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<title>21 October, 2022</title>
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<h1 data-aos="fade-down" id="covid-19-sentry">Covid-19 Sentry</h1>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" data-aos-anchor-placement="top-bottom" id="contents">Contents</h1>
<ul>
<li><a href="#from-preprints">From Preprints</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-clinical-trials">From Clinical Trials</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-pubmed">From PubMed</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-patent-search">From Patent Search</a></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-preprints">From Preprints</h1>
<ul>
<li><strong>A comparison of hugging frequency and its association with momentary mood before and during COVID-19 using ecological momentary assessment</strong> -
<div>
The COVID-19 pandemic has necessitated a drastic decrease of human social interactions including human social touch. One of the most prevalent forms of touch is hugging. Hugging has been demonstrated to benefit both physical and mental well-being. In the present study, we used an ecological momentary assessment approach to assess the relationship between hugging and momentary mood in two independent cohorts. The first cohort was re-used from a previously published study sampled prior to the COVID-19 pandemic whereas the second cohort was newly recruited during the third COVID-19 wave in Germany. We found that the frequency of hugging was significantly lower during than before the pandemic. Using multilevel modeling, we found a significant positive association between momentary mood and daily hugs. This effect was moderated by the cohort, as individuals during the pandemic showed a stronger positive association compared to the cohort sampled prior to the pandemic. Furthermore, we only found a negative association between loneliness and momentary mood in the pre-pandemic cohort whereas no link was observed in the mid-pandemic cohort. While we have to stress that our results are correlational in nature, they potentially indicate that social touch is more beneficial in times of social distancing, possibly due to a higher valuation and perceived intimacy of the hug.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://psyarxiv.com/dpvkx/" target="_blank">A comparison of hugging frequency and its association with momentary mood before and during COVID-19 using ecological momentary assessment</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>How perceived scarcity predicted cooperation during early pandemic lockdown.</strong> -
<div>
Both material resources (jobs, healthcare), and socio-psychological resources (social contact) decreased during the COVID-19 pandemic. We investigated whether individual differences in perceived material and socio-psychological scarcity experienced during the pandemic predicted preference for cooperation, measured using two Public Good Games (PGGs), where participants contributed money or time (i.e., hours indoors contributed to shorten the lockdown). Material scarcity had no relationship with cooperation. Increased perceived scarcity of socio-psychological wellbeing (e.g., connecting with family) predicted increased preference for cooperation, suggesting that missing social contact fosters prosociality, whilst perceived scarcity of freedom (e.g., limited movement) predicted decreased willingness to spend time indoors to shorten the lockdown. The importance of considering individual differences in scarcity perception to best promote norm compliance is discussed.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://psyarxiv.com/zu2a3/" target="_blank">How perceived scarcity predicted cooperation during early pandemic lockdown.</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>SARS-CoV2 E and 3a proteins are inducers of pannexin currents</strong> -
<div>
Controversial reports have suggested that SARS-CoV E and 3a proteins may be viroporins that conduct currents through the plasma membrane of the infected cells. If true, these proteins would represent accessible targets for the development of new antiviral drugs by using high-throughput patch-clamp techniques. Here we aimed at better characterizing the cell responses induced by E or 3a protein with a particular focus on the ion conductances measured at the cell surface. First, we show that expression of SARS-CoV-2 E or 3a protein in CHO cells gives rise to cells with newly-acquired round shape, tending to detach from the Petri dish. This suggests that cell death is induced upon expression of E or 3a protein. We confirmed this hypothesis by using flow cytometry, in agreement with earlier reports on other cell types. In adhering cells expressing E or 3a protein, whole-cell currents were in fact not different from the control condition indicating that E and 3a proteins are not plasma membrane viroporins. In contrast, recording currents on detached cells uncovered outwardly-rectifying currents, much larger than those observed in control. The current characteristics are reminiscent of what was previously observed in cells expressing SARS-CoV-1 E or 3a proteins. Herein, we illustrate for the first time that carbenoxolone blocks these outward currents suggesting that they are conducted by pannexin channels, mostly likely activated by cell morphology change and/or cell death. Alongside we also demonstrate that truncation of the C-terminal PDZ binding motifs reduces the proportion of dying cells but does not prevent pannexin currents suggesting distinct pathways for cell death and pannexin currents induced by E and 3a proteins. We conclude that SARS-CoV-2 E and 3a proteins are not acting as viroporins expressed at the plasma membrane.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.20.513002v1" target="_blank">SARS-CoV2 E and 3a proteins are inducers of pannexin currents</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Intra-host viral populations of SARS-CoV-2 in immunosuppressed patients with hematologic cancers</strong> -
<div>
Throughout the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, several variants of concern (VOC) have been identified, many of which share recurrent mutations in the spike protein’s receptor binding domain (RBD). This region coincides with known epitopes and can therefore have an impact on immune escape. Protracted infections in immunosuppressed patients have been hypothesized to lead to an enrichment of such mutations and therefore drive evolution towards VOCs. Here, we show that immunosuppressed patients with hematologic cancers develop distinct populations with immune escape mutations throughout the course of their infection. Notably, by investigating the co-occurrence of substitutions on individual sequencing reads in the RBD, we found quasispecies harboring mutations that confer resistance to known monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) such as S:E484K and S:E484A. Furthermore, we provide the first evidence for a viral reservoir based on intra-host phylogenetics. Our results on viral reservoirs can shed light on protracted infections interspersed with periods where the virus is undetectable as well as an alternative explanation for some long-COVID cases. Our findings also highlight that protracted infections should be treated with combination therapies rather than by a single mAbs to clear pre-existing resistant mutations.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.19.512884v1" target="_blank">Intra-host viral populations of SARS-CoV-2 in immunosuppressed patients with hematologic cancers</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Broadly neutralizing SARS-CoV-2 antibodies through epitope-based selection from convalescent patients</strong> -
<div>
Emerging variants of concern (VOCs) are threatening to limit the efficacy of SARS CoV-2 monoclonal antibodies and vaccines currently used in clinical practice; broadly neutralizing antibodies and strategies for their identification are therefore urgently required. Here we demonstrate that broadly neutralizing antibodies can be isolated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of convalescent patients using SARS CoV-2 receptor binding domains (RBDs) carrying epitope-specific mutations. This is exemplified by two human antibodies, GAR05, binding to epitope class 1, and GAR12, binding to a new epitope class 6 (located between class 3 and class 5). Both antibodies broadly neutralize VOCs, exceeding the potency of the clinical monoclonal sotrovimab (mAb S309) by orders of magnitude. They also provide potent prophylactic and therapeutic in vivo protection of hACE2 mice against viral challenge. Our results indicate that exposure to Wuhan SARS-CoV-2 induces antibodies that maintain potent and broad neutralization against emerging VOCs using two unique strategies: either by targeting the divergent class 1 epitope in a manner resistant to VOCs (ACE-2 mimicry, as illustrated by GAR05 and mAbs P2C-1F11/S2K14); or alternatively, by targeting rare and highly conserved epitopes, such as the new class 6 epitope identified here (as illustrated by GAR12). Our results provide guidance for next generation monoclonal antibody development and vaccine design.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.19.512954v1" target="_blank">Broadly neutralizing SARS-CoV-2 antibodies through epitope-based selection from convalescent patients</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>De novo design of anti-variant COVID vaccine with T-cell memory</strong> -
<div>
Recent studies have shown the efficacy of hybrid COVID-19 vaccines using wild-type nucleocapsid (N) and Spike (S) protein. We upgrade this strategy by one step further using clinically proven spike protein (but with delta and post-delta omicron mutations) and nucleocapsid peptides conferring T-cell immunity. As per the latest research nucleocapsid peptides are perfect immunological replacement of nucleocapsid protein. Therefore, peptide linking strategy is pursued (economic for cellular biosynthesis than whole protein). One envelope peptide with potent T-cell response is also chosen. This peptide is also functionally indispensable for the virus. All these peptides were clustered in our designed cytoplasmic domain separated by non-immunogenic helical linkers. We also propose the idea of introduction of any T-cell peptide similar to other Human Corona Viruses (HuCoV) in these linker regions whenever required. In addition to COVID, the same approach can be applied for any emergency or even long-term unsolved outbreaks of Influenza, Dengue and West Nile Virus etc. In this era of novelty as presented by subunit and nucleic acid vaccines, multiepitope strategies like this can help to combat multiple diseases successfully in real time to give hope for better future.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.20.513049v1" target="_blank">De novo design of anti-variant COVID vaccine with T-cell memory</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>SARS-CoV-2-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses can originate from cross-reactive CMV-specific T cells</strong> -
<div>
Detection of SARS-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in SARS-CoV-2-unexposed donors has been explained by the presence of T cells primed by other coronaviruses. However, based on the relative high frequency and prevalence of cross-reactive T cells, we hypothesized CMV may induce these cross-reactive T cells. Stimulation of pre-pandemic cryo-preserved PBMCs with SARS-CoV-2 peptides revealed that frequencies of SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells were higher in CMV-seropositive donors. Characterization of these T cells demonstrated that membrane-specific CD4+ and spike-specific CD8+ T cells originate from cross-reactive CMV-specific T cells. Spike-specific CD8+ T cells recognize SARS-CoV-2 spike peptide FVSNGTHWF (FVS) and dissimilar CMV pp65 peptide IPSINVHHY (IPS) presented by HLA-B*35:01. These dual IPS/FVS-reactive CD8+ T cells were found in multiple donors as well as severe COVID-19 patients and shared a common T cell receptor (TCR), illustrating that IPS/FVS-cross-reactivity is caused by a public TCR. In conclusion, CMV-specific T cells cross-react with SARS-CoV-2, despite low sequence homology between the two viruses, and may contribute to the pre-existing immunity against SARS-CoV-2.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.07.31.502203v2" target="_blank">SARS-CoV-2-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses can originate from cross-reactive CMV-specific T cells</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Endonuclease fingerprint indicates a synthetic origin of SARS-CoV-2</strong> -
<div>
