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<h1 data-aos="fade-down" id="covid-19-sentry">Covid-19 Sentry</h1>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" data-aos-anchor-placement="top-bottom" id="contents">Contents</h1>
<ul>
<li><a href="#from-preprints">From Preprints</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-clinical-trials">From Clinical Trials</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-pubmed">From PubMed</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-patent-search">From Patent Search</a></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-preprints">From Preprints</h1>
<ul>
<li><strong>Machine learning in a time of COVID-19 – Can machine learning support Community Health Workers (CHWs) in low and middle income countries (LMICs) in the new normal?</strong> -
<div>
Now, in the time of COVID-19, such measures are even more important. If the promises held out for the universal acceptability and efficacy of ML and person-centric health care are to be realised, ML must be affordable at a grassroots level in LMICs. More collaboration and co-design involving mobile health developers, mobile telecoms companies, governments, trans-national organisations and non-governmental organisations (NGOs) could result in affordable generic open-source templates. Most importantly, such a collaboration needs to be done in parallel with paying CHWs a living wage. Achieving such a goal would remove the need for any CHW ever having to resort to prostitution to purchase medicines in order to treat their patients.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://osf.io/eknj9/" target="_blank">Machine learning in a time of COVID-19 – Can machine learning support Community Health Workers (CHWs) in low and middle income countries (LMICs) in the new normal?</a>
</div></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Predicting self-harm and suicide ideation during the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia: A nationwide survey report</strong> -
<div>
Background: It is estimated that 77.0% of suicide cases occurred in low-and-middle-income countries (LMICs), which would increase because of the COVID-19 pandemic and socioeconomic inequity. However, there is lack of reports on this topic from LMICs, especially during the pandemic. Therefore, this nationwide study aimed to explore self-harm and suicide ideation and its predictive variables during the pandemic in Indonesia as a MIC with the highest COVID-19 fatality rate in Asia. Methods: Non-random sampling online survey was conducted nationwide between 25 May and 16 June</div></li>
</ul>
<ol start="2021" type="1">
<li>The collected data were demographic variables (i.e. age group), loneliness from social isolation using The UCLA Loneliness Scale Six Items (ULS-6), and self-harm and suicide ideation using item 9 of The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). Predictive model was analyzed using hierarchical logistic regression. Results: A total of 5,211 participants from all 34 provinces in Indonesia completed the survey. Among 39.3% of them reported self-harm and suicide ideation during the pandemic, which significantly correlated with loneliness. The predictive variables associated with the likelihood of self-harm and suicide ideation were age, residence, job, religion, sex-gender, sexual orientation, HIV status, disability status, and loneliness. The predictive model showed a significant goodness-of-fit to the observed data (x2(15) = 1,803.46, p&lt;.001), RN2 = .40. Conclusion: Four out of 10 Indonesians experienced self-harm and suicide ideation during the COVID-19 pandemic, particularly people within the age range of 18-24, living in the Java Island, unemployed/student/retired and freelancer, women, members of minority and marginalized communities, and experience of loneliness during the pandemic.
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://psyarxiv.com/f3c8w/" target="_blank">Predicting self-harm and suicide ideation during the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia: A nationwide survey report</a>
</div></li>
</ol>
<ul>
<li><strong>Immediate myeloid depot for SARS-CoV-2 in the human lung</strong> -
<div>
In the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic, considerable focus has been placed on a model of viral entry into host epithelial populations, with a separate focus upon the responding immune system dysfunction that exacerbates or causes disease. We developed a precision-cut lung slice model to investigate very early host-viral pathogenesis and found that SARS-CoV-2 had a rapid and specific tropism for myeloid populations in the human lung. Infection of alveolar macrophages was partially dependent upon their expression of ACE2 and the infections were productive for amplifying virus, both findings which were in contrast with their neutralization of another pandemic virus, Influenza A virus (IAV). Compared to IAV, SARS-CoV-2 was extremely poor at inducing interferon-stimulated genes in infected myeloid cells, providing a window of opportunity for modest titers to amplify within these cells. Endotracheal aspirate samples from humans with COVID-19 confirmed the lung slice findings, revealing a persistent myeloid depot. In the early phase of SARS-CoV-2 infection, myeloid cells may provide a safe harbor for the virus with minimal immune stimulatory cues being generated, resulting in effective viral colonization and quenching of the immune system.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.28.489942v1" target="_blank">Immediate myeloid depot for SARS- CoV-2 in the human lung</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Occupational differences in SARS-CoV-2 infection: Analysis of the UK ONS Coronavirus (COVID-19) Infection Survey</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Background Considerable concern remains about how occupational SARS-CoV-2 risk has evolved during the COVID-19 pandemic. We aimed to ascertain which occupations had the greatest risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection and explore how relative differences varied over the pandemic. Methods Analysis of cohort data from the UK Office of National Statistics Coronavirus (COVID-19) Infection Survey from April 2020 to November 2021. This survey is designed to be representative of the UK population and uses regular PCR testing. Cox and multilevel logistic regression to compare SARS-CoV-2 infection between occupational/sector groups, overall and by four time periods with interactions, adjusted for age, sex, ethnicity, deprivation, region, household size, urban/rural neighbourhood and current health conditions. Results Based on 3,910,311 observations from 312,304 working age adults, elevated risks of infection can be seen overall for social care (HR 1.14; 95% CI 1.04 to 1.24), education (HR 1.31; 95% CI 1.23 to 1.39), bus and coach drivers (1.43; 95% CI 1.03 to 1.97) and police and protective services (HR 1.45; 95% CI 1.29 to 1.62) when compared to non-essential workers. By time period, relative differences were more pronounced early in the pandemic. For healthcare elevated odds in the early waves switched to a reduction in the later stages. Education saw raises after the initial lockdown and this has persisted. Adjustment for covariates made very little difference to effect estimates. Conclusions Elevated risks among healthcare workers have diminished over time but education workers have had persistently higher risks. Long-term mitigation measures in certain workplaces may be warranted.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.28.22273177v1" target="_blank">Occupational differences in SARS-CoV-2 infection: Analysis of the UK ONS Coronavirus (COVID-19) Infection Survey</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>A bacteriophage-based, highly efficacious, needle and adjuvant-free, mucosal COVID-19 vaccine</strong> -
<div>
The authorized mRNA- and adenovirus-based SARS-CoV-2 vaccines are intramuscularly injected and effective in preventing COVID-19, but do not induce efficient mucosal immunity, or prevent viral transmission. We developed a bacteriophage T4-based, multicomponent, needle and adjuvant-free, mucosal vaccine by engineering spike trimers on capsid exterior and nucleocapsid protein in the interior. Intranasal administration of T4-COVID vaccine induced higher virus neutralization antibody titers against multiple variants, balanced Th1/Th2 antibody and cytokine responses, stronger CD4+ and CD8+ T cell immunity, and higher secretory IgA titers in sera and bronchoalveolar lavage with no effect on the gut microbiota, compared to vaccination of mice intramuscularly. The vaccine is stable at ambient temperature, induces apparent sterilizing immunity, and provides complete protection against original SARS-CoV-2 strain and its Delta variant with minimal lung histopathology. This mucosal vaccine is an excellent candidate for boosting immunity of immunized and/or as a second-generation vaccine for the unimmunized population.
