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<title>10 August, 2023</title>
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<h1 data-aos="fade-down" id="covid-19-sentry">Covid-19 Sentry</h1>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" data-aos-anchor-placement="top-bottom" id="contents">Contents</h1>
<ul>
<li><a href="#from-preprints">From Preprints</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-clinical-trials">From Clinical Trials</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-pubmed">From PubMed</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-patent-search">From Patent Search</a></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-preprints">From Preprints</h1>
<ul>
<li><strong>Verification Theatre at Borders and in Pockets</strong> -
<div>
To appear in: Colleen M. Flood, Y.Y. Brandon Chen, Raywat Deonandan, Sam Halabi, and Sophie Thériault (eds.) Pandemics, Public Health, and the Regulation of Borders: Lessons from COVID-19 (Routledge, forthcoming). This version: August 2023. Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic saw the creation of a wide array of digital infrastructures, underpinning both digital and paper systems, for proving attributes such as vaccination, test results or recovery. These systems were hotly debated. Yet this debate often failed to connect their social, technical and legal aspects, focussing on one area to the exclusion of the others. In this paper, I seek to bring them together. I argue that fraud-free “vaccination certificate” systems were a technical and social pipe-dream, but one that was primarily advantageous to organisations wishing to establish and own infrastructure for future ambitions as verification platforms. Furthermore, attempts to include features to ostensibly reduce fraud had, and risks further, broader knock-on effects on local digital infrastructures around the world, particularly in countries with low IT capacities easily captured by large firms and de facto excluded from and by global standardisation processes. The paper further reflects on the role of privacy in these debates, and how privacy, and more specifically confidentiality, was misconstrued as a main design aim of these systems, when the main social problems could manifest even in a system built with state of the art privacy-enhancing technologies. The COVID-19 pandemic should sharpen our senses towards the importance of infrastructures, and more broadly, how to use technologies in societies in crises.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://osf.io/preprints/socarxiv/h24uv/" target="_blank">Verification Theatre at Borders and in Pockets</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Transformative Effects of COVID-19 on Healthcare Systems</strong> -
<div>
The global healthcare landscape has undergone an unprecedented metamorphosis due to the COVID-19 pandemic, revealing vulnerabilities, sparking innovation, and necessitating adaptive strategies. This crisis’s impact extends beyond immediate health concerns, influencing healthcare delivery, policy, and infrastructure. Healthcare systems faced overwhelming strain, resulting in improvised medical units and resource allocation shifts. The pandemic prompted the deferral of non-urgent medical procedures, while telehealth integration surged, reshaping patient-doctor interactions. Fragile supply chains underscored the need for enhanced resilience measures. Mental health challenges highlighted the importance of comprehensive care, and healthcare workers exhibited remarkable resilience. Collective efforts accelerated scientific advancements, yielding swift vaccine development. Existing health inequalities were exacerbated, underscoring the urgency of equitable healthcare provision. Policy reforms and global cooperation played pivotal roles. A paradigm shift emerged, emphasizing digital innovation in healthcare. The pandemic’s repercussions underscore the significance of adaptability, collaboration, and ensuring fair access to care.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://osf.io/8x53a/" target="_blank">Transformative Effects of COVID-19 on Healthcare Systems</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>In silico thermodynamic evaluation of the effectiveness of RT-LAMP primers to SARS-CoV-2 variants detection</strong> -
<div>
Viral mutations are the primary cause of mismatches in primer-target hybridisation, affecting the sensibility of molecular techniques, potentially leading to detection dropouts. Despite its importance, little is known about the quantitative effect of mismatches in primer-target hybridisation. We use up-to-date and highly detailed thermodynamic model parameters of DNA mismatches to evaluate the sensibility to variants of SARS-CoV-2 RT-LAMP primers. We aligned 18 RT-LAMP primer sets, which were underwent clinical validation, to the genomes of Wuhan strain (ws), 7 variants and 4 subvariants, and calculated hybridisation temperatures allowing up to three consecutive mismatches. We calculate the coverage when the mismatched melting temperature falls by more than 5C in comparison to the matched alignments. If no mismatches are considered, the average coverage found would be 94% for ws, falling the lowest value for Omicron: 84%. However, considering mismatches the coverage is much higher: 97% (ws) to 88% (Omicron). Stabilizing mismatches (higher melting temperatures), account for roughly 1/3 of this increase. The number of primer dropouts increases for new each variant, however the effect is much less severe if mismatches are considered. We suggest using melting temperature calculations to continuously assess the trend of primer dropouts.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.08.552530v1" target="_blank">In silico thermodynamic evaluation of the effectiveness of RT-LAMP primers to SARS-CoV-2 variants detection</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Heart-on-a-chip model of immune-induced cardiac dysfunction reveals the involvement of free mitochondrial DNA and therapeutic effects of endothelial exosomes</strong> -
<div>
Cardiovascular disease continues to take more human lives than all cancer combined, prompting the need for improved research models and treatment options. Despite a significant progress in development of mature heart-on-a-chip models of fibrosis and cardiomyopathies starting from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), human cell-based models of myocardial inflammation are lacking. Here, we bioengineered a vascularized heart-on-a-chip system with circulating immune cells to model SARS-CoV-2-induced acute myocarditis. Briefly, we observed hallmarks of COVID-19-induced myocardial inflammation in the heart-on-a-chip model, as the presence of immune cells augmented the expression levels of proinflammatory cytokines, triggered progressive impairment of contractile function and altered intracellular calcium transient activities. An elevation of circulating cell-free mitochondrial DNA (ccf-mtDNA) was measured first in the in vitro heart-on-a-chip model and then validated in COVID-19 patients with low left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), demonstrating that mitochondrial damage is an important pathophysiological hallmark of inflammation induced cardiac dysfunction. Leveraging this platform in the context of SARS-CoV-2 induced myocardial inflammation, we established that administration of human umbilical vein-derived EVs effectively rescued the contractile deficit, normalized intracellular calcium handling, elevated the contraction force and reduced the ccf- mtDNA and chemokine release via TLR-NF-kB signaling axis.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.09.552495v1" target="_blank">Heart-on-a-chip model of immune-induced cardiac dysfunction reveals the involvement of free mitochondrial DNA and therapeutic effects of endothelial exosomes</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Oral SARS-CoV-2 host responses predict the early COVID-19 disease course</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Objectives: Oral fluids provide ready detection of Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and host responses. This study sought to determine relationships between oral virus, oral anti-SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies, and symptoms. Methods: Saliva/throat wash (saliva/TW) were collected from asymptomatic and symptomatic, nasopharyngeal (NP) SARS-CoV-2 RT-qPCR+, subjects (n=47). SARS-CoV-2 RT-qPCR, N-antigen detection by immunoblot and lateral flow assay (LFA) were performed. RT-qPCR targeting viral subgenomic RNA (sgRNA) was sequence confirmed. SARS-CoV-2-anti-S protein RBD LFA assessed IgM and IgG responses. Structural analysis identified host salivary molecules analogous to SARS-CoV-2-N-antigen. Statistical analyses were performed. Results: At baseline, LFA-detected N-antigen was immunoblot-confirmed in 82% of TW. However, only 3/17 were saliva/TW qPCR+. Sixty percent of saliva and 83% of TW demonstrated persistent N-antigen at 4 weeks. N-antigen LFA signal in three negative subjects suggested potential cross-detection of 4 structurally analogous salivary RNA binding proteins (alignment 19-29aa, RMSD 1-1.5 Angstroms). At entry, symptomatic subjects demonstrated replication-associated sgRNA junctions, were IgG+ (94%/100% in saliva/TW), and IgM+ (75%/63%). At 4 weeks, SARS-CoV-2 IgG (100%/83%) and IgM (80%/67%) persisted. Oral IgG correlated 100% with NP+PCR status. Cough and fatigue severity (p=0.0008 and 0.016), and presence of nausea, weakness, and composite upper respiratory symptoms (p=0.005, 0.037 and 0.017) were negatively associated with oral IgM. Female oral IgM levels were higher than male (p=0.056). Conclusion: Important to transmission and disease course, oral viral replication and persistence showed clear relationships with select symptoms, early Ig responses, and gender during early infection. N-antigen cross-reactivity may reflect mimicry of structurally analogous host proteins.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.06.23286853v2" target="_blank">Oral SARS-CoV-2 host responses predict the early COVID-19 disease course</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>The Role of Data Science in Navigating Future Pandemics</strong> -
<div>