To prevent future pandemics, it is important that we understand whether SARS-CoV-2 spilled over directly from animals to people, or indirectly in a laboratory accident. The genome of SARS-COV-2 contains a peculiar pattern of unique restriction endonuclease recognition sites allowing efficient dis- and re-assembly of the viral genome characteristic of synthetic viruses. Here, we report the likelihood of observing such a pattern in coronaviruses with no history of bioengineering. We find that SARS-CoV-2 is an anomaly, more likely a product of synthetic genome assembly than natural evolution. The restriction map of SARS-CoV-2 is consistent with many previously reported synthetic coronavirus genomes, meets all the criteria required for an efficient reverse genetic system, differs from closest relatives by a significantly higher rate of synonymous mutations in these synthetic-looking recognitions sites, and has a synthetic fingerprint unlikely to have evolved from its close relatives. We report a high likelihood that SARS-CoV-2 may have originated as an infectious clone assembled in vitro.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.18.512756v1" target="_blank">Endonuclease fingerprint indicates a synthetic origin of SARS-CoV-2</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Infectiousness of SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infections and reinfections during the Omicron wave</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
With more recent SARS-CoV-2 variants, breakthrough infections in vaccinated individuals and reinfections among previously infected individuals are increasingly common, especially during the Omicron wave. Such infections have led to concerns about controlling transmission and underscore a broader need to understand the contribution of vaccination, including booster doses, and natural immunity to the infectiousness of persons with SARS-CoV-2 infections, especially in high-risk populations with intense transmission such as prisons. Here, we show that both vaccine-derived and naturally acquired immunity independently reduce the infectiousness of persons with Omicron variant SARS-CoV-2 infections in a prison setting. Analyzing data from system-wide SARS-CoV-2 surveillance across 35 California state prisons, we estimate that Omicron variant infections among unvaccinated cases had a 36% (95% confidence interval (CI): 31-42%) risk of transmitting to close contacts, as compared to 28% (25-31%) risk among vaccinated cases. In adjusted analyses, we estimated that any vaccination, prior infection alone, and both vaccination and prior infection reduced an index case9s risk of transmitting to close contacts by 22% (6-36%), 23% (3-39%) and 40% (20-55%), respectively. Receipt of booster doses and more recent vaccination further reduced infectiousness among vaccinated cases. These findings suggest that although vaccinated and/or previously infected individuals remain highly infectious upon SARS-CoV-2 infection in this prison setting, their infectiousness is reduced compared to individuals without any history of vaccination or infection.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.08.22278547v3" target="_blank">Infectiousness of SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infections and reinfections during the Omicron wave</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>ICD-10 based syndromic surveillance enables robust estimation of burden of severe COVID-19 requiring hospitalization and intensive care treatment</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Objective: The emergence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) required countries to establish COVID-19 surveillance by adapting existing systems, such as mandatory notification and syndromic surveillance systems. We estimated age-specific COVID-19 hospitalization and intensive care unit (ICU) burden from existing severe acute respiratory infections (SARI) surveillance and compared the results to COVID-19 notification data. Methods: Using data on SARI cases with ICD-10 diagnosis codes for COVID-19 (COVID-SARI) from the ICD-10 based SARI sentinel, we estimated age-specific incidences for COVID-SARI hospitalization and ICU for the first five COVID-19 waves in Germany and compared these to incidences from notification data on COVID-19 cases using relative change Δ𝑟 at the peak of each wave. Findings: The COVID-SARI incidence from sentinel data matched the notified COVID-19 hospitalization incidence in the first wave with Δ𝑟=6% but was higher during second to fourth wave (Δ𝑟=20% to 39%). In the fifth wave, the COVID-SARI incidence was lower than the notified COVID-19 hospitalization incidence (Δ𝑟=-39%). For all waves and all age groups, the ICU incidence estimated from COVID-SARI was more than twice the estimation from notification data. Conclusion: The use of validated SARI sentinel data adds robust and important information for assessing the true disease burden of severe COVID-19. Mandatory notifications of COVID-19 for hospital and ICU admission may underestimate (work overload in local health authorities) or overestimate (hospital admission for other reasons than the laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection) disease burden. Syndromic ICD-10 based SARI surveillance enables sustainable cross-pathogen surveillance for seasonal epidemics and pandemic preparedness of respiratory viral diseases.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.11.22269594v2" target="_blank">ICD-10 based syndromic surveillance enables robust estimation of burden of severe COVID-19 requiring hospitalization and intensive care treatment</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Older Adults’ Perspectives on Emergency Department Costs during COVID-19</strong> -
<div>
Objectives: COVID-19 has strained the household finances of many Americans already experiencing increasing healthcare expenses. Concerns about the cost of care may deter patients from seeking even urgent care from the emergency department (ED). This study examines predictors of older Americans’ concerns of ED visit costs, and how cost concerns may have influenced their ED use in the early stages of the pandemic. Study Design: This was a cross-sectional survey study using a nationally representative sample of US adults aged 50-80 years (N=2,074) in June 2020. Methods: Multivariate logistic regressions assessed the relationship between sociodemographic, insurance, and health factors with cost concerns for emergency department care. Results: Of the respondents, 80% were concerned (45% very, 35% somewhat) about costs of an ED visit and 18% were not confident in their ability to afford an ED visit. Of the entire sample, 7% had avoided ED care due to cost concerns in the past two years. Of those who may have needed ED care, 22% had avoided care. Predictors of cost-related ED avoidance included: aged 50 to 54 years (4.57 aOR [95%CI 1.44-14.54]), uninsured (2.93 aOR [95%CI 1.35-6.52]), poor-fair mental health (2.82 aOR [95%CI 1.62-4.89]), and income &lt;$30K (2.30 aOR [95%CI 1.19-4.46]). Conclusions: During the early COVID-19 pandemic, most older US adults expressed concerns about the financial impact of ED use. Further research should examine how insurance design could alleviate the perceived financial burden of ED use and prevent cost-related care avoidance, especially for those at higher risk in future pandemic surges.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://osf.io/preprints/socarxiv/4r8vd/" target="_blank">Older Adults’ Perspectives on Emergency Department Costs during COVID-19</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Security Motives and Negative Affective Experiences During the Early Months of the COVID-19 Pandemic</strong> -
<div>
Objective: Self-regulation can help individuals cope during stressful events, but little is known about why and when this might occur. We examined if being more focused on prevention was linked to negative affective experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic. We also examined possible underlying mechanisms for this association, and whether social support buffered it. Design: Pre-registered longitudinal study, with surveys every two weeks over one month (N = 1,269). Main outcome measures: Regulatory focus and worry for health (T1), adherence to self isolation and preventive health behaviors (T2), negative affective experiences, positive affect, frequency of online interactions, and perceived social support (T3). Results: Prevention focus was associated with health worries at baseline and linked to greater adherence to preventive health behaviors (T2). Only adherence to self isolation was linked to more negative affective experiences (T3). Exploratory analyses showed that prevention focus was linked to more negative affective experiences (T3), but only for participants with fewer online interactions with their family and less perceived social support from family and friends. Conclusions: Prevention motives in threatening times can be a double-edged sword, with benefits for health behaviors and consequences for negative affective experiences. Having a strong social network during these times can alleviate these consequences.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://psyarxiv.com/xwtmy/" target="_blank">Security Motives and Negative Affective Experiences During the Early Months of the COVID-19 Pandemic</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Education, Financial Stress, and Trajectory of Mental Health During the COVID-19 Pandemic</strong> -
<div>
Socioeconomic disparities in mental health have been reported during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, few studies have examined the mechanisms through which such disparities in mental health occurred. This pre-registered study aimed to examine socioeconomic disparities, as indexed by education levels, in the trajectory of mental health at the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic and whether financial stress associated with the pandemic mediated socioeconomic disparities in mental health. Data were drawn from the Love in the Time of COVID project, of which we included four waves of data (N = 2,204) collected between March 27th and June 21st, 2020. Education was assessed at baseline, and mental health outcomes (i.e., eudaimonic well-being, positive affect, negative affect, depressive and anxious symptoms) and financial stress associated with the COVID-19 pandemic were assessed at each wave. Results indicated that there were educational disparities in eudaimonic well-being, negative affect, and depressive and anxiety symptoms at baseline, with those with lower education levels reporting poorer mental health. However, education did not amplify disparities in mental health outcomes over time, showing no associations with the rates of change in mental health outcomes. Financial stress mediated the associations between education and eudaimonic well-being, negative affect, and depressive and anxious symptoms at baseline, and there were no temporal variations in the mediation effects of financial stress. These results highlight persistent educational disparities in mental health at the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic, and such educational disparities may be partially explained by financial stress associated with the COVID-19 pandemic.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://psyarxiv.com/tvry4/" target="_blank">Education, Financial Stress, and Trajectory of Mental Health During the COVID-19 Pandemic</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Sexual Desire in the Time of COVID-19: How COVID-Related Stressors are Associated with Sexual Desire in Romantic Relationships</strong> -
<div>
