraine-explained">Russia’s war in Ukraine</a> — a grinding, brutal, and unforgiving offensive in the Luhansk and Donestk oblasts (or administrative regions)<strong> </strong>where Russia seeks to take towns and territory, inch by inch, often relying on <a href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/5/23/russia-using-scorched-earth-tactics-in-donbas-cities-ukraine">indiscriminate shelling and bombing</a> that leaves the region a wasteland. There is no clear end to this campaign.
</p>
<div class="c-wide-block">
<figure class="e-image">
<img alt=" " src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/kqAXUmBnuOAAey6TVpGKgJtaDGA=/800x0/filters:no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23604358/GettyImages_1241055007.jpg"/> <cite>Aris Messinis/AFP via Getty Images</cite>
<figcaption>
Smoke and dirt rise in the city of Sievierodonetsk during fighting between Ukrainian and Russian troops on June 2.
</figcaption>
</figure>
</div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="bxtU4K">
Weeks after Russia <a href="https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2022/4/22/23034480/russia-donbas-new-phase-war-ukraine-explained">refocused its war in Ukraine toward the Donbas</a>, the Kremlin’s forces are steadily advancing and controlling territory. “If you look at the map, what the Russians are doing in the south and east, they’re consistently making gains across the board,” said Nick Reynolds, research analyst for Land Warfare at RUSI. On Thursday, Zelenskyy<a href="https://www.nytimes.com/live/2022/06/02/world/russia-ukraine-war-news"> said</a> Russia now occupies one-fifth of Ukrainian territory.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="VNOCl8">
These are still revised war aims for Moscow, <a href="https://www.vox.com/22970918/russia-war-in-ukraine-explained">which initially sought a lightning-quick takeover of Ukraine, and the collapse of the government in Kyiv</a>. Ukraine’s resistance and <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/outlook/2022/03/17/russia-military-failing-dangerous/">Russia’s incompetence</a> prevented that outcome, so Russia shifted its campaign to the south and east, where it could regroup and capitalize on the territorial gains the Kremlin achieved since the start of the full-scale invasion.
</p>
<figure class="e-image">
<img alt=" " src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/OWYL2ybrOISSjzAEbhzR7UHVxek=/800x0/filters:no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23605628/DraftUkraineCoTJune2_2022.png"/>
<figcaption>
Institute for the Study of War (ISW)
</figcaption>
</figure>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="fSCJCk">
Russia has learned some lessons from its early failures, and is now concentrating on taking territory, bit by bit, rather than attempting multiple prongs of attack. The Kremlin has deployed its overwhelming fire and artillery power, which has led to mounting Ukrainian casualties.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="zZ10rm">
Zelenskyy has<a href="https://twitter.com/jimsciutto/status/1531940054813360129?s=20&amp;t=gNCqIUwQqAujE6dlbfI6eA"> said</a> Ukraine is losing 60 to 100 soldiers each day in the east. “They move little by little, but definitely it brings us a lot of losses in our soldiers, and many wounded and many are killed,” said Volodymyr Omelyan, a former Minister of Infrastructure of Ukraine, who is now a member of the Territorial Defense Forces, currently stationed in southern Ukraine, between Kherson and Mykolaiv. “It’s not that type of story in the beginning of March, when we were simply killing Russians without losses from our side.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="khFjHe">
Momentum may tilt toward Russia, but it is not overwhelmingly decisive. This is an unsparing strategy for Russia, <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2022/05/31/us/politics/russia-military-eastern-ukraine.html">which is still facing heavy losses</a>. Ukraine is holding in Donetsk, <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/may/23/up-to-100-ukraine-troops-could-be-dying-donbas-each-day-zelenskiy">though Russia is trying to push through</a>. Ukraine has attempted counteroffensives, <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2022/05/29/world/europe/ukraine-russia-war-kherson.html">including around Kherson</a>, in the south, though experts say Ukraine has only had limited success so far. But if that changes, it may stretch Russia if it is forced to respond.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="fMgG8T">
The war is also transforming, as more <a href="https://apnews.com/article/russia-ukraine-kyiv-technology-4f8e7d017b5fd67d80fb42d23b27b3c1">advanced Western weapons, like the US’s advanced rocket systems, make their way to the Ukrainians </a>on the front lines. All of these arms take time to deliver. There are lags in distribution, in integrating weaponry into battalions, in training soldiers on those weapons. Simon Schlegel, a senior analyst for Ukraine at the International Crisis Group, said we may see more attempts by Ukrainians to use heavier and more sophisticated weapons for counterattacks later this summer. The test will be if that can translate into more Ukrainian victories.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="gi6zn3">
Still, 100 days since Russia launched its full-scale invasion, the situation on the ground in Ukraine is still very fluid. Russia is inching toward its (downgraded) war aim of controlling the Donbas, which would give Russian President Vladimir Putin a potential victory to sell at home. But whether <a href="https://foreignpolicy.com/2022/04/20/is-ukraines-endgame-a-russian-land-bridge/">that will be enough for Putin</a> is still a real question. It is unlikely, too, that Ukraine could settle for slicing off its territory, and abandoning the Ukrainians now under Russian control. All of this risks a sustained conflict, as the economic and humanitarian toll mounts.
