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<title>27 December, 2021</title>
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<h1 data-aos="fade-down" id="covid-19-sentry">Covid-19 Sentry</h1>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" data-aos-anchor-placement="top-bottom" id="contents">Contents</h1>
<ul>
<li><a href="#from-preprints">From Preprints</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-clinical-trials">From Clinical Trials</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-pubmed">From PubMed</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-patent-search">From Patent Search</a></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-preprints">From Preprints</h1>
<ul>
<li><strong>Rapid selection of P323L in the SARS-CoV-2 polymerase (NSP12) in humans and non-human primate models and confers a large plaque phenotype</strong> -
<div>
The mutational landscape of SARS-CoV-2 varies at both the dominant viral genome sequence and minor genomic variant population. An early change associated with transmissibility was the D614G substitution in the spike protein. This appeared to be accompanied by a P323L substitution in the viral polymerase (NSP12), but this latter change was not under strong selective pressure. Investigation of P323L/D614G changes in the human population showed rapid emergence during the containment phase and early surge phase of wave 1 in the UK. This rapid substitution was from minor genomic variants to become part of the dominant viral genome sequence. A rapid emergence of 323L but not 614G was observed in a non- human primate model of COVID-19 using a starting virus with P323 and D614 in the dominant genome sequence and 323L and 614G in the minor variant population. In cell culture, a recombinant virus with 323L in NSP12 had a larger plaque size than the same recombinant virus with P323. These data suggest that it may be possible to predict the emergence of a new variant based on tracking the distribution and frequency of minor variant genomes at a population level, rather than just focusing on providing information on the dominant viral genome sequence e.g., consensus level reporting. The ability to predict an emerging variant of SARS-CoV-2 in the global landscape may aid in the evaluation of medical countermeasures and non-pharmaceutical interventions.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.23.474030v1" target="_blank">Rapid selection of P323L in the SARS-CoV-2 polymerase (NSP12) in humans and non-human primate models and confers a large plaque phenotype</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Repurposing BCG Vaccine to Protect my Parents, Children, and my Family against COVID-19: A Real-life Experience.</strong> -
<div>
A first global family report, how a physician &amp; scientist safely and effectively repurposed the very safe, very old, very economic live attenuated BCG vaccine to protect against COVID-19 complications for immunocompetent children, adults and geriatric participants.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://osf.io/z2qw6/" target="_blank">Repurposing BCG Vaccine to Protect my Parents, Children, and my Family against COVID-19: A Real-life Experience.</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Impacts of the COVID-19 Pandemic on a Human Research Islet Program</strong> -
<div>
Designated a pandemic in March 2020, the spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome virus 2 (SARS-CoV2), the virus responsible for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), led to new guidelines and restrictions being implemented for individuals, businesses, and societies in efforts to limit the impacts of COVID-19 on personal health and healthcare systems. Here we report the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on pancreas processing and islet isolation/distribution outcomes at the Alberta Diabetes Institute IsletCore, a facility specialising in the processing and distribution of human pancreatic islets for research. While the number of organs processed was significantly reduced, organ quality and the function of cellular outputs were minimally impacted during the pandemic when compared to an equivalent period immediately prior. Despite the maintained quality of isolated islets, recipient groups reported poorer feedback regarding the samples. Our findings suggest this is likely due to disrupted distribution which led to increased transit times to recipient labs, particularly those overseas. Thus, to improve overall outcomes in a climate of limited research islet supply, prioritization of tissue recipients based on likely tissue transit times may be needed.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.24.474114v1" target="_blank">Impacts of the COVID-19 Pandemic on a Human Research Islet Program</a>
</div></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>The Impact of Covid-19 on the Mental Wellbeing of Youth Around the World: A Statistical Analysis</strong> -
<div>
Last year, COVID-19, a respiratory disease caused by the virus SARS-CoV-2, managed to infect more than 200 million humans, cause almost 5 million deaths, and establish itself as a prevailing matter in all facts of life (Worldometer, Coronavirus cases). While the medical details of COVID-19 have seen extensive research, relatively less attention has been paid to its mental health effects, especially in the context of children and adolescents. Our aim in this report is to discuss and analyze the various results of previous studies in this field and conduct our own analyses to bring forth new conclusions. The creation of this report was overseen by the World Health Organization’s EPI-WIN Team.
</div></li>
</ul>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://osf.io/preprints/socarxiv/rbu2x/" target="_blank">The Impact of Covid-19 on the Mental Wellbeing of Youth Around the World: A Statistical Analysis</a>
</div>
<ul>
<li><strong>Bridging the Digital Divide in the Changing Times: Application of A5 Solutions</strong> -
<div>
Disasters, either natural and man-made, adversely affect humanity including human lives and, the knowledge creation, as a standard of the progress of civilization. The development of education of a country depends upon the present economics, academic structure, research facilities, health issues and involvement of government ministry. The outbreak of present pandemic Coronavirus (official designation COVID-19 or 2019-nCov) has a clear negative impact on academic and research activities. It creates a global threat and people keep themselves at home to maintain social distancing for reducing the outbreak of community transmission. This COVID-19 epidemic is neither the first and confidently nor the last epidemic that will pose a threat to the conventional education system. Both the effects of education i.e. direct and indirect effects are a subject risk to such pandemic and other disaster vulnerability. Instead, efforts should be made to find measures which can ensure the continuation of the education system for posterity. This requirement of an alternate way of learning proves us for the transformation of the learning process from conventional to digital. The primary requirement of this transformation is the availability of a sophisticated and multitasking platform for online learning, which conforms A5 solutions. This A5 implies the 5A’s of access, i.e.  Availability, Adequacy, Accessibility, Affordability and Appropriateness; which bridges the digital divide by ensuring the equal access of web for all. In this paper, the authors have discussed the tool FCC (Free Conference Call), after evaluation and comparison which can use by learners and educators as an alternative solution of the physical classroom. This is a dissemination or sharing platform and most versatile and comprehensive free web-conferencing solution which can be used by academic institutions and educators for online classes. In addition, this paper also go through the comparative study of FCC and other known web conferencing tools to clarify the judgement of its acceptance.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://osf.io/preprints/socarxiv/3yb9d/" target="_blank">Bridging the Digital Divide in the Changing Times: Application of A5 Solutions</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Effect of OTR4120 on pulmonary fibrosis in mice</strong> -
<div>
Background: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) can be related to airway remodeling caused by pulmonary fibrosis and systemic inflammation. Etiologies of ARDS are multifaceted such as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis or as recently the SARS-CoV-2 infection. Antifibrotic drugs may be a better approach to slow the fibrotic process but they often have poor efficacy in patients, and the mortality rate remains high, up to 40% within 5 years of diagnosis. Here, we tested the antifibrotic effect of a ReGeneTaring Agents named OTR4120 in a bleomycin-induced mouse model of pulmonary fibrosis. Methods: Swiss mice were randomly divided into four experimental groups: saline-treated control group, an OTR4120 group, a bleomycin-induced fibrosis group without OTR4120, and a bleomycin-induced fibrosis groups with OTR4120 (intravenous injections every 3 days starting at day 11 post bleomycin I.P. injection). Lungs were compared using the lung/body weight index, and the extend of interstitial injury area was graded using histopathological assessment of haematoxylin &amp; eosin-stained lung tissue sections. Lung tissue Collagen I and Collagen III levels, and blood cytokine levels were measured using a Collagen colorimetric kit and a Cytokine colorimetric kit, respectively. Results: The group treated by OTR4120 alone were used as a control. The clincal signs in all animals resoved gradually on day 17 after bleomycin injections and 6 days after OTR4120 treatment, and disappeared almost completetly at day 24 after bleomycin injections and day 13 after OTR4120 treatment. Lung/body weight index values were significantly lower in the bleomycin-OTR4120 treated group versus the bleomycin group (7.31, 9.97 and 7.63 mg/g, p-value&lt; 0.01; respectively). Histopathological analyses suggest that OTR4120 treatment ameliorated the increased inflammatory cell infiltration, and attenuated the reduction in interstitial thickening, associated with bleomycin-induced fibrosis. Collagen III and cytokine levels were decreased in the OTR4120 group versus the fibrotic (bleomycin only) group. OTR4120-treated animals were less affected in their behavior, did not loose weight nor appetite, and recovered overall activities within 6 days of OTR4120 treatment, while none of the vehicle-treated animals recovered to normal. Conclusion: OTR4120 is a potential candidate to reduce lung fibrosis.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.24.465650v2" target="_blank">Effect of OTR4120 on pulmonary fibrosis in mice</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Scrutiny of human lung infection by SARS-CoV-2 and associated human immune responses in humanized mice</strong> -
<div>
There is an urgent need for animal models of COVID-19 to study immunopathogenesis and test therapeutic intervenes. In this study we showed that NSG mice engrafted with human lung (HL) tissue (NSG-L mice) could be infected efficiently by SARS-CoV-2, and that live virus capable of infecting Vero cells was found in the HL grafts and multiple organs from infected NSG-L mice. RNA-seq examination identified a series of differentially expressed genes, which are enriched in viral defense responses, chemotaxis, interferon stimulation, and pulmonary fibrosis between HL grafts from infected and control NSG-L mice. Furthermore, when infecting humanized mice with human immune system (HIS) and autologous HL grafts (HISL mice), the mice had bodyweight loss and hemorrhage and immune cell infiltration in HL grafts, which were not observed in immunodeficient NSG-L mice, indicating the development of anti-viral immune responses in these mice. In support of this possibility, the infected HISL mice showed bodyweight recovery and lack of detectable live virus at the later time. These results demonstrate that NSG-L and HISL mice are susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection, offering a useful in vivo model for studying SARS-CoV-2 infection and the associated immune response and immunopathology, and testing anti-SARS-CoV-2 therapies.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.11.05.466755v2" target="_blank">Scrutiny of human lung infection by SARS-CoV-2 and associated human immune responses in humanized mice</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Protein scaffold-based multimerization of soluble ACE2 efficiently blocks SARS-CoV-2 infection in vitro and in vivo</strong> -
<div>
Soluble ACE2 (sACE2) decoy receptors are promising agents to inhibit SARS-CoV-2, as their efficiency is less likely to be affected by common escape mutations in viral proteins. However, their success may be limited by their relatively poor potency. To address this challenge, we developed a large decoy library of sACE2 fusion proteins, generated with several protease inhibitors or multimerization tags. Among these decoys, multimeric sACE2 consisting of SunTag or MoonTag systems, which were originally utilized for signal amplification or gene activation systems, were extremely effective in neutralizing SARS-CoV-2 in pseudoviral systems and in clinical isolates. These novel sACE2 fusion proteins exhibited greater than 100-fold SARS-CoV-2 neutralization efficiency, compared to monomeric sACE2. SunTag or MoonTag in combination with a more potent version of sACE2, which has multiple point mutations for greater binding (v1), achieved near complete neutralization at a sub-nanomolar range, comparable with clinical monoclonal antibodies. Pseudoviruses bearing mutant versions of Spike, alpha, beta, gamma or delta variants, were also neutralized efficiently with SunTag or MoonTag fused sACE2(v1). Finally, therapeutic treatment of sACE2(v1)-MoonTag provided protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection in an in vivo mouse model. Overall, we suggest that the superior activity of the sACE2-SunTag or sACE2-MoonTag fusions is due to the greater occupancy of the multimeric sACE2 receptors on Spike protein as compared to monomeric sACE2. Therefore, these highly potent multimeric sACE2 decoy receptors may offer a promising treatment approach against SARS-CoV-2 infections.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.04.425128v2" target="_blank">Protein scaffold-based multimerization of soluble ACE2 efficiently blocks SARS-CoV-2 infection in vitro and in vivo</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Influence of COVID-19 Pandemic in Students’ Distribution of Time in Distant Learning</strong> -
