navan
/
Daily-Dose
mirror of https://github.com/navanchauhan/Daily-Dose.git
1
0
Fork 0
Code Issues Projects Releases Wiki Activity

Added daily report

This commit is contained in:
Navan Chauhan 2021-10-05 12:49:38 +00:00
parent a3cb2b1080
commit d35297cdb4
3 changed files with 984 additions and 2 deletions
Show Stats Download Patch File Download Diff File Expand all files Collapse all files

205
archive-covid-19/05 October, 2021.html Normal file
View File

@ -0,0 +1,205 @@
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="" xml:lang="" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head>
<meta charset="utf-8"/>
<meta content="pandoc" name="generator"/>
<meta content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0, user-scalable=yes" name="viewport"/>
<title>05 October, 2021</title>
<style type="text/css">
code{white-space: pre-wrap;}
span.smallcaps{font-variant: small-caps;}
span.underline{text-decoration: underline;}
div.column{display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; width: 50%;}
</style>
<title>Covid-19 Sentry</title><meta content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" name="viewport"/><link href="styles/simple.css" rel="stylesheet"/><link href="../styles/simple.css" rel="stylesheet"/><link href="https://unpkg.com/aos@2.3.1/dist/aos.css" rel="stylesheet"/><script src="https://unpkg.com/aos@2.3.1/dist/aos.js"></script></head>
<body>
<h1 data-aos="fade-down" id="covid-19-sentry">Covid-19 Sentry</h1>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" data-aos-anchor-placement="top-bottom" id="contents">Contents</h1>
<ul>
<li><a href="#from-preprints">From Preprints</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-clinical-trials">From Clinical Trials</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-pubmed">From PubMed</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-patent-search">From Patent Search</a></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-preprints">From Preprints</h1>
<ul>
<li><strong>Year-long COVID-19 infection reveals within-host evolution of SARS-CoV-2 in a patient with B cell depletion</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Background: B-cell depleting therapies may lead to protracted disease and prolonged viral shedding in individuals infected with SARS-CoV-2. Viral persistence in the setting of immunosuppression raises concern for viral evolution. Methods: Amplification of sub-genomic transcripts for the E gene (sgE) was done on nasopharyngeal samples over the course of 355 days in a patient infected with SARS-CoV-2 who had previously undergone CAR T cell therapy and had persistently positive SARS-CoV-2 nasopharyngeal swabs. Whole genome sequencing was performed on samples from the patients original presentation and 10 months later. Results: Over the course of almost a year, the virus accumulated a unique in-frame deletion in the amino-terminal domain of the spike protein, and complete deletion of ORF7b and ORF8, the first report of its kind in an immunocompromised patient. Also, minority variants that were identified in the early samples reflecting the heterogeneity of the initial infection were found to be fixed late in the infection. Remdesivir and high-titer convalescent plasma treatment were given, and the infection was eventually cleared after 335 days of infection. Conclusions: The unique viral mutations found in this study highlight the importance of analyzing viral evolution in protracted SARS-CoV-2 infection, especially in immunosuppressed hosts, and the implication of these mutations in the emergence of viral variants.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.02.21264267v1" target="_blank">Year-long COVID-19 infection reveals within-host evolution of SARS-CoV-2 in a patient with B cell depletion</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>CAN DISASTERS IMPROVE THE TOURISM INDUSTRY? The role of normative, cognitive and relational expectations in shaping industry response to disaster-induced disruption</strong> -
<div>
COVID-19 led to the hibernation of tourism activities globally, causing substantial economic loss and putting at risk the survival of many tourism businesses. At the same time, the reduction in travel activity led to an immediate and unprecedented reduction of global carbon emissions. Many academics argue that the tourism industry should be rebuilt in a more sustainable way post-COVID-19. Based on the sociological theory on response to disruption, the present study provides initial empirical evidence that long-lasting environmental benefits are unlikely to result from the pandemic. Recovery guidelines issued by the UNWTO and six member-based industry associations from different geographical locations and representing different types of tourism businesses form the basis of the empirical analysis. Member-based industry associations represent key information brokers during the pandemic; they convey information and advice to their member businesses. The result of the content analysis indicates the dominant impact of normative expectations, which exclusively focus on re-establishing the pre-COVID-19 status. While there is little indication that cognitive expectations – which view the pandemic as an opportunity to transform business operations to be more environmentally sustainable – will be leveraged. This stands in stark contrast to the collective hope that the tourism industry will become more sustainable after the pandemic.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://osf.io/preprints/socarxiv/4pgry/" target="_blank">CAN DISASTERS IMPROVE THE TOURISM INDUSTRY? The role of normative, cognitive and relational expectations in shaping industry response to disaster-induced disruption</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>IMPLEMENTATION OF FATWA ULAMA COUNCIL ACEH CONCERNING MAINTAINING FARDHU KIFAYAH FOR THE MUSLIM’S CORPSE INFECTED BY COVID 19 IN BANDA ACEH 2021</strong> -
<div>
Abstract: The phenomenon of the people who forcibly took covid’s corpse 19 from the hospital to be taken care of by Fardhu Kifayah by his family and the community, became a conclusion that there was community doubt about the management of Tajhiz Mayat conducted by the hospital. Coupled with the circulation of the video of the Ruku movement ’in the corpse prayer conducted by unscrupulous parties at the Hospital, became added doubts from the public against the hospital. To solve this problem, this research uses a Descriptive Analysis approach, namely by formulating a question, namely How to arrange Covid 19’s body in Banda Aceh and this question will be answered with several theories and data sets from the field. So it was concluded in a conclusion that answered the formulation of the problems mentioned. Theoretically the spread of covid 19 is very fast, the size of the virus is only 0.1 micrometer and is in body fluids, especially nasopharyngeal fluid and oropharyngeal fluids of infected people, fluids in the body of covid 19 bodies can get out through every gap of the body such as mouth, nose, eye and rectum, because it requires special techniques in its management. Fardhu kifayah to covid 19 bodies should be carried out by trained Ustad and trained health workers, so that the spread stopped. The results of this study concluded that the management of the Moslem bodies died at Zainal Abidin Hospital in Banda Aceh was in accordance with the Fatwa of the Aceh Ulama Council (MPU) and the bodies were handled by trained Ustad and health workers.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://osf.io/zu37t/" target="_blank">IMPLEMENTATION OF FATWA ULAMA COUNCIL ACEH CONCERNING MAINTAINING FARDHU KIFAYAH FOR THE MUSLIM’S CORPSE INFECTED BY COVID 19 IN BANDA ACEH 2021</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Why a Globally Fair COVID-19 Vaccination? An Analysis based on Agent-Based Simulation</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
In this paper, an Agent-Based Model (ABM) is proposed to evaluate the impact of COVID-19 vaccination drive in different settings. The main focus is to evaluate the counter-effectiveness of disparity in vaccination drive among different regions/countries. The model proposed is simple yet novel in the sense that it captures the spatial transmission-induced activity into consideration, through which we are able to relate the transmission model to the mutated variations of the virus. Some important what-if questions are asked in terms of the number of deaths, and time required and the percentage of the population needed to be vaccinated before the pandemic is eradicated. The simulation results have revealed that it is necessary to maintain a global (rather than regional or country-oriented) vaccination drive in case of a new pandemic or continual efforts against COVID-19.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html- link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.03.21264494v1" target="_blank">Why a Globally Fair COVID-19 Vaccination? An Analysis based on Agent-Based Simulation</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Humoral response to the BBIBP-CorV vaccine over time in healthcare workers with or without exposure to SARS-CoV-2</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
SARS-CoV-2-specific humoral response was analyzed over time in a group of healthcare workers with or without exposure to SARS-CoV-2, who underwent vaccination with BBIBP-CorV (Sinopharm) vaccine in Argentina. Seroconversion rates in unexposed subjects after the first and second doses were 40% and 100%, respectively, showing a significant increase in antibody concentrations from dose 1 to dose 2 (p&lt;0.0001). The highest antibody concentrations were found in younger subjects and women, remaining significantly associated in a multivariable linear regression model (p=0.005). A single dose of the BBIBP-CorV vaccine induced a strong antibody response in individuals with prior SARS- CoV-2infection, while a second dose did not increase this response. A sharp increase in antibody concentrations was observed following SARS-CoV-2 infection in those participants who became infected after the first and second doses (p=0.008). Individuals with SARS-CoV-2 exposure prior to vaccination showed significantly higher anti-spike IgG antibody levels, at all-time points, than those not exposed (p&lt;0.001). Higher antibody titers were induced by a single dose in previously SARS-CoV-2 infected individuals than those induced in naive subjects by two doses of the vaccine (p&lt;0.0001). Three months after the second dose both groups showed a decline in antibody levels, being more abrupt in unexposed subjects. Overall, our results showed a trend towards lower antibody concentrations over time following BBIBP-CorV vaccination. Sex and age seem to influence the magnitude of the humoral response in unexposed subjects while the combination of exposure to SARS-CoV-2 plus vaccination, whatever the sequence of the events was, produced a sharp increase in antibody levels. Evaluation of the humoral responses over time and the analysis of the induction and persistence of memory B and T cell responses, are needed to assess long-term immune protection induced by BBIBP-CorV vaccine.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.02.21264432v1" target="_blank">Humoral response to the BBIBP-CorV vaccine over time in healthcare workers with or without exposure to SARS-CoV-2</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>COVID-19 Vaccine: Newspaper Coverage of the side effects of the vaccine in Nigeria</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Abstract Background: COVID-19 Vaccine hesitancy is increasing globally, and this threatens the world ability to bring the pandemic under control. The way the media reports on the vaccine may influence or affect how the population perceive the safety and efficacy of the vaccine. Methods: The aim of this study was to determine how newspapers in Nigeria report stories about the vaccine and the side effects of the vaccine amidst the growing fear on the safety of the vaccine. A total of 4 national daily newspapers were randomly selected for the study. These are Leadership, Guardian, Nation and Punch newspapers. The study was anchored on agenda setting theory. Quantitative content analysis research was used for the study. The duration of the study was the day the vaccine was introduced in Nigeria: March 1st,2021 to July 31st, 2021. An Excel sheet served as the instrument for data collection and analysis done using SPSS version 25 with the level of significance predetermined at a p-value less than 0.05. Results: Key findings from this research were: Government officials and technical experts were predominantly used by the newspapers as the source of their information. There was a mixed reporting of vaccine side effects with a significant difference between those newspaper publications that reported vaccine side effects and those that did not. Amongst those that reported side effects, there was also a significant difference between those that communicated how and where to report the side effects as against those that did not. Conclusion: As part of the effort to curtail vaccine hesitancy, a continuous improvement in communicating the vaccine efficacy and safety is needed. Keywords: coverage; side-effects; newspaper, COVID-19; vaccine Nigeria;
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.02.21264454v1" target="_blank">COVID-19 Vaccine: Newspaper Coverage of the side effects of the vaccine in Nigeria</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Determination of utility of 3 minute and 6 minute walk tests in assessment of progression of mild COVID-19 infection at a tertiary hospital in North India</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Introduction: There have been 214 million confirmed cases of COVID-19 worldwide with a total death tally of 4.4 million. The current study aims to determine the predictive value of 3 minute and 6-minute walk tests in assessment of progression of mild COVID-19 infection at a tertiary care hospital in North India. Methods: The study population consisted of adults (age more than 18 years) with a confirmed diagnosis of Covid-19 by RT-PCR on nasopharyngeal specimens. Patients with only mild illness were enrolled. After the patients were admitted to the isolation ward, the presenting history, comorbidity status, vital signs and laboratory parameters were recorded. The 3 and 6 minute walk test was performed daily from admission till discharge or progression of severity of COVID-19 and it was used to calculate BDS and NEWS2 scores. Results: Our study consisted of 50 patients with 34 (68%) males and the mean (SD) age of the patient population being 28.1 (6.4) years. The most common symptoms were fever, sore throat, and cough. All laboratory parameters were within normal ranges for all the patients. 96% recovered without progression, while only 4% of them progressed to moderate illness. Results of the 3 and 6 minutes walk tests, BDS and NEWS2 scores showed improvement over the course of hospital stay. Conclusions: Although the walk tests and the scores improved over time, they failed to predict the disease progression.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.03.21264476v1" target="_blank">Determination of utility of 3 minute and 6 minute walk tests in assessment of progression of mild COVID-19 infection at a tertiary hospital in North India</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Unique Peptide Signatures Of SARS-CoV-2 Against Human Proteome Reveal Variants’ Immune Escape And Infectiveness</strong> -
<div>
SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has emerged the necessity of the identification of sequences sites in viral proteome appropriate as antigenic sites and treatment targets. In the present study, we apply a novel approach for deciphering the virus-host organism interaction, by analyzing the Unique Peptides of the virus with a minimum amino acid sequence length defined as Core Unique Peptides (CrUPs) not of the virus per se, but against the entire proteome of the host organism. The result of this approach is the identification of the CrUPs of the virus itself, which do not appear in the host organism proteome. Thereby, we analyzed the SARS-CoV-2 proteome for identification of CrUPs against the Human Proteome and they are defined as C/H-CrUPs. We found that SARS-CoV-2 include 7.503 C/H-CrUPs, with the SPIKE_SARS2 being the protein with the highest density of C/H-CrUPs. Extensive analysis indicated that the P681R mutation produces new C/H-CrUPs around the R685 cleavage site, while the L452R mutation induces the loss of antigenicity of the NF9 peptide and the strong(er) binding of the virus to ACE2 receptor protein. The simultaneous existence of these mutations in variants like Delta results in the immune escape of the virus, its massive entrance into the host cell, a notable increase in virus formation, and its massive release and thus elevated infectivity.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.03.462911v1" target="_blank">Unique Peptide Signatures Of SARS-CoV-2 Against Human Proteome Reveal Variants’ Immune Escape And Infectiveness</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Towards the global equilibrium of COVID-19: statistical analysis of country-level data</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Objectives: In our study, we explore the COVID-19 dynamics to test whether the virus has reached its equilibrium point and to identify the main factors explaining R and CFR variability across countries. Design: A retrospective study of publicly available country-level data. Setting: Fifty countries having the highest number of confirmed COVID–19 cases at the end of September 2021. Participants: Aggregated data including 213 976 306 COVID-19 cases confirmed in the selected fifty countries from the start of the epidemic to September 30, 2021. Primary and secondary outcome measures: The daily values of COVID-19 R and CFR measures were estimated using country-level data from the Our World in Data website. Results: The mean values of country–level moving averages of R and CFR went down from 1.118 and 6.3%, respectively, on June 30, 2020 to 1.083 and 3.6% on September 30, 2020 and to 1.015 and 1.8% by September 30, 2021. In parallel, the 10% to 90% inter-percentile range of R and CFR moving averages decreased from 0.288 and 13.3%, respectively, on June 30, 2020, to 0.151 and 7.7% on September 30, 2020, and to 0.107 and 3.3% by September 30, 2021. According to a comparison of the country–level 180–day moving averages of R and CFR calculated on September 30, 2021, an increase of 1% in the Delta variant share is associated with an increase of 0.0009 (95% CI 0.000 to 0.002) in the average Reproduction Number R, while an increase of 1% in the total percentage of confirmed COVID-19 cases per country9s population is associated with a decrease of 0.005 (95% CI 0.000 to 0.010) in the average R. Also, an increase of 1% in the total percentage of fully vaccinated people per country9s population is associated with a decrease of 0.04% (95% CI 0.01% to 0.06%) in the average CFR. Other virological, demographic, economic, immunization, or stringency factors were not statistically significantly associated with either R or CFR across the explored countries. Conclusions: The slow decrease in the country-level moving averages of R, approaching the level of 1.0 and accompanied by repeated outbreaks (“waves”) in various countries, may indicate that COVID-19 has reached its point of a stable endemic equilibrium. A regression analysis implies that only a prohibitively high level of herd immunity (about 63%) may stop the endemic by reaching a stable disease-free equilibrium. It also appears that fully vaccinating about 70% of a country9s population should be sufficient for bringing the CFR close to the level of a seasonal flu (about 0.1%). Thus, while the currently available vaccines prove to be effective in reducing the mortality from the existing COVID-19 variants, they are unlikely to stop the spread of the virus in the foreseeable future. It is noteworthy that no statistically significant effects of government measures restricting the people9s behavior (such as lockdowns) were found in the analyzed data.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.23.21262413v2" target="_blank">Towards the global equilibrium of COVID-19: statistical analysis of country-level data</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>In Vitro Activity of Cysteamine Against SARS-CoV-2 Variants Alpha, Beta, Gamma and Delta</strong> -
<div>
Global COVID-19 pandemic is caused by infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Continuous emergence of new variants and their rapid spread are jeopardizing vaccine countermeasures to a significant extent. While currently available vaccines are effective at preventing illness associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection, these have been shown to be less effective at preventing breakthrough infection and transmission from a vaccinated individual to others. Here we demonstrate broad antiviral activity of cysteamine HCl in vitro against variants of SARS- CoV-2 assayed in a highly permissible Vero cell line. Cysteamine HCl inhibited infection of alpha, beta, gamma and delta variants effectively and the inhibitory activity was shown to manifest during the early stages of viral infection. Cysteamine is a very well-tolerated US FDA-approved drug used chronically as a topical ophthalmic solution to treat ocular cystinosis in patients who receive it hourly or QID lifelong at concentrations 3 to 4 times higher than that required to inhibit SARS CoV-2 in tissue culture. Application of cysteamine as a topical nasal treatment can potentially : 1) mitigate existing infection 2) prevent infection in exposed individuals, and 3) limit the contagion in vulnerable populations.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.02.462862v1" target="_blank">In Vitro Activity of Cysteamine Against SARS-CoV-2 Variants Alpha, Beta, Gamma and Delta</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Structure selected RBM immunogens prime polyclonal memory responses that neutralize SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern</strong> -
<div>
Successful control of the COVID-19 pandemic depends on vaccines that prevent transmission. The full-length Spike protein is highly immunogenic but the majority of antibodies do not target the virus: ACE2 interface. In an effort to concentrate the antibody response to the receptor-binding motif (RBM) we generated a series of conformationally- constrained immunogens by inserting solvent-exposed RBM amino acid residues into hypervariable loops of an immunoglobulin molecule. Priming C57BL/6 mice with plasmid (p)DNA encoding these constructs yielded a rapid memory response to booster immunization with recombinant Spike protein. Immune sera antibodies bound strongly to the purified receptor-binding domain (RBD) and Spike proteins. pDNA primed for a consistent response with antibodies efficient at neutralizing authentic WA1 virus and two variants of concern (VOC), B.1.351 and B.1.617.2. These findings demonstrate that immunogens built on structure selection can focus the response to conserved sites of vulnerability shared between wildtype virus and VOCs and induce neutralizing antibodies across variants.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html- link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.01.462840v1" target="_blank">Structure selected RBM immunogens prime polyclonal memory responses that neutralize SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Hierarchical Gaussian Processes and Mixtures of Experts to Model COVID-19 Patient Trajectories</strong> -
<div>
Gaussian processes (GPs) are a versatile nonparametric model for nonlinear regression and have been widely used to study spatiotemporal phenomena. However, standard GPs offer limited interpretability and generalizability for datasets with naturally occurring hierarchies. With large-scale, rapidly-updating electronic health record (EHR) data, we want to study patient trajectories across diverse patient cohorts while preserving patient subgroup structure. In this work, we partition our cohort of over 2000 COVID-19 patients by sex and ethnicity. We develop and apply a hierarchical Gaussian process and a mixture of experts (MOE) hierarchical GP model to fit patient trajectories on clinical markers of disease progression. A case study for albumin, an effective predictor of COVID-19 patient outcomes, highlights the predictive performance of these models. These hierarchical spatiotemporal models of EHR data bring us a step closer toward our goal of building flexible approaches to capture patient data that can be used in real-time systems.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.01.462821v1" target="_blank">Hierarchical Gaussian Processes and Mixtures of Experts to Model COVID-19 Patient Trajectories</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Dynamic Allostery Highlights the Evolutionary Differences between the CoV-1 and CoV-2 Main Proteases</strong> -
<div>
The SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus has become one of the most immediate and widely-studied systems since its identification and subsequent global outbreak from 2019-2020. In an effort to understand the biophysical changes as a result of mutations, the mechanics of multiple different proteins within the SARS-CoV-2 virus have been studied and compared with SARS-CoV-1. Focusing on the main protease (mPro), we first explored the long range dynamic-relationship, particularly in cross-chain dynamics, using the Dynamic Coupling Index (DCI) to investigate the dynamic coupling between the catalytic site residues and the rest of the protein, both inter and intra chain for the CoV-1 and CoV-2 mPro. We found that there is significant cross-chain coupling between these active sites and distal residues in the CoV-2 mPro but it was missing in CoV-1. The enhanced long distance interactions, particularly between the two chains, suggest subsequently enhanced cooperativity for CoV-2. A further comparative analysis of the dynamic flexibility using the Dynamic Flexibility Index (DFI) between the CoV-1 and CoV-2 mPros shows that the inhibitor binding near active sites induces change in flexibility to a distal region of the protein, opposite in behavior between the two systems; this region becomes more flexible upon inhibitor binding in CoV-1 while it becomes less flexible in the CoV-2 mPro. Upon inspection, we show that, on average, the dynamic flexibility of the sites substituted from CoV-1 to CoV-2 changes significantly less than the average calculated across all residues within the structure, indicating that the differences in behaviors between the two systems is likely the result of allosteric influence, where the new substitutions in COV-2 induce flexibility and dynamical changes elsewhere in the structure.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.02.462863v1" target="_blank">Dynamic Allostery Highlights the Evolutionary Differences between the CoV-1 and CoV-2 Main Proteases</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>SARS-CoV-2 multi-variant graphene biosensor based on engineered dimeric ACE2 receptor</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Fast, reliable and point-of-care systems to detect the SARS-CoV-2 infection are crucial to contain viral spreading and to adopt timely clinical treatments. Many of the rapid detection tests currently in use are based on antibodies that bind viral proteins. However, newly appearing virus variants accumulate mutations in their RNA sequence and produce proteins, such as Spike, that may show reduced binding affinity to these diagnostic antibodies, resulting in less reliable tests and in the need for continuous update of the sensing systems. Here we propose a graphene field- effect transistor (gFET) biosensor which exploits the key interaction between the Spike protein and the human ACE2 receptor. This interaction is one of the determinants of host infections and indeed recently evolved Spike variants were shown to increase affinity for this receptor. Through extensive computational analyses we show that a chimeric ACE2-Fc construct mimics the ACE2 dimer, normally present on host cells membranes, better than its soluble truncated form. We demonstrate that ACE2-Fc functionalized gFET is effective for in vitro detection of Spike and outperforms the same chip functionalized with either a diagnostic antibody or the soluble ACE2. Our sensor is implemented in a portable, wireless, point-of-care device and successfully detected both alpha and gamma virus variants in patient clinical samples. As incomplete immunization, due to vaccine roll-out, may offer new selective grounds for antibody-escaping virus variants, our biosensor opens to a class of highly sensitive and variant-robust SARS-CoV-2 detection systems.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.02.21264210v1" target="_blank">SARS-CoV-2 multi-variant graphene biosensor based on engineered dimeric ACE2 receptor</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Frequency of surveillance testing necessary to reduce transmission of the Delta variant of SARS-CoV-2</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
We estimate the reduction in transmission of SARS-CoV-2 achievable by surveillance testing of a susceptible population at different frequencies, comparing the cases of both the original Wuhan strain and the Delta variant. We estimate the viral dynamics using viral copy number at first detection combined with considerations arising from aerosol transmission. We take into account the recent findings that infected vaccinated adults may have live viral loads at the same level as infected unvaccinated adults. Our estimates suggest that twice weekly testing, which was adequate for the original strains of SARS-CoV-2 will be insufficient on its own to contain the spread of the Delta variant of concern. We exclude consideration of contact tracing since the rapidity of the onset of viral titre in the case of the Delta variant suggests that unless contact tracing and quarantine are performed very rapidly (ie. much less than a day), these mitigations will be of minimal impact in reducing transmission. These crude estimates do not take into account heterogeneity of susceptibility, social activity, and compliance, nor do they include the additional reduction in transmission that could be achieved by masking and social distancing. In the setting of a large public university, these considerations suggest that risk-targeted testing of vaccinated students, staff and faculty combined with surveillance testing of all unvaccinated individuals is the most efficient way to reduce transmission of COVID-19.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.01.21262806v1" target="_blank">Frequency of surveillance testing necessary to reduce transmission of the Delta variant of SARS-CoV-2</a>
</div></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-clinical-trials">From Clinical Trials</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Prophylaxis of COVID-19 Disease With Ivermectin in COVID-19 Contact Persons [German: Prophylaxe Der COVID-19-Erkrankung Mit Ivermectin Bei COVID-19 Kontaktpersonen]</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   Covid19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Drug: Ivermectin;   Drug: Placebo<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:  <br/>
Infectopharm Arzneimittel GmbH;   GKM Gesellschaft für Therapieforschung mbH<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A Study of AZD1222, a Vaccine for the Prevention of COVID-19 in Immunocompromised Adults</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Biological: AZD1222<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:  <br/>
AstraZeneca<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>“Efesovir” (FS-1) for COVID-19, Phase 2</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   Covid19<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Drug: Efesovir<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Scientific Center for Anti-infectious Drugs, Kazakhstan<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>SARS-CoV-2 Infection in COVID-19 Vaccinated Patients</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Diagnostic Test: COVID-19 vaccinated people<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Hospices Civils de Lyon<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>The Development of a COVID19 Oral Vaccine Consisting of Bacillus Subtilis Spores</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19 Pneumonia<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Biological: Bacillus subtilis<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   DreamTec Research Limited<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Phase I/II of the Safety and Immunogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 Protein Subunit Recombinant Vaccine in Healthy Populations</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   Covid19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Biological: SARS-CoV-2 Protein Subunit Recombinant Vaccine;   Biological: SARS-CoV-2 Inactivated Vaccine<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   PT Bio Farma;   Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia;   National Institute of Health Research and Development, Ministry of Health Republic of Indonesia<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A Ph 2 Trial With an Oral Tableted COVID-19 Vaccine</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Drug: VXA-CoV2-1.1-S;   Other: Placebo Tablets<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Vaxart<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Test to Stay in School: COVID-19 Testing Following Exposure in School Communities</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   Covid19<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Other: COVID-19 Testing<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:  <br/>