</p>
<h3 id="LwlzU1">
Russia is gaining territory in the Donbas. Can it hold it?
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="VyJi7o">
Incremental progress has been the hallmark of Russia’s offensive in the east, and, over time, those gains have added up. To achieve those, Russia has completely decimated cities. What Russia <a href="https://www.vox.com/2022/5/17/23037687/mariupol-evacuation-ukraine-russia">did in Mariupol</a>, it is doing across the Donbas.
</p>
<div class="c-wide-block">
<figure class="e-image">
<img alt=" " src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/fXP9ct3UiomobrdvPjFvBzsODaw=/800x0/filters:no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23604488/AP22146477945557.jpg"/> <cite>AP</cite>
<figcaption>
Children walk among buildings destroyed during fighting in Mariupol, in territory under the government of the Donetsk People’s Republic in eastern Ukraine on May 25.
</figcaption>
</figure>
</div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="oUELY6">
“If you look at what they’re doing now in the Donbas and why they’re taking territory, it’s because they’re going back to the way Russia traditionally fights wars, which is through indiscriminate fires, overwhelming fires, little regard for civilian populations, committing war crimes,” said Dmitri Alperovitch, co-founder and chairman of Silverado Policy Accelerator.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="ytLvzd">
Russia has repeatedly <a href="https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/russian-forces-face-stiff-resistance-ukraines-donbas-2022-05-31/">denied allegations of war crimes</a>. When confronted with individual incidents — like an <a href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/russian-attack-ukraine-chemical-plant-sievierodonetsk-b2091890.html">airstrike on a chemical plant in Sievierodonetsk Tuesday that sent huge plumes of nitric acid into the air</a> — pro-Moscow separatist authorities said the explosion occurred on Ukrainian-controlled land.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="LPCrlQ">
Omelyan said, from his position in the south, in areas Russia had bombarded or occupied, everything was destroyed. “Right now, it’s kind of the Sahara or a desert, without any glimpse of survivors, almost all buildings are bombed, the bridges are exploded, and the roads are badly damaged.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="QvHf5P">
Russian heavy artillery is also taking its toll on Ukrainian troops, who <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2022/06/01/briefing/russia-ukraine-war-military-morale-east-nuclear.html">are now suffering serious casualties and losses</a>. That has forced Ukrainians to give up <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2022/05/26/us/politics/zelensky-ukraine-war.html">some of its positions in the east</a>, and it may bruise the morale of the Ukrainian forces, as some of the euphoria around Ukraine’s early victories fades.
</p>
<div class="c-wide-block">
<figure class="e-image">
<img alt=" " src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/dKaLB3USOI-r2ZbR9Z_cPhdvllQ=/800x0/filters:no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23604444/AP22142459961196.jpg"/> <cite>Bernat Armangue/AP</cite>
<figcaption>
Two Ukrainian National Guard soldiers drink a shot to honor the memory of two late soldiers in a cemetery in Kharkiv, Ukraine, on May 22.