The COVID-19 pandemic and the resulting social distancing measures have caused widespread social and economic disruptions, resulting in spikes in unemployment and financial instability, along with drastic changes to people’s ability to feel socially connected. Many of the changes resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic are risk factors for depressive symptoms, which are associated with lower levels of sexual desire. The current research (N = 4,993) examined whether responses to external stressors brought on by COVID-19 (i.e., financial concern, worry, loneliness, stress) were associated with sexual desire among a multi-national sample of people in relationships (Studies 1-2), and whether this association was, in part, due to reports of depressive symptoms (Study 2). In the period immediately following the onset of the pandemic, more financial concern (Study 1) and worry (Study 2) were associated with higher sexual desire, while other factors, like stress (Studies 1-2), were associated with lower desire. We also followed a subset of participants every two weeks during the initial stages of the pandemic and at times when people reported greater stress, loneliness, financial strain, or worry than their average, they reported greater depressive symptoms, which, was in turn, associated with lower sexual desire. Results suggest that the social isolation and stress resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic has mixed associations with sexual desire at the onset of the pandemic. But over time, when people report heightened COVID-related stressors, they tend to report lower sexual desire for their partner, in part because these stressors are associated with more depressive symptoms.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://psyarxiv.com/nxkgp/" target="_blank">Sexual Desire in the Time of COVID-19: How COVID-Related Stressors are Associated with Sexual Desire in Romantic Relationships</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Having a Prevention Regulatory Focus Longitudinally Predicts Distress and Health-Protective Behaviors During the COVID-9 Pandemic</strong> -
<div>
Background: Past research has shown that regulatory focus shapes people’s health and well-being, with those who are focused on prevention (vs. promotion) being more motivated by safety and being less inclined to take risks. Purpose: In the current study, we tested if having a prevention (vs. promotion) focus before the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak predicted perceptions and health outcomes and threat over the course of the pandemic. Methods: Participants (N = 161, 51.6% women; Mage = 34.04, SD = 7.77) took part in a longitudinal study. Measures were assessed before the pandemic was declared (in November 2019, T1) and after a global pandemic was declared (on June 2020, T2). Results: Results suggest that people who were more focused on prevention prior to the onset of the pandemic (at T1) perceived greater risk of contracting COVID-19, were more worried about being infected, and engaged in more preventative behaviors during the pandemic (at T2). Additionally, they also reported less anxiety and felt healthier (at T2). Conclusions: People focused on prevention (i.e., motivated by security) are more aware of health threats and more likely to engage in health-protective behaviors. Acting in accordance to their motives seems to help these people to experience better health and reduces anxiety about health even during a pandemic.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://psyarxiv.com/k7j6h/" target="_blank">Having a Prevention Regulatory Focus Longitudinally Predicts Distress and Health-Protective Behaviors During the COVID-9 Pandemic</a>
</div></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-clinical-trials">From Clinical Trials</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Recombinant Omicron-Delta COVID-19 Vaccine (CHO Cell)</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Biological: Recombinant Omicron-Delta COVID-19 Vaccine (CHO Cell);   Biological: Inactivated COVID-19 vaccine (Vero Cell)<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   Anhui Zhifei Longcom Biologic Pharmacy Co., Ltd.;   First Affiliated Hospital Bengbu Medical College<br/><b>Active, not recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A Phase III Study to Evaluate Immunogenicity and Safety of COVID-19 Vaccine EuCorVac-19 in Healthy Adults</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Biological: EuCorVac-19;   Biological: ChAdOx1<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   EuBiologics Co.,Ltd<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>COVID-19 Testing and Vaccine Literacy for Women With Criminal Legal System Involvement</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19 Pandemic<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Behavioral: Tri-City COVID Attitudes Study<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   University of Kansas Medical Center<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>JT001 (VV116) for the Treatment of COVID-19</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   Mild to Moderate COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Drug: JT001;   Drug: Placebo<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   Shanghai Vinnerna Biosciences Co., Ltd.;   Sponsor GmbH<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Information Provision and Consistency Framing to Increase COVID-19 Booster Uptake</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>:   COVID-19;   Vaccines<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Behavioral: Reminder that facilitates action;   Behavioral: Consistency framing;   Behavioral: Information provision about the uniqueness of the bivalent booster;   Behavioral: Information provision about bivalent booster eligibility;   Behavioral: Information provision about the severity of COVID-19 symptoms<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   University of California, Los Angeles<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Respiratory Muscles After Inspiratory Muscle Training After COVID-19</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>:   COVID-19;   Diaphragm Injury<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Device: Inspiratory Muscle Training (IMT)<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   RWTH Aachen University;   Philipps University Marburg Medical Center<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>COVID-19 Simulation Education on Nursing Students</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>:   COVID-19 Pandemic;   Simulation of Physical Illness<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Behavioral: Simulation training;   Other: Control Group<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Mehmet Akif Ersoy University<br/><b>Completed</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>COVID-19 Booster Dose Reminder/Recall for Adolescents</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19 Vaccines<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Behavioral: Reminder/Recall Sent Via Preferred Method of Communication<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Marshfield Clinic Research Foundation<br/><b>Active, not recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>OPtimisation of Antiviral Therapy in Immunocompromised COVID-19 Patients: a Randomized Factorial Controlled Strategy Trial</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>:   COVID-19;   Immunodeficiency<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Drug: Paxlovid 5 days;   Drug: Paxlovid 10 days;   Drug: Tixagevimab and Cilgavimab<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   ANRS, Emerging Infectious Diseases;   University Hospital, Geneva<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Boost Intentions and Facilitate Action to Promote Covid-19 Booster Take-up</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>:   COVID-19;   Vaccines<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Behavioral: Eligibility reminder;   Behavioral: Link to a narrow set of vaccine venues;   Behavioral: Link to a broad set of vaccine venues;   Behavioral: Doctors’ recommendation and value of vaccine<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   University of California, Los Angeles<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Effects of Prompt to Bundle Covid-19 Booster and Flu Shot</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>:   COVID-19;   Vaccines<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Behavioral: Reminder to boost protection against COVID-19;   Behavioral: Flu Tag Along;   Behavioral: COVID-19 Booster &amp; Flu Bundle<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   University of California, Los Angeles<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>COVID-19 MP Biomedicals SARS-CoV-2 Ag OTC: Clinical Evaluation</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>:   SARS-CoV2 Infection;   COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Device: iCura COVID-19 Antigen Rapid Home Test;   Device: RT-PCR Test<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   MP Biomedicals, LLC;   EDP Biotech<br/><b>Completed</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>COVID-19 MP Biomedicals Rapid SARS-CoV-2 Antigen Test Usability</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>:   Sars-CoV-2 Infection;   COVID-19<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Device: Rapid SARS-CoV-2 Antigen Test<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   MP Biomedicals, LLC;   EDP Biotech<br/><b>Completed</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Safety and Immunogenicity of AdCLD-CoV19-1 OMI as a Booster: A SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) Preventive Vaccine</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>:   COVID-19;   Vaccines<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Biological: AdCLD-CoV19-1 OMI (Part A);   Biological: AdCLD-CoV19-1 OMI (Part B);   Other: Placebo (Part B)<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Cellid Co., Ltd.<br/><b>Active, not recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Safety and Dosage of a Computerized Cognitive Training Program for Cognitive Dysfunction After COVID-19</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>:   Post-Acute COVID-19;   Post Acute COVID-19 Syndrome;   Cognitive Dysfunction;   Cognitive Impairment<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Behavioral: CCT Long COVID<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Universidad Antonio de Nebrija<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-pubmed">From PubMed</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Therapeutic use of calpeptin in COVID-19 infection</strong> - This perspective considers the benefits of the potential future use of the cell permeant calpain inhibitor, calpeptin, as a drug to treat severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Recent work has reported calpeptin’s capacity to inhibit entry of the virus into cells. Elsewhere, several drugs, including calpeptin, were found to be able to inhibit extracellular vesicle (EV) biogenesis. Unsurprisingly, because of similarities between viral and EV release mechanisms,…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Human ZBP1 induces cell death-independent inflammatory signaling via RIPK3 and RIPK1</strong> - ZBP1 is an interferon-induced cytosolic nucleic acid sensor that facilitates antiviral responses via RIPK3. Although ZBP1-mediated programmed cell death is widely described, whether and how it promotes inflammatory signaling is unclear. Here, we report a ZBP1-induced inflammatory signaling pathway mediated by K63- and M1-linked ubiquitin chains, which depends on RIPK1 and RIPK3 as scaffolds independently of cell death. In human HT29 cells, ZBP1 associated with RIPK1 and RIPK3 as well as…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Post COVID-19 neuropsychiatric complications and therapeutic role for TNF-α inhibitors: a case series study</strong> - CONCLUSIONS: To our knowledge, this report is the first case series study that suggests TNF inhibitors in the treatment of post-COVID-19 syndrome, especially neuropsychological complications. However, future studies should evaluate the best therapeutic options for this syndrome.