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<h1 data-aos="fade-down" id="covid-19-sentry">Covid-19 Sentry</h1>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" data-aos-anchor-placement="top-bottom" id="contents">Contents</h1>
<ul>
<li><a href="#from-preprints">From Preprints</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-clinical-trials">From Clinical Trials</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-pubmed">From PubMed</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-patent-search">From Patent Search</a></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-preprints">From Preprints</h1>
<ul>
<li><strong>SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines Elicit Durable Immune Responses in Infant Rhesus Macaques</strong> -
<div>
Early life SARS-CoV-2 vaccination has the potential to provide lifelong protection and achieve herd immunity. To evaluate SARS-CoV-2 infant vaccination, we immunized two groups of 8 infant rhesus macaques (RMs) at weeks 0 and 4 with stabilized prefusion SARS-CoV-2 S-2P spike (S) protein, either encoded by mRNA encapsulated in lipid nanoparticles (mRNA-LNP) or mixed with 3M-052-SE, a TLR7/8 agonist in a squalene emulsion (Protein+3M-052-SE). Neither vaccine induced adverse effects. High magnitude S-binding IgG and neutralizing infectious dose 50 (ID50) &gt;103 were elicited by both vaccines. S-specific T cell responses were dominated by IL-17, IFN-g, or TNF-a. Antibody and cellular responses were stable through week 22. The S-2P mRNA-LNP and Protein-3M-052-SE vaccines are promising pediatric SARS-CoV-2 vaccine candidates to achieve durable protective immunity.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.05.438479v1" target="_blank">SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines Elicit Durable Immune Responses in Infant Rhesus Macaques</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Information Delivered by a Chatbot Has a Positive Impact on COVID-19 Vaccines Attitudes and Intentions</strong> -
<div>
The COVID-19 vaccines will not end the pandemic if they stay in freezers. In many countries, such as France, COVID-19 vaccines hesitancy is high. It is crucial that governments make it as easy as possible for people who want to be vaccinated to do so, but also that they devise communication strategies to address the concerns of vaccine hesitant individuals. We introduce and test on 701 French participants a novel messaging strategy: a chatbot that answers people’s questions about COVID-19 vaccines. We find that interacting with this chatbot for a few minutes significantly increases people’s intentions to get vaccinated (ß = 0.12) and has a positive impact on their attitudes towards COVID-19 vaccination (ß = 0.23). Our results suggest that a properly scripted and regularly updated chatbot could offer a powerful resource to help fight hesitancy towards COVID-19 vaccines.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://psyarxiv.com/eb2gt/" target="_blank">Information Delivered by a Chatbot Has a Positive Impact on COVID-19 Vaccines Attitudes and Intentions</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>A new SARS-CoV-2 lineage that shares mutations with known Variants of Concern is rejected by automated sequence repository quality control</strong> -
<div>
We report a SARS-CoV-2 lineage that shares N501Y, P681H, and other mutations with known variants of concern, such as B.1.1.7. This lineage, which we refer to as B.1.x (COG-UK sometimes references similar samples as B.1.324.1), is present in at least 20 states across the USA and in at least six countries. However, a large deletion causes the sequence to be automatically rejected from repositories, suggesting that the frequency of this new lineage is underestimated using public data. Recent dynamics based on 339 samples obtained in Santa Cruz County, CA, USA suggest that B.1.x may be increasing in frequency at a rate similar to that of B.1.1.7 in Southern California. At present the functional differences between this variant B.1.x and other circulating SARS-CoV-2 variants are unknown, and further studies on secondary attack rates, viral loads, immune evasion and/or disease severity are needed to determine if it poses a public health concern. Nonetheless, given what is known from well-studied circulating variants of concern, it seems unlikely that the lineage could pose larger concerns for human health than many already globally distributed lineages. Our work highlights a need for rapid turnaround time from sequence generation to submission and improved sequence quality control that removes submission bias. We identify promising paths toward this goal.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.05.438352v1" target="_blank">A new SARS-CoV-2 lineage that shares mutations with known Variants of Concern is rejected by automated sequence repository quality control</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Dynamic Relations Among COVID-19-Related Media Exposure and Worries During the COVID-19 Pandemic</strong> -
<div>
Objectives: This study investigated how COVID-19-related media exposure during the COVID-19 crisis was related to same-day and next-day COVID-19-related worries. Design: A 21-day diary study was conducted between late March and late April 2020 in Germany. Main Outcome Measures: Hypotheses were tested in a sample of 561 participants (Mage = 42.79, SDage = 6.12). Every evening, participants indicated their exposure to COVID-19-related media (e.g., TV, print, online) and their COVID-19-related worries. Results: Same-day analyses showed that participants reported more COVID-19-related worries on days with higher exposure to COVID-19-related media. Dynamical structural equation models provided evidence for a reciprocal cycle across days: Higher media exposure at one day predicted higher worries the next day, and higher worries at one day also predicted higher media exposure the next day. Individuals with high trait anxiety reported an enhanced general level of media exposure during the 21 days of assessment, and individuals high in neuroticism and anxiety reported an enhanced level of worries. Conclusion: These findings suggest a self-reinforcing cycle whereby consuming crisis-related media and worrying reciprocally influence each other across days, possibly amplifying adverse effects of the COVID-19 crisis and other crises alike on mental and physical health.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://psyarxiv.com/rea57/" target="_blank">Dynamic Relations Among COVID-19-Related Media Exposure and Worries During the COVID-19 Pandemic</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>On the many advantages of using the VariantExperiment class to store, exchange and analyze SARS-CoV-2 genomic data and associated metadata</strong> -
<div>
On Friday, 19 March 2021, WHO organized a virtual global workshop highlighting the need for a globally coordinated plan to increase SARS-CoV-2 genetic sequencing capacities to detect SARS-CoV-2 mutations and variants, and to monitor virus genomic evolution worldwide. One week later, in another virtual meeting, it focused on sero epidemiology for SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern and variants of interest. Efficient monitoring of the virus relies on the storage, handling and sharing of the genomic data and the associated metadata. In this manuscript, we demonstrate how the Bioconductor VariantExperiment class addresses these needs, offering a robust and efficient solution to the requirements laid out by the WHO.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.05.438328v1" target="_blank">On the many advantages of using the VariantExperiment class to store, exchange and analyze SARS-CoV-2 genomic data and associated metadata</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Racial and Ethnic Differentials in COVID-19-Related Job Exposures by Occupational Status in the US</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Researchers and journalists have argued that work-related factors may be partly responsible for disproportionate COVID-19 infection and death rates among vulnerable groups. We evaluate these claims by examining racial and ethnic differences in the likelihood of work-related exposure to COVID-19. We extend previous studies by considering 12 racial and ethnic groups and five types of potential occupational exposure to the virus: exposure to infection, physical proximity to others, face-to-face discussions, interactions with external customers and the public, and working indoors. Most importantly, we stratify our results by occupational standing, defined as the proportion of workers within each occupation with at least some college education. This measure serves as a proxy for whether workplaces and workers employ significant COVID-19-related risk reduction strategies. We use the 2018 American Community Survey to identify recent workers by occupation, and link 409 occupations to information on work context from the Occupational Information Network to identify potential COVID-related risk factors. We then examine the racial/ethnic distribution of all frontline workers and frontline workers at highest potential risk of COVID-19, by occupational standing and by sex. The results indicate that, contrary to expectation, White frontline workers are often overrepresented in high-risk jobs while Black and Latino frontline workers are generally underrepresented in these jobs. However, disaggregation of the results by occupational standing shows that, in contrast to Whites and several Asian groups, Latino and Black frontline workers are overrepresented in lower status occupations overall and in lower status occupations associated with high risk, and are thus less likely to have adequate COVID-19 protections. Our findings suggest that greater work exposures likely contribute to a higher prevalence of COVID-19 among Latino and Black adults and underscore the need for measures to reduce potential exposure for workers in low status occupations and for the development of programs outside the workplace.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.13.20231431v2" target="_blank">Racial and Ethnic Differentials in COVID-19-Related Job Exposures by Occupational Status in the US</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Perceived scarcity and cooperation contextualized to the COVID-19 pandemic.</strong> -
<div>
The COVID-19 pandemic has caused a decrease in both material resources (e.g., jobs, access to healthcare), and socio-psychological resources, triggered by social distancing and lockdowns. It is established that perceived resource scarcity creates a mindset that affects cognitive abilities, including decision-making. Given the importance of social norms compliance in the current climate, we investigated whether perceived material and socio-psychological scarcity experienced during the pandemic predicted cooperation, measured using two Public Good Games (PGGs), where participants contributed money or time (i.e., hours indoors contributed to shorten the lockdown). Material scarcity had no relationship with cooperation. Scarcity of socio-psychological wellbeing (e.g., connecting with family) predicted increased cooperation in both PGGs, suggesting that missing social contact fosters prosociality. On the other hand, perceived scarcity of freedom (e.g., limited movement) predicted decreased willingness to spend time indoors to shorten the lockdown. These results may have implications for message framing when aiming to increase cooperation.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://psyarxiv.com/zu2a3/" target="_blank">Perceived scarcity and cooperation contextualized to the COVID-19 pandemic.</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Application of the Zoom Meeting Application in Online Learning During the Pandemic</strong> -
<div>
In the midst of the Covid-19 pandemic outbreak, almost all Indonesians, including Bengkulu province, expect to experience the spike in positive cases of Covid-19, particularly in the Rejang Lebong Regency, resulting in many very significant changes in almost all fields, especially in the field of education. The learning process, consisting of synchronous learning, is carried out internet (online), namely face-to-face by video calls/ zoom meetings and asynchronous, namely by assignments. Using observational data methods, interviews, and notes, the research approach used is a qualitative research method. The aim of this study is to provide some explanations of the use of the zoom meeting application during a pandemic in online learning, to evaluate the constraints of using the zoom meeting application and the benefits of the application for zoom meeting from several features during a pandemic in online learning. The findings of this study show that it can be easier for lecturers and students to interact synchronously in the learning process by applying the zoom meeting application to learning during this pandemic.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://osf.io/preprints/socarxiv/9sq43/" target="_blank">Application of the Zoom Meeting Application in Online Learning During the Pandemic</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Large gatherings? No, thank you. Devaluation of crowded social scenes during the COVID-19 pandemic</strong> -
<div>