</div>
<div class="article-link article- html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.28.489809v1" target="_blank">A bacteriophage-based, highly efficacious, needle and adjuvant-free, mucosal COVID-19 vaccine</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Systematic analysis of alternative splicing in time course data using Spycone</strong> -
<div>
During disease progression or organism development, alternative splicing (AS) may lead to isoform switches (IS) that demonstrate similar temporal patterns and reflect the AS co-regulation of such genes. Tools for dynamic process analysis usually neglect AS. Here we propose Spycone (https://github.com/yollct/spycone), a splicing-aware framework for time course data analysis. Spycone exploits a novel IS detection algorithm and offers downstream analysis such as network and gene set enrichment. We demonstrate the performance of Spycone using simulated and real-world data of SARS- CoV-2 infection.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.28.489857v1" target="_blank">Systematic analysis of alternative splicing in time course data using Spycone</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>A Novel Y-Shaped, S-O-N-O-S-Bridged Crosslink between Three Residues C22, C44, and K61 Is a Redox Switch of the SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease</strong> -
<div>
As the COVID-19 pathogen, SARS-CoV-2 relies on its main protease (MPro) for pathogenesis and replication. During the crystallographic analyses of MPro crystals that were exposed to the air, a uniquely Y-shaped, S-O-N-O-S-bridged posttranslational crosslink that connects three residues C22, C44, and K61 at their side chains was frequently observed. As a novel posttranslational modification, this crosslink serves as a redox switch to regulate the catalytic activity of MPro, a demonstrated drug target of COVID-19. The formation of this linkage leads to a much more opened active site that can be potentially targeted for the development of novel SARS-CoV-2 antivirals. The inactivation of MPro by this crosslink indicates that small molecules that lock MPro in the crosslinked form can be potentially used with other active site-targeting molecules such as paxlovid for synergistic effects in inhibiting the SARS-CoV-2 viral replication. Therefore, this new finding reveals a unique aspect of the SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis and is potentially paradigm-shifting in our current understanding of the function of MPro and the development of its inhibitors as COVID-19 antivirals.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.29.490044v1" target="_blank">A Novel Y-Shaped, S-O-N-O-S-Bridged Crosslink between Three Residues C22, C44, and K61 Is a Redox Switch of the SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>A Solution to the Kermack and McKendrick Integro-Differential Equations</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
In this manuscript, we derive a closed form solution to the full Kermack and McKendrick integro-differential equations (Kermack and McKendrick 1927) which we call the KMES. The KMES can be cast in the form of a step function response to the input of new infections; and that response is the time series of the total infections. We demonstrate the veracity of the KMES using independent data from the Covid 19 pandemic and derive many previously unknown and useful analytical expressions for diagnosing and managing an epidemic. These include new expressions for the viral load, the final size, the effective reproduction number, and the time to the peak in infections. Since the publication of the Kermack and McKendrick seminal paper (1927), thousands of authors have utilized the Susceptible, Infected, and Recovered (SIR) approximations; expressions which are putatively derived from the integro-differential equations, to model epidemic dynamics. Implicit in the use of the SIR approximation are the beliefs that there is no closed form solution to the more complex integro-differential equations, that the approximation adequately reproduces the dynamics of the integro-differential equations, and that herd immunity always exists. However, as we explicate in this manuscript, the KMES demonstrates that the SIR models are not adequate representations of the integro-differential equations, and herd immunity is not guaranteed. Our conclusion is that the KMES obsoletes the need for the SIR approximations; and provides a new level of understanding of epidemic dynamics.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.28.22274442v1" target="_blank">A Solution to the Kermack and McKendrick Integro-Differential Equations</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Protection against Omicron re-infection conferred by prior heterologous SARS-CoV-2 infection, with and without mRNA vaccination</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Importance. Omicron is phylogenetically- and antigenically-distinct from earlier SARS-CoV-2 variants and the original vaccine strain. Protection conferred by prior SARS-CoV-2 infection against Omicron re-infection, and the added value of vaccination, require quantification. Objective. To estimate protection against Omicron re-infection and hospitalization conferred by prior heterologous SARS-CoV-2 (non-Omicron) infection and/or up to three doses of (ancestral, Wuhan-like) mRNA vaccine. Design. Test-negative study between December 26 (epi-week 52), 2021 and March 12 (epi-week 10), 2022. Setting. Population-based, province of Quebec, Canada Participants. Community-dwelling ≥12-year- olds tested for SARS-CoV-2. Exposures. Prior laboratory-confirmed infection with/without mRNA vaccination. Outcomes. Laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 re-infection and hospitalization, presumed Omicron by genomic surveillance. The odds of prior non-Omicron infection with/without vaccination were compared among Omicron cases/hospitalizations versus test- negative controls (single randomly-selected per individual). Adjusted odds ratios controlled for age, sex, testing- indication and epi-week. Analyses were stratified by severity and time since last non-Omicron infection or vaccine dose. Results. Without vaccination, prior non-Omicron infection reduced the Omicron re-infection risk by 44% (95%CI:38-48), decreasing from 66% (95%CI:57-73) at 3-5 months to 35% (95%CI:21-47) at 9-11 months post-infection and &lt;30% thereafter. The more severe the prior infection, the greater the risk reduction: 8% (95%CI:17-28), 43% (95%CI:37-49) and 68% (95%CI:51-80) for prior asymptomatic, symptomatic ambulatory or hospitalized infections. mRNA vaccine effectiveness against Omicron infection was consistently significantly higher among previously-infected vs. non-infected individuals at 65% (95%CI:63-67) vs. 20% (95%CI:16-24) for one-dose; 68% (95%CI:67-70) vs. 42% (95%CI:41-44) for two doses; and 83% (95%CI:81-84) vs. 73% (95%CI:72-73) for three doses. Infection-induced protection against Omicron hospitalization was 81% (95%CI: 66-89) increasing to 86% (95%CI:77-99) with one, 94% (95%CI:91-96) with two and 97%(95%CI:94-99) with three mRNA vaccine doses. Two-dose effectiveness against hospitalization among previously-infected individuals did not wane across 11 months and did not significantly differ from three-dose effectiveness despite longer follow-up (median 158 and 27 days, respectively). Conclusions and relevance. Prior heterologous SARS-CoV-2 infection provided substantial and sustained protection against Omicron hospitalization, greatest among those also vaccinated. In the context of program goals to prevent severe outcomes and preserve healthcare system capacity, &gt;2 doses of ancestral Wuhan-like vaccine may be of marginal incremental value to previously-infected individuals.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article- html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.29.22274455v1" target="_blank">Protection against Omicron re-infection conferred by prior heterologous SARS-CoV-2 infection, with and without mRNA vaccination</a>
</div></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>PCR Testing in the UK During the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic - Evidence from FOI Requests</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Polymerase Chain Reaction (“PCR”) tests have been used to identify cases of COVID-19 during the course of the pandemic. Notably, PCR alone cannot differentiate between the presence of whole viruses (which can be transmitted and infect individuals) and small fragments of genetic material that are not infectious. A feature of PCR known as the cycle threshold (Ct) can be used to discriminate between these states, but the relationship between Ct and infectiousness is still poorly understood. This well-known limitation of the test compromises the identification of cases and their trends, and consequently those measures to interrupt transmission (such as isolation) that are undertaken on the basis of reliably identifying infectious individuals. Here, we interrogate the public authorities9 understanding of PCR testing for SARS-CoV-2 in the UK by accessing Freedom of Information requests submitted in 2020-21.We searched WhatDoTheyKnow and found 300 FOI requests, from over 150 individuals. We grouped their questions into four themes addressing the number of tests in use, the reporting of cycle thresholds (9Ct9), the Ct values themselves, and the accuracy of tests. The number of validated tests in use in the UK is currently not clear: In FOI responses, Public Health England (PHE) report it may be “80” or “85”. However, European regulations suggest there could be over 400 different CE marked tests available on the market and available for use. Laboratories have a statutory duty to report positive cases to PHE, but they do not have to advise which tests they are using nor submit Ct values. Only two FOI responses provided answers on Ct values, indicating that in a set time span, 24-38% of the Ct values were over 30. The most common FOI asked if there was a cycle threshold for positivity. In those that responded, the Ct for a positive result varied from 30 to 45. We found limited information on the technical accuracy of the tests. Several responses stated there is no 9static9, 9specific9 or 9standard9 cycle threshold. The current system requires significant changes to ensure it offers accurate diagnostic data to enable effective clinical management of SARS-CoV-2. PCR is an important and powerful tool, but its systematic misuse and misreporting risk undermining its usefulness and credibility.
</p>
</div></li>
</ul>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.28.22274341v1" target="_blank">PCR Testing in the UK During the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic - Evidence from FOI Requests</a>
</div>
<ul>
<li><strong>Understanding Definitions and Reporting of Deaths Attributed to COVID-19 in the UK - Evidence from FOI Requests</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Death is a widely used outcome to assess the severity of pandemics. Accuracy in assigning the cause of death is of vital importance to define the impact of the agent, monitor its evolution, and compare its threat with those of other agents. Throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, there has been widespread reporting of aggregate death data with little attention paid to the accuracy of the assignment of causation. We aimed to analyse public authorities9 understanding of the assignment of cause of deaths during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in the UK by accessing Freedom of Information requests posed in three periods in 2020-21. By public authorities, we mean NHS Health Trusts, laboratories, and government agencies such as Public Health England and the Department of Health and Social Care. We searched WhatDoTheyKnow using the terms “covid and death”. We excluded those requests to bodies that cannot provide an answer (e.g. Councils) and those dealing with the effects of vaccines. We grouped questions into themes addressing the definitions and causes of death relevant to the pandemic. We looked at the responses to the questions of the definition of cause of death, the accuracy of the attribution, the role of other pre-existing pathologies and how these were reported and quantified. We found 800 requests from over 90 individuals. There was no consistency in the definition of cause of death or contributory cause of death across national bodies and in different bodies within the same nation. Nursing home providers, as well as medical practitioners, can assign a cause of death according to the Care Quality Commission. Post- mortem examinations were uncommon, the ONS did not incorporate their results in the summary of deaths by cause during the pandemic period. The meaning of the words “test” or “swab” was never clarified by any of the respondents. In care homes in England 1,304 out of 17,264 COVID-19 (7.6%, range 0% to 63%) mentioned COVID-19 in the absence of contributory or other factors in the death certificate, making it impossible to ascertain a chain of causality. The inconsistencies already noted hinder the ascertainment of the role of each factor leading to death and the quantification of the importance of infection. Some responses indicate that SARS-CoV-2 negative individuals or those whose death was not caused by COVID-19 were classified as “COVID-19 deaths”. We found 14 different ways of attributing the causes of death mentioned by respondents. The overall lack of consistency has confused the public and likely led to erroneous conclusions. We are unable to separate the effects on deaths of SARS-CoV-2 from those of human interventions. A coherent process based on consistent definitions across the devolved nations is required. Furthermore, to enhance the accuracy of causation in pandemics a subset of deaths should be verified using autopsies with full medical documentation.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.28.22274344v1" target="_blank">Understanding Definitions and Reporting of Deaths Attributed to COVID-19 in the UK - Evidence from FOI Requests</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Intragenomic rearrangements of SARS-CoV-2, other betacoronaviruses, and alphacoronaviruses</strong> -
<div>