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Gossypol Broadly Inhibits Coronaviruses by Targeting RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerases</strong> - Outbreaks of coronaviruses (CoVs), especially severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), have posed serious threats to humans and animals, which urgently calls for effective broad-spectrum antivirals. RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) plays an essential role in viral RNA synthesis and is an ideal pan-coronaviral therapeutic target. Herein, based on cryo-electron microscopy and biochemical approaches, gossypol (GOS) is identified from 881 natural products to directly block…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Antiviral activity and mechanism of the antifungal drug, anidulafungin, suggesting its potential to promote treatment of viral diseases</strong> - CONCLUSIONS: The results demonstrated that the antifungal drug, anidulafungin, could effectively inhibit virus infection by interfering with virus entry, suggesting it may be utilized for the clinical treatment of infectious viral diseases, in addition to its FDA-approved use as an antifungal. The findings also suggested to further evaluate the anti-viral effects of echinocandins and their clinical importance for patients with infection of viruses, which may promote therapeutic strategies as…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Potent inhibition of diverse Omicron sublineages by SARS-CoV-2 fusion-inhibitory lipopeptides</strong> - The emergence and rapid spreading of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs) have posed a great challenge to the efficacy of vaccines and therapeutic antibodies, calling for antivirals that can overcome viral evasion. We recently reported that SARS-CoV-2 fusion-inhibitory lipopeptides, IPB02V3 and IPB24, possessed the potent activities against divergent VOCs, including Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta, and the initial Omicron strain (B.1.1.529); however, multiple Omicron sublineages have emerged and…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Selenium and COVID-19: A spotlight on the clinical trials, inventive compositions, and patent literature</strong> - Selenium is an indispensable trace element for all living organisms. It is an essential structural component of several selenium-dependent enzymes, which support the human body’s defense mechanism. Recently, the significance of selenium in preventing/treating COVID-19 has been documented in the literature. This review highlights the clinical studies, compositions, and patent literature on selenium to prevent/treat COVID-19. Selenium exerts its anti-COVID-19 action by reducing oxidative stress,…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Rapalogs downmodulate intrinsic immunity and promote cell entry of SARS-CoV-2</strong> - SARS-CoV-2 infection in immunocompromised individuals is associated with prolonged virus shedding and evolution of viral variants. Rapamycin and its analogs (rapalogs, including everolimus, temsirolimus, and ridaforolimus) are FDA-approved as mTOR inhibitors for the treatment of human diseases, including cancer and autoimmunity. Rapalog use is commonly associated with increased susceptibility to infection, which has been traditionally explained by impaired adaptive immunity. Here, we show that…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Combined Molnupiravir and Nirmatrelvir Treatment Improves the Inhibitory Effect on SARS-CoV-2 in Rhesus Macaques</strong> - The periodic emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs) with unpredictable clinical severity and ability to escape preexisting immunity emphasizes the continued need for antiviral interventions. Two small molecule inhibitors, molnupiravir (MK-4482), a nucleoside analog, and nirmatrelvir (PF-07321332), a 3C-like protease inhibitor, have each recently been approved as monotherapy for use in high risk COVID-19 patients. As preclinical data are only available for rodent and ferret models, we…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Evaluation of endogenous and therapeutic 25-hydroxycholesterols in murine models of pulmonary SARS-CoV-2 infection</strong> - Oxysterols (i.e., oxidized cholesterol species) have complex roles in biology. 25-hydroxycholesterol (25HC), a product of activity of cholesterol-25-hydroxylase (CH25H) upon cholesterol, has recently been shown to be broadly antiviral, suggesting therapeutic potential against SARS-CoV-2. However, 25HC can also amplify inflammation and tissue injury and be converted by CYP7B1 to 7α,25HC, a lipid with chemoattractant activity via the G protein-coupled receptor, EBI2/GPR183. Here, using in vitro…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A systematic literature review informing the consensus statement on efficacy and safety of pharmacological treatment with interleukin-6 pathway inhibition with biological DMARDs in immune-mediated inflammatory diseases</strong> - CONCLUSION: IL-6 inhibition is effective for treatment of several inflammatory diseases with a safety profile that is widely comparable to other bDMARDs.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Pulmonary drug delivery: an effective and convenient delivery route to combat COVID-19</strong> - The recent outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Wuhan, China has spread rapidly around the world, leading to a widespread and urgent effort to develop and use comprehensive approaches in the treatment of COVID-19. While oral therapy is accepted as an effective and simple method, since the primary site of infection and disease progression of COVID-19 is mainly through the lungs, inhaled drug delivery directly to the lungs may be the most appropriate route of administration. To…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination in Kidney Transplant Recipients-Stratified Analysis of the Humoral Immune Response</strong> - CONCLUSIONS: Apart from immunosuppressive therapy, the humoral vaccination response is largely affected by nonmodifiable factors in kidney transplant recipients. With the currently leading and clinically easier Omicron variant, this puts into perspective the strategy to significantly enhance the protective efficacy of the available vaccines by reducing or temporarily stopping proliferation inhibitors, not least considering the inherent rejection risk with a possible deterioration of graft…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Microbiome analysis revealing microbial interactions and secondary bacterial infections in COVID-19 patients co-morbidly affected by type 2 diabetes</strong> - CONCLUSIONS: The dysbiosis of the bacterial community might be linked with severe consequences of COVID-19 infected diabetic patients, although few probiotic strains inhibited numerous pathogens in the same pathological niches. This study suggested that the promotion of normal-flora and probiotics through dietary supplementation and excessive inflammation reduction by preventing secondary infections might lead to a better outcome for those co-morbid patients. This article is protected by…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>DNA damage contributes to age-associated differences in SARS-CoV-2 infection</strong> - Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is known to disproportionately affect older individuals. How aging processes affect SARS-CoV-2 infection and disease progression remains largely unknown. Here, we found that DNA damage, one of the hallmarks of aging, promoted SARS-CoV-2 infection in vitro and in vivo. SARS-CoV-2 entry was facilitated by DNA damage caused by extrinsic genotoxic stress or telomere dysfunction and…</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-patent-search">From Patent Search</h1>
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<h1 data-aos="fade-down" id="daily-dose">Daily-Dose</h1>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" data-aos-anchor-placement="top-bottom" id="contents">Contents</h1>
<ul>
<li><a href="#from-new-yorker">From New Yorker</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-vox">From Vox</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-the-hindu-sports">From The Hindu: Sports</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-the-hindu-national-news">From The Hindu: National News</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-bbc-europe">From BBC: Europe</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-ars-technica">From Ars Technica</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-jokes-subreddit">From Jokes Subreddit</a></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-new-yorker">From New Yorker</h1>
<ul>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>The Political Gospel of Raphael Warnock</strong> - With his opponent, Herschel Walker, weathering a series of scandals, can the Democratic senator from Georgia find a way to retain his seat? - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/the-political-scene/the-political-gospel-of-raphael-warnock">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Kanye West’s Parler Games</strong> - A stream of offensive statements from Ye and the announcement that he will buy a fringe social network have reignited debates about free speech. But maybe that’s not the best place to start. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/daily-comment/kanye-wests-parler-games">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>The Conservative Stalwart Challenging the Far-Right Legal Theory That Could Subvert American Democracy</strong> - J. Michael Luttig is opposing Republican groups in one of the most momentous cases that the Supreme Court is considering this term. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/news-desk/the-conservative-stalwart-challenging-the-far-right-legal-theory-that-could-subvert-american-democracy">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>What a “Winning Culture” Really Means</strong> - After the Warriors’ Draymond Green punched a teammate, the team’s season was recast as a test of the organization’s culture. But what would it mean to pass that test? - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/sports/sporting-scene/what-a-winning-culture-really-means">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>After Liz Truss’s Resignation, Britain Urgently Needs a General Election</strong> - Common sense, basic decency, and the U.K.’s reputation as a healthy democracy demand one. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/our-columnists/after-liz-trusss-resignation-britain-urgently-needs-a-general-election">link</a></p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-vox">From Vox</h1>
<ul>
<li><strong>How to move your body when your brain won’t cooperate</strong> -
<figure>
<img alt="An illustration showing a person in bed, while others run on the street outside their window." src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/_a3nS1TXNBEt--OjX-nWqUPcl5w=/295x0:2067x1329/1310x983/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_image/image/71524823/illustration_3.0.jpg"/>
<figcaption>
KIMI for Vox
</figcaption>
</figure>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
The mental health benefits of moving your body are considerable, even though the barriers to entry can feel high.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="BNh7nU">
Six days out of the week, at roughly 2 pm, I exercise. It’s my midday pick-me-up (as opposed to having another cup of coffee), helping me catch my second wind and finish out the day. How intense it is depends on how I’m feeling. It could be a Peloton class or a heavy weight-lifting session. Or it could be a more restorative practice such as yoga or a long walk.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="qfburA">
It seems like a simple enough endeavor, baked into my schedule, and ready for me to execute. There are many days, though, when I just don’t want to. I could be sitting in my gym clothes, with my bag packed and by the door, willing myself to get up and go move my body. These are the moments when I step back and assess if I should push myself, do something lighter than planned, or consider it a rest day and watch <em>Rick and Morty</em> reruns.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="uDjqPM">
This is a feeling most of us know well. There are days when you have the motivation, others when you have to muster up your willpower to get moving, and some when you decide to just take the day off. But movement, and resolving to do <em>something</em> even when you don’t feel up to it, doesn’t need to be about getting fit or hitting a personal record in the gym. The best benefits of being active in some way are often the ones we don’t see touted on Instagram — like having <a href="https://www.health.harvard.edu/exercise-and-fitness/does-exercise-really-boost-energy-levels">more energy during the day</a>, building strength, boosting <a href="https://ucfhealth.com/health-tips/lift-the-brain-fog-with-aerobic-exercise/#:~:text=Most%20people%20think%20of%20exercise,brain%2C%20memory%20is%20typically%20enhanced.">brain health</a>, and other <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1470658/#:~:text=Exercise%20improves%20mental%20health%20by,self%2Desteem%20and%20cognitive%20function.&amp;text=Exercise%20has%20also%20been%20found,self%2Desteem%20and%20social%20withdrawal.">mental health benefits</a>. Movement provides nearly everyone and every body with these benefits — <a href="https://www.vox.com/even-better/2022/8/17/23306357/aesthetic-fitness-workout-tiktok-mindset">no “perfect” aesthetic necessary</a>. And while someone who is navigating a serious bout of depression or anxiety likely won’t have the same intrinsic motivation capacity as someone whose mental health is stable, everyone benefits from moving in some way.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="3agqK3">
So how can we structure our lives and environments to ensure that we get moving, in some way, on those days when we’re struggling to do so? I spoke with several fitness experts to see how. Here’s what they said.