In most European countries, the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic (spring 2020) led to the imposition of physical distancing rules, resulting in a drastic and sudden reduction of real-life social interactions. Even people not directly affected by the virus itself were impacted in their physical and/or mental health, as well as in their financial security, by governmental lockdown measures. We investigated if the combination of these events had changed people’s appraisal of social scenes by testing 241 participants recruited mainly in Italy, Austria, and Germany in an online, pre-registered study conducted about 50 days after the beginning of the COVID-19 outbreak in Europe. Images depicting individuals alone, in small groups (up to four people) and in large groups (more than seven people) were rated in terms of valence, arousal, and perceived physical distance. Pre-pandemic normative ratings were obtained from a validated database (Kurdi et al., 2017). Several self-report measures were also taken, and condensed into four factors through factor analysis. All images were rated as more arousing compared to the pre-pandemic period, and the greater the decrease in real-life physical interactions reported by participants, the higher the ratings of arousal. As expected, only images depicting large gatherings of people were rated less positively during, compared to before, the pandemic. These ratings of valence were however moderated by a factor that included participants’ number of days in isolation, relationship closeness, and perceived COVID-19 threat. Higher scores on this factor were associated with more positive ratings of images of individuals alone and in small groups, suggesting an increased appreciation of safer social situations, such as intimate and small-group contacts. The same factor was inversely related to the perceived physical distance between individuals in images of small and large groups, suggesting an impact of lockdown measures and contagion-related worries on the representation of interpersonal space. These findings point to rapid and compelling psychological and social consequences of the lockdown measures imposed during the COVID-19 pandemic on the perception of social groups. Further studies should assess the long-term impact of such events as typical everyday life is restored.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://psyarxiv.com/a65tm/" target="_blank">Large gatherings? No, thank you. Devaluation of crowded social scenes during the COVID-19 pandemic</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Dynamics of B-cell repertoires and emergence of cross-reactive responses in COVID-19 patients with different disease severity</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
COVID-19 patients show varying severity of the disease ranging from asymptomatic to requiring intensive care. Although a number of SARS-CoV-2 specific monoclonal antibodies have been identified, we still lack an understanding of the overall landscape of B-cell receptor (BCR) repertoires in COVID-19 patients. Here, we used high-throughput sequencing of bulk and plasma B-cells collected over multiple time points during infection to characterize signatures of B-cell response to SARS-CoV-2 in 19 patients. Using principled statistical approaches, we determined differential features of BCRs associated with different disease severity. We identified 38 significantly expanded clonal lineages shared among patients as candidates for specific responses to SARS-CoV-2. Using single-cell sequencing, we verified reactivity of BCRs shared among individuals to SARS-CoV-2 epitopes. Moreover, we identified natural emergence of a BCR with cross-reactivity to SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2 in a number of patients. Our results provide important insights for development of rational therapies and vaccines against COVID-19.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.13.20153114v2" target="_blank">Dynamics of B-cell repertoires and emergence of cross-reactive responses in COVID-19 patients with different disease severity</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Reconstructing the course of the COVID-19 epidemic over 2020 for US states and counties: results of a Bayesian evidence synthesis model</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Estimating the true magnitude of the United States (US) SARS-CoV-2 epidemic is crucial for understanding disease dynamics and, ultimately, for determining the effectiveness of interventions intended to interrupt transmission. We developed a Bayesian evidence synthesis model that explicitly accounts for reporting delays and secular variation in case ascertainment to generate estimates of incident COVID-19 infections on the basis of reported cases and deaths. We estimate time trends in COVID-19 epidemiology for every US state and county, from the first reported case (January 13, 2020) through January 1, 2021. Across counties, we estimate considerable variability in the level and pattern of incidence, producing major differences in the estimated proportion of the population infected by the end of 2020. Our estimates of COVID-19 deaths are consistent with independent estimates of excess mortality, and our estimates of cumulative incidence of infection are consistent with seroprevalence estimates from available antibody testing studies.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.17.20133983v2" target="_blank">Reconstructing the course of the COVID-19 epidemic over 2020 for US states and counties: results of a Bayesian evidence synthesis model</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Healthcare worker intentions to receive a COVID-19 vaccine and reasons for hesitancy: A survey of 16,158 health system employees on the eve of vaccine distribution</strong> -
<div>
Now published in JAMA Network Open doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.5344. Healthcare workers (HCWs) have been recommended to receive first priority for limited COVID-19 vaccines. They have also been identified as potential ambassadors of COVID-19 vaccine acceptance, helping to ensure that sufficient members of a hesitant public accept COVID-19 vaccines to achieve population immunity. Yet HCWs themselves have shown vaccine hesitancy in other contexts and the few prior surveys of U.S. HCW intentions to receive a COVID-19 vaccine report acceptance rates of only 28% to 34%. However, it is unknown whether HCW acceptance remains low following mid-November announcements of the efficacy of the first COVID-19 vaccines and the issuance of two emergency use authorizations (EUA) in December. We report the results of a December 2020 survey (N = 16,158; response rate 61%) administered by a large Pennsylvania health system to determine the intentions of its employees to receive a vaccine when it is offered to them. In a mixed sample of individuals serving in patient-facing and other roles, 55% would decide to receive a COVID-19 vaccine when offered, 16.4% would not, and 28.5% reported being undecided. The distribution of responses varied little across hospital campuses, between those in patient-facing roles and other HCWs, or by area or department of work. The higher rate of COVID-19 vaccine acceptance we observe may reflect the framing and timing of our survey. Among hesitant respondents, an overwhelming majority (90.3%) reported concerns about unknown risks and insufficient data. Other commonly reported concerns included known side effects (57.4%) and wanting to wait until they see how it goes with others (44.4%). We observed a substantial increase in self-reported intent to receive a COVID-19 vaccine after an FDA advisory committee voted to recommend an EUA. Among respondents who completed the survey after that point in time, 79% intend to receive a COVID-19 vaccine (n = 1155). Although only suggestive, this trend offers hope that rates of COVID-19 vaccine acceptance may be higher among HCWs and, perhaps, the general public than more hypothetical survey results have indicated.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://psyarxiv.com/ge6uh/" target="_blank">Healthcare worker intentions to receive a COVID-19 vaccine and reasons for hesitancy: A survey of 16,158 health system employees on the eve of vaccine distribution</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Rational Selection of PCR Primer/Probe Design Sites for SARS-CoV-2</strong> -
<div>
Various reports of decreased analytical sensitivities of real-time PCR-based detection of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) have been associated with occurrence of mutations in the target area of primer/probe binding. Knowledge about propensities of different genes to undergo mutation can inform researchers to select optimal genes to target for the qPCR design. We analyzed supplementary data from over 45 thousand SARS-CoV-2 genomes provided by Mercatelli et al to calculate the unique and prevalent mutations in different genes of SARS-CoV-2. We found that non-structural proteins in the ORF1ab region were more conserved compared to structural genes. Further factors which need to be relied upon for proper selection of genes for qPCR design are discussed.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.04.438420v1" target="_blank">Rational Selection of PCR Primer/Probe Design Sites for SARS-CoV-2</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Rapid, point-of-care molecular diagnostics with Cas13</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Rapid nucleic acid testing is a critical component of a robust infrastructure for increased disease surveillance. Here, we report a microfluidic platform for point-of-care, CRISPR-based molecular diagnostics. We first developed a nucleic acid test which pairs distinct mechanisms of DNA and RNA amplification optimized for high sensitivity and rapid kinetics, linked to Cas13 detection for specificity. We combined this workflow with an extraction-free sample lysis protocol using shelf-stable reagents that are widely available at low cost, and a multiplexed human gene control for calling negative test results. As a proof-of-concept, we demonstrate sensitivity down to 40 copies/μL of SARS-CoV-2 in unextracted saliva within 35 minutes, and validated the test on total RNA extracted from patient nasal swabs with a range of qPCR Ct values from 13-35. To enable sample-to-answer testing, we integrated this diagnostic reaction with a single-use, gravity-driven microfluidic cartridge followed by real-time fluorescent detection in a compact companion instrument. We envision this approach for Diagnostics with Coronavirus Enzymatic Reporting (DISCoVER) will incentivize frequent, fast, and easy testing.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.14.20247874v3" target="_blank">Rapid, point-of-care molecular diagnostics with Cas13</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>An emerging SARS-CoV-2 mutant evading cellular immunity and increasing viral infectivity</strong> -
<div>
During the current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic that is devastating the modern societies worldwide, many variants that naturally acquire multiple mutations have emerged. Emerging mutations can affect viral properties such as infectivity and immune resistance. Although the sensitivity of naturally occurring SARS-CoV-2 variants to humoral immunity has recently been investigated, that to human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-restricted cellular immunity remains unaddressed. Here we demonstrate that two recently emerging mutants in the receptor binding domain of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, L452R (in B.1.427/429) and Y453F (in B.1.298), can escape from the HLA-24-restricted cellular immunity. These mutations reinforce the affinity to viral receptor ACE2, and notably, the L452R mutation increases protein stability, viral infectivity, and potentially promotes viral replication. Our data suggest that the HLA-restricted cellular immunity potentially affects the evolution of viral phenotypes, and the escape from cellular immunity can be a further threat of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.02.438288v1" target="_blank">An emerging SARS-CoV-2 mutant evading cellular immunity and increasing viral infectivity</a>