Variation of the betacoronavirus SARS-CoV-2 has been the bane of COVID-19 control. Documented variation includes point mutations, deletions, insertions, and recombination among closely or distantly related coronaviruses. Here, we describe yet another aspect of genome variation by beta- and alphacoronaviruses. Specifically, we report numerous genomic insertions of 5’-untranslated region sequences into coding regions of SARS-CoV-2, other betacoronaviruses, and alphacoronaviruses. To our knowledge this is the first systematic description of such insertions. In many cases, these insertions change viral protein sequences and further foster genomic flexibility and viral adaptability through insertion of transcription regulatory sequences in novel positions within the genome. Among human Embecorivus betacoronaviruses, for instance, from 65% to all of the surveyed sequences in publicly available databases contain 5’-UTR-derived inserted sequences. In limited instances, there is mounting evidence that these insertions alter the fundamental biological properties of mutant viruses. Intragenomic rearrangements add to our appreciation of how variants of SARS-CoV-2 and other beta- and alphacoronaviruses may arise.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.07.483258v2" target="_blank">Intragenomic rearrangements of SARS-CoV-2, other betacoronaviruses, and alphacoronaviruses</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Early Alveolar Epithelial Cell Necrosis is a Potential Driver of ARDS with COVID-19</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Background Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) with COVID-19 is aggravated by hyperinflammatory responses even after the peak of viral load has passed; however, its underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Alveolar epithelial injury is reported to be a very early event in ARDS with COVID-19. Herein, we assessed whether necrosis of alveolar epithelial cells and subsequent releases of damage associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) at an early disease stage aggravates ARDS with COVID-19 Methods We analyzed the levels of cytokeratin18-M65, an epithelial total cell death marker; CK18-M30, an epithelial apoptosis-specific marker; and HMGB-1, one of the DAMPs released from necrotic cells, in patients with COVID-19 with and without ARDS and healthy adults, in addition to the circulating alveolar epithelial and endothelial injury markers, namely sRAGE, angiopoietin-2, and surfactant protein-D. Molecular mechanisms of alveolar epithelial cell death and effects of neutralization on alveolar tissue injury were assessed using a mouse model mimicking COVID-19-induced ARDS. Results COVID-19-induced ARDS was characterized by the elevation of sRAGE, an epithelial injury marker, at a very early disease stage. Although both serum levels of CK18-M65 and CK18-M30 were elevated in COVID-19-induced ARDS, the median CK18-M30/M65 ratio, an indicator of the fraction of apoptosis among total epithelial cell death, was 31.5% in serum from COVID-19 patients with ARDS, a value significantly lower than that of non-ARDS patients or healthy subjects. Moreover, the median M30/M65 ratio in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) in COVID-19-induced ARDS was 27.8%, indicating that alveolar epithelial cell death is mainly caused by necrosis. Serum levels of HMGB-1 were also significantly elevated in ARDS versus non-ARDS patients. In a mouse model mimicking COVID-19-induced ARDS, the ratio of CK18-M30 to a total epithelial cell death marker in BALF was also lower than that in control subjects. Moreover, the alveolar epithelial cell necrosis involved two forms of programmed necrosis: necroptosis and pyroptosis. Finally, neutralization of HMGB-1 attenuated alveolar tissue injury in the mouse model. Conclusions Necrosis, including necroptosis and pyroptosis, seems to be the primary form of alveolar epithelial cell death and subsequent release of DAMPs is a potential driver of COVID-19-induced ARDS.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.23.22269723v2" target="_blank">Early Alveolar Epithelial Cell Necrosis is a Potential Driver of ARDS with COVID-19</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Eradicate Coronavirus by blocking replication, counteracting its defense system</strong> -
<div>
SIRT1 inhibitors can reduce replication of many viruses with certain similar characteristics to those of Coronaviruses, while p53 protein is another important factor in down-regulation of growth. There are some molecules that inhibit Sirtuin 1 and 2, in addition to activate p53 protein, by means of regulation of the interactions used by Coronaviruses as self-defense mechanism, degradating it. Even mTOR signal will be regulate, as well as autophagy will be inhibited, being this compound like a lysosomotropic agent. By blocking virus growth and continuous replication, associating the already tested Antiviral medicines, Covid-19 could be eradicated.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://thesiscommons.org/y4cbt/" target="_blank">Eradicate Coronavirus by blocking replication, counteracting its defense system</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Eradicate Coronavirus by blocking replication, counteracting its defense system</strong> -
<div>
SIRT1 inhibitors can reduce replication of many viruses with certain similar characteristics to those of Coronaviruses, while p53 protein is another important factor in down-regulation of growth. There are some molecules that inhibit Sirtuin 1 and 2, in addition to activate p53 protein, by means of regulation of the interactions used by Coronaviruses as self-defense mechanism, degradating it. Even mTOR signal will be regulate, as well as HIF-1α with the target genes and cytokines. Autophagy will be inhibited, being this compound like a lysosomotropic agent. By blocking virus growth and continuous replication, associating the already tested Antiviral medicines, Covid-19 could be eradicated.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://osf.io/psz35/" target="_blank">Eradicate Coronavirus by blocking replication, counteracting its defense system</a>
</div></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-clinical-trials">From Clinical Trials</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Clinical Performance Evaluation of the Bio-Self™ COVID-19 Antigen Home Test</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Device: Bio-Self COVID-19 Antigen Home Test;   Device: Standard of Care COVID-19 Test;   Diagnostic Test: RT-PCR Test<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   BioTeke USA, LLC;   CSSi Life Sciences<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Immunogenicity and Safety of Fractional Booster Dose of COVID-19 Vaccines Available for Use in Pakistan/Brazil: A Phase 4 Dose-optimizing Trial</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Biological: Sinovac;   Biological: AZD1222;   Biological: BNT162b2<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   Albert B. Sabin Vaccine Institute;   Aga Khan University;   Oswaldo Cruz Foundation;   Stanford University<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A Study to Evaluate the Immunogenicity and Safety of a Recombinant Protein COVID-19 Vaccine as a Booster Dose in Population Aged 12-17 Years</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>:   COVID-19;   SARS-CoV-2 Infection<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Biological: SCTV01E;   Biological: mRNA-1273<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Sinocelltech Ltd.<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A First-In-Human Phase 1b Study of AmnioPul-02 in COVID-19</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Drug: AmnioPul-02<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Amniotics AB<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A Study of COVID-19 mRNA Vaccine (SYS6006) in Chinese Healthy Older Adults.</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Biological: 20 μg dose of SYS6006;   Biological: 30 μg dose of SYS6006;   Biological: 50 μg dose of SYS6006;   Drug: Placebo<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:  <br/>
CSPC ZhongQi Pharmaceutical Technology Co., Ltd.<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Safety, Reactogenicity, and Immunogenicity Study of a Lyophilized COVID-19 mRNA Vaccine</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   Covid19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Biological: A Lyophilized COVID-19 mRNA Vaccine;   Biological: Placebo<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Jiangsu Rec-Biotechnology Co., Ltd.<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A Study of COVID-19 mRNA Vaccine (SYS6006) in Chinese Healthy Adults Aged 18 -59 Years.</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Biological: 20 μg dose of SYS6006;   Biological: 30 μg dose of SYS6006;   Biological: 50 μg dose of SYS6006;   Drug: Placebo<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:  <br/>
CSPC ZhongQi Pharmaceutical Technology Co., Ltd.<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Phase 2b/3 Trial of NuSepin® in COVID-19 Pneumonia Patients</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19 Pneumonia<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Drug: NuSepin® 0.2 mg/kg;   Drug: NuSepin® 0.4 mg/kg;   Drug: Placebo<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Shaperon<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Aerobic Exercise and Covid-19 Survivors With Post-Intensive Care Syndrome (Pics)</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>:   COVID-19;   Post Intensive Care Syndrome<br/><b>Interventions</b>:  <br/>
Other: Aerobic Exercise Training;   Other: Home Plan<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Riphah International University<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Efficacy and Safety of JT001 (VV116) Compared With Paxlovid</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Drug: JT001;   Drug: Paxlovid<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:  <br/>
Vigonvita Life Sciences<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cell Derived Extracellular Vesicles as Early Goal Directed Therapy for COVID-19 Moderate-to-Severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS): A Phase III Clinical Trial</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19 Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Drug: EXOFLO<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Direct Biologics, LLC<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Use of Continuous Glucose Monitors in Coronavirus Disease 2019 ICU and Potential Inpatient Settings</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>:   Covid19;   Diabetes Mellitus<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Device: continuous glucose monitoring<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Tanureet K Arora<br/><b>Completed</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Phase Ⅱ Clinical Trial of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccine</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   SARS-CoV-2<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Biological: SARS-CoV-2 (LVRNA009) 50μg group;   Biological: SARS-CoV-2 (LVRNA009) 100μg group;   Other: Placebo<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   AIM Vaccine Co., Ltd.;   Hunan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention<br/><b>Active, not recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Sample Collection for Evaluation of the Panbio™ COVID-19/ Flu A&amp;B Rapid Panel.</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>:   COVID-19;   Influenza A;   Influenza Type B<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Diagnostic Test: Nasal and Nasopharyngeal Sampling of the Panbio™ COVID-19/ Flu A&amp;B Rapid Panel<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Abbott Rapid Dx<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Pilot Trial on Immunosuppression Modulation to Increase SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Response in Kidney Transplant Recipients</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Other: Immunosuppression reduction;   Other: No immunosuppression reduction<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Medical University of Vienna<br/><b>Active, not recruiting</b></p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-pubmed">From PubMed</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A raising dawn of pentoxifylline in management of inflammatory disorders in Covid-19</strong> - The existing pandemic viral infection caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) leads to coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19). SARS-CoV-2 exploits angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) as an entry-point into affected cells and down-regulation of ACE2 by this virus triggers the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and up- regulation of angiotensin II. These changes may lead to hypercytokinemia and the development of cytokine storm with the development of acute…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>The determination of haemagglutinin influenza antibodies in the Polish population in the epidemic season 2020/2021 during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic</strong> - The aim of the study was to prove the level of antibodies against haemagglutinin in the sera of people from seven age groups in the epidemic season 2020/2021 in Poland to determine the differentiation of the antibody level and the protection rate depending on age. The level of anti-haemagglutinin antibodies was established by haemagglutinin inhibition test (HAI). A total of 700 randomly selected sera from people belonging to 7 different age groups were tested. The results confirmed the presence…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Harnessing Natural Products by a Pharmacophore-Oriented Semisynthesis Approach for the Discovery of Potential Anti- SARS-CoV-2 Agents</strong> - Natural products possessing unique scaffolds may have antiviral activity but their complex structures hinder facile synthesis. A pharmacophore-oriented semisynthesis approach was applied to (-)-maoelactone A ( 1 ) and oridonin ( 2 ) for the discovery of anti-SARS-CoV-2 agents. The Wolff