<div>
Statistical analysis offers unprecedented opportunities to identify learning strategies. This fact has been boosted in the COVID-19 pandemic because of the data obtained in distant learning scenarios due to the confinement. This article deals with the identification of students’ strategies in different distant learning scenarios such as working autonomously as a support for face-to-face classes or learning autonomously in COVID-19 confinement. We have measured the influence of parameters such as the time they spent in self-evaluation, the scores obtained through this process and the distribution of time when studying autonomously. We have only detected significant results that guide to a better learning strategy when we include time parameters, such as the time between studying sessions or the time between students’ first session and their final exam. We demonstrate that students that started to study earlier and more dispersed get better success ratio (not necessarily better scores) than those that started later and do it more concentrate. The findings from this study suggest that the same amount of time spent in autonomous learning optimizes its effectiveness when it is extended in time. This learning strategy was found more often in COVID-19 confinement, where students were forced to stay at home.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://edarxiv.org/zqfcw/" target="_blank">Influence of COVID-19 Pandemic in Students’ Distribution of Time in Distant Learning</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Book Review: Communication and Media in the COVID-19 Maelstorm (Critics, Challenges, and Solution)</strong> -
<div>
This article is a review of the book “Communication and Media in the COVID-19 Malestorm”. Communication and media have been in the spotlight since the emergence of COVID-19 which has changed many aspects of the way we communicate. Communication and media in COVID-19 have caused problems that have an impact on changing people’s behavior patterns. In this situation, public opinion is divided and some of it leads to the untruth dissemination of information to the level of extreme. The research method used in this article is descriptive. Descriptive method is a method of data analysis in the form of describing the collected data. The results of this study show that some of the existence of COVID-19 makes communication and media mazy. However, this can be solved with education on communication and media, especially digital media.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://osf.io/tfdyz/" target="_blank">Book Review: Communication and Media in the COVID-19 Maelstorm (Critics, Challenges, and Solution)</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>A subset of Memory B-derived antibody repertoire from 3-dose vaccinees is ultrapotent against diverse and highly transmissible SARS-CoV-2 variants, including Omicron</strong> -
<div>
Omicron, the most heavily mutated SARS-CoV-2 variant so far, is highly resistant to neutralizing antibodies, raising unprecedented concerns about the effectiveness of antibody therapies and vaccines. We examined whether sera from individuals who received two or three doses of inactivated vaccine, could neutralize authentic Omicron. The seroconversion rates of neutralizing antibodies were 3.3% (2/60) and 95% (57/60) for 2- and 3-dose vaccinees, respectively. For three-dose recipients, the geometric mean neutralization antibody titer (GMT) of Omicron was 15, 16.5-fold lower than that of the ancestral virus (254). We isolated 323 human monoclonal antibodies derived from memory B cells in 3-dose vaccinees, half of which recognize the receptor binding domain (RBD) and show that a subset of them (24/163) neutralize all SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs), including Omicron, potently. Therapeutic treatments with representative broadly neutralizing mAbs individually or antibody cocktails were highly protective against SARS-CoV-2 Beta infection in mice. Atomic structures of the Omicron S in complex with three types of all five VOC-reactive antibodies defined the binding and neutralizing determinants and revealed a key antibody escape site, G446S, that confers greater resistance to one major class of antibodies bound at the right shoulder of RBD through altering local conformation at the binding interface. Our results rationalize the use of 3-dose immunization regimens and suggest that the fundamental epitopes revealed by these broadly ultrapotent antibodies are a rational target for a universal sarbecovirus vaccine.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.24.474084v1" target="_blank">A subset of Memory B-derived antibody repertoire from 3-dose vaccinees is ultrapotent against diverse and highly transmissible SARS-CoV-2 variants, including Omicron</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Convalescence from prototype SARS-CoV-2 protects Syrian hamsters from disease caused by the Omicron variant</strong> -
<div>
The mutation profile of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant poses a concern for naturally acquired and vaccine-induced immunity. We investigated the ability of prior infection with an early SARS-CoV-2, 99.99% identical to Wuhan-Hu-1, to protect against disease caused by the Omicron variant. We established that infection with Omicron in naive Syrian hamsters resulted in a less severe disease than a comparable dose of prototype SARS-CoV-2 (Australia/VIC01/2020), with fewer clinical signs and less weight loss. We present data to show that these clinical observations were almost absent in convalescent hamsters challenged with the same dose of Omicron 50 days after an initial infection with Australia/VIC01/2020. The data provide evidence for immunity raised against prototype SARS-CoV-2 being protective against Omicron in the Syrian hamster model. Further investigation is required to conclusively determine whether Omicron is less pathogenic in Syrian hamsters and whether this is predictive of pathogenicity in humans.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.24.474081v1" target="_blank">Convalescence from prototype SARS- CoV-2 protects Syrian hamsters from disease caused by the Omicron variant</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>The omicron (B.1.1.529) SARS-CoV-2 variant of concern does not readily infect Syrian hamsters</strong> -
<div>
The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VoCs) has exacerbated the COVID-19 pandemic. End of November 2021, a new SARS-CoV-2 variant namely the omicron (B.1.1.529) emerged. Since this omicron variant is heavily mutated in the spike protein, WHO classified this variant as the 5th variant of concern (VoC). We previously demonstrated that the other SARS-CoV-2 VoCs replicate efficiently in Syrian hamsters, alike also the ancestral strains. We here wanted to explore the infectivity of the omicron variant in comparison to the ancestral D614G strain. Strikingly, in hamsters that had been infected with the omicron variant, a 3 log10 lower viral RNA load was detected in the lungs as compared to animals infected with D614G and no infectious virus was detectable in this organ. Moreover, histopathological examination of the lungs from omicron-infecetd hamsters revealed no signs of peri-bronchial inflammation or bronchopneumonia. Further experiments are needed to determine whether the omicron VoC replicates possibly more efficiently in the upper respiratory tract of hamsters than in their lungs.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html- link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.24.474086v1" target="_blank">The omicron (B.1.1.529) SARS-CoV-2 variant of concern does not readily infect Syrian hamsters</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Two doses of mRNA vaccine elicit cross-neutralizing memory B-cells against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant</strong> -
<div>
SARS-CoV-2 Beta and Omicron variants have multiple mutations in the receptor-binding domain (RBD) allowing antibody evasion. Despite the resistance to circulating antibodies in those who received two doses of mRNA vaccine, the third dose prominently recalls cross-neutralizing antibodies with expanded breadth to these variants. Herein, we longitudinally profiled the cellular composition of persistent memory B-cell subsets and their antibody reactivity against these variants following the second vaccine dose. The vaccination elicited a memory B-cell subset with resting phenotype that dominated the other subsets at 4.9 months. Notably, most of the resting memory subset retained the ability to bind the Beta variant, and the memory-derived antibodies cross-neutralized the Beta and Omicron variants at frequencies of 59% and 29%, respectively. The preservation of cross-neutralizing antibody repertoires in the durable memory B-cell subset likely contributes to the prominent recall of cross-neutralizing antibodies following the third dose of the vaccine.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.24.474091v1" target="_blank">Two doses of mRNA vaccine elicit cross-neutralizing memory B-cells against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Are COVID-19 data reliable? The case of the European Union</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Previous studies have used Benford9s distribution to assess whether there is misreporting of COVID-19 cases and deaths. Data inaccuracies provide false information to the media, undermine global response and hinder the preventive measures taken by countries worldwide. In this study, we analyze daily new cases and deaths from all the countries of the European Union and estimate the conformance to Benford9s distribution. For each country, two statistical tests and two measures of deviations are calculated to determine whether the reported statistics comply with the expected distribution. Four country-level developmental indexes are also included, the GDP per capita, health expenditures, the Universal Health Coverage index, and full vaccination rate. Regression analysis is implemented to show whether the deviation from Benford9s distribution is affected by the aforementioned indexes. The findings indicate that only three countries were in line with the expected distribution, Bulgaria, Croatia, and Romania. For daily cases, Denmark, Greece, and Ireland, showed the greatest deviation from Benford9s distribution, and for deaths, Malta, Cyprus, Greece, Italy, and Luxemburg had the highest deviation from Benford9s law. Furthermore, it was found that the vaccination rate is positively associated with deviation from Benford9s distribution. These results suggest that overall official data provided by authorities are not confirming Benford9s law, yet this approach acts as a preliminary tool for data verification. More extensive studies should be made with a more thorough investigation of countries that showed the greatest deviation.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.24.21268373v2" target="_blank">Are COVID-19 data reliable? The case of the European Union</a>
</div></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-clinical-trials">From Clinical Trials</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A Double-blind Randomized Controlled Trial of Ivermectin With Favipiravir in Mild-to-moderate COVID-19 Patients</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Drug: Ivermectin Tablets;   Other: Placebo<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   Mahidol University;   Prince of Songkla University<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Trial to Evaluate Nitazoxanide for Treatment of Mild COVID-19 in Subjects Not at High Risk of Severe Illness</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Drug: Nitazoxanide;   Drug: Placebo;   Dietary Supplement: Vitamin Super-B Complex<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Romark Laboratories L.C.<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Trial to Evaluate Nitazoxanide for Treatment of Mild or Moderate COVID-19 in Subjects at High Risk of Severe Illness</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Drug: Nitazoxanide;   Dietary Supplement: Vitamin Super-B Complex;   Drug: Placebo;   Other: Standard of Care<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:  <br/>
Romark Laboratories L.C.<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A Safety, Tolerability, and Efficacy Study of IBI314 in Ambulatory Patients With COVID-19</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Biological: IBI314;   Other: Placebo<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Innovent Biologics (Suzhou) Co. Ltd.<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Clinical Trial for Oral Formula of Vanillin and Wheat Germ Oil for Treatment of Mild and Moderate COVID-19 Viral Disease</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   Mild-to-moderate COVID-19<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Drug: Oral Capsule<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:  <br/>
Alexandria University;   Assoc. Prof. Ayman Baeis;   Dr. Noha Alaa Eldine Hassan Hamdy;   Ph. Hanya Hesham Sweilam<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Adrecizumab (HAM8101) to Improve Prognosis and Outcomes in COVID-19 Trial</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Biological: Adrecizumab (HAM 8101);   Drug: Placebo<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A Study Evaluating Tocilizumab in Pediatric Patients Hospitalized With COVID-19</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Drug: Tocilizumab<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Hoffmann- La Roche<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Safety, Tolerability, and Treatment Effect of Belnacasan in Patients With COVID-19</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Drug: Belnacasan;   Drug: Placebo<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:  <br/>
MedStar Health<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A Study to Evaluate Efficacy and Safety of the Combination of SCTA01 &amp; SCTA01C in Outpatients With COVID-19</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Drug: SCTA01 and SCTA01C;   Drug: Placebo<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Sinocelltech Ltd.<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Efficacy,Immunogenicity and Safety of COVID-19 Vaccine , Inactivated Booster Dose in Adults Aged 18 Years and Above</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Biological: Medium-dosage COVID-19 Vaccine,Inactivated;   Biological: High-dosage COVID-19 Vaccine,Inactivated;   Biological: Placebo-comparator group<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:  <br/>