</p>
<h3 id="ht7Fxg">
Remind yourself how good it feels to move your body, and reframe what’s considered movement
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="pqP40Q">
The Department of Health and Human Services recommends getting <a href="https://www.cdc.gov/physicalactivity/basics/adults/index.htm">at least 150 minutes</a> of moderate aerobic activity or 75 minutes of vigorous aerobic activity each week, plus two days of strength training.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="EgVAfy">
This doesn’t mean you need to visit your gym each day and push heavy weights or take a HIIT class. There’s a difference between exercise and physical activity. The former refers to structured activity in pursuit of a fitness goal, while the latter can be anything that requires you to move — including going on a walk, taking a virtual yoga class, dancing around your apartment, playing with your kids or pets, or some light stretching. On those days when you don’t feel up to your exercise routine, taking it easier than usual can still be a way to hit the recommended physical activity benchmarks.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="FhN1Qm">
We feel different every day due to sleep quality, stress, work, family obligations, and our mental health. Saving the tough workouts for the days you feel amazing, and modifying on the days you don’t, allows you to take better care of your body in the long run. Striving for perfection is a sure way to burn out. It’s okay to deviate from the plan in order to meet yourself where you are and figure out why you don’t feel up to your usual. Is it a need for more sleep? Better stress management? Or more food?
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="HtVGZ8">
“Any movement that you can do is going to benefit your body, whether or not it’s at the gym or structured exercise,” said Katie Heinrich, a professor of kinesiology at Kansas State University. “So maybe you’re in your gym clothes. You’re like, ‘Man, I just do not want to go to the gym.’ That’s fine. Just move. Put on a song you like to dance to. Or do 10 pushups, 10 situps, and 10 squats. Even just standing and moving is better than sitting.”
</p>
<h3 id="Se0Hob">
Find an accountability buddy
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="nljrWI">
Having friends who support you in moving your body can be the deciding factor between getting some steps in for the day or crashing on the couch, according to ​​Sami Yli-Piipari, a physical activity specialist at the University of Georgia. Making physical activity a group endeavor can foster a sense of community and make you feel like others are on your side — a powerful motivator. “Humans have a need to be autonomous. They have a need to be competent in what they are doing, but also they need to feel like a relationship is there,” he explained.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="wTOqkQ">
Plus, it’s harder to opt out of a pre-planned activity if friends or a trainer are waiting on you before class. Yli-Piipari also noted that less straightforward things, like scheduling an Uber in advance to pick you up for the gym, can help.
</p>
<h3 id="Pm0KRa">
Create an environment that promotes sustainable movement
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="EiCrK6">
Our personal environments can <a href="https://www.takingcharge.csh.umn.edu/how-does-your-personal-environment-impact-your-wellbeing">promote or hinder our well-being</a> — a complex reality influenced by someone’s various privileges and disadvantages — and it has a direct influence on how motivated we are to get something done. Taking your workout clothes to work, packing your gym bag the night before, laying out workout clothes in advance, or placing them on a chair you walk by frequently are just a few tips the experts I spoke to offered for building an environment that promotes movement.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="cGUOi4">
It’s imperative to take stock of how you can fit bouts of movement into your day. Maybe it’s with a standing desk or walking around your room every hour. For others, scheduling physical activity in a digital calendar or planner the same way you’d note a doctor’s appointment is effective. For those of us who love crossing things off a list, writing down exercise as if it’s a task helps too.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="BtPVI7">
But it’s also vital to be realistic about when it happens. If you’re not a morning person, don’t schedule morning workouts. If your evenings are spent wrangling family obligations or you want to go out with your friends, then maybe a lunch hour session is best. And if an hour block isn’t feasible, Heinrich suggests breaking it up into smaller chunks, which may work best for those with rigid or unpredictable schedules. Parents can also squeeze in workouts by joining their kids in running around on the playground, or doing a circuit as they’re watching their kids play. (A big selling point for at-home workouts is the fact that you can watch your children, take a meeting, or cook a meal in the oven during an exercise session.)
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="T3MUxA">
“Every minute of activity that you can do creates physiological and mental responses in your body,” she explained. “And typically, if someone is feeling exhausted, if you move your body, you will find that you feel better. And those aches and pains that you are starting to feel may just go away.”
</p>
<h3 id="MJlxiJ">
Know the difference between feeling sluggish and actually needing to rest
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="OTAla8">
Everyone I spoke with was clear that movement isn’t always the best solution to feeling blah. Perhaps the most important thing you can do is figure out the difference between needing to take a walk and needing to rest your body. Tiredness can occur for a number of reasons. Sometimes you’ve been looking at your screen for too long, and you need an activity break. Other times, you could need a nap. If the fatigue is overwhelming or persistent, your body could <a href="https://www.thecut.com/2022/09/what-is-adrenal-fatigue.html">be signaling</a> that there’s an underlying medical issue that needs to be addressed. And of course, if you’re experiencing a fever, pain, or an injury, that’s a clear indication that you need to focus on getting better.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="64Au26">
But Brittany Brandt, the fitness and well-being coordinator for West Virginia University, said that if you just feel tired and want to skip that day’s physical activity, that’s okay too. Try not to beat yourself up over “breaking a streak,” and instead afford yourself some grace, she said. Throwing in a little something daily — whether it’s a walk around the block or a quick stretch before bed — will do your body much better than stressing out over not moving as you had planned for the day.
</p>
<p class="c-end-para" data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Kfjs93">
“People put themselves in a box sometimes of, ‘Oh, I have to work out Monday through Friday,’ or only on certain days, and if they get derailed, they say, ‘I’ll just try again on Monday,’” she said. “But there’s no stigma on that. You can move every day.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="r0yO5P">
<a href="https://www.vox.com/authors/julia-craven"><em>Julia Craven</em></a><em> is a writer covering anything she thinks is cool, and she’s the brain behind </em><a href="https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__juliacraven.substack.com_&amp;d=DwMFaQ&amp;c=7MSjEE-cVgLCRHxk1P5PWg&amp;r=Rg_frVECyHq8RLGpsvHBW3D76DIRpCQrSH_yE2X1iQg&amp;m=Pp_lTxRj3b13d8zOqKI9STNH5DhSONNyiwIt97tczppQl9Uwc_Knp19QCleFB1Q7&amp;s=T5QtS0OqI4dZUEh4gMGEtXlDwa44duUU9S8tVS3CHKc&amp;e="><em>Make It Make Sense</em></a><em>, a wellness newsletter.</em>
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="OV6sP6">
<a href="http://www.vox.com/even-better"><em>Even Better</em></a><em> is here to offer deeply sourced, actionable advice for helping you live a better life. Do you have a question on money and work; friends, family, and community; or personal growth and health? Send us your question by filling out this </em><a href="https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSfiStGSlsWDBmglim7Dh1Y9Hy386rkeKGpfwF6BCjmgnZdqfQ/viewform"><em>form</em></a><em>. We might turn it into a story.</em>
</p></li>
<li><strong>The Banshees of Inisherin is great — and even better if you know the history behind it</strong> -
<figure>
<img alt="Two Irish men are at a bar, looking a little distressed." src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/RkZw_xKxMrLzVFTTjVadA8dxFus=/199x0:1372x880/1310x983/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_image/image/71524705/bansheescover.0.jpg"/>
<figcaption>
Brendan Gleeson and Colin Farrell in <em>The Banshees of Inisherin.</em> | Searchlight Pictures
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</figure>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Colin Farrell and Brendan Gleeson re-team for Martin McDonagh’s riotous fable that’s about more than a friend breakup.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="izpHwb">
It doesn’t take a doctorate in Irish history — thank goodness, since I do not have one — to know that <em>The Banshees of Inisherin</em> is not merely a delightfully madcap tale of Irish zaniness. It <em>is</em> that, since writer and director Martin McDonagh (of <em>In Bruges</em> and <em>Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri</em>) is incapable of turning out a boring story. But there’s more to it than what’s on the surface.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="02T0Uv">
<em>The Banshees of Inisherin</em> plays like a very funny fable or a folk tale, the story of two lifelong friends, Pádraic (Colin Farrell) and Colm (Brendan Gleeson). The two men live on a remote island off the Irish coast, which is sparsely populated by a collection of eccentrics who’ve known each other forever and are unlikely to ever leave. The only occupant with aspirations to get off the island is Pádraic’s sister Siobhán (Kerry Condon), who’s tired to death of everyone, especially the men, who are, as she says, “all feckin’ boring.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="RTutq5">
Well, maybe not <em>all</em> boring. One day at the pub, their usual afternoon haunt, Pádraic discovers that Colm is no longer his friend. The reason for the break is elusive to Pádraic, and even a bit elusive to Colm, who just can’t deal with his friend anymore. But when Pádraic can’t accept Colm’s decision, Colm sets out to make his intentions clear in the most unhinged way possible.