The significance of data science in proficiently addressing and handling infectious disease outbreaks has been underscored by the COVID-19 pandemic. In today’s interconnected world, the integration of data-driven strategies is imperative to augment preparedness for and response to pandemics. Data science, which encompasses data analytics, machine learning, and predictive modelling, furnishes invaluable tools for early detection, surveillance, predictive modelling, drug discovery, contact tracing, real-time monitoring, resource allocation, global collaboration, and ethical considerations. By harnessing data-driven insights and fostering interdisciplinary cooperation, data science empowers us to proactively confront future pandemics, ensuring a more robust and well-prepared global community.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://osf.io/ekvc6/" target="_blank">The Role of Data Science in Navigating Future Pandemics</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>High-throughput detection of neutralizing antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 variants using flow cytometry</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Detecting neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) to SARS-CoV-2 variants is crucial for controlling the spread of COVID-19. In this work, we developed a high-throughput assay for the broad systematic examination of NAbs to eleven SARS-CoV variants of concern (VOCs), which include D614G, Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta, Kappa, and Omicron sub-lineages BA.1, BA.2, BA.3, BA.4, and BA.5. The assay is cost-effective, reliable, 35-fold more sensitive than Luminex technology, and can include the new variants during SARS-CoV-2 evolution. Importantly, our results highly correlated with a commercial IgG serological assay (R = 0.89) and cPass, a U.S. FDA-approved surrogate virus neutralization test (sVNT) assay (R = 0.93). With our high-throughput NAb platform, we constructed a comprehensive overview of the interactions between SARS-CoV-2 VOCs′ Spike trimer proteins and ACE2 receptors, leading to the identification of a monoclonal Ab with broad neutralizing activity. Furthermore, when compared to the D614G variant, we found that the serum NAbs elicited by the third dose vaccine (administered after 28 days) demonstrated decreased inhibition to multiple SARS-CoV-2 variants, including Gamma (0.94×), Alpha (0.91×), Delta (0.91×), Beta (0.81×), Kappa (0.81×), BA.2 (0.44×), BA.1 (0.43×), BA.3 (0.41×), BA.5 (0.35×) and BA.4 (0.33×), in cohort of 56 vaccinated individuals. Altogether, our proteomics platform proves to be an effective tool to detect broad NAbs in the population and aid in the development of future COVID-19 vaccines and vaccination strategies.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.07.23293304v1" target="_blank">High-throughput detection of neutralizing antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 variants using flow cytometry</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Diabetes following SARS-CoV-2 infection: Incidence, persistence, and implications of COVID-19 vaccination. A cohort study of fifteen million people.</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Background Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) incidence is increased after diagnosis of COVID-19. The impact of vaccination on this increase, for how long it persists, and the effect of COVID-19 on other types of diabetes remain unclear. Methods With NHS England approval, we studied diabetes incidence following COVID-19 diagnosis in pre-vaccination (N=15,211,471, January 2020-December 2021), vaccinated (N =11,822,640), and unvaccinated (N=2,851,183) cohorts (June-December 2021), using linked electronic health records. We estimated adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) comparing diabetes incidence post-COVID-19 diagnosis with incidence before or without diagnosis up to 102 weeks post-diagnosis. Results were stratified by COVID-19 severity (hospitalised/non-hospitalised) and diabetes type. Findings In the pre-vaccination cohort, aHRS for T2DM incidence after COVID-19 (compared to before or without diagnosis) declined from 3.01 (95% CI: 2.76,3.28) in weeks 1-4 to 1.24 (1.12,1.38) in weeks 53-102. aHRS were higher in unvaccinated than vaccinated people (4.86 (3.69,6.41)) versus 1.42 (1.24,1.62) in weeks 1-4) and for hospitalised COVID-19 (pre-vaccination cohort 21.1 (18.8,23.7) in weeks 1-4 declining to 2.04 (1.65,2.51) in weeks 52-102), than non-hospitalised COVID-19 (1.45 (1.27,1.64) in weeks 1-4, 1.10 (0.98,1.23) in weeks 52-102). T2DM persisted for 4 months after COVID-19 for ~73% of those diagnosed. Patterns were similar for Type 1 diabetes, though excess incidence did not persist beyond a year post-COVID-19. Interpretation Elevated T2DM incidence after COVID-19 is greater, and persists longer, in hospitalised than non-hospitalised people. It is markedly less apparent post-vaccination. Testing for T2DM after severe COVID-19 and promotion of vaccination are important tools in addressing this public health problem.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.07.23293778v1" target="_blank">Diabetes following SARS-CoV-2 infection: Incidence, persistence, and implications of COVID-19 vaccination. A cohort study of fifteen million people.</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Equivalent Binding Of Sera From Omicron And Delta Period To Future Omicron Subvariants.</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, virus evolution and large-scale vaccination programs have caused multiple exposures to SARS CoV-2 spike protein, resulting in complex antibody profiles. Binding of sera to spike protein of future variants in the context of heterogeneous exposure, has not been studied. We tested archival sera (delta and omicron period) stratified by anti-spike levels for reactivity to omicron subvariant (BA.1, BA.2, BA.2.12.1, BA.2.75, BA.4/5 and BF.7) spike. Antibody reactivity to wild-type (CLIA) and subvariants (ELISA) spike were similar between periods (p&gt;0.05). Both High S group and Low S group of delta and omicron periods were closely related to future subvariants by Antigenic Cartography. Anti-spike antibodies to wild type (S1/S2 and Trimeric S) clustered with subvariant-binding antibodies. Low S group interspersed between High S group on hierarchical clustering. Hybrid immunity caused by cumulative virus exposure in delta or omicron periods caused equivalent binding to future variants. Low S antibody group demonstrating similar binding is a prominent finding.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.04.23293670v2" target="_blank">Equivalent Binding Of Sera From Omicron And Delta Period To Future Omicron Subvariants.</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>MEGA: Machine Learning-Enhanced Graph Analytics for Infodemic Risk Management</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
The COVID-19 pandemic brought not only global devastation but also an unprecedented infodemic of false or misleading information that spread rapidly through online social networks. Network analysis plays a crucial role in the science of fact-checking by modeling and learning the risk of infodemics through statistical processes and computation on mega-sized graphs. This paper proposes MEGA, <i>M</i>achine Learning-<i>E</i>nhanced <i>G</i>raph <i>A</i>nalytics, a framework that combines feature engineering and graph neural networks to enhance the efficiency of learning performance involving massive graphs. Infodemic risk analysis is a unique application of the MEGA framework, which involves detecting spambots by counting triangle motifs and identifying influential spreaders by computing the distance centrality. The MEGA framework is evaluated using the COVID-19 Infodemic Twitter dataset, demonstrating superior computational efficiency and classification accuracy.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.24.20215061v5" target="_blank">MEGA: Machine Learning-Enhanced Graph Analytics for Infodemic Risk Management</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>National Changes in Diabetes Care Practices during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Prospective Study of US Adults</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Background There is a lack of nationally representative prospective data on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on diabetes care and management in adults with type 2 diabetes. We examined changes in diabetes care and management practices before and after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods Using the National Health Interview Survey, we analyzed data from 870 adults living with type 2 diabetes who were interviewed in 2019 and re-interviewed between August and December 2020. Exposure to the COVID-19 pandemic was defined by year of survey (2019, pre-pandemic; 2020, pandemic). We estimated percent change in past year blood sugar check by a health professional and current use of blood sugar lowering medication overall and by sociodemographic subgroups. Results Receiving an annual blood sugar test fell by -3.3 percentage points (pp) (95% CI -5.7, -1.0), from 98.3% in 2019 to 95.0% in late 2020. The reduction in annual blood glucose testing was largely consistent across socio-demographic groups and was particularly pronounced among adults not working and adults aged 65 years and older. In the same time period, current use of diabetes medications increased by +3.8 pp (0.7, 6.9), from 85.9% to 89.7%. The increase in medication use was most pronounced among individuals aged 40-64-year old, employed, and those living in large central metropolitan areas. Conclusions Nationally, adults with Type 2 diabetes reported a reduction in annual blood glucose testing by a health professional and an increase in diabetes medication usage during the COVID-19 pandemic. If sustained after the end of the COVID-19 public health emergency, these changes have implications for national diabetes management and care.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.06.23293722v1" target="_blank">National Changes in Diabetes Care Practices during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Prospective Study of US Adults</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Young Healthcare Workers’ Employment Status and Mental Distress over SARS-CoV-2 in Bolivia</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Background Healthcare workers (HCW) have been particularly affected by the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic as it influenced employment conditions and unemployment/insecure employment. Their deterioration is associated with mental distress. Objective The aim of the study was to assess the trajectory of mental distress among HCW graduates during the COVID-19 pandemic in relation to their employment status. Methods We compared the change in mental distress over time among recent HCW graduates who were formally employed, to those who were unemployed/insecurely employed during the pandemic. In 2018 and 2022, we prospectively surveyed HCW who were in their final year of study in 2018 in Bolivia. Information was collected on socio-demographic characteristics, employment status, and mental distress. Mental distress was assessed using the 12-item General Health Questionnaire. Generalized Estimating Equations were implemented to examine changes in mental distress over time and the role of employment status in this development. Of the 663 HCW at baseline, 116 could be followed up. Findings Over the course of the pandemic, formal employment after graduation did not change the odds of mental distress (odds ratio (OR)=0.93 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.13-6.83]). In contrast, unemployment/insecure employment statistically significantly increased the odds of mental distress (OR=2.10 [CI 1.05-4.24]) over time. Conclusions Especially in countries with limited social support for unemployed/insecurely employed citizens, interventions and policies to prevent mental distress among newly graduated HCW are important. This is particularly relevant in the face of crises such as the COVID-19 pandemic.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.07.23293747v1" target="_blank">Young Healthcare Workers’ Employment Status and Mental Distress over SARS-CoV-2 in Bolivia</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>PandoGen: Generating complete instances of future SARS-CoV2 sequences using Deep Learning</strong> -
<div>
Deep generative models have achieved breakthrough performance in generating computer code, instances of human language and images. We explore the use of these models to create as yet undiscovered instances of viral sequences in a pandemic situation. Towards this goal, we formulate a novel framework for training models to align the sequence generation problem to the characteristics of a pandemic. We applied our method to modeling the SARS-CoV2 Spike protein, the primary driver of the COVID-19 pandemic, and compared our method to models trained via prevalent practices applied to biological sequence modeling. Our method substantially out-performs a state-of-the-art generative model finetuned on SARS-CoV2 data, producing samples containing sequences which are four times as likely to be real, undiscovered sequences, and ten times as infectious. Our method can forecast novel lineages that will be reported over 10 weeks in the future. Given a limited sequence budget, our method also generates sequences belonging to the Delta variant and multiple dominant Omicron subvariants up to a month in advance.