rearrangement/lactonization cascade (WRLC) reaction was developed to construct the unprecedented maoelactone-type scaffold during semisynthesis of 1 . Further mechanistic study suggested a concerted mechanism for…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Inflammasome activation in infected macrophages drives COVID-19 pathology</strong> - Severe COVID-19 is characterized by persistent lung inflammation, inflammatory cytokine production, viral RNA, and sustained interferon (IFN) response all of which are recapitulated and required for pathology in the SARS-CoV-2 infected MISTRG6-hACE2 humanized mouse model of COVID-19 with a human immune system^(1-20). Blocking either viral replication with Remdesivir^(21-23) or the downstream IFN stimulated cascade with anti-IFNAR2 in vivo in the chronic stages of disease attenuated the…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Recent advances in passive immunotherapies for COVID-19: The Evidence-Based approaches and clinical trials</strong> - In late 2019, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged, causing a global pandemic called COVID-19. Currently, there is no definitive treatment for this emerging disease. Global efforts resulted in developing multiple platforms of COVID-19 vaccines, but their efficacy in humans should be wholly investigated in the long-term clinical and epidemiological follow-ups. Despite the international efforts, COVID-19 vaccination accompanies challenges, including financial and…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Mutations in the SARS-CoV-2 RNA dependent RNA polymerase confer resistance to remdesivir by distinct mechanisms</strong> - The nucleoside analog remdesivir (RDV) is a Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved antiviral for treatment of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections. Thus, it is critical to understand factors that promote or prevent RDV resistance. We passaged SARS-CoV-2 in the presence of increasing concentrations of GS-441524, the parent nucleoside of RDV. After 13 passages, we isolated three viral lineages with phenotypic resistance as defined by increases in…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A multifunctional colorimetric sensor array for bacterial identification and real-time bacterial elimination to prevent bacterial contamination</strong> - Effective identification and real-time inactivation of pathogenic microorganisms is of great importance for preventing their infection and spread in public health, especially considering the huge threat of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Herein, a novel multifunctional colorimetric sensor array with 3,3’,5,5’-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) as a single probe has been constructed. TMB can be efficiently oxidized to generate oxidized TMB (oxTMB) by HAuCl(4), which displays four characteristic…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Hydrazones and Thiosemicarbazones Targeting Protein-Protein-Interactions of SARS-CoV-2 Papain-like Protease</strong> - The papain-like protease (PLpro) of SARS-CoV-2 is essential for viral propagation and, additionally, dysregulation of the host innate immune system. Using a library of 40 potential metal-chelating compounds we performed an X-ray crystallographic screening against PLpro. As outcome we identified six compounds binding to the target protein. Here we describe the interaction of one hydrazone (H1) and five thiosemicarbazone (T1-T5) compounds with the two distinct natural substrate binding sites of…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Versisterol, a new endophytic steroid with 3CL protease inhibitory activity from <em>Avicennia marina</em> (Forssk.) Vierh</strong> - A new epoxy ergostane sterol, named versisterol, was isolated from Aspergillus versicolor, an endophytic fungus from Avicennia marina. The structure of the isolated compound was deduced by means of one- and two-dimensional NMR and high- resolution mass spectrometry. The absolute stereochemistry was elucidated by NOESY analysis, and experimental and calculated time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) circular dichroism spectroscopy. Versisterol inhibited 3CL protease (3CL^(pro)) with an…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong><em>In silico</em> study of the inhibition of SARS-COV-2 viral cell entry by neem tree extracts</strong> - The outbreak of COVID-19, caused by SARS-COV-2, is responsible for higher mortality and morbidity rates across the globe. Until now, there is no specific treatment of the disease and hospitalized patients are treated according to the symptoms they develop. Efforts to identify drugs and/or vaccines are ongoing processes. Natural products have shown great promise in the treatment of many viral related diseases. In this work, using in silico methods, bioactive compounds from the neem tree were…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Two novel oxetane containing lignans and a new megastigmane from <em>Paronychia arabica</em> and <em>in silico</em> analysis of them as prospective SARS-CoV-2 inhibitors</strong> - The chemical characterization of the extract of the aerial parts of Paronychia arabica afforded two oxetane containing lignans, paronychiarabicine A (1) and B (2), and one new megastigmane, paronychiarabicastigmane A (3), alongside a known lignan (4), eight known phenolic compounds (5-12), one known elemene sesquiterpene (13) and one steroid glycoside (14). The chemical structures of the isolated compounds were constructed based upon the HRMS, 1D, and 2D-NMR results. The absolute configurations…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>The interactions of folate with the enzyme furin: a computational study</strong> - Entrance of coronavirus into cells happens through the spike proteins on the virus surface, for which the spike protein should be cleaved into S1 and S2 domains. This cleavage is mediated by furin, a member of the proprotein convertases family, which can specifically cleave Arg-X-X-Arg↓ sites of the substrates. Here, folate (folic acid), a water-soluble B vitamin, is introduced for the inhibition of furin activity. Therefore, molecular insight into the prevention of furin activity in the…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Drug repurposing and computational modeling for discovery of inhibitors of the main protease (M<sup>pro</sup>) of SARS-CoV-2</strong> - The main protease (M^(pro) or 3CL^(pro)) is a conserved cysteine protease from the coronaviruses and started to be considered an important drug target for developing antivirals, as it produced a deadly outbreak of COVID-19. Herein, we used a combination of drug reposition and computational modeling approaches including molecular docking, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, and the calculated binding free energy to evaluate a set of drugs in complex with the M^(pro) enzyme. Particularly, our…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Natural coumarins as potential anti-SARS-CoV-2 agents supported by docking analysis</strong> - COVID-19 is a global pandemic first identified in China, causing severe acute respiratory syndrome. One of the therapeutic strategies for combating viral infections is the search for viral spike proteins as attachment inhibitors among natural compounds using molecular docking. This review aims at shedding light on the antiviral potential of natural products belonging to the natural-products class of coumarins up to 2020. Moreover, all these compounds were filtered based on ADME analysis to…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Long-term immunological consequences of anti-CD20 therapies on humoral responses to COVID-19 vaccines in multiple sclerosis: an observational study</strong> - CONCLUSION: Anti-CD20-induced inhibition of humoral responses to COVID-19 vaccines is transient and antibody production was more pronounced &gt;18 months after anti-CD20 treatment discontinuation. The immunological effect on B-cell counts appears to wane by the same time.</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-patent-search">From Patent Search</h1>
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<h1 data-aos="fade-down" id="daily-dose">Daily-Dose</h1>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" data-aos-anchor-placement="top-bottom" id="contents">Contents</h1>
<ul>
<li><a href="#from-new-yorker">From New Yorker</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-vox">From Vox</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-the-hindu-sports">From The Hindu: Sports</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-the-hindu-national-news">From The Hindu: National News</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-bbc-europe">From BBC: Europe</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-ars-technica">From Ars Technica</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-jokes-subreddit">From Jokes Subreddit</a></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-new-yorker">From New Yorker</h1>
<ul>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>The War in Ukraine Is a Colonial War</strong> - For centuries, the country has lived in the shadow of empire. But its past also provides the key to its present. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/essay/the-war-in-ukraine-is-a-colonial-war">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Can Liberty University Be Saved?</strong> - After Jerry Falwell, Jr.,’s ouster, some students and alumni have sought a more thorough excavation of Liberty’s values. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/annals-of-education/can-liberty-university-be-saved">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>The Worst Boyfriend on the Upper East Side</strong> - For decades, a man has romanced New York women, persuading them to invest in questionable business deals. How did he keep running the same scam? - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/our-local-correspondents/the-worst-boyfriend-on-the-upper-east-side">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>The Border Wall Is Outliving Trump</strong> - More than a year after the former President left office, Republican governors, federal regulations, and inaction in Congress are allowing construction to continue. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/dispatch/the-border-wall-is-outliving-trump">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Is Rihanna’s Pregnancy All Bump and No Grind?</strong> - As with other elements of a mega-celebrity’s life, a front-facing, pathbreaking pregnancy necessitates some mystification of the pains taken behind the scenes. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/culture/cultural-comment/is-rihannas-pregnancy-all-bump-and-no-grind">link</a></p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-vox">From Vox</h1>
<ul>
<li><strong>The Great Resignation is becoming a “great midlife crisis”</strong> -
<figure>
<img alt="Graphic of professionals holding briefcases on a conveyor belt taking them toward a door marked
“EXIT.”" src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/_w7TTrwvPlMS-KRjsQauUGatG4w=/232x0:2119x1415/1310x983/cdn.vox-
cdn.com/uploads/chorus_image/image/70814786/GettyImages_1350030499.0.jpg"/>
<figcaption>
The Great Resignation is not just for kids. | Getty Images/iStockphoto
</figcaption>
</figure>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Older, more tenured people are increasingly quitting their jobs.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="DPwhFs">
With prices soaring and <a href="https://www.cnn.com/2022/04/26/economy/inflation-recession-economy-deutsche-bank/index.html">analysts predicting</a> a recession on the horizon, it might not seem like the best time to quit your job. But that’s not keeping American workers, especially older, more tenured ones, from doing so.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="fWCnNN">
Higher-paid workers are increasingly quitting their jobs, as the Great Resignation — also known as the Great Reshuffle — enters its second year. Earlier in the pandemic, the trend was led by younger, less-tenured workers in low-paying industries like retail, food service, and health care. Now, the main growth in quit rates is coming from older, more tenured workers in higher-paid industries like finance, tech, and other knowledge worker fields, according to data from two separate human resources and analytics companies. These workers say they are searching for less tangible benefits like meaning and flexibility.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Mp3HQ6">
That changing composition of who is quitting paints an increasingly complicated picture of the state of work in America and suggests that while quit rates have decreased slightly from their highs last year, the phenomenon is not going away just yet.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Hk6tWf">
“The Great Resignation is almost like a train, where it’s built all this momentum and it’s hard to slow down, but certain workers are getting off the train and new workers are coming on,” said Luke Pardue, an economist at <a href="https://gusto.com/">Gusto</a>, which provides payroll, benefits, and human resource management software to small- and medium-sized businesses.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="L83JrT">
Rates of quits are always highest among younger workers — those who tend to be less invested in their jobs and whose lives are less stable. This was true during the early stages of the pandemic when these workers quit their jobs amid heightened demand to eke out better wages and conditions elsewhere (though those gains are <a href="https://www.vox.com/the-
highlight/22977654/future-of-work-restaurants-retail-hospitality">unlikely to be permanent</a>). But those quit rates have been declining. Data from Gusto, which typically works with companies that have around 25 employees, shows that the average tenure of people who quit has grown in every age group and in nearly every industry. In other words, older people who’ve worked at a job longer are also quitting.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="4wvcIc">
A similar change is happening at bigger companies, according to data from people analytics provider <a href="https://www.visier.com/">Visier</a>.