</div></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-clinical-trials">From Clinical Trials</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Pilot Trial of XFBD, a TCM, in Persons With COVID-19</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   Covid19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Drug: Xuanfei Baidu Granules;   Other: Placebo<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Darcy Spicer<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>SERUR: COVID-19 Serological Survey of Staff From the University Reims-Champagne Ardennes</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   Covid19<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Diagnostic Test: Anti-SARS-CoV2 Serology<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne<br/><b>Completed</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Study of DS-5670a (COVID-19 Vaccine) in Japanese Healthy Adults and Elderly Subjects</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   Covid19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Biological: DS-5670a;   Biological: Placebo<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd.<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A Nurse-Community Health Worker-Family Partnership Model: Addressing Uptake of COVID-19 Testing and Control Measures</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Behavioral: Nurse-Community-Family Partnership Intervention<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   New York University<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A Study to Evaluate MVC-COV1901 Vaccine Against COVID-19 in Elderly Adults</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   Covid19 Vaccine<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Biological: MVC-COV1901 (High-Dose);   Biological: MVC-COV1901(Mid-Dose)<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Medigen Vaccine Biologics Corp.<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Immunogenicity and Safety of Recombinant COVID-19 Vaccine (CHO Cells)</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Biological: a middle-dose recombinant COVID-19 vaccine (CHO Cell) (18-59 years) at the schedule of day 0, 28, 56;   Biological: a high-dose recombinant COVID-19 vaccine (CHO Cell) (18-59 years) at the schedule of day 0, 28, 56;   Biological: a middle-dose recombinant COVID-19 vaccine (CHO Cell) (60-85 years) at the schedule of day 0, 28, 56;   Biological: a high-dose recombinant COVID-19 vaccine (CHO Cell) (60-85 years) at the schedule of day 0, 28, 56;   Biological: a middle-dose placebo (18-59 years) at the schedule of day 0, 28, 56;   Biological: a high-dose placebo (18-59 years) at the schedule of day 0, 28, 56;   Biological: a middle-dose placebo (60-85 years) at the schedule of day 0, 28, 56;   Biological: a high-dose placebo (60-85 years) at the schedule of day 0, 28, 56<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   Jiangsu Province Centers for Disease Control and Prevention;   Academy of Military Medical Sciences，Academy of Military Sciences，PLA ZHONGYIANKE Biotech Co, Ltd. LIAONINGMAOKANGYUAN Biotech Co, Ltd<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Efficacy, Immunogenicity and Safety of Inactivated ERUCOV-VAC Compared With Placebo in COVID-19</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Biological: ERUCOV-VAC 3 µg/0.5 ml Vaccine;   Biological: ERUCOV-VAC 6 µg/0.5 ml Vaccine;   Other: Placebo<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   Health Institutes of Turkey;   Erciyes University Scientific Research Projects Coordination<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>STOP-COVID19: Superiority Trial Of Protease Inhibition in COVID-19</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   Covid19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Drug: Brensocatib;   Drug: Placebo<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   University of Dundee;   NHS Tayside;   Insmed Incorporated<br/><b>Completed</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>The Effects of Web-Based Training for Covid-19 Patients on Symptom Management, Medication Compliance and Quality of Life</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Other: intervention group<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Eskisehir Osmangazi University<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Post COVID-19 Syndrome and the Gut-lung Axis</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   Covid19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Dietary Supplement: Omni-Biotic Pro Vi 5;   Dietary Supplement: Placebo<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   Medical University of Graz;   CBmed Ges.m.b.H.<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A Dose Finding, Efficacy and Safety Study of Ensovibep (MP0420) in Ambulatory Adult Patients With Symptomatic COVID-19</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Drug: ensovibep;   Drug: Placebo<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   Molecular Partners AG;   Novartis Pharmaceuticals;   Iqvia Pty Ltd;   Datamap;   SYNLAB Analytics &amp; Services Switzerland AG;   Q2 Solutions<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>The Impact of Fecal Microbiota Transplantation as an Immunomodulation on the Risk Reduction of COVID-19 Disease Progression With Escalating Cytokine Storm and Inflammatory Parameters</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   Covid19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Drug: Human fecal microbiota, MBiotix HBI;   Drug: Placebo;   Drug: SOC<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   Medical University of Warsaw;   Human Biome Institute, Poland<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Vitamin D, Omega-3, and Combination Vitamins B, C and Zinc Supplementation for the Treatment and Prevention of COVID-19</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   Covid19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Dietary Supplement: Vitamin D;   Dietary Supplement: Omega DHA / EPA;   Dietary Supplement: Vitamin C, Vitamin B complex and Zinc Acetate<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   Hospital de la Soledad;   Microclinic International<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Study on Sequential Immunization of Recombinant COVID-19 Vaccine (Adenovirus Vector) and Inactivated Vaccine</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Biological: recombinant Ad5 vectored COVID-19 vaccine;   Biological: inactive COVID-19 vaccine;   Biological: trivalent split influenza vaccine<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Jiangsu Province Centers for Disease Control and Prevention<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Respiratory Tele Monitoring COVID 19 (TMR COVID-19)</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   Covid19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Device: Radius PPG Tetherless Pulse Oximetry (Masimo);   Device: usual monitoring<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Assistance Publique Hopitaux De Marseille<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-pubmed">From PubMed</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Safety of hydroxychloroquine in healthcare workers for COVID-19 prophylaxis</strong> - BACKGROUND &amp; OBJECTIVES: Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), reported to inhibit severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) replication in in vitro studies, has been recommended for prophylaxis of COVID-19 in healthcare workers (HCWs). The objective of this study was to assess short-term adverse events (AEs) of HCQ in HCWs.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A review on the clinical trials of repurposing therapeutic drugs, mechanisms and preventive measures against SARS-CoV-2</strong> - Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a highly transmittable pathogenic viral infection that causes a disease known as COVID-19. It is a pandemic and public health challenge ravaging the world today. Unfortunately, with the daily increase of infected individuals, there is no known drug approved for the treatment of COVID-19. However, there are therapeutic drugs with the potentials to inhibit endocytic pathways, suppress ribonucleic acid (RNA) polymerase activities, and…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Phyto-pharmacological perspective of Silymarin: A potential prophylactic or therapeutic agent for COVID-19, based on its promising immunomodulatory, anti-coagulant and anti-viral property</strong> - Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) triggered by a new viral pathogen, named severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), is now a global health emergency. This debilitating viral pandemic not only paralyzed the normal daily life of the global community but also spread rapidly via global travel. To date there are no effective vaccines or specific treatments against this highly contagious virus; therefore, there is an urgent need to advocate novel prophylactic or therapeutic…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Potential anti-COVID-19 agents, Cepharanthine and Nelfinavir, and their usage for combination treatment</strong> - Antiviral treatments targeting the coronavirus disease 2019 are urgently required. We screened a panel of already-approved drugs in a cell culture model of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) and identified two new agents having higher antiviral potentials than the drug candidates such as Remdesivir and Chroloquine in VeroE6/TMPRSS2 cells: the anti-inflammatory drug Cepharanthine and HIV protease inhibitor Nelfinavir. Cepharanthine inhibited SARS-CoV-2 entry through the…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>The exacerbation of violence against women as a form of discrimination in the period of the COVID-19 pandemic</strong> - The crisis provoked by COVID-19 has rapidly and profoundly affected Latin America. The impacts are seen not only in infection and mortality rates, but also in the economic decline and increased inequality that plague the region, problems which have been exacerbated as a result of the pandemic. Women, in particular, constitute one of the groups most heavily impacted by the pandemic, facing higher rates of unemployment and furloughing due to structural discrimination and a subsequent increase in…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Combination of Angiotensin (1-7) Agonists and Convalescent Plasma as a New Strategy to Overcome Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) Inhibition for the Treatment of COVID-19</strong> - Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is currently the most concerning health problem worldwide. SARS-CoV-2 infects cells by binding to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). It is believed that the differential response to SARS-CoV-2 is correlated with the differential expression of ACE2. Several reports proposed the use of ACE2 pharmacological inhibitors and ACE2 antibodies to block viral entry. However, ACE2…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Mesenchymal Stem Cells for the Compassionate Treatment of Severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Due to COVID 19</strong> - Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) have received particular attention due to their ability to inhibit inflammation caused by cytokine storm induced by COVID-19. In this way some patients have been treated successfully. The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and describe the clinical changes after IV administration of allogeneic human umbilical cord MSC (ahUCMSC), in patients with bilateral pneumonia caused by COVID-19, complicated with severe ARDS, as compassionate treatment. This was a…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Repurposing Anti-Malaria Phytomedicine Artemisinin as a COVID-19 Drug</strong> - Artemisinin is an anti-inflammatory phytomedicine with broad-spectrum antiviral activity. Artemisinin and its antimalarial properties were discovered by the Chinese scientist Tu Youyu, who became one of the laureates of the 2015 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for this breakthrough in tropical medicine. It is a commonly used anti-malaria drug. Artemisinin has recently been repurposed as a potential COVID-19 drug. Its documented anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity has been attributed to its ability to…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A Scoping Insight on Potential Prophylactics, Vaccines and Therapeutic Weaponry for the Ongoing Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic- A Comprehensive Review</strong> - The emergence of highly virulent CoVs (SARS-CoV-2), the etiologic agent of novel ongoing “COVID-19” pandemics has been marked as an alarming case of pneumonia posing a large global healthcare crisis of unprecedented magnitude. Currently, the COVID-19 outbreak has fueled an international demand in the biomedical field for the mitigation of the fast-spreading illness, all through the urgent deployment of safe, effective, and rational therapeutic strategies along with epidemiological control….</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Targeted design of drug binding sites in the main protease of SARS-CoV-2 reveals potential signatures of adaptation</strong> - Several existing drugs are currently being tested worldwide to treat COVID-19 patients. Recent data indicate that SARS-CoV-2 is rapidly evolving into more transmissible variants. It is therefore highly possible that SARS-CoV-2 can accumulate adaptive mutations modulating drug susceptibility and hampering viral antigenicity. Thus, it is vital to predict potential non-synonymous mutation sites and predict the evolution of protein structural modifications leading to drug tolerance. As two…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>ALG-097111, a potent and selective SARS-CoV-2 3-chymotrypsin-like cysteine protease inhibitor exhibits in vivo efficacy in a Syrian Hamster model</strong> - There is an urgent need for antivirals targeting the SARS-CoV-2 virus to fight the current COVID-19 pandemic. The SARS-CoV-2 main protease (3CLpro) represents a promising target for antiviral therapy. The lack of selectivity for some of the reported 3CLpro inhibitors, specifically versus cathepsin L, raises potential safety and efficacy concerns. ALG-097111 potently inhibited SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro (IC(50) = 7 nM) without affecting the activity of human cathepsin L (IC(50) &gt; 10 μM). When ALG-097111…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Porcine deltacoronavirus nsp10 antagonizes interferon-β production independently of its zinc finger domains</strong> - Porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) is a novel swine enteropathogenic coronavirus that causes serious vomiting and diarrhea in piglets. Previous work demonstrated that PDCoV infection inhibits type I interferon (IFN) production. Here, we found that ectopic expression of PDCoV nsp10 significantly inhibited Sendai virus (SeV)-induced IFN-β production by impairing the phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of two transcription factors, IRF3 and NF-κB p65 subunit. Interestingly, experiments with…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Antiviral effect of fufang yinhua jiedu (FFYH) granules against influenza A virus through regulating the inflammatory responses by TLR7/MyD88 signaling pathway</strong> - CONCLUSION: FFYH not only showed a broad-spectrum of anti-influenza virus activity in vitro, but also exhibited a significant protective effect against lethal influenza virus infection in vivo. Furthermore, our results indicated that the in vivo antiviral effect of FFYH against influenza virus may be attributed to suppressing the expression of inflammatory cytokines via regulating the TLR7/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway. These findings provide evidence for the clinical treatment of influenza A…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>BET inhibition blocks inflammation-induced cardiac dysfunction and SARS-CoV-2 infection</strong> - Cardiac injury and dysfunction occur in COVID-19 patients and increase the risk of mortality. Causes are ill defined but could be through direct cardiac infection and/or inflammation-induced dysfunction. To identify mechanisms and cardio-protective drugs, we use a state-of-the-art pipeline combining human cardiac organoids with phosphoproteomics and single nuclei RNA sequencing. We identify an inflammatory “cytokine-storm”, a cocktail of interferon gamma, interleukin 1β, and poly(I:C), induced…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>New Approaches to the Prevention and Treatment of Viral Diseases</strong> - The review discusses a new approach to the prevention and treatment of viral infections based on the use of pine needles polyprenyl phosphate (PPP) and associated with the infringement of prenylation process-the attachment of farnesol or geranyl geraniol to the viral protein. Currently, prenylation has been detected in type 1 adenovirus, hepatitis C virus, several herpes viruses, influenza virus, HIV. However, this list is far from complete, given that prenylated proteins play an extremely…</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-patent-search">From Patent Search</h1>