Duke University<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>FLuticasone in cOvid Treatment (FLOT)</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   Covid19<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Drug: Fluticasone Propionate<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:  <br/>
University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Efficacy and Safety of Baricitinib in Patients With Moderate and Severe COVID-19</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   Covid19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Drug: Baricitinib;   Drug: Placebo<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:  <br/>
Incepta Pharmaceuticals Ltd<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Randomized Trial of COVID-19 Booster Vaccinations (Cobovax Study)</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19 Vaccination<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Biological: BNT162b2;   Biological: CoronaVac<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   The University of Hong Kong<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>RCT on the Efficacy of Dexamethasone Versus Methyl Prednisolone in Covid-19 Infected Patients With High Oxygen Flow</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19 Pandemic<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Drug: Dexamethasone;   Drug: Methylprednisolone<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Cairo University<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Third Dose of mRNA Vaccination to Boost COVID-19 Immunity</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID 19 Vaccine<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Biological: BNT162b2<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:  <br/>
The University of Hong Kong<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Safety, Tolerability and Efficacy of Uproleselan (GMI-1271) in Patients With COVID-19 Pneumonia</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19 Pneumonia<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Drug: Uproleselan<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:  <br/>
Lena Napolitano, MD;   GlycoMimetics Incorporated<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>EFFECTIVENESS, SAFETY AND IMMUNOGENICITY OF THE HALF DOSE OF THE VACCINE ChadOx1 nCoV-19 (AZD1222) for COVID-19</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   SARS-CoV-2<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Biological: Half dose of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (AZD1222);   Biological: Standard dose of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (AZD1222)<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   Federal University of Espirito Santo;   Instituto René Rachou/Fiocruz;   Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sérgio Arouca/Fiocruz;   Programa de Computação Científica/Fiocruz;   Escola Superior de Ciências da Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Vitória<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-pubmed">From PubMed</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A Combination of Receptor-Binding Domain and N-Terminal Domain Neutralizing Antibodies Limits the Generation of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Neutralization-Escape Mutants</strong> - Most known SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies (nAbs), including those approved by the FDA for emergency use, inhibit viral infection by targeting the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the spike (S) protein. Variants of concern (VOC) carrying mutations in the RBD or other regions of S reduce the effectiveness of many nAbs and vaccines by evading neutralization. Therefore, therapies that are less susceptible to resistance are urgently needed. Here, we characterized the memory B-cell repertoire of…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>In silico identification of SARS-CoV-2 cell entry inhibitors from selected natural antivirals</strong> - The aim of this study is to identify potential drug-like molecules against SARS-CoV-2 virus among the natural antiviral compounds published in the Encyclopedia of Traditional Chinese Medicine. To test inhibition capability of these compounds first, we docked them with Spike protein, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) (PDB ID: 6M0J) and neuropilin 1 (NRP1) (PDB ID: 7JJC) receptors, and found significant docking scores with extra precision up to -11 kcal/mol. Then, their stability in the…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Xuanfei Baidu Decoction protects against macrophages produced inflammation and pulmonary fibrosis via inhibiting IL-6/STAT3 signaling pathway</strong> - CONCLUSIONS: Xuanfei Baidu Decoction protects against macrophages produced inflammation and pulmonary fibrosis via inhibiting IL-6/STAT3 signaling pathway.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Computational and in vitro experimental analyses of the Anti-COVID-19 potential of Mortaparib and MortaparibPlus</strong> - COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 virus has become a global health emergency. Although new vaccines have been generated and being implicated, discovery and application of novel preventive and control measures are warranted. We aimed to identify compound/s that may possess the potential to either block the entry of virus to host cells or attenuate its replication upon infection. Using host cell surface receptor expression (Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and Transmembrane protease…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Higher rates of COVID-19 but less severe infections reported for patients on Dupilumab: a Big Data analysis of the World Health Organization VigiBase</strong> - CONCLUSIONS: Dupilumab use seems to reduce COVID-19 related severity. Further studies are needed to better understand the immunological mechanisms and clinical implications of these findings. Remarkably, the heterogenous nature of the reports and the database structure did not allow to establish a cause-effect link, but only an epidemiologically decreased risk in the patients subset treated with dupilumab.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Targeting cathepsins: A potential link between COVID-19 and associated neurological manifestations</strong> - Many studies have shown that the lysosomal cathepsins, especially cathepsins B/L (CTSB/L) are required for SARS-CoV-2 entry into host cells. Lysosomal proteases, cathepsins are indispensable for normal health and are involved in several brain disorders occurring at different development age periods. On the other hand, it has been well known that COVID-19 infection is largely associated with several neurological disorders. Taken together these findings and given the high levels of expression of…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>In Silico Investigation of Phytoconstituents of Medicinal Herb ‘Piper Longum’ Against SARS-CoV-2 by Molecular Docking and Molecular Dynamics Analysis</strong> - Unavailability of treatment for the SARS-CoV-2 virus has raised concern among the population worldwide. This has led to many attempts to find alternative options to prevent the infection of the disease, including focusing on vaccines and drugs. The use of natural products and herbal extracts can be a better option in beating the virus and boosting up immunity. In the present paper, we have done a systematic in silico study of papain-like protease of COVID-19 virus with the chemical constituents…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Dual-Antigen COVID-19 Vaccine Subcutaneous Prime Delivery With Oral Boosts Protects NHP Against SARS-CoV-2 Challenge</strong> - We have developed a dual-antigen COVID-19 vaccine incorporating genes for a modified SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (S-Fusion) and the viral nucleocapsid (N) protein with an Enhanced T-cell Stimulation Domain (N-ETSD) to increase the potential for MHC class II responses. The vaccine antigens are delivered by a human adenovirus serotype 5 platform, hAd5 [E1-, E2b-, E3-], previously demonstrated to be effective in the presence of Ad immunity. Vaccination of rhesus macaques with the hAd5 S-Fusion +…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Immunotherapy Summary for Cytokine Storm in COVID-19</strong> - COVID-19 pneumonia caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has ravaged the world, resulting in an alarming number of infections and deaths, and the number continues to increase. The pathogenesis caused by the novel coronavirus was found to be a disruption of the pro-inflammatory/anti-inflammatory response. Due to the lack of effective treatments, different strategies and treatment methods are still being researched, with the use of vaccines to make the body immune…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>SARS-CoV-2 Alpha, Beta and Delta variants display enhanced Spike-mediated Syncytia Formation</strong> - Severe COVID-19 is characterized by lung abnormalities, including the presence of syncytial pneumocytes. Syncytia form when SARS-CoV-2 spike protein expressed on the surface of infected cells interacts with the ACE2 receptor on neighbouring cells. The syncytia forming potential of spike variant proteins remain poorly characterized. Here, we first assessed Alpha (B.1.1.7) and Beta (B.1.351) spread and fusion in cell cultures, compared to the ancestral D614G strain. Alpha and Beta replicated…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Repurposing drug molecule against SARS-Cov-2 (COVID-19) through molecular docking and dynamics: a quick approach to pick FDA-approved drugs</strong> - A novel coronavirus known as severe acute respiratory syndrome is rapidly spreading worldwide. The international health authorities are putting all their efforts on quick diagnosis and placing the patients in quarantine. Although different vaccines have come for quick use as prophylactics, drug repurposing seems to be of paramount importance because of inefficient therapeutic options and clinical trial limitations. Here, we used structure-based drug designing approach to find and check the…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Cell death and pathological findings of the spleen in COVID-19 patients</strong> - The coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19) is recognized as systemic inflammatory response syndrome. It was demonstrated that a rapid increase of cytokines in the serum of COVID-19 patients is associated with the severity of disease. However, the mechanisms of the cytokine release are not clear. By using immunofluorescence staining we found that the number of CD11b positive immune cells including macrophages in the spleens of died COVID-19 patients, was significantly higher than that of the control…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Cytokine storm in the pathophysiology of COVID-19: Possible functional disturbances of miRNAs</strong> - SARS-CoV-2, as the causative agent of COVID-19, is an enveloped positives-sense single-stranded RNA virus that belongs to the Beta-CoVs sub-family. A sophisticated hyper-inflammatory reaction named cytokine storm is occurred in patients with severe/critical COVID-19, following an imbalance in immune-inflammatory processes and inhibition of antiviral responses by SARS-CoV-2, which leads to pulmonary failure, ARDS, and death. The miRNAs are small non-coding RNAs with an average length of 22…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Rapid antibody testing for SARS-CoV-2 vaccine response in pediatric healthcare workers</strong> - CONCLUSION: The strong agreement between the rapid RightSign IgG results and confirmatory CI-ELISA testing suggests this test may be used to assess for positive, and neutralizing, antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Qualification of ELISA and neutralization methodologies to measure SARS-CoV-2 humoral immunity using human clinical samples</strong> - In response to the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic many vaccines have been developed and evaluated in human clinical trials. The humoral immune response magnitude, composition and efficacy of neutralizing SARS-CoV-2 are essential endpoints for these trials. Robust assays that are reproducibly precise, linear, and specific for SARS-CoV-2 antigens would be beneficial for the vaccine pipeline. In this work we describe the methodologies and clinical qualification of three SARS-CoV-2 endpoint assays. We…</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-patent-search">From Patent Search</h1>
<ul>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>스몰 RNA 검출 방법</strong> - 본 발명은 스몰(small) RNA의 분석 및 검출 방법에 관한 것이다. 특히, 본 발명은 짧은 염기서열의 RNA까지 분석이 가능하면서도 높은 민감도 및 정확도로 정량적 검출까지 가능하여 감염증, 암 등 여러 질환의 진단 용도로도 널리 활용될 수 있다. - <a href="https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=KR336674313">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>MACHINE LEARNING TECHNIQUE TO ANALYSE THE CONDITION OF COVID-19 PATIENTS BASED ON THEIR SATURATION LEVELS</strong> - - <a href="https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=AU335054861">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>单克隆抗体32C7及其制备方法和用途</strong> - 本发明公开了单克隆抗体32C7及其制备方法和用途。本发明通过制备针对于新冠病毒RBD结构域的中和抗体32C7，在体外通过表面等离子共振检测抗体32C7可以有效地与新冠病毒的S蛋白的RBD结构域结合，通过转基因小鼠感染模型验证了抗体32C7的中和能力，测定了中和抗体32C7对于新冠感染后的肺部病毒滴度和相关炎症因子的抑制效果，结果显示该中和抗体能够明显的抑制病毒在体内的复制并降低炎症因子的产生和肺部炎症浸润。单克隆中和抗体32C7抑制新冠病毒的进入宿主细胞，达到新冠病毒中和抗体的治疗作用，可有效用于治疗或者预防新冠病毒感染引起的呼吸系统损伤。 - <a href="https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=CN336730149">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>单克隆抗体35B5及其制备方法和用途</strong> - 本发明公开了单克隆抗体35B5及其制备方法和用途。本发明通过制备针对于新冠病毒RBD结构域的中和抗体35B5，在体外通过表面等离子共振检测抗体35B5可以有效地与新冠病毒的S蛋白的RBD结构域结合，通过转基因小鼠感染模型验证了抗体35B5的中和能力，测定了中和抗体35B5对于新冠感染后的肺部病毒滴度和相关炎症因子的抑制效果，结果显示该中和抗体能够明显的抑制病毒在体内的复制并降低炎症因子的产生和肺部炎症浸润。单克隆中和抗体35B5抑制新冠病毒的进入宿主细胞，达到新冠病毒中和抗体的治疗作用，可有效用于治疗或者预防新冠病毒感染引起的呼吸系统损伤。 - <a href="https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=CN336730150">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A HERB BASED COMPOSITION ANTI VIRAL MEDICINE FOR TREATMENT OF SARS COV 2 AND A METHOD FOR TREATING A PERSON INFECTED BY THE SARS COV 2 VIRUS</strong> - A Herbal composition, viz., PONNU MARUNTHU essentially comprising of ALLUIUM CEPA extract. [concentrated to 30%] 75%, SAPINDUS MUKOROSSI - extract [Optimised] 10%, CITRUS X LIMON - extract in its natural form 05 TRACYSPERMUM AMMI (L) – extract 07%,ROSA HYBRIDA - extract 03%, PONNU MARUNTHU solution 50 ml, or as a capsulated PONNU MARUNTHU can be given to SARS cov2 positive Patients, three times a day that is ½ an hour before food; continued for 3 days to 5 days and further taking it for 2 days if need be there; It will completely cure a person. When the SARS cov2 test shows negative this medicine can be discontinued. This indigenous medicine and method for treating a person inflicted with SARS COV 2 viral infection is quite effective in achieving of much needed remedy for the patients and saving precious lives from the pangs of death and ensuring better health of people. - <a href="https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=IN334865051">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>治疗或预防新冠病毒的靶点</strong> - 本发明提供一种蛋白片段，是如下至少一种：A1)氨基酸酸序列如SEQ ID NO.1所示；A2）氨基酸序列如SEQ ID NO.1第12位‑34位所示；A3）将A1)的蛋白片段的第18、19、28和29位中的任意一个或几个氨基酸残基经过一个或几个氨基酸残基的取代、缺失、添加得到的与A1)所示的蛋白片段具有90％以上的同一性的蛋白片段；A4）氨基酸酸序列如SEQ ID NO.2所示；A5）氨基酸序列如SEQ ID NO.2第32‑41位所示；A6）将A4)的蛋白片段的第35和36位中的任意1个或2个氨基酸残基经过一个或几个氨基酸残基的取代、缺失、添加得到的与A4)所示的蛋白片段具有90％以上的同一性的蛋白片段。 - <a href="https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=CN336197499">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Anti-Sars-Cov-2 Neutralizing Antibodies</strong> - - <a href="https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=AU333857732">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Expression Vector for Anti-Sars-Cov-2 Neutralizing Antibodies</strong> - - <a href="https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=AU333857737">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>DEVELOPMENT OF CNN SCHEME FOR COVID-19 DISEASE DETECTION USING CHEST RADIOGRAPH</strong> - - <a href="https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=AU333857177">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>一种S1F-AXL复合物、试剂盒和检测该复合物的方法及应用</strong> - 本发明公开了一种S1F‑AXL复合物、试剂盒和检测该复合物的方法及应用。所述试剂盒包含S1F多肽和AXL多肽，以S1F多肽、AXL多肽中的一种作为包被底物；所述S1F多肽和所述AXL多肽中至少一种为具有缀合标签的糖基化多肽，还包括具有微孔的微量滴定板、标记底物标记的抗标签特异性抗体、HRP偶联的二抗、洗涤缓冲液、标记底物反应液、反应终止液。所述检测S1F‑AXL复合物的试剂盒，通过测量标记的信号特征，检测S1F‑AXL复合物的结合亲和力，还可以用于检测来自怀疑感染了SARS‑CoV‑2(Covid‑19)的受试者的生物样品中的病毒。 - <a href="https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=CN336197006">link</a></p></li>
</ul>