</p>
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="haRSCq">
Between the first quarter of 2021 and 2022, the greatest growth in resignations was among people aged 40 to 60 and those with a tenure of more than 10 years, a Visier dataset from companies with over 1,000 employees shows. Older and more tenured people are especially likely to be quitting in knowledge worker industries like finance and tech.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="LexOkA">
Their reasons are myriad.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="t7d9MD">
“Don’t look for one thing that’s driving the Great Resignation,” Ian Cook, Visier’s vice president of people analytics, told Recode. “It’s actually made up from a combination of different patterns and will continue to change as the labor market changes and as the economic recovery changes.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="tivJ17">
Among the more financially stable set, quits are being driven by<strong> </strong>everything from a desire to continue working remotely to a greater search for meaning to simply having the means to do so.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="8VNXf4">
Columbia Business School professor Adam Galinsky calls this iteration of the Great Resignation the “great midlife crisis.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="muzwXh">
“At the midpoint of life, we become aware of our own mortality, and it allows us to reflect on what really matters to us,” said Galinsky. The pandemic has amplified that effect. “A global pandemic obviously makes people reflect on their own mortality in terms of being afraid of dying themselves or having a loved one or family and colleagues pass away.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="j1foWy">
Importantly, the people who quit to hold out for the jobs they want or forgo work entirely are usually the ones with the financial means to do so.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="6lzEK4">
Galinsky, who is currently on sabbatical in Hawaii, says he’s seen it among his peers and among other high-earning knowledge workers now working from his island getaway. He mentioned a Bloomberg employee who quit after the finance publication called workers back to the office and who now works on a pasta truck.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="SxIOwh">
Such workers, either due to savings or a spouse’s income, have the freedom to look for other work, including <a href="https://www.vox.com/recode/22651953/americans-gig-independent-workers-benefits-vacation-health-care-
inequality">gig work</a> or <a href="https://www.vox.com/recode/22884040/more-americans-starting-own-business-
entrepreneur">starting their own business</a>. A Gusto survey of new businesses shows that they’ve shifted from e-commerce startups earlier in the pandemic to more professional services, like, say, an accountant starting her own firm rather than working for someone else.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="MtEXWM">
Many of these workers, especially those who are older and more stable in their careers, now have the perspective to consider what they really want out of their lives and work.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="6EXZC1">
After more than two years of successfully working from home, many knowledge workers are loath to come back to the office, and some are jumping ship if they feel they have to do so. That makes sense. Data from Slack’s <a href="https://futureforum.com/">ongoing survey</a> of 10,000 knowledge workers <a href="https://futureforum.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Future-Forum-Pulse-Report-April-2022.pdf">just found</a> that with a third of them now back in the office five days a week, their work-related stress and anxiety has reached its highest level since the survey began in 2020.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="ySHrmK">
Growth in knowledge worker quits also might just simply be a case of people copying one another.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="chQGom">
“Workers who have this experience, that switched a job, that became more flexible, talk about it and how they had a great experience, and that leads their neighbor or their friend to do the same,” Pardue said.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="1RkiKT">
They’re also quitting because there are a lot of jobs out there for them. The number of business and professional services job openings is at a record high, according to Bureau of Labor Statistics data. According to job site Indeed, the number of high-paid job postings has not cooled as much as postings for low-paid jobs (postings for both remain above pre-pandemic levels).
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="KX7EOm">
So while the future might look grim, the present looks just fine for these workers, who are confident in the current tight job market. As Galinsky put it, “People believe less in global warming on days it snows.”
</p>
<ul>
<li><strong>Oklahoma just passed its own 6-week abortion ban. Here’s what this one does.</strong> -
<figure>
<img alt="" src="https://cdn.vox-
cdn.com/thumbor/f03zZ74diNn4I141pq3fcM2XQow=/0x0:2667x2000/1310x983/cdn.vox-
cdn.com/uploads/chorus_image/image/70811622/AP22095604910148.0.jpg"/>
<figcaption>
Abortion rights advocates gather outside the Oklahoma Capitol in Oklahoma City on April 5 to protest several anti-abortion bills being considered by the GOP-led legislature. | Sean Murphy/AP
</figcaption>
</figure>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Obtaining an abortion in Oklahoma is about to become all but impossible.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="alyq1y">
Republican lawmakers in Oklahoma passed a bill on Thursday that would ban abortions after a fetal heartbeat can be detected, typically around six weeks into pregnancy and before many even know they are pregnant.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="m9qdPU">
The <a href="http://webserver1.lsb.state.ok.us/cf_pdf/2021-22%20FLR/HFLR/SB1503%20HFLR.PDF">Oklahoma Heartbeat Act</a> will take immediate effect as soon as Gov. Kevin Stitt signs the bill, which is expected as early as Friday. Stitt has committed to <a href="https://thehill.com/homenews/state-watch/571720-oklahoma-gov-stitt-holds-ceremonial-signing-
for-9-abortion-bills/">signing any anti-abortion legislation</a> that comes across his desk and has previously described himself as America’s “<a href="https://www.koco.com/article/proud-to-be-called-the-most-pro-life-governor-gov-stitt-
signs-another-abortion-related-bill/36267627">most pro-life governor</a>.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="NxkdzL">
Earlier this month, Oklahoma enacted a different bill that <a href="http://webserver1.lsb.state.ok.us/cf_pdf/2021-22%20ENGR/SB/SB612%20ENGR.PDF">nearly totally bans abortion</a> except in cases where the pregnant person’s life is endangered. Under that bill, anyone who performs an abortion would face up to 10 years in prison and up to $100,000 in fines. It will take effect in August unless barred by the courts.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="tYOutt">
The new bill, which was passed without debate or any questions allowed, is modeled after a <a href="https://www.npr.org/2022/02/28/1083536401/texas-abortion-law-6-months">Texas law</a> that went into effect last year. It has exceptions for cases where the pregnant person’s life is endangered, but not for cases of rape, incest, or fetal conditions that make life unsustainable after birth. It also imposes additional reporting requirements on physicians and allows private individuals to seek civil penalties, including at least $10,000 in damages, against anyone who aids in or performs an abortion after the six-week term. That’s designed to circumvent current legal limitations on the government’s ability to go after abortion providers.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="4uax2R">
“It’s identical to the bill that was enacted by the Texas Legislature last year, and that bill has passed muster with the United States Supreme Court,” Tony Lauinger, the chairman of Oklahomans for Life, <a href="https://apnews.com/article/abortion-health-texas-legislature-
oklahoma-aa66acf3763b0097ab6139cd29711027">told the AP</a>. (The Supreme Court, however, never held a full hearing on the bill and merely dismissed a case challenging the bill in a brief order without explaining its reasoning.)
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="7sjGS7">
“We are hopeful that this bill will save the lives of more unborn children here in Oklahoma as well,” Lauinger added.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="w4Cmoc">
Abortion advocates <a href="https://reproductiverights.org/wp-
content/uploads/2022/04/2022-04-28-Final-Petition-SB-1503.pdf">challenged the bill</a> in the Oklahoma Supreme Court late Thursday, arguing that it prevents Oklahomans from accessing constitutionally protected abortion care.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="dnA7c3">
“For those able to scrape together the necessary funds, [the bill] will force them to travel out of state to access abortion care. Others will attempt to self-manage their own abortions without medical supervision. And many Oklahomans will have no choice but to continue their pregnancies against their will,” they write in the lawsuit.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="By9x7O">
It’s the latest in a series of anti-abortion laws passed in Oklahoma and in several other GOP-controlled state legislatures that make it all but impossible to obtain an in-state physical abortion, even while the US Supreme Court’s precedent in its 1973 decision in <em>Roe v. Wade</em> still stands.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="DjF71f">
The court will decide a case by early July in which it is expected to <a href="https://time.com/6160143/anti-abortion-roe-wade-supreme-
court/">partially or completely overturn <em>Roe</em></a>, which recognized a pregnant person’s fundamental right to seek an abortion, but found that states could still impose restrictions on the procedure in the service of protecting the pregnant person’s health and the potential life of a fetus once it can survive outside the womb. But even if the court doesn’t overturn <em>Roe, </em>the latest Oklahoma bill will likely still stand given that legal challenges to the parallel law in Texas have <a href="https://www.statesman.com/story/news/politics/state/2022/04/26/federal-appeals-
court-ends-legal-challenge-texas-abortion-law-2022/9543741002/">failed</a>.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="aTA23d">
Many Texans have flocked to Oklahoma abortion clinics after their state’s heartbeat act went into effect in September. There are just four such facilities across the entire state of Oklahoma, which have seen soaring demand in the months since.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Z7vtic">
Trust Women — which operates a clinic in Oklahoma City that provides medication and surgical abortions up to the current legal limit of 21.6 weeks — says it has seen a 2,500 percent increase in patients. Even though the clinic has doubled the number of days of the week that it’s open from two to four, patients still may have to wait two to four weeks for an abortion, sometimes forcing them to travel to other states if that puts them over the time period within which it’s legal to have an abortion in Oklahoma.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="mr0KAc">
The passage of the Oklahoma Heartbeat Act will make it even harder to meet that demand.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="HVjAsD">
“Planned Parenthood Great Plains’ providers have served thousands of Texans in the past seven months because of their state’s harsh bounty-hunting scheme, and we have been proud to stand with them and provide essential, constitutionally protected abortion services,” Emily Wales, interim president and CEO of Planned Parenthood Great Plains, said in a statement. “Now, rather than serving as a haven for patients unable to get care at home, Oklahoma politicians have made outcasts of their own people.”