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.10.540124v3" target="_blank">PandoGen: Generating complete instances of future SARS-CoV2 sequences using Deep Learning</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Flexible Bayesian estimation of incubation times</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
The incubation period is of paramount importance in infectious disease epidemiology as it informs about the transmission potential of a pathogenic organism and helps to plan public health strategies to keep an epidemic outbreak under control. Estimation of the incubation period distribution from reported exposure times and symptom onset times is challenging as the underlying data is coarse. We develop a new Bayesian methodology using Laplacian-P-splines that provides a semi-parametric estimation of the incubation density based on a Langevinized Gibbs sampler. A finite mixture density smoother informs a set of parametric distributions via moment matching and an information criterion arbitrates between competing candidates. Our method has a natural nest within EpiLPS, a tool originally developed to estimate the time-varying reproduction number. Various simulation scenarios accounting for different levels of data coarseness are considered with encouraging results. Applications to real data on COVID-19, MERS-CoV and Mpox reveal results that are in alignment with what has been obtained in recent studies. The proposed flexible approach is an interesting alternative to classic Bayesian parametric methods for estimation of the incubation distribution.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.07.23293752v1" target="_blank">Flexible Bayesian estimation of incubation times</a>
</div></li>
<li><strong>Predicting Clinical Outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 Infection During the Omicron Wave Using Machine Learning</strong> -
<div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
The Omicron SARS-CoV-2 variant continues to strain healthcare systems. Developing tools that facilitate the identification of patients at highest risk of adverse outcomes is a priority. The study objectives are to develop population-scale predictive models that: 1) identify predictors of adverse outcomes with Omicron surge SARS-CoV-2 infections, and 2) predict the impact of prioritized vaccination of high-risk groups for said outcome. We prepared a retrospective longitudinal observational study of a national cohort of 192,984 patients in the U.S. Veteran Health Administration who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 from January 15 to August 15, 2022. We utilized sociodemographic characteristics, comorbidities, vaccination status, and prior COVID-19 infections, at time of testing positive for SARS-CoV-2 to predict hospitalization, escalation of care (high-flow oxygen, mechanical ventilation, vasopressor use, dialysis, or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation), and death within 30 days. Machine learning models demonstrated that advanced age, high comorbidity burden, lower body mass index, unvaccinated status, prior SARS-CoV-2 infection, and oral anticoagulant use were the important predictors of hospitalization and escalation of care. Similar factors predicted death. However, prior SARS-CoV-2 infection was associated with lower 30-day mortality, and anticoagulant use did not predict mortality risk.  The all-cause death model showed the highest discrimination (Area Under the Curve (AUC) = 0.895, 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 0.885, 0.906) followed by hospitalization (AUC = 0.829, CI: 0.825, 0.834), then escalation of care (AUC=0.805, CI: 0.795, 0.814). Assuming a vaccine efficacy range of 70.8 to 78.7%, our simulations projected that targeted prevention in the highest risk group may have reduced 30-day hospitalization, care escalation, and death in more than 2 of 5 unvaccinated patients.
</p>
</div>
<div class="article-link article-html-link">
🖺 Full Text HTML: <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.06.23293725v1" target="_blank">Predicting Clinical Outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 Infection During the Omicron Wave Using Machine Learning</a>
</div></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-clinical-trials">From Clinical Trials</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A Phase 2/3 Study to Evaluate the Safety and Immunogenicity of an (Omicron Subvariant) COVID-19 Vaccine Booster Dose of Previously Vaccinated Participants.</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Biological: XBB.1.5 Vaccine (Booster);   Biological: XBB.1.5 Vaccine (single dose)<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Novavax<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Effect of Natural Food on Gut Microbiome and Phospholipid Spectrum of Immune Cells in COVID-19 Patients</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Dietary Supplement: Freeze-dried Mare Milk (Saumal)<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Effects of Exercise Training on Patients With Long COVID-19</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   Long COVID-19<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Behavioral: Exercise training<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital<br/><b>Recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>EFFECT OF COGNITIVE BEHAVIORAL THERAPY ON DEPRESSION AND QUALITY OF LIFE IN PATIENTS WITH POST COVID-19</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   Post-COVID-19 Syndrome<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Behavioral: rehacom<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Cairo University<br/><b>Enrolling by invitation</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Intradermal Administration of a COVID-19 mRNA Vaccine in Elderly</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>:   Vaccination; Infection;   COVID-19<br/><b>Intervention</b>:   Biological: Comirnaty<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Radboud University Medical Center<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A Safety and Immune Response Study to Evaluate Varying Doses of an mRNA Vaccine Against Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Healthy Adults</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Biological: mRNA-CR-04 vaccine 10μg;   Biological: mRNA-CR-04 vaccine 30μg;   Biological: mRNA-CR-04 vaccine 100μg;   Drug: Placebo<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   GlaxoSmithKline<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Phase 3 Adolescent Study for SARS-CoV-2 rS Variant Vaccines</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   COVID-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Biological: NVX-CoV2601 co-formulated Omicron XBB.1.5 SARS-CoV-2 rS vaccine;   Biological: Prototype/XBB.1.5 Bivalent Vaccine (5 µg)<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Novavax<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Hyperbaric on Pulmonary Functions in Post Covid -19 Patients.</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   Post COVID-19 Patients<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Device: hyperbaric oxygen therapy;   Device: breathing exercise;   Drug: medical treatment<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Cairo University<br/><b>Completed</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Dietary Intervention to Mitigate Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>:   Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome;   Fatigue<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Other: Dietary intervention to mitigate Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome;   Other: Attention Control<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   University of Maryland, Baltimore<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A Phase II Trial to Evaluate the Safety and Immunogenicity of BIMERVAX® When Coadministered With Seasonal Influenza Vaccine (SIIV) in Adults Older Than 65 Years of Age Fully Vaccinated Against COVID-19</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>:   SARS CoV 2 Infection;   Influenza, Human<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Biological: BIMERVAX;   Biological: SIIV<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Hipra Scientific, S.L.U<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>HD-Tdcs and Pharmacological Intervention For Delirium In Critical Patients With COVID-19</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>:   COVID-19;   Delirium;   Critical Illness<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Combination Product: Active HD-tDCS;   Combination Product: Sham HD-tDCS<br/><b>Sponsors</b>:   Suellen Andrade;   City University of New York<br/><b>Completed</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>RECOVER-VITAL: Platform Protocol, Appendix to Measure the Effects of Paxlovid on Long COVID Symptoms</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>:   Long COVID-19;   Long COVID<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Drug: Paxlovid 25 day dosing;   Drug: Paxlovid 15 day dosing;   Drug: Control<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Kanecia Obie Zimmerman<br/><b>Enrolling by invitation</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>RECOVER-NEURO: Platform Protocol, Appendix_A to Measure the Effects of BrainHQ, PASC CoRE and tDCS Interventions on Long COVID Symptoms</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>:   Long COVID;   Long Covid19;   Long Covid-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Other: BrainHQ/Active Comparator Activity;   Other: BrainHQ;   Other: PASC CoRE;   Device: tDCS-active;   Device: tDCS-sham<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Duke University<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Directed Topical Drug Delivery for Treatment for PASC Hyposmia</strong> - <b>Condition</b>:   Post Acute Sequelae Covid-19 Hyposmia<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Drug: Beclomethasone;   Other: Placebo;   Device: Microsponge<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Duke University<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>RECOVER-NEURO: Platform Protocol to Measure the Effects of Cognitive Dysfunction Interventions on Long COVID Symptoms</strong> - <b>Conditions</b>:   Long COVID;   Long Covid19;   Long Covid-19<br/><b>Interventions</b>:   Other: BrainHQ/Active Comparator Activity;   Other: BrainHQ;   Other: PASC CoRE;   Device: tDCS-active;   Device: tDCS-sham<br/><b>Sponsor</b>:   Duke University<br/><b>Not yet recruiting</b></p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-pubmed">From PubMed</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Greener approach for the isolation of oleanolic acid from <em>Nepeta leucophylla Benth</em>. Its derivatization and their molecular docking as antibacterial and antiviral agents</strong> - In the present study bioactive methanolic extract along with chloroform and hexane extracts obtained from shade dried leaves of the Himalayan aromatic medicinal plant Nepeta leucophylla Benth. Were screened for the presence of triterpenoids, especially oleanolic acid (OA). Total three compounds oleanolic acid, squalene and linoleic methyl ester were isolated from methanol extract. The percentage yield of OA was 0.11%. Out of these three, OA is more bioactive and was further subjected to…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Anti‑inflammatory effect of metformin against an experimental model of LPS‑induced cytokine storm</strong> - Cytokine storm is one of the leading causes of death in patients with COVID-19. Metformin has been shown to inhibit the action of a wide range of proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-6, and TNF-α which may ultimately affect cytokine storm due to Covid-19. The present study analyzed the anti-inflammatory effect of oral and intraperitoneal (IP) metformin administration routes in a mouse model of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced cytokine storm. A total of 60 female BALB/c mice were randomly…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Immunogenicity and reactogenicity of inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in healthy adults</strong> - CONCLUSION: CD25, a late activation marker of lymphocytes and high-activity memory T cell subgroup, exhibited higher levels at the later stages after vaccination. COVID-19 booster vaccination in older adults and regular testing of SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies are recommended. Booster doses should be administered if the antibody level falls below the 30% inhibition rate.