Sinovac Research and Development Co., Ltd.<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Safety and Immunogenicity Study of Booster Vaccination in Different Doses of COVID-19 Vaccine (Vero Cell),Inactivated for Prevention of COVID-19</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Biological: High-dosage of COVID-19 vaccine (Vero cell), Inactivated;   Biological: Medium-dose COVID-19 Vaccine(Vero Cell),Inactivated<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:  <br/>
Sinovac Research and Development Co., Ltd.<br/><b>Active, not recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Safety and Immunogenicity Study of Booster Vaccination With COVID-19 Vaccine (Vero Cell),Inactivated From Different Manufactures for Prevention of COVID-19</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Biological: Experimental vaccine 1;   Biological: Experimental vaccine 2;   Biological: Experimental vaccine 3<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:  <br/>
Sinovac Research and Development Co., Ltd.<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Combination Assessment Trial of COVID-19 Vaccines (COMBAT-COVID)</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID 19 Vaccine<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Biological: BIBP (CNBG, Sinopharm) WIV;   Biological: CanSinoBIO;   Biological: AstraZeneca ChAdOx<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:  <br/>
Aga Khan University Hospital, Pakistan;   Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations;   University of Oxford;   International Vaccine Institute;   Harvard Medical School (HMS and HSDM);   Chughtai Lab;   National Institute of Health, Pakistan<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Transplantation of Deceased Donors With COVID-19 Into COVID-19 Negative Recipients Utilizing Casirivimab and Imdevimab Antibody Cocktail</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>:   COVID-19;   Organ Transplant<br/><b>Intervention</b>:  <br/>
Drug: Casirivimab and Imdevimab Antibody Cocktail<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   Northwell Health;   Regeneron Pharmaceuticals<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Use of Low-frequency Magnetic Fields in the Hybrid Treatment of COVID-19 Patients</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>:   COVID-19;   COVID-19 Respiratory Infection;   COVID-19 Pneumonia<br/><b>Intervention</b>:  <br/>
Other: magnetostimulation<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Medical University of Lodz<br/><b>Active, not recruiting</b></p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-pubmed">From PubMed</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Efficient incorporation and template-dependent polymerase inhibition are major determinants for the broad-spectrum antiviral activity of remdesivir</strong> - Remdesivir (RDV) is a direct-acting antiviral agent that is approved in several countries for the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). RDV exhibits broad-spectrum antiviral activity against positive-sense RNA viruses, e.g., SARS-CoV-2 and hepatitis C virus (HCV), and non-segmented negative-sense RNA viruses, e.g., Nipah virus (NiV), while segmented negative-sense RNA viruses such as influenza (Flu) virus or…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>mTOR kinase is a therapeutic target for respiratory syncytial virus and coronaviruses</strong> - Therapeutic interventions targeting viral infections remain a significant challenge for both the medical and scientific communities. While specific antiviral agents have shown success as therapeutics, viral resistance inevitably develops, making many of these approaches ineffective. This inescapable obstacle warrants alternative approaches, such as the targeting of host cellular factors. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), the major respiratory pathogen of infants and children worldwide, causes…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Adsorption of benzalkonium chlorides onto polyethylene microplastics: Mechanism and toxicity evaluation</strong> - Usage of disposable plastic products and disinfectants has been skyrocketing due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The random disposal of plastic products may result in greater microplastic pollution. Benzalkonium chloride is known as one of the most common ingredients of disinfectants. In this study, the adsorption behavior of benzalkonium chlorides (BAC(12), BAC(14), BAC(16)) on polyethylene microplastics (PE-MPs) and the combined toxic effects were investigated using batch adsorption experiment and…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>The JAK inhibitor ruxolitinib abrogates immune hepatitis instigated by concanavalin A in mice</strong> - Therapeutics that impair the innate immune responses of the liver during the inflammatory cytokine storm like that occurring in COVID-19 are greatly needed. Much interest is currently directed toward Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors as potential candidates to mitigate this life-threatening complication. Accordingly, this study investigated the influence of the novel JAK inhibitor ruxolitinib (RXB) on concanavalin A (Con A)-induced hepatitis and systemic hyperinflammation in mice to simulate the…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies inhibit seropositive response to Covid-19 vaccination in Non-Hodgkin lymphoma patients within six months after treatment</strong> - The Covid-19 pandemic caused millions of death worldwide. Vaccines have been developed but patients on immunosuppressive therapy are less likely to respond. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of Covid-19 vaccine (Pfizer-BioNTech) in patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma, treated with anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies. Only one of 28 lymphoma patients (3.6%) developed a seropositive response compared to 100% (28 of 28) of the healthy volunteers. The low levels of CD19+ lymphocytes among the…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant shows less efficient replication and fusion activity when compared with delta variant in TMPRSS2-expressed cells</strong> - The novel SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant (B.1.1.529), first found in early November 2021, has sparked considerable global concern and it has &gt;50 mutations, many of which are known to affect transmissibility or cause immune escape. In this study, we sought to investigate the virological characteristics of Omicron variant and compared it with the Delta variant which has dominated the world since mid-2021. Omicron variant replicated more slowly than the Delta variant in transmembrane serine protease 2…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Membrane (M) and Spike (S) Proteins Antagonize Host Type I Interferon Response</strong> - Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has spread worldwide and has infected more than 250 million people. A typical feature of COVID-19 is the lack of type I interferon (IFN-I)-mediated antiviral immunity in patients. However, the detailed molecular mechanisms by which SARS-CoV-2 evades the IFN-I-mediated antiviral response remain elusive. Here, we performed a comprehensive screening and identified a set of SARS-CoV-2…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Impairment of T cells’ antiviral and anti-inflammation immunities may be critical to death from COVID-19</strong> - Clarifying dominant factors determining the immune heterogeneity from non-survivors to survivors is crucial for developing therapeutics and vaccines against COVID-19. The main difficulty is quantitatively analysing the multi-level clinical data, including viral dynamics, immune response and tissue damages. Here, we adopt a top-down modelling approach to quantify key functional aspects and their dynamical interplay in the battle between the virus and the immune system, yielding an accurate…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Mechanism of Blood-Heart-Barrier Leakage: Implications for COVID-19 Induced Cardiovascular Injury</strong> - Although blood-heart-barrier (BHB) leakage is the hallmark of congestive (cardio-pulmonary) heart failure (CHF), the primary cause of death in elderly, and during viral myocarditis resulting from the novel coronavirus variants such as the severe acute respiratory syndrome novel corona virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) known as COVID-19, the mechanism is unclear. The goal of this project is to determine the mechanism of the BHB in CHF. Endocardial endothelium (EE) is the BHB against leakage of blood from…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Polyethylene Films Containing Plant Extracts in the Polymer Matrix as Antibacterial and Antiviral Materials</strong> - Low density polyethylene (LDPE) films covered with active coatings containing mixtures of rosemary, raspberry, and pomegranate CO(2) extracts were found to be active against selected bacterial strains that may extend the shelf life of food products. The coatings also offer antiviral activity, due to their influence on the activity of Φ6 bacteriophage, selected as a surrogate for SARS-CoV-2 particles. The mixture of these extracts could be incorporated into a polymer matrix to obtain a foil with…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Iota-Carrageenan Inhibits Replication of SARS-CoV-2 and the Respective Variants of Concern Alpha, Beta, Gamma and Delta</strong> - The COVID-19 pandemic continues to spread around the world and remains a major public health threat. Vaccine inefficiency, vaccination breakthroughs and lack of supply, especially in developing countries, as well as the fact that a non-negligible part of the population either refuse vaccination or cannot be vaccinated due to age, pre-existing illness or non-response to existing vaccines intensify this issue. This might also contribute to the emergence of new variants, being more efficiently…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Coronavirus Infection-Associated Cell Death Signaling and Potential Therapeutic Targets</strong> - COVID-19 is the name of the disease caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection that occurred in 2019. The virus-host-specific interactions, molecular targets on host cell deaths, and the involved signaling are crucial issues, which become potential targets for treatment. Spike protein, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), cathepsin L-cysteine peptidase, transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2), nonstructural protein 1 (Nsp1), open reading frame 7a…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Polyphenols as Potential Inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 RNA Dependent RNA Polymerase (RdRp)</strong> - An increasing number of studies have demonstrated the antiviral nature of polyphenols, and many polyphenols have been proposed to inhibit SARS-CoV or SARS-CoV-2. Our previous study revealed the inhibitory mechanisms of polyphenols against DNA polymerase α and HIV reverse transcriptase to show that polyphenols can block DNA elongation by competing with the incoming NTPs. Here we applied computational approaches to examine if some polyphenols can also inhibit RNA polymerase (RdRp) in SARS-CoV-2,…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Hydroxyzine Use and Mortality in Patients Hospitalized for COVID-19: A Multicenter Observational Study</strong> - (1) Background: Based on its antiviral activity, anti-inflammatory properties, and functional inhibition effects on the acid sphingomyelinase/ceramide system (FIASMA), we sought to examine the potential usefulness of the H1 antihistamine hydroxyzine in patients hospitalized for COVID-19. (2) Methods: In a multicenter observational study, we included 15,103 adults hospitalized for COVID-19, of which 164 (1.1%) received hydroxyzine within the first 48 h of hospitalization, administered orally at a…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Angiotensin System Modulations in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats and Consequences on Erythrocyte Properties; Action of MLN-4760 and Zofenopril</strong> - Various pathologies (COVID-19 including) are associated with abnormalities in erythrocyte properties. Hypertension represents an unfavorable condition for erythrocyte quality and is the most prevalent risk factor in COVID-19 patients. ACE2 downregulation that is typical of these patients can further deteriorate cardiovascular health; however, its consequences on erythrocyte properties are not known yet. The aim was to investigate the effect of ACE2 inhibition and the potential beneficial effect…</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-patent-search">From Patent Search</h1>
<ul>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Hung Thanh Phan COVID-19 NEW SOLUTION</strong> - - <a href="https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=AU344983394">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>METHODS OF TREATING SARS-COV-2 INFECTION</strong> - - <a href="https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=AU344309338">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>REAL-TIME REST BREAK MANAGEMENT SYSTEM FOR WORKPLACE</strong> - The present invention relates to a real-time rest break management system for workplace that comprises of a work desk, wherein first portion is incorporated with a biometric unit 4 for authenticating first user, and a second portion with a telescopic panel 2 associated with a weight sensor 6 and timer unit 7 calculating weight of head/hand manifesting user presence and their resting time period is mounted with an inflated cushion 5, an interactive primary display unit 1 attached over desk enables user to set first/second threshold time for sleeping/taking break, further linked with a tracking interface keeping track of activities and a vibrating unit crafted inside the cushion 5 which is linked to a secondary display unit 8 of second user, giving them access to actuate vibrating unit generating impulses to wake first user when threshold time period is exceeded by the first user. - <a href="https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=IN342791215">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>P2P 네트워크를 이용한 내장된 화상회의 시스템</strong> - 본 발명은 P2P 네트워크를 이용한 내장된 화상회의 시스템에 관한 것으로, 상태표시부(1), 영상송출부(2), 제어부(3), 광고부(4), 입력부(5)를 포함한다. - <a href="https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=KR342781397">link</a></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>小分子化合物肌醇六磷酸酯钠水合物在制备抗SARS-CoV-2药物中的应用</strong> - 本发明公开了小分子化合物肌醇六磷酸酯钠水合物在制备抗严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2(SARS‑CoV‑2)药物中的应用，所述抗SARS‑CoV‑2药物是以肌醇六磷酸酯钠水合物为唯一的活性成份，或包含肌醇六磷酸酯钠水合物的药物组合物，所述抗SARS‑CoV‑2药物是指预防或治疗SARS‑CoV‑2感染的药物。本发明利用SARS‑CoV‑2的易感细胞系，包括非洲绿猴肾细胞Vero</p></li>