</p></li>
<li><strong>Title 42, the Trump-era border policy dividing Democrats, explained</strong> -
<figure>
<img alt="" src="https://cdn.vox-
cdn.com/thumbor/PE0aE03NmzUH_-V0wN3Wf-2wnNM=/310x0:5259x3712/1310x983/cdn.vox-
cdn.com/uploads/chorus_image/image/70800143/1239925809.0.jpg"/>
<figcaption>
A child in the Movimiento Juventud 2000 shelter for refugee migrants from Central and South American countries seeking asylum in the United States, as Title 42 and Remain In Mexico border restrictions continue, in Tijuana, Baja California state, Mexico, on April 9, 2022. | Patrick T. Fallon/AFP via Getty Images
</figcaption>
</figure>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
The once little-known public health law has become a flashpoint in the immigration debate ahead of the midterms.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="KF0YKx">
The Biden administration is proceeding with its plans to <a href="https://www.vox.com/23006820/title-42-border-pandemic-biden">end Title 42</a>, a policy implemented under then-President Donald Trump that has allowed the US to expel hundreds of thousands of migrants at the southern border under the guise of curbing the spread of Covid-19.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="HfR51k">
The policy that was put in place under a dubious public health rationale has become an overt, de facto national immigration and border security strategy. Title 42’s rollback is expected to prompt an increase in migration to the border that will challenge US immigration and border enforcement capabilities and could have huge political consequences for President Joe Biden and Democrats. Republicans are ready to pounce on the anticipated border surge that could come when it lifts, and some Democrats — including ones in tight reelection races in this fall’s midterms — are <a href="https://www.vox.com/policy-
and-politics/23016907/democrat-biden-border-title-42-midterms">urging Biden to leave Title 42</a> in place for now.
</p></li>
</ul>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="glgzly">
The White House insists that Congress will have to intervene if it wants to delay the rollback past May 23, and Senate Majority Leader Chuck Schumer is <a href="https://twitter.com/burgessev/status/1519778390840127489?s=20&amp;t=LWli2nAZZdiKsyziDdr_rA">under pressure </a>to put it up for a vote.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="WOkj8m">
Homeland Security Secretary Alejandro Mayorkas headed to Capitol Hill this week to discuss the administration’s plans to handle an influx of migrants. On Wednesday, Republicans threatened him with <a href="https://twitter.com/NickMiroff/status/1519389497980596224?s=20&amp;t=dRWM6wOseJdJDYTfZN-X5A">impeachment</a> as he reiterated pleas for Congress to fix the broken system that the Biden administration inherited on the border and announced that officials are preparing to request supplemental funding to address a spike in arrivals. Biden has also emphasized the need for a <a href="https://twitter.com/SuzanneMonyak/status/1520058913265172480?s=20&amp;t=LWli2nAZZdiKsyziDdr_rA">coordinated response</a> to the potential spike with his Mexican counterpart Andrés Manuel López Obrador.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="HRxvIY">
But court challenges could also affect the plans, including a case in Louisiana federal court in which a judge issued a <a href="https://www.cbsnews.com/news/title-42-immigration-judge-blocks-border-officials-may-23/">ruling Wednesday</a> that prevents the administration from gradually winding down the policy.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="MfE9RC">
Here’s what you need to know about the policy and the political fight over ending it.
</p>
<h3 id="r9vSjk">
Title 42, explained
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="yXEtdj">
Title 42 is a previously little-known section of US health law that allows the US government to temporarily block noncitizens from entering the US “when doing so is required in the interest of public health.” When the Trump administration invoked Title 42 in March 2020 at the outset of the pandemic, White House officials <a href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/cdc-officials-objected-to-order-turning-away-migrants-at-
border-11601733601">argued</a> that it had been recommended by public health officials to prevent the spread of Covid-19 among migrants in crowded Border Patrol stations.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Hovsec">
But public health officials weren’t the ones pushing the policy; the effort was led by Stephen Miller, a former senior adviser to Trump and the chief architect of his immigration policy, which focused on reducing overall immigration levels to the US, at times by <a href="https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2018/10/the-cruelty-is-the-point/572104/">deliberately cruel means</a>. Even before the pandemic, Miller had been <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2020/05/03/us/coronavirus-immigration-
stephen-miller-public-health.html">looking for opportunities</a> to use Title 42 to expel migrants, including when there was a mumps outbreak in immigration detention and flu spread in Border Patrol stations in 2019.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="ync5IF">
The policy has effectively shut out migrants arriving at the southern border from legal pathways to enter the US (there are limited exceptions for some families, unaccompanied children, and Ukrainians). Before Title 42, the migrants would have been processed at Border Patrol facilities and evaluated for eligibility for asylum and other humanitarian protections that would allow them to remain in the US. Migrants have a legal right, enshrined in US and international law, to seek asylum. But under Title 42, migrants are returned to Mexico within a matter of hours and without any such opportunity.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="AEA12D">
The US has used Title 42 to expel migrants more than <a href="https://www.cbp.gov/newsroom/stats/southwest-land-border-encounters">1.8 million times</a> since March 2020. Many have been caught trying to cross the border multiple times because the policy removed any potential adverse legal consequences of doing so.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="fXCyEh">
The policy was controversial when Trump implemented it: It was clear that the primary purpose of the policy was not to protect public health, but to advance Trump’s political goal of cracking down on unauthorized immigration at great human cost.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="AIY8L8">
The Biden administration has had plenty of opportunities to roll back Title 42, starting when Biden made a flurry of executive actions in January 2021 to roll back other Trump-era immigration policies. Because the administration waited more than a year to take action, it has had to affirmatively defend the policy as a necessary public health tool. And the current reality on the border, where most migrants are being turned away under Title 42, has become the new normal.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="0vQNzL">
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention found earlier this month that Title 42 was <a href="https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/cdcresponse/Final-CDC-Order-Prohibiting-Introduction-of-Persons.pdf">no longer necessary</a> to protect public health from the spread of Covid-19. Many public health experts outside the agency argued all along that it was <a href="https://www.publichealth.columbia.edu/node/76271">never necessary</a> for public health because community transmission inside the US, not introduction of the virus from Mexico, is what has driven the spread of Covid-19 in the country. They say that the US always had the capacity to safely process migrants by means of testing, quarantining, and enforcing masking. But the Trump administration maintained that Title 42 was a means of mitigating “serious danger to migrants, our front-line agents and officers, and the American people,” as then-acting Homeland Security Secretary Chad Wolf <a href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/cdc-officials-objected-to-order-turning-
away-migrants-at-border-11601733601">said</a> at a White House event announcing the policy.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="1nljd0">
Not only was Title 42 questionable from a public health standpoint, it didn’t deter migration. Before Title 42, migrants might have been subject to swift deportation proceedings, known as “expedited removal,” and criminal prosecution, which would have made it more difficult for them to get legal status in the US down the line. But now they’re simply returned to Mexico and undeterred from trying to cross again.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="TGOBNj">
That’s reflected in the data: There were nearly <a href="https://www.cbp.gov/newsroom/stats/southwest-land-border-encounters">twice as many</a> border apprehensions in fiscal year 2021 as in fiscal year 2019. Before the pandemic, only <a href="https://www.americanimmigrationcouncil.org/research/guide-title-42-expulsions-border">7 percent</a> of people arrested at the border had crossed the border more than once; in fiscal year 2022, it’s <a href="https://www.cbp.gov/newsroom/stats/cbp-enforcement-statistics">27 percent</a>, and among single adult migrants from El Salvador, Guatemala, and Honduras specifically, it’s <a href="https://twitter.com/Haleaziz/status/1517563859803942912?s=20&amp;t=ZjQtANbSyNmIW8d-BYWq3g">49 percent</a>.
</p>
<h3 id="TeB66V">
What Title 42 has meant for migrants
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="KNvJwD">
Title 42, coupled with other Trump policies designed to keep out migrants, has impacted the lives of hundreds of thousands of migrants who are effectively trapped in Mexico, many living in shelters or camps along the border and relegated to informal work if they can find work at all. Many of them had nowhere else to go: Gang violence, climate-related challenges, and economic instability due to the pandemic are common factors in their decisions to flee their home countries.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="ce3BRh">
Though Title 42 is still the US’s primary means of turning back migrants to Mexico, migrants have also been returned under the Trump administration policy colloquially known as “Remain in Mexico.” The Trump administration used this policy to send 70,000 asylum seekers to Mexico while they awaited their immigration court hearings in the US.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="dGjgRZ">
Biden tried to roll back Remain in Mexico last year, but a <a href="https://www.vox.com/2022/4/26/23042653/supreme-court-remain-in-
mexico-trump-biden-texas-immigration-border-asylum">Trump-appointed judge</a> ordered the administration to reinstate the program in December. The administration appealed that ruling to the US Supreme Court, which <a href="https://www.vox.com/23032702/supreme-court-remain-in-mexico-texas-biden-trump-immigration">heard arguments</a> in the case on Tuesday and will determine whether the rollback of Remain in Mexico can proceed. In the meantime, another <a href="https://www.dhs.gov/sites/default/files/2022-04/2022_0415_plcy_mpp_cohort_report_april_2022.pdf">3,012 migrants</a> — most from Cuba, Nicaragua, and Venezuela — have since been enrolled in the program under Biden.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="w7uhU0">
Mexico is woefully ill-equipped to administer to the needs of thousands of migrants who have been waiting in border towns for a chance to enter the US. When migrant shelters are full, some have been forced into camps in cities such as Tapachula and Reynosa along Mexico’s southern and northern borders, where they rely on NGOs to provide basic supplies and services, including medical care. During the pandemic, social distancing in these environments has been difficult if not impossible, and access to testing and vaccines has been <a href="https://www.vox.com/policy-and-
politics/22902501/migrants-mexico-omicron-surge-health-care">sparse</a>.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="unyCmG">
What’s more, Title 42 and Remain in Mexico have endangered migrants by sending them back to Mexico. The refugee advocacy group Human Rights First documented <a href="https://www.humanrightsfirst.org/sites/default/files/AttacksonAsylumSeekersStrandedinMexicoDuringBidenAdministration.1.13.2022.pdf">8,705</a> reports of kidnappings and other violent attacks against migrants sent back to Mexico by the US. Haitians and other Black migrants have been at <a href="https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/22881819/biden-haiti-immigration-mexico-
asylum">particular risk</a> because of the discrimination they face in Mexico.