<ul>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>5-(4-TERT-BUTOXY PHENYL)-3-(4N-OCTYLOXYPHENYL)-4,5-DIHYDROISOXAZOLE MOLECULE (C-I): A PROMISING DRUG FOR SARS-COV-2 (TARGET I) AND BLOOD CANCER (TARGET II)</strong> - The present invention relates to a method ofmolecular docking of crystalline compound (C-I) with SARS-COV 2 proteins and its repurposing with proteins of blood cancer, comprising the steps of ; employing an algorithmto carry molecular docking calculations of the crystalized compound (C-I); studying the compound computationally to understand the effect of binding groups with the atoms of the amino acids on at least four target proteins of SARS-COV 2; downloading the structure of the proteins; removing water molecules, co enzymes and inhibitors attached to the enzymes; drawing the structure using Chem Sketch software; converting the mol file into a PDB file; using crystalized compound (C-I) for comparative and drug repurposing with two other mutated proteins; docking compound into the groove of the proteins; saving format of docked molecules retrieved; and filtering and docking the best docked results. - <a href="https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=IN320884617">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>USING CLINICAL ONTOLOGIES TO BUILD KNOWLEDGE BASED CLINICAL DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM FOR NOVEL CORONAVIRUS (COVID-19) WITH THE ADOPTION OF TELECONFERENCING FOR THE PRIMARY HEALTH CENTRES/SATELLITE CLINICS OF ROYAL OMAN POLICE IN SULTANATE OF OMAN</strong> - - <a href="https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=AU320796026">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Peptides and their use in diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection</strong> - - <a href="https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=AU319943278">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A PROCESS FOR SUCCESSFUL MANAGEMENT OF COVID 19 POSITIVE PATIENTS</strong> - - <a href="https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=AU319942709">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>IN SILICO SCREENING OF ANTIMYCOBACTERIAL NATURAL COMPOUNDS WITH THE POTENTIAL TO DIRECTLY INHIBIT SARS COV 2</strong> - IN SILICO SCREENING OF ANTIMYCOBACTERIAL NATURAL COMPOUNDS WITH THE POTENTIAL TO DIRECTLY INHIBIT SARS COV 2Insilico screening of antimycobacterial natural compounds with the potential to directly inhibit SARS COV2 relates to the composition for treating SARS-COV-2 comprising the composition is about 0.1 – 99% and other pharmaceutically acceptable excipients. The composition also treats treating SARS, Ebola, Hepatitis-B and Hepatitis–C comprising the composition is about 0.1 – 99% and other pharmaceutically acceptable excipients. - <a href="https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=IN320777840">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>一种用于检测新型冠状病毒COVID-19的引物组及试剂盒</strong> - 本发明涉及生物技术领域，特别是涉及一种用于检测冠状病毒的引物组及试剂盒，所述引物组包括以下中的一对或多对：外侧引物对：所述外侧引物对包括如SEQ ID NO:1所示的上游引物F3和如SEQ ID NO:2所示的下游引物B3；内侧引物对：所述内侧引物对包括如SEQ ID NO:3所示的上游引物FIP和如SEQ ID NO:4所示的下游引物BIP；环引物对：所述环引物对包括如SEQ ID NO:5所示的上游引物LF和如SEQ ID NO:6所示的下游引物LB。试剂盒包括所述引物组。本发明在一个管中整合了RT‑LAMP和CRISPR，能依据两次颜色变化检测病毒和各种靶标核酸。 - <a href="https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=CN321132047">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>新冠病毒中和性抗体检测试剂盒</strong> - 本发明提供一种新冠病毒中和性抗体检测试剂盒。所述试剂盒基于BAS‑HTRF技术，主要包含：生物素标记的hACE2、新冠病毒棘突蛋白RBD‑Tag1、能量供体Streptavidin‑Eu cryptate、能量受体MAb Anti‑Tag1‑d2和新冠病毒中和性抗体。本发明将BAS和HTRF两种技术相结合，用于筛选新型冠状病毒中和性抗体，3小时内即可实现筛选，且操作简单，无需经过多次洗板过程。BAS和HTRF联用大大提升了反应灵敏度，且两种体系都能最大限度地减少非特异的干扰，适用于血清样品的检测。该方法可实现高通量检测，对解决大批量样品的新冠病毒中和性抗体的检测具有重要意义。 - <a href="https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=CN321131958">link</a></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Infektionsschutzmaske</strong> -
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
</p><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">Infektionsschutzmaske (1) zum Schutz vor Übertragung von Infektionskrankheiten mit einer Außen - und einer Innenseite (2,3) sowie Haltemitteln (5) zum Befestigen der Infektionsschutzmaske (1) am Kopf eines Maskenträgers, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass an der Infektionsschutzmaske (1) mindestens eine Testoberfläche (6) zum Nachweis von Auslösern einer Infektionskrankheit derart angeordnet ist, dass diese bei korrekt angelegter Infektionsschutzmaske (1) mit der Ausatemluft des Maskenträgers unmittelbar in Kontakt gelangt.</p></li>
</ul>
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"></p>
<ul>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><a href="https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=DE321222652">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Sars-CoV-2 vaccine antigens</strong> - - <a href="https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=AU318283136">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>SARS-COV-2 BINDING PROTEINS</strong> - - <a href="https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=AU318004130">link</a></p></li>
</ul>
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<h1 data-aos="fade-down" id="daily-dose">Daily-Dose</h1>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" data-aos-anchor-placement="top-bottom" id="contents">Contents</h1>
<ul>
<li><a href="#from-new-yorker">From New Yorker</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-vox">From Vox</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-the-hindu-sports">From The Hindu: Sports</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-the-hindu-national-news">From The Hindu: National News</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-bbc-europe">From BBC: Europe</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-ars-technica">From Ars Technica</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-jokes-subreddit">From Jokes Subreddit</a></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-new-yorker">From New Yorker</h1>
<ul>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Biden’s Jobs Plan Is Also a Climate Plan. Will It Make a Difference?</strong> - The Administration has an ambitious vision for combatting global warming, but it’s only a start. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2021/04/12/bidens-jobs-plan-is-also-a-climate-plan-will-it-make-a-difference">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>The Powerful New Financial Argument for Fossil-Fuel Divestment</strong> - A report by BlackRock, the world’s largest investment house, shows that those who divested have profited not only morally but also financially. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/daily-comment/the-powerful-new-financial-argument-for-fossil-fuel-divestment">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Is Biden Really the Second Coming of F.D.R. and L.B.J.?</strong> - Proposing historic legislation is not transformative; passing it is. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/letter-from-bidens-washington/is-biden-really-the-second-coming-of-fdr-and-lbj">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Randi Weingarten on Opening Schools Safely</strong> - The head of the American Federation of Teachers discusses why she’s skeptical of new guidance from the Centers for Disease Control. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/q-and-a/randi-weingarten-on-opening-schools-safely">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Biden’s New Deal and the Future of Human Capital</strong> - The President introduced the first part of his economic program, involving airports and bridges. The second, which invests in “human infrastructure,” could define his Administration. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/annals-of-populism/bidens-new-deal-and-the-future-of-human-capital">link</a></p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-vox">From Vox</h1>
<ul>
<li><strong>How Amazon and America’s one-click obsession are warping our workforce</strong> -
<figure>
<img alt="An Amazon truck seen out of focus. " src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/3ZcsMgK35HvljMLZpOYEk4HOVn0=/0x0:2667x2000/1310x983/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_image/image/69082513/1232004079.0.jpg"/>
<figcaption>
Elijah Nouvelage/Getty Images
</figcaption>
</figure>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
A conversation with Alec MacGillis about his new book on Amazon and the hidden costs of its dominance.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="ZTRDzK">
Bill Bodani Jr. spent most of his adult life working at Bethlehem Steel, just outside Baltimore.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="AxD86W">
Around the year 2000, an injury on the job forced him into early retirement in his mid-50s. Not too long after that, Bethlehem Steel went bankrupt and was finally dissolved in 2003. Bodani’s pension was eventually slashed from $3,000 to $1,600 a month. At 69 years old he was forced to take a job as a forklift driver at an Amazon warehouse, located in the same place the old steel mill used to sit, where he was paid roughly $12 an hour, a steep drop from his previous wage of $35 an hour.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="jsQeYk">
These are the kinds of stories you encounter in Alec MacGillis’s new book about Amazon called <a href="https://us.macmillan.com/books/9780374159276"><em>Fulfillment: Winning and Losing in One-Click America</em></a>. It’s not a book about the inner workings of the company or the peculiarities of its mega-billionaire founder, Jeff Bezos. Instead, it’s a book about what Amazon has done to the country, about the many ways it has transformed our economy and accelerated its most destructive tendencies.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="0a4nk6">
I reached out to MacGillis, who’s also a veteran reporter at ProPublica, to talk about the rise of Amazon and how it’s altered the geography of the country, how Amazon bullies employees and strong-arms local governments, and if he’s encouraged by the recent efforts of <a href="https://www.vox.com/the-highlight/22320009/amazon-bessemer-union-rwdsu-alabama">Amazon workers in Bessemer, Alabama</a>, to unionize.<strong> </strong>(The vote was held last Monday, and the results could come as early as this week, but possibly much later.)
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="5n2Vf6">
This is a conversation about the consequences of Amazon’s dominance, but it’s also a conversation about my complicity and yours. Many of us use Amazon every day, and we’re content to look the other way in exchange for what MacGillis calls “one-click satisfaction.” If nothing else, this exchange is a chance to reflect on what that says about our world and what we might do to improve it. (Amazon hasn’t responded to MacGillis’s book, but the company <a href="https://www.cnbc.com/2020/05/27/amazon-ceo-jeff-bezos-rebuffs-warehouse-safety-concerns.html">has consistently defended</a> its working conditions and emphasized its role as a job creator — although it was <a href="https://www.cnbc.com/2021/04/03/amazon-apologizes-for-tweet-dismissing-claim-workers-pee-in-bottles.html">forced to apologize</a> last week after falsely denying allegations that workers are occasionally made to urinate in bottles.)
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="b7NakV">
A lightly edited transcript of our conversation follows.
</p>
<h4 id="9Bf48w">
Sean Illing
</h4>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="EQJowW">
Your book is about how Amazon has essentially altered the geography of the country in terms of both wealth and power. So I’ll start there: Which parts of the country have gained, and which parts have lost?