</ul>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">E6以及人肺腺癌细胞Calu‑3，检测肌醇六磷酸酯钠水合物的抗SARS‑CoV‑2活性。实验结果显示，肌醇六磷酸酯钠水合物能有效抑制SARS‑CoV‑2对上述易感细胞的感染，且细胞毒性较小，有希望作为有效抗SARS‑CoV‑2感染的药物，具有应用前景。 - <a href="https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=CN344462859">link</a></p>
<ul>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A DOORBELL SYSTEM FOR MONITORING AND RECORDING A PHYSIOLOGICAL DATA OF A PERSON</strong> - AbstractTitle: A doorbell system for monitoring and recording a physiological data of a person The present invention provides a doorbell system 500 for monitoring and recording a physiological data of a person. The doorbell system 500 having a transmitter module 100 and a receiving module 200. The transmitter module 100 is having a TOF sensor module 110, an ultrasound detector 120, and an infrared detector 130. Further, a speech recognition system 150, a facial recognition system 160, and a temperature detector 190 are provided for recognizing speech, face, and temperature of the person by comparing pre-stored data. A controlling module 180 is set with a predefined commands for communicating with the transmitter module 100 and receiving module 200. The collected facial and speech data is compared and matched with the pre-stored data then the temperature detector 190 triggers and the door opens when the captured body temperature of the person is matched within the predefined range of temperature.Figure 1 - <a href="https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=IN340503637">link</a></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Schnelltestsystem</strong> -
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Schnelltestsystem, aufweisend: eine Testkassette (11), die ein Testfeld (111) und einen einem bestimmten Benutzer entsprechenden Identifikationsstrichcode (113) aufweist, wobei das Testfeld (111) eine Probe (115) empfängt, um eine Testreaktion (R) zu bewirken, wodurch sich ein der Testreaktion (R) entsprechendes Muster (G) ergibt; und ein tragbares elektronisches Gerät (13), das eine Bildaufnahmeeinheit (131) aufweist, wobei die Bildaufnahmeeinheit (131) das Muster</p></li>
</ul>
<ol start="7" type="A">
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">und den Identifikationsstrichcode (113) liest und anschließend an einen Server (15) sendet.</li>
</ol>
<img alt="embedded
image" id="EMI-D00000"/>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"></p>
<ul>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><a href="https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=DE345577866">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A study of contemporary trends in investing patterns, household savings, and economic investment.</strong> - Because household savings and household investments are intertwined and interdependent, they are discussed briefly in this paper. Household savings account for more than half of a country’s capital formation, which fluctuates due to a variety of economic factors such as inflation and interest rates. Households should gradually shift their savings and investments from physical assets to financial assets to avoid a sudden change in wealth. They should also save and invest using a variety of platforms. Trends in investing and saving will be easier to track and measure this way. This year’s domestic saving rate in India is 2.3 percent lower than last year’s and 1.2 percent lower than the year before. Since 2011, general domestic savings have been steadily declining, with the trend continuing into the following year. According to official data, the GDP in 2020 shrank by 23.9%, the least in previous years and the least since the Covid-19 pandemic in previous years. As a result, the information presented in this paper is drawn from and evaluated from other sources - <a href="https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=IN340502149">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>靶向刺激体液免疫和细胞免疫的新冠病毒mRNA疫苗</strong> - 本发明公开了一种靶向刺激体液免疫和细胞免疫的新冠病毒mRNA疫苗。本申请的第一方面提供一种分离的DNA分子组合，该DNA分子组合包括第一DNA分子和第二DNA分子和第三DNA分子中的至少一种。通过第一DNA分子以及第二DNA分子和/或第三DNA分子的组合，利用第一DNA分子最终合成的mRNA诱导高滴度的交叉中和抗体，利用第二DNA分子和/或第三DNA分子最终合成的mRNA诱导新冠病毒特异性的细胞毒性T淋巴细胞，从而高效地同时激活相对独立的体液免疫应答和细胞免疫应答，应对新冠病毒在流行传播过程中产生的突变毒株所引发的突破性感染。 - <a href="https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=CN343418093">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>跨膜丝氨酸蛋白酶2抑制剂在制备治疗和/或预防冠状病毒感染药物中的用途</strong> - 本发明公开了跨膜丝氨酸蛋白酶2抑制剂在制备治疗和/或预防冠状病毒感染药物中的用途。本发明通过亲和垂钓及活性导向分离获得3种化合物，证实该类化合物可以直接地与跨膜丝氨酸蛋白酶2结合，KD&lt;13μM，且能够显著抑制跨膜丝氨酸蛋白酶2的催化活性。在细胞水平上可以有效的抑制新型冠状病毒SARS‑CoV‑2假病毒入侵，表明该类化合物对于制备治疗和/或预防病毒感染药物具有非常积极的作用。化合物1 化合物2 化合物3。 - <a href="https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=CN343418164">link</a></p></li>
</ul>
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<h1 data-aos="fade-down" id="daily-dose">Daily-Dose</h1>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" data-aos-anchor-placement="top-bottom" id="contents">Contents</h1>
<ul>
<li><a href="#from-new-yorker">From New Yorker</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-vox">From Vox</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-the-hindu-sports">From The Hindu: Sports</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-the-hindu-national-news">From The Hindu: National News</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-bbc-europe">From BBC: Europe</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-ars-technica">From Ars Technica</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-jokes-subreddit">From Jokes Subreddit</a></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-new-yorker">From New Yorker</h1>
<ul>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>When Williamsburg Was on the Wrong Side of the River</strong> - The rise and fall of my Brooklyn apartment. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/culture/personal-history/when-williamsburg-was-on-the-wrong-side-of-the-river">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>What Lois Lowry Remembers</strong> - Lowry, who has lost a sister and a son, has spent decades writing about the pains of memory. For her, literature is “a way that we rehearse life.” - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/culture/the-new-yorker-interview/what-lois-lowry-remembers">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Mayfield, Before and After</strong> - What was left of a Kentucky town after the tornado? - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/culture/personal-history/mayfield-before-and-after">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Sunday Reading: Gifts of the Season</strong> - From the archive: a celebration of things given and received. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/books/double-take/sunday-reading-gifts-of-the-season">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Holiday Stories from the Archive</strong> - From the magazine’s archive: a selection of pieces about Christmas and the holiday spirit. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/books/double-take/holiday-stories-from-the-archive">link</a></p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-vox">From Vox</h1>
<ul>
<li><strong>Why so much Obama-era pop culture feels so cringe now</strong> -
<figure>
<img alt="" src="https://cdn.vox-
cdn.com/thumbor/n9hf2yyb3GCOsrO1Xsa7HbGIl00=/186x0:2319x1600/1310x983/cdn.vox-
cdn.com/uploads/chorus_image/image/70319677/hamilton.0.jpeg"/>
<figcaption>
Lin-Manuel Miranda and the cast of <em>Hamilton</em> on Disney+. | Courtesy of Disney
</figcaption>
</figure>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
How Hamilton, Parks and Recreation, and Harry Potter lost cultural cachet.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="UpnHj3">
One of the oddities of getting old is bearing witness as the pop culture you used to think would always be beyond reproach slowly slides out of favor. As millennials age into the solid middle of the culture here at the end of 2021, they’re getting to experience that disorienting slip with some of the most beloved pop culture of their youths, and most particularly the pop culture that was celebrated during the presidency of Barack Obama.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="DyJr2Y">
Sunny, wholesome, nominated-for-16-Emmys <em>Parks and Recreation</em> is now widely considered an <a href="https://wlrc.uic.edu/programs/breathing-room/leslie-knope/">overrated</a> and <a href="https://gen.medium.com/parks-and-recreation-promised-us-a-better-world-whoops-da22d2c22e9b">tunnel-visioned</a> portrait of <a href="https://www.dissentmagazine.org/article/already-great">the failures of Obama-era liberalism</a>. Iconic and beloved <em>Harry Potter</em> is the <a href="https://www.jacobinmag.com/2019/01/harry-potter-magic-
liberalism-fantasy-fetishism">neoliberal</a> <a href="https://www.currentaffairs.org/2020/07/jk-rowling-and-the-limits-
of-imagination">fantasy</a> of a <a href="https://www.vox.com/culture/21285396/jk-rowling-transphobic-backlash-harry-
potter">transphobe</a>. Perhaps most dramatic of all is the rapid fall of <a href="https://www.vox.com/culture/21305967/hamilton-debate-controversy-historical-accuracy-
explained"><em>Hamilton</em></a> and its creator and star, Lin-Manuel Miranda, whose reputation is now one of embarrassing earnestness.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="sIC5YU">
<em>Gossip Girl</em>, hyper-aware in all its incarnations of the preferred status symbols of mean teens, sounded the death knell there. The 2021 HBO revival of <em>Gossip Girl</em> sees its cast of wealthy Upper East Side teenagers enjoying a night out at the Public Theatre, where <em>Hamilton</em> first premiered off-Broadway in 2015.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="G8RFMd">
“You know, I saw <em>Hamilton</em> here with Max, before it went on Broadway,” brags one of the teens, hoping to impress his cool new girlfriend Zoya. “You into that play?”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="rllxmI">
Zoya, the wokest of the group and the one with the most sophisticated literary taste, sighs deeply and rolls her eyes. “No doubt it’s a work of art,” she allows. “But …”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="o7aHYk">
Zoya doesn’t finish her sentence. She doesn’t have to; by now, the critiques of <em>Hamilton</em> are so well established that the audience can fill in the blanks on its own: <em>Hamilton</em>, according to current conventional cool-person wisdom, <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/culture/cultural-comment/in-the-haunting-of-lin-manuel-miranda-ishmael-reed-revives-an-
old-debate">glorifies</a> <a href="https://www.vox.com/culture/21305967/hamilton-debate-controversy-historical-accuracy-
explained">the slave-owning</a> <a href="https://www.marieclaire.com/culture/a33261974/hamilton-canceled-explained-lin-
manual-miranda/">and genocidal</a> <a href="https://www.celebretainment.com/celebrities/lin-manuel-miranda-understands-
hamilton-backlash/article_ee9adf40-7edb-5741-bdde-a44be65bd08d.html">Founding Fathers</a> while erasing the lives and legacies of <a href="https://slate.com/culture/2016/04/a-hamilton-critic-on-why-the-musical-isnt-so-
revolutionary.html">the people of color who were actually alive in the Revolutionary era</a>. It is no longer considered to be self-evidently virtuous or self-evidently great.
</p>
<aside id="jS7bJf">
<div>
</div>
</aside>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="xxnumC">
Zoya’s heavy sigh signals something about <em>Hamilton’s</em> current status, too. It proves that the show is no longer cool.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="6sASeE">
That’s true of all the works and public figures<strong> </strong>I’m discussing here. Political critiques have their place, but the real sign that the shibboleths of millennial pop culture have lost their cultural capital is that right now, they mostly just feel kind of cringe.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="njbNuQ">
Lin-Manuel Miranda gazing out at the audience with misty eyes at the end of <em>Hamilton</em>? <a href="https://knowyourmeme.com/memes/lin-manuel-miranda-
on-tv-reading-off-a-smartphone">Cringe</a>. Grown adults debating their Hogwarts houses? <a href="https://www.insider.com/gen-z-dragging-millennials-on-tiktok-harry-potter-zoomers-twitter-2020-6">Cringe</a>. An article in which fictional character Leslie Knope shares words of comfort after Donald Trump’s 2016 election <a href="https://www.vox.com/first-person/2016/11/10/13580582/leslie-knope-donald-trump">on this very website</a>? <a href="https://www.dissentmagazine.org/article/already-great">So so so</a> <a href="https://twitter.com/jack_hamilton/status/1427698805131169794">cringe</a>.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="xXezSd">
Part of the decline these properties have experienced<strong> </strong>is simply a natural response to overexposure. They reached a level of cultural saturation that made them inescapable, and a backlash inevitably ensued. Yet there’s also something about precisely <em>which</em> relics of Obama-era pop culture have come in for special reviling in 2021. They’re not necessarily associated with Obama himself.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="v9DX8x">
Instead, they are all media that tends to celebrate people who work through the grind of bureaucracy to make their great achievements; media much venerated for their identity politics of representation; media with a firm but vague political identity of liberal centrism.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="22RloR">
They are, in short, media that celebrates the qualities associated with our collective pop cultural understanding of Hillary Clinton.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="DEZ9K3">
So as 2021 comes to a close, and we have begun to grasp what President Joe Biden’s America looks like, let’s take a step back. We can trace which formerly beloved works of pop cultural liberalism have fallen out of favor in the tumultuous years since 2016, which ones have risen up to take their place, and come to understand what all of the above can tell us about how we’re thinking of America right now.