</p>
<figure class="e-image">
<img alt="One man sits inside a room; the other peers in from the window." src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/aykQCx3dbM_w8uTFK2pRSPI2h6o=/800x0/filters:no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/24126977/banshees1.jpg"/> <cite>Searchlight Pictures</cite>
<figcaption>
Gleeson and Farrell in <em>The Banshees of Inisherin.</em>
</figcaption>
</figure>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="n52DNd">
McDonagh (Irish, but raised in London) is a playwright at heart and by trade, and he thrives in this sort of setup: a tightly controlled world of weirdos, a hothouse for quarrels and inside jokes and petty beefs and grudges held so long that people barely remember where they started. It makes for immensely entertaining storytelling, and he’s at his best in this distinctly Irish setting. Reuniting Gleeson and Farrell, whose odd-couple pairing rendered the gothic crime comedy of <em>In Bruges</em> so unforgettable, was the right choice. They’re fantastic in the roles, Gleeson as a world-weary grump and Farrell as a naif who seems to be missing a few screws.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="O4e7aY">
But if you don’t detect what’s happening in the background of <em>The Banshees of Inisherin</em>, then it just plays as a weird tale told late at night over a few pints. The film really expands when you look into the background.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="egZf5M">
Because just across the way, across the water from Inisherin, there are explosions visible on the coast. The characters remark upon them occasionally, musing on the fighting that’s happening over there, a conflict they hope and believe will be over soon. No matter — it doesn’t touch them here on the island, where it’s Colm and Pádraic’s break that occupies everyone’s attention.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="ftggXm">
That fighting, presumably, is actually part of the Irish civil war. The film is set in 1923, at a time when that conflict had been raging for nearly a year. It’s part of the long history of strife and violence in Ireland, mostly having to do with vastly differing views on British rule of the island. The civil war commenced after the Irish War of Independence, which led to the establishment of Ireland as a free state that nonetheless would remain part of the British Commonwealth (more like Canada than Scotland, in other words). Some who had fought for independence with the Irish Republican Army supported the treaty that created the Free State; <a href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-59489429">others fiercely opposed it</a>, believing that Ireland ought to be wholly free from British involvement.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="jhBqGY">
The result was a bloody war in which men who had fought on the same side now were fighting one another, lasting from June 1922 to May 1923. Watch <em>The Banshees of Inisherin</em> with this in mind, and you can start to see what McDonagh is doing. The break between Colm and Pádraic works on its own terms, but it’s also a startlingly violent fight between men who are basically brothers, a fight that has a logic to it and yet is heartbreaking precisely because of the depth of history between them. It’s the conflict in microcosm.
</p>
<figure class="e-image">
<img alt="Two men face the water, away from the camera. One looks at the other." src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/VdjrM4OtzkqXsdGJEjurXgFg1ZM=/800x0/filters:no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/24126980/banshees3.jpg"/> <cite>Searchlight Pictures</cite>
<figcaption>
Gleeson and Farrell look across the water in <em>The Banshees of Inisherin.</em>
</figcaption>
</figure>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="JCBdda">
The “banshees” of the title (and of the song Colm is composing throughout) are significant, as well. They hail from Irish folklore: female spirits who shriek and wail and mourn, signaling that a family member will soon die. In <em>The Banshees of Inisherin</em>, there’s no literal banshee, but it’s clear that’s the role that Mrs. McCormick, the pipe-smoking old woman that Pádraic avoids like the plague, plays in the village. Her dark forebodings suggest death is on the horizon — literally, on the horizon they can see.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="czXU7w">
In the end, the characters muse that the conflict across the way seems to be subsiding, and it seems the conflict on Inisherin might be too, in the darkest of manners. But that dialogue is meant to take on a note of bitter irony — or perhaps the darkest of comedy, which are two sides of the same coin in Ireland. Because we know, 100 years later, that the conflict didn’t subside in Ireland, even if a tenuous peace held in the Republic. Plenty more fighting would transpire, much of it in Northern Ireland (now part of the United Kingdom), specifically during the Troubles, which lasted from the 1960s to the 1990s. Plenty more blood would be spilled, and conflicts would divide Irish society for generations.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="h1rYxK">
Which is what provides <em>The Banshees of Inisherin</em> — undoubtedly a comedy, and often a very funny one — with its tragic backbone. Friend against friend, brother against brother, love lost and grudges cracking the fabric of society; it’s all contained in this little fable. And the banshee foretelling doom stands in the background, shrieking and mourning it all.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="zgNP8q">
The Banshees of Inisherin <em>opens in theaters on October 21.</em>
</p></li>
<li><strong>The mysterious rise of food allergies</strong> -
<figure>
<img alt="A graphic showing a slice of bread with “caution” tape around it." src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/Jf9btK_sV5Y2YeBGcxj_PlmVQ4I=/210x0:1650x1080/1310x983/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_image/image/71524547/food_allergy.0.jpg"/>
<figcaption>
Dion Lee/Vox
</figcaption>
</figure>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
More kids and adults are finding out that they can’t eat their favorite foods. Why?
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="v9HZ6o">
Peanuts. Shellfish. Soy. Wheat. Tree nuts. Dairy. Eggs.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="kE9ze3">
For millions of Americans, these ingredients are a recipe for an upset stomach, hives, swelling, or even a trip to the emergency room — all because of allergies to food.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="ZRBdpf">
Food allergies are becoming increasingly common, in children and in adults. Yet it’s surprisingly difficult to get a handle on even the basics. The United States Department of Agriculture estimates about <a href="https://ask.usda.gov/s/article/How-many-Americans-have-food-allergies">2 percent of adults and 4 to 8 percent of children</a> suffer from food allergies, but some scientists think the number is as high as 10 percent across the board, around 33 million people in the US. Some have even described <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3943426/">food allergies as an epidemic</a>.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="YBKGZa">
It adds up to a tremendous burden across the health system and the economy. Allergies can be dangerous but are rarely lethal. About <a href="https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/66/wr/mm6615a2.htm">150 to 200 people</a> die per year in the US from food-related allergies. However, allergies <a href="https://ask.usda.gov/s/article/How-many-Americans-have-food-allergies">lead to 30,000 emergency room visits</a> and 2,000 hospitalizations annually. Even for people who avoid serious reactions, their food allergies can take a toll. They may have to say no to a favorite dinner for fear of contamination, or struggle with the anxiety that they have to trust their lives to strangers at restaurants. Managing allergies can get expensive, too. Between doctor visits, hospitalizations, medicines, caregiving, lost productivity, and specialized meals, food allergies cost the US economy close to <a href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapediatrics/fullarticle/1738764">$25 billion per year</a>.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="390bGt">
All this adds immense urgency to perhaps the biggest mystery of food allergies: Why are they on the rise? Why are more babies and kids reacting badly to cookies, ice cream, cake, and milk? Why are more adults discovering that they can’t eat a lobster roll anymore?
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="H4Mkjp">
“Certainly the word ‘unexplainable’ fits here,” said <a href="https://www.niaid.nih.gov/about/division-allergy-immunology-transplantation-contacts">Alkis Togias</a>, branch chief for allergies at the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases.
</p>
<div id="GJVkxj">
</div>
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</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="N0FH7n">
This week’s episode of <a href="https://www.vox.com/unexplainable/"><em>Unexplainable</em></a>, Vox’s podcast about unsolved mysteries in science, examines the drivers of food allergies and how doctors are working to treat them, even if they don’t know what’s behind them.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="dsygbi">
It turns out that some of the trappings of the modern world may have had some unintended consequences, and some well-intentioned guidance on how we should eat may have been completely wrong.
</p>
<h3 id="zPi5s8">
What makes an allergy an allergy?
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="fQpBvb">
Lots of things get lumped in as allergies, but scientists have a strict definition: Allergies are an overreaction of the immune system involving an antibody called <a href="https://www.chop.edu/conditions-diseases/ige-mediated-food-allergies">immunoglobulin E</a> (IgE). This is a protein that’s produced to help the immune system identify and counteract invaders. When IgE finds a threat, it triggers the production of a hormone called histamine, which causes blood vessels to dilate, tissues to inflame, skin to itch, and the airways to wheeze, cough, or sneeze — all in the hope of getting the threat away from the body.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="xKbZJ5">
This mechanism evolved to help our bodies cope with <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5010491/">parasites and venom</a>. But occasionally, something benign like pollen or peanut proteins can set off the alarms. The immune system might have been trained wrong, or an allergen may have a structure in common with something that is a threat.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="38aQSr">
Most often, allergies are a nuisance, but they can sometimes ramp up the immune system to dangerously high levels. Blood vessels dilate so wide that they cause a major drop in blood pressure while inflammation forces airways to swell shut, a life-threatening condition known as <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000844.htm">anaphylaxis</a>. For people with severe allergies, this reaction can turn deadly in minutes.
</p>
<figure class="e-image">
<img alt="A food allergy warning sign over a buffet." src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/-zon7gZEFBMsKmcdx7-mz5zlcdI=/800x0/filters:no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/24123712/GettyImages_1177463269.jpeg"/> <cite>Jeffrey Greenberg/Universal Images Group via Getty Images</cite>
<figcaption>
People with food allergies have to be diligent about what they eat.
</figcaption>
</figure>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="syxqO5">
Many things can cause allergies, but food allergies are particularly concerning. After all, people have to eat every day. They’re also confounding because allergies aren’t the only type of bad reactions people have to food. Being lactose intolerant is not the same thing as having a <a href="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/milk-allergy/symptoms-causes/syc-20375101">milk allergy</a>, for example. The former involves the digestive system, while the latter is a function of the immune system, and thus they require different treatments.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="tk6Avf">
So when someone feels sick after eating something, allergies aren’t the only suspect. In recent years, doctors have improved their ability to sort out these problems, which explains some of the rise in allergies.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="iKadRr">
“There is a little bit of an effect of better epidemiology and better diagnostics here, no question about that, but there’s also no question that a real increase has occurred,” Togias said.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="6j7gjO">
That means there must be some other mechanism that is making increasing numbers of people unable to eat their favorite meals and snacks.