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>SARS-CoV-2-associated organs failure and inflammation: a focus on the role of cellular and viral microRNAs</strong> - SARS-CoV-2 has been responsible for the recent pandemic all over the world, which has caused many complications. One of the hallmarks of SARS-CoV-2 infection is an induced immune dysregulation, in some cases resulting in cytokine storm syndrome, acute respiratory distress syndrome and many organs such as lungs, brain, and heart that are affected during the SARS-CoV-2 infection. Several physiological parameters are altered as a result of infection and cytokine storm. Among them, microRNAs…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Valorization of Kappaphycus alvarezii through extraction of high-value compounds employing green approaches and assessment of the therapeutic potential of κ-carrageenan</strong> - This study utilizes different emerging green extraction technologies to recover maximum value-added products from Kappaphycus alvarezii and evaluate their bio-functional properties. Using the supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) method, the total lipid yield of 0.21 ± 0.2 % was obtained from the biomass. Linoleic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, arachidonic acid, γ-linolenic acid, and docosahexaenoic acid were present in higher concentrations (9.12 %) in the lipid extracted with SFE as compared to…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Modifications of Lipid Pathways Restrict SARS-CoV-2 Propagation in Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-derived 3D Airway Organoids</strong> - CONCLUSIONS: Together, our data demonstrated that modifications of lipid pathways restrict SARS-CoV-2 propagation in the iPSC-AOs, which the inhibition is speculated through the translocation of ACE2 from the cell membrane to the cytosol. Considering the highly frequent mutation and generation of SARS-CoV-2 variants, targeting host metabolisms of cholesterol or other lipids may represent an alternative approach against SARS-CoV-2 infection.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Core mitochondrial genes are down-regulated during SARS-CoV-2 infection of rodent and human hosts</strong> - Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) viral proteins bind to host mitochondrial proteins, likely inhibiting oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and stimulating glycolysis. We analyzed mitochondrial gene expression in nasopharyngeal and autopsy tissues from patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In nasopharyngeal samples with declining viral titers, the virus blocked the transcription of a subset of nuclear DNA (nDNA)-encoded mitochondrial OXPHOS genes, induced…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Comparison of SARS-CoV-2 entry inhibitors based on ACE2 receptor or engineered Spike-binding peptides</strong> - With increasing resistance of SARS-CoV-2 variants to antibodies, there is interest in developing entry inhibitors that target essential receptor-binding regions of the viral Spike protein and thereby present a high bar for viral resistance. Such inhibitors could be derivatives of the viral receptor, ACE2, or peptides engineered to interact specifically with the Spike receptor-binding pocket. We compared the efficacy of a series of both types of entry inhibitors, constructed as fusions to an…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>SARS-CoV-2 Omicron entry is type II transmembrane serine protease-mediated in human airway and intestinal organoid models</strong> - SARS-CoV-2 can enter cells after its spike protein is cleaved by either type II transmembrane serine proteases (TTSPs), like TMPRSS2, or cathepsins. It is now widely accepted that the Omicron variant uses TMPRSS2 less efficiently and instead enters cells via cathepsins, but these findings have yet to be verified in more relevant cell models. Although we could confirm efficient cathepsin-mediated entry for Omicron in a monkey kidney cell line, experiments with protease inhibitors showed that…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>TGF-β uncouples glycolysis and inflammation in macrophages and controls survival during sepsis</strong> - Changes in metabolism of macrophages are required to sustain macrophage activation in response to different stimuli. We showed that the cytokine TGF-β (transforming growth factor-β) regulates glycolysis in macrophages independently of inflammatory cytokine production and affects survival in mouse models of sepsis. During macrophage activation, TGF-β increased the expression and activity of the glycolytic enzyme PFKL (phosphofructokinase-1 liver type) and promoted glycolysis but suppressed the…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Escape from senescence: molecular basis and therapeutic ramifications</strong> - Cellular senescence constitutes a stress response mechanism in reaction to a plethora of stimuli. Senescent cells exhibit cell-cycle arrest and altered function. While cell-cycle withdrawal has been perceived as permanent, recent evidence in cancer research introduced the so-called escape-from-senescence concept. In particular, under certain conditions, senescent cells may resume proliferation, acquiring highly aggressive features. As such, they have been associated with tumour relapse,…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Comparative antibody and cell-mediated immune responses, reactogenicity, and efficacy of homologous and heterologous boosting with CoronaVac and BNT162b2 (Cobovax): an open-label, randomised trial</strong> - BACKGROUND: Few trials have compared homologous and heterologous third doses of COVID-19 vaccination with inactivated vaccines and mRNA vaccines. The aim of this study was to assess immune responses, safety, and efficacy against SARS-CoV-2 infection following homologous or heterologous third-dose COVID-19 vaccination with either one dose of CoronaVac (Sinovac Biotech; inactivated vaccine) or BNT162b2 (Fosun Pharma-BioNTech; mRNA vaccine).</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Post-infection treatment with the E protein inhibitor BIT225 reduces disease severity and increases survival of K18-hACE2 transgenic mice infected with a lethal dose of SARS-CoV-2</strong> - The Coronavirus envelope (E) protein is a small structural protein with ion channel activity that plays an important role in virus assembly, budding, immunopathogenesis and disease severity. The viroporin E is also located in Golgi and ER membranes of infected cells and is associated with inflammasome activation and immune dysregulation. Here we evaluated in vitro antiviral activity, mechanism of action and in vivo efficacy of BIT225 for the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection. BIT225 showed…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>The Role of the Tyrosine-Based Sorting Signals of the ORF3a Protein of SARS-CoV-2 on Intracellular Trafficking, Autophagy, and Apoptosis</strong> - The open reading frame 3a (ORF3a) is an accessory transmembrane protein that is important to the pathogenicity of SARS-CoV-2. The cytoplasmic domain of ORF3a has three canonical tyrosine-based sorting signals (YxxΦ; where x is any amino acid and Φ is a hydrophobic amino acid with a bulky -R group). They have been implicated in the trafficking of membrane proteins to the cell plasma membrane and to intracellular organelles. Previous studies have indicated that mutation of the ^(160) YSNV ^(163)…</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Discovery of Hybrid Thiouracil-Coumarin Conjugates as Potential Novel Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Agents Targeting the Virus’s Polymerase “RdRp” as a Confirmed Interacting Biomolecule</strong> - The coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, along with its various strains, has emerged as a global health crisis that has severely affected humankind and posed a great challenge to the public health system of affected countries. The replication of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) mainly depends on RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), a key enzyme that is involved in RNA synthesis. In this regard, we designed, synthesized, and characterized hybrid thiouracil and coumarin…</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-patent-search">From Patent Search</h1>
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<h1 data-aos="fade-down" id="daily-dose">Daily-Dose</h1>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" data-aos-anchor-placement="top-bottom" id="contents">Contents</h1>
<ul>
<li><a href="#from-new-yorker">From New Yorker</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-vox">From Vox</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-the-hindu-sports">From The Hindu: Sports</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-the-hindu-national-news">From The Hindu: National News</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-bbc-europe">From BBC: Europe</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-ars-technica">From Ars Technica</a></li>
<li><a href="#from-jokes-subreddit">From Jokes Subreddit</a></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-new-yorker">From New Yorker</h1>
<ul>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>The Legacy of the El Paso Shooting</strong> - Four years after twenty-three people were murdered by a white nationalist, Texas Republicans continue to speak about an immigrant invasion. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/daily-comment/the-legacy-of-the-el-paso-shooting">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>The Mind-Bending World of Trump, His Indictments, and the 2024 Election</strong> - After weathering the former President’s assaults in late 2020 and early 2021, the American justice system, and its commitment to the rule of law, is about to be tested again. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/our-columnists/the-mind-bending-world-of-trump-his-indictments-and-the-2024-election">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>The End of Legacy Admissions Could Transform College Access</strong> - After the fall of affirmative action, liberals and conservatives want to eliminate benefits for children of alumni. Could their logic lead to reparations? - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/daily-comment/the-end-of-legacy-admissions-could-transform-college-access">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>How Ohio Voters Defeated an Effort to Thwart Abortion Rights</strong> - Opponents of the measure capitalized on fears of a Republican power grab. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/daily-comment/how-ohio-voters-defeated-an-effort-to-thwart-abortion-rights">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>The Death of a Ukrainian Writer</strong> - Victoria Amelina was a gifted novelist who put fiction aside to devote herself to documenting the atrocities of Putin’s war. - <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/daily-comment/the-death-of-a-ukrainian-writer-victoria-amelina">link</a></p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-vox">From Vox</h1>
<ul>
<li><strong>How are you supposed to start investing?</strong> -
<figure>
<img alt="An animated illustration shows a dollar sign that shrinks and grows within an oven while a floating eye looks back and forth." src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/CRJw6HvidPgnkUQzvhxH3dZhJ1Q=/240x0:1680x1080/1310x983/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_image/image/72530949/Vox_OnTheMoney_PaigeVickers.0.gif"/>
<figcaption>
Paige Vickers/Vox
</figcaption>
</figure>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
There are many, many ways to save for retirement, and not all of them involve stocks and bonds.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="ZBAh8A">
<em>On the Money is a new monthly advice column written by Nicole Dieker, a </em><a href="https://www.vox.com/personal-finance"><em>personal finance</em></a><em> expert who’s been writing about money for over a decade. For Vox’s Money Talks interview column, she’s written stories about couples who run </em><a href="https://www.vox.com/even-better/23569412/money-talk-small-business-six-kids"><em>small businesses</em></a><em>, navigate </em><a href="https://www.vox.com/the-goods/22722672/money-talks-couple-different-backgrounds"><em>different relationships with spending</em></a><em>, handle </em><a href="https://www.vox.com/the-goods/2019/12/10/21003110/money-talks-health-insurance-self-employment"><em>health insurance</em></a><em>, and more. If you want advice on spending, saving or investing — or any of the complicated emotions that may come up as you prepare to make big financial decisions — you can </em><a href="https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScXuTsmpi2VQ6ZoRVEeHrgBSpkPkWSRWDH4zeY_TMBtPAhc4w/viewform"><em>submit your question here</em></a><em>. Here, we answer two questions asked by Vox readers, which have been edited and condensed. </em>
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Rs0l0Y">