</figcaption>
</figure>
</div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="ttkPO1">
Russia’s strategy also comes with real costs. A Pentagon official told the New York Times that Russia’s <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2022/05/31/us/politics/russia-military-eastern-ukraine.html">“plodding and incremental”</a> pace has worn down the military, and Russia’s overall fighting capacity has diminished by about 20 percent. <a href="https://www.vox.com/2022/5/17/23037687/mariupol-evacuation-ukraine-russia">As in Mariupol,</a> Russia is still expending a lot of firepower and soldiers to take just one city. Russia’s singular focus on making these gains has also left some areas vulnerable, <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2022/05/31/us/politics/russia-military-eastern-ukraine.html">with Ukraine able to challenge control</a> of places like Kharkiv, and <a href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/world-news/2022/05/30/ukraine-launches-major-counteroffensive-against-russian-occupiers/">to attempt counteroffensives around Kherson</a>.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="rrKKz8">
And it is one thing for Russia to take territory. It is another thing to hold it. “Every new town that they control, they have to then also build a fence there, they have to leave soldiers there to prevent an insurgency and to counter attack,” Schlegel said. “And so every new place that they control also binds forces. Therefore, we cannot be sure whether they can hold this pace after Sievierdonestk.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="31s9v4">
Ukrainian civilians in Russian-controlled territory may also mount sustained resistance. In the Russian-held Melitopol, an explosion appeared to target the Russian-installed leader, which the Kremlin blamed on<a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2022/05/30/world/europe/melitopol-explosion.html"> “Ukrainian saboteurs.”</a> The former mayor of Melitopol, Ivan Fedorov, said <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2022/05/30/world/europe/melitopol-explosion.html">“the ground will burn”</a> in Melitopol until the Russians leave.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="yU0oc2">
So far, insurgency in Russian-controlled areas has been limited, but it is also very difficult to know what is happening in those areas. Russia’s campaign of devastation has forced tens of thousands of people to flee, and many of those left behind in Russian-controlled areas are often those too vulnerable to evacuate. It may take time, experts said, to rebuild some of these population centers to the point that an insurgency is possible.
</p>
<div class="c-wide-block">
<figure class="e-image">
<img alt=" " src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/jVCLDV9YIXv7saFt-Sjrq76u_OU=/800x0/filters:no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23604521/AP22151452888820.jpg"/> <cite>Francisco Seco/AP</cite>
<figcaption>
A volunteer helps a man leave his home after an overnight missile strike destroyed the building in Sloviansk, Ukraine, on May 31.
</figcaption>
</figure>
</div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="WGQJWr">
If an insurgency does happen, it will become extraordinarily costly for Russian troops and Ukrainian civilians alike. The Kremlin has a well-worn playbook on trying to coerce occupied populations into compliance through forced <a href="https://www.vox.com/23012456/ukraine-russia-war-disappearances-kidnappings">disappearances</a>, <a href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-61607410">torture</a>, and <a href="https://www.hrw.org/reports/2000/russia_chechnya3/chech-summary.htm">mass killings.</a> There is strong evidence that Russian forces committed <a href="https://apnews.com/article/russia-ukraine-europe-war-crimes-7791e247ce7087dddf64a2bbdcc5b888">war crimes<strong> </strong>in Ukraine</a>, <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2022/04/04/world/europe/bucha-ukraine-bodies.html">as in Bucha</a>. Such atrocities may be happening across the Donbas, too, just obscured because it is happening in places where Russia controls the information flow.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="9Rr6rX">
“Russians are either going to keep crawling forward slowly, or they’re going to hold and stabilize, and basically dig in defensively and start purging the local population they control,” said Reynolds. “That’s the trajectory we’re on.”
</p>
<div class="c-wide-block">
<figure class="e-image">
<img alt=" " src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/H8aZQFXGSv35TcBPPXx3g85U334=/800x0/filters:no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23605693/AP22152701257403a.jpg"/> <cite>Natacha Pisarenko/AP</cite>
<figcaption>
Russian Sgt. Vadim Shishimarin listens to his translator during his court hearing in Kyiv, Ukraine, on May 23. The court sentenced the 21-year-old soldier to life in prison for killing a Ukrainian civilian, in the first war crimes trial held since Russia’s invasion.