<script>AOS.init();</script></body></html>

777
archive-daily-dose/05 October, 2021.html Normal file
View File

@ -0,0 +1,777 @@
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="" xml:lang="" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head>
<meta charset="utf-8"/>
<meta content="pandoc" name="generator"/>
<meta content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0, user-scalable=yes" name="viewport"/>
<title>05 October, 2021</title>
<style type="text/css">
code{white-space: pre-wrap;}
span.smallcaps{font-variant: small-caps;}
span.underline{text-decoration: underline;}
div.column{display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; width: 50%;}
</style>
<title>Daily-Dose</title><meta content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" name="viewport"/><link href="styles/simple.css" rel="stylesheet"/><link href="../styles/simple.css" rel="stylesheet"/><style>*{overflow-x:hidden;}</style><link href="https://unpkg.com/aos@2.3.1/dist/aos.css" rel="stylesheet"/><script src="https://unpkg.com/aos@2.3.1/dist/aos.js"></script></head>
<body>
<h1 data-aos="fade-down" id="daily-dose">Daily-Dose</h1>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" data-aos-anchor-placement="top-bottom" id="contents">Contents</h1>
<ul>
<li><a href="#from-new-yorker">From New Yorker</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-vox">From Vox</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-the-hindu-sports">From The Hindu: Sports</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-the-hindu-national-news">From The Hindu: National News</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-bbc-europe">From BBC: Europe</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-ars-technica">From Ars Technica</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-jokes-subreddit">From Jokes Subreddit</a></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-new-yorker">From New Yorker</h1>
<ul>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Why Republicans Are Still Recounting Votes</strong> - The point of the so-called audits is not so much to delegitimize the past election as it is to normalize unnecessary reviews of future ones—including, perhaps, a 2024 race in which Trump’s name may be on the ballot. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2021/10/11/why-republicans-are-still-recounting-votes">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>The Fate of Afghanistan and the Measure of American Culpability</strong> - Watch highlights from the latest New Yorker Live, where writers and editors considered the chaotic U.S. withdrawal and the return of the Taliban. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/news-desk/the-new-yorker-live-the-future-of-afghanistan">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>The Labour Party Is Britain’s Lost Opposition</strong> - Boris Johnson’s government has been a reckless failure, but Keir Starmer, Labour’s new leader, hasn’t offered a convincing alternative. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/letter-from-the-uk/the-labour-party-is-britains-lost-opposition">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>“Simply Black,” Reviewed: An Urgent Mockumentary About Racial Politics in France</strong> - Jean-Pascal Zadi, the co-director and star, uses satirical celebrity portraits to expose the exclusions from French life that even prosperous Black people endure. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/culture/the-front-row/simply-black-reviewed-an-urgent-mockumentary-about-racial-%20politics-in-france">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>The Road to Tyranny, a Graphic Narrative</strong> - An artist illustrates Timothy Snyder’s treatise on combatting autocracy. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/culture/culture-desk/the-road-to-tyranny-a-graphic-narrative">link</a></p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-vox">From Vox</h1>
<ul>
<li><strong>Every version of the Monica Lewinsky story reveals America’s failure of empathy</strong> -
<figure>
<img alt="" src="https://cdn.vox-
cdn.com/thumbor/cJgeuKdUK7jzl5rToKxKY0GQI8g=/375x0:2626x1688/1310x983/cdn.vox-
cdn.com/uploads/chorus_image/image/69952973/PURITY_lewinsky_FFR_100221.0.jpg"/>
<figcaption>
<a class="ql-link" href="https://elianarodgers.com/" target="_blank">Eliana Rodgers</a> for Vox
</figcaption>
</figure>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Twenty- three years later, the Clinton-Lewinsky scandal is a tale of cultural sadism.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="qaZQAX">
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="z11SAG">
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="4RxArQ">
All famous women are symbols of something in American pop culture. But Monica Lewinsky is singular for being, among other things, a symbol of a symbol.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="ymwuV4">
When the story broke in 1998 that President Bill Clinton had carried out an affair with young former White House intern Monica Lewinsky, the media eagerly prepared to make Lewinsky the face of the scandal. In newspapers and on cable news and talk shows she became, variously, a slut, an innocent victim, a liberated woman, someone sexy, someone fat, someone feminine, someone unwomanly. Her name became synonymous with a sex act. Her humiliation became a national spectacle.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="xy2j9o">
“I became a social representation,” <a href="https://www.vanityfair.com/style/society/2014/06/monica-lewinsky-humiliation-
culture">Lewinsky would later write</a> for Vanity Fair, “a social canvas on which anybody could project their confusion about women, sex, infidelity, politics, and body issues.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="LvO4rj">
With that essay, Lewinsky also became one of the first people to help construct the framework for our current reevaluation of the mores of the ’90s and 2000s. In 2014, she reemerged into public view as an anti-bullying advocate, first with <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H_8y0WLm78U">a well-received TED talk</a> and then with the Vanity Fair article, in both, asking the country to reconsider its eagerness to shame her.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="ITpUqg">
In the public eye, <a href="https://www.vanityfair.com/style/society/2014/06/monica-lewinsky-humiliation-culture">Lewinsky wrote</a>, she had become, “America’s B.J. Queen. That Intern. That Vixen. Or, in the inescapable phrase of our 42nd president, ‘That Woman.’” But, she added, “It may surprise you to learn that I’m actually a person.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="ShVUgT">
Many reacted with a surprising amount of remorse. “I started to feel bad,” <a href="https://time.com/100887/david-letterman-barbara-
walters-monica-lewinsky/">David Letterman said on the air</a> after he read Lewinsky’s Vanity Fair article. “Because myself and other people with shows like this made relentless jokes about the poor woman. And she was a kid, she was 21,</p></li>
</ul>
<ol start="22" type="1">
<li>… I feel bad about my role in helping push the humiliation to the point of suffocation.”
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"></p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="yzBWyP">
Lewinsky had made a mistake, the consensus came to be, but that was no excuse for the way the world humiliated her. People should be allowed to make mistakes when they’re 22 without becoming the object of vicious scorn the way she did.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="6J2Djb">
As the Me Too movement took off in 2017, the Monica Lewinsky story evolved once again, and Lewinsky became a symbol of how liberals got feminism wrong in 1998. The new line of thinking was that responsibility for the mistake had rested with Bill Clinton all along. He was the one who had all the power in his relationship with Lewinsky. He was the leader of the free world, and she was a 22-year-old intern. He was the one who had a responsibility not to pursue a relationship with her. The fact that he did anyway was an abuse of his power.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="jHRBR9">
“Fifty-something leaders of organizations shouldn’t be carrying on affairs with interns who work for them,” <a href="https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2017/11/15/16634776/clinton-lewinsky-resigned">wrote Matthew Yglesias for Vox in 2017</a>, “regardless of whether the affair is in some sense consensual.” Clinton, Yglesias argued, should have resigned.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="uelQsK">
Part of this more recent consensus is the idea that liberals and feminists got it wrong back in 1998 by rallying behind Clinton instead of publicly supporting Lewinsky, that they focused all their attention on the fact that Lewinsky said the affair was consensual rather than on the vast power disparity between Clinton and Lewinsky. Back then, we didn’t really understand about power and consent, but now we do, because as a culture we have gotten better. That has come to be the new conventional wisdom about the Clinton-Lewinsky scandal.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="AVdukp">
However, if we revisit the reactions people had to Monica Lewinsky in 1998, it becomes clear that few were actually ignoring that power disparity back then. It was central to the story being told about Monica Lewinsky, though the associations it carried were far different from those it carries today.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="sjeTK1">
“Readers of Kenneth Starr’s report,” <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/politics/special/clinton/stories/monica091498.htm">the Washington Post opined in September 1998</a>, shortly after independent counsel Ken Starr released the infamous details of his investigation into Clinton, “imagine her as the star of either ‘Fatal Attraction’ or ‘Seduced and Abandoned’ — or ‘Dumb and Dumber.’” Starr’s 453-page report went into explicit detail about the sexual relationship between Clinton and Lewinsky in a “blow-by-blow account,” as contemporary commenters were prone to note with a chuckle. And the Post was correct in its summary of the Starr report’s reception: Those movie narratives were the dominant reads playing across America at the time.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="CHyEbU">
But regardless of whether you’re reading her as the star of <em>Fatal Attraction</em>, <em>Seduced and Abandoned</em>, or <em>Dumb and Dumber</em>, it’s obvious Lewinsky isn’t a wicked and powerful seductress. She’s very clearly the one with no power. That’s part of what made the story so salacious, according to the mores of the time, and Lewinsky’s humiliation so delicious as well.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="IPS8Mn">
From the vantage point of 2021, Lewinsky’s comparative powerlessness makes her a clear victim in Interngate — mostly. In contrast, the media narratives of the late ’90s, both feminist and anti-feminist, translated Lewinsky’s comparative powerlessness into an ever-shifting status of submissive slut, innocent victim, liberated woman, and unwomanly shrew.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="ZHcpgV">
As we track the way those narratives played out in the press throughout the late ’90s, we can see the way our culture has evolved since 1998. What’s changed, however, is not that we’ve all developed a better understanding of how to read shifting power dynamics; instead, we’ve honed our ability to read the sadism and the misogyny of our first impulsive reactions to those dynamics.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="scH7VP">
Here’s how the public in 1998 interpreted the fact of Monica Lewinsky’s powerlessness — and how those interpretations continue to operate subliminally in the ways we talk about Lewinsky today.
</p>
<figure class="e-image">
<img alt=" " src="https://cdn.vox-
cdn.com/thumbor/4W5wGIoIPwjo9DwlOAESyC_eRas=/800x0/filters:no_upscale()/cdn.vox-
cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22885432/153390117.jpg"/> <cite>Margaret Norton/NBCU Photo Bank/NBCUniversal via Getty Images</cite>
<figcaption>
Jay Leno sitting before a picture of Monica Lewinsky on <em>The Tonight Show</em>, July 24, 1998.
</figcaption>
</figure>
<h3 id="PBFLKE">
Narrative 1: Lewinsky was the one with no power, which made her a stupid, submissive slut unworthy of respect
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="gb1sXs">
The right-leaning<strong> </strong>Drudge Report was the outlet that broke the story of the Clinton-Lewinsky scandal. And its founder, Matt Drudge, had a very clear sense of what Lewinsky’s place in the story was.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="qDcDRV">
Lewinsky was, <a href="http://drudgereportarchives.com/data/2002/01/17/20020117_175502_ml.htm">Drudge reported</a> in January 1998, “a young woman, 23, sexually involved with the love of her life, the President of the United States, since she was a 21-year-old intern at the White House. She was a frequent visitor to a small study just off the Oval Office where she claims to have indulged the president’s sexual preference.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="XqNzjy">
The narrative this report sets is almost pornographic in its erasure of Lewinsky’s personhood. She exists in this story solely to “indulge the president’s sexual preference,” with the only nod to her personality being that she considers the president “the love of her life.” She is, in this framing, powerless and easily manipulated — and therefore ripe for mockery.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="AxkNdS">
The public happily followed Drudge’s lead and set to mocking Lewinsky, creating what would become the dominant cultural narrative of the moment.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="9qYMHt">
In a man-on-the-street report, <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-
srv/politics/special/clinton/stories/monica091498.htm">the Washington Post spoke to women</a> who called Lewinsky “a naive little ho, actually,” and a “spotlight vampire.” <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-
srv/politics/special/clinton/stories/women091498.htm">Another Washington Post report</a> quoted a woman who said of Lewinsky, “We all know the profile — a little fat girl out there trying to seduce powerful men.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="aNfl0O">
“Hey look at me, I’m Monica Lewinsky,” <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QL5Nn3bwdIA">began a jingle on Howard Stern’s radio show</a>. “They print pictures of my fat face and my ’do. Though I’ve barely finished school, I still know the golden rule: Do unto others then have them do you too.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="GQLPFZ">
This early narrative was durable enough that versions of it were able to persist well past the beginning of Lewinsky’s redemption. “She’s America’s favorite beret-wearing former intern, whose very name has become a synonym for a sex act she eagerly performed on her knees, a dame who rocketed to fame for failing to dry-clean a blue dress stained with the seed of the then-leader of the free world,” <a href="https://nypost.com/2014/05/07/a-plea-for-self-pitying-tone-deaf-monica-lewinsky-to-go-away/">wrote Andrea Peyser in the New York Post in 2014</a>, after Lewinsky’s Vanity Fair article was published. “Now, Lewinsky, 40, wants our pity and, perhaps, a job she can perform while sitting upright. And — drum roll, please — she doesn’t blame former President Bill Clinton, the alpha male before whom she famously knelt.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="nvH88u">
There’s a sort of <a href="https://www.scu.edu/ethics/ethics-resources/ethical-decision-making/the-just-world-theory/">just world fallacy</a> at the center of this narrative: Lewinsky allowed herself to be treated badly by the president, therefore she deserved to be treated badly, so therefore we should treat her badly. Lewinsky, through her powerlessness, identified herself as an acceptable target for our culture’s sadism, and thus it was appropriate for us to direct it at her. She had it coming.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="jegFCB">
This version of the story is the one we are mostly thinking about when we suggest that American culture has moved past such outright vicious cruelty in the years since 1998. But there were other versions of the story floating around at the same time.
</p>
<figure class="e-image">
<img alt=" " src="https://cdn.vox-
cdn.com/thumbor/7Sk2MqWFOfUdXNgBbCi196q9-Vs=/800x0/filters:no_upscale()/cdn.vox-
cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22885440/109895793.jpg"/> <cite>Craig Herndon/The Washington Post via Getty Images</cite>
<figcaption>
Monica Lewinsky leaves the US District Courthouse with her attorneys on August 6, 1998.