</p>
<h3 id="Q6PXym">
On the eve of the 2016 election, left-leaning pop culture was celebrating hard work and representation that mattered. Hillary Clinton was its poster child.
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="YpG68o">
<em>Parks and Recreation</em> ended in 2015, and <em>Hamilton</em> premiered in the same year. <em>Harry Potter and the Cursed Child</em>, with its much-heralded <a href="https://www.cnet.com/news/j-k-
rowling-on-reaction-to-a-black-hermione-idiots-were-going-to-idiot/">Black Hermione</a>, premiered in 2016, offering a highly anticipated extension of a series that had been foundational to the Harry Potter generation as a story of <a href="https://www.mediavillage.com/article/the-hidden-generational-messages-of-harry-potter/print/">diversity and difference conquering racism and small-minded conformity</a>. So on the eve of the 2016 US election, there was a clear archetype operating at full strength in American popular culture: a sincere celebration of playing by the rules, working hard within the system, and being rewarded with the chance to smash through the barriers of systemic discrimination. And no one epitomized that archetype better than Hillary Clinton as pop culture understood her.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="SA0J9S">
To be clear, when I’m talking about our pop cultural understanding of Hillary Clinton, I don’t mean <a href="https://www.vox.com/a/hillary-clinton-interview">the actual Hillary Clinton</a>, the politician who published real policy papers and had an interesting if fraught voting record. Nor am I talking about the shrill, castrating harpy (or villain in a pedophile-ring conspiracy theory) that <a href="https://www.vox.com/policy-and-
politics/2016/12/5/13842258/pizzagate-comet-ping-pong-fake-news">many on the right talk about</a> when they use Hillary Clinton’s name. I mean the liberal caricature of Hillary Clinton, the flat but far-reaching portrait of Hillary that dominated the left-wing political ecosystem for decades.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="fxs4bo">
When pop culture celebrated that idea of Hillary Clinton, it was celebrating some very specific traits: She was celebrated for doing hard, unglamorous work. She was admired for grinding through dull bureaucratic processes to come to a reasonable political compromise, for being pragmatic rather than inspirational. “Bitches get stuff done,” <a href="https://www.vox.com/2016/10/20/13346106/hillary-
clinton-nasty-woman">said Tina Fey of Hillary Clinton on <em>Saturday Night Live</em> in 2008</a>. Clinton does “the work of retail politics,” <a href="https://nymag.com/intelligencer/2016/05/hillary-clinton-candidacy.html">wrote Rebecca Traister for New York magazine in 2016</a>, “like an Olympic athlete.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="XR2IJP">
In tandem, pop culture properties like <em>Hamilton, Parks and Recreation,</em> and <em>Harry Potter</em> celebrated the heroes who made their way through boring political red tape to enact true<strong> </strong>change.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="oU6NIE">
“How do you write like you’re running out of time?” asks a wonderstruck<strong> </strong>Aaron Burr in <em>Hamilton</em> as piles of parchment signifying the groundwork for a new economic system accumulate around the musical’s title character. <em>Parks and Recreation</em> frequently returned to the sight gag of Leslie Knope plowing her way through a stack of binders that contained everything she needed to make some tiny, ever-so-meaningful tweak to one of the parks of Pawnee, Indiana. <em>Harry Potter</em> repeatedly celebrated the anxious over-preparedness of Hermione Granger and her constant refrain of, “Honestly, am I the only one who’s ever read <em>Hogwarts: A History</em>?”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="5vNERR">
So it came to be fashionable, during the 2016 election, to draw recurring parallels between Hillary and all of her hard-working pop cultural analogues. <a href="https://www.themarysue.com/hillary-clinton-hermione-politics/">Hillary Clinton</a> <a href="https://mashable.com/video/sam-bee-clinton-hermione-intro">is the</a> <a href="https://betterlivingthroughbeowulf.com/hillary-clinton-is-hermione-granger/">Hermione</a> <a href="https://time.com/4551438/harry-potter-donald-trump-voldermort-hillary-clinton-hermione/">of politics</a>, commenters argued. Or, in fact, <a href="https://www.vox.com/2016/7/28/12306978/hillary-clinton-leslie-knope-dnc">she is</a> <a href="https://www.salon.com/2016/09/12/hillary-clintons-leslie-knope-moment-how-parks-and-recreation-foretold-
pneumoniagate/">Leslie</a> <a href="https://www.vice.com/en/article/8xyw5v/parks-and-recreation-is-the-america-we-were-
promised-hillary-clinton-leslie-knope-essay">Knope</a>, which means <a href="https://www.salon.com/2016/09/12/hillary-
clintons-leslie-knope-moment-how-parks-and-recreation-foretold-pneumoniagate/">the haters need to get over themselves</a>. Clinton herself <a href="https://www.wired.com/2016/07/hillary-clinton-really-does-love-
hamilton/">quoted <em>Hamilton</em></a> when she accepted her nomination at the 2016 Democratic National Convention, and then <a href="https://www.billboard.com/articles/news/7548924/lin-manuel-miranda-rewrite-hamilton-lyrics-at-clinton-
broadway-fundraiser-watch/">Lin-Manuel Miranda rewrote the lyrics to “The Ten Duel Commandments” for a Hillary fundraiser</a>.
</p>
<aside id="wCGomK">
<div>
</div>
</aside>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="I5mXGj">
Besides being celebrated for her work ethic, Hillary was also celebrated for the historic nature of her identity. She was the first woman to win the nomination of a major party for the presidency. She was the first woman to win the popular vote for the presidency. Regardless of where her politics lay, the sheer fact of her existence was radical and boundary-breaking.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="z62Wot">
Likewise, <em>Hamilton</em>, <em>Parks and Recreation</em>, and <em>Harry Potter</em> were all celebrated for the symbolic force of their politics of representation. <em>Hamilton</em> had actors of color playing the Founding Fathers in a move that was, <a href="https://www.vulture.com/2015/02/theater-review-lin-manuel-mirandas-hamilton.html">New York magazine’s 2015 review declared</a>, “more than colorblind; it’s a key to the story as it projects into the future.” <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/act-four/wp/2015/02/24/the-brilliant-confident-liberalism-of-parks-and-
recreation/"><em>Parks and Rec</em> was lauded</a> for the “quietly consistent argument for feminism” in its portrayal of an ambitious female politician. Harry Potter had<strong> </strong>earned feminist credit for <a href="https://hellogiggles.com/teen/harry-potter-feminism/">its</a> <a href="https://www.kingswomeninlaw.com/post/feminist-role-models-in-the-harry-potter-series">strong</a> <a href="https://www.bustle.com/articles/88279-15-times-the-male-harry-potter-characters-were-feminists">female</a> <a href="https://www.romper.com/p/9-most-feminist-harry-potter-characters-because-gender-equality-isnt-just-for-
muggles-4867">characters</a>, <a href="https://www.romper.com/p/9-most-feminist-harry-potter-characters-because-gender-
equality-isnt-just-for-muggles-4867">the argument being</a> that “the Harry Potter universe is full of take-charge women and supportive men who don’t let a silly thing like gender constructs get in the way of their fight against the evil forces of the world.”<strong> </strong>
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="hBGyAL">
Then Donald Trump became president instead of Hillary Clinton, and everything changed.
</p>
<h3 id="mFC7wD">
Since the 2016 election, cultural capital has ebbed away from Clinton and the pop culture most associated with her
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="rS8WKg">
In the five years since Hillary Clinton’s defeat at the hands of Donald Trump, pop culture’s support of her — and of her specific hard-working archetype — has waned.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="pkqeC3">
Pop culture was still interested in <a href="https://www.vox.com/culture/2018/12/28/18156266/2018-tv-good-place-crazy-ex-girlfriend-queer-eye">wholesome stories about good people</a> during the Trump era. Certainly there were still plenty of <a href="https://www.vox.com/culture/22233503/antihero-donald-trump-house-of-cards">antiheroes</a> and villains; <em>The Handmaid’s Tale</em> made Trump’s misogyny the leering ogre at the center of its dystopia, and <em>Succession</em>’s cynical Roy family views the world through the same power-above-all lens that Trump did.<strong> </strong>But there were also shows like <em>The Good Place</em> (from <em>Parks and Recreation</em> showrunner Michael Schur) and Netflix’s revamped <em>Queer Eye</em>, both of which made their debuts to critical acclaim during this era.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="SFwIRi">
What distinguished the wholesome pop culture of the Trump era was that it seemed to be starting from zero. While pop culture’s Hillaries tended to be presented as fully-cooked good people whom we could all emulate, in the Trump era, wholesome pop culture tended to center itself around fundamentally flawed people who were trying to be good, and not always succeeding. The protagonists of <em>The Good Place</em> started in hell and had to work their way painfully up to heaven over the course of four seasons. The heroes of <em>Queer Eye</em> all had some major personality flaw or emotional obstacle to try to conquer over the course of each episode.
</p>
<aside id="quv1bC">
<div>
</div>
</aside>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="ym5qqS">
Moreover, the pop culture of the Trump years wasn’t always sure what goodness itself would look like. <em>The Good Place</em> held up one moral philosophy after another for examination and often found them wanting. <em>Queer Eye</em> could not always offer its subjects a convincing redemption. It was as though we were in an era in search of an ideal.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="5MKcYj">
And when we came out the other side, pop culture seemed to have concluded that it wasn’t going back to the Hillary role model.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="GsxtZF">
Clinton’s biggest moment in 2021 pop culture came courtesy of <em>American Crime Story: Impeachment</em> — which, while sympathetic, focused less on Clinton’s accomplishments than on her humiliations at her husband’s hands.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="348oqu">
Meanwhile the real tell, as ever, remains the mean teens.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="5sINhC">
Early on in HBO Max’s buzzy <a href="https://www.vox.com/culture/22622686/white-lotus-finale-departures-recap-review-hbo"><em>The White Lotus</em></a> (not a show about pop culture liberalism per se, but very much a show about cultural capital), two terrifyingly cool college students begin gossiping knowingly to each other about Hillary Clinton. “Like she actually cared about the working poor,” one of them says dismissively.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Aw9xdK">
“She was a neoliberal war hawk,” returns the other, Olivia. “She was a neolib <em>and</em> a neocon.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="bZWBdZ">
“Oh. Oh, is that the trendy thing they’re teaching now, to hate on Hillary Clinton?” demands Olivia’s mother, a high-powered executive in her 50s played by Connie Britton. “Hillary Clinton is one of the most influential women of the last 30 years, and many women in my generation very much admire Hillary Clinton.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="SIuNI2">
“Mom, don’t get triggered,” Olivia says. She adds sarcastically, “We all love Hillary Clinton.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="MaGgOT">
Like Zoya with <em>Hamilton</em>, Olivia doesn’t need to explain why she doesn’t like Hillary Clinton. The fact of her not liking Hillary signifies Olivia’s cool, her progressive politics. It shows that she has her finger on the pulse. Her mother’s knee-jerk defense of Hillary, meanwhile, shows how behind-the- times she is.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="XOUiKs">
Hillary lost the election to Donald Trump. She and her hard work and her commitment to navigating the constraints of the system and her politics of representation did not save us. In response, the culture has turned on her. In America’s popular imagination, she’s become a symbol of all the worst impulses of the Democratic Party establishment: both a neolib <em>and</em> a neocon. So<strong> </strong>the art to which Hillary was continually compared throughout the 2016 election is reviled now, too.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="lVDUTN">
<em>Hamilton</em> is understood to <a href="https://screenrant.com/hamilton-slavery-broadway-show-disney-plus-explained/">use its color-conscious casting to “whitewash”</a> the slave-owning founding fathers. Harry Potter, <a href="https://www.buzzfeed.com/katangus/harry-
potter-tumblr">fans note to each other significantly</a>, “was a trust fund jock who became a cop and married his high school sweetheart,” and moreover <a href="https://www.vox.com/culture/21285396/jk-rowling-transphobic-backlash-harry-
potter">his author is transphobic</a>. <em>Parks and Recreation</em> is a symbol of the failure of liberalism in the face of Donald Trump.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="oGVRs4">
“That’s what <em>Parks and Rec</em> did for most of its run, assuaging the anxieties of managerial-class liberals by telling them everything would be okay if we trusted the grownups — the Obamas, the Clintons, the Knopes — to look out for us,” <a href="https://www.dissentmagazine.org/article/already-great">wrote Timothy Shenk for Dissent in 2019</a>. Shenk argued that <em>Parks and Recreation</em>’s finale, which flashes forward into the future all the way up to 2048, ignored America’s increasingly unstable politics to assure fans that at least Leslie Knope was going to live a happy life: “By the end of the show, optimism meant a future where public services are gutted, a handful of corporations dominate the economy, and all your favorite characters are doing just splendidly.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="rR3E5t">
I am not here to argue that these properties are all definitively regressive works of neoliberal propaganda and that there is no other way of understanding them. It’s still possible to have more radical interpretations of all of these works, <a href="https://www.vox.com/culture/21305967/hamilton-debate-controversy-
historical-accuracy-explained">perhaps especially of <em>Hamilton</em></a>. It’s also still possible to respect the achievements of Hillary Clinton. But the pendulum of cultural opinion has swung out of their favor.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="xUSFmV">
It used to be that you demonstrated your cred by saying you saw <em>Hamilton</em> at the Public. Now you demonstrate your cred by saying you have your doubts about <em>Hamilton</em>’s racial politics.