</p>
<h4 id="WUI9eY">
Alec MacGillis
</h4>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="dxEBpY">
This book didn’t start as a book about Amazon. It started as a book about our growing regional disparities. We’ve always had richer and poorer places, but the gaps have gotten so much bigger. We used to have wealth and prosperity spread out much more evenly across the country. In the mid-1960s, for instance, the 25 wealthiest cities in the country by median income included Cleveland, Milwaukee, Des Moines, and my favorite, Rockford, Illinois. And then a whole bunch of other Midwestern cities. Today, there <a href="https://washingtonmonthly.com/magazine/novdec-2015/bloom-and-bust/">are just a handful</a> of non-coastal cities on that list of 25.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="uUoIcO">
As recently as 1980, there were only a few parts of the country — mostly in Appalachia and the Deep South — that had median incomes more than 20 percent below the average, and then you had a small number of places that were 20 percent above the average, like DC and the New York suburbs, for example. But now <a href="https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/0002716219868141">whole swathes of the country</a> are 20 percent below the average and it includes basically the entire Midwest, while huge strips of the coast are now above the 20 percent above the average.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="EdGFhL">
So the goal was to write about this massive shift. We talk a ton about income inequality, but not enough about regional inequalities. And I settled on Amazon as the perfect frame for this story.
</p>
<h4 id="mdAW3Q">
Sean Illing
</h4>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="mmTaOe">
Is Amazon to blame for this, or did larger forces, like globalization, make this redistribution inevitable?
</p>
<h4 id="8FrX0g">
Alec MacGillis
</h4>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Qfl1bN">
Amazon is both a symptom and a cause. It’s a good frame for the book partly because Amazon is everywhere and everything is in its shadow. So it’s a metaphor in that sense. But then it’s also a cause because regional inequality is tied to the concentration of so many sectors of our economy in certain places and in certain companies.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="vaqaKq">
I like to explain this by pointing to what has happened to media. It used to be that media revenue was spread all around the country — among local newspapers, TV, radio, etc. But now with the shift to digital, we have a situation in which 60 percent of all digital ad revenue is flowing to two tech companies [Facebook and Google], both of which are based in the Bay Area.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="qipMdP">
The same thing has happened in the retail world, where the money and business activity used to be spread all around the country, but now it flows to a single company that’s based in Seattle, a town that’s now experiencing <a href="https://www.seattletimes.com/seattle-news/data/seattle-hits-record-high-for-income-inequality-now-rivals-san-francisco/">incredible levels of inequality</a>.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="WvdJmJ">
So to your question, would this be happening regardless of Amazon? It’s a big question, and my answer is twofold. Yeah, there are structural changes in the economy that definitely encourage agglomeration and a winner-take-all dynamic. But at the same time, Amazon has absolutely made things worse.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Yal129">
Amazon might say, “We just happen to be the company in this slot right now, but it could have easily been someone else.” But that overlooks the fact that this particular company, with this particular leadership, made specific decisions over the years that have made things worse, with a particularly <a href="https://fortune.com/2019/03/01/amazon-federal-corporate-income-tax/">aggressive pursuit of tax avoidance</a> at all levels, with particularly <a href="https://www.theverge.com/2021/4/3/22365330/amazon-apology-pee-bottles-worker-warehouse-union-pocan">high-pressured demands on workers at warehouses</a>, with a particular decision to put its second headquarters <a href="https://www.cnbc.com/2019/07/10/amazon-reveals-the-truth-on-why-it-nixed-ny-and-chose-virginia-for-hq2.html">in the DC area</a>, one of the richest in the country, instead of trying to rebalance things.
</p>
<h4 id="s3kPJg">
Sean Illing
</h4>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="DFJ4IO">
There’s a lot going on there, but first I want to be super clear about the way Amazon moves into some of these communities. You describe a two-step process: Amazon upends all of these brick-and-mortar retail businesses and then swoops into the areas where the laid-off employees live and hires them as underpaid bodies in their warehouses.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="EFFfKl">
Is that basically right?
</p>
<h4 id="ei8DV6">
Alec MacGillis
</h4>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="n3S9rb">
It is. And that’s what’s confounding about the response I got from them, which is, “Well, at least we’re providing jobs in these places. We’re not like Google and Facebook. We actually have a physical presence, and we’re hiring thousands of people in these communities that lack jobs.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="N2DspO">
And that’s true to a certain extent. They absolutely are employing people in numbers way beyond the other tech giants. They’re <a href="https://www.usatoday.com/story/money/business/2019/03/30/largest-employer-each-state-walmart-top-us-amazon-second/39236965/">now second only to Walmart</a>, gaining fast for biggest employer in America. But what that overlooks is that there has been this massive wipeout of brick-and-mortar retail. We talk about coal miners getting laid off, but countless more <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/2019/11/22/if-that-was-retail-apocalypse-then-where-are-refugees/">retail workers have been laid off</a>. The professional retail clerk took more losses than any other in recent years.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="80zMdO">
To put it simply, what you have now are the sort of jobs that once allowed a 55-year-old woman in Elmira, New York, to manage a jewelry counter at a department store being replaced by a warehouse job that pays less, involves much more strenuous working conditions, is far more socially isolating, and that same 55-year-old woman will have a much harder time hacking it.
</p>
<div class="c-float-right">
<figure class="e-image">
<img alt=" " src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/IRaP6xxoSTWDYpqAyX74bIcM5yw=/800x0/filters:no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22407747/FULFILLMENT_cover.jpg"/>
</figure>
</div>
<h4 id="JgmpWW">
Sean Illing
</h4>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="UF1Dmo">
You called these new Amazon jobs “strenuous” and “socially isolating” just now, but that doesn’t adequately capture it like you do in the book. We’re talking about intensely rote and inhuman work. We’re talking about a company that uses algorithms to track productivity and bathroom breaks.
</p>
<h4 id="M71qJ9">
Alec MacGillis
</h4>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="HyeNT6">
These are really grueling jobs. There’s a reason why the turnover is so high. And if anything, the jobs have only gotten more rote and more repetitive and more isolated as the robots at the warehouses have gotten more automated. It used to be the iconic Amazon job was the picker who roamed the corridors looking for items, looking for the dildos. And there was a whole literature around that job. You walked so many miles a day that you wore out your shoes. But there was at least some level of autonomy and a bit of a hunt to the enterprise.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="YaX8iv">
Now the warehouses have these incredible robots that zoom around and do a lot of the legwork, and the human pickers are standing in fixed locations for their entire 10-hour shift, pulling things out of the shelves as they come to them. And it’s actually a much more rote kind of activity. And there are other jobs that are even more mechanical, where you have employees essentially standing at one conveyor belt and taking things off of it so they can put them on another belt. Over and over and over again. For basically the entire shift.
</p>
<h4 id="L7QHpC">
Sean Illing
</h4>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="IxZ0jj">
<a href="https://theintercept.com/2021/03/25/amazon-drivers-pee-bottles-union/">There are reports</a> of Amazon workers peeing in bottles because they don’t want to be caught taking an extra bathroom break —
</p>
<h4 id="j3xLEy">
Alec MacGillis
</h4>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="1eD7yw">
Yeah, the core chapter of my book is titled “Dignity.” It’s about a man named Bill Bodani, who had to go work at an Amazon warehouse for half the wage he made at the steel mill in the exact same location. And he doesn’t have enough time to get to the bathroom often. He’s an older man, so he has to go a lot. He uses up his two short breaks over the 10-hour shift and, once in a while, he goes off in the corner with his forklift, tries to get out of view of the cameras, and takes a quick leak. It’s incredibly undignified.
</p>
<h4 id="dwuKV3">
Sean Illing
</h4>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="yWW3VJ">
So Amazon only gives warehouse workers two bathroom breaks per 10-hour shift?
</p>
<h4 id="Dem6Mx">
Alec MacGillis
</h4>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="5fiDjr">
Right. The way it generally works is you have a short meal break halfway through your shift, and then you’re allowed two short bathroom breaks. And he just needed more. And it takes so long to get across the floor of these massive warehouses to get to the bathroom. So often, by the time you get there, you’ve all but used it up.
</p>
<h4 id="xYwn69">
Sean Illing
</h4>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="SPJPJL">
A big part of your book details how Amazon is able to strong-arm local governments, often forcing obscene concessions. What sorts of demands does the company make from local<strong> </strong>officials?
</p>
<h4 id="M8PrUp">
Alec MacGillis
</h4>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="6ftJrF">
The company’s demands of local governments are extraordinarily aggressive. It seeks large reductions on its future tax bills, on the property taxes owed for the warehouse or data center, and sometimes also on the payroll taxes owed on the workers.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="2yAIws">
For one data center outside Columbus, Ohio,<strong> </strong>it even got the town to give it the land for it <a href="https://www.bizjournals.com/columbus/news/2014/09/09/dublin-offering-amazon-free-land-as-lure-for.html">essentially for free</a>. And it demands secrecy from the local officials. They agree to call the projects by code names and not reveal Amazon’s identity until the very last second, and to disclose no more than the bare minimum of documentation required by public information requests.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="J1dwrg">
One county official in southwest Ohio apologized to the company when a quote of hers surfaced in a local news report. She assured them that she hadn’t granted the reporter an interview, that it was just something that she had let slip out in a public meeting. And she assured them it wouldn’t happen again.
</p>
<h4 id="lgZXc7">
Sean Illing
</h4>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="eJMNBl">
Why is Amazon consistently able to bend state and local governments to its will, even at the expense of the people who live in these places?
</p>
<h4 id="xNyTQC">
Alec MacGillis
</h4>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="mj2MaT">
It’s mostly the belief that they have no choice, that this is the only option on the table for their community. So if you’ve had your manufacturing base wiped out in Baltimore or southwest Ohio or wherever it might be, and then along comes this company that’s going to hire 2,000 people at a warehouse, it’s hard to say no.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="xyaEgu">
What’s so confounding is that it’s clear the company’s going to come there anyway. They have to fulfill their promise of one- or two-day delivery. And in order to do that, they have to be in a lot of different places. And so it’s not like Amazon can just decide to not be in Maryland and go to Alabama instead if they’re not absurdly generous with their tax subsidies, because they have to be everywhere.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="xQRymr">
What I find striking isn’t just the obsequiousness when it came to offering the subsidies to Amazon, but also the obsequiousness when it came to promising secrecy, to the point of apologizing to Amazon when they had to occasionally give information to a reporter who asked.
</p>
<h4 id="XK8gJa">
Sean Illing
</h4>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="isClK9">
I want to deal with the elephant in the room, which is the role we’re all playing in Amazon’s dominance.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="RyiZeT">
However destructive Amazon becomes, the one-click satisfaction it offers is probably too enticing for most people to give a shit about anything else. And the human costs of this are purely abstract for most people, just as the <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/apple-forced-uighur-labor-iphone-factory-2020-3">iPhone labor camps</a> in China are. But I suppose this is partly what makes global capitalism so powerful: it separates us from the costs of our conveniences. I’m not sure any company in human history has ever distilled this as neatly as Amazon does.