</figcaption>
</figure>
</div>
<h3 id="oPD1WZ">
Asking “how does it end?” for a war that’s not ending
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="3yHw40">
Russia has made progress in the east because it narrowed its campaign. It also outmatches Ukraine militarily with advanced weaponry and heavy artillery.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="8h6WVc">
Yes, Russia <a href="https://nypost.com/2022/05/05/russia-reportedly-loses-most-advanced-tank-in-ukraine/">has suffered really embarrassing losses</a>. <a href="https://www.npr.org/2022/05/25/1101166542/war-hacks-how-outgunned-ukraine-finds-ways-to-counter-russia">Ukraine has found ways to undermine Russia’s might</a>, and <a href="https://www.npr.org/2022/05/03/1096075494/a-closer-look-at-some-of-russias-military-failures-in-the-war-on-ukraine">Russia has found ways to undermine itself</a>. <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2022/06/02/opinion/russia-ukraine-war-nato.html">According to Andrea Kendall-Taylor and Michael Kofman</a>, Russia has lost approximately “25 percent of its active tank force, over 30 aircraft and more than 10,000 troops.” But Russia still has more of everything, both when it comes to advanced weaponry and equipment, <a href="https://www.newsweek.com/russia-old-tanks-soviet-t62-vulberable-attack-uk-british-intelligence-1710711">even if they’re coming out of storage.</a>
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="FJCCBi">
Ukraine has mounted a stunning and scrappy defense, fending off a full takeover of its territory. But as the war becomes entrenched in the east, Kyiv has lacked effective counteroffensives — that is, not just holding Russia off, but taking back what they’ve lost, either to pre-February 24 invasion boundaries, <a href="https://www.newsweek.com/russia-ukraine-kyiv-crimea-putin-zelensky-donbas-1708149">or beyond that</a>. The question is whether US and Western weapons, especially more advanced systems, might help sway that.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="osIxAs">
The US has provided billions in security assistance to Ukraine since the start of the war, from the anti-aircraft <a href="https://www.defense.gov/News/Releases/Release/Article/3027295/fact-sheet-on-us-security-assistance-for-ukraine/">Javelins to long-range weapons systems like Howitzers.</a> This week, President Joe Biden <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2022/05/31/us/politics/biden-ukraine-rockets.html">announced another $700 million in military aid</a> to Ukraine, including four High Mobility Artillery Rocket Systems, known as HIMARS, <a href="https://www.defense.gov/News/News-Stories/Article/Article/3050010/advanced-rocket-launcher-system-heads-to-ukraine/">which allows forces to launch multiple, precision-guided rockets</a>. Ukraine has been asking for these for a while, and they are the most advanced weapons delivered to date, <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/national-security/2022/06/01/himars-rockets-longrange-ukraine-biden/">though the US has limited its range to avoid Ukraine firing into Russian territory</a>. The UK is <a href="https://www.politico.com/news/2022/06/01/u-k-seeks-u-s-approval-to-send-rocket-system-to-ukraine-00036328">also requesting to send similar systems.</a>
</p>
<div class="c-wide-block">
<figure class="e-image">
<img alt=" " src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/qI7qLh7wERLglA5iXM7jhwu79og=/800x0/filters:no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23605752/GettyImages_1240918729.jpg"/> <cite>Maxym Marusenko/NurPhoto via Getty Images</cite>
<figcaption>
The recently-painted mural “St. Javelina,” a symbolic figure of a Madonna holding a US anti-tank missile “Javelin” system, is seen on the wall of an apartment block in Kyiv, Ukraine, on May 25.
</figcaption>
</figure>
</div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="AGZsx9">
In general, throughout the war, weapons deliveries from the West have tended to come in waves, and it takes time to deliver arms and artillery, to discreetly transport them amid a Russian offensive, to train Ukrainians on how they’re used, <a href="https://www.defense.gov/News/Releases/Release/Article/3027295/fact-sheet-on-us-security-assistance-for-ukraine/">who then need to go back and train the soldiers on the front</a>. (The Pentagon has said it will take <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/national-security/2022/06/01/himars-rockets-longrange-ukraine-biden/">about three weeks to train Ukrainian forces on HIMARS</a>.)