<strong>How do normal people invest in the </strong><a href="https://www.vox.com/stock-market"><strong>stock market</strong></a><strong>? I tried a daytrading app, but the whole experience seemed like gambling. I also opened an E-Trade account, but I was paralyzed by the amount of data it offered me and I felt too scared to use it. Is there a “set it and forget it” way to invest a portion of my monthly income without having to micromanage a portfolio?</strong>
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="hGEyjo">
There is, in fact, a “set it and forget it” way to invest your money.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="AAAJgh">
It’s called a <a href="https://www.vox.com/2015/2/6/7983147/mutual-fund-rip-off">target-date index fund</a>.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="xTIjgk">
These funds are specifically created to handle the risk management involved in long-term investing. Let’s say you plan to retire in 30 years. Any money you put in your target-date fund this year is likely to be allocated toward higher-risk, higher-reward investments — the <a href="https://www.vox.com/recode/2022/10/27/23427318/amazon-stock-down-earnings-q3-2022-recession">FAANG stocks</a>, for example — but as your retirement date inches closer, the target-date fund will automatically rebalance your portfolio until more of your money is in lower-risk, lower-return stocks and bonds.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="6FPK4M">
Some people argue that target-date index funds are too expensive for the value they provide. This has to do with something called <a href="https://www.morningbrew.com/money-scoop/stories/what-do-a-bear-and-a-bull-have-in-common">expense ratios</a>, which I’m not going to get into right now because it looks like you’re the kind of person who wants to deal with as few numbers as possible. Instead, I’m going to tell you that the people who want “set it and forget it” but don’t want to pay the higher fees associated with target-date funds often choose <a href="https://www.vox.com/2014/7/31/5882885/retirement-planning-saving-how-much-do-i-need">total stock market index funds</a> instead. These funds match the performance of the entire stock market, and if you’re the kind of person who believes that — despite occasional periods of volatility — the market will continue to trend upward over time, a total stock market fund could be your best bet.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="SQcgpC">
Now that I’ve answered your questions about how to invest without micromanaging a portfolio, I want to go back to your initial question. The truth is that many normal people don’t invest in the stock market. Just under 40 percent of American adults haven’t invested any of their money, according to <a href="https://news.gallup.com/poll/506303/stock-ownership-highest-2008.aspx">a May Gallup poll</a> — which means that you can live a perfectly normal life without ever purchasing a stock or bond.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="rhsnSb">
The real question is whether that’s the kind of life you want to live. You are fortunate to be in a position where you have extra financial resources, which often correlates with the decision to invest in the stock market — but it doesn’t have to. You can read the Gallup poll in full if you want to understand the relationship between income and investing, but you don’t really need a poll to tell you that the more money you earn, the more likely you are to invest a percentage of your money. That said, plenty of people have the money to invest and still choose not to.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="7tHhnf">
What do they do instead?
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="JAs3oG">
Keep reading.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="gWpMoP">
<strong>Are there other ways to save for retirement besides investing in stocks and bonds, or am I beholden to the black box that is Wall Street?</strong>
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Jzo8Oc">
I am so glad you asked.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="637nhO">
There are many, many ways to save for retirement, especially once you get past the idea that your retirement money has to be stashed into a tax-advantaged savings vehicle like an <a href="https://www.vox.com/2022/8/8/23296951/inflation-reduction-act-biden-democrats-climate-change">IRA</a> or a 401(k).
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="S1LqAc">
If you are absolutely committed to the whole retirement account thing — the IRAs, the 401(k)s, the SEPs and Simples and Roths — you can always put money into those accounts <em>without investing it in stocks and bonds</em>. Some brokerages will automatically stash your retirement contributions in a money market account, which is technically an investment and can lose value, but other brokerages have started allowing you to put your contributions into <a href="https://www.vox.com/even-better/23424503/saving-money-inflation-covid-stock-market-anxiety">high-yield savings accounts or CDs</a>. All of these options earn interest and allow you to benefit from long-term compound growth.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="vuhPeU">
Putting your money in an IRA or 401(k) <em>without investing it</em> could be a smart move for people who are wary about Wall Street but are still interested in racking up tax breaks as a freelancer or making the most out of a company match. It’s also a good move for people who need some way of locking their money up until they retire. If you know you won’t be able to resist the temptation to spend every penny you earn, putting your extra pennies into a tax-advantaged retirement account — after setting aside enough cash for an <a href="https://www.vox.com/first-person/2019/1/30/18202144/government-shutdown-how-to-save-money-personal-finance">emergency fund</a>, of course — is one way to solve the problem. Since these kinds of accounts <a href="https://www.vox.com/2014/10/23/7027925/9-questions-about-401-k-s-you-were-too-embarrassed-to-ask">charge taxes and penalties on most types of early withdrawals</a> — with a few exceptions, of course (and a few more exceptions if you have a <a href="https://www.vox.com/personal-finance/2016/6/6/11821072/backdoor-roth-ira-contributions">Roth IRA</a>) — stashing your money in a tax-advantaged retirement account could incentivize you to keep it there until you retire.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="5jwANn">
But IRAs and 401(k)s aren’t the only way to save for retirement. You could also invest in your career. Part of your retirement fund could be spent on turning yourself into the kind of employee or freelancer whose name is on the top of every hiring list — which could yield the kind of earnings growth that beats even the best stock market returns.
</p>
<div class="c-float-right">
<div id="e7Rin5">
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</div>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="H49FjK">
Other people may want to take some of the money they would have saved for retirement and put it toward their debt. If you’re paying more in monthly interest charges than you’re earning on your investments, for example, it might be time to temporarily reprioritize.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="KJOhS3">
You may also want to put a portion of your retirement fund toward real estate, especially if you are in the position to buy your <a href="https://www.vox.com/22939038/rents-rising-home-prices-americans-moving-residential-stagnation-stuck-mobility-freedom">forever home</a>. If you can pay off your mortgage as quickly as possible, you’ll have more money left over every month, helping you maintain financial security and avoid debt — and if you combine stable housing with a frugal, debt-free lifestyle and a flexible, recession-proof career plan, you might be in a position to achieve <a href="https://www.vox.com/the-goods/2019/10/15/20914453/savings-retirement-early-fire-community">financial independence</a>.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="75qSdc">
Many of us won’t make it that far, but that doesn’t mean that our only other option is to put all of our money in the stock market. You get to choose where you invest — in your career, in your relationships, in your neighborhood, or in the long-term potential of the global <a href="https://www.vox.com/economy">economy</a>.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="qB4EZb">
Sixty-one percent of American adults, according to Gallup, are betting on Wall Street.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="YWHAai">
Best of luck.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="BfTmzK">
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="L5fafa">
</p></li>
<li><strong>DeSantis is still standing by Florida’s revisionist Black history</strong> -
<figure>
<img alt="Ron DeSantis speaking at a Republican Party lectern, both hands raised." src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/QBfDL7O1e78XTGbAapAZ6fAjy_A=/222x0:3779x2668/1310x983/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_image/image/72530759/1561497592.0.jpg"/>
<figcaption>
Ron DeSantis speaks at the Republican Party of Iowa’s annual Lincoln dinner on July 28 in Des Moines, Iowa. | Scott Olson/Getty Images
</figcaption>
</figure>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Even after receiving backlash from fellow Republicans, the Florida governor is tripling down on the state’s controversial Black history standards.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="lYwsFd">
Despite strong backlash from Democrats and fellow Republicans, Florida Gov. Ron DeSantis is tripling down on his state’s newly approved social studies curriculum guidelines that erroneously teach students that enslaved people “developed skills” that they could use for “personal benefit.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="FdrOtn">
Since news of the state’s new standards gained attention in mid-July, DeSantis has faced criticism — including<strong> </strong>from four of the five Black congressional Republicans, almost all of whom support<strong> </strong>former president Donald Trump for the Republican nomination.<strong> </strong>
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="FnCWOZ">
“What slavery was really about was <a href="https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/2024-election/tim-scott-rebukes-ron-desantis-florida-black-history-standards-slavery-rcna96787">separating families</a>, about mutilating humans and even raping their wives,” said Republican Sen. Tim Scott of South Carolina, who is also running for president. “It was just devastating. So I would hope that every person in our country — and certainly running for president — would appreciate that.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="HvwGxk">
But DeSantis is continuing to defend the standards. In a recent NBC interview this week, the governor stated that enslaved people “developed skills in spite of slavery, not because of slavery,” adding that “it was them showing resourcefulness and then using those skills once slavery ended.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="nkr3wQ">
In the interview, DeSantis also defended the steps his administration has taken in the past year to overhaul various aspects of that state’s education system. “We’ve been involved in education, not indoctrination,” he said. “Those standards were not political at all.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="J3yTjg">
The controversy is the latest in a string<strong> </strong>of education-related fights for DeSantis,<strong> </strong>including the state’s rejection of the <a href="https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/23583240/ap-african-american-studies-college-board-florida-ron-desantis">AP African American History course</a>, the dismantling of the <a href="https://www.vox.com/policy/23762357/republican-attack-higher-education">state’s tenure system</a>, and the conservative takeover of the small <a href="https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/23593369/ron-desantis-florida-schools-higher-education-woke">New College of Florida</a>. With each move, DeSantis has attempted to model what he would do nationally as president.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Zwyumz">
But his latest comments have spotlighted his rocky presidential campaign — his <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2023/07/31/us/politics/2024-poll-nyt-siena-trump-republicans.html">approval rating among Republican voters</a> stands at 17 percent in a recent poll with Trump at 54 percent — and how his strategy to antagonize liberals and fight “wokeness” may be backfiring. The controversy also highlights the Republican Party’s sluggish gains among Black voters, who vote overwhelmingly Democratic, as it makes a rightward shift on race.