</p>
<h3 id="uvvIqr">
What will happen when Title 42 is lifted?
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="SxXHE9">
Lifting Title 42 would be a seismic change in US policy for migrants who have been stranded in northern Mexico, in many cases for years. After May 23, families and single adults who are caught trying to cross the border will be processed and placed in deportation proceedings. They might be detained while fighting their deportation cases, a process that could take months or even years, or released while being monitored. If they can’t prove that they have a legal basis to stay in the US (such as asylum or other humanitarian protections), then they will be deported, which would also make it harder for them to legally immigrate in the future.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="uJAKQY">
The policy change would bring challenges for Biden administration officials, who face the enormous task of safely and humanely processing what will likely be a sharp increase in the number of migrants arriving on the southern border in the coming months. DHS and State Department officials told reporters earlier this month that they are concerned that smugglers will contribute to that anticipated spike, misrepresenting the policy change to migrants and overstating their chances of getting legal status in the US.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="e83kWm">
The administration is preparing for a worst-case scenario of <a href="https://abcnews.go.com/US/us-bracing-influx-migrants-southern-border-
title-42/story?id=83751437">as many as 18,000 migrants</a> arriving daily after Title 42 is lifted, up from an average of <a href="https://abcnews.go.com/US/us-bracing-influx-migrants-southern-border-title-42/story?id=83751437">about 5,900 </a>in February. Secretary Mayorkas <a href="https://www.cbsnews.com/news/alejandro-mayorkas-interview-transcript-
border-immigration-title-42/">told CBS</a> earlier this week that the agency has been preparing for months for that kind of scenario and has already deployed additional resources to the border to deal with it, including hundreds of personnel, transportation, medical resources, and new soft-sided processing facilities.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="X8DHj3">
“We are confident that we can implement our plans when they are needed. … [W]e are planning for different scenarios,” he said. But he also admitted that “certain of those scenarios present significant challenges for us.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="UkIUcG">
On Tuesday, Mayorkas issued a <a href="https://cdn.vox-
cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23420124/DHS_Plan_for_Southwest_Border_Security_and_Preparedness.pdf">20-page memo</a> formalizing those plans, which include surging even more resources to the border, increasing processing efficiency, enforcing legal consequences against migrants who try to cross the border without authorization, bolstering NGO capacity, targeting transnational criminal organizations, and trying to deter migrants from making the journey to the southern border in the first place.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="OkjAWc">
Border Patrol leaders have <a href="https://www.elpasotimes.com/story/news/2022/04/22/el-paso-border-patrol-cbp-title-42-asylum-immigration-
migrants/7355068001/">voiced concern</a> about getting adequate support from the Biden administration and what that could mean for morale. But if they have the support, they think they can implement the new system.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="G60OGO">
“It’s going to take us a little bit to ramp up. But we’re gonna get there,” Border Patrol El Paso Sector Chief Gloria Chavez <a href="https://www.elpasotimes.com/story/news/2022/04/22/el-paso-border-patrol-cbp-
title-42-asylum-immigration-migrants/7355068001/">told</a> the El Paso Times.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Un4tZw">
The Biden administration is also in the process of revamping the way that migrants will apply for asylum. Rather than wait in years-long backlogs for a hearing before an immigration judge, they will be referred to an asylum officer and released while US Citizenship and Immigration Services processes their application. The aim is for the application process to take no more than a few months, but the Biden administration has <a href="https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2022/03/29/2022-06148/procedures-for-credible-fear-screening-and-
consideration-of-asylum-withholding-of-removal-and-cat">acknowledged</a> that USCIS doesn’t currently have the necessary staffing levels to make that happen. That would require <a href="https://www.elpasotimes.com/story/news/2022/04/22/el-
paso-border-patrol-cbp-title-42-asylum-immigration-migrants/7355068001/">another</a> 800 employees and an additional $180 million in funding.
</p>
<h3 id="RJKKjK">
How ending Title 42 became a fight among Democrats
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="RrhE68">
Republicans have been gearing up for a fight over the policy even before the Biden administration announced that it would end Title 42. They have decried what they predict will be “<a href="https://www.reuters.com/legal/government/republican-states-challenge-repeal-pandemic-migrant-expulsion-
policy-2022-04-04/">unmitigated chaos and catastrophe</a>” at the border once the policy is lifted, advancing their <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2022/04/21/us/jim-jordan-republicans-memo-immigration.html">planned line of attack</a> on Biden’s immigration policies ahead of the midterms.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="8rzrbM">
Democrats, especially those facing tough 2022 contests, have little interest in taking responsibility for a perceived border crisis by ending Title 42. Democratic Senate candidates, including John Fetterman in Pennsylvania and Mandela Barnes in Wisconsin, have consequently urged the administration to reevaluate whether it should end. Five Democratic senators — Kyrsten Sinema and Mark Kelly of Arizona, Joe Manchin of West Virginia, Raphael Warnock of Georgia, and Maggie Hassan of New Hampshire — even joined Republicans in introducing a <a href="https://www.kelly.senate.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/BAI22187.pdf">bill</a> that would preserve the policy until 60 days after the surgeon general announces the end of the public health emergency related to Covid-19.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="jJ5xM4">
“Unless we have a well-thought-out plan, I think it is something that should be revisited and perhaps delayed,” Sen. Gary Peters of Michigan, chair of the Democratic Senatorial Campaign Committee, <a href="https://thehill.com/news/senate/3271983-biden-faces-deepening-democratic-rift-over-title-42/">told reporters</a> earlier this month. “I’m going to defer judgment on that until I give the administration the opportunity to fully articulate what that plan is. But I share … concerns of some of my colleagues.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="EwsDjC">
Moderate Democrats’ reaction to the Biden administration’s decision to end Title 42 has been swift — but for many of them, it’s the first time they have voiced any opinion about the policy at all. Progressives, on the other hand, have been calling on Biden to end Title 42 since shortly after he took office. As early as February 2021, 60 Democratic members of Congress <a href="https://twitter.com/RepWilson/status/1364368698207830016?s=20&amp;t=fnvrVKtccd3TLmVvAz4h6Q">wrote</a> to the administration demanding that it “safely and effectively end all expulsions under title 42 … as soon as practicable and ensure that migrants can access our nation’s asylum system.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="NbeDQw">
Members of the Congressional Hispanic Caucus reiterated that message during a meeting with the White House on Monday: “Title 42 should be lifted, and we should focus on border management policy in order to make sure that they have the resources in order to move forward,” caucus chair Rep. Raul Ruiz (D-CA) <a href="https://thehill.com/news/administration/3463077-title-42-looms-over-biden-
meeting-with-hispanic-democrats/">told reporters</a> following the meeting.
</p>
<h3 id="vUXhQd">
What are the political implications of lifting Title 42?
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="azePtS">
There are huge political upsides for Republicans trying to spin the end of Title 42 as the start of a border surge — and not so much for Democrats making the argument that the policy should be rescinded.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="znt5J9">
According to an April 6 Morning Consult/Politico <a href="https://morningconsult.com/2022/04/06/biden-approval-rating-immigration-title-42/">poll</a>, 55 percent of voters somewhat or strongly oppose the decision to end the policy, including 88 percent of Republicans and 27 percent of Democrats. That represents the biggest backlash to any Biden administration policy among dozens tracked by Morning Consult since January 2021. But there is a big partisan divide in perception of the policy, and Republicans rank immigration overall as a <a href="https://www.pewresearch.org/politics/2022/02/16/publics-top-priority-
for-2022-strengthening-the-nations-economy/">much higher-priority issue</a> than Democrats.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="RDEsxK">
Democratic convulsions over Title 42 show that the party’s consensus on immigration policy is tenuous at best.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="BqhtQl">
The party wasn’t always as pro-immigration as it purports to be today. As recently as 2006, <a href="https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/109-2006/h446">64 House Democrats</a> and <a href="https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/109-2006/s262">26 in the Senate</a> voted for the Secure Fence Act, which built some 700 miles of fence — basically, a wall by another name — along the 2,000-mile southern border. That included then-Sens. Joe Biden, Hillary Clinton, Barack Obama, and Senate Minority Leader Chuck Schumer.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="8xEo05">
The Democratic Party’s identity as the party of immigrants is a relatively new development, and now the party seems to be reverting to old patterns. But in failing to present a united front and make the case for why Title 42 should end, Democrats are handing a political win to Republicans.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="y7IHBE">
“It is important for Democrats to articulate to the American public where they stand, which is for a well-managed border and a fair, orderly system,” Tyler Moran, a senior adviser for migration to Biden who stepped down from her post at the end of January, <a href="https://www.vox.com/23006820/title-42-border-pandemic-biden">told me</a> earlier this month. “If Democrats don’t say anything, it puts them at a disadvantage because Republicans are able to fill the void.”
</p>
<h3 id="LUimHp">
What happens next?