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="dNqvRV">
It’s also a lot harder to rapidly ramp up Ukrainian capabilities in the middle of an active war, where it’s very difficult to track where things are going and who is getting what and making sure it’s all working effectively. Even in the best of cases, it can take time for these weapons to start having an influence on the battlefield. “I was very happy recently to hear the voice of American music,” Omelyan said of the sound of <a href="https://www.defense.gov/News/News-Stories/Article/Article/3015463/m777-artillery-deliveries-should-help-ukraine-in-the-donbas-says-official/">M777 howitzers</a>, <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2022/05/23/world/europe/us-ukraine-howitzers.html">which started to make their way to the front lines in May</a>.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="uvXMfV">
Still, the costs of war are mounting. The humanitarian toll in Ukraine is devastating; more than 6 million people have fled Ukraine, and another 7 million are displaced internally, <a href="https://reliefweb.int/report/ukraine/ukraine-situation-report-3-jun-2022">according to the United Nations</a>. The United Nations has recorded more than 4,000 civilians killed since February 24, but the real figure is almost certainly much higher. The <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/jun/01/makeshift-graves-and-notes-on-doors-the-struggle-to-find-and-bury-mariupol-dead-ukraine#:~:text=The%20number%20of%20bodies%20in,total%20was%20closer%20to%2050%2C000.">mass graves in Mariupol</a> are just one chilling detail of the destruction Russia has wrought.
</p>
<div class="c-wide-block">
<figure class="e-image">
<img alt=" " src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/861EpZbV6NIfwjgG9k2kxfBoGVE=/800x0/filters:no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23605665/GettyImages_1241060998.jpg"/> <cite>AFP via Getty Images</cite>
<figcaption>
Fresh graves are marked with wooden stakes at a cemetery in Mariupol, Ukraine, on June 2.
</figcaption>
</figure>
</div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="begPj3">
Ukraine is also effectively<a href="https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2022/04/ukraine-economy-decline-war/"> under economic blockade</a> because of the Russian naval presence in the Black Sea. <a href="https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2022/04/ukraine-economy-decline-war/#:~:text=World%20Bank%3A%20Ukraine%20economy%20to%20contract%20by%2045%25%20in%202022,global%20slowdown%20and%20surging%20inflation.">Its economy has basically been slashed in half in 2022</a>, and the government requires economic assistance to stay afloat. “The big question is going to be will the economic aid keep coming,” Alperovitch said. “In some way it’s much easier to bring military aid, rocket systems, artillery, and the like. But writing checks for billions of dollars every month to sustain Ukraine because its economy is crippled by the blockade is a much harder sell to the population that is suffering from its own economic challenges.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="GnTJrM">
Russia has floated the idea of easing the blockade, and letting Ukrainian grain shipments go through the Black Sea, <a href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/russia-says-it-may-ease-ukraine-grain-blockade-in-return-for-sanctions-relief-11653488439">in exchange for relief from Western sanctions</a>. Ukrainian officials have been skeptical of such a bargain, and it will likely be very difficult for Western governments to make such a deal if Russia is actively still waging war in Ukraine. But that could change as the war drags on, and the economic fallout of the conflict becomes more painful for in the US, Europe, and the rest of the world.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="FUaRQR">
In many ways, this gets to the larger dilemma of finding a solution to end Russia’s war in Ukraine, especially as Moscow becomes more entrenched in the east: how to broker an end to the conflict that somehow avoids giving Putin what he wants. And if Putin gets what he wants, it will likely come at the expense of what Ukraine wants.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="YioLHZ">
Putin had to revise his initial war aim, but the gains Russia has made in the Donbas mean he could define what this “special military operation” has accomplished as a version of a victory. He can tell Russians that he has secured Crimea by effectively creating this land corridor that extends through eastern Ukraine, give or take a few towns or villages. He can say that he has “liberated” the Donbas. He can say that he destroyed Ukraine’s industry and infrastructure to the point that it can never rebuild its military. All of this was likely not worth the costs to Russia, but it is an available out for Putin, if he wants it.