</p>
<h3 id="9zZYk9">
What’s in the standards and how they came to be
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="KCZscK">
On July 19, Florida’s state board of education approved <a href="https://www.fldoe.org/core/fileparse.php/20653/urlt/6-4.pdf">new standards</a> for African American history for instruction in kindergarten through high school classrooms. The state organized a working group to update the state’s standards and ensure that they comply with HB 7, also known as the Stop WOKE (Stop the Wrongs to Our Kids and Employees) <a href="https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/23550366/ron-desantis-first-amendment-free-speech-woke-academic-freedom-new-college-florida">Act</a>, which DeSantis signed into law in 2022 and states “classroom instruction and curriculum may not be used to indoctrinate or persuade students to a particular point of view inconsistent with the principles” contained in the law.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="GJtrQu">
The 19 pages of standards are benchmarks that determine what knowledge students should be taught. The kindergarten through fourth grade standards require students to identify Black people who have had a “positive impact” in politics, art, invention, and other areas. Beginning in the fifth grade, students start to learn about slavery through lessons on the Underground Railroad.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="hOKt0v">
In the sixth through eighth grade, teachers instruct about the slave trade and slave revolts, among other topics. They also learn about how slavery was codified in the law. In these sections, teachers are guided to create lessons about the jobs enslaved people performed, including tailoring, blacksmithing, and agricultural tasks, and how the skills they learned could be used for “personal benefit.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="KpzyTU">
The high school standards are the most extensive, guiding teachers to produce lessons on everything from key Black figures to Black people’s history of resistance and sacrifice.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Xz0GOl">
Though Republican legislators and the state’s education commissioner celebrated the new standards, hundreds of teachers across the state, supported by education and civil rights advocacy groups, criticized them.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="1KJQQK">
Broadly, critics have said the standards are “watered down” and “incomplete.” Andrew Spar, president of the Florida Education Association, told <a href="https://www.edweek.org/teaching-learning/floridas-new-african-american-history-standards-whats-behind-the-backlash/2023/07#:~:text=Critics%20of%20the%20new%20standards,under%20150%2C000%20members%2C%20many%20of">EducationWeek</a> that the middle school standards don’t make “enough connections between the past and present.” More specifically, the high school standards don’t “dive into Florida’s efforts to keep segregation in place.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="ztH9ZY">
Other critics told EducationWeek that new standards are limited in their coverage of ancient Africa, are missing key facts, and lack nuance, since they “mimic instruction of U.S. history with more Black faces and without critical thought and analysis of concepts that are more typically a part of African American history and African American studies courses.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="hx8xVi">
Ahead of the board of education’s vote, teachers demanded that the standards be tabled to allow for revision. “These new standards present only half the story and half the truth. When we name political figures who worked to end slavery but leave anyone who worked to keep slavery legal nameless, kids are forced to fill in the blanks for themselves,” said Carol Cleaver, an Escambia County science teacher, at a meeting in Orlando ahead of the vote, according to the <a href="https://www.tampabay.com/news/education/2023/07/19/florida-state-board-of-education-black-history-african-american-manny-diaz-jr/">Tampa Bay Times</a>.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="IiOnlB">
Two standards in particular garnered national outrage. Critics identified as problematic the section of the middle school standards that states “slaves developed skills which, in some instances, could be applied for their personal benefit.” In response to this standard, Vice President Harris flew down to Florida to deliver a speech, stating, “Adults know what slavery really involved. It involved rape. It involved torture. It involved taking a baby from their mother. It involved some of the worst examples of depriving people of humanity in our world.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="iHJtHj">
Critics also pointed to a section of the standards that highlights “acts of violence perpetrated against and by African Americans but is not limited to 1906 Atlanta Race Riot, 1919 Washington, D.C. Race Riot, 1920 Ocoee Massacre, 1921 Tulsa Massacre and the 1923 Rosewood Massacre.” According to critics, this standard whitewashes history and ignores the terror Black Americans faced.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="jyZ921">
DeSantis has continued to say that a group of Black scholars developed the standards. But as NBC <a href="https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/florida-work-group-not-agree-controversial-parts-states-new-standards-rcna96490">reported</a>, a majority of the members of the group did not support the most controversial elements that were approved.
</p>
<h3 id="Gpd9Je">
What this means for the Republican Party
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="0w1EHh">
The standards are a natural extension of DeSantis’s legislation. The Florida governor<strong> </strong>signed the Stop WOKE Act, which limits discussions about race in the classroom and at work. The law was written to ensure that white people don’t feel guilt, shame, or psychological distress about racism.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="tryYDU">
The standards — and DeSantis’s insistence on defending the lesson on how enslaved people gained skills to their “personal benefit” — are an example of what that law looks like in practice.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="DszSfA">
This time, the standards went too far for some Black Republicans. “Slavery was not CTE! Nothing about that 400 years of evil was a ‘net benefit’ to my ancestors,” <a href="https://twitter.com/johnjamesmi/status/1685020441692225536?s=46&amp;t=KIxW-4hwT_vePiV3HsNOQw">tweeted</a> Rep. John James, a Michigan Republican, referring to the acronym for career and technical education.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="BtAoHF">
But in the party overall, Republican leaders have moved right on race, aligning with far-right figures who reject the idea that minority groups face structural bias. Political scientists <a href="https://mirror.explodie.org/schaffner_et_al_trump.pdf">who studied voters</a> in the 2016 and 2020 elections in one study determined that <a href="https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2023/06/nikki-haley-tim-scott-2024-election-racial-inequity/674511/">the strongest predictor of who voted for Donald Trump</a> was the belief that systemic racism is not a factor in American society. The second strongest predictor was the belief that women don’t face systemic bias.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="5ZPzin">
Donald Trump, the current frontrunner, <a href="https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/23484314/trump-fuentes-ye-dinner-white-nationalism-supremacy">sat down for dinner</a> with white supremacist Nick Fuentes in November. A number of Republican House members, including Rep. Marjorie Taylor Greene, <a href="https://apnews.com/article/russia-ukraine-marjorie-taylor-greene-race-and-ethnicity-europe-mitch-mcconnell-6dd6985db085537fcb103c0d022ac775">spoke at a white supremacist gathering</a> where attendees chanted “Putin!” Sen. Tommy Tuberville repeatedly refused to denounce white supremacists, calling them “Americans” instead. (After multiple interviews, he <a href="https://apnews.com/article/tuberville-white-nationalists-senator-military-de54b928d00bc0dda84fd27a50e0054d">made a short statement</a> that “white nationalists are racists.”) Rep. Eli Crane of Arizona called Black people “colored people” on the House floor in July. (Crane says he “<a href="https://www.cbsnews.com/news/eli-crane-colored-people-remark-house-floor/">misspoke</a>.”)
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="BmgXIe">
Other Republicans have dismissed racism. Though Scott rebuked DeSantis for his comments, the senator has repeatedly argued that racism is no longer a problem in America. During a June <a href="https://twitter.com/votetimscott/status/1673323820374192128">Fox News Town Hall</a>, he said, “When I hear people telling me that America is a racist nation, I got to say: Not my America, not our America”<strong> </strong>— a statement he made despite having spoken extensively in the past<strong> </strong>about the racism he has faced, including repeatedly being pulled over for traffic stops by the police. Scott was pulled over seven times in one year.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="D98bEs">
Presented with Scott’s statement during the NBC interview, DeSantis responded, saying, “Don’t take that side of Kamala Harris against the state of Florida. Don’t indulge those lies.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="obSLB7">
During her trip to Florida, the vice president said she was there to denounce “extremists” who were forcing “propaganda” onto Florida students.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="DFGbBJ">
DeSantis then invited Harris to debate the standards. Harris replied: “There is no roundtable, no lecture, no invitation we will accept to debate an undeniable fact: There were no redeeming qualities of slavery.”