</p>
<h3 id="o0Fdt0">
The new face of mainstream American pop cultural liberalism is <em>Ted Lasso</em>
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="ekRp0v">
I also don’t want to argue that this shift away from Hillary and her analogues means mainstream America is moving toward embracing a radical new leftism in its popular culture. What I think it actually means is that pop culture’s understanding of mainstream political virtue has shifted toward a new model, one that is slightly, tellingly different from the one Hillary symbolized.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="OMiJUD">
One of the most discussed new shows of the past couple of years is the Apple TV+ sitcom <em>Ted Lasso</em>. It is in many ways a direct descendant of <em>Parks and Recreation</em>: a sitcom animated by the same sense of sweetness, offering viewers the same chance to luxuriate in a world of niceness.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="hqYl0b">
But while<em> Parks and Rec</em> was organized around a hard-working and ambitious blonde woman, played by an actress who had played Hillary Clinton on <em>SNL</em>, <em>Ted Lasso</em> has a different anchor.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="bbdXTB">
The titular Ted Lasso is an American college football coach who moves to England to coach a professional soccer team, and he is the moral center of his show. Ted is a folksy, avuncular figure. He is a white man who understands the problems with white men, who is working hard <a href="https://19thnews.org/2021/07/biden-empathy-first-six-months/">to redeem the rest of his gender</a>. He is able to walk into a football franchise that has been run into the ground by poor leadership and turn it around again, not with dull paperwork and rule-following — both of which escape him — but by the sheer force of his vision. His superpower is his <a href="https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2020/11/joe-bidens-
superpower/616957/">empathy</a>, and he is much admired for his ability to find common ground with some of his enemies, as well as his willingness to declare others (notably Rebecca’s wicked ex-husband Rupert) beyond help.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="9VRiHX">
He is even played, like Leslie Knope, by an actor who played a prominent politician on <em>SNL;</em> Jason Sudeikis used to be <em>SNL</em>’s Biden.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="kK9Wz4">
As both <a href="https://www.vox.com/culture/22643585/ted-
lasso-season-2-two-backlash">the backlash toward <em>Ted Lasso</em>’s second season</a> and <a href="https://www.vox.com/2021/11/3/22761425/joe-biden-approval-virginia-new-jersey">Biden’s plummeting approval ratings</a> both demonstrate, our patience with this archetype is not infinite. Still, right now, Ted Lasso is the collective liberal fantasy of who Joe Biden could be if we maybe all wished hard enough. He’s replaced the collective fantasy of who Hillary Clinton could be after she failed to best Donald Trump. And only time will tell us if we’ll end up repudiating him — and all his pop cultural analogues — too.
</p>
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</p></li>
<li><strong>Why more psychiatrists think mindfulness can help treat ADHD</strong> -
<figure>
<img alt="" src="https://cdn.vox-
cdn.com/thumbor/2QgWqlh02PUv7dMzD3_Ks3MWi0U=/225x0:1576x1013/1310x983/cdn.vox-
cdn.com/uploads/chorus_image/image/70319663/mindfulness_adhd_board_2.0.jpg"/>
<figcaption>
Christina Animashaun/Vox
</figcaption>
</figure>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
A 1-minute mindfulness practice helped settle my ADHD-addled mind.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="bjkKv8">
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="TLNuPR">
One morning this summer, I sat at my desk feeling restlessness boil inside me. I’d recently moved from a chaotic and deadline-driven job to one with a lot of downtime and zero pressure. On paper it sounded amazing, but I was putting off projects for weeks.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="wAuJrT">
The tasks were either overwhelmingly big or mind-numbingly boring. And I was starting to feel guilty about not getting them done.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="zNQNcm">
So what did I do? Water the plants, start a to-do list, respond to a few emails, check social media, buy my sister a gift, check social media, add to my to-do list, turn on music, leave and go to the gym — everything but the most important tasks.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="oOroHs">
Then, in a panic, I’d pull an all-nighter, relying on a caffeine-fueled crunch to get me to the finish line. The next day, feeling deflated, depleted, and embarrassed by the quality of my work, I’d crash.
</p>
<h3 id="HTBSJF">
Desperately seeking focus
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="MDm1b9">
After a few of these vicious cycles, I worried that I was either too burned out to muster any strength or discipline, or that decades of multitasking had broken my brain. Trying to focus and prioritize was like listening to a symphony in which all of the instruments were always center stage, all playing at the same volume at the same time.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="yd0Fv7">
So I scheduled an appointment with a psychiatric nurse, who, after an hour and a half phone session, diagnosed me with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="sD2YjO">
ADHD — a neurodevelopmental disorder marked by varying degrees of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity — is more common in children, affecting more than 9 percent of kids under the age of 18 in the US, according to 2016 data from the <a href="https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/adhd/data.html">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</a>. Estimates of the prevalence of ADHD in adults vary significantly, but a 2016 study published in the journal <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27866355/"><em>Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders</em></a> found that nearly 3 percent of adults globally have received the diagnosis. Another <a href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/2753787">study</a> of US cases reported a 123 percent increase in adult ADHD diagnoses from 2007 to 2016, four times the increase in ADHD diagnoses among children.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="3yOAmK">
My diagnosis was both a blow and a relief.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Vh8veQ">
I left the appointment with a prescription for Adderall, a stimulant that increases dopamine and norepinephrine levels in the brain to improve motivation and focus. (Doctors also often prescribe cognitive behavioral therapy, a form of psychotherapy that can help challenge negative thought patterns that can lead to anxiety or addictions.)
</p>
<h3 id="JX2aot">
Discovering mindfulness for the ADHD brain
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="pK4slg">
The Adderall worked like a charm. I felt calmer, my attention only pulled in a few directions, rather than 100. But it also felt like a temporary fix. Adderall works on a day-to-day basis and doesn’t help rewire your brain to help build focus over time.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Z82U1Q">
I’d heard mindfulness practices could be useful for attention training and longer-term emotional regulation, and were backed by a strong body of scientific evidence. Could they work for ADHD too? I ended up on a website called <a href="https://mindfullyadd.com/">MindfullyADD</a>.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="o07cBN">
Developed by educators, nurses, and doctors who’ve worked with ADHD patients, the platform offers short breath-, attention-, and movement-based practices designed to help people find focus and feel more settled and in control.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="JmSY3I">
I tried something called a “1-Minute Do- Nothing Practice,” described as a way to build tolerance to boredom. There was near-constant narration to help hold my focus, but it was still agony: I wanted to check my phone, straighten up my desk, pick up my matcha.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Oz0NYS">
Next, I tried a “1-Minute Elevator Practice,” a narrated exercise that asks you to bring your hands together at your belly button, and then move the top hand up with your inhalations and back down with your exhalations. This was remarkably more effective at helping me focus, as I had something to track: my breath.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="rAL3ay">
I started adding these practices to my day, randomly, whenever they fit in. And I began to see how fast and furiously my brain switched from one task or thought to the next.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="NkbGCc">
I went through moments of self-loathing, thinking, “mindfulness should be easy for me.” (I had a meditation practice, but sitting for 30 minutes, focused on a single object, had been, if I was honest with myself, overwhelming.)
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="7zNSzn">
Often, I felt too tired or busy to practice even the short mindfulness practices on MindfullyADD. The growing awareness of my distracted and disjointed mind became really uncomfortable. But I was starting to find pauses between the distractions and thoughts, which felt empowering.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="kzyTVQ">
<a href="https://www.dixonlifecoaching.com/">Casey Dixon</a>, the strategist behind MindfullyADD and the founder of a program called Live Well ADHD, told me that my situation was not unusual. “Right now, most people who are getting diagnosed are women who are not in their 20s anymore and who are learning suddenly that a lot of their lifestyle habits are related to ADHD.” (I’m 46.) And one of the biggest obstacles her clients face is following through on work and life plans.
</p>
<h3 id="1MnC6h">
The ADHD brain
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="G9Pkcw">
After experiencing some of the benefits of mindfulness firsthand, I called up <a href="https://med.umn.edu/bio/psychiatry/lidia-
zylowska">Lidia Zylowska</a>, a psychiatrist at the University of Minnesota Medical School and the author of <a href="https://www.amazon.com/Mindfulness-Prescription-Adult-ADHD-
Strengthening/dp/1590308476/ref=asc_df_1590308476/"><em>The Mindfulness Prescription for Adult ADHD</em></a>, to find out how the brains of people with ADHD are different from other people who feel distracted.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="0gFFWB">
Many people, she said, have ADHD-like symptoms, including difficulty focusing and organizing, when we’re faced with stressful situations, inadequate sleep, burnout, and unrelenting bad news in the media. “But if you have actual ADHD, you have these symptoms even when you’re not stressed.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="WVQGqv">
<a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5884954/">Studies</a> that track what’s happening in ADHD brains through imaging, or functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), have shown atypical activity in neural networks associated with cognitive control, attention, and working memory. In addition, parts of the brain related to emotional regulation and motivation may look different in people with ADHD. Imaging also shows that the default mode network (DMN) — which is linked to mind wandering — is more active in people with ADHD when they are attending to tasks.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="qOt402">
Some people with ADHD have enough coping strategies and support to mask it. But then the context changes and their symptoms can become less manageable.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="0vqhXx">
A couple of common pain points are when people move into jobs with less structure and they are expected to self-manage throughout the day (aha!), and when people become parents and have to manage more than just themselves. For women specifically, hormonal changes, particularly during perimenopause, can bring ADHD to the surface.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="rJXQYH">
Some of the psychiatric nurse’s questions made me realize that constant triaging at work had become my coping strategy. I also started thinking about patterns of procrastination that went as far back as elementary school. I started to see that I’d always been paralyzed by the fear of not completing something perfectly. I’d set myself up, over and over, for failure.