</p>
<div class="c-wide-block">
<figure class="e-image">
<img alt=" " src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/NiTsNMQDbXSElAhBnde0aZf_7mU=/800x0/filters:no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23605844/AP22153545547233a.jpg"/> <cite>Bernat Armangue/AP</cite>
<figcaption>
Ukrainian servicemen park a Russian BMP-2, an infantry combat vehicle, in the Kharkiv region of eastern Ukraine on May 29. The Ukrainian military has been recovering abandoned Russian combat vehicles on the front lines to repair them and use them to their advantage.
</figcaption>
</figure>
</div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="6TkTWX">
But what of Ukraine? Zelenskyy and Biden (<a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2022/05/31/opinion/biden-ukraine-strategy.html">quoting Zelenskky, in a New York Times op-ed</a>) have said this war will end with a diplomatic settlement. Western support is an effort to help tip the outcome in favor of Ukraine. In public, Ukrainian officials have broadly opposed ceding any territory to Russia, and of abandoning Ukrainians in Russian-occupied areas. They believe the public is behind them. “Any politician that would try to bring such a deal with the Russians or whoever has no political future, I believe, and it’s very, very dangerous,” <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/washington-post-live/2022/06/01/transcript-world-stage-ukraine-with-sergiy-kyslytsya/">said Sergiy Kyslytsya, the Ukrainian ambassador to the United Nations,</a> at a Washington Post event this week.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="BzvBdz">
“The Ukrainians aren’t going to come to peace on those terms. For the Russians, just because they want to stop and draw new boundaries, they will face sustained conflict,” Reynolds said.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="zWxEhW">
This increases the prospect of a sustained conflict, especially as, right now, neither Russia nor Ukraine has an incentive to give up the fight. “I’m sure that this will end with Ukrainian victory,” Maryan Zablotskyy, a Ukrainian member of parliament, told Vox. “The simple reason is that Russia is on the wrong side, we are on the right side, and have the support from the West. The bigger question is probably: At which cost?”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="aQZkgd">
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="S98VAC">
</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-the-hindu-sports">From The Hindu: Sports</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Shooters Dhanush and Surabhi felicitated</strong> - Coach Gagan Narang’s efforts bear fruit</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>No dearth of tickets for Asian Cup</strong> -</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Mulani ready to shoulder Mumbai’s Ranji responsibility</strong> - All-rounder has had a wonderful season so far</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>French Open 2022 | Rafael Nadal aims to be oldest champion against pupil Casper Ruud</strong> - Victory will deliver a record-extending 22nd major and 14th French Open for Rafael Nadal.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Chennaiyin FC signs Monotosh Chakladar</strong> - Maiden ISL contract for 24-year-old Bengal captain</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-the-hindu-national-news">From The Hindu: National News</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Agrobiodiversity centre to celebrate silver jubilee</strong> - Institution has documented as many as 2,032 species of flowering plants in Wayanad</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Tobacco growers in Andhra Pradesh get record prices for low grade</strong> - The price of varieties which dropped to ₹50 a kg earlier, is now fetching ₹150</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Climate change hits cashew farmers</strong> - Rise in temperature, erratic rainfall affecting fruit-setting process</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Take risk-assessment based approach to tackle spike in COVID-19 cases: Union Health Secretary to TN</strong> - The State reported 659 new cases for the week ending June 3, 2022 accounting for 3.13% of the country's new cases.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Andhra Pradesh: Naidu blames Macherla MLA for ‘murder’ of TDP activist</strong> - He condemns arrest of party leaders on their way to attend Jalaiah’s last rites</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-bbc-europe">From BBC: Europe</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Russian man accused of Alexander Litvinenko killing dies of Covid-19</strong> - Dmitry Kovtun, one of two men the UK says were behind the poisoning, has died in Russia of Covid.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>War in Ukraine: We are holding on, say Mykolaiv residents</strong> - Residents in the southern region of Ukraine speak of their defiance and dread as the war rages on.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Ukraine war: Hungry Africans are victims of the conflict, Macky Sall tells Vladimir Putin</strong> - African Union head Macky Sall urges Russia’s president to ease grain and fertiliser exports.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Bavaria train crash: At least four killed in German rail accident</strong> - At least four people die and some 30 are injured after a train derails in the state of Bavaria.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Champions League final: Uefa apologises to Liverpool and Real Madrid fans</strong> - Uefa apologises to Liverpool and Real Madrid fans “who had to experience or witness frightening and distressing events” at last Saturday’s Champions League final.</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-ars-technica">From Ars Technica</h1>