</p>
<h4 id="0yAZyg">
Alec MacGillis
</h4>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="JNkMv9">
I think that’s exactly right. Amazon has perfected that seamlessness. It’s just pure instant gratification. I’m holding out hope that, coming out of this year, we can jolt ourselves out of this situation we’ve been in. Whatever reservations we may have had about going all-in on the one-click satisfaction went totally out the window during the pandemic. We felt like we had permission to fully embrace it, and not just with Amazon but with other forms of our daily life and consumption.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="D1qgI5">
I hope we can snap out of this on the other side of the pandemic. And I’m not an absolutist. I’m not calling for boycotts. It’s not about just full renunciation. I use Amazon if I have to, if I can’t find what I’m looking for elsewhere.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="9Bl1mv">
But the scale of the embrace has driven the enormous growth and power of Amazon, and I think it’s so important for us to re-engage with the physical world around us in the places we live. Both in terms of going back to our local shops and also maybe not zonking out on Netflix so much. Otherwise, there’s not going to be much of a town or city or neighborhood for us to go back to.
</p>
<h4 id="xwTwTo">
Sean Illing
</h4>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Y6xVJ4">
Do the <a href="https://www.vox.com/recode/22311708/amazon-union-alabama-vote-explained">recents efforts of Amazon employees</a> — in Alabama especially — to unionize give you much hope?
</p>
<h4 id="igptmK">
Alec MacGillis
</h4>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="63k7xm">
Well, I won’t try to guess how things will turn out in Alabama. It’s going to be tough because Amazon has set the bar incredibly high in terms of expanding the pool of the electorate, which is something employers often do. They expand the pool beyond the likeliest yes voters, so that it’s tougher to get a majority. So it’ll be tough. But the fact that there is an election at all in Alabama is extraordinary.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="viE9Mc">
I tend to see all this in grand, historic terms. These Amazon warehouses are like the mass workplaces of our time. This is the place you now go if you just need a job at a given time, in a given place. You can probably get a job at Amazon. And it’s not going to pay all that much and it’s going to be really tough work, but it’s just what a lot of people now do, by the hundreds of thousands. And it’ll just keep growing and growing.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Y0RtkP">
And so the question is, can Amazon be the Bethlehem Steel of our time? Those steel jobs were incredibly low-paying and grueling in the early 20th century, but then the conditions greatly improved, largely through unionization, and they were transformed into middle-class careers.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="g0VBcY">
My hope is that the arc of history can turn one more notch, and that these warehouse workers can enjoy their own 1950s moment.
</p></li>
<li><strong>Senate Democrats can now officially pass more bills with 51 votes</strong> -
<figure>
<img alt="" src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/-AZNsaIa-hT1q2AgqVcSFxFJlG0=/24x0:3964x2955/1310x983/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_image/image/69080595/1231753601.0.jpg"/>
<figcaption>
Senate Majority Leader Chuck Schumer holds a press conference at the Capitol on March 16, 2021. | Kevin Dietsch/Getty Images
</figcaption>
</figure>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Democrats just got an unprecedented Senate blessing.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="3WImn1">
Senate Democrats just got some wonky procedural news that has some pretty big implications for President Joe Biden’s agenda.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="tLFShp">
On Monday night, the Senate parliamentarian — an in-house rules expert — determined that Democrats would be able to do a third budget reconciliation bill this year, a massive development that gives lawmakers more room to pass legislation without Republican support.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="RkrFyu">
Already, Democrats had the ability to do two budget reconciliation bills: one focused on fiscal year 2021 and one focused on fiscal year 2022. Unlike most other bills, budget measures can pass with just 51 votes, instead of 60, which means Democrats are able to usher through the legislation they want if all 50 members of their caucus are onboard. (With the <a href="https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2021/3/6/22315536/stimulus-package-passes-checks-unemployment">American Rescue Plan</a>, for instance, 50 Democrats were able to approve the $1.9 trillion package as part of the FY2021 budget bill, even though no Republicans backed it.)
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="u3OM5W">
“The Parliamentarian has advised that a revised budget resolution may contain budget reconciliation instructions,” <a href="https://twitter.com/JakeSherman/status/1379197757072801804/photo/1">said a spokesperson</a> for Senate Majority Leader Chuck Schumer in a statement. “This confirms the Leader’s interpretation of the Budget Act and allows Democrats additional tools to improve the lives of Americans if Republican obstruction continues.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="urtQFu">
With the new decision from the parliamentarian, Elizabeth MacDonough, Democrats can now do a third budget reconciliation bill, which means they can push through more ambitious measures as long as they are related to taxing and spending. The decision is based on MacDonough’s interpretation of Section 304 of the Congressional Budget Act of 1974, which allows lawmakers to revise a budget resolution before the end of the fiscal year that it covers. Given her decision, Democrats can now edit the 2021 budget resolution they already passed, and include instructions for another bill.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="XXyCMW">
Schumer’s spokesperson also noted that “no decisions have been made on a legislative path forward using Section 304 and some parameters still need to be worked out.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="7ixp0z">
Budget reconciliation has its limits: It can’t be used for policies like voting rights reforms or gun control, but it’s still a helpful tool that Democrats have already leveraged to pass a huge expansion of the child tax credit, enhanced unemployment aid, and another round of stimulus checks.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="XBcP6g">
Democrats now have another opportunity to advance parts of their agenda that Republicans would otherwise block. And the decision to push for a workaround shows how limited Democrats’ other options are to pass their agenda.
</p>
<h3 id="mro7M6">
Democrats are leaning on budget reconciliation amid disagreements over the filibuster
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="CUyLKv">
Democrats’ efforts to get the most they can out of budget reconciliation underscores the political context they are operating in: namely, that they have dwindling options for passing ambitious legislation.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="DtysbY">
If Democrats eliminated the legislative filibuster, all bills could then pass with 51 votes, instead of 60, removing the need to rely so heavily on budget reconciliation. But although an <a href="https://www.vox.com/2021/3/20/22341271/feinstein-filibuster-reform-talking-joe-manchin-kyrsten-sinema-joe-biden-senate-60-votes">increasing number of Democrats</a> appear open to at least modifying how the filibuster works, the caucus doesn’t have the votes it needs to eliminate it. Since moderate Sens. Joe Manchin (D-WV) and Kyrsten Sinema (D-AZ) have been <a href="https://www.vox.com/22319564/filibuster-reform-manchin-democrats-nuclear-option">staunch in their opposition</a> to ending the rule, it seems unlikely to change in the near term, meaning most bills will need 60 votes to pass.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="DJeYgZ">
To hit that threshold, Democrats will need to convince 10 Republicans to join them on most measures, an outcome that’s become increasingly unlikely for many of the party’s more ambitious bills. (On coronavirus relief, for example, Republicans’ opening bid was roughly a third of what President Joe Biden had proposed.)
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Z9FnkH">
By pushing for a reinterpretation of Section 304, Democrats seemed to be looking for other outlets for passing legislation if those in the caucus who are against eliminating the filibuster don’t budge.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="XQAfWH">
Now they have one extra shot.
</p>
<h3 id="wTBozB">
Infrastructure could be Democrats’ next budget reconciliation bill
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="K7zM6o">
Democrats’ attempts to clear the way for another budget bill also coincide with Biden unveiling <a href="https://www.vox.com/22361959/biden-infrastructure-jobs-plan-congress">a $2 trillion infrastructure and jobs package</a>, along with a proposal to raise the corporate tax rate to 28 percent to pay for it.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="xcIu2R">
The administration is pitching to Democrats and Republicans in Congress alike, but the prospects of getting a bipartisan bill done appear dim. In particular, Republicans are opposed to the tax increases, as well as some of the provisions of Biden’s plan that go beyond roads and bridges.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="HAO24q">
The parliamentarian’s decision gives more options and chances to use reconciliation to pass their priorities with 51 votes. Biden is expected to soon announce yet another package that deals with child care and health care. Though no final decisions have been made on the process, and how these plans will merge into a budget bill, Democrats could theoretically break Biden’s infrastructure plan and his forthcoming child care and health care plan into two different reconciliation bills — sticking one in the amended 2021 resolution and putting the rest in the 2022 resolution.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="WjPeSi">
There’s another option: Democrats and Republicans could pass a bipartisan infrastructure bill that deals more narrowly with roads and bridges, and then Democrats and the Biden administration put their remaining priorities into a budget reconciliation bill. Relevant House and Senate committees are currently working on a surface transportation reauthorization bill, which comes up every five years.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="3ienCp">
The five-year reauthorization bills deal pretty narrowly with fixing up roads and bridges, and Republicans on the committees think the reauthorization bill should be worked on and passed in a bipartisan way.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="0fKZgB">
“Our committee unanimously reported legislation to rebuild our nation’s water systems. This proves that infrastructure can and should be done on a bipartisan basis,” Sen. Shelley Moore Capito (R-WV), the ranking member of the Senate Committee on Environment and Health, said in a recent statement.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="3FrHVq">
However, the White House views its plan as a supplement to whatever Congress does on infrastructure on its own. Biden has proposed $621 billion for spending on the nation’s roads and bridges, rail and public transit, and airports and ports.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="bBjsKd">
“All elements of the plan reflect additional investment on top of existing programs and authorities,” an administration official told Vox. “On transportation infrastructure, the plan includes an additional roughly $600B above the five-year budget baseline, assuming a straight extension of FAST-Act funding levels for surface transportation programs.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="L8HJWB">
The next few months of negotiations between the White House and Congress will decide a lot about just how big and bold an infrastructure bill will be. But no matter what, budget reconciliation will factor in prominently.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="hjAEYM">
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="ADEvmL">
</p>
<h3 id="rcrdeL">
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Sw8oQs">
</p></li>
<li><strong>Trial by trauma</strong> -
<figure>
<img alt="" src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/L3z2B9ej7weMubAdwmnEzSxzXLQ=/0x0:2667x2000/1310x983/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_image/image/69080147/AP_21092685332127.0.jpg"/>
<figcaption>
Attendees at the “March to Stop Police Brutality” support each other in Robbinsdale, Minnesota, on April 1. | Chris Tuite/ImageSPACE/Getty Images
</figcaption>
</figure>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
The Derek Chauvin trial is retraumatizing Black Americans.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="18QyGF">
It’s been more than 300 days since Minneapolis police officer Derek Chauvin pinned down George Floyd’s neck — but time hasn’t dampened the mental anguish of seeing a Black man die under the weight of a white man sworn to protect the public.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="qjlIxO">
Instead, Chauvin’s criminal trial, which began on March 29 and is expected to continue for weeks, has only heightened the emotional toll of the disturbing event.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="sswPo8">
Chauvin faces charges of manslaughter and murder, and to make their case — that Floyd died because Chauvin used excessive force — prosecutors have been relying heavily on the 9-minute, 29-second video that captured Floyd’s final moments. They’ve replayed it over and over to the courtroom, and to all those watching the proceedings live on television. The video’s been slowed down, it’s been rewound, and witnesses have been repeatedly asked to identify themselves in the footage.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="jPpBYQ">
Jerry Blackwell, a lawyer for the prosecution and founder of the Minnesota Association of Black Lawyers, issued a warning before he played<strong> </strong>the video<strong> </strong>for the first time: “I need to tell you, the video is graphic and can be difficult to watch. It’s simply the nature of what we’re dealing with in this trial.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="5yhQpD">
But the warning was too late, a futile attempt to preserve decency. Floyd’s death and the impending trial against Chauvin loomed over the country for<strong> </strong>almost a year, amid a pandemic that’s only magnified injustice.<strong> </strong>The palpable effects of this trauma have been visible in the mental health of Black Americans, and in the witnesses taking the stand.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="BwUJhL">
Charles McMillian, 61, sobbed as he listened to himself tell Floyd, “You can’t win!” as Floyd struggled under Chauvin’s knee. Donald Williams II, a 33-year-old mixed martial artist with a background in security, eventually broke down as he testified about the “blood choke” that he saw Chauvin use on Floyd. Firefighter Genevieve Hansen, 27, fought back tears as she described feeling helpless at being unable to act in her capacity as an EMT to save Floyd’s life.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="gZtc6T">
Darnella Frazier, 18, who recorded the viral video while accompanied by her 9-year-old cousin — who also testified — explained how the incident has irreparably changed her life, from the way she sees Floyd in the Black men in her life to her repeated, prayer-like apologies to Floyd for not doing more.