</p></li>
<li><strong>A deadly shipwreck illustrates the tragedy behind Europe’s migration policies</strong> -
<figure>
<img alt="small, overcrowded open-air boats containing migrants at sea." src="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/KgtHdkra5dRi0B9eyPNCuxPjF8w=/292x0:2959x2000/1310x983/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_image/image/72529783/1577853713.0.jpg"/>
<figcaption>
The journey across the Mediterranean is considered one of the most dangerous in the world, according to the UN’s International Organization for Migration.  | Matias Chiofalo/AFP via Getty Images
</figcaption>
</figure>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
At least 41 people are believed to have died after a boat capsized off of Italy this month.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="WShiAZ">
Less than two months after <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2023/06/19/world/europe/greece-migrants-ship-sinking.html">one of the deadliest shipwrecks in decades</a>, a new shipwreck off the coast of Italy this past week has left 41 migrants feared dead.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="17s4cz">
Four survivors of the shipwreck told Italian authorities that the boat they were on was originally carrying 45 people before it capsized during the journey, according to ANSA, <a href="https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/forty-one-dead-migrant-shipwreck-off-italys-lampedusa-island-ansa-2023-08-09/">an Italian news service</a>. The boat reportedly set off on August 3 from Sfax, a city on the Tunisian coast, which has become one of the main departure points for migrants seeking to reach Europe. <a href="https://news.yahoo.com/italian-state-tv-says-41-092720412.html">The surviving passengers were from Ivory Coast and Guinea, according to aid officials</a>.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="J7XObu">
The tragic incident adds to hundreds of migrant deaths via shipwreck in the last year — as the number of people seeking asylum in Europe after being forced to flee conflict and poverty in their home countries grows. Off the coast of Greece in June, <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2023/06/19/world/europe/greece-migrants-ship-sinking.html">as many as 700 migrants may have died </a>at sea.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="T5uAUV">
About 121,000 people have arrived by sea to Europe as of August 6, <a href="https://dtm.iom.int/europe/arrivals">according to the United Nations International Organization for Migration</a> (IOM). This is high for recent years — though all crossings into Europe declined during the Covid-19 pandemic — but remains <a href="https://www.unhcr.org/news/stories/over-one-million-sea-arrivals-reach-europe-2015">below the more than 1 million refugees who attempted to reach Europe by sea in 2015.</a>
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="hayAVp">
Fatalities and missing persons in the Mediterranean Sea — a route that’s typically used to go from North Africa to Europe — <a href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/8/6/at-least-two-killed-dozens-missing-in-shipwrecks-off-italys-coast#:~:text=Migrants%20and%20refugees%20are%20being,that%20traffickers%20can%20reuse%20them.">have nearly doubled compared to last year,</a> climbing higher <a href="https://dtm.iom.int/europe/arrivals">than 1,800 people</a>, according to IOM. (<a href="https://dtm.iom.int/europe/arrivals">More than 2,300 migrants in total have died or gone missing on the way to Europe so far in 2023</a>; for all of 2016, <a href="https://dtm.iom.int/europe/arrivals">more than 5,000 people perished or disappeared</a>.) The recent uptick is <a href="https://www.npr.org/2023/06/28/1184581187/migrant-deaths-mediterranean-crossing">due to a host of factors</a>, including <a href="https://www.cnn.com/2023/04/16/europe/europe-migration-chaos-boat-arrivals-intl/index.html">a surge in migrants</a> from Libya and Tunisia to Italy; traffickers putting people on unstable iron vessels; and insufficient resources dedicated to rescue efforts by European governments.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="WIttjs">
Ultimately, many migrants are choosing this risky avenue because of the limited legal pathways available to them in order to otherwise immigrate to Italy and other <a href="https://www.vox.com/european-union">EU</a> countries. The journey across the Mediterranean is considered one of the most dangerous in the world, according to the UN’s International Organization for Migration.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="HV9j4z">
“As the EU has increasingly closed off established … migration travel routes to the community and countries that were once fairly generous in accepting asylum and refugees, [like] Sweden, become less welcoming, potential migrants have been diverted into ever more dangerous routes by which to try to gain entry into Europe,” Anthony Messina, a Trinity College political science professor that studies migration policy, told Vox. “The consequences have been more perilous journeys and, inevitably, more migrant deaths.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="j7F3sL">
At the same time, the European Union has struggled to put forth a coherent <a href="https://www.vox.com/immigration">immigration policy</a> that offers legal pathways for migrants and instead many countries have focused on proposals aimed at strengthening their borders. There have been disputes, too, over which countries need to allocate resources for rescue efforts, leading some, <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2023/05/19/world/europe/greece-migrants-abandoned.html">including Greece</a>, to abandon this responsibility in certain instances. Among countries like Greece and Italy, which receive a larger number of migrants by sea, there’s also been frustration that other <a href="https://apnews.com/article/europe-greece-immigration-migration-italy-f398b360d1a7ada6b8500f1340555e9c">European countries</a> haven’t chipped in to help shoulder the financial and structural demands. Collectively, these issues have contributed to a dearth of support for potential rescues and few safe channels for migrants to consider.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="NsGSII">
“The devastating rise in deaths in the Mediterranean is not simply down to more people making crossings,” says Josie Naughton, the head of a UK-based nonprofit called Choose Love dedicated to providing refugee aid. “The culpability lies with policies that by design — such as the criminalization of rescue boats — deny that every human life is worth saving.”
</p>
<h3 id="zcK0b5">
Why Europe’s immigration policy is failing migrants
</h3>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="6hbCeV">
A big reason more migrants are using this dangerous route along the Mediterranean Sea is because it’s the main option available to them. “Investing in <a href="https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_22_2654">legal pathways</a> … is the only sustainable solution to save lives,” EU Home Commissioner Ylva Johansson <a href="https://www.infomigrants.net/en/post/47515/eu-safe-and-legal-routes--save-lives">said at a press conference earlier this year.</a>
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="dpMB6s">
The EU has struggled to find a balanced and humane approach to migration, since 2015 and 2016, when <a href="https://www.pewresearch.org/global/2016/08/02/number-of-refugees-to-europe-surges-to-record-1-3-million-in-2015/">Europe saw a record number of arrivals from places like Syria and other parts of the Middle East and Africa</a>. <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/sep/05/refugee-crisis-warm-welcome-for-people-bussed-from-budapest">Some countries warmly welcomed refugees</a> at first, but it did not last, <a href="https://research.library.fordham.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1078&amp;context=international_senior">especially as far-right parties fed a populist backlash. </a>
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="sX3wyS">
EU asylum-seekers must typically apply for asylum in the “first safe” country they reach, which often means countries on the EU’s land and sea edges — Italy and Greece, but also places like Poland. Those countries tend to see many more arrivals, and often argue they do not have the resources to accept so many people. Some of the countries on the EU’s borders have <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2021/12/01/world/europe/asylum-rights-poland-eu.html">sought to tighten restrictions and enforcement</a>, at times illegally pushing back migrants. These same border countries have also accused some inland countries of forcing the costs of providing support and processing those arrivals onto them, while offering no other solution. (The<a href="https://www.vox.com/world/23482665/europe-ukraine-refugees-war"> exception to these variations and political hesitance has been for Ukrainian arrivals, for whom the EU adopted special emergency rules.</a>)
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="agWaOV">
“Despite years of effort in trying to forge a common immigration and asylum policy, the EU is still far short of achieving this objective,” Messina told Vox. “Current immigration policy across the EU is still mostly within the policymaking jurisdiction and purview of national governments, which results in uneven and often haphazard approaches to addressing the thorny challenges of irregular migration and mass immigration generally.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="LqVmir">
EU countries also have uneven approaches when it comes to how committed they are to rescuing migrants at sea, another factor that likely contributes to fatalities. <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2023/05/19/world/europe/greece-migrants-abandoned.html">One New York Times report</a>, for example, examined a video which showed Greece abandoning migrants at sea. And earlier this year, <a href="https://apnews.com/article/migrants-shipwreck-rescue-greece-coast-guard-c160027a00d1ad2f859b97e3e8e7643d">Greece claimed that a boat</a> carrying hundreds of migrants steadily declined aid until shortly before sinking later in the day.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="9haE67">
“It is deeply alarming and disappointing that EU countries are trying to abdicate to their duties to rescue people in distress at sea under international law,” a Human Rights Watch <a href="https://www.cnn.com/2023/04/16/europe/europe-migration-chaos-boat-arrivals-intl/index.html">spokesperson previously told CNN</a>.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="3YbkOk">
But, ultimately, the EU would prefer if migrants did not attempt to come at all.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="qBYNVs">
In mid-July, the EU and Tunisia inked <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2023/07/17/world/europe/eu-tunisia-migrant-deal.html">a deal</a> to try to shrink the numbers of people attempting to cross from North Africa into Europe. The agreement had a lot of nice-sounding things — <a href="https://www.politico.eu/article/eu-migration-deal-tunisia-migrants-africa-european-commission/#:~:text=The%20agreement%20also%20covers%20trade,and%20the%20green%20energy%20transition.&amp;text=The%20EU%20finalized%20an%20agreement,the%20African%20country%20to%20Europe.">EU investments in trade and support for a green energy transition</a>, for example.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="4sYHaq">
Yet it was pretty straightforward: the EU was about to give Tunisia a lot of money to increase security along its sea borders and derail the smuggler networks. “In exchange for one billion euros, Tunisia is now supposed to become a new border guard for the EU,” explained EU migration experts Sarah Wolff and Florian Trauner <a href="https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/europpblog/2023/06/22/what-an-eu-tunisia-migration-deal-would-mean-for-refugees/">in a recent blog post</a>.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="4Jr84g">
Europe has made similar deals, with <a href="https://www.rescue.org/eu/article/what-eu-turkey-deal#:~:text=The%20'EU%2DTurkey%20deal'%20is%20the%20term%20often%20used,Turkey%20to%20the%20Greek%20islands.">Turkey</a>, in 2016, and <a href="https://www.hrw.org/news/2023/02/08/already-complicit-libya-migrant-abuse-eu-doubles-down-support">Libya</a>, offering billions in economic aid in exchange for these countries to stop or intercept migrants. Sea crossings to Europe are undeniably dangerous, but these deals often outsource migration enforcement to countries <a href="https://www.hrw.org/news/2023/02/08/already-complicit-libya-migrant-abuse-eu-doubles-down-support">with questionable human rights records</a>. In <a href="https://www.amnesty.org/en/location/middle-east-and-north-africa/libya/report-libya/#:~:text=EU%2Dbacked%20Libyan%20coastguards%20and,sexual%20violence%20and%20forced%20labour.">Libya, in particular, human rights groups have documented an astonishing record of abuses in migrant detention centers, including torture, killings, and sexual assault.</a> The UN has found evidence of migrants being forcibly <a href="https://www.ohchr.org/en/stories/2022/11/nowhere-back-migrants-libya-compelled-accept-voluntary-return">repatriated,</a> an alarming departure from human and asylum-rights protections.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="3G1ZgU">