<ul>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>The Super73 R Series e-bike is expensive, heavy, and extremely fun</strong> - Is it a motorcycle? A dirt bike? An e-bike? Whatever category you choose, it’s fun. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1857844">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Critical Atlassian 0-day is under active exploit. You’re patched, right?</strong> - Researchers who found vulnerability warn it’s “dangerous and trivially exploited.” - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1858307">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>US officials monitoring over 400 people for monkeypox; 21 cases confirmed</strong> - Transmission may have been occurring for longer than previously thought. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1858282">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>NY passes US-first moratorium on reviving fossil fuel plants to mine crypto</strong> - If signed by gov., bill would halt permits while state studies environmental impact. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1858208">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>New York state passes first electronics right-to-repair bill</strong> - Governor Hochul still has to sign the bill. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1858174">link</a></p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-jokes-subreddit">From Jokes Subreddit</h1>
<ul>
<li><strong>George raises his beer mug in the air and says, “Here’s to spending the rest of my life having sex with my wife!” The bar is filled with whistles and claps, and the bartender even gives him a ribbon that says, “Best Toast of the Month”.</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF -->
<div class="md">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
When George gets home, he shows his wife, Linda, the ribbon. “And what exactly was your award-winning toast?” she asks.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
George thinks for a while and says, “Here’s to spending the rest of my life going to church with my wife.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
The next day when George is at work, Linda is walking down the street when she runs into Ted, one of George’s drinking buddies. “Your husband sure gave an awesome toast last night!” says Ted.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
“I know!” replies Linda, “and he told me about it! It kind of surprised me because almost every time he goes down there, he falls asleep. A few weeks ago I had to pull him by the ear to get him to come.”
</p>
</div>
<!-- SC_ON -->
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/YZXFILE"> /u/YZXFILE </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/v4db5q/george_raises_his_beer_mug_in_the_air_and_says/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/v4db5q/george_raises_his_beer_mug_in_the_air_and_says/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
<li><strong>A little girl visits her grandpa in the hospital</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF -->
<div class="md">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
The little girl runs in sayin, “grandpa! Grandpa! Make a noise like a frog! Make a noise like a frog!
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
The grandpa says, “why sweetie?”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
The little girl starts begging, “please, please, please, make a noise like a frog grandpa. Please!”
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This goes on for a few minuets, then her mother walks in and sees this.
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Finally the grandpa goes, “why do you want me to make a frog noise sweetie?”
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The little girl says, “mama says as soon as you croak we’re going to Disneyland!”
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/ross-huntiongton-420"> /u/ross-huntiongton-420 </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/v4kdbj/a_little_girl_visits_her_grandpa_in_the_hospital/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/v4kdbj/a_little_girl_visits_her_grandpa_in_the_hospital/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
<li><strong>I went to a miniature wind turbine exhibition yesterday.</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF -->
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Got to say….not a big fan.
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/porichoygupto"> /u/porichoygupto </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/v4bzm9/i_went_to_a_miniature_wind_turbine_exhibition/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/v4bzm9/i_went_to_a_miniature_wind_turbine_exhibition/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
<li><strong>A suicide bomber training his new recruits:</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF -->
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“Okay, pay attention, I’m only going to show you this once”
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/maybelline10"> /u/maybelline10 </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/v4amfe/a_suicide_bomber_training_his_new_recruits/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/v4amfe/a_suicide_bomber_training_his_new_recruits/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
<li><strong>I gave my Marine buddy a gag gift.</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF -->
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I thought it would be funny to give him a 30 piece wooden jigsaw puzzle, intended for toddlers, as a birthday gift, but it backfired on me. Now, every time I see him, I have to listen to him brag about his puzzle skills.
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“The box says 2-4 years, but I finished it in only a week and a half!”
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/AlmostSane67"> /u/AlmostSane67 </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/v4ejd0/i_gave_my_marine_buddy_a_gag_gift/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/v4ejd0/i_gave_my_marine_buddy_a_gag_gift/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
</ul>
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