</p>
<h3 id="2jprAz">
The theories behind the rise in food allergies
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="zmeZmF">
So why are food allergy rates going up? There are a few ideas, and they aren’t exclusive. No single theory explains everything, and there are likely several factors at work. And because we’re talking about a trend over years and decades across entire countries, it takes time to figure out exactly what’s at play.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="MUMxN7">
Here are what scientists are thinking most about when it comes to food allergies:
</p>
<h4 id="8c7pth">
Hygiene hypothesis
</h4>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="jzteE7">
As sanitation and cleanliness have improved, food allergy rates have increased. The thinking is that with fewer germs and parasites to counteract, the immune system starts to turn against harmless things like allergens. But not every germ is equally important in this regard. There are specific benign, even helpful, microorganisms that evolved alongside humans and may play a crucial role in regulating the immune system: the so-called “<a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3868387/">old friends</a>.” As people spend more time in highly sanitized environments, they are less likely to meet their old friends.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="FWO9QC">
Circumstantial evidence for this is apparent around the world. Wealthy countries have some of the highest rates of allergies. Developing countries are seeing allergy rates rise as their standards of living improve. In China, <a href="https://weekly.chinacdc.cn/en/article/doi/10.46234/ccdcw2022.162">food allergy rates</a> rose from 5 percent in the decade between 1999 and 2008 to 8 percent between 2009 and 2018. People who emigrate from poorer countries with low allergy rates to wealthier countries <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15711097/">see their allergy rates go up</a>, and their children soon experience allergies as frequently as native residents. <a href="https://news.feinberg.northwestern.edu/2012/06/07/child_allergies/">Allergy rates are higher in urban areas</a> than in rural regions where people spend more time with nature.
</p>
<figure class="e-image">
<img alt="This sign warns baseball fans that they should check their peanuts at the door. It reads “Thank you for not eating peanuts or cracker jacks.” Fenway Park has designated a special section of the ballpark as a “peanut-allergy friendly zone”" src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/9a5UB3PYUHB8urtPE_6VuZgxK4o=/800x0/filters:no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/24123731/GettyImages_134158999.jpeg"/> <cite>Dina Rudick/Boston Globe via Getty Images</cite>
<figcaption>
Allergies to peanuts are increasingly common.
</figcaption>
</figure>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="vnI1X4">
But the hygiene hypothesis doesn’t explain everything we see with allergies. Sanitation has been improving for centuries, but allergies have spiked in the past couple of decades. Within wealthy countries, it’s <a href="https://khn.org/news/poor-and-minority-children-with-food-allergies-overlooked-and-in-danger/">minorities and lower-income residents</a> who have the highest rate of food allergies.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="OJKO8d">
Some researchers now <a href="https://www.pnas.org/doi/full/10.1073/pnas.1700688114">object to the term “hygiene hypothesis”</a> because it doesn’t capture all these nuances and makes it seem like being dirtier is the solution to allergies. It’s not, so keep washing your hands and don’t go out licking subway poles.
</p>
<h4 id="0JCdEY">
Exposure timing
</h4>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="gXCai3">
Babies have malleable immune systems, and the first months of life are critical for calibrating an immune system’s response to threats. That time period is particularly important for infants who have a family history of food allergies or a risk factor for developing them, such as eczema.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="ZZJyIp">
“Our guidelines suggested initially that kids should avoid food allergens early in life,” said <a href="https://experts.mcmaster.ca/display/mackd1">Douglas Mack</a>, an assistant clinical professor of pediatrics at McMaster University. But this thinking may have been wrong, and it may have even backfired. It could explain why allergy rates have risen so much in the past 30 years compared to the decades prior.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="YN2g4E">
A seminal 2015 study called <a href="https://www.leapstudy.co.uk/leap-0">LEAP</a> (Learning Early About Peanut) randomized 640 infants with allergy risk factors to either consume or avoid peanut products. It found that by 5 years old, the babies who avoided peanuts had a <a href="https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1414850">peanut allergy rate of 13.7 percent</a> while those that didn’t had a rate of 1.9 percent. Exposure to peanut proteins early in life actually reduced allergy rates.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="whiA9e">
Conversely, telling parents to avoid food allergens for their babies may have made things worse.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="6cOfCJ">
It’s not clear why, but it may relate to another idea sometimes called the <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3354303/">dual exposure hypothesis</a>. Food allergens can be introduced through the digestive system, but also through the skin, particularly in babies that have eczema. Allergen exposure through the skin seems to sensitize people, but through the gut, it appears to tamp down allergic responses. So even if a baby isn’t eating peanuts, soy, or eggs, the baby may still be exposed in the home through the skin, tilting the balance toward an allergy.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="QNMSFA">
“I think we have to take some of the blame as clinicians,” Mack said.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="TJr8sT">
Health officials in many countries now say that babies should be slowly <a href="https://www.dietaryguidelines.gov/sites/default/files/2020-12/Dietary_Guidelines_for_Americans_2020-2025.pdf">exposed to potential allergens</a> under the guidance of a pediatrician. According to the <a href="https://www.dietaryguidelines.gov/sites/default/files/2020-12/Dietary_Guidelines_for_Americans_2020-2025.pdf">USDA’s updated dietary guidelines</a>, “There is no evidence that delaying introduction of allergenic foods, beyond when other complementary foods are introduced, helps to prevent food allergy.”
</p>
<figure class="e-image">
<img alt="Photo of baby with syringe in its mouth." src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/BuNlF7BDFi-vXXpAR7bRcvayFcY=/800x0/filters:no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/24123782/GettyImages_179805153.jpeg"/> <cite>BSIP/Universal Images Group via Getty Images</cite>
<figcaption>
A baby receives an oral test for milk allergies.
</figcaption>
</figure>
<h4 id="mp6L2M">
Genetics
</h4>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="6D43tV">
It does appear that some people are more inherently susceptible to developing allergies than others. However, the genetic roots of allergies are complicated, as nearly <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4415518/">100 genes are known to be involved</a>. Among twins where at least one in the pair is allergic, <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10887305/">64 percent of identical twins</a> — twins that have the same genetics — shared a peanut allergy, while just 7 percent of fraternal twins had an allergy in common.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="U0YlRx">
Genetic susceptibility may also explain why the rates of some types of allergies are leveling off in wealthy countries.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="1Qt3pC">
“What we think is happening is that there is a plateau we’re reaching now,” Togias said. “Perhaps this plateau is a genetic limit.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="4khWHN">
Like other explanations, genetics don’t explain everything about allergies, but they could shed more light on other ways to prevent allergies, according to Togias.
</p>
<h4 id="YtPD5K">
Vitamin D deficiency
</h4>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="4IYr2w">
The human body produces vitamin D with exposure to sunlight, though you can also get it through your diet. Vitamin D plays an important role in regulating the immune system, and as <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19307527/">vitamin D levels have declined across populations</a>, <a href="https://www.aaaai.org/tools-for-the-public/conditions-library/allergies/vitamin-d-food-allergy">food allergy rates have gone up</a>.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="k4TWYj">
People in wealthy countries that spend more time indoors have higher food allergy rates than those spending more time outside. Countries that are further from the equator have higher allergy rates than those along the planet’s sunny middle.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="DaIBj3">
This is a less-studied explanation than the other theories, and researchers are trying to figure out whether vitamin D supplements could play a role in reducing allergy rates.
</p>
<h4 id="glvcSa">
Theories behind adult-onset allergies
</h4>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="HceROi">
Many of these other theories get at the rise of foodborne allergies in children, but say little about adult-onset allergies, which are even harder to study. Stories abound of people finding out the hard way that they can no longer eat their favorite foods, but adults often don’t bother to get an official allergy diagnosis, which means that other types of food sensitivities can get lumped in.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="ZyTTC7">
As for why adults can suddenly develop allergies, there are a couple of explanations. One is that the immune system itself goes through an aging process. With time, it does a poorer job of regulating itself. So an adult might become sensitized to an allergen over time.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="6sI7hw">
Allergies in adults might also arise from immunological stresses like “a strong infection that somehow affected the immune system and sent a message for the immune system to start developing IgE antibodies where it did not before,” according to Togias.
</p>
<h3 id="cokerd">
People with food allergies don’t have to suffer
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="vktbto">
Even though scientists are still grappling with why food allergy rates have shot up, the good news is that it’s easier than ever to live with them. The first order is to figure out whether you actually have an allergy. The gold standard is a test known as a food challenge, where you eat the suspicious shrimp, peanut butter, or omelet under medical supervision. There are also skin tests. Figuring out the mechanism can help you suss out whether you need to avoid the food completely or if you can manage it with treatment.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="mOT28h">
In terms of preventing exposure, more foods carry allergy warnings and more restaurants are aware of allergy risks, but it can still be dicey. According to the <a href="https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/66/wr/mm6615a2.htm">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</a>, half of fatal food allergic reactions came from restaurants and food service.
</p>
<figure class="e-image">
<img alt="A person holds an EpiPen." src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/6DHmEvP_nec9qY2MDWYhj-CBE4M=/800x0/filters:no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/24123769/GettyImages_597987734.jpeg"/> <cite>Drew Angerer/Getty Images</cite>
<figcaption>
Epinephrine auto-injectors like this EpiPen can treat severe allergic reactions.
</figcaption>
</figure>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="UqlVxc">
For severe reactions, tools like an epinephrine injector, commonly known as an EpiPen, can stem anaphylaxis. If you see someone having a severe allergic reaction and they have an EpiPen, remember: blue to the sky, orange to the thigh. More than 3 million Americans keep these emergency injectors close by, but one manufacturer, Mylan, has in recent years jacked up the price <a href="https://www.vox.com/2016/8/23/12608316/epipen-price-mylan">more than 400 percent</a>.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="YL3cjD">
As for ongoing treatments, there are drugs that can mitigate mild allergy symptoms. There is also <a href="https://www.chop.edu/centers-programs/oral-immunotherapy-program/oral-immunotherapy-101-learning-module">immunotherapy</a>, where a patient is gradually exposed to increasing doses of an allergen over time under medical supervision.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="aAJqkL">
Right now, there is no known way to reliably “cure” an allergy, but scientists have some leads. One hot area of research is the pool of microorganisms that live on the skin, in the lungs, and in the gut, what’s known as the microbiome. This appears to be a critical element in all allergies, not just food allergies, according to Togias. By figuring out how the microbiome interacts with allergies, scientists hope to cultivate a way to reduce food allergy severity over the long term.