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="MwuC2m">
It’s not clear whether the Biden administration will choose to delay the Title 42 rollback. White House officials have reportedly <a href="https://www.axios.com/biden-title-42-pandemic-border-policy-
repeal-
bd1c033e-ac90-4c34-abd1-3f7c48a1c4a4.html?utm_source=twitter&amp;utm_medium=social&amp;utm_campaign=editorial&amp;utm_content=politics-
title42">considered</a> doing so, but press secretary Jen Psaki said during her April 20 press conference that it would “require congressional action.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Fm6zbT">
“The CDC has the authority to determine when the conditions exist to lift Title 42 — that was given to them by Congress. If Congress were to want to extend that, they need to take action. It’s not an executive authority from the White House,” she said.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="E6FBQW">
But interested members of Congress might not even need to act if courts intervene first. A Louisiana judge <a href="https://www.cbsnews.com/news/title-42-immigration-judge-blocks-border-officials-may-23/'">ruled Wednesday</a> that the administration couldn’t begin phasing out Title 42 for at least another 14 days, but has allowed the May 23 end date to stand. The administration had started using expedited removal against migrants who would have otherwise been subject to Title 42.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="4xfMIO">
“It really makes no sense to us that the plaintiffs would demand and that the court would order that DHS be stopped in its use of expedited removal, which is going to prevent us from adequately preparing for the aggressive application of immigration law when the public health order expires,” a senior administration official told reporters on Tuesday, noting that DHS nevertheless intends to comply with the court order.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="zlNKhs">
At least 19 Republican state attorneys general have already <a href="https://nypost.com/2022/04/15/gop-ags-sue-to-prevent-biden-from-ending-title-42/">challenged</a> the Biden administration’s decision to end Title 42 in court. The latest was Texas, which <a href="https://www.texastribune.org/2022/04/22/texas-biden-
title-42-lawsuit/?utm_source=Texas+Tribune+Newsletters&amp;utm_campaign=c10c1a2022-trib-newsletters-breaking-
alert&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_term=0_d9a68d8efc-c10c1a2022-102627369&amp;mc_cid=c10c1a2022&amp;mc_eid=ce79b4cb9b">filed a lawsuit</a> on Friday claiming that the Biden administration didn’t follow the required procedures to end the policy and that the state would pay the price in being forced to support social services for migrants. The judge in that case has yet to issue a ruling.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="pLewN1">
<em><strong>Update, April 29, 1:50 pm ET: </strong></em><em>This story has been updated to include the Louisiana ruling.</em>
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="MVXNCT">
<em><strong>Update, April 27, 4 pm ET:</strong></em><em> This story has been updated with new information about Alejandro Mayorkas’s testimony to Congress.</em>
</p>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-the-hindu-sports">From The Hindu: Sports</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>IPL 2022 | Kohli scores half-century as RCB post 170 for 6</strong> - RCB has made one change with Suyash Prabhudessai making way for all-rounder Mahipal Lomror</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>BCCI reschedules Ranji Trophy knockout dates, final from June 22</strong> - The final is slated to be held at the Chinnaswamy stadium in Bengaluru</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Sindhu settles for bronze at Badminton Asia Championships</strong> - This is Sindhu's second medal in the tournament; she had claimed a bronze in the 2014 Gimcheon edition</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Teamwork makes the dream work</strong> - Teenagers Treesa Jolly and Gayatri Gopichand have enjoyed a stunning rise in women’s doubles after joining forces on a badminton court last year. What does the future hold for them?</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>IPL 2022 | Happy but never satisfied, says Punjab Kings’ Arshdeep on his performance</strong> - Arshdeep has not picked up too many wickets but his economy rate in the death overs and clear approach are noteworthy</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-the-hindu-national-news">From The Hindu: National News</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Nitish dimisses talk of removal of loudspeakers in Bihar</strong> - We do not ever interfere in any religious issues in Bihar, says CM after BJP Minister’s comment</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>PSI recruitment scam: Former Karnataka CM Siddaramaiah demands removal of Home Minister</strong> - Former Karnataka CM Siddaramaiah says Home Minister Araga Jnanendra should resign to facilitate an impartial investigation in the PSI recruitment exam scam</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Rains uproot trees, electricity poles</strong> -</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Andhra Pradesh: Naidu condemns ‘attack’ on TDP leader</strong> -</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Student misbehaviour with teachers appears to be lockdown aftereffects, says HC</strong> - It says viral videos on social media must make the State and society wake up to the situation</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-bbc-europe">From BBC: Europe</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Ukraine war: US accuses Russia of depravity and brutality</strong> - Pentagon spokesman John Kirby appeared emotional as he described Russia’s “cruelty” in Ukraine.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A Ukrainian father’s terrifying journey to a Russian prison and back</strong> - Nikita Horban was abducted from his village and taken to Russia. He would come back without any toes.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Ukraine launches hunt for Russian soldiers accused of Bucha war crimes</strong> - The 10 Russian soldiers are wanted for alleged war crimes - but at home, they have been hailed as heroes.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>OMV: European energy firm mulls Russia rouble demand</strong> - A major importer of Russian gas must decide by May whether to use a controversial payment system.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Ukraine war: Russian strike on Kyiv kills reporter Vira Hyrych</strong> - Vira Hyrych, who worked for Radio Liberty, died after her residential building was hit on Thursday.</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-ars-technica">From Ars Technica</h1>
<ul>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Every little bit helps: How to pick the least eco-hostile laptop</strong> - Laptops are generally bad for the environment—but some are less bad than others. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1851486">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Coca-Cola’s first “gamer” flavor—and the history of game-and-soda tie-ins</strong> - Our dive into gaming-soda history goes back to the dubious <em>Pepsi Invaders</em>. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1850159">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Review: Oura Ring 3 and Whoop 4.0 are 2 ambitious wearables, but they’re tough sells</strong> - A focus on recovery is welcome, but not at the cost of easy activity tracking. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1838201">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Elon Musk sold $8.5B in Tesla stock after agreeing to $44B Twitter deal</strong> - Says “no further” sales planned after offloading portion of his stake in company. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1851362">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Details of 9 puzzling hepatitis cases rule out SARS-CoV-2 as culprit, CDC says</strong> - In new data, CDC notes none of the first 9 cases had history of SARS-CoV-2 infection. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1851461">link</a></p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-jokes-subreddit">From Jokes Subreddit</h1>
<ul>
<li><strong>My interviewer asked me to describe myself in one word.</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF -->
<div class="md">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
I replied “vague”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
He asked, “can you elaborate?”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
I said, “yes.”
</p>
</div>
<!-- SC_ON -->
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/bobparlo"> /u/bobparlo </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/uf50f4/my_interviewer_asked_me_to_describe_myself_in_one/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/uf50f4/my_interviewer_asked_me_to_describe_myself_in_one/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
<li><strong>The Parrot</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF -->
<div class="md">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
A lady walks into a pet shop and asks the clerk if they have a talking parrot. The clerk shows her a cute little parrot and tells her she can speak to the parrot.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
The woman says “Hey there little guy! Let me ask you this. If I get home and you see me, what would you say?”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
The parrot says “Hello lady”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
“Ok good. What if one night I come home with a man. Then what would you say?”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
“Hello lady. Hello sir”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
“Ok, but what if I come home with two men?”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
“Hello slut!”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
The lady gets really offended and starts yelling at the clerk. The clerk tells her “I’m very sorry about what happened. You know what? Come back next week while I train the parrot to be more polite and respectful”. The lady leaves. A week later, she comes back and asks him if the parrot is ready. The clerk shows her the parrot and tells her she can now ask the parrot the same questions.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
“Hey there little guy. Do you remember me? I want to ask you some questions. Ok? If I come home with a man, what would you say?”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
“Hello lady. Hello sir”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
“What if I come home with two men?”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
“Hello lady. Hello gentlemen.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
“What about coming home with three men?”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
“Hello lady. Hello gentlemen.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
“Four men?”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
“Hello lady. Hello gentlemen.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
“Five men?”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
The parrot finally gets annoyed and turns to the clerk and says “What the fuck did I tell you earlier John? Didn’t I tell you she’s a fucking slut?”
</p>
</div>
<!-- SC_ON -->
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/1371ke"> /u/1371ke </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/uexlzy/the_parrot/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/uexlzy/the_parrot/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
<li><strong>An Expensive Suit</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF -->
<div class="md">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
A man who just died is delivered to the mortuary wearing an expensive, expertly tailored black suit.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
The mortician asks the deceased’s wife how she would like the body dressed. He points out that the man does look good in the black suit he is already wearing.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
The widow, however, says that she always thought her husband looked his best in blue, and that she wants him in a blue suit.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
She gives the mortician a blank check and says, “I don’t care what it costs, but please have my husband in a blue suit for the viewing.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
The woman returns the next day for the wake. To her delight, she finds her husband dressed in a gorgeous blue suit with a subtle chalk stripe; the suit fits him perfectly.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
She says to the mortician, “Whatever this cost, I’m very satisfied. You did an excellent job and I’m very grateful. How much did you spend?”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
To her astonishment, the mortician presents her with the blank check. “There’s no charge,” he says.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
“No, really, I must compensate you for the cost of that exquisite blue suit!” the woman says.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
“Honestly, ma’am,” the mortician says, “It cost nothing. You see, a deceased gentleman of about your husband’s size was brought in shortly after you left yesterday, and he was wearing an attractive blue suit. I asked his wife if she minded him going to his grave wearing a black suit instead, and she said it made no difference as long as he looked nice.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Then it was just a matter of switching the heads.”
</p>
</div>
<!-- SC_ON -->
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/DennySmith62"> /u/DennySmith62 </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/ueqbaw/an_expensive_suit/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/ueqbaw/an_expensive_suit/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
<li><strong>A general walks up to his private</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF -->
<div class="md">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
“Private!”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
“Yes, sir!”
</p>
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“I didn’t see you in camouflage tactics training this morning!”
</p>
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“Thank you, sir!”
</p>
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/No_Committee_3526"> /u/No_Committee_3526 </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/uewbez/a_general_walks_up_to_his_private/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/uewbez/a_general_walks_up_to_his_private/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
<li><strong>Why don’t you ever see a group of Johnny Depp fans?</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF -->
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They don’t like Heards.
</p>
</div>
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/GingerWithGlasses06"> /u/GingerWithGlasses06 </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/uf3nbz/why_dont_you_ever_see_a_group_of_johnny_depp_fans/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/uf3nbz/why_dont_you_ever_see_a_group_of_johnny_depp_fans/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
</ul>
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