Tunisia is the latest troubling example of the EU’s questionable bargain. The country is a place in the region people migrate <em>to</em>, and a place people are trying to escape <em>from</em>. Tunisian President Kais Saied <a href="https://www.brookings.edu/articles/tunisia-is-sliding-back-into-authoritarianism-heres-what-the-us-should-do/">has been aggressively unraveling his country’s democracy</a> in recent years, and has implemented overtly <a href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/7/5/african-migrants-in-tunisia-face-discrimination-little-sympathy">racist policies against sub-Saharan Africans</a>, which has hastened their exodus from Tunisia. “The decision shows no lessons have been learned from previous similar agreements. This makes the European Union complicit in the suffering that will inevitably result,” <a href="https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2023/07/eu-tunisia-agreement-on-migration-makes-eu-complicit-in-abuses-against-asylum-seekers-refugees-and-migrants/#:~:text=%E2%80%9CComing%20against%20a%20backdrop%20of,suffering%20that%20will%20inevitably%20result.">Amnesty International</a> said in a statement after the Tunisia deal.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="4ichy2">
Part of the problem is the EU is still grappling with how to reform and remake its own “migration pact.” Most recently, the EU is <a href="https://www.politico.eu/article/eu-migration-deal-asylum-seekers-relocation/">trying to strike a somewhat middle ground</a>. Border states would institute stricter border policies, especially for those people unlikely to be eligible for asylum, while also more speedily rejecting these applicants. Other countries would have to either agree to accept a certain number of asylum-seekers, or they would pay into a joint fund.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="5ky8Bo">
<a href="https://www.politico.eu/article/eu-parliament-crisis-migration-reform-setback-summer-break/">The deal hasn’t been finalized, and political disagreements on certain measures remain</a>. But many advocates point out that this may appease internal EU politics — <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2023/07/31/podcasts/the-daily/giorgia-meloni-italy.html">especially the far-right governments, like those in Italy</a> — but it doesn’t at all address the humanitarian and human rights concerns around those seeking to cross to the EU. Nothing about these rules will stop people dying in the Mediterranean.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="Qz03Gv">
And it’s not clear what will. Even if Tunisia can curtail the number of boats leaving, it may come with unintended and equally troubling humanitarian costs. The politics of migration in Europe are only going to get more difficult as European <a href="https://www.vox.com/world-politics/2023/7/8/23788036/dutch-parliament-migration-european-far-right">parliament elections approach next year</a>, where a populist and generally more Euro-skeptic far-right could use migration to try to more broadly reshape the EU. As that plays out, thousands and thousands of migrants may still see their only option as a perilous sea crossing.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="1bzuI4">
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom" id="fltayK">
</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-the-hindu-sports">From The Hindu: Sports</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>World Racketlon: Aadirai strikes the goldmine again</strong> -</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Flying Scotsman, Decacorn and Joaquin impress</strong> -</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Tehani, Nevada Gold and Clyde Star excel</strong> -</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Sreenidi Deccan signs up William Alves</strong> -</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Asian Champions Trophy | We stuck to our structure and game plan: Craig Fulton</strong> - “The objective was to score early, and then it was really difficult for them — the more they pushed up, the more we dictated the game; it was a fair result,” said the India hockey team’s head coach</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-the-hindu-national-news">From The Hindu: National News</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Three arrested for trespassing on reserve forest in the Nilgiris</strong> -</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Rerouting Kanyakumari-Katra Himsagar Weekly Express via Konkan network would save 20 hours of travel time for Mangaluru passengers</strong> - Passenger associations also cite benefit of direct connectivity between coastal Karnataka and J&amp;K</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Tamil Nadu inks pact with Godrej for a manufacturing plant with ₹515 crore investment</strong> - The Godrej manufacturing unit is expected to provide employment for more than 400 people.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Excise policy | HC seeks ED’s stand on bail plea by Vijay Nair in money laundering case</strong> -</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Kasturi Buildings: A tour through the premises</strong> -</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-bbc-europe">From BBC: Europe</h1>
<ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Russian convicts released to fight with Wagner accused of new crimes</strong> - Victims’ families are distraught that Russian prisoners released to fight in Ukraine are reoffending.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>French holiday home where 11 died broke safety rules - prosecutor</strong> - The building, where a fire killed 11 people with disabilities, was not properly inspected, an official said.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Forty-one migrants die in shipwreck off Lampedusa</strong> - Four survivors told rescuers the boat set off from Tunisia carrying 45 people, including three children.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>German official accused of spying for Russia</strong> - The man, named only as Thomas H, worked for an office dealing with military equipment and IT.</p></li>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Storm Hans: Floodwaters in Norway send mobile home crashing into bridge</strong> - Several caravans are seen floating down the Hemsila river in Norway before being crushed.</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-ars-technica">From Ars Technica</h1>
<ul>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>It’s finally time—Virgin Galactic is flying private astronauts into space</strong> - It must be a magical moment to float freely above the world. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1959695">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Juno is bringing Jupiter’s moon Io into sharper focus</strong> - NASA’s Juno probe wasn’t designed for this. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1959995">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>How an unpatched Microsoft Exchange 0-day likely caused one of the UK’s biggest hacks ever</strong> - Evidence appears to show a critical 0-day tracked as ProxyNotShell was exploited. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1959987">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Twitter held in contempt, fined $350K over Trump data delay</strong> - Trump accused the DOJ of “secretly attacking” his Twitter account. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1959973">link</a></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>Supreme Court denies Epic’s request to open up App Store payments during appeals</strong> - Apple’s Supreme Court petition will decide if it can hold onto all app payments. - <a href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1959938">link</a></p></li>
</ul>
<h1 data-aos="fade-right" id="from-jokes-subreddit">From Jokes Subreddit</h1>
<ul>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>An older man was driving his new Mercedes at 100 mph</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF --></p>
<div class="md">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
An older man was driving his new Mercedes at 100 mph when he noticed a police car chasing him in the rearview mirror. He accelerated to 125 and then 155 mph. Suddenly, he thought to himself, “I’ve outgrown this bullshit.” He slowed down, pulled over to the side of the road, and waited for the police car to catch up.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
The traffic officer approached him, looked at his watch, and said, “Sir, my shift ends in ten minutes, it’s Friday, and I’m about to start my weekend. If you give me a reason for your speeding that I’ve never heard before, I’ll let you go in peace.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
The man looked at the officer seriously and replied, “Years ago, my wife left me and ran off with a police officer. When I saw you chasing me, I thought you were bringing her back…”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
The officer turned around and said, “Have a nice day, sir!”
</p>
</div>
<!-- SC_ON -->
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/lagflag"> /u/lagflag </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/15msj0a/an_older_man_was_driving_his_new_mercedes_at_100/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/15msj0a/an_older_man_was_driving_his_new_mercedes_at_100/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A lawyer’s wife died. At her grave, everyone was appalled.</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF --></p>
<div class="md">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
The tombstone read, “HERE LIES PHYLLIS, WIFE OF ATTORNEY MURRAY WILLIAMS; SPECIALIZES IN DIVORCE AND MALPRACTICE”.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Murray burst into tears. His brother said, “You SHOULD cry, pulling a cheap publicity stunt like this.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Murray said, “You don’t understand. I gave them my business card.”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
His brother apologized.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
“…and they didn’t include the phone number!”
</p>
</div>
<!-- SC_ON -->
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/Major_Independence82"> /u/Major_Independence82 </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/15n9271/a_lawyers_wife_died_at_her_grave_everyone_was/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/15n9271/a_lawyers_wife_died_at_her_grave_everyone_was/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A wife complains to her husband.</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF --></p>
<div class="md">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
</p><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">-You don’t love me anymore! Once, you used to spend the whole evening sitting with me on the sofa, holding my hands. How long has it been since you’ve done it last?</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"></p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
</p><ul>
<li data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">Darling, it’s not that I don’t love you anymore. It’s just that there is no need for that ever since we sold the piano.
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"></p>
</li></ul></div>
<!-- SC_ON -->
submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/Omeganian"> /u/Omeganian </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/15n4yq5/a_wife_complains_to_her_husband/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/15n4yq5/a_wife_complains_to_her_husband/">[comments]</a></span></li>
</ul>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A man in his 50’s visits the doctor.</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF --></p>
<div class="md">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
“I just can’t take it anymore, doc,” he says, wincing. “I stand at the urinal for 20 minutes and nothing happens. Is there something I can take?”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
“I’ll tell you what you can take,” the doctor snarls. “A cold dose of reality! Do you have <em>any</em> idea what’s happening out there?! Global warming is destroying the planet! Supervolcanoes are waking from dormancy! We’re on the verge of a nuclear war, and NOTHING CAN STOP IT!!”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
Visibly shaken, the man looks down and realizes he’s pissed his pants. Ashamed but relieved, he thanks the doctor profusely.
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
“No trouble at all,” the doctor chuckles. “All you needed was a little dire rhetoric.”
</p>
</div>
<!-- SC_ON -->
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/KairuSmairukon"> /u/KairuSmairukon </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/15miqzh/a_man_in_his_50s_visits_the_doctor/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/15miqzh/a_man_in_his_50s_visits_the_doctor/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
<li><p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"><strong>A female accountant asked her male counterpart “How’s everything going for you?”</strong> - <!-- SC_OFF --></p>
<div class="md">
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
He replied “Great! I feel like $100! How about you?”
</p>
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom">
She replied “Same! I feel like $82!”
</p>
</div>
<!-- SC_ON -->
<p data-aos="fade-left" data-aos-anchor-placement="bottom-bottom"> submitted by <a href="https://www.reddit.com/user/Yabloski"> /u/Yabloski </a> <br/> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/15mtow2/a_female_accountant_asked_her_male_counterpart/">[link]</a></span> <span><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/Jokes/comments/15mtow2/a_female_accountant_asked_her_male_counterpart/">[comments]</a></span></p></li>
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