</p>
<h3 id="M2vZXV">
How mindfulness works to help treat ADHD
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="jGbEdY">
Mindfulness, the practice of present-moment awareness without judgment, has a nearly 5,000-year history with roots in Hinduism, Buddhism, and other Eastern religions and philosophies. It has been studied in the US since the 1970s for various mental health issues, including stress, anxiety, depression, addiction, and pain management.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="6cwdbC">
One of the first major research studies to look at mindfulness as a treatment for ADHD was done by Zylowska, when she was working at the <a href="https://www.uclahealth.org/marc/">Mindful Awareness Research Center</a> at the University of California Los Angeles. Her original study, published in 2007 in the <a href="https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/1087054707308502"><em>Journal of Attention Disorders</em></a>, looked at the effects of a mindfulness program on adolescents and adults with ADHD.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="HzFyTV">
The 24 adults and eight adolescents in the study were asked to practice sitting meditation, body and breath awareness, mindful listening and speaking, and self-compassion on a daily basis for eight weeks. Afterward, they reported improvements in their symptoms, tested better on attention tasks, and even saw reduced symptoms of anxiety and depression. Zylowska and her colleagues concluded that mindfulness could be an effective intervention in some adults and adolescents with ADHD — yielding improvements in overall ADHD symptoms — but that a controlled clinical study was needed.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="ZWLgm9">
Since 2007, there have been dozens of other studies, some with small sample sizes and no controls, others with larger sample sizes and active controls that support the use of mindfulness for ADHD, says <a href="https://psychiatry.duke.edu/faculty/john-t-mitchell-phd">John Mitchell</a>, an associate professor of psychiatry and behavioral sciences at the Duke University School of Medicine.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="td2TMk">
A 2021 research review of 31 studies on mindfulness for ADHD, published in the <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34146899/"><em>Journal of Affective Disorders</em></a>, concluded that mindfulness is just as effective as, if not slightly more than, education and life skills training for treating adults with inattentiveness. The evidence isn’t in for mindfulness and children with ADHD.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="ZaAWat">
Both Zylowska and Mitchell agree that more research would help determine which mindfulness practices are best for different folks with ADHD. “The research is in early stages, compared to other interventions for ADHD,” says Zylowska. Based on the existing data, if symptoms of ADHD are mild to moderate, mindfulness may be a great stand-alone treatment, says Zylowska. But if symptoms are severe, people with ADHD may want to use mindfulness as a complement to other treatments
</p>
<h3 id="j0lMAQ">
How to adapt mindfulness practices for ADHD
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="7xDTp4">
Meditation and mindfulness may not at first seem like a good fit for chronically restless ADHD people, says Mitchell.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="8b3HMn">
That’s why Zylowska’s eight-week program includes both “formal” seated or walking meditation and “informal” mindfulness, like being present with tastes, sounds, textures, and sounds while you eat. You start with practicing for five minutes and work your way up to 15. If five minutes is still too much, Zylowska says, start with three.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="6agukw">
“When you have ADHD, you have to find solutions that are easy enough to fit into your life,” explains Dixon. “If they create a lot of friction, they won’t get done.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="nTOSLx">
Zylowska agrees: “These are not new practices, but we are making them more accessible to people who have difficulty sustaining attention.” They are shorter, are introduced more gradually, and have more variety, so you can experiment with what works for you.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="devM4m">
You can also tailor the practice depending on the type of distractibility or ADHD you have. If you have more hyperactivity and impulsivity, you may want to focus on mindful movement. If this is all overwhelming, just think of an activity that already helps you calm down, like cooking or gardening, and do more of that, with awareness, advises Zylowska.
</p>
<h3 id="m78D38">
One minute at a time
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="aiiYx7">
As I continue with the practices from MindfullyADD, I start to feel more space in my brain and my life. I try to practice daily, even if just for a minute. While I can still procrastinate and overcommit, this one-minute-at-a-time approach has ultimately translated into a one-step-at-a-time effort at work. (I still take Adderall, but infrequently.)
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="thmyZU">
I can now better tolerate mind-numbing spreadsheets, and I can read for more than five minutes at a time. I don’t beat myself up about not accomplishing more. Instead, I celebrate the small wins, take conscious breaks that help me reset and feel less enmeshed with work, and I feel perfectionism and black-and-white thinking losing their hold.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="5Paqb2">
Dixon reminds me to keep it simple: “You don’t need to have the perfect mindfulness set-up and practice, just pick something and try it.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="dUhAZp">
<em>Tasha Eichenseher is a science and wellness writer based in Boulder, Colorado. </em>
</p></li>
<li><strong>How humans could live two years longer</strong> -
<figure>
<img alt="A pedestrian in San Francisco walking under a thick orangey-yellow sky" src="https://cdn.vox-
cdn.com/thumbor/IGSoqA4mJzznGZvB2d1m-iwZnr4=/347x0:5894x4160/1310x983/cdn.vox-
cdn.com/uploads/chorus_image/image/70319659/1228484143.0.jpg"/>
<figcaption>
A pedestrian in San Francisco amid thick wildfire haze, on September 9, 2020. Wildfires cause significant air pollution, a major cause of death worldwide. | Nick Otto/Washington Post/Getty Images
</figcaption>
</figure>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
You can’t see particles smaller than 2.5 microns. But they kill 3.4 million people a year.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="f16p6u">
Climate change is going to have profound consequences on human health and survival. Most obviously, a hotter world means more heat stroke and other heat-caused deaths.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="sqxhwJ">
A recent study on <a href="https://www.vox.com/future-perfect/22643358/social-cost-of-carbon-
mortality-biden-discounting">the mortality cost of climate change</a> found that every 4,434 metric tons of carbon dioxide emitted — about the combined lifetime emissions of 3.5 Americans, the study estimates — will cause a heat- related death this century.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="pzQ6sK">
But the situation is even worse than that number suggests. Danny Bressler, the environmental economist <a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-021-24487-w">who authored the paper</a>, notes his estimate leaves out some other potential climate-related deaths, like those from flooding and reduced food supply. He’s just estimating what higher temperatures alone will do, writing that he “does not consider likely mortality co-benefits of stricter climate policies, such as decreases in particulate matter pollution.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="8Ympgy">
That’s a technical way of putting it. Here’s a simpler way: When we burn fossil fuels, not all the resulting pollution goes up high into the atmosphere. Some of it accumulates in the air that we breathe every day.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="tn6klR">
And it kills us. A lot of us. The Global Burden of Disease study, a common benchmark for public health work, <a href="https://ourworldindata.org/outdoor-air-pollution">estimates that 3.4 million people die prematurely</a> every year due to air pollution. More recent research puts the total even higher, at <a href="https://www.bloomberg.com/opinion/articles/2021-03-10/air-pollution-kills-far-more-people-than-covid-ever-will">10 million a year</a>. A recent paper suggested that <a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41612-020-0124-2#Sec3">90 percent of the world’s population</a> lives in areas with air pollution higher than World Health Organization guidelines (guidelines that the organization itself is toughening).
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="hxcLGX">
The particles in question here are invisible to the naked eye — but their effects are anything but.
</p>
<h3 id="4xIy48">
The public health threat of particulate matter
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="5l91v2">
This problem goes by a lot of different names — “air pollution,” “low air quality,” “PM 2.5 pollution” — but it is directly tied to our climate problem.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="3Z8cah">
Burning fossil fuels, in a car or steel mill or power plant, produces carbon dioxide and methane, but it also produces other pollutants. The term “PM 2.5” refers to particles smaller than 2.5 microns (or 0.0025 millimeters — tinier than a grain of sand) suspended in the air. Sometimes colloquially called “<a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2021/06/10/climate/soot-pollution-
EPA.html">soot</a>,” PM 2.5 usually comes from burning stuff: wood in fireplaces, propane in generators, coal in power plants, and gasoline in cars.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="1ytpV1">
But PM 2.5 pollution doesn’t just emanate from controlled combustion. Fossil fuels also contribute to PM 2.5 emissions indirectly: <a href="https://www.vox.com/2021/7/25/22592004/wildfires-
climate-change-reconciliation-bill">Global warming is increasing</a> the frequency and severity of wildfires, which subject people to huge quantities of particulate matter. The largest wildfire in California’s history, the Camp Fire of 2018, <a href="https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/sites/default/files/2021-07/Camp_Fire_report_July2021.pdf">led PM 2.5 levels in the nearby city of Chico to increase by about 12 times the EPA limit</a>.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="UXyLfK">
This all matters because PM 2.5 emissions are extremely deadly. Because PM 2.5 particles are so small, they can easily reach the lungs and even the bloodstream, and long-term exposure can cause a <a href="https://www.vox.com/future-perfect/2019/10/24/20927103/air-
pollution-study-deaths-elderly-obama-trump">variety of serious health problems</a>, like lung cancer, emphysema, strokes, heart attacks, and cognitive decline.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="EHTChl">
And we have very good causal evidence that high levels of exposure to PM 2.5 pollution lead to a decline in overall health and life expectancy. Some of the early convincing evidence came from the US, particularly an <a href="https://www.hsph.harvard.edu/news/features/six-cities-
air-pollution-study-turns-20/">influential</a> “<a href="https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/nejm199312093292401">Six Cities Study</a>” released in 1993. That study found significant relationships between levels of air pollution and overall mortality, driven by higher rates of lung cancer and other lung diseases and heart disease.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="vZSzcT">
A more recent and methodologically strong <a href="https://www.pnas.org/content/110/32/12936">set</a> of <a href="https://www.pnas.org/content/114/39/10384">research</a> has focused on China, specifically its “Huai River policy” instituted in the 1950s. The Chinese Communist government had promised free heating in wintertime as a new state- provided benefit, but lacked the resources to offer the benefit nationally. Instead, it only gave free or heavily subsidized coal for heating to households north of the Huai River. The Huai roughly bisects eastern China; Beijing is several hundred miles to its north, and Shanghai slightly to its south.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="3u9itc">
That meant communities north of the river were exposed to much more particulate pollution from burning coal than communities to the south. Retrospective work comparing lifespans above and below the Huai River suggested that these emissions were incredibly deadly, directly reducing life expectancy by five and a half years for people north of the river compared to those living south of it.
</p>
<h3 id="ZuoDiW">
Air pollution is costing millions of lives — and more
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="UGOARr">
Worldwide pollution isn’t quite as bad as it was north of the Huai, but it’s not great either. The University of Chicago’s <a href="https://aqli.epic.uchicago.edu/">Air Quality Life Index</a>, which regularly estimates the human toll of particulate pollution, <a href="https://aqli.epic.uchicago.edu/wp-
content/uploads/2021/08/AQLI_2021-Report.EnglishGlobal.pdf">this fall issued a report</a> estimating that the average person on Earth loses 2.2 years of life expectancy due to particulate pollution, compared to a scenario in which every country followed WHO guidelines.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="jxdS3b">
“Alcohol use reduces life expectancy by 9 months; unsafe water and sanitation, 7 months; HIV/AIDS, 4 months; malaria, 3 months; and conflict and terrorism, just 7 days,” researchers Ken Lee and Michael Greenstone write in the report. “Thus, the impact of particulate pollution on life expectancy is comparable to that of smoking, almost three times that of alcohol and drug use and unsafe water, five times that of HIV/AIDS, and 114 times that of conflict and terrorism.” By their count, lowering air pollution levels below those specified in WHO guidelines would enable people currently alive to enjoy 17 <em>billion</em> more years on Earth, collectively.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="7hVgXK">
And that’s a relatively conservative figure. Shortly after the report’s release, the <a href="https://www.who.int/news/item/22-09-2021-new-who-global-air-quality-guidelines-aim-to-save-millions-of-lives-
from-air-pollution">World Health Organization set stricter guidelines</a> for particulate pollution. Its prior standard, undergirding the UChicago analysis, was that particulate concentration in the air we breathe should be kept to under 10 micrograms (µg, or a millionth of a gram) per cubic meter of air. The new threshold, developed due to evidence that even lower concentrations can be harmful to human health, is half that: 5 µg/m³.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="7XzgVt">
Cutting global air pollution down to that new, lower threshold would save even more millions of life-years.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="ZRKGdY">
And the harms of particulate pollution are <a href="https://www.vox.com/future-perfect/2019/12/11/20996968/air-pollution-
cognitive-impact">not limited to life expectancy</a>. Patrick Collison, the entrepreneur and cofounder of Stripe, has taken a research interest in this topic and has a <a href="https://patrickcollison.com/pollution">useful compendium of recent work on air pollution harms</a>. Among the studies he highlights:
</p>
<ul>
<li id="yQWWa9">
A very small increase in particulate pollution (specifically an increase in PM 2.5 concentration of 1µg/m³) causes, by one estimate, a <a href="http://www.oecd.org/officialdocuments/publicdisplaydocumentpdf/?cote=ECO/WKP(2019)54&amp;docLanguage=En">0.8 percent reduction in GDP</a> that year, mostly because air pollution increases absenteeism and reduces productivity.