</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-the-hindu-sports">From The Hindu: Sports</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Caracas, Armory and Beldona please</strong> -</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Flying Visit shines</strong> -</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>HERO ISL 22-23 | Hyderabad FC will draw confidence from its win over NEUFC as it takes on Bengaluru FC</strong> - Both teams have four points each after two rounds of matches in the Indian Super League season 9</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Major changes in FIH Pro League format</strong> -</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>India Khelo Football hosts Premier League Scouts in India via ProSoccer Global's Workshop</strong> - Selected kids with exceptional talent will avail 100 percent scholarship at Steven Gerard Academy in Liverpool</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-the-hindu-national-news">From The Hindu: National News</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Junior doctors serve strike notice demanding hike in stipend</strong> - APJUDA of 11 medical colleges will participate in strike from October 26, if the demands were not solved, says doctors</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Excise steps up vigil to bust hooch dens in Kozhikode</strong> - Over 1,000 litres of wash, secretly kept for crude distillation process, destroyed in a week</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Helping indie filmmakers expand their footprint</strong> - Kozhikode-based Minimal Cinema has taken up video-on-demand distribution of nearly 20 works, including feature films and documentaries, which are available on ‘rent’ or ‘buy’ options</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>EC stops sheep distribution</strong> -</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Lack of maintenance, incessant rains a threat to heritage buildings in Mysuru</strong> - INTACH Mysuru wants immeditae intervention in case of 25 heritage buildings</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-bbc-europe">From BBC: Europe</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Italy Meloni: Far-right leader poised to govern despite Putin row</strong> - Giorgia Meloni could soon be sworn in as PM despite a row over an ally’s pro-Putin remarks.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Ukraine war: Zelensky accuses Russia of plot to blow up dam</strong> - Ukraine’s leader warns of a “large-scale disaster” if Russia targets the Kakhovka hydroelectric plant.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Ukraine war: Iranian drone experts ‘on the ground’ in Crimea - US</strong> - Tehran has experts on the ground in Crimea helping with drone attacks on Ukraine, the White House says.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Ukraine war: Growing Russia-Iran ties pose new dangers</strong> - The conflict has driven them closer together in a way which could impact the world beyond Ukraine.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Ukrainians told to ‘charge everything’ as power grid hit by Russia</strong> - As Russian attacks on Ukraine’s energy plants intensify, people are told to prepare for blackouts.</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-ars-technica">From Ars Technica</h1>
<ul>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Google Play apps with &gt;20M downloads depleted batteries and network bandwidth</strong> - Google removes 16 apps after receiving a report the apps were committing ad fraud. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1891835">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Everything we know about the White House’s IoT security labeling effort</strong> - Featuring the Solarium Commission, Carnegie Mellon, and a Singapore conference. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1891741">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Part of lost star catalog of Hipparchus found lurking under medieval codex</strong> - Multispectral imaging revealed hidden original text on <em>Codex Climaci Rescriptus</em>. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1891498">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Rare tropical fungus randomly blooms in the palm of a US teen’s hand</strong> - The alarming fungal growth looks a lot like cancer but is harmless and easy to treat. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1891801">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>US court rules, once again, that AI software can’t be listed as inventor on a patent</strong> - Stephen Thaler’s quest for legal recognition of AI authorship hits another roadblock. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1891654">link</a></p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-jokes-subreddit">From Jokes Subreddit</h1>
<ul>
<li><strong>Joke from my 8 year old daughter for Halloween.</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF -->
<div class="md">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Why didn’t the ghost like to take showers?
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Because it would dampen his spirits.
</p>
</div>
<!-- SC_ON -->
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/IlovemyOtter"> /u/IlovemyOtter </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/y9ofec/joke_from_my_8_year_old_daughter_for_halloween/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/y9ofec/joke_from_my_8_year_old_daughter_for_halloween/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
<li><strong>A dentist goes out and buys the best car on the market, a brand new Bugatti Chiron</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF -->
<div class="md">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
It is also the most expensive car in the world, and it costs him $1.5M. He takes it out for a spin and stops at a red light.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
An old man on a moped, looking about 90 years old, pulls up next to him.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
The old man looks over at the sleek shiny car and asks, “What kind of car ya got there, sonny?”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
The dentist replies, “A Bugatti Chiron. It cost one and a half a million dollars!”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
“That’s a lot of money,” says the old man. “Why does it cost so much?”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
“Because this car can do up to 250 miles an hour!” states the dentist proudly.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
The moped driver asks, “Mind if I take a look inside?”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
“No problem,” replies the dentist.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
So the old man pokes his head in the window and looks around.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Then, sitting back on his moped, the old man says, “That’s a pretty nice car, all right, but I’ll stick with my moped!”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Just then the light changes, so the dentist decides to show the old man just what his car can do.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
He floors it, and within 30 seconds, the speedometer reads 150 mph.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Suddenly, he notices a dot in his rear view mirror – what it could be…and suddenly…
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
WHHHOOOOOOSSSSSHHH!
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Something whips by him going much faster!
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
“What on earth could be going faster than my Bugatti?” the dentist asks himself.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
He floors the accelerator and takes the Bugatti up to 175 mph.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Then, up ahead of him, he sees that it’s the old man on the moped!
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Amazed that the moped could pass his Bugatti, he gives it more gas and passes the moped at 210 mph.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
WHOOOOOOOSHHHHH!
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
He’s feeling pretty good until he looks in his mirror and sees the old man gaining on him AGAIN!
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Astounded by the speed of his old guy, he floors the gas pedal and takes the Bugatti all the way up to 250 mph.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Not ten seconds later, he sees the moped bearing down on him again!
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
The Bugatti is flat out, and there’s nothing he can do!
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Suddenly, the moped plows into the back of his Bugatti, demolishing the rear end.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
The dentist stops and jumps out and , unbelievably, the old man is still alive.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
He runs up to the mangled old man and says, “Oh my gosh! Is there anything I can do for you?”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
The old man whispers, “Unhook my suspenders from your side mirror.”
</p>
</div>
<!-- SC_ON -->
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/Redbull_leipzig"> /u/Redbull_leipzig </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/y97yoi/a_dentist_goes_out_and_buys_the_best_car_on_the/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/y97yoi/a_dentist_goes_out_and_buys_the_best_car_on_the/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
<li><strong>My grandpa told his grandson “all you kids do nowadays is play video games”</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF -->
<div class="md">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
“When I was your age”, he continued, “my buddies and I went to Paris; we went to the Moulin Rouge and I fucked a dancer on stage, we didn’t pay for our drinks all night and when the bartender complained we pissed on him”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
The grandson thinks his grandfather is right. He goes to Paris and the Moulin Rouge with his friends. He comes back three days later with a broken arm and covered in bruises.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
The grandfather asks “What the hell happened to you?”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
The grandson says “I did just like you did. I went to the Moulin Rouge with my friends; I tried to fuck a dancer on stage and piss on the bartender - but they beat the shit out of me and stole all the cash in my wallet!”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
The grandfather asks “Well who the hell did you go with boy?”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
The grandson says “My friends from school, who did you go with?”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
The grandfather says “Well… the 2nd SS Panzer Division”
</p>
</div>
<!-- SC_ON -->
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/theelement92bomb"> /u/theelement92bomb </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/y9gavv/my_grandpa_told_his_grandson_all_you_kids_do/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/y9gavv/my_grandpa_told_his_grandson_all_you_kids_do/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
<li><strong>King Charles has a realistic chance of breaking one of Queen Elizabeths most famous records:</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF -->
<div class="md">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
The record number of 15 prime ministers during her reign.
</p>
</div>
<!-- SC_ON -->
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/gerphys"> /u/gerphys </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/y9nc05/king_charles_has_a_realistic_chance_of_breaking/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/y9nc05/king_charles_has_a_realistic_chance_of_breaking/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
<li><strong>A life-long atheist dies and is surprised to find himself before the Pearly Gates.</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF -->
<div class="md">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
St. Peter sadly shakes his head and tells him that because of his non-belief, he must be sent to Hell. The Devil greets him there and shows him where he will now spend eternity, a lovely cozy cottage set on a beautiful hillside where the sweet smell of flowers fills the air. The Devil tells him he will want for nothing and to feel free to walk the grounds. One day, while he is out strolling through the idyllic gardens, he comes across a tall wall. Curious, he climbs one of the many trees and peering over the wall, is shocked to see a fire-filled field with people writhing in agony and screaming hopelessly. He is very disturbed by this sight and returns home. The next day, the Devil pays him a visit and asks how he is enjoying eternity. The atheist says he finds Hell to be a lovely place but is concerned about the things he saw on the other side of the wall. “Oh” the Devil says, “those are Christian sinners” “But why” the man asks, “are they suffering so much while I, who didn’t believe in God at all, am here in such comfort?” “I don’t know” the Devil replies shrugging," that’s the way they want it."
</p>
</div>
<!-- SC_ON -->
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/ancient_mariner63"> /u/ancient_mariner63 </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/y9etd0/a_lifelong_atheist_dies_and_is_surprised_to_find/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/y9etd0/a_lifelong_atheist_dies_and_is_surprised_to_find/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
</ul>
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