</p>
<figure class="e-image">
<img alt=" " src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/pWz1N8PyYy3XqcZKqgE5z1elbQM=/800x0/filters:no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22421885/AP_21090694447654.jpg"/> <cite>Court TV/AP</cite>
<figcaption>
Charles McMillian, 61, sobbed as he listened to himself tell Floyd, “You can’t win!”
</figcaption>
</figure>
<figure class="e-image">
<img alt=" " src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/rO2VuiUJqxLQQwrVBIt72HAl-5U=/800x0/filters:no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22421886/AP_21089543123620.jpg"/> <cite>Court TV/AP</cite>
<figcaption>
Donald Williams II, 33, broke down as he testified about the “blood choke” that he saw Chauvin use on Floyd.
</figcaption>
</figure>
<figure class="e-image">
<img alt=" " src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/jXjezkE_M2PSZ9zNSeyJKwhFrSc=/800x0/filters:no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22421887/AP_21089763800224.jpg"/> <cite>Court TV/AP</cite>
<figcaption>
Firefighter Genevieve Hansen, 27, fought back tears as she described feeling helpless to save Floyd’s life.
</figcaption>
</figure>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="HtK6Wo">
For the public who watched Floyd’s death on their screens, the trial has been similarly retraumatizing,<strong> </strong>particularly for the Black Americans who have grown familiar with how casually America handles Black death, and who are well aware of the country’s long history of brutalizing Black people. On Twitter, some users have resorted to muting any news about the trial, in an effort to shut out more pain.
</p>
<div id="WisQb4">
<blockquote class="twitter-tweet">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" dir="ltr" lang="en">
I’ve watched some of the most upsetting footage from stories around the world for years, but every time the George Floyd video is played during the Chauvin trial, I now mute my computer. The cries of a dying man can be too much to bear sometimes and it’s ok to admit that.
</p>
— Hala Gorani (<span class="citation" data-cites="HalaGorani">@HalaGorani</span>) <a href="https://twitter.com/HalaGorani/status/1377341199476948993?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">March 31, 2021</a>
</blockquote></div></li>
</ul>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="zPaQWL">
“This wasn’t the first time people saw a Black man being killed by the police so there’s historical trauma here,” Howard Stevenson, a clinical psychologist who studies racial stress and racial trauma and a professor of Africana studies and urban education at the University of Pennsylvania, told Vox. “Memories of other Black men being killed by the police play in our emotional movie and we depend on those memories to make sense of traumas.”
</p>
<h3 id="sNdpYv">
How the trauma of Black death compounds
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="ujAvkx">
In 2018, <a href="https://www.thelancet.com/pdfs/journals/lancet/PIIS0140-6736(18)31130-9.pdf">researchers</a> at Boston University, the University of Pennsylvania, Harvard University and Massachusetts General Hospital found that police killings of unarmed Black people have adverse mental health effects on Black adults who were not directly affected by the incident itself: stress, depression, and difficulties with emotions that manifested in “poor mental health days.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="11Shlv">
Black Americans have a greater and more personal understanding of systemic racism — they understand a lack of fairness, a loss of social status, diminished trust in social institutions, and prior related traumas, researchers found.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="gUK11H">
“We already knew this was happening based on how people talked about it on social media,” Jacob Bor, a professor of global health at Boston University and one of the report’s authors, told Vox. “But we wanted to contribute population-level data to a phenomenon that we were already seeing. We sometimes just assume that racism causes health disparities, but when you’re not explicit, people make other interpretations like maybe it’s genetics, behavior, or culture, which is pretty wrongheaded.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="yrgM8E">
For those already carrying the trauma of systemic racism, it doesn’t take much to trigger a physical and emotional response: Just hearing about Floyd or Chauvin’s trial can be enough to trigger memories of the other Black men who died at the hands of the police. And seeing video of the incident or even just listening to audio, particularly hearing Floyd’s voice and how he pleaded for his life, adds to that existing trauma.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="PJuNnk">
It is a kind of trauma that builds over time, increasing with other moments of violence, from the beating of Rodney King<strong> </strong>in 1991 to the killing of Trayvon Martin in 2012, and compounds with Floyd and the police killing of <a href="https://www.vox.com/21536657/philadelphia-police-shooting-walter-wallace">Walter Wallace</a> in October 2020 or the police shooting of <a href="https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2021/04/05/adam-toledo-shooting-chicago-police-release-video-family/7087720002/">Adam Toledo</a> just last month.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Dui4Rr">
“This is a part of our generation’s collective and ongoing trauma that was also a part of the experience that our ancestors had to undergo, only in a different iteration,” says trauma psychologist Mariel Buqué. “It’s new age terror and what happens to a person when they are terrorized to the point that they fear for their lives, and when this happens in an ongoing way by way of racist acts, is that it leaves profound fear planted in the person. And that fear, if impactful enough, can lead to the development of trauma.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="q7dZhC">
This trauma manifests in psychological symptoms like numbing, dissociation, anxiety, intrusive thoughts, hypervigilance, flashbacks, agitation, self-destructive behaviors, and other common symptoms like nightmares, lack of sleep, emotional detachment, and mistrust, Buqué said.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="h9fX8g">
Online, countless people have explained their need to turn away from the trial when possible, so as not re-experience the pain they felt when first watching the video of Floyd’s death. “I had to mute it,” one Twitter user <a href="https://twitter.com/jaywwalker1/status/1376552616348549123">wrote</a>. “But even without sound it’s the stuff of nightmares.”
</p>
<aside id="QaVnAH">
<div>
</div>
</aside>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="81wOiv">
When people experience racial trauma or even vicarious trauma — indirect trauma that is a result of witnessing or hearing about someone’s suffering — the effects aren’t only mental: They can present a whole host of challenges that affect the body.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="H3y9HB">
“When people experience a racial encounter, something that puts so much stress on them, it always involves their bodies, but that’s rarely discussed,” Stevenson said. “Trauma is like an inability to manage stress and any healing approach that doesn’t take into account how it has changed our bodies is missing out. Understanding how our bodies react when we’re triggered by the video can help us gain control and feel less helpless.”
</p>
<div class="c-float-right c-float-hang">
<aside id="BYDOyy">
<q>People should keep talking about Floyd’s life and his family</q>
</aside>
</div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="1LeQUS">
During the trial, the prosecution released footage and audio that wasn’t previously widely seen by the public, like how bystanders pleaded with officers to loosen the pressure they placed on Floyd. Even if someone has seen the video of Floyd multiple times, they haven’t captured all the information about it because it’s so overwhelming, Stevenson said. “The more times you see it, the more new information you pick, only adding to the trauma.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Kgjx7t">
And the weight of this feeling isn’t just personal — for example,<strong> </strong>parents have an added layer of trauma to navigate. Children are also seeing the video, hearing about Floyd’s death or even witnessing it themselves firsthand. Adults are tasked with explaining the case to children. “Many choose to look away and don’t want to talk about it to kids, or to anyone, but the fact is that it’s repeated through media,” Stevenson said. “You can go a lot of places trying to avoid it and still not be able to.”
</p>
<aside id="ke8hNN">
<div>
</div>
</aside>
<h3 id="4OPzYY">
No matter the verdict, the trauma could remain
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="vC8IR6">
Part of working through trauma is talking about it — and recognizing that it will take time to overcome. There’s also room to bring humanity to the situation,<strong> </strong>to promote healing, according to Stevenson.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="6cRK2w">
“We need messages to counter the inhumanity of how Floyd died,” he said. This could involve thinking about how courageous Floyd was in his final moments. “Him calling out for his mother, as sad and tragic as it was, can be seen as a spiritual practice,” Stevenson said. People should keep talking about Floyd’s life and his family.
</p>
<div class="c-wide-block">
<figure class="e-image">
<img alt=" " src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/hQjDxs5l5ENznaNrzXTNp-z0lWc=/800x0/filters:no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22421899/AP_21092686542703.jpg"/> <cite>Chris Tuite/ImageSPACE/MediaPunch/Getty Images</cite>
<figcaption>
For the public, who watched Floyd’s death on their screens, the trial has been similarly retraumatizing,<strong> </strong>particularly for the Black Americans who have grown familiar with how casually America handles Black death.
</figcaption>
</figure>
</div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="qzqx1g">
The eyewitnesses have already brought humanity to the stand — from the way Frazier testified to seeing her family in Floyd, to how McMillian, while testifying, still wanted to chastise Chauvin for his actions. And after holding onto the pain of these stories for nearly a year, witnesses fought back against defense lawyers who sought to categorize them as unknowledgeable, rowdy, angry, or belligerent. “You can’t paint me out to be angry,” Williams told the<strong> </strong>defense during cross-examination.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="BckswS">
Though the video is a major source of trauma, Stevenson doesn’t believe we should stop sharing it, because the video represents accountability. Floyd’s loved ones originally wanted people to watch the footage to have the world see how Floyd was killed: “For so many Black families who experience this, the hardest part is about getting people to believe it happened and care,” Stevenson said.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="zuim0j">
Going forward, there’s also room for warning labels, particularly labels that speak to how these videos affect our emotions. “When you pick up a pack of cigarettes, they warn us that we can get lung cancer from smoking them. In this same way, we need to help people make the connection between watching these videos and how trauma shows up in our lives,” Stevenson said.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="sm6cP5">
Warning labels suggest an acknowledgement that harm was done, that our country cares enough to help people heal. A warning label could also signify the recognition that there’s an urgent search for accountability that the video helps to serve.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="xpO2G9">
Additionally, working through trauma on the societal level means not giving up on the search for truth and seeking justice.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="GZ2Zvw">
“Retribution cannot address the horror of an inhumane tragedy,” Stevenson told Vox. “But part of the reason we need accountability and justice is for our safety from here on out.” The fear that there will be no justice is one that looks to the future — Black people watching this case are concerned about what happened to Floyd, but are also concerned about whether they’re safe in a world that doesn’t see Black people as worthy of justice.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="xvNLtr">
And though the current trauma subsides over time, there is a broader context to consider. Historical traumas remain, and the Chauvin trial won’t mean police violence will end forever. “Even if this justice happens, we won’t fully get over all of the other injustices,” Stevenson said.