</figcaption>
</figure>
<h3 id="qg0q1f">
Narrative 2: Lewinsky was the one with no power, which made her a victim who deserved our sympathy
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="a7SElg">
The idea that Lewinsky’s comparative powerlessness makes her a victim of the Clinton-Lewinsky scandal has become the dominant narrative of our own era. It also existed in 1998, albeit as a minority view.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="RzyE1O">
It was, strikingly, a viewpoint held both by feminists on the left, where the opinion was politically unhelpful and hence unpopular, and by the conservative religious right, where the opinion was politically very useful indeed.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="5CZaYW">
Linda Hirshman, a feminist<strong> </strong>lawyer and professor of philosophy and women’s studies, called on Clinton to resign at the time, citing the fraught power dynamic between Clinton and Lewinsky and the idea that the relationship would have been inherently damaging to Lewinsky.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="uiYOIz">
“I think it’s wrong,” <a href="https://www.democracynow.org/1998/1/26/clinton_and_packwood">Hirshman said</a> on the radio program <em>Democracy Now</em> in 1998. “I think the fact that presidents have done it since the beginning of the republic is not an excuse. … The ways he interacted with her, if it’s true, is indeed a violation of our contemporary ideas about the moral and proper way to deal with other human beings in our world.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="VWChvr">
“You don’t have such fraught relationships with people who are so fragile,” <a href="https://slate.com/news-
and-politics/2018/09/slow-burn-season-2-episode-7-transcript.html">Hirshman told Slate’s <em>Slow Burn</em> podcast in 2018</a>. “I just went back to her grand jury testimony, and it is really wrenching. I mean, and what her friends were saying at the time, and what her mother was saying. Obviously there was available to objective observers evidence of how painful this was for her no matter what she was saying about how she was fine. Any mother of a teenage daughter knows that they’ll always say they’re fine.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="q4FByT">
In that viewpoint, Hirshman found an unlikely ally in conservative then-Sen.<strong> </strong>John Ashcroft. In her 1998 <em>Democracy Now</em> interview, she approvingly cited Ashcroft’s analysis of the power dynamics at hand. “Ashcroft was on the news yesterday, saying — I thought quite movingly and convincingly,” she said, “that the disproportion of power between the chief executive of the United States, a notoriously and legendarily persuasive Bill Clinton, on the one hand, and a young woman two months out of college on the other, would at least give you some pause.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="9G830a">
Notably, this argument didn’t exist only on the right and in the extreme reaches of feminist discourse. Other feminists made similar cases.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="GLfOlb">
“<em>Clearly</em> the Monica Lewinsky scandal is not a case of illegal sexual harassment,” columnist <a href="https://www.vanityfair.com/magazine/1998/05/williams199805">Marjorie Williams allowed in Vanity Fair in 1998</a>. There had been no quid pro quo; Lewinsky had by her own account consented. “But if Clinton had the relationship with her that the available evidence suggests he had, it flew in the face of the law’s spirit and reasoning.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="GR4uod">
Williams considered the willingness of mainstream feminists to stand by Clinton, and especially the common feminist argument that Clinton’s marriage to the brilliant Hillary Clinton showed him to be a friend to women, to be a betrayal of the cause. “There’s an awful affront to women in the apparently sharp distinctions that Clinton draws between the kind of woman you marry and the kind of woman you seek out for pleasure,” Williams wrote. “We were supposed to be doing away with the Madonna and the whore — or at least trying to integrate them.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="JwUWHi">
Clinton also faced disapproval from women within his administration. At a private Cabinet meeting in September 1998, Health and Human Services Secretary Donna Shalala <a href="https://www.cnn.com/ALLPOLITICS/stories/1998/09/11/cabinet.reax/">spoke out against Clinton’s actions</a> directly to his face. Shalala was a former college president, <a href="https://slate.com/news-and-politics/2018/09/slow-burn-season-2-episode-7-transcript.html">she explained to <em>Slow Burn</em> in 2018</a>, and she used to fire people for doing more or less what Clinton had done to Lewinsky.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="TxV3Ko">
“If you’re a college president, the last thing you do is let people hit on students,” <a href="https://slate.com/news-and-politics/2018/09/slow-burn-season-2-episode-7-transcript.html">she said</a>. “I mean, we have rules about these things. And it was just unacceptable, and everybody was being a bit of an apologist for him in the room and I just blew up.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="9YqSrC">
In August 1998, one of Clinton’s supporters in Congress vented on the issue to <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/1998/08/19/opinion/liberties-saturday-night-bill.html">New York Times columnist Maureen Dowd</a>. “It’s the grossest kind of infidelity,” the anonymous woman said, “just sheer constant physical relief and satisfaction, really using in the crudest way somebody who was obviously extraordinarily gullible and obviously madly in love with him, somebody who would have done anything for him, and doing this in the Oval Office. I’m having a very hard time with it. I don’t want to be an enabler.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="SKIXm4">
It’s striking that Dowd is the figure who publicized this view. In her early coverage of the Clinton-Lewinsky scandal, Dowd was sharply critical of Clinton’s abuse of power and sympathetic to Lewinsky as a victim. Yet in her later columns, Dowd would begin to criticize Lewinsky, too, in ways that show how this second narrative of the scandal could contain within it a cruel and vicious third narrative.
</p>
<figure class="e-image">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><img alt=" " src="https://cdn.vox-
cdn.com/thumbor/xnCYU6H1lJW2_u9sMEWHxyF6mTE=/800x0/filters:no_upscale()/cdn.vox-
cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22885453/526960572.jpg"/> <cite>Mark Reinstein/Corbis via Getty Images</cite></p>
<figcaption>
Monica Lewinsky rides in a car driven by one of her lawyers in downtown Washington, DC, August 1998.
</figcaption>
</figure>
<h3 id="17ZMEp">
Narrative 3: Lewinsky was the one with no power, which made her a victim, which is extremely funny and a reason to further humiliate her
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="AxvVpc">
In June 1998, six months after the story broke, Monica Lewinsky posed for <a href="https://www.vanityfair.com/style/2014/05/throwback-Thursday-monica-
lewinsky-december-1998">a series of portraits in Vanity Fair</a>, wearing <a href="http://ronbeinner.com/portfolio/monica-lewinksy/">red lipstick and designer gowns</a>. In a New York Times column, <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/1998/06/10/opinion/liberties-feathered-and-tarred.html">Maureen Dowd argued</a> that the portraits were “pornography” and that they were “sickening.” (Lewinsky was fully clothed in every picture.)
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="LC4yAs">
What Dowd seemed to find pornographic and sickening about the photos was the way they played against her sense that Lewinsky was a victim and hence properly deserved to be in a state of humiliation. That she wasn’t humiliated in those pictures — that they were glamour shots — Dowd seemed to find both jarring and offensive.
</p>
<div id="KBMXY9">
<blockquote class="twitter-tweet">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" dir="ltr" lang="en">
<a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/ThrowbackThursday?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#ThrowbackThursday</a>: Monica Lewinsky in 1998, styled by L’Wren Scott <a href="http://t.co/xlTwLbOGeW">http://t.co/xlTwLbOGeW</a> <a href="http://t.co/pgCQHcfUuG">pic.twitter.com/pgCQHcfUuG</a>
</p>
— VANITY FAIR (<span class="citation" data-cites="VanityFair">@VanityFair</span>) <a href="https://twitter.com/VanityFair/status/464415986180186112?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">May 8, 2014</a>
</blockquote></div></li>
</ol>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="WsJcmW">
“The weird thing about <a href="http://ronbeinner.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/ml3.jpg">the shot of Monica clutching the feathers</a> is that it’s not sultry. It’s saddening,” Dowd wrote. “Stubby and white, her hand looks disturbingly childlike. Her short nails are painted red, like a little girl who has put on her mother’s polish. Shades of JonBenet Ramsey.” The photographs, Dowd concludes, show that “there’s one thing Monica has immunity from: brains.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="JOcFxk">
This was the third narrative of the Monica Lewinsky story, and it functions as a synthesis of the first two. Lewinsky was unquestionably taken advantage of, goes this version of the story, and Clinton was unquestionably in the wrong. But the fact that Lewinsky could be so easily manipulated proves that she was foolish and childlike. Her victimhood means that she deserves contempt and scorn.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="pdLLVO">
At times, this narrative is able to veil itself in apparent pity for Lewinsky. Yet even then, there’s always a sort of delighted lingering on all the ways her failings make her a victim, on all the ways that she must have been silly and unsophisticated for falling prey to Clinton. “She is typical of the nihilism of female sexuality at this point,” a 25-year-old spokesperson for the Independent Women’s Forum, an anti-feminist group of women intellectuals, <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-
srv/politics/special/clinton/stories/monica091498.htm">told the Washington Post of Lewinsky in 1998</a>. “I think it’s tragic someone in his position so brutally exploited her lack of understanding and sophistication. This poor little girl thought this was going to be like ‘Dynasty.’”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="qQ8liW">
The same logic also emerged on the feminist left. <a href="https://observer.com/1998/02/lets-separate-the-women-hillary-from-the-girls-monica-linda-paula/">In the New York Observer</a>, the feminist writer Susan Faludi linked Lewinsky, along with Clinton accusers <a href="https://www.vox.com/2016/1/6/10722580/bill-clinton-juanita-broaddrick">Paula Jones and Juanita Broaddrick</a>, to the “Girl Power feminism” she rather incoherently identified with such disparate cultural figures as the Spice Girls and Fiona Apple.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="kjYxmA">
Girl power, Faludi argued, “is derived only by celebrating yourself, ideally via your injuries; gaining power by talking about what was done to you. It is, by definition, only a destructive power, aimed at bringing down the bogeyman by having a sulk ‘n’ sob in front of the adults. It’s the power available to a girl whose only recourse is tattle. The many plaintiffs of the Clinton scandals are cast, or cast themselves, as girls.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="SSK0zm">
Faludi did not dispute, in this particular article, accounts that Lewinsky, Jones, and Broaddrick had been injured by Clinton. (Elsewhere <a href="https://www.deseret.com/1998/12/3/19415998/scandal-casts-harsh-light-on-
feminists">she would famously argue of Lewinsky</a> that “if anything, it sounds like she put the moves on him.”) Her argument is rather that by speaking out about their injuries, Clinton’s accusers had been acting like victims and hence children. To be a victim of a sexual predator is, according to this narrative, to be worthy of humiliation.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="pIlRRw">
But Faludi, like Linda Hirshman and Marjorie Williams, wasn’t expressing the mainstream feminist narrative about Monica Lewinsky. That idea lay in the fourth version of the Monica Lewinsky story.
</p>
<figure class="e-image">
<pre><code> &lt;img alt=" " src="https://cdn.vox-</code></pre>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">cdn.com/thumbor/a6e9Opt1h2K_5jD9Tx7B_zpaJC0=/800x0/filters:no_upscale()/cdn.vox- cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22885462/51642554.jpg" /&gt; <cite>Timothy Clary/AFP via Getty Images</cite></p>
<figcaption>
Monica Lewinsky leaves the Cosmos Club in DC with her attorney William Ginsberg, left, 1998.
</figcaption>
</figure>
<h3 id="PEageW">
Narrative 4: In seducing the president, Monica Lewinsky grabbed for power when she properly had none, which made her a liberated woman — and an object of contempt
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="QmWzio">
In 1998, when feminists like Hirshman made the claim that Clinton took advantage of Lewinsky, they were met with outrage from other feminists.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="GMFdBd">
“We want the right to be sexually active without the presumption that we were used or duped,” <a href="https://www.feminist.com/resources/artspeech/poli/monica.htm">argued Amelia Richards and Jennifer Baumgardner in the Nation</a>. “If feminists hold Lewinsky up as a violated naif, then we don’t believe that an adult woman can take responsibility for her own desires and actions. In other words, we will have gone a long way back, baby. Feminists should support Monica Lewinsky not as a victim of a rapacious man but as a young woman with a libido of her own.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Nah9BK">
This fourth Monica Lewinsky narrative made the case that, regardless of any disparity in power between intern and president, Lewinsky was fully capable of making her own sexual choices. It turned away from Clinton’s responsibility to say no to focus on Lewinsky’s right to say yes, and it treated that right as empowering — almost as empowering, in its own way, as a female president would have been.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="fPBEmP">
“It’s like every girl’s dream,” said Elizabeth Benedict, author of <em>The Joy of Writing Sex</em>, in <a href="https://observer.com/1998/02/new-york-
supergals-love-that-naughty-prez/">a feminist roundtable on the Clinton-Lewinsky scandal for the New York Observer</a> that famously ran under the headline “New York Supergals Love That Naughty Prez.” Benedict celebrated the feminist dream of the ’90s: “You can be the President, but you can fuck the President, too.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="HHvvQZ">
“And you get a dress,” added former <em>Saturday Night Live</em> writer Patricia Marx.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="eBf8Pf">
In 2018, the Observer editor who put together that roundtable, Lisa Chase, <a href="https://slate.com/news-and-politics/2018/09/slow-burn-
season-2-episode-7-transcript.html">told Slate’s <em>Slow Burn</em></a> that she had felt the roundtable was a productive feminist response to the scandal. Host Leon Neyfakh summarizes her reasoning as: “Feminist thinking about sex can be divided into two strains — one that’s all about a woman’s right to sexual agency, and one that’s about a woman’s right to be free from sexual predation. Chase thinks that maybe the supergals who met at Le Bernardin 20 years ago were more focused on the former because they were that much closer to a time when women didn’t have sexual autonomy and self-determination.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="GaInTu">
But two decades later, that Observer roundtable and its lascivious glee at the delight of sex with the president are understandably remembered as a symbol of all the ways feminists failed Lewinsky.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="eizrMn">
Shortly after discussing all the ways in which it would be a dream to sleep with the president, the panel turns to the question of what Lewinsky might do next. Nancy Friday, author of <em>The Power of Beauty</em>, has a constructive suggestion. “She can rent out her mouth,” she says.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="jQ0xha">
“But, you know, men do like to get close to the mouth that has been close to power,” muses <em>Fear of Flying</em> author Erica Jong. “Think of the fantasy in the man’s mind as she’s going down on him and he’s thinking, Oh, my God.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="EIeJtx">
After further debate as to whether Lewinsky spat or swallowed after oral sex, Jung comes to a conclusion. “I think if we were old-fashioned women, we would be saying she should be burned as a witch, basically,” she says. “And I think it’s a tribute to how far we’ve come that we’re not trashing Monica Lewinsky.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="5gL2fN">
Jung’s belief that it is liberating for the panel not to trash Lewinsky lines up with Chase’s sense that the panel is nothing more than a group of feminists celebrating all the ways women have come a long way, baby: Not only can a woman become the president (although then, as now, we’re short on practical proof of that assertion), but she can also have sex with the president (although then, as now, it seems unlikely that question was ever in doubt).