</li>
<li id="BHWzOM">
<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30577116/">Alzheimer’s diagnoses triple</a> when long- term air pollution exposure is substantially increased (by 10 µg/m³). Parkinson’s and <a href="https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Hazed-and-Confused%3A-The-Effect-of-Air-Pollution-on-Bishop-
Ketcham/615f6b7cf7e9ce6e14b1eb4f2c71fbcc271b8d13?p2df">dementia</a> diagnoses increase too.
</li>
<li id="qgcWGs">
Air pollution reduces cognitive functioning in young people. <a href="https://www.pnas.org/content/115/37/9193">Applying US air pollution standards to China</a> would substantially raise test scores on both reading and math in the latter country, from the median to the 63rd and 58th percentiles respectively.
</li>
<li id="a0CyMd">
<a href="https://conference.iza.org/conference_files/environ_2019/palacios_j24419.pdf">Chess players</a>, <a href="https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/full/10.1086/698728">baseball umpires</a>, and <a href="https://www.nber.org/system/files/working_papers/w22753/w22753.pdf">stock traders</a> all perform worse at their jobs when exposed to more air pollution. Those jobs are unusually easy to quantify, but it stands to reason that people’s performance at other jobs suffers too.
</li>
</ul>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="zTaqsX">
Even if air pollution doesn’t kill you, it probably impedes your cognitive functioning, makes you poorer, and increases your susceptibility to brutal diseases like Alzheimer’s.
</p>
<h3 id="wQGoTt">
How combating climate change can extend life expectancy
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="5aIX4e">
Air pollution is a tough problem, but the good news is that we can help solve it by solving another tough problem. Actions to combat global warming can also dramatically cut air pollution deaths.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="EIRiGc">
In 2018, a <a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41558-018-0108-y">team of earth scientists at Duke and Columbia universities modeled</a> what would happen to air pollution deaths if the world actually acted to confront climate change. They considered a scenario where 180 fewer gigatons of CO2 are emitted by 2100. That’s roughly the reductions needed to keep warming to 2ºC or below — the goal of the Paris climate agreement.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="2D2tAK">
If we reduce emissions that much, we would prevent about 110 million to 196 million premature deaths by 2100. Averaged over the 80-year period the paper considers, that’s 1.4 million to 2.5 million deaths per year averted. (The improvements would need time to take effect, so more lives would be saved later in the century than in the next 10 years or so.)
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="no5QDz">
The good news is that governments have regulatory levers for reducing air pollution deaths — and some are pulling them. The <a href="https://aqli.epic.uchicago.edu/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/AQLI_2021-Report.EnglishGlobal.pdf">UChicago Air Quality Life Index report</a> estimates that since 2013, China has reduced air pollution by 29 percent, for an average lifespan extension of 1.5 years for each of its citizens (assuming there’s no backsliding on pollution).
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="aaUBPg">
The passage of a stronger version of the Clean Air Act in the US, similarly, was <a href="https://nepis.epa.gov/Exe/ZyPDF.cgi/2000MZJG.PDF?Dockey=2000MZJG.PDF">followed by a 50 percent reduction in particulate pollution</a> between 1970 and 1979, aided by a slow economy. Economists Kenneth Chay and Michael Greenstone have estimated that <a href="https://economics.mit.edu/files/1757">the Clean Air Act caused an immediate and sharp decline in infant mortality</a> in the US. By their figures, some 1,300 fewer infants died in 1972 than would have if the Clean Air Act amendments of 1970 hadn’t passed. What’s more, research from economists Adam Isen, Maya Rossin-Slater, and W. Reed Walker suggests that <a href="https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/pdfplus/10.1086/691465?casa_token=9bRfH9_rI5YAAAAA:nnzBY3u4QiIR6nTqrNXm0F-akhGsr5DfH1HnIn5aAOEbMSTOia7GBezouSKO8Fqi1EqjgcAJeJ18">the Clean Air Act amendments led children to have higher earnings as adults</a> than they would have had if they’d been exposed to prior levels of pollution.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="QqzF0C">
There are also things you can do at an individual level to mitigate your air pollution intake. My colleague Rebecca Leber <a href="https://www.vox.com/22664710/wildfires-air-
quality-pollution-aqi-health-app">wrote</a> about a tool that lets you investigate air quality where you live, and you can help prevent emissions from harming yourself or your loved ones with an electric <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/wirecutter/reviews/best-air-purifier/">air purifier</a> (I have two running in my apartment).
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="ga7DM1">
But air pollution is not an individual problem, any more than climate change is. The long-term solutions involve setting much stricter regulations or higher taxes targeting particulate emissions, and replacing common sources like coal plants with solar, nuclear, or wind power.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="RWxyRV">
The Biden administration is moving in the right direction. The Environmental Protection Agency, under Biden’s appointee Michael Regan, is <a href="https://www.epa.gov/newsreleases/epa-reexamine-health-standards-harmful-soot-previous-administration-
left-unchanged">reviewing its air quality standards</a>, last reevaluated in 2012, in response to “the strong body of scientific evidence [which] shows that long- and short-term exposures to fine particles (PM2.5) can harm people’s health, leading to heart attacks, asthma attacks, and premature death.” A scientific <a href="https://www.eenews.net/articles/epa-advisers-favor-stronger-soot-standards/">panel at the EPA has signaled support</a> for lowering the amount of PM 2.5 allowed in the air by as much as a third.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Z5fXVW">
But this is also a global problem that hits the developing world even harder. Spreading green tech to emerging economies like India and Brazil is not just a climate necessity. It’s a public health necessity too.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="PlKipp">
<em>A version of this story was initially published in the </em>Future Perfect<em> newsletter. </em><a href="https://confirmsubscription.com/h/d/A2BA26698741513A"><em><strong>Sign up here to subscribe!</strong></em></a>
</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-the-hindu-sports">From The Hindu: Sports</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>India vs South Africa first Test | With day’s play washed out, India will look to realign targets</strong> - At the end of the opening day’s play, India were firmly placed at 272/3</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Right way to go: Shastri backs split captaincy</strong> - “This could be a blessing in disguise for Virat, and for Rohit”</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>The Ashes | England in big trouble in third Test amid virus scare</strong> - England are four wickets down in second innings at the end of Day 2, trailing Australia by 51 runs</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>China talks up ‘green’ Olympics but prepares to fight smog</strong> - China has also said it would make the Games “carbon neutral” for the first time.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Plan was to be very disciplined: Mayank</strong> - Mayank Agarwal does simple things right. Just as he did on day one here when he and K.L. Rahul blunted the South African attack with a 117-run opening</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-the-hindu-national-news">From The Hindu: National News</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Uttar Pradesh Assembly election 2022 | Shah to address three public rallies in poll-bound State on Tuesday</strong> - Mr. Shah’s visit will be as part of the Bharatiya Janata Party’s ‘Jan Vishwas Yatra’</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>TDP activists stage protest against OTS scheme</strong> - ‘State government is planning to extort money from the poor’</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A century-old ivory nagaswaram</strong> - Chitrai Nayakar, the instrument’s original owner, is said to have played it at the wedding of the famed poet Subramania Bharathi.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Air India handover to Tata Group delayed by a month till January</strong> - Government wanted to complete the transactions by December end but the procedure is taking ‘longer than expected’</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Kakinada smart city to get 13 Urban Public Health Centres</strong> - Kakinada Municipal Corporation Commissioner Swapnil Dinakar on Monday said that 13 new Urban Primary Health Centres (UPHC) would be set in the Kakinad</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-bbc-europe">From BBC: Europe</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Pope Francis Urbi et Orbi address: World ignoring huge tragedies</strong> - In his Christmas Day speech, the Pope said “immense tragedies” were being passed over in near silence.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Spain’s La Palma volcano eruption declared over after three months</strong> - The Cumbre Vieja volcano in Spain’s Canary Islands had been spewing lava and ash since September.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Covid: Christmas flights cancelled and new curbs amid Omicron spread</strong> - Millions face travel disruption and more restrictions as Omicron upends Christmas plans worldwide.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Climate change: Lapland reindeer gone astray in search for food</strong> - Herders are struggling to find thousands of reindeer that have run away in search of food.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>French zoo closed temporarily after pack of nine wolves escape</strong> - No people were injured during the incident, but the wolf pack was killed due to safety concerns.</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-ars-technica">From Ars Technica</h1>
<ul>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Smokers gave a home to bacteria that now sicken people with cystic fibrosis</strong> - Explaining how <em>M. abscessus</em> was ready once CF patients started living longer. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1821956">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>First, do no harm: An argument for a radical new paradigm for treating addiction</strong> - Ars chats with author Maia Szalavitz about her book, <em>Undoing Drugs</em> - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1784718">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Ars Technica’s top 20 video games of 2021</strong> - Chip shortages, game delays couldn’t stop us from selecting 20 fantastic games. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1821496">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>X-ray analysis confirms forged date on Lincoln pardon of Civil War soldier</strong> - Alas, the forged date can’t be removed without damaging the document. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1821962">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Webb Telescope away with two major hurdles cleared after flawless launch</strong> - Lots of hurdles to come, but a good start for the new observatory. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1822418">link</a></p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-jokes-subreddit">From Jokes Subreddit</h1>
<ul>
<li><strong>At my boss’s funeral kneeling and whispering at the coffin</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF -->
<div class="md">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
“Who’s thinking outside the box now Gary?”
</p>
</div>
<!-- SC_ON -->
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/whywee"> /u/whywee </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/rp5eig/at_my_bosss_funeral_kneeling_and_whispering_at/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/rp5eig/at_my_bosss_funeral_kneeling_and_whispering_at/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
<li><strong>What’s the difference between an onion and a prostitute?</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF -->
<div class="md">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
I cry when I chop up an onion
</p>
</div>
<!-- SC_ON -->
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/KeckyOK"> /u/KeckyOK </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/rp0ch3/whats_the_difference_between_an_onion_and_a/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/rp0ch3/whats_the_difference_between_an_onion_and_a/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
<li><strong>I was really worried when I went to prostate exam. My doctor said James you got this, just don’t get hard</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF -->
<div class="md">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Which I said: my name isn’t James. He said yeah, mine is.
</p>
</div>
<!-- SC_ON -->
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/AssaultMode"> /u/AssaultMode </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/rp3o4m/i_was_really_worried_when_i_went_to_prostate_exam/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/rp3o4m/i_was_really_worried_when_i_went_to_prostate_exam/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
<li><strong>Did you hear about the cook who died?</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF -->
<div class="md">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
He pasta way. We cannoli do so much. It was simply his thyme. His wife is so devastated cheese in need of our support.
</p>
</div>
<!-- SC_ON -->
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/PoorGuy2021"> /u/PoorGuy2021 </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/rpgklr/did_you_hear_about_the_cook_who_died/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/rpgklr/did_you_hear_about_the_cook_who_died/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
<li><strong>It was my birthday…</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF -->
<div class="md">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Not that long ago I had a birthday. My girlfriend had no idea what to gift me. Then, on a whim, she said, “I know. Let’s watch a porn and we can do everything they do.” I was really excited until she fucked the pizza guy.
</p>
</div>
<!-- SC_ON -->
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/Bizzomofo"> /u/Bizzomofo </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/rozhol/it_was_my_birthday/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/rozhol/it_was_my_birthday/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
</ul>
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