</p>
<div class="c-wide-block">
<figure class="e-image">
<img alt=" " src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/dGXK3Eo0YBW20YQWRHyObU_Kdjo=/800x0/filters:no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/22421910/AP_21092680851057.jpg"/> <cite>Chris Tuite/ImageSPACE/MediaPunch/Getty Images</cite>
<figcaption>
The George Floyd Memorial at the site where he died outside Cup Foods in Minneapolis.
</figcaption>
</figure>
</div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="JLzsaR">
Overcoming trauma — and limiting future traumatic experiences — will require telling the truth about these tragedies, recognizing and acknowledging trauma’s role, and understanding that the killing of Floyd is connected to the discrimination that people of color face in hiring, or in accessing health care, for example.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="onlAbA">
In the meantime, Black and brown communities must draw strength from their cultures and communities, because with<strong> </strong>historical trauma comes historical survival, or rather, transcendence.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="zmgMDr">
“No other people have faced these kinds of horrors, so if this country wants to heal, it’s got to go through the cultural practices of Black and brown people,” Stevenson said. “In our cultures and practices, we can learn a lot about navigating white supremacy and dealing with trauma. We have to recognize our culture as a healing force.”
</p>
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<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Assam Deputy Speaker quizzed, five policemen suspended for firing on crowd during 2nd phase of voting</strong> - Police sources said Aminul Haque Laskar was interrogated twice for several hours during the last 48 hours and his statements have been recorded in front of a magistrate.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>West Bengal Assembly elections | BJP men forcibly occupying booths, attacking TMC activists and candidates: Mamata</strong> - Mamata Banerjee said she has received at least 100 complaints of assault and violence since morning, and the EC has been duly informed but to no avail</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Seed traceability to be operational from kharif in Telangana</strong> - QR code on seed certified by TSSOCA, TSSDC to help trace origin of seed, quality</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-bbc-europe">From BBC: Europe</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Navalny: Jailed Putin critic ‘has cough and temperature’</strong> - The Russian opposition leader says three people in his prison unit are being treated for tuberculosis.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Greenland election: Melting ice and mining project on the agenda</strong> - Just 56,000 people will vote but the US, China and others have a stake in the result.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Credit Suisse axes bosses and bonuses</strong> - The Swiss bank’s risk chief is leaving after it revealed the fallout from two major clients.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Terezin: The former WW2 ghetto falling into ruin</strong> - There are concerns that historical evidence will be lost if Terezin’s buildings are not maintained.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Turkey detains admirals who criticised giant Istanbul canal</strong> - The 10 retired admirals had questioned a costly canal project backed by President Erdogan.</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-ars-technica">From Ars Technica</h1>
<ul>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>NASA’s most metal mission will test new, higher-power electric thrusters</strong> - This is the first time a spacecraft has gone into deep space using Hall thrusters. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1754021">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Want to worry about the next pandemic? Spillover.global has you covered</strong> - A research collaboration has evaluated hundreds of viruses based on human risk. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1754733">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Celebrate First Contact Day with this Star Trek: Discovery S4 trailer</strong> - “Federation or non-Federation, this anomaly threatens us equally.” - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1754723">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Coronavirus variant that spreads easily doesn’t do so by surviving in air better</strong> - New study backs the idea that current health measures still reduce spread. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1754714">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Clarence Thomas blasts Section 230, wants “common-carrier” rules on Twitter</strong> - Thomas claims Twitter’s “right to cut off speech” may be First Amendment problem. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1754677">link</a></p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-jokes-subreddit">From Jokes Subreddit</h1>
<ul>
<li><strong>I made this up on the spot and I’m really proud of it.</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF -->
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
This isn’t the best joke, but I’m really proud of how it came out. My sister and I are both in town visiting our parents for the first time in years. I keep dropping bad puns and my sister keeps yelling at me.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Tonight, we were telling stories from our youth, and I told her this one. She was really invested in it and had no idea it was BS until I got to the punchline:
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
When I was in college, I was really into this girl named Greta, but I was shy back then and not at all assertive. The girl and two of her friends were going to a nerdy Halloween party and decided to go as the first digits of pi. They needed someone to be the decimal, and I volunteered thinking it would give me a chance to talk to Greta. I was really excited until I got there and realized that she was the 4, which meant there was someone between us all night. I was miserable, barely spoke to anyone, and went home alone.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Thing is, the whole reason I went to the party was that I really thought she was the one.
</p>
</div>
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/pmalleable"> /u/pmalleable </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/ml1bn2/i_made_this_up_on_the_spot_and_im_really_proud_of/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/ml1bn2/i_made_this_up_on_the_spot_and_im_really_proud_of/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
<li><strong>Iris‌‌h daughte‌‌r ha‌‌d no‌‌t bee‌‌n hom‌‌e fo‌‌r ove‌‌r ‌‌5 years‌‌. Upo‌‌n he‌‌r retur‌‌n he‌‌r Fathe‌‌r curse‌‌d he‌‌r heavily‌‌.</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF -->
<div class="md">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
“Wher‌‌e hav‌‌e y‌‌e bee‌‌n al‌‌l thi‌‌s time‌‌, child‌‌? Wh‌‌y di‌‌d y‌‌e no‌‌t writ‌‌e t‌‌o us‌‌, no‌‌t eve‌‌n ‌‌a line‌‌? Wh‌‌y didn’t’‌‌t y‌‌e call‌‌? Ca‌‌n y‌‌e no‌‌t understan‌‌d wha‌‌t y‌‌e pu‌‌t ye‌‌r ol‌‌d Mothe‌‌r through?‌‌”<br/> ‌‌<br/> Th‌‌e girl‌‌, crying‌‌, replied‌‌, “Dad..‌‌. ‌‌I becam‌‌e ‌‌a prostitute.‌‌”<br/> ‌‌<br/> “Y‌‌e what!‌‌? Ge‌‌t ou‌‌t ‌‌a here‌‌, y‌‌e shameles‌‌s harlot‌‌! Sinner‌‌! You’r‌‌e ‌‌a disgrac‌‌e t‌‌o thi‌‌s Catholi‌‌c family.‌‌”<br/> ‌‌<br/> “OK‌‌, Dad..‌‌. a‌‌s y‌‌e wish‌‌. ‌‌I onl‌‌y cam‌‌e bac‌‌k t‌‌o giv‌‌e mu‌‌m thi‌‌s luxuriou‌‌s fu‌‌r coat‌‌, titl‌‌e dee‌‌d t‌‌o ‌‌a te‌‌n bedroo‌‌m mansion‌‌, plu‌‌s ‌‌a ‌‌5 millio‌‌n saving‌‌s certificate‌‌. Fo‌‌r m‌‌e littl‌‌e brother‌‌, thi‌‌s gol‌‌d Rolex‌‌. An‌‌d fo‌‌r y‌‌e Daddy‌‌, th‌‌e sparklin‌‌g ne‌‌w Mercede‌‌s limite‌‌d editio‌‌n convertibl‌‌e that’‌‌s parke‌‌d outsid‌‌e plu‌‌s ‌‌a membershi‌‌p t‌‌o th‌‌e countr‌‌y clu‌‌b ..‌‌. (take‌‌s ‌‌a breath‌‌) ..‌‌. an‌‌d a‌‌n invitatio‌‌n fo‌‌r y‌‌e al‌‌l t‌‌o spen‌‌d Ne‌‌w Year’‌‌s Ev‌‌e o‌‌n boar‌‌d m‌‌y ne‌‌w yach‌‌t i‌‌n th‌‌e Riviera.‌‌”<br/> ‌‌<br/> “Wha‌‌t wa‌‌s i‌‌t y‌‌e sai‌‌d y‌‌e ha‌‌d become?”‌‌, say‌‌s Dad‌‌.<br/> ‌‌<br/> Girl‌‌, cryin‌‌g again‌‌, “‌‌A prostitute‌‌, Daddy!‌‌”<br/> ‌‌<br/> “Oh‌‌! M‌‌y Goodness‌‌! Y‌‌e scare‌‌d m‌‌e hal‌‌f t‌‌o death‌‌, girl‌‌! ‌‌I though‌‌t y‌‌e sai‌‌d ‌‌a Protestant‌‌! Com‌‌e her‌‌e an‌‌d giv‌‌e ye‌‌r ol‌‌d Da‌‌d ‌‌a hug!‌‌”
</p>
</div>
<!-- SC_ON -->
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/yeeting_is_fun"> /u/yeeting_is_fun </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/mkr6sz/irish_daughter_had_not_been_home_for_over_5_years/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/mkr6sz/irish_daughter_had_not_been_home_for_over_5_years/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
<li><strong>A man is flying in a hot air balloon and realizes he is lost.</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF -->
<div class="md">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
He reduces height and spots a man below. He lowers the balloon farther and shouts, “Excuse me! Can you tell me where I am?”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
The man below says you’re in a hot air balloon hovering 30 ft above this field.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
“You must be an engineer” says the balloonist
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
I am, replies to man. “How did you know?”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
“Well”, says the balloonist, “everything you have told me is technically correct but it’s no use to anyone.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
The man below says "You must be in management.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
" I am" replies a balloonist. “How did you know?” Well, says the man. You don’t know where you are, where you’re going, but you expect me to be able to help. You are in the same position you were before we met but now it’s my fault.
</p>
</div>
<!-- SC_ON -->
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/Perch05"> /u/Perch05 </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/ml1itd/a_man_is_flying_in_a_hot_air_balloon_and_realizes/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/ml1itd/a_man_is_flying_in_a_hot_air_balloon_and_realizes/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
<li><strong>I’m not thrilled my wife is into bondage</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF -->
<div class="md">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
but my hands are tied
</p>
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/ExLaxMarksTheSpot"> /u/ExLaxMarksTheSpot </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/mkovvx/im_not_thrilled_my_wife_is_into_bondage/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/mkovvx/im_not_thrilled_my_wife_is_into_bondage/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
<li><strong>Bill pulled up a stool at his favorite bar and announced. “My wife Suzie must love me more than any woman has ever loved any man!” The bartender inquired. “What makes you say that?” Bill beamed with pride, “Last week, I had to take a couple of sick days from work…”</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF -->
<div class="md">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
“Suzie was so thrilled to have me around, that every time a mail or delivery person came by, she’d run down the driveway waving her arms hollering, ‘My husband’s home! My husband’s home!’”
</p>
</div>
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<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/honolulu_oahu_mod"> /u/honolulu_oahu_mod </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/mki4jh/bill_pulled_up_a_stool_at_his_favorite_bar_and/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/mki4jh/bill_pulled_up_a_stool_at_his_favorite_bar_and/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
</ul>
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