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="QRTi6k">
In 2000, <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c5aswPYTql8">the short-lived satirical WB comedy <em>Grosse Pointe</em></a> would parody this idea, that to celebrate Lewinsky’s sexuality was to celebrate her. The show sees a young airheaded actress audition to play Lewinsky in an upcoming prestige biopic.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Pyp9Hk">
“Monica Lewinsky is <em>the</em> defining woman of our generation,” breathes her friend.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="dquP6W">
“She knew what she wanted, and she went after it,” the actress says. “She brought this whole country to its knees.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="hs2uUI">
“And still kept her dignity,” the friend adds.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="S1De9t">
The double entendre of the conversation makes clear what the gleeful salaciousness of the Observer panel also revealed: how little distance there is between this celebratory feminist narrative and that original mainstream narrative that Lewinsky was nothing more than a slut who deserved to be humiliated. It’s the same sadistic impulse all over again.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="7AI1Dg">
Lewinsky allowed herself to be treated badly by the president. Therefore she deserves to be treated badly. Therefore we should treat her badly. All that the celebratory feminist narrative defends is Lewinsky’s so-called choice to be humiliated.
</p>
<figure class="e-image">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><img alt=" " src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/peNSV4ttXQ0Fj1wZg49KFvsOIdc=/800x0/filters:no_upscale()/cdn.vox-
cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22885474/1337744432.jpg"/> <cite>Rich Fury/WireImage</cite></p>
<figcaption>
Monica Lewinsky attends the Hollywood premiere of FX’s <em>Impeachment: American Crime Story </em>in September 2021.
</figcaption>
</figure>
<h3 id="Uw1UCj">
Every story we tell about Monica Lewinsky holds the possibility of humiliating her. We still haven’t fully found our way out of that trap.
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="jvQhYz">
Today, the national consensus lies more or less with Hirshman in casting Lewinsky as a victim who deserves our sympathy: Lewinsky was Clinton’s subordinate, and he took advantage of her, and that was wrong. We have a collective sense, moreover, that we failed her in our endless national slut-shaming of her. <a href="https://www.vox.com/policy-and-
politics/2017/11/15/16634776/clinton-lewinsky-resigned">Matt Yglesias’s simple and correct assertion</a> from 2017 more or less lines up with the consensus on sexual morality today: “Fifty-something leaders of organizations shouldn’t be carrying on affairs with interns who work for them regardless of whether the affair is in some sense consensual.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="M5E3KY">
Still, over and over again, as America delves into the details of this story, discomfort lingers. There is some awkward snag that seems to exist around the idea that by her own account, Lewinsky eagerly pursued Clinton. We seem to have trouble believing that both this fact and the idea that he never should have allowed himself to be seduced may be true at once.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="ZEU8es">
In 2016, the podcast <em>You’re Wrong About</em> <a href="https://rottenindenmark.org/2018/06/02/monica-lewinsky/">ran an episode on Lewinsky</a>. Hosts Michael Hobbes and Sarah Marshall were speaking after Lewinsky’s first comeback essay but before Me Too mainstreamed the idea that Clinton was absolutely wrong in his conduct toward Lewinsky. At the end, Hobbes mused over how difficult he found her to analyze as a subject, in part because of how enthusiastically she pursued Clinton.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="A3EkvZ">
“I kind of wanted to reclaim Lewinsky as a feminist hero and a total victim of all this. And obviously she is,” he said. “But it’s also just amazing to me that she did some really stupid shit. She was calling him 20 times a day at the end. She had convinced herself he was in love with her. I don’t think the punishment fit the crime. I think what she went through in the ’90s was wildly disproportionate. … But she did some stupid shit.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="y8u3se">
On <a href="https://slate.com/news-and-
politics/2018/09/transcript-of-slow-burn-season-2-episode-4.html">an episode of Slate’s <em>Slow Burn</em> podcast in 2018</a>, host Leon Neyfakh begins laughing with Hanna Rosin, a journalist who covered the Clinton-Lewinsky scandal in 1998, about how absurd it was for Bill Clinton to have pursued an affair with his intern while he was actively being sued for workplace sexual harassment. Rosin laughs, too, and then seems to catch herself.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="PeaPP9">
“Oh, it’s not funny. It’s really not funny. God, we think of this so differently now,” she says, still laughing. “It’s not funny. I’m actually amazed that in my conversation with you I’m still laughing. Because I did think in my head, the Monica Lewinsky scandal really does mark a moment in feminist shame. It is genuinely the thing I look back on and think, God, the way — I mean, everyone says this — but the way we talked about her, the way we treated her, how blind we were to the power dynamics. We talked about them but in this kind of superficial way, you know? It just wasn’t prime in our minds, the power dynamic and the position she was put in and how her life was absolutely ruined by this and how she got dragged into it. And yet you and I still find it funny. Why is that?”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="YDsiyJ">
I recognize this discomfort in myself.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Ne5RjJ">
Intellectually, I know that it was Clinton’s responsibility, as the 49-year-old president, to refuse advances from a 22-year-old unpaid intern. Moreover, I’m aware that <a href="https://www.vox.com/2016/1/6/10722580/bill-clinton-juanita-broaddrick">Clinton has been accused multiple times of sexual assault and sexual harassment</a>. Within that context, Clinton’s decision to carry on a sexual relationship with his young intern appears less like a one-time lapse of judgment than like part of a continued pattern of predatory behavior.
</p>
<figure class="e-image">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><img alt="A dark-haired woman in a blue beret and red lipstick stands
in a crowd, applauding an unseen figure." src="https://cdn.vox-
cdn.com/thumbor/93rX88dTD5sI40LFsYAafme1Hto=/800x0/filters:no_upscale()/cdn.vox-
cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22885481/ACS_402_2475.jpg"/> <cite>Tina Thorpe/FX</cite></p>
<figcaption>
Beanie Feldstein as Monica Lewinsky on <em>Impeachment: American Crime Story</em>.
</figcaption>
</figure>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="2DcygV">
Yet I recently sat down to watch Ryan Murphy’s <em>Impeachment: American Crime Story </em>miniseries, which debuted in September on FX. And when I saw Beanie Feldstein as Lewinsky flash Clinton her thong in the office shortly before their first sexual encounter, for a split second I felt a sort of defensive shock. A bizarre thought appeared in my mind: Wasn’t it blaming the victim, I wondered, to suggest that <em>she</em> pursued <em>him</em> so brazenly?
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="P5eVMs">
Of course, Lewinsky did pursue Clinton. The flashed thong is a matter of historical record. It has been more thoroughly investigated than possibly any other sexual advance in history.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="IZYMb3">
What my brain tripped on, I think, is some still-present inability to reconcile Lewinsky as a woman with her own sexual desires and agency and as a figure who was taken advantage of. We have made this binary an either/or proposition, when it is entirely possible for it to be a both/and. That’s where the discomfort lies.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="99vROu">
Lewinsky herself, as she begins to take more and more control of her narrative, seems to often recognize the discomfort people feel around the question of her complicity in the affair, and the extent to which they might find it funny. For most of her public life, she has maintained that her relationship with Clinton was fully consensual and that the true villain of the story was Ken Starr and the media witch hunt she experienced after he published his report. But in 2018, in the midst of a resurgent Me Too movement, she expressed a few other thoughts.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="RIyzyT">
“Now, at 44, I’m beginning (<em>just beginning</em>) to consider the implications of the power differentials that were so vast between a president and a White House intern. I’m beginning to entertain the notion that in such a circumstance the idea of consent might well be rendered moot,” <a href="https://www.vanityfair.com/news/2018/02/monica-lewinsky-in-the-age-
of-metoo">she wrote for Vanity Fair</a>. “‘This’ (sigh) is as far as I’ve gotten in my re-evaluation; I want to be thoughtful.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="T2xLdh">
It was Lewinsky who, serving as a producer on <em>Impeachment</em>, told the show’s writers not to elide her decision to go after Clinton and to show the thong flash on camera. “I just felt I shouldn’t get a pass,” <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2021/09/01/arts/television/monica-lewinsky-impeachment-american-crime-
story.html">she told the New York Times</a>.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="aseGbB">
It makes sense that Lewinsky is being so cautious and so thoughtful about this question, so unwilling to commit to one particular interpretation of the facts. Every version of the story we tell about her, even the good ones, contains within itself the possibility of another story in which she is humiliated. That’s a fact of which she is fully aware.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="el9tcU">
“So often have I struggled with my own sense of agency versus victimhood,” <a href="https://www.vanityfair.com/news/2018/02/monica-lewinsky-in-the-age-of-metoo">she explained in her 2018 Vanity Fair essay</a>. “In 1998, we were living in times in which women’s sexuality was a marker of their agency — ‘owning desire.’ And yet, I felt that if I saw myself as in any way a victim, it would open the door to choruses of: ‘See, you did merely service him.’”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="zRaNoI">
In 1998, we excoriated Lewinsky for being a woman adjacent to the idea of sex. Not having sex would not have saved her from our scorn, not as long as there was a sex scandal happening within her vicinity. (<a href="https://me.me/i/proudly-wears-hillary-sucks-but-monica-swallows-t-
shirt-hugely-offended-2399384">As right-wing sloganeers are happy to remind you</a>, “Hillary sucks but Monica swallows.”)
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="OMXC9x">
Part of the project of feminism over the past 20 years has been to broaden the narrative, to create space for a world in which a woman may exist in proximity to a sex scandal and not be understood as deserving of humiliation. Yet despite a widely held desire and ongoing effort to distinguish between the two, we can find ourselves caught in this vexed sort of purity test: Is Lewinsky enough of a victim for our sympathy? How much of a victim must she be to deserve respect? Can she be both a victim and a woman expressing sexual agency?
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="1D4oRX">
America’s intellectual understanding of consent has evolved and matured by leaps and bounds since the Starr Report first arrived. But for many of us, this intellectual understanding is still not quite equal to the engrained sexual morality we grew up on.
</p>
<p class="c-end-para" data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="RuXJWt">
So if we find ourselves, despite our better judgment, longing to demand proof of victimhood from the women we extend our empathy toward, maybe we shouldn’t be too surprised at our own thought patterns. After all, that’s the sexual morality millennials grew up on. We learned it from the same place we learned what a blow job is: the Clinton-Lewinsky scandal.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Q7mEGa">
<em>In the Purity Chronicles, Vox looks back at the sexual and gendered mores of the late ’90s and 2000s, one pop culture phenomenon at a time. </em><a href="https://www.vox.com/culture/22452846/purity-chronicles"><em>Read more here</em></a><em>.</em>
</p>
<ul>
<li><strong>The status games we all play</strong> -
<figure>
<img alt="An illustration of a ladder coming out of a hole into a sky with clouds" src="https://cdn.vox-
cdn.com/thumbor/unEY0_SGwt04qFKjSQ0aYJJ7XsU=/220x0:2780x1920/1310x983/cdn.vox-
cdn.com/uploads/chorus_image/image/69952842/GettyImages_1270494766_copy.0.jpg"/>
<figcaption>
Getty Images
</figcaption>
</figure>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Author Will Storr on our universal obsession with status and how it distorts so much of human behavior.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="IocLkN">
Are you obsessed with status?
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="lFQgef">
I’d love to tell you that I don’t care about status, but that’s a lie. I do care about it, even though I know I shouldn’t. When I publish an article or a podcast or when I drop a half-clever tweet, I still find myself waiting for the little ping on my phone. I still get disappointed when something doesn’t land the way I hoped. And it’s ridiculous. None of it matters.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="AwOmDX">
I just read a book about all this, and I can’t stop thinking about it. It’s called <a href="https://www.waterstones.com/book/the-status-game/will-storr/9780008354633"><em>The Status Game</em></a>, and the author is Will Storr, a journalist and writer from the UK. His thesis is that everyone’s playing a status game, sometimes multiple status games, and if you’re not aware of that, you may not understand why you do what you do — or why you don’t do what you wish you would.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="ssMowv">
I reached out to him for this week’s episode of <a href="https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/vox-conversations/id1081584611"><em>Vox Conversations</em></a> to talk about the evolution of status in human life and all the ways it distorts and defines our behavior, as individuals and societies. It challenged the way I think about the role of status in my own life and in some ways it made me feel less terrible about some of my unhealthy fixations. If you find yourself needlessly worried about status, it might do the same for you.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="wQKDPy">
Below is an edited excerpt from our conversation. As always, there’s much more in the full podcast, so subscribe to <em>Vox Conversations</em> on <a href="https://apps.apple.com/us/app/vox-
conversations/id1215557536">Apple Podcasts</a>, <a href="https://podcasts.google.com/search/vox%20conversations">Google Podcasts</a>, <a href="https://open.spotify.com/show/6NOJ6IkTb2GWMj1RpmtnxP">Spotify</a>, <a href="https://www.stitcher.com/show/vox-conversations">Stitcher</a>, or wherever you listen to podcasts.
</p>
<div id="hRXax5">
</div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="etng8h">
</p>
<hr class="p-entry-hr" id="el8UbD"/>
<h4 id="ni3dU8">
Sean Illing
</h4>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="1Ij3BP">
You have a pretty provocative claim in the book. You offer a definition of tyranny as something that happens when status games go bad or wrong. You write that, “We must accept that tyranny isn’t a left thing or a right thing. It’s a human thing. It doesn’t arrive goose-stepping down the streets. It seduces us with stories.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="JyIUSf">
I used to study ideologies and how they transformed into political religions. The question that always vexed me, particularly about a case like Nazi Germany, is how does one of the most sophisticated, developed, and well- educated societies on the planet become so deranged?
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="X6ORfn">
Your answer seems to be that they were playing a status game that went disastrously wrong. That’s not to obviate or diminish the role of ideology or racism or whatever. Those are all real, and they matter. But it’s also true that our beliefs are often props for much deeper psychological drives. However insane Nazi Germany appeared from the outside, and it was indeed insane, for lots of people inside, they were just jockeying for position within a social hierarchy. That has a way of blinding our moral intuitions in really disturbing ways.
</p>
<h4 id="v8WhL2">
Will Storr
</h4>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="ZpvwWA">
So this was one of the big revelations for me, really. Being brought up in the UK, we were obsessively taught about the Nazis and the Second World War. It’s very recent in our shared history. But the question, exactly as you put it, is how can this incredibly sophisticated nation fall so hard and so badly? The answer that I came to in <em>The Status Game</em> was that actually, the sophistication of that nation is part of the reason why it fell so badly.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="hxYWUX">
Earlier in the book, I talk about individual killers, whether it’s terrorists or <a href="https://www.vox.com/the-
highlight/2019/4/16/18287446/incel-definition-reddit">incel spree killers</a> or serial killers like Ed Kemper. Men are much more likely for evolutionary reasons to restore what they perceive as their lost status with violence. They were all humiliated. All of those men were serially humiliated throughout their childhoods, and suffered from the perception that they were extremely low-status. It wasn’t just one event. They were dragged through it in quite barbaric ways.
</p></li>
</ul>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="0TKqG1">
But also, and I think essentially, they all started off very high. All of those people were narcissistic. I can’t say that they were narcissists in the clinical sense, because I’m not qualified to say that. In the book, I use the word grandiose. I argue that this is a really deadly combination. If you take a narcissistic man and chronically humiliate them, there’s a likelihood that they’re going to become violent.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="jrT9Bi">
I talk in detail about this guy, <a href="https://www.vox.com/2014/5/25/5749416/don-t-give-elliot-rodger-in-death-the-fame-he-wanted-in-
life">Elliot Rodger</a>, the incel guy. [He was] completely grandiose and entitled and unpleasant in his worldview, found it impossible to make friends and girlfriends as he became an adolescent, and became obsessed with the fact that girls didn’t like him and with all the misogyny that that suggests. He ends up, at the age of 17, having this kind of crazy ideology which basically said that sex should be abolished, because he said the reason the world is terrible, it’s all the fault of women. Because women always choose the jocks, the violent, aggressive jocks to procreate with, so they have all these jock, violent babies.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="FYOQxx">
So it’s all the fault of women. So what we need to do is exterminate the women, apart from a few which will be artificially inseminated in laboratories, to keep the human race going. Then that will be a kind of utopia. You read that, and you just think, “My god, this guy is sick. That is a sick ideology. Surely, this guy is mad. He’s crazy.” Certainly, his actions — he did a spree killing in Santa Barbara [County] — would suggest that that would be true.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="VVAoma">
But then you look at what happened in Germany in the 1930s, and you see almost exactly that happening, but on the level of the nation. Germany pre-World War I was a pretty grandiose nation, and for lots of good reasons. They were the most successful nation in Continental Europe, probably all of Europe, including the UK at that point. Then, famously after the First World War, they felt completely humiliated. Not only were they taken out of the war when they felt that they were going to win, the Treaty of Versailles was designed to humiliate them, and they were dragged down into a state of absolute national distress and humiliation.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="wmBcwh">
Mainstream historians agree that the main thing the Germans wanted was the restoration of what they saw as Germany’s rightful place at the top. Anti-Semitism was widespread in Europe. It was a major issue, but the main thing they were focused on was the restoration of what they saw as Germany’s place at the top of the status game.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="XwANy8">
What Hitler did, and what all the anti-Semites did, was do exactly what Elliot Rodger did. They weaved this terrible story, which in its outlines is no different to the story that Elliot Rodger told about women. It’s just that they were about the Jewish people, with the result being the Holocaust. Suddenly, when you look at what happened through the lens of status, it suddenly becomes explicable. You see these patterns of behavior in individuals. You also see them in nations.
</p>
<h4 id="GqwPcb">
Sean Illing
</h4>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="r6uINR">
You have a chapter in the book where you call the humiliated male “the game’s most lethal player.” You quote a proverb that I had never encountered before that goes, “The child who is not embraced by the village will burn it down to feel its warmth.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Dvi0IY">
I swear, man, that quote is still kind of washing over me.
</p>
<h4 id="4541nm">
Will Storr
</h4>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="96YSJ1">
It’s incredible, isn’t it?
</p>
<h4 id="DVoJ9h">
Sean Illing
</h4>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="e7MyPN">
It really is, and it just kind of distills all of this.
</p>
<h4 id="pLNNT0">
Will Storr
</h4>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="e9oXUL">
Men are really violent compared to women, and there are of course differences. On the killing, it’s very much tied to humiliation, the humiliation of the family. In some cultures, women are very implicated in honor killings. So, I’m not weaving my own simplistic story of “men bad, women good.” That’s not true at all. Women have got their dominance techniques — ostracization, bullying, group attacks on other people — the kind we see on social media, for example. It’s not accurate to say that’s “toxic femininity” or anything like that. Men and women do that, but there’s no shortage of women using that form of aggression, that kind of way of achieving status through dominance.
</p>
<h4 id="xw0gzy">
Sean Illing
</h4>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="2hVOnx">
You say that the experience of humiliation is essentially “the annihilation of the self.” And you can look at extreme, disgusting cases like Rodger, and be tempted into thinking that the rest of us are exempt from that, but that is a kind of self-deception. These impulses live in all of us, and to forget that is to be vulnerable to the worst manifestations of it.
</p>
<h4 id="KiXPR2">
Will Storr
</h4>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="3Mi3VL">
I forget the precise numbers, but in that chapter, I talk about a major study that talked about men and women, about the last time they fantasized about killing somebody. For both genders, a large chunk of that was about status. It was about being humiliated. It triggers these homicidal fantasies in a large number of people, across the genders.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="KWNobh">
So, yeah, I’m sure we can all admit in ourselves that some of the times we’ve behaved, we’ve been at our worst, not only the most in pain, because humiliation is acutely painful. Because status is so important to us, when it’s removed from us in such a complete way, it’s extremely painful.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="nFpnjs">
But then some of the times when we’ve acted out, and we’ve been at our worst, are the times when we have felt humiliated. For me personally, I know that when I become most irrational in my head is when I’m dividing the world into heroes and villains, and telling this nasty moral story about goodies and baddies. It tends to be when I’m feeling my status is under threat by people or groups.
</p>
<h4 id="E5JBys">
Sean Illing
</h4>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="76SotC">
I want to go back to something you said earlier about social media. Is the internet and social media the greatest or the most powerful status-generating machine in all of human history?
</p>
<h4 id="O167zS">
Will Storr
</h4>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="u8A2zH">
Religion is a status-generating machine. The nation is a status-generating machine. So it’s quite difficult to judge them in that sense, but certainly that’s what social media is. In the book, I talk about the first social media site as we know it, which was called The Well. It was back in the mid-’80s, back in the time when we were still putting our phones on modems and dialing in and all that stuff. Even then, it was extraordinary to look at the history The Well.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Q2MbBj">
It was a bit like Reddit. It was just people, most of them on the West Coast of the US with things in common, who would gather in groups and discuss them. If you were into wine, you’d talk about wine. I’m sure there was lots of showing off and stuff about what you knew about wine.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="VGx3eG">
Then, when it got to about 500, this person arrived who I describe as the world’s first internet troll, and he basically just started attacking everyone. He really hated men, and he let them know it, and he called them all racists and perverts and destroyers. He completely maddened them. They just canceled this person. They mobbed up against him, kicked him out, deleted lots of his entries. … He was somebody that was sort of non-gendered but [used] male pronouns.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="l3ywp1">
They were having all these arguments about pronouns that we’re still having today. They were making those stupid jokes about “If you identify as you want, then I want to identify as the King Poobah.” It’s everything that happens on social media today, and it was happening on the first website back in the ’80s, where the population was around 500.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="WKgtBh">
So Facebook and Twitter haven’t helped, but they’re not responsible for all this. They haven’t invented from the ground up what happens on social media. In my last book, <em>Selfie</em>, I write about the selfie camera. It’s exactly the same story. At the time, people were saying, “Oh, the selfie camera has made us all narcissists,” but the selfie camera was not dreamt of by Silicon Valley as a selfie camera. It was supposed to be a business meeting thing, like Zoom.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="HFGxSk">
They thought that’s what you’re going to be doing. They didn’t think we were going to be taking pictures of ourselves and uploading billions of them a day. It’s the same with social media. Social media has by instinct worked out how we play status games, and kind of wrapped itself around status games and encouraged them with the follow accounts and blue badges and all that stuff. So yeah, like capitalism, it encourages it, it worsens it, but it didn’t create it.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="gtks9V">
<em>To hear the rest of the conversation </em><a href="https://open.spotify.com/episode/3J32mJMXpoWOwdEJnPErq0"><em>click here</em></a><em>,</em> <em>and be sure to</em> subscribe to <em>Vox Conversations</em> on <a href="https://apps.apple.com/us/app/vox-conversations/id1215557536">Apple Podcasts</a>, <a href="https://podcasts.google.com/search/vox%20conversations">Google Podcasts</a>, <a href="https://open.spotify.com/show/6NOJ6IkTb2GWMj1RpmtnxP">Spotify</a>, <a href="https://www.stitcher.com/show/vox-
conversations">Stitcher</a>, or wherever you listen to podcasts.
</p>
<ul>
<li><strong>Six, the long-delayed pop musical about Henry VIII’s wives, is glorious nonsense</strong> -
<figure>
<img alt="Six women singing onstage with multiple spotlights on them." src="https://cdn.vox-
cdn.com/thumbor/KnFlQtjNk5KwBIfZk18G8Ed4Um8=/334x0:5667x4000/1310x983/cdn.vox-
cdn.com/uploads/chorus_image/image/69950177/SixBway2093r.0.jpg"/>
<figcaption>
Left to right: Abby Mueller (Jane Seymour), Samantha Pauly (Katherine Howard), Adrianna Hicks (Catherine of Aragon), Andrea Macasaet (Anne Boleyn), Brittney Mack (Anna of Cleves), &amp; Anna Uzele (Catherine Parr), in the new musical <em>Six</em>. | Boneau/Bryan- Brown
</figcaption>
</figure>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Six was supposed to open on Broadway in March 2020. On Sunday, it finally did.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="r9kb35">
I first wrote this review 19 months ago.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="7glOmr">
On March 12, 2020, the giddy new pop musical <em>Six</em> — about the six wives of Henry VIII, reimagined as a glam pop-ballad-belting girl group — was set to open on Broadway in a transfer from London. Then, just hours before curtain, Broadway shut its doors. By the time <em>Six</em> reopened for rehearsal in August 2021, all the jewel-toned plastic-and-foil costumes had deteriorated so much that <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2021/09/13/theater/broadway-reopening.html">they had to be rebuilt</a>.
</p></li>
</ul>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="XGxdLH">
Finally, after more than a year of delay, <em>Six</em> at last had its official opening on Sunday, October 3, before a masked, vaccinated audience. “Remember us from PBS?” demanded Katherine of Aragon, and a whole horde of people in the theater — teenage girls in glittery princess dresses and tiaras, sober-suited bankers, cynical-eyed millennials in jeans — screamed back in response.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="uYHrES">
The spectacle and the glitz of Broadway is back at last, and joyous, messy <em>Six</em> has joined the party. This show can deliver a blast of the energy and exuberance that Broadway at its best excels at, the energy that everyone in that theater has palpably longed for over the past 19 months.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="H4hjKC">
Is that enough to make audiences overlook the utter mess <em>Six</em> makes of its attempts at feminism? Judging by the rapturous reception among my fellow theatergoers at Saturday’s press preview, the answer is likely yes. But I found myself just as bothered by <em>Six</em>’s messiness in 2021 as I was in 2020, and if anything time has made me more vengeful. I’m more dazzled by the spectacle now than I was then, but less inclined to forgive the disarray.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="lLurmM">
Still, <em>Six</em> has a neat, eye-catching premise and a breezy confidence that seems to say, “Don’t worry about it too much, it’s fun!” every time the details stop making sense. The six ill-fated wives of King Henry VIII of England (divorced, beheaded, died; divorced, beheaded, survived) are hosting a pop concert. But the concert also doubles as a contest, with each queen facing off to see who had the worst time as Henry’s wife. Given that there are two separate “beheadeds” in that group and only one “survived,” the competition is stiff.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="2OE9ic">
One by one, the queens take the stage in a solo song, each wife channeling a different modern pop act as she makes the case that her trauma was the worst trauma. And when <em>Six</em> is at its best, the pairing of each queen to her given musical style (all dreamed up by co-writers Toby Marlow and Lucy Moss as seniors at Cambridge; Moss also co- directs with Jamie Armitage) feels fresh and witty and exhilarating.
</p>
<div id="QOT49s">
<div style="width: 100%;
height: 0; padding-bottom: 56.25%;">
</div>
</div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="U0R5tk">
Katherine of Aragon (Adrianna Hicks, regal), who had to watch her husband very publicly cheat on her, <a href="https://www.vox.com/culture/2017/7/7/15914660/jay-z-
beyonce-444-marriage">channels Beyoncé</a> in her solo “<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1aV4u9GJaog">No Way</a>” as she recounts the tale of the time Henry tried to send her packing off to a nunnery. (There are some subtle Shakira beats mixed in, too, in a nod to Katherine’s Spanish childhood.)
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="1C3nw3">
Katherine Howard (Samantha Pauly, heartbreaking) puts a chilling spin on Britney Spears circa “<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0aEnnH6t8Ts">If You Seek Amy</a>” in “<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BhszM7II9p8">All You Wanna Do</a>.” The song starts dark and only gets darker, with Howard sexy-baby-cooing her way through a list of all the men who have used her and abused her. “There were <em>four choruses</em>,” she spits after she’s finished. “That’s how much shit I’ve had to deal with.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="KYfunK">
The standout number, though, belongs to Anne of Cleves (Brittney Mack, a delight). Cleves, who has recently enjoyed <a href="https://www.vox.com/culture/2019/1/31/18200640/dead-queens-club-hannah-capin-review">something of a renaissance</a> in six wives discourse, was historically the luckiest of the queens. She only had to stay married to Henry for six months, and in the divorce settlement, she got piles of money and land to keep her happy. “<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m5xv7fyRFyI">Get Down</a>” sees Mack gleefully lording it up over “a palace that I happen to own,” to a beat borrowed from Nicki Minaj and with swagger that comes straight from Rihanna.
</p>
<div id="XDchEU">
<div style="width: 100%; height: 0; padding-bottom: 56.25%;">
</div>
</div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="6mUBcK">
“That doesn’t sound difficult at all,” the other queens object.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Yw1jEZ">
“Oh yeah, I guess you’re right,” Cleves muses. “I probably won’t win then. Oh well, back to the palace.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="OjA84i">
Even when <em>Six</em>’s song pairings don’t make much historical sense, they can still be fun, as long as we operate on the principle of “don’t worry about it too much!” Marlow and Moss lampshade the idea that they won’t be portraying Anne Boleyn (Andrea Mascasaet, impeccable comic timing) as the smirking, plotting temptress that so much historical fiction shows us. Instead, <em>Six</em>’s Boleyn is a deadpan valley girl who is very interested in getting “X-rated” with her royal boyfriend, but who breezily declares politics to be “not my thing.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="8Qs77Z">
Listen: On the one hand, Anne “<a href="https://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Anne_Boleyn">Politics Are My Thing</a>” Boleyn did not blue ball a king for seven years, invent her own religion, and claw her way to the top of the English monarchy to be disrespected like that. On the other hand: <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kAthQG1aKho">The song’s a bop</a>. Whatever, it’s fun!
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="qGM8Gp">
But when <em>Six</em>’s songs fail, they fail hard. Poor Jane Seymour (Abby Mueller, luminous as always) is saddled with a complete wreck of an <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wMY7nZHNp7U">Adele-adjacent ballad</a>.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="w2YQ5y">
To be fair, Jane is starting with a handicap. Historically, she is the hardest queen to get a handle on. She <a href="https://englishhistory.net/tudor/monarchs/jane-seymour/">seems to have had a fairly quiet, shadowy personality</a>, and while Henry’s other wives are famous for their dramatic disobedience and/or powerhouse intellects, Jane Seymour was compliant, obedient, and uninterested in scholarship. She died shortly after giving birth to Edward, Henry’s only legitimate son, and because she provided him with a male heir, Henry always claimed that she was the only wife of his that he truly loved. (He never bothered to give her a coronation, though, so all that consideration for her appears to have developed only after she died.)
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="l9gR3i">
“Six wives” junkies, especially Anne Boleyn fans, <a href="https://www.quora.com/Was-Jane-Seymour-as-boring-as-many-authors-make-her-out-to-be">tend to discount Jane Seymour</a> and declare her the most boring and the least feminist of all the wives. So <em>Six</em> seems to have set itself the laudable goal of pulling an <a href="https://www.vox.com/2016/2/23/11058702/hamilton-
angelica-eliza-schuyler-love-triangle">Eliza Hamilton</a> on Jane Seymour, of making the case that Jane Seymour’s status as the most traditionally feminine of Henry’s six wives does not make her deserving of our contempt.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="nRDR1F">
However, in attempting that worthy aim, what <em>Six</em> has done instead is give Jane a song in which she explains that actually, it is extremely strong and badass of her to stand by her abusive and violent husband no matter what he threatens to do to her. There are ways to treat Jane Seymour with respect, but lauding her alleged love for her wife-murdering husband does not seem to me to be a productive way to achieve that goal.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="WIrL0B">
The problem of Jane Seymour is closely linked to the reason <em>Six</em> ultimately falls apart. When <em>Six</em> is just saying, “Tudor queens, but they’re pop stars! Don’t think about it too hard!” it’s a joyous romp. But when <em>Six</em> is saying, “Buckle up, kiddos, I’m about to learn you a thing or two about feminism,” then boy, is it a wreck.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="uT5psT">
Mostly, it’s a wreck at the very end of the show. In its final minutes, <em>Six</em> showcases the lone survivor, Catherine Parr (Anna Uzele, silvery-voiced), who <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ukoXwo_eB_o">has a lesson for us</a>.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="mSr2E9">
The way we have been watching the show, Parr informs the audience, is wrong. It is wrong to pit women and their trauma against each other and make them compete for our enjoyment. It is wrong to care about their lives only in the context of their marriages to Henry, and not to care about everything else they did.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="jLrmHx">
All of which is more or less true. Yet after making this critique of itself, <em>Six</em> then proceeds to do nothing with it.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="jnCKG3">
It’s true that it’s gross to compete over which of these six women’s lives was destroyed the worst. It is, in fact, messed up that we only pay historical attention to women as brilliant as Catherine Parr and Anne Boleyn because of their shitty marriages, and I for one would be very down to see a musical about Catherine Parr writing her books or Anne Boleyn’s childhood in France. Those stories are not the ones <em>Six</em> is interested in telling.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Xsu2Lr">
<em>Six</em> is not interested in treating the trauma the queens each suffered as real and meaningful, not when there are fun bops to be made out of it. <em>Six</em> is not interested in telling its audience anything about the lives of the six wives of Henry VIII beyond the details of their marriages, not when their marriages were so dramatic and exciting.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="I66uiB">
So at the end, when Catherine Parr says that approaching the story in this way is all wrong, <em>Six</em> manages to come off only as smug, hypocritical, and scolding. It wants to reap the rewards of making a feminist deconstruction of history without having put in the work to get either its feminism or its history correct. You just know that at some point in the development process, someone said, “I really think this show can be <em>Hamilton</em> for women!” and the finale operates as though we have all agreed that this is in fact what <em>Six</em> has pulled off, even though it hasn’t.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="N8DESz">
That mess of a moral comes at the very end of <em>Six</em>, after we’ve already gotten to hear all of the good songs. And if you’re riding high on the giddy buzz of “Get Down” or you still have goosebumps from “All You Wanna Do,” then you can probably make it through the ending, too.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Cm1WVh">
At least live theater is finally back, and <em>Six</em> is ready and waiting to shower you with all the joyous energy Broadway can command at its best. In exchange, all it asks of you is that you don’t think about it too much. Whatever, it’s fun!
</p>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-the-hindu-sports">From The Hindu: Sports</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Gavaskar slams umpiring standards in IPL 2021</strong> - Umpiring decisions in the IPL have come under scanner many times in the past and this season too there have been some questionable decisions made</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Hardik not bowling is a big blow for Mumbai Indians and also India: Sunil Gavaskar</strong> - The Indian selectors have named Hardik in the T20 World Cup squad, but the Baroda all-rounder has not been bowling for Mumbai Indians, two years after undergoing a back surgery in the U.K.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>IPL 2021 | Definitely not a personal battle, everybody is different: Ashwin on Morgan</strong> - During last week’s IPL match between Delhi Capitals and Kolkata Knight Riders, Ashwin tried to take a run after a throw ricocheted off his batting partner Rishabh Pant’s body, leading to a showdown with Morgan</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Boxing | Lovlina Borgohain gets direct entry in Indian team for World Championship</strong> - The women’s world championship is to be held in December in Istanbul, but the exact dates are yet to be decided</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>IPL 2021 | Ashwin lavishes praise on Hetmyer</strong> - The swash-buckling West Indian’s effforts recognised inside the dressing, says the Delhi Capitals’ ace spinner</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-the-hindu-national-news">From The Hindu: National News</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Akhilesh Yadav announces ‘Samajwadi Vijay Yatra’ from October 12 in Uttar Pradesh</strong> - SP chief spokesperson Rajendra Chowdhury said its objective was to make people aware about the “corrupt, autocratic and suppressive” policies of the BJP government</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Mamata Banrejee, two other TMC MLAs to take oath on October 7</strong> - Mamata Banerjee, Jakir Hossain and Amirul Islam will take oath on October 7</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Politicians out to destroy steel plant for vested interests, says former law varsity V-C</strong> - ‘Privatisation will result in loss of employment and livelihood for local people’</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Mamata Banerjee should address the reason behind flooding in West Bengal, not write to PM, Jharkhand: Dilip Ghosh</strong> - “What can the Jharkhand government do in this matter? She should address the reasons for the floods in Bengal,” Mr.  Ghosh commented.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Medicos of Kerala University of Health Sciences shun western robes, attend convocation ceremony in traditional Kerala attire</strong> - The event witnessed another historical moment when all the 63,900 students of various colleges under the KUHS handed over a no-dowry declaration to the Governor</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-bbc-europe">From BBC: Europe</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>French Church abuse: 216,000 children were victims of clergy - inquiry</strong> - The Church asks for forgiveness as an inquiry says it treated victims with “cruel indifference”.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Russian film team boldly shoot towards space station</strong> - An actress and film director dock wit the International Space Station in a first for Russia.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Pandora Papers: Questions over Tory donations by ex-Russian minister’s wife</strong> - Documents reveal the scale of the secret offshore financial wealth she shares with her husband.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Givenchy criticised for noose necklace at Paris Fashion Week</strong> - Three models wore gold and silver necklaces shaped like nooses on the catwalk at Paris Fashion Week.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Israel accuses Iran over Cyprus alleged hitman plot</strong> - It follows the arrest by Cypriot police of a suspect, reportedly with a gun and silencer in his car.</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-ars-technica">From Ars Technica</h1>
<ul>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>The 2022 Ford Maverick is a cheap, cheerful, DIY-friendly pickup truck</strong> - More than 40 mpg and instructions to make your own accessories? Yes please. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1800441">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Biden administration expects J&amp;J boosters in the next few weeks</strong> - FDA has scheduled an advisory meeting over the booster ahead of receiving an application. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1800912">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Ex-Sony exec opens up about efforts to bring PlayStation hits to PC</strong> - “There’s no losing in this transaction,” says former PlayStation Studios head Shawn Layden. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1800685">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Understanding how we sense touch, temperature earns a Nobel</strong> - Discoveries triggered a wave of findings about how we sense our environments. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1800669">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Facebook, Instagram, WhatsApp, and Oculus are down. Here’s what we know [Updated]</strong> - The root cause of the worldwide outage appears to be a flubbed BGP route update. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1800566">link</a></p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-jokes-subreddit">From Jokes Subreddit</h1>
<ul>
<li><strong>A man goes to a Doctor’s Office about his penis</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF -->
<div class="md">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
A man walks gingerly into the office where he is met by a nurse with whom he speaks to
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
“Err, nurse? Excuse me, this isn’t easy for me to say, but you have to promise you won’t laugh”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
“Well, sir, on my honour as a nurse and a lady, in my 20 years in this profession, I haven’t once laughed at a patient. I’ve seen all manners of shapes and sizes, you can trust that I shall remain professional and courteous”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
The man, satisfied with her response, dropped his trousers to around his knees, exposing the tiniest penis the nurse had ever seen (no larger than a AAA battery), and with that, she couldn’t contain her laughter. Instantly and without warning she was rolling around on the floor, tears streaming down her face as she laughed. After about 5 minutes (possibly the longest 5 minutes of the man’s life) she finally managed to stand up and compose herself.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
“I’m so terribly sorry sir. Please forgive me, that was wholly unprofessional. Now, what seems to be the issue”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
“It’s swollen…”
</p>
</div>
<!-- SC_ON -->
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/HamsterCockSock"> /u/HamsterCockSock </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/q1tidz/a_man_goes_to_a_doctors_office_about_his_penis/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/q1tidz/a_man_goes_to_a_doctors_office_about_his_penis/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
<li><strong>I was going to finalize my research as to why vaccines are bad today</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF -->
<div class="md">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
But all of the research sites are down.
</p>
</div>
<!-- SC_ON -->
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/mezbot"> /u/mezbot </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/q1fupk/i_was_going_to_finalize_my_research_as_to_why/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/q1fupk/i_was_going_to_finalize_my_research_as_to_why/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
<li><strong>There is a street corner where hookers wait around to be picked up</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF -->
<div class="md">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
On a light post nearby a parrot is hanging around. As he watches he says, “Same old hookers, same old clients”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
This is bad for business so one of the hookers get mad at the parrot and throws a rock at him. He falls down onto the ground. The next morning a nun is walking and sees the parrot. She picks him up and takes him back to the cathedral to fix him up. A couple of days later the parrot has fully healed. He flys out of a window and up onto the top of the church. He looks out at all of the nuns gathered in the yard and he excitedly says, “New hookers!” He looks at the priest and bishops and says, “Same old clients”
</p>
</div>
<!-- SC_ON -->
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/Visible-Set5911"> /u/Visible-Set5911 </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/q1b6y6/there_is_a_street_corner_where_hookers_wait/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/q1b6y6/there_is_a_street_corner_where_hookers_wait/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
<li><strong>A disturbing but true story about me</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF -->
<div class="md">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
When I was born, my mother died and my father abandoned me. So I spent my entire childhood with my aunt and uncle.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
When I was in my late teens, I stumbled upon a video that my sister had made of herself. It was then that I realized that she was really, really hot. I watched the video twice, and I probably would have watched it even more. But I had to leave home because my aunt and uncle were in trouble with the law.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
It turned out that my sister was also in trouble with the law and was actually in custody. So my friend and I went to pick her up. When we did, I noticed that she was even more gorgeous in person than in the video, and my friend agreed with me.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
After that, we crashed with my sister’s friends. By then, pretty much everyone we knew was wanted by the government, so we moved around a lot. My friend is way better looking than I am and he has a really awesome car, so I started to sort of see him as competition.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Around that time, I was seriously injured. While I was in recovery, my sister gave me a big, passionate kiss on the lips.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
After that, we went our separate ways. I was becoming extremely religious, so I never thought much of her. But then I saw her for the first time in about a year, and she was wearing a bikini. All my old feelings came back.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
But it didn’t matter because, soon after that, she hooked up with my friend that I mentioned earlier.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
A few days later, the three of us were at a party. While my friend stayed inside, my sister and I went outside. It was very intimate, and it seemed like something was going to happen.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
But I killed the mood by telling her that Darth Vader was our father and I had to fight him.
</p>
</div>
<!-- SC_ON
-->
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/wimpykidfan37"> /u/wimpykidfan37 </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/q1ilse/a_disturbing_but_true_story_about_me/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/q1ilse/a_disturbing_but_true_story_about_me/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
<li><strong>My next door neighbour just knocked on my door with her dinner in her hands.</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF -->
<div class="md">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
With Facebook and Instagram down she wanted me to see what she was having
</p>
</div>
<!-- SC_ON -->
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/OwenJthomas89"> /u/OwenJthomas89 </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/q1bqs6/my_next_door_neighbour_just_knocked_on_my_door/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/q1bqs6/my_next_door_neighbour_just_knocked_on_my_door/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
</ul>
<script>AOS.init();</script></body></html>

4
index.html
View File

File diff suppressed because